Activeforever Plus Advanced User Manual
www.ActiveForever.com
Low
Level Light Therapy Course
(Photorejuvenation)
1
Prepared by Peter Nesbitt
All rights reserved, 2006
Photorejuvenation Course Book
www.ActiveForever.com
Instructor’s Edition
This is the same course book given to students. Questions from tests are in the
particular sections in red and are only in the Instructor’s edition.
hapters
C
1. Definitions, Basic History of Light Therapy and Knowledge of
Electromagnetic Spectrum
2. LED, IPL, and Laser Treatments
3. Cosmetic Light Therapy
4. Safety Considerations
5. Serums and Products Used With Light Therapy
6. Combining Treatments
7. Treatment Methods and Protocols
(This manual and accompanying materials may be used and modified for
educational purposes but may not be otherwise distributed or sold. Advanced
Therapeutics, LLC retains all rights to these materials.)
2
Chapter 1
www.ActiveForever.com
1) Visible Light: light that is within the visible spectrum, 400nm (violet) to 700nm
(red)
1. Visible light is light that humans can see and is between 400 and 700 nm
wavelength.
True
False
2) Infrared Light: light in the invisible spectrum below red, from 700nm to
2,000nm
2. Infrared light is between 700 and 2000 nm wavelength and we can see it.
True
False
3) Frequency: number of cycles per second measured in Hertz (Hz).
3. Frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz).
True
False
4) Coherency: wavelengths of light traveling in phase with one another.
4. Coherency is when wavelengths of light are traveling in phase with each other.
Lasers can produce this type of light.
True
False
5) Monochromatic:
5. Monochromatic is when there are multiple wavelengths of light.
True
False
6) Collimation: light focused in a beam, maintaining a constant diameter
regardless of its distance from the object or surface directed toward
7) Nanometer (nm): a unit of measure of wavelength of light (one billionth of a
meter)
6. Nanometer is a unit of measure that is used to measure the wavelengths of
light and is one billionth of a meter.
True
False
8) Nanosecond: one billionth of a second
7. Nanosecond is 100 seconds.
True
False
9) Joule (J): unit used to measure the energy delivered
light that is of one color, or one wavelength.
3
8. Joules are used to measure energy delivered.
www.ActiveForever.com
True
False
10) Watts (w) and milliwatts (mw, 1/ 1000th of a watt): units used to measure the
power capability
9. Watts and milliwatts are used to measure power.
True
False
11) Peak power: output: the maximum output of power, measured in milliwatts
and watts
12) Average power: amount of power actually delivered in a given period of time
13) Duty cycle: the amount of time the light is actually on during a given period
of time
14) LED-(Light Emitting Diode)- a solid state device that emits a narrow
bandwidth of light. A 660 nm LED will produce 94% of its light energy in between
658 and 662 nm.
10. LED stands for Light Emitting Diode.
True
False
15) Laser-
produces a single wavelength of light energy that is coherent. A 632.8 nm laser
will produce 100% of its light energy in the 632.8 wavelength range.
11. A LASER is a device that produces a single coherent wavelength of light.
True
False
16) IPL-(Intense Pulse Light) High power light therapy devices that use an
intense flash bulb to produce a wide spectrum of light wavelengths and filters to
reject everything above a certain wavelength and below another wavelength to
let a bandwidth of light pass for biostimulation.
12. IPL stands for Intense Pulse Light
True
False
13 Cosmetic IPL devices use LEDs for their light source.
True
False
(Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) A device that
4
Introduction and History
www.ActiveForever.com
Light Therapy has been in use for over 100 years. In 1903, Niels Finson was
awarded the Nobel Prize for his work on UV rays and various skin conditions
which showed a success rate of 98% in thousands of cases, mostly lupus, a
autoimmune disease of skin and connective tissue. Before the invention of
antibiotics, in the 1930s and 1940s, blood irradiation with light was used by
American Doctors Emmett Knott and George Miley to treat a multitude of
maladies with great success. In 445 cases of acute infections, early diagnoses
showed a 100% recovery rate; moderately advanced cases showed a 98%
recovery rate and even in apparently moribund cases showed a 45% recovery
rate.
