Alto Professional TERMINATOR II User Guide

TERMINATOR II

DIGITAL PROCESSOR
Automatic Feedback Killer

CHANNEL 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

CHANNEL 2

FILTERS

User's Manual

1/40

CH 1

CH 2

CH 1

MUSIC SPEECH MUSIC SPEECH

BYPASS

CH 2

1/51/80

LIVE MODE VARIATIONS

1/40

1/51/80

INPUT LEVEL dBu

CLIP+18+100-10

TERMINATOR II

AUTOMATIC
FEEDBACK
KILLER

POWER

ON

OFF

NO. 1, Lane 17, Sec. 2, Han Shi West Road, Taichung 40151, Taiwan

SEIKAKU TECHNICAL GROUP LIMITED

http://www.altoproaudio.com Tel: [phone]

email: [e-mail] Fax: [phone]

All rights reserved to ALTO. All features and content might be changed

without prior notice. Any photocopy, translation, or reproduction of part of this

manual without written permission is forbidden. Copyright 2007 Seikaku Group

c

NF02949-1.2

www.altoproaudio.com

Version 1.2 April 18, 2008

English

IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTION

CAUTION

RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK

DO NOT OPEN

TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK
PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE THE COVER OR
THE BACK PANEL OF THIS EQUIPMENT.
THERE ARE NO PARTS NEEDED BY USER
INSIDE THE EQUIPMENT. FOR SERVICE,
PLEASE CONTACT QUALIFIED SERVICE
CENTERS.

This symbol, wherever used, alerts you to the
presence of un-insulated and dangero us voltages
within the product enclosure. Th ese are voltages that
may be sufficient to constitute the r isk of electric
shock or death.

This symbol, wherever used, alerts you to
important operating and maintenance instructions.

Please read.

Protective Ground Terminal
AC mains (Alternating Current)

Hazardous Live Terminal
ON: Denotes the product is turn ed on.
OFF: Denotes the product is turned off.

CAUTION

Describes precautions that should be obs erved to
prevent damage to the produ ct.

1.

Read this Manual carefully before operation.
Keep this Manual in a safe place.

2.

Be aware of all warnings reported

3.

with this symbol.

4.

Keep this Equipment away from water and
moisture.

5.

Clean it only with dry cloth. Do not use
solvent or other chemicals.

6.

Do not damp or cover any cooling opening.
Install the equipment only in accordance with
the Manufacturer's instructions.

Power Cords are designed for yo ur safety. Do

7.

not remove Ground connections! If the plug
does not fit your AC outlet, seek advice from
a qualified electrician. Protect the power
cord and plug from any physical stress to
avoid risk of electric shock. Do not place
heavy objects on the power cord. This could
cause electric shock or fire.

Unplug this equipment when unused for long

8.

periods of time or during a storm.

Refer all service to qualified service personnel

9.

only. Do not perform any servicing other than
those instructions contained within the
User's Manual.

To prevent fire and damage to the product,

10.

use only the recommended fuse type as
indicated in this manual. Do not short-circuit
the fuse holder. Before replacing the fuse,
make sure that the product is OFF and
disconnected from the AC outlet.

WARNING

To reduce the risk of electric shock
and fire, do not expose this equipment
to moisture or rain.

Dispose of this product should
not be placed in municipal waste
and should be separate collection.

Move this Equipment only with a cart,

11.

stand, tripod, or bracket,
specified by the
manufacturer, or
sold with the
Equipment. When
a cart is used, use
caution when
moving the cart /
equipment
combination to
avoid possible
injury from tip-over.

12.

Permanent hearing loss may be caused by
exposure to \ extremely high noise levels.
The US. Government's Occupational Safety
and Health Administration (OSHA) has
specified the permissible exposure to noise
level.
These are shown in the following chart:

HOURS X DAY

8
6
4
3
2
1,5
1
0,5
0,25 or less

According to OSHA, an exposure to high SPL in
excess of these limits may result in the loss of
heat. To avoid the potential damage of heat, it is
recommended that Personnel exposed to
equipment capable of generating high SPL use
hearing protection while such equipment is
under operation.

The apparatus shall be connected to a mains
socket outlet with a protective earthing
connection.

