Page 1
1
A43/A44
User Manual
Page 2
2
A43/A44
User Manual
Document ID: 2CMC484001M0201
Revision: D
2020-12-16
Page 3
use of any software or hardware described in this document.
The EQ meter product is designed to be connected and to communicate
information and data via a network interface, which should be connected to an
internal secure network. It is
the users sole responsibility to provide and
continuously ensure a secure connection between the product and
the users
network or any other network (as the case may be) and to establish and maintain
appropriate measures (such as but not limited to the installation of firewalls,
application of authentication measures, encryption of data, installation of
antivirus programs, etc.) to protect the EQ meter product, the network, its
system and interfaces against any kind of security breaches, unauthorized
access, interference, intrusion, leakage and/or theft of data or information. ABB
Ltd and its affiliates are not liable for damages and/or losses related to such
security breaches, unauthorized access, interference, intrusion, leakage and/or
theft of data or information.
Although ABB provides functionality testing on the products and software
updates that we release, you should institute your own testing program for any
product updates or other major system updates (to include but not limited to
code changes, configuration file changes, third party software updates or
patches, hardware change out, etc.) to ensure that the security measures that you
have implemented have not been compromised and system functionality in your
environment is as expected.
For maximum security the EQ meter
should be installed and sealed in a secure
environment to prevent any unauthorized access. All cables and sealing must be
checked on a regular basis, if any sealing is broken the security and safety can
no longer be ensured and ABB Ltd and its affiliates are not liable for damages
and/or losses related to such disturbances, security breaches, unauthorized
access, interference, intrusion, leakage and/or theft of data or information.
3
Disclaimer
The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should
not be construed as a commitment by ABB Spa . ABB Spa assumes no
responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
In no event shall ABB Spa be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental or
con
sequential damages of any nature or kind arising from the use of this
document,
nor shall ABB Spa be liable for incidental or consequential damages
arising from
Copyrights
permission from ABB Spa, and the contents thereof must not be imparted to a
This document and parts thereof must not be reproduced or copied without written
third party nor used for any unauthorized purpose.
The software or hardware described in this document is furnished under a license
and may be used, copied, or disclosed only in accordance with the terms of such
license.
© Copyright 2020 ABB Spa. All rights reserved.
Page 4
Trademarks A
4
BB Spa is a registered trademark of the ABB Group. All other brand or product
names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks
of their respective holders.
Contact
ABB SpA
Via Dell’industria, 18
20009 – Vittuone - Milano
Italy
Tel: +39 02 9034 1
Page 5
5
Table of Contents
1 Product Overview .................................................................................................................... 9
1.1 Meter Parts .............................................................................................................................. 10
1.2 Meter Types ............................................................................................................................. 12
2 Installation ............................................................................................................................ 15
2.1 Mounting the Meter ................................................................................................................ 16
2.2 Environmental Considerations ................................................................................................. 18
2.3 Installing the Meter .................................................................................................................. 19
2.3.1 Configuring the meter ...................................................................................................... 20
2.4 Wiring Diagrams ....................................................................................................................... 21
2.4.1 Direct connected meters .................................................................................................. 21
2.4.2 Transformer connected meters without voltage transformer ......................................... 22
2.4.3 Transformer connected meters with voltage transformer .............................................. 23
2.4.4 Inputs/outputs ................................................................................................................. 24
2.4.5 Communication ................................................................................................................ 25
3 User Interface ........................................................................................................................ 26
3.1 Display ...................................................................................................................................... 27
4 Meter Settings ....................................................................................................................... 32
4.1 Settings and Configurations ..................................................................................................... 33
4.1.1 Setting Date ...................................................................................................................... 33
4.1.2 Setting Time ..................................................................................................................... 34
4.1.3 Setting Ratios ................................................................................................................... 34
4.1.4 Setting Wires .................................................................................................................... 34
4.1.5 Setting Pulse Output ........................................................................................................ 34
4.1.6 Setting I/O ........................................................................................................................ 35
4.1.7 Setting Alarm .................................................................................................................... 36
4.1.8 Setting Currency/CO2 ....................................................................................................... 38
4.1.9 Setting M-Bus ................................................................................................................... 38
4.1.10 Setting RS-485 .................................................................................................................. 38
4.1.11 Setting IR Side .................................................................................................................. 39
4.1.12 Setting Upgrade Consent ................................................................................................. 42
4.1.13 Setting Pulse LED .............................................................................................................. 42
4.1.14 Setting Tariff ..................................................................................................................... 42
4.1.15 Setting Previous Values .................................................................................................... 43
4.1.16 Setting Load Profile .......................................................................................................... 43
4.1.17 Setting Demand ................................................................................................................ 44
4.1.18 Resetting Resettable Registers ......................................................................................... 44
5 Technical Description ............................................................................................................. 45
5.1 Energy Values ........................................................................................................................... 46