With the invention of antibiotics and the hope that all diseases could be cured
with modern chemistry, American interest in light therapy subsided, but interest
renewed in eastern countries in the 1960s through 1990s. In 1967, Hungarian
scientist Endre Mester began work with LASERs to see if they would cause
cancer. He found not only that they did not cause cancer, but they actually aided
in the healing of wounds. From the 1980s to present, Russian scientists
continued the work of Knott and Miley and have made progress towards the
explanation of the root chemical causation of helpful benefits of light therapy and
actually introducing light therapy as a normal part of Russian medical practice.
In the 1990s, NASA (National Aeronautic and Space Administration) began doing
light therapy research as a part of long term space flight crew health
maintenance. Their findings supported Russian research on the light therapy and
renewed interest in light therapy in the United States. Because of technical
complications in using lasers and also due to inherent dangers, research moved
to the use of low level light therapy using single wavelength light emitting diodes
in place of lasers. Sometimes called “cold lasers”, the advent of these devices
allowed light therapy to move away from medical offices to Estheticians, Day
Spas, and non medical skin care facilities.
Today, light therapy has been shown in independent research worldwide to
deliver powerful therapeutic benefits to living tissues and organisms. Clinically,
there have been no recorded side effects
Both visible red and infrared light have been shown to promote at least 24
different positive changes at the cellular level. Light radiation must be absorbed
to produce a biological response. All biological systems have a unique absorption
spectrum which determines which wavelengths of radiation will be absorbed to
produce a given therapeutic effect. The visible red and infrared portions of the
spectrum have been shown to be highly absorbent and produce unique
therapeutic effects in living tissues.
16. Clinically, using low power light therapy, there
effects in over 1700 publications.
in over 1,700 publications.
have been no recorded side
5
True
www.ActiveForever.com
False
17. Both visible red and infrared wavelengths have been shown to produce at
least 24 positive changes at the cellular level.
True
False
40 Light Therapy has been in use for over 100 years.
True
False
The Electromagnetic Spectrum and Light Therapy
The Electromagnetic Spectrum is composed of various energy waveforms that
can be considered particles (Photons). Electromagnetic radiation is emitted by
the Sun, Light Bulbs, Fires or Heated Objects, Radio Transmitters, Microwave
Ovens, Lasers, LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes), etc. There are two theories of what
electromagnetic radiation consists of, Wave Theory and Particle Theory. For this
course we will only refer to the wave theory of light and use the words “light
energy” when the usage of Photons is indicated. We do this in order to avoid
confusion when the scientific data sometimes goes from one theory to the other
or when one particular theory suits observed phenomena best.
Electromagnetic radiation consists of many different wavelengths that are used
for different applications. The term “wavelength” refers to the length of a
sinusoidal wave from one point to the point where the wave begins to repeat
itself. This length is measured in meters. They range from very short
wavelengths such as Gamma Rays (1 to 1000 fm to very long radio waves at 1 to
1000 meters. Below is a description of the various waves and their usage.
NAME WAVELENGTH USED FOR
Radio Waves 1-1000 meters Radio, TV
icro Waves 2-1000mm (1mm=.001meter) Radar, Ovens
M
Infrared Waves 700-2000nm (1nm=.000000001 meter) Heating lamps
Visible Light 400-700nm Illumination
Ultra Violet (UV) 1-400nm Tanning lamps
6
X-rays 1-1000pm (1pm=.000000000001 meter) X-raying
www.ActiveForever.com
Gamma Rays 1-1000fm (1fm=.000000000000001 meter) accelerators
15. A tanning bed might use 375nm wavelength light for tanning purposes.
True
False
In the Visible Light, Nanometers (wavelength) = Color
The visible light spectrum is the wavelengths or colors that humans can see.
They start at 400nm (Blue) and end around 700nm (Red). In light therapy, you
will see various wavelengths mentioned. The wavelengths are different shades of
color or they may not be able to seen at all. 420nm light is a deep blue color.
480nm light is a lighter shade of blue. 630nm is a light shade of red. 680nm is a
dark shade of red. 350nm (UV) is not visible to the eye. 950nm (Infrared) is not
visible to the eye. You will notice in our equipment when the equipment is
energized, some LEDs (light emitting diodes) will appear not to be shining. These
are two Infrared Wavelengths. They are shining; you just can’t see the light.