The mains plug or an appliance coupler is used
as the disconnect device, the disconnect device
shall remain readily operable.

EXAMPLE

SPL

Small gig

90

train

92

Subway train

95

High level desktop monitors

97

Classic music concert

100
102
105
110
115

Rock concert

7. WARRANTY

QUICK START

1. WARRANTY REGISTRATION CARD
To obtain Warranty Service, the buyer should first fill out and return the enclosed

Warranty Registration Card within 10 days of the Purchase Date.
All the information presented in this Warranty Registration Card gives the
manufacturer a better understanding of the sales status, so as to provide a
more effective and efficient after-sales warranty service. Please fill out all the
information carefully and genuinely, miswriting or absence of this card will void
your warranty service.

2. RETURN NOTICE

2.1 In case of return for any warranty service, please make sure that the

product is well packed in its original shipping carton, and it can protect your
unit from any other extra damage.

2.2 Please provide a copy of your sales receipt or other proof of purchase with
the returned machine, and give detail information about your return address
and contact telephone number.

2.3 A brief description of the defect will be appreciated.

2.4 Please prepay all the costs involved in the return shipping, handling and
insurance.

3. TERMS AND CONDITIONS

3.1 warrants that this product will be free from any defects in materialsLT O

and/or workmanship for a period of 1 year from the purchase date if you
have completed the Warranty Registration Card in time.

3.2 The warranty service is only available to the original consumer, who purchased
this product directly from the retail dealer, and it can not be transferred.

3.3 During the warranty service, may repair or replace this product at itsLT O
own option at no charge to you for parts or for labor in accordance with the
right side of this limited warranty.

3.4 This warranty does not apply to the damages to this product that occurred
as the following conditions:
Instead of operating in accordance with the user's manual thoroughly, any abuse
or misuse of this product.
Normal tear and wear.
The product has been altered or modified in any way.
Damage which may have been caused either directly or indirectly by another
product / force / etc.
Abnormal service or repairing by anyone other than the qualified personnel or
technician.
And in such cases, all the expenses will be charged to the buyer.

3.5 In no event shall be liable for any incidental or consequential damages. LT O
Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or
consequential damages, so the above exclusion or limitation may not apply to
you.

3.6 This warranty gives you the specific rights, and these rights are compatible
with the state laws, you may also have other statutory rights that may vary
from state to state.

1. TERMINATOR II QUICK START - SET UP MODE

1.1 After connecting TERMINATOR II to the mixer channels or subgroups follow
these points:

1.2 Press and hold the BYPASS button (for more than 4 seconds) related to
the channel you want to set up (CHANNEL 1 or CHANNEL 2): all 24 filter
leds will start flashing

1.3 Start generating intentional feedbacks increasing slowly the GAIN/VOLUME
on the mixer: TERMINATOR II will activate gradually the filters and the
correspondent leds will light

1.4 Usually 10 to 16 filters are enough to guarantee a safe set up without
modifying the audio timbre

1.5 Remember you can use up to 2 independent channels connected to
TERMINATOR II

1.6 To exit SET UP MODE and to STORE the fixed filter press quickly the related
channel BYPASS button: all filter leds turn on for a few seconds, then only
the stored ones keep on lighting

1.7 Now TERMINATOR II is set on LIVE MODE

2. TERMINATOR II QUICK START - LIVE MODE

2.1 During the performance the accidental LIVE feedbacks are automatically
detected and killed: a new led will light to indicate the activation of a new
LIVE filter

2.2 If occasionally all 24 filters are activated (all filter leds on) and new LIVE
feedback occurs, TERMINATOR II is able to kill the new feedback substituting
the oldest less-used filter: the correspondent led will start flashing

2.3 You can operate in real time on the LIVE MODE VARIATIONS to adjust the
filter Q according to your audio source: generally for Music we suggest to
turn the knob towards 1/80th, for Speech towards 1/5th)

2.4 If you need to RESET the LIVE filters (keeping the FIXED ones previously
stored during the SET UP MODE) press and hold the BYPASS button for
about 2 seconds till only the FIXED filter leds keep on lighting