5.2 Instrumentation ....................................................................................................................... 48
5.3 Harmonics ................................................................................................................................ 50
5.3.1 Measuring Harmonics ...................................................................................................... 52
5.4 Alarm ........................................................................................................................................ 54
5.5 Inputs and Outputs .................................................................................................................. 56
Page 6
5.5.1 Tariff Inputs ...................................................................................................................... 56
6
5.5.2 Pulse Outputs ................................................................................................................... 57
5.6 Internal Clock ........................................................................................................................... 60
5.7 Logs .......................................................................................................................................... 62
5.7.1 System Log ....................................................................................................................... 62
5.7.2 Event Log .......................................................................................................................... 63
5.7.3 Net Quality Log ................................................................................................................. 64
5.7.4 Audit Log .......................................................................................................................... 64
5.7.5 Settings Log ...................................................................................................................... 65
5.7.6 Event codes ...................................................................................................................... 65
5.8 Demand .................................................................................................................................... 67
5.9 Previous Values ........................................................................................................................ 70
5.10 Load Profile .............................................................................................................................. 72
6 Technical data ........................................................................................................................ 76
6.1 Technical Specifications ........................................................................................................... 77
6.2 Physical dimensions ................................................................................................................. 81
7 Measurement Methods ......................................................................................................... 82
7.1 Measuring Energy .................................................................................................................... 83
7.1.1 Single Phase, 1-Element Metering ................................................................................... 86
7.1.2 3-Phase, 2-Element Metering .......................................................................................... 88
7.1.3 3-Phase, 3-Element Metering .......................................................................................... 90
8 Service & Maintenance .......................................................................................................... 96
8.1 Service and Maintenance ......................................................................................................... 97
9 Communication with Modbus................................................................................................ 98
9.1 Bus Description ........................................................................................................................ 99
9.2 About the Modbus Protocol ................................................................................................... 100
9.2.1 Function Code 3 (Read holding registers) ...................................................................... 100
9.2.2 Function Code 16 (Write multiple registers) .................................................................. 103
9.2.3 Function Code 6 (Write single register) ......................................................................... 104
9.3 Reading and Writing to Registers ........................................................................................... 106
9.4 Mapping Tables ...................................................................................................................... 108
9.5 Historical Data ........................................................................................................................ 119
9.5.1 Quantity identifiers ........................................................................................................ 122
9.6 Previous Values ...................................................................................................................... 127
9.6.1 Reading Previous Values ................................................................................................ 129
9.7 Demand .................................................................................................................................. 132
9.7.1 Reading Demand ............................................................................................................ 134
9.8 Event logs ............................................................................................................................... 136
9.8.1 Reading Event logs ......................................................................................................... 139
9.9 Load profile ............................................................................................................................ 140
9.9.1 Reading Load profile ...................................................................................................... 142
9.10 Configuration ......................................................................................................................... 143
9.10.1 Previous values ............................................................................................................... 143
9.10.2 Demand .......................................................................................................................... 144
9.10.3 Load profile .................................................................................................................... 148
9.10.4 Alarms ............................................................................................................................ 149
9.10.5 Inputs and outputs ......................................................................................................... 153
9.10.6 Tariffs ............................................................................................................................. 156
9.10.7 Daylight Savings Time ..................................................................................................... 165
Page 7
9.11 Communication examples ...................................................................................................... 168
7
9.11.1 Reading energy values ................................................................................................... 168
9.11.2 Reading Instrumentation values .................................................................................... 169
9.11.3 Writing parameters ........................................................................................................ 170
10 Communication with M-Bus ................................................................................................ 172
10.1 Bus Description ...................................................................................................................... 174
10.2 Protocol Description............................................................................................................... 175