Digital cameras can detect this light if they do not have an IR or “hot filter”
coating on the lens. This is the reason that when you see a picture of our device
(energized), they all appear on.
Scientific Research
On
Laser Biology and Medicine Institute at Troitsk, Russia. She has published
almost 100 papers on light therapy. She suggests that irradiation of isolated
mitochondria induces changes in cellular homeostasis, which entails a cascade
of reactions. It is proposed that a number of the components of the respiratory
chain (e.g., cytochromes, cytochrome oxidase and flavine dehydrogenase), are
primary photoacceptors or chromophores and thus able to absorb light at
appropriate wavelengths. This causes short-term activation of the respiratory
chain, leading to changes in redox status of both mitochondria and cytoplasm. In
turn, the activation of the electron transport chain results in enhanced synthesis
of ATP. Furthermore, laser irradiation also affects hydrogen ion levels in the cell.
This, coupled with an increase in ATP, causes activation of other membrane ion
carriers such as sodium and potassium, and alters the flow of calcium between
mitochondria and cytoplasm. The variation of such parameters is a necessary
component in the control of proliferative activity of the cell.
7
e of the most impressive scientists in this field is Tina Karu. She is head of the
www.ActiveForever.com
18. Tiina Karu is a leading scientist in the field of Low Power Light Therapy.
True
False
Generally speaking, Photorejuvenation essentially works at the cellular level.
Each cell contains a number of power plants, called mitochondria. The function of
these power plants is to produce ATP, the form of energy that can be used by the
cell to function properly.
LED (Light Emitting Diodes) light is narrow bandwidth light as opposed to
incandescent or florescent (wide bandwidth) light. LEDs from the red and infrared
spectrum of the electromagnetic radiation are used for Photo Rejuvenation
because they are well absorbed by their collector surfaces of the mitochondria as
an additional source of energy. The cellular power plants can thus produce more
ATP. ATP is the cellular energy or fuel the skin cells strive after and need. A
sufficiently high supply of cellular energy enables our skin cell to work under
optimum conditions and is the essential prerequisite to ensure a successful selfhealing process.
8
Physiological Benefits
www.ActiveForever.com
In mature skin and tissue, the increased cellular activity results in physiological
benefits which taken together are frequently called, “Photorejuvenation”. These
benefits are:
1. Increased blood circulation;
2. Increased proliferation of fibroblasts;
3. Stimulation of collagen production;
4. Increased lymphatic activity;
5. Stimulation of the body’s anti-inflammatory response.
These effects are discussed in detail in Chapter 3.
velength and Depth of Penetration
Wa
There is a relationship with wavelength and how quickly the energy is absorbed.
Normally, the shorter the wavelength the quicker it is absorbed. Longer
wavelengths therefore penetrate further into the tissues. The very short
wavelength Ultra Violet (UV) is absorbed almost completely within the first 1 to 2
mm of skin depth. Depth of penetration is defined as the depth at which 60% of
the light is absorbed by the tissue, while 40% of the light will continue to be
absorbed in a manner that is less fully understood. This 60% distance is where
the light will have the greatest bio-stimulation effect.
The diverse tissue and cell types in the body all have their own unique light
absorption characteristics; that is, they will only absorb light at specific
wavelengths and not at others. For example, skin layers, because of their high
blood and water content, absorb red light very readily, while calcium and
phosphorus absorb light of a different wavelength. Although both red and infrared
wavelengths penetrate to different depths and affect tissues differently, their
therapeutic effects are similar.
Visible red light, at a wavelength of 660 nanometers, penetrates tissue to a depth
of about 8-10 mm. It is very beneficial in treating problems close to the surface
such as wounds, cuts, scars, trigger and acupuncture points and is particularly
effective in treating infections. Infrared light (904nm) penetrates to a depth of
about 30-40 mm which makes it more effective in the treatment of joints, deep
muscle, etc. It must not be thought that Infrared light penetrates to 30-40 mm and
then starts to have an effect. It is much as a streetlamp on a foggy night. The
light is brightest next to the lamp itself and slowly fades as it penetrates the fog.
The greatest biostimulation effect will be closest to light source.
. Infrared light penetrates the body easier (deeper) than red light.
19
True
False
9
Loading...