2.5 If you need to RESET completely TERMINATOR II and start a new SET UP,
press and hold the BYPASS button for more than 4 seconds till all 24 filter
leds will start flashing

11

IN THIS MANUAL:

6. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................1

2. FEATURES...............................................................................1

3. CONTROL ELEMENTS..............................................................2

4. USER SETUP...........................................................................4

5. INSTALLATION & CONNECTION.................................................7

6. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS..................................................10

7. WARRANTY...........................................................................11

1. INTRODUCTION

Thank you for your purchasing of the LTO TERMINATOR II. The TERMINATOR II
is a Dual Channel Digital Processor. It is designed to provide state of the art
Feedback elimination processing, for fixed installation or live event, while
maintaining a simple and intuitive control interface.

The TERMINATOR II provides up to 24 filters per channel (CH1 & CH2), offers
independent selectable modes, live filters lift, process bypasses, continuously
variable types of filtration, with widths between and Octave of which

th th

1/80 1/5

are all available on a intuitive user interface front panel.

Enjoy your TERMINATOR II and make sure to read this Manual carefully before
operation!

2. FEATURES

Analog Inputs

2 x female XLR and 2 x 1/4" TRS
Input impedance
Max Input line level

Analog Outputs

2 x male XLR and 2 x 1/4" TRS
Output impedance
Max Output level

A/D Performance

Dynamic Range
A/D Conversion

D/A Performance

Dynamic Range
D/A Conversion

System Performance

Sample Rate
Dynamic Range

THD+N %
S/N Ratio

Frequency Response

Inter channel Crosstalk
Crosstalk input to output

Power Requirement

Operating Voltage

Power Consumption

Physical

Dimension
Net Weight

Electronically Balanced / Unbalanced, RF filter suppressor

30k ohm Balanced / 15k ohm Unbalanced

+20.5 dBu

Electronically Balanced / Unbalanced, RF filter suppressor
100 Ohm Balanced / 50 Ohm Unbalanced
+14.5 dBu

114 dB, A-weighted

24 bit

100 dB, A-weighted
24 bit

48 kHz
100 dB, A-weighted

0.01 %, 1 kHz
100 dB, A-weighted
20 Hz to 20 kHz, +/- 0.5 dB
100 dB, A-weighted
100 dB, A-weighted
230 VAC 50/60 Hz 115 VAC 50/60 Hz
15 W

483 x 195 x 44 mm

3.1kg

24 Programmable Filters per Channel

Dual Independent Channel Processing

Live and Fixed Filter Modes

Automatic Live Filter Release
Selectable Application of proprietary Filter Variations (Music/Speech)LT O
2 Input Channel Metering

24 LED Filter Metering per Channel

2 XLR and 2 x TRS Electronically Balanced Inputs and Outputs

Selectable Operating Level Switches (+4 dBu / -10 dBv)
Rear Panel Lockout Switch

1

10

3. CONTROL ELEMENTS

5. INSTALLATION AND CONNECTION

SPOT

LIGHT

3. CONTROL ELEMENTS

3. CONTROL ELEMENTS

ON LINE with the Outputs of the Mixer

1- Connect the Outputs L-R from the mixer to the inputs CH 1 & CH 2 of
TERMINATOR II with the XLR or TRS (tip-ring-sleeve) stereo jack.

2- Connect the Outputs CH1 & CH2 of TERMINATOR II at the Inputs of power
amplifiers.

3- Set the sensitivity at +4 dBu on the TERMINATOR II and adjust the L-R fader
control on the MIXER for having a necessary level on TERMINATOR II.

For maximum performance and proper operation, the average input signal should

consistently light up at the 0 dBu LED and the +10 dBu LED lighting occasionally.

MS152MS152

AMP IN CH1-CH2

CHANNEL 1

CHANNEL 2

INPUT CH1-CH2

SPK IN

SIGCLIPPROT SIGCLIP PROT

20

20

18

18

22

22

16

16

24

24

26

26

12

12

28306

28306

(dB)

(dB)

CH1

CH2

OUTPUT CH1-CH2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

FILTERS

SPK IN

AMP OUTPUT CH1-CH2

1/40

1/40

CH 1

BYPASS

CH 2

1/51/80

MUSIC SPEECH MUSIC SPEECH

LIVE MODE VARIATIONS

1/51/80

CH 1

CH 2

MIX OUT L-R

INPUT LEVEL dBu

D1

500W 2

TERMINATOR II

AUTOMATIC

CLIP+18+100-10

FEEDBACK

ON

KILLER

OFF

POWER

Front Panel:

1/40

CHANNEL 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

CHANNEL 2

FILTERS

1

CH 1

CH 2

CH 1

MUSIC SPEECH MUSIC SPEECH

BYPASS

2 3

CH 2

1/51/80

LIVE MODE VARIATIONS

1/40

1/51/80

INPUT LEVEL dBu

4

TERMINATOR II

AUTOMATIC

CLIP+18+100-10

FEEDBACK
KILLER

5 6

POWER

1 Filters LEDs

The TERMINATOR II offers 24 notch filters (RED LED) for each channel, which
are used to indicate the number of active notch filter. The LEDs that always
blink for each channel is the last Live inserted notch filter.

2 Bypass

a-This button is used to bypass the notch filters in the signal path by pressing

quickly (about 1 second).
b-Pressing and holding the BYPASS button (about 2 Sec

) is used to reset

the LIVE filters (CLEAR 2 Sec.).
c- BYPASS button (more than 4 Sec.) is used to reset

Pressing and holding the
the fixed filters and enter the SETUP Mode (SETUP 4 Sec.).
For more information of filter reset, please see the Clearing Filters in
the USER SETUP section.

3 LIVE Mode Variations

This knob is used in LIVE MODE to select the application of ALTO proprietary
notch filter, independently on CH1 & CH2.
Each selected mode controls the width ( to of the notch filter used

th th

1/80 1/5 )
to remove the feedback, the velocity of the filter activation and the sensibility
in the feedback analysis.

4 Input Level Bar Graph

These four LEDs indicate input level of the TERMINATOR II with a range from

-10 dBu to +18 dBu.

NOTE: For maximum performance and proper operation, the average input signal

should consistently light up at the 0 dBu LED and the +10 dBu LED lighting
occasionally.

ON

OFF

5 Clip LED

This LED indicates that there is signal clipping at the Inputs. If necessary,
verify the correct position of input selector -10dBv /+4dBu, or setting the
level of the chain with a external pink noise signal.

6 Power Switch

It switches your TERMINATOR II On/Off.

9

2

SPOT

LIGHT

3. CONTROL ELEMENTS

3. CONTROL ELEMENTS

5. INSTALLATION AND CONNECTION

3. CONTROL ELEMENTS

Rear Panel:

OUTPUTS

TIP/PIN 2
RING/PIN 3
SLEEVE/PIN 1

CHANNEL 2

+4 dBU

-10 dBV

TIP/PIN 2
RING/PIN 3
SLEEVE/PIN 1

INPUTS

ON OFF

LOCK

AC INPUT

100-120V /220-240V 60-50Hz

Rated Power Consumption 20W

FUSE:

220-240V: T315mAL 250VAC
100-120V: T500mAL 250VAC
REPLACE FUSE WITH CORRECT
TYPE ONLY

Apparaten skall anslutas till
jordat uttag nar den ansluts
till ett natverk

VOLTAGE SELECTOR

~100-120
VAC

~220-240
VAC

7 8 9 11 10

OUTPUTS

TIP/PIN 2
RING/PIN 3
SLEEVE/PIN 1

CHANNEL 1

+4 dBU

-10 dBV

TIP/PIN 2
RING/PIN 3
SLEEVE/PIN 1

INPUTS

7 AC Inlet and Fuse holder

Standard IEC receptacle. Connect your TERMINATOR II to the AC Inlet with
the supplied AC power cord. Before powering up your TERMINATOR II for the
firs t ti me, make cert ain the stated power requirement of the unit matches the
voltage supplied by the AC socket.

If the fuse blows, replaced with a fuse of the correct type only.

8 Voltage Selector

This switch has two choices for voltage, 100-120 VAC or 220-240 VAC.

9 Input/Output Connectors

Two types of input connectors are provided for input connections: 2 x female
locking XLR type connectors, and 2 x 1/4" TRS jack connectors (tip-ring-sleeve).
The maximum input level that the processor can accept is +20 dBu
(ref.: 0.775Vrms).

Insert on the SUB GROUP/MAIN L-R of the Mixer

1- Connect the TRS (tip-ring-sleeve) stereo jack into the Mixer SUB GROUP/
MAIN L-R, Insert socket.

2- C onne ct t he S end stereo jack (unbalanced) to the CH1 Input of TERMINATOR II
and the C H1 Output of TERMINATOR II with a Return stereo jack (unbalanced).

3- Set the sensitivity at -10 dBu on the TERMINATOR II and adjust the SUB
GROUP/ MAIN L-R, fader control on the MIXER for having a necessary level
on TERMINATOR II.

For maximum performance and proper operation, the average input signal should

consistently light up at the 0 dBu LED and the +10 dBu LED lighting occasionally.

1/40

1/40

CH 1

CHANNEL 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

CHANNEL 2

S

END

S

N

E

ND

UR

T

RE

FILTERS

N

UR

ET

R

CH 1

CH 2

BYPASS

INSERT SUB 2

INSERT SUB 1

CH 2

1/51/80

MUSIC SPEECH MUSIC SPEECH

LIVE MODE VARIATIONS

TERMINATOR II

AUTOMATIC

CLIP+18+100-10

FEEDBACK

ON

KILLER

1/51/80

INPUT LEVEL dBu

OFF

POWER

10 Operating Level Switch

This button allows you to select between either +4 dBu or -10 dBv nominal
operating level.

11 Lock Switch

This switch locks/unlocks all access to the front panel of the TERMINATOR II.

3

8

3. CONTROL ELEMENTS

5. INSTALLATION AND CONNECTION

Insert on the MIC channel

1- Connect the TRS (tip-ring-sleeve) stereo jack into the mixer MIC channel,
Insert socket.

2- Connect the Send stereo jack (unbalanced) to the CH1 Input of TERMINATOR II
and the CH1 Output of TERMINATOR II with a Return stereo jack (unbalanced).

3- Set the sensitivity at -10 dBu on the TERMINATOR II and adjust the MIC Gain
control on the MIXER for having a necessary level on TERMINATOR II.

4- Repeat the same step connections for the CH2 of TERMINATOR II if you like
to use.

For maximum performance and proper operation, the average input signal should

consistently light up at the 0 dBu LED and the +10 dBu LED lighting occasionally.

1/40

1/40

CH 1

CHANNEL 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

CHANNEL 2

SE

ND

RETURN

S

EN

D

FILTERS

N

UR

T

RE

CH 1

CH 2

BYPASS

CH 2

1/51/80

MUSIC SPEECH MUSIC SPEECH

LIVE MODE VARIATIONS

TERMINATOR II

AUTOMATIC

CLIP+18+100-10

FEEDBACK

ON

KILLER

1/51/80

INPUT LEVEL dBu

OFF

POWER

4. USER SETUP

1 Setting Audio System

There are three basic ways you can use the TERMINATOR II combine with your
audio system. It can be:

1. Connected to a MIC channel of a MIXER, into the "Insert" jack (send/return).

2. Connected to the SUBGROUP/MAIN OUTPUTS (L/R) of a MIXER into the
"Insert" jack (send/return).

The connection of TERMINATOR II to Insert points, is probably the best
selection, the levels present in most mixers are pre-fader, (normally 10 dBu)
and flow direct to TERMINATOR II. In this way any fader level variations do
not modified the setup of TERMINATOR II.

For the best performance and proper operation, the average input signal
should consistently light up at the 0 dBu LED and the +10 dBu LED lighting
occasionally.

3. C onnecte d "ON L INE" between mixer and PA system. From output of the Mixer
to input of TERMINATOR II and from Output of TERMINATOR II to PA input
(Stereo Amplifier).

The above setup is used when insert points are not available, set the
TERMINATOR II at +4 dBu, this value is correct when you connect the
outputs of any mixer directly to the input of TERMINATOR II.

For the best performance and proper operation, the average input signal
should constantly light around 0 dBu LED and the +10 dBu LED should light
only occasionally.

INSERT MIC 2

INSERT MIC 1

MIC 1

2 SETUP & LIVE Mode

The TERMINATOR II offers a total number of 24 notch filters for each channel
(CH 1/CH 2) and two main operation modes:

a-SETUP mode, with the fixed filters.

b-LIVE mode, with the free filters not used in SETUP mode.

MIC 2

The SETUP mode is used to detect and remove feedback problems in the audio
system due to the microphone placement, different environments shapes, etc.
Once these filters are set, they can't be removed unless you reset then again.

The LIVE mode is used to detect and remove feedback in "real-time", during
the musical events.

The filters, not used in SETUP mode, automatically work in LIVE mode, the

free

last filter included blink.

1. Using SETUP Mode (SOUND CHECK)

Fixed filters are set before a performance in a process called ringing out a
system, this is done after all other setting system has been done.

a-First, bring down the main mix, turn off all music sources and open the
MIC (if you use Vocalist) or the different MIC (if you use a Sub-Group).

7

4

4. USER SETUP

4. USER SETUP

b-Place the TERMINATOR II in SETUP Mode by pressing and holding the BYPASS
button for more than 4 seconds.

c-All the 24 LEDs and the BY PASS LED will start flashing, indicating SETUP
mode is selected for CH1 or CH2 or together.

d-Set the level of each CHANNEL with PFL and slowly turn up the Main Mixer
Volume, raising the gain of the system, until feedback occurs.

e-The TERMINATOR II will detect and remove feedback by placing notch filters
on the proper frequencies. Continue to slowly raise the gain until all
feedbacks have been eliminated, then exit from SETUP Mode by pressing
and releasing the BYPASS button quickly.

All LED turn ON for few seconds, indicating fixed filters are STORED and
automat ically LIVE Mode is selected, the remaining filters are available in LIVE
MODE.

If all 24 filters have been used in SETUP Mode, the SETUP Mode is left
automatically and no more filters are available in LIVE Mode.

2. Using LIVE Mode (REAL TIME)

The TERMINATOR II operates normally in LIVE Mode (24 notch filters minus
the fixed used filters ). Live Mode filters are set on the feedback frequency
as soon as a new feedback is detected, according to the knob position of
the sel ected LIVE Mode Variations (from MUSIC to SPEECH).

If all LIVE filters are used and a new feedback occurs, the oldest LIVE filter
is cleared and reallocate to the new feedback frequency (the correspondent
led will light).

The TERMINATOR II will continue to search feedback frequency through the
LIVE notch filters.

MUSIC High Q mode, (use notch filters at Octave), continuously variable
until SPEECH Low Q mode, (use notch filters at Octave).

1/80

th

1/5

th

3 CLEARING FILTERS

To reset the LIVE filters, press and hold the BYPASS button on the selected
channel (for about 2sec till the live filter leds will switch off). The currently
active filters will be cleared and the assigned LED will turn off.

If you wish to "reset" all the filters, continue to hold the BYPASS button
(more than 4 seconds) until all filter LEDs are "blinking", indicating that you
have entered the SETUP Mode and that all filters FIXED and LIVE have been
cleared.

4 LOCK ON/OFF

When you finished setting the TERMINATOR II, you can save your setup, switch
ON the LOCK selectors in the rear panel.

After this it will be impossible to operate on front panel.

5 AUTOMATIC FILTER RELEASE

The ALTO TERMINATOR II provides the user with 24 notch filters, for each
channel, they are enough for normal performances. If several
numbers of filters are required, (more than 16), we strongly recommend to
operate a new setup of the sound system.

Anyway, even if the TERMINATOR II uses very narrow notch filters, accordingly
with the selected application type, unused notch filters must be avoided, to
always guarantee the best audio performance.

The TERMINATOR II constantly monitors the status of the LIVE filters and
automatically removes the ones that are no longer necessary.

+3

+2

+1

0

-1

-2

d

-3

B
u

-4

-5

-6

-7

-8

-9
700 750 820 850 900 .95k 1k 1.2k

Hz

Music High- Octave

Speech Octave

th

1/80

th

1/5

+3

+2

+1

0

-1

-2
d

-3

B
u

-4

-5

-6

-7

-8

-9

ALTO Notch Filter Q Diagram

5

6