10.2.1 Telegram Format ............................................................................................................ 181
10.2.2 Value Information Field codes ....................................................................................... 189
10.2.3 Communication process ................................................................................................. 193
10.3 Standard Readout of Meter Data ........................................................................................... 197
10.3.1 Example of the 1st telegram (all values are hexadecimal) ............................................. 197
10.3.2 Example of 2nd telegram (all values are hexadecimal) .................................................. 201
10.3.3 Example of 3rd telegram (all values are hexadecimal) .................................................. 205
10.3.4 Example of the 4th telegram (all values are hexadecimal) ............................................ 210
10.3.5 Example of the 5th telegram (all values are hexadecimal) ............................................ 214
10.3.6 Example of the 6th telegram (all values are hexadecimal) ............................................ 216
10.3.7 Example of the 7th telegram (all values are hexadecimal) ............................................ 220
10.3.8 Example of the 8th telegram (all values are hexadecimal ............................................. 223
10.3.9 Example of the 9th telegram (all values are hexadecimal ............................................. 226
10.4 Special Readout of Meter Data .............................................................................................. 229
10.4.1 Readout of Load Profile Data ......................................................................................... 230
10.4.2 Readout of Demand Data ............................................................................................... 238
10.4.3 Readout of Previous Values ........................................................................................... 244
10.4.4 Readout of Event Log Data ............................................................................................. 249
10.4.5 Readout of Current Harmonics ...................................................................................... 255
10.4.6 Readout of Voltage Harmonics ...................................................................................... 265
10.5 Sending Data to the Meter ..................................................................................................... 274
10.5.1 Set tariff .......................................................................................................................... 274
10.5.2 Set primary address ....................................................................................................... 275
10.5.3 Change baud rate ........................................................................................................... 275
10.5.4 Reset power fail counter ................................................................................................ 276
10.5.5 Set Current transformer (CT) ratio - primary current .................................................... 276
10.5.6 Set voltage transformer (VT) ratio - primary voltage ..................................................... 277
10.5.7 Set current transformer (CT) ratio - secondary current ................................................. 277
10.5.8 Set voltage transformer (VT) ratio - secondary voltage ................................................. 278
10.5.9 Select status information ............................................................................................... 278
10.5.10 Reset of stored state for input 1 .................................................................................... 279
10.5.11 Reset of stored state for input 2 .................................................................................... 279
10.5.12 Reset of stored state for input 3 .................................................................................... 280
10.5.13 Reset of stored state for input 4 .................................................................................... 280
10.5.14 Reset of input counter 1................................................................................................. 281
10.5.15 Reset of input counter 2................................................................................................. 281
10.5.16 Reset of input counter 3................................................................................................. 282
10.5.17 Reset of input counter 4................................................................................................. 282
10.5.18 Set output 1 .................................................................................................................... 283
10.5.19 Set output 2 .................................................................................................................... 283
10.5.20 Set output 3 .................................................................................................................... 284
10.5.21 Set output 4 .................................................................................................................... 284
10.5.22 Reset power outage time ............................................................................................... 285
10.5.23 Send password ............................................................................................................... 285
10.5.24 Set password .................................................................................................................. 285
10.5.25 Set date and time ........................................................................................................... 286
10.5.26 Set date .......................................................................................................................... 287
10.5.27 Reset demand, previous values, load profile and logs ................................................... 287
10.5.28 Reset resettable active energy import ........................................................................... 288
10.5.29 Reset resettable active energy export ........................................................................... 288
10.5.30 Reset resettable reactive energy import........................................................................ 289
10.5.31 Reset resettable reactive energy export ........................................................................ 289
Page 8
10.5.32 Freeze demand ............................................................................................................... 290
8
10.5.33 Set write access level ..................................................................................................... 290
10.5.34 Set tariff source .............................................................................................................. 291
10.5.35 Set CO2 conversion factor .............................................................................................. 291
10.5.36 Set currency conversion factor ...................................................................................... 292
11 Troubleshooting .................................................................................................................. 293
11.1 Error, warnings and information codes ................................................................................. 294
Page 9
9
Product Overview
1 Product Overview
Overview This chapter describes the parts of the meter and the different meter types.
In this chapter The following topics are covered in this chapter:
1 Product Overview .................................................................................................................... 9
1.1 Meter Parts .............................................................................................................................. 10
1.2 Meter Types ............................................................................................................................. 12
Page 10
Item
Description
Comments
1
Terminal for communication connection
2
Terminal for input/output connection
3
Sealing point.
Seal thread can be used to seal the
cover.
4
Sealable terminal cover
Protective cover with printed wiring
diagram on the inside.
