The 2050 series of digital and vector
signal generators covers the frequency
range 10 kHz to 1.35 GHz (2050), 10 kHz
to 2.7 GHz (2051) and 10 kHz to 5.4 GHz
(2052). These instruments are suitable for
a wide range of applications including the
testing of new digital communication
systems.
Modulation Capability
The 2050 combines comprehensive
analog modes, AM, FM, PM and Pulse
(optional), with I Q vector modulation. A
digital mode using internal DSP (digital
signal processing) is provided to convert
digital data into complex modulation
formats as shown in the following table.
FSK 2 and 4 level
GMSK
PSK 2, 4 and 8 level
DPSK (Differential) 2, 4 and 8 level
Phase Offset DPSK 2, 4 and 8 level
Time Offset PSK 4 level
QAM 4, 16, 64 and 256 level
Two FM modes are available, wideband
FM (>10 MHz) for fast FSK or video
applications and a 1 MHz bandwidth mode.
Both modes offer FM deviations up to 1%
of carrier frequency. FM is available as
either DC or AC coupled. A patented FM
nulling correction system eliminates carrier
frequency offsets that occur with lesser
generators when using DCFM, and allows
the 2050 to be used confidently with
Wireless LAN or paging equipment such as
POCSAG, FLEXTMand ERMES.
Vector Modulation
In Vector mode the signal generator
accepts I and Q modulation inputs with
10 MHz, 1 dB bandwidth. This precision
modulator enables any modulation
characteristic to be simulated with a high
degree of accuracy, typical vector errors of
less than 0.5% are possible. The excellent
temperature stability and drift
characteristics of the modulator ensure
calibrated signals are always available
making this the ideal choice for demanding
research and development applications as
well as in manufacturing of digital
communications systems.
The wide IQ bandwidth allows the
generation of Direct Sequence Spread
Spectrum signals as used in CDMA as well
as QAM and OFDM signals as used in new
broadcasting formats such as DAB (Digital
Audio Broadcast).
Precision radar Chirp signals can be
simulated in conjunction with an Arbitrary
Waveform Generator to test radar
receivers.
Digital Modulation
In digital mode, the signal generator is
able to produce a wide array of digital
modulation types and in each case the
user is free to modify the data rate and
filter characteristics to suit individual
application needs. This level of control and
flexibility means that the 2050 series is
fully prepared today for the digital formats
of tomorrows narrow band digital radio
communications equipment.
For common standards, the 2050 is
already pre-programmed to generate the
required modulation format from a single
key press and so aid ease of use.
Proprietary schemes can be created and
stored into non volatile user memories.
Mod Type System
π/4 DQPSK NADC (DAMPS), PDC (JDC), TETRA, TFTS,
APCO25
GMSK GSM, Mobitex, CDPD, MC9, DSRR, MD24-
192N/W, Modacom
OQPSK Inmarsat M
FSK POCSAG, CITYRUF
4FSK ERMES, APCO25
8DPSK VDR (VDL)
Data rates up to 34 ksymbols/sec can
either be generated internally from a
pseudo random sequence generator or
supplied externally as a serial or parallel
data stream into a flexible digital interface.
A burst control input allows TDMA or TDD
bursts to be generated synchronously with
the data. A separate analog envelope
control input allows linear control of the RF
level to simulate bursted modulation
conforming to power time template and
2050 series
Digital and Vector Signal Generator
Designed to meet the
needs of modern digital
radio technologies up to
5.4 GHz
Signal Generators
PSK, FSK, QAM, GMSK
I and Q modulation to 10 MHz
(1 dB bw.)
External digital data input
Internal PRBS data source
Excellent accuracy and stability
Envelope control for RF bursts
Programmable channel filter
characteristics
Variable data rate control
NADC, PDC, GSM, TETRA plus
others
Wide band DCFM for fast FSK
Baseband I & Q outputs
Electronic attenuator option
2050 Series
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adjacent channel spectrum requirements.
In digital mode the user can introduce
defined errors to the modulation as skew,
gain imbalance and carrier leakage, and so
aid investigation of design limitations.
Fading Simulation
The built-in Rician and Rayleigh fading
simulator with programmable path ratio
and Doppler speed allows testing of
receivers under real life propagation
conditions in which receivers must operate.
The availability of fading simulation at the
early design stages of new
communications equipment simplifies the
development of more robust designs and
reduces the time taken for full compliance
testing.
Software Assisted Calibration
All calibration and re-alignment
procedures can be carried out without
removal of the instrument covers and can
be performed either manually or
automatically via the GPIB. No internal
adjustments are necessary; even the
frequency standard is adjusted via the front
panel or GPIB. During manual alignment
full instructions are given on the instrument
display. In digital and vector modes a self
calibration system optimizes the
performance of the vector modulator; a
warning is displayed when environmental
changes or elapsed time warrant a recalibration of the modulator.
Electronic Attenuator
An electronic attenuator option is
available to meet demanding extended life
requirements for repetitive switching, found
in high volume production applications.
Specification
2050 series signal generators have a large screen
dot matrix display with softkey function selection
which allows flexibility of operation. Hardkey and
data entry key together with a rotary control knob
are also provided. The output may be modulated
using FM, ΦM, AM, IQ vector or complex digital
modulation. Pulse modulation is optional.
Range
10 kHz to 1.35 GHz (2050)
10 kHz to 2.7 GHz (2051)
10 kHz to 5.4 GHz (2052)
In digital and vector modes the lowest frequency is
10 MHz and for 2052 the highest frequency is
reduced to 2.7 GHz.
Selection
By keyboard entry of data.
Variation by up/down keys and by rotary control.
Indication
11 digits with annunciators.
Resolution
0.1 Hz.
Accuracy
As frequency standard.
Phase incrementing
The carrier phase can be advanced or retarded in
steps of 1.5° using the rotary control.
Range (Analog mode)
144 dBm to +13 dBm
Max guaranteed output above 2.7 GHz is +11 dBm.
With AM selected, the maximum output level
reduces linearly with AM depth to +7 dBm at
maximum AM depth.
Range (Digital or Vector mode)
138 to +6 dBm peak envelope power.
RF level is defined with a PRBS modulation applied
in digital mode or with 0.5 V applied to either the I
or Q input in vector mode.
Selectable Overrange Mode
Uncalibrated levels up to +19 dBm.
Selectable Extended Hysterisis
Uncalibrated RF level control over a range of 24 dB
(maximum) without level interruption.
Selection
By keyboard entry of data. Variation by ñò keys and
by rotary control. Units may be µV, mV, V, EMF or
PD; dB relative to 1 µV, 1 mV, EMF or PD; dBm.
Indication
4 digits with unit annunciators.
Resolution
0.1 dB.
Accuracy
At 22°C ±5°C in non Digital or Vector modes:
<1.35 GHz <2.7 GHz <5.4 GHz
>0 dBm ±0.5 dB ±0.7 dB ±1 dB
>50 dBm ±0.85 dB ±1 dB ±1.5 dB
>127 dBm ±0.85 dB ±1 dB
Temperature
stability dB/°C 0.005 0.01 0.02
In Digital or Vector Mode:
At a temperature of 22°C ±5°C
<2 GHz ±1.5 dB
<2.7 GHz ±2 dB
Temperature coefficient : <0.04 dB/°C
VSWR
For output levels less than 0 dBm:
<2.2 GHz<1.25:1 (19.1 dB return loss)
<2.7 GHz<1.4:1 (15.6 dB return loss)
<5.4 GHz<1.5:1 (14 dB return loss)
At RF levels up to +7 dBm in CW and analog
modulation modes:
Harmonics ≤1 GHz 1 GHz >1.35 GHz
to 1.35 GHz
2050 & 2051 <-30 dBc <-27 dBc <-27 dBc
2052 <-30 dBc <-27 dBc <-25 dBc
Sub-Harmonics
< 90 dBc to 1.35 GHz, < -40 dBc to 2.3 GHz,
< 30 dBc to 5.4 GHz.
Non-Harmonics
< 70 dBc at offsets from the carrier frequency of
3 kHz or greater.
Residual FM
Less than 7 Hz RMS deviation in a 300 Hz to
3.4 kHz unweighted bandwidth at 470 MHz.
SSB phase noise
Less than 116 dBc/Hz (typically 122 dBc/Hz) at
an offset of 20 kHz from a carrier frequency of
470 MHz.
RF Leakage
Less than 0.5 µV PD at the carrier frequency in a
two turn 25 mm loop, 25 mm or more from any part
of the case.
FM on AM
Typically less than 100 Hz for 30% AM depth at a
modulation frequency of 1 kHz and a carrier
frequency of 500 MHz.
ΦΦ
M on AM
Typically less than 0.1 radians at a carrier frequency
of 500 MHz for 30% AM depth for modulation rates
up to 10 kHz.
In digital and vector modes of operation:
Modulation is generated by converting a 120 MHz,
132 MHz, 160 MHz or 176 MHz intermediate
frequency (IF) to the required carrier frequency.
Additional signals are present at the local oscillator
frequency, image frequency and frequencies
equivalent to the harmonics of the IF mixed with the
local oscillator.
Phase noise
In vector mode: As analog modulation and CW
modes.
In digital mode: As analog modulation modes for
offsets >100 kHz ; < 108 dBc/Hz at 20 kHz offset
from a 1 GHz carrier.
Six modulation modes are available:
Single
FM, Wideband FM, ΦM, AM or pulse (optional).
Dual
Two independent channels of differing modulation
type (e.g. AM with FM).
Composite
Two independent channels of the same modulation
type (e.g. FM1 with FM2).
Dual composite
A combination of Dual and Composite modes
providing four independent channels (e.g. AM1 with
AM2 and FM1 with FM2).
Vector
Provides IQ modulation facility.
Digital
Accepts digital inputs and converts the signal to
QAM, PSK , GMSK or FSK formats.
Deviation
Peak deviation from 0 to 1 MHz for carrier
frequencies up to 21.09375 MHz. Peak deviation
from 0 to 1% of carrier frequency above
21.09375 MHz.
Selection
By keyboard entry of data.
Variation by ñò keys and by rotary control.
Indication
3 digits with annunciators.
Displayed Resolution
1 Hz or 1 least significant digit, whichever is greater.
Accuracy at 1 kHz
±5% of indication ±10 Hz excluding residual FM.
Bandwidth (1 dB)
DC to 300 kHz (DC coupled).
10 Hz to 300 kHz (AC coupled).
Input is capable of accepting external sources of
FSK signals. Typical 3 dB bandwidth is >1 MHz.
Group delay
Less than 1 µs from 3 kHz to 500 kHz.
Carrier Frequency Offset
In DC FM less than ± (1 Hz + 0.1% of set
deviation) after using DC FM nulling facility.
Distortion
Using external modulation without ALC: Less than
3% at maximum deviation for modulation
frequencies up to 20 kHz. Less than 0.3% at 10%
of maximum deviation for modulation frequencies up
to 20 kHz.
Modulation source
Internal LF generator or external via front panel
sockets.
Deviation
As FM.
Indication
3 digits with annunciators.
Selection
By keyboard entry of data. The sensitivity is
controlled in 3 dB steps and the display will indicate
the nearest value of deviation to that requested.
Input level
1.414 V peak (1 V RMS sine wave) to achieve
Wideband FM
Frequency Modulation
Modulation Modes
Spectral Purity
RF Output
Carrier Frequency
General Description
2050 series
2050 series
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