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How To | Configure the WLAN with QoS
Introduction
This How to Note explains how to configure Quality of Service (QoS) in a wireless
Local Area Network to prioritize traffic under busy conditions.
There is an example scenario provided at the end of this document, which
describes the configuration for prioritizing voice traffic. This example could be
extended to cover a wider installation case.
For a complete description of the commands used in this document, please refer
to the following guide:
“AT-WR4600 Series – Command Reference Guide”.
PN 613-001665 Rev. A alliedtelesis.com
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Ethernet™ is a tradem ark of Xerox Corporation.
Wi-Fi®, Wi-Fi Alliance®, WMM®, Wi-Fi Protected Access® (WPA), the Wi-Fi CERTIFIED logo,
the Wi-Fi logo, the Wi-Fi ZONE logo and the Wi-Fi Protected Setup logo are registered
trademarks of the Wi-Fi Alliance. Wi-Fi CERTIFIED™, Wi-Fi Direct™, Wi-Fi Protected Setup™,
Wi-Fi Multimedia™, WPA2™, Pass point™, and the Wi-Fi Alliance logo are trademarks of the
Wi-Fi Alliance
UPnP™ is a certification mark of the UPnP™ Implementers Corporation.
Microsoft®, MS-DOS®, Windows®, Windows NT® and Windows Vista® are either registered
trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.
Other brands and product names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
respective holders. All other logos, trademarks and service marks are the property of their
respective owners, where marked or not.
Product
Software
Version
Description and Notes
AT-WR4662n
1.1 b248 onward
High-Speed Mobility – Wireless base router
IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n dual radio, 2x2 MIMO
AT-WR4652-80
1.1 b248 onward
High-Speed Mobility – Wireless mobile router
IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n dual radio, 1x1 MIMO
AT-TQ00xx
Cables and accessories
Note: Selection is application-dependent
AT-6101G
IEEE 802.3af Gigabit Ethernet PoE Injector
Note: Use it to inter-connect AT-WR4662n
Trademarks
The following trademarks appear in this document:
Which products and software version does this
document apply to?
This document applies to the following Allied Telesis products:
Table 1 – Allied Telesis network products
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Table of contents
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 1
Trademarks........................................................................................................................................................ 2
Which products and software version does this document apply to?................................................... 2
Table of contents.............................................................................................................................................. 3
Overview ........................................................................................................................................................... 4
What is Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM) ............................................................................................................... 4
Why use Wi-Fi Multimedia? ........................................................................................................................... 4
How Wi-Fi Multimedia works........................................................................................................................ 5
How to configure Wi-Fi Multimedia ............................................................................................................. 7
Parameter descriptions................................................................................................................................... 7
Connecting AT-WR4600 products ................................................................................................................ 8
Configuration example.................................................................................................................................. 10
Using QoS to prioritize voice traffic ...................................................................... 10
Common setup ................................................................................................... 11
[Bridge0] station role: root bridge ................................ ......................................... 12
[Bridge1] station role: non-root bridge [AP1] station role: root access-point........... 13
[Bridge2] station role: non-root bridge................................................................... 14
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Overview
What is Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM)
The Wi-Fi Alliance defined WMM as a subset of the IEEE 802.11e standard to
support QoS on wireless networks. WMM offers a mechanism to prioritize traffic
demands from different applications and grants an adequate support to
multimedia applications, thereby reducing the harmful effects caused by high
latency and throughput reductions.
Why use Wi-Fi Multimedia?
Multimedia and data-centric applications typically share the same network
resources, despite their conflicting requirements for data delivery. Without QoS,
the network offers a best-effort service, which means that applications have equal
opportunities to transfer data. WMM enables network managers to prioritize traffic
based on bandwidth requirements, especially delay-sensitive applications such as
Voice over Wireless LAN and streaming multimedia.
QoS policies play a key role when traffic load exceeds the capability of network
resources, or when some applications, like file transfers, consume the available
bandwidth. Based on services classification, WMM individually manages the
traffic classes to provide low latency, reliability, and a more predictable delay to
critical services.
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How Wi-Fi Multimedia works
In the IEEE 802.11 standard, the wireless nodes access the medium using the
“listen-before-talk” algorithm CSMA/CA-based 1 Distributed Coordination Function
(DCF). The wireless node transmits a frame once its checks indicate that the
medium is free for a period of distributed inter-frame space (DIFS) and a random
back-off time has elapsed. Otherwise, it defers the frame delivery. Note that
contention reduces the available bandwidth, because nodes must back off before
retrying to communicate.
DCF offers an efficient mechanism for transferring bursty traffic, but all nodes use
the same access method, consequently a real time data source will face
continuous contention with a large data transfer happening at the same time.
WMM provides two features that resolve contention and enable QoS:
Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA)
Hybrid Controlled Channel Access (HCCA)2
EDCA gives precedence to higher-priority traffic by means of a shorter arbitration
interframe space (AIFS) and contention windows (CW). The back off time is the
sum of predefined AIFS and a random value from 0 to CW, which is doubled at
each collision till the limit (CW
) is reached. Figure 1depicts the timing. In
max
addition, transmit opportunity (TXOP) bounds the time allocated to the node for
data delivery.
HCCA is a centralized access control facility coordinated by the access point,
which acts as point coordinator (PC). The PC collects the status of registered
stations (via polling) and provides them the permission for channel occupancy
and assigns, for example, the TXOP, the transmit start time and duration.
1 Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance.
2 HCCA facility is not delivered by current software release.
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busy medium
SIFS
PIFS
DIFS
AIFS = DIFS + 2 slots
slot time
voice
video
best-effort
background
AIFS = DIFS + 2 slots
AIFS = DIFS + 3 slots
AIFS = DIFS + 7 slots
CW = 0~3 slots
CW = 0~7 slots
CW = 0~15 slots
CW = 0~15 slots
backoff slots
contention window
minimum wait (AIFS) random backoff (CW)
transmission opportunity
Interframe spaces:
SIFS: short interframe space
PIFS: PCF interframe space - used by HCCA facility
DIFS: DCF interframe space
AISF: arbitration interframe space - used by QoS facility
EIFS: extended interframe space - used to extend the DIFS in case no ACK is received in time
Note, the node delivering data waits for DIFS before sending next frame and, within that interval, the receiver replies
the ACKnowledgement frame to confirm the reception succeeded.
It may happen the receiver delays the replay, due to the signal propagation on long distance link or additional time is
required by receiver for decoding and error recovery; in that case, EIFS is included giving the opportunity to return the
ACK.
EIFS (optional)
Access
Category
Priority
Description
IEEE 802.1D
Traffic Types
Voice
Highest
Low-latency and toll voice quality
6, 7
Video
Highest -1
SDTV and HDTV streaming
4, 5
Best-effort
Lower + 1
Traffic less sensitive of latency, but
affected by delays
0, 3
Background
Lower
Low priority traffic without throughput
constraint (i.e. file transfer)
1, 2
Figure 1 – WMM access timing
WMM requires that the clients running multimedia applications assign the
appropriate priority level to the generated data traffic and that network
infrastructure consistently applies QoS policies.
WMM derives four Access Categories from IEEE 802.1D Class of Service (CoS)
as depicted by Table 2.
Within the wireless node, the WMM manages four independent transmit queues,
one per access category, and dispatches to them incoming packets depending on
the assigned Layer 3 differentiated service field (TOS/DSCP). Packet forwarding
will happen basing on transmit opportunities.
Table 2 - WMM Access Categories and IEEE 802.1d tag mapping
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Note:
WMM setup may only be entered on a wireless node with an access point role.
It will distribute the QoS policies to “slave” nodes, for example, non -root bridge,
workgroup-bridge, etc.
Note:
Refer to “AT-WR4600 – Command Reference Guide”, for default settings and
recommended configuration for the different W LAN topologies (access point,
bridging, etc.).
traffic-class [background|best-effort|video|voice]
cw-min <0-10> cw-max <0-10> fixed-slot <2-20>
no traffic-class [background|best-effort|video |voice]
How to configure Wi-Fi Multimedia
Use the command: traffic-class to set the EDCA back off criteria for the required
WMM access category:
On collisions, WMM sets the back off time within the CWmin range and uses a
persistence factor (PF) as the coefficient that multiplies the contention window
size in successive retransmission attempts following a collision.
Parameter descriptions
cw-min (Contention Window minimum)
That is the random wait time before retrying the transmission; the initial size of the
contention window is within 0~CW
The value specifies the number of back off slots as a power of 2n -1; in example,
cw-min 3 means 2
cw-min 0 means 2
3
-1=7 back off slots.
0
-1=0 back off slots.
cw-max (Contention Window maximum)
That is the maximum size of the contention window.
The value specifies the number of back off slots as a power of 2n -1.
fixed-slot (Arbitrary Inter-Frame Space)
That is the predefined idle time that the station waits before starting the contention
back off slots.
min
window (CW) .
The value specifies the number of back off slots.
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Transmission rate
115200bps
Data length
8 bit
Stop bit
1bit
Parity
None
Flow control
None
Connecting AT-WR4600 products
There are two options for accessing the Command Line Interface of the devices:
SSH remote shell, using any text-mode SSH client software.
RS-232 Line Driver/Receiver that provides a standard DTE console interface;
note, this is optional and is not always available.
Accessing the device via SSH
The Secure Shell (SSH) is an encrypted networking protocol, allowing the user to
configure the device through an Ethernet network. Microsoft does not supply SSH
tool. You can use an alternative program such as Tera Term Pro, which is
licensed under GPL2. The device is factory configured with the static IP address
192.168.1.1. If the device is receiving an address from a DHCP server, please
check the assigned IP address.
Accessing the device via RS-232
To access the device, you can use either the build-in Microsoft HyperTerminal
(note it was removed from Windows Vista and later versions) or an alternative
program such as Tera Term Pro.
The settings of the serial terminal are as follows.
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AT-WR4600 login: manager
Password:
Feb 9 10:35:0 7 AT-WR4600 auth.info login[6898]: root login on 'ttyS0'
AA TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT ooooo
AAAAA TTTTTTTTTTTTTTT oooooooo
AAAAAAAA TTTTTTTT I oooooo
AAAAAAAAAAA TTTTTTT IIIIIIIIII
AAAAAAA AAAAA TTTT IIIII IIIII
AAAAAAA AAAAA T IIIIIIII II
Copyright (C) 2012 Allied Telesis International
All rights reserved.
AT-WR4600> enable
Password:
AT-WR4600#
Accessing the CLI
Enter the login and password via the terminal console (SSH or RS-232). Note, by
default, the login name is manager and the password is friend.
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AP
Bridge0
Bridge1
AP1
STA
Bridge2
10.0.0.0/24
10.0.0.0/24
10.0.0.0/24
STA AP
Note:
All of the examples in this document provide the minimum set of commands
useful for configuring the WMM, regardless of other services like bridging, and
security etc.
AT-WR4600#configure terminal
AT-WR4600(config)#
Configuration example
This configuration example starts with the Command Line Interface already set to
Global configuration mode:
On setup completion, run the command show running-config to verify the
applied configuration.
Using QoS to prioritize voice traffic
This example applies the QoS policy to support voice traffic.
Wireless nodes belong to a Wireless Distribution System working in 5GHz bands,
while the access to a wireless LAN is offered in 2GHz bands.
Figure 2 – QoS giving preference to voice traffic
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AT-WR4600(config)#dot11 ssid ATIopen
AT-WR4600(config-ssid)#authentication open
AT-WR4600(config-ssid)#guest-mode
AT-WR4600(config-ssid)#exit
AT-WR4600#copy nvram:/factory-config-bridged startup-config
AT-WR4600#reload
Common setup
To restore the factory configuration on any device, enter the following commands:
Configure the common SSID for open authentication:
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AT-WR4600(config)#interface dot11radio 0
AT-WR4600(config-if)#protocol-family an
AT-WR4600(config-if)#station-role root bridge
AT-WR4600(config-if)#ssid ATIopen
AT-WR4600(config-if)#bridge-group 1
AT-WR4600(config-if)#traffic-class voice cw-min 2 cw-max 4
fixed-slot 2
AT-WR4600(config-if)#traffic-class best-effort cw-min 4 cw-max 10
fixed-slot 3
AT-WR4600(config-if)#no shutdown
AT-WR4600(config-if)#end
AT-WR4600(config)#interface vlan1.1
AT-WR4600(config-if)#no ip address dhcp
AT-WR4600(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.100/24
AT-WR4600(config-if)#exit
[Bridge0] station role: root bridge
Assign the static IP address:
Configure the station role, the SSID and WMM to the radio interface 0 for bridging:
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AT-WR4600(config)#interface dot11radio 1
AT-WR4600(config-if)#protocol-family bg
AT-WR4600(config-if)#station-role root access-point
AT-WR4600(config-if)#ssid ATIopen
AT-WR4600(config-if)#bridge-group 1
AT-WR4600(config-if)#traffic-class voice cw-min 2 cw-max 4
fixed-slot 2
AT-WR4600(config-if)#traffic-class best-effort cw-min 4 cw-max 10
fixed-slot 3
AT-WR4600(config-if)#no shutdown
AT-WR4600(config-if)#end
AT-WR4600(config)#interface dot11radio 0
AT-WR4600(config-if)#protocol-family an
AT-WR4600(config-if)#station-role non-root bridge
AT-WR4600(config-if)#ssid ATIopen
AT-WR4600(config-if)#bridge-group 1
AT-WR4600(config-if)#no shutdown
AT-WR4600(config-if)#exit
AT-WR4600(config)#interface vlan1.1
AT-WR4600(config-if)#no ip address dhcp
AT-WR4600(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1/24
AT-WR4600(config-if)#exit
[Bridge1] station role: non-root bridge
[AP1] station role: root access-point
Assign the static IP address:
Configure the station role and the SSID to the radio interface 0 for bridging:
Configure the station role, the SSID and WMM to the radio interface 1 for access:
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AT-WR4600(config)#interface dot11radio 0
AT-WR4600(config-if)#protocol-family an
AT-WR4600(config-if)#station-role non-root bridge
AT-WR4600(config-if)#ssid ATIopen
AT-WR4600(config-if)#bridge-group 1
AT-WR4600(config-if)#no shutdown
AT-WR4600(config-if)#end
AT-WR4600(config)#interface vlan1.1
AT-WR4600(config-if)#no ip address dhcp
AT-WR4600(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.2/24
AT-WR4600(config-if)#exit
[Bridge2] station role: non-root bridge
Assign the static IP address:
Configure the station role and the SSID to the radio interface for bridging:
© 2012 Allie d Telesis, Inc. All right s reserved. Information i n this docume nt is subject to change without notic e. Allied Telesis is a trademark or registere d trademark of Allied Telesis, Inc. i n the Unite d State s and other countries.
All c ompany names, logos, and product designs that are trademarks or registered tradem arks are the property of their respective owners.
PN 613-001665 Rev. A
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