5
LED
Flashes in proportion to the energy
measured.
6
Set button
Enter configuration mode
7
Sealable terminal cover
Protective cover with printed wiring
diagram on the inside
8
Terminal block
Terminal for all voltages and
currents
9
Sealable cover
To protect the LCD and seal the set
button
10
Product data
Contains data about the meter type
10
Product Overview
1.1 Meter Parts
Illustration The parts of the meter are shown in the illustration below:
Parts description The following table describes the parts of the meter:
Page 11
Item
Description
Comments
11
OK button
Perform an action or choose a menu
12
Down button
Toggle down (toggle right in the
main menu)
13
Up button
Toggle up (toggle left in the main
menu)
14
Exit button
Exit to the previous menu or toggle
between default and main menu.
15
Display
LCD for meter reading
16
Optical communication interface
For IR communication
17
Sealing
11
Product Overview
Page 12
Main groups
The A43/A44 meters are divided into two main groups:
• Direct connected meters for currents up to maximum 80A.
• Transformer connected meters for currents > 80A using external current
transformers with secondary current up to maximum 6A and optional
voltage transformers.
Subgroups
The main meter groups are further divided into subgroups depending on the
func
tionality of the respective meter:
Subgroup
Functionality
Platinum
Active energy, Reactive energy, Apparent energy, Import/export of energy,
Resettable energy registers, Harmonics, Configurable I/O (except the
690V meter which has fixed I/O), Advanced clock functions (load profiles),
Basic clock functions (Tariff control, Previous values, Max/min demand,
Event log), Class 0.5 or Class 1, Tariffs, Fixed I/O, Pulse output/alarm
Gold
Active energy, Reactive energy, Apparent energy, Import/export of energy,
Resettable energy registers, Basic clock functions (Tariff control, Previous
values, Max/min. demand, Event log), Class 0.5 or Class 1, Tariffs, Fixed
I/O, Pulse output/alarm
Silver
Active energy, Reactive energy, Apparent energy, Import/export of energy,
Resettable energy registers, Class 0.5 or Class 1, Tariffs, Fixed I/O, Active
energy, Pulse output/alarm
Bronze
Active energy, Reactive energy, Apparent energy, Import/export of energy,
Class 1, Pulse output/alarm
12
Product Overview
1.2 Meter Types
Steel Active energy import, Class 1, Pulse output/alarm
Page 13
Item
Description
1
Import/export of energy
2
3-element metering
3
2-element metering
4
1-element metering
5
LED
6
Pulse output
7
Protective class II
8
Declaration of product safety
9
Type designation
10
Serial number
11
Accuracy active energy
12
Accuracy reactive energy
13
Voltage
14
Current
15
Frequency
16
LED pulse frequency
17
Pulse frequency
18
Temperature range
13
Product Overview
Product label
Product label
information
The meter type information that is reflected on the labels on the meter is
shown in the picture below:
The information on the product label is explained in the table below:
23
Page 14
Item
Description
19
Date of manufacture (year and week)
20
ABB ID
21
Notified body
22
MID and year of verification
A 4 3 1 1 2 - 1 0 0
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10
11
Enclosure - 7 DIN, 4 DIN Advanced
A
Enclosure - 4 DIN, 2 DIN Basic Low
B Enclosure - 3 DIN, 1 DIN Competitive
C
Electronics - Competitive
1
Electronics - Basic Low
2
Electronics - Advanced
4
Single phase direct connected
1
Single phase indirect connected
2
Three phase direct connected
3
Three phase indirect connected
4
Functionality level - Iron
0
Functionality level - Steel
1
Functionality level - Bronze
2
Functionality level - Silver
3
Functionality level - Gold
4
Functionality level - Platinum
5
Accuracy class 1.0
1
Accuracy class 2.0
2
Accuracy class 0.5
5
Interface - No interface
0
Interface - IR port only
1
Interface - RS-485 port
2
Interface - M-Bus
3
IEC approved + MID approved and verified
1
IEC approved + GOST approved and verified
2
IEC approved
3
CCC approved (China)
4
ABB standard version
0
Industrial version
1
Rail application version
2 ABB standard version
0
Customer specific version 1
1
………………………
…
………………………
…
Customer specific version 9
9
Customer specific version A
A
Customer specific version B
B
………………………
…
14
Product Overview
23 Caution, refer to accompanying documents
Type Designation Below the type designation with its different fields are described.
Page 15
15
Installation
2 Installation
Overview This chapter describes how to mount the A43/A44 meters and how to connect
them to an electricity network. The chapter also contains information about how
to perform a basic configuration of the meter and how to connect I/O and
communication options.
In this chapter The following topics are covered in this chapter:
2 Installation ............................................................................................................................ 15
2.1 Mounting the Meter ................................................................................................................ 16
2.2 Environmental Considerations ................................................................................................. 18
2.3 Installing the Meter .................................................................................................................. 19
2.3.1 Configuring the meter ...................................................................................................... 20
2.4 Wiring Diagrams ....................................................................................................................... 21
2.4.1 Direct connected meters .................................................................................................. 21
2.4.2 Transformer connected meters without voltage transformer ......................................... 22
2.4.3 Transformer connected meters with voltage transformer .............................................. 23
2.4.4 Inputs/outputs ................................................................................................................. 24
2.4.5 Communication ................................................................................................................ 25
Page 16
General
This section describes different ways to mount the A43/A44 meters. For some
methods of mounting additional accessories are needed. For further information
about accessories, refer to the Main Catalog (2CMC480001C0201).
DIN-rail mounted
The A43/A44 meters are intended to be mounted on a DIN-rail (DIN 50022). If
this method of mounting is used no extra accessories are needed and the meter is
fastened by snapping the DIN-rail lock onto the rail.
DIN-rail
The following picture shows a DIN-rail.
16
Installation
2.1 Mounting the Meter
Wall mounted The recommended way to mount the meter on a wall is to mount a separate DIN-
rail on the wall and then mount the meter on the rail.
Page 17
Installation
17
Flush mounted To flush-mount the meter a flush-mount kit should be used.
Flush-mount kit The following picture shows a flush-mount kit.
Page 18
Installation
18
2.2 Environmental Considerations
Ingress protection
IP 20 on terminal block without protective enclosure and IP 51 in protective
enclosure, according to IEC 60529.
Mechanical environment
In accordance with the Measuring Directive (2014/32/UE), the product complies
with M2, which means that it can be operated in “...locations with significant or
high levels of vibration and shock, e.g. transmitted from machines and passing
vehicles in the vicinity or adjacent to heavy machines, conveyor belts, etc.”
Electromagnetic environment
In accordance with the Measuring Directive (2014/32/UE), the product
complies with E2, which means that it can be operated “ ...in locations with
electromagnetic disturbances corresponding to those likely to be found in other
industrial buildings.”
Climatic environment
In order to work properly the product should not be operated outside the specified
temperature range of -40°C - +70°C.
In order to work properly the product should not exposed to humidity exceeding
the specified 75% yearly average, 95% on 30 days/year.
The product is made for indoor use only.
Page 19
Step
Action
1
Switch off the mains power.
2
Place the meter on the DIN-rail and make sure it snaps onto it.
3
Strip the cable insulation to the length that is indicated on the meter.
4
Connect the cables according to the wiring diagram that is printed on the meter
and tighten the screws (3.0 Nm for direct connected meters and 1.5 Nm for
transformer connected meters).
5
Install the circuit protection. See table 2:1 below for the correct fuse.
6
If inputs/outputs are used, connect the cables according to the wiring diagram
that is printed on the meter and tighten the screws (0.25 Nm). Then connect to
an external power supply (max 240V).
7
If communication is used, connect the cables according to the wiring diagram
that is printed on the meter and tighten the screws (0.25 Nm).
19
Installation
2.3 Installing the Meter
Warning – Electrical equipment should only be installed, accessed, serviced
and maintained by qualified electrical personnel.
Working with high voltage is potentially lethal. Persons subjected to high voltage
may suffer cardiac arrest, burn injuries, or other severe injuries. To avoid such
injuries, make sure to disconnect the power supply before you start the installation.
Warning – For safety reasons it is recommended that the equipment is installed in a
way that makes it impossible to reach or touch the terminal blocks by accident.
The best way to make a safe installation is to install the unit in an enclosure. Further,
access to the equipment should be limited through use of lock and key, controlled by
qualified electrical personnel.
Warning – The meters must always be protected by fuses on the incoming side.
In order to allow for maintenance of transformer rated meters, it is recommended that
there should be a short circuiting device installed near the meter. Alternatively a CT with
short circuiting terminals is used to short circuiting the secondary current during
maintenance. The reason for short circuit the secondary current during maintenance is
that a very high voltage will be induced across the terminals if current is flowing through
the CT primary and any secondary terminal is disconnected. This high voltage can be
potentially lethal and can damage the CT or other equipment.
Utilization category
IEC 62052-31
A43: Utilization Category UC2
A44: Utilization Category UC1
Cable type Cable type connected to the voltage/current terminals shall be solid or stranded copper
cable. When using stranded cable end ferrules can be used.
Install the meter Follow the steps in the table below to install and verify the installation of the
meter:
Verify the installation
Page 20
Step
Action
8
Check that the meter is connected to the specified voltage and that voltage
phase connections and the neutral (if used) are connected to the correct termi-
nals.
9
For a transformer connected meter, check that the current direction of the pri-
mary and secondary current of the external transformers is correct. Also check
that the transformers are connected to the correct meter terminals.
10
Switch on the power. If a warning symbol is displayed, refer to the error codes
in Troubleshooting.
11
Under the menu item "Instantaneous Values" on the meter, check that the volt-
ages, currents, power and power factors are reasonable and that the power
direction is what to be expected (the total power should be positive for a load
that
consumes energy). When doing the check the meter should be connected
to the intended load, preferably a load with a current above zero on all phases
to make the check as complete as possible.
Meter type
Max circuit protection
Direct connected
80
A MCB, C characteristic or 80 A fuse type gL-gG
Transformer connected
10
A MCB, B characteristic or Diazed, fast.
Parameter
Direct connected meters
Transformer connected meters
Clock
---
---
Ratios VT
---
1/1
Ratios CT
---
5/5
Number of wires
4
4
Pulse frequency
100 impulses / kWh (kvarh)
10 impulses / kWh (kvarh)
Pulse length
100 ms
100 ms
20
Installation
Circuit protection Use the information in this table to select the correct fuse for the circuit protec-tion.
Table: 2:1
2.3.1 Configuring the meter
Default settings For information about how to change the default settings of the meter, refer to the
chapter called Meter Settings.
Default settings The following table lists the default settings of the meter that normally need to be
changed. Check the settings of the meter to see if they need to be reconfigured.
Page 21
General
This section describes how to connect the different types of meters to an electric-
ity network. The terminal numbers in the wiring diagrams listed below
correspond to the marking on the terminal block of the meter.
1
3 4 6 7 9
10
12
L1
L2
L3
N
1
3 4 6 7 9
10
12
L1
L2
L3
3
6
9
10 12
1
4
7
21
Installation
2.4 Wiring Diagrams
2.4.1 Direct connected meters
4-wire connection The following diagram shows a 4-wire connection of a direct connected 3-phase
meter:
3-wire connection The following diagram shows a 3-wire connection of a direct connected 3-phase
meter:
2-wire connection The following diagram shows a 2-wire connection of a direct connected 3-phase
meter:
L
N
Page 22
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
11
S1
S2
P1
P2
L1
P1
P1
L2
L3
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11
L
P1
N
22
Installation
2.4.2 Transformer connected meters without voltage transformer
4-wire connection The following diagram shows a 4-wire connection of a transformer connected 3-
phase meter:
3-wire connection The following diagram shows a 3-wire connection of a transformer connected 3-
phase meter:
2-wire connection The following diagram shows a 2-wire connection of a transformer connected 3-phase
meter:
S1 S2
P1 P2
Page 23
23
Installation
2.4.3 Transformer connected meters with voltage transformer
4-wire connection The following diagram shows a 4-wire connection of a transformer connected 3-
phase meter with voltage transformers:
3-wire connection The following diagram shows a 3-wire connection of a transformer connected 3-
phase meter with voltage transformers:
Page 24
inputs
24
Installation
2-wire connection The following diagram shows a 2-wire connection of a transformer connected 3-
phase meter with voltage transformers:
2.4.4 Inputs/outputs
2 outputs, 2
4 configurable
Inputs/outputs
Page 25
1 output, 1 Input
(on A44 xxx x1x)
25
Installation
1 output
C Out1 NC NC NC
13 15
2.4.5 Communication
RS-485
M-Bus
Page 26
26
User Interface
3 User Interface
Overview This chapter describes the different display views and the menu structure.
In this chapter The following topics are covered in this chapter:
3 User Interface ........................................................................................................................ 26
3.1 Display ...................................................................................................................................... 27
Page 27
General
The display contains two main views, the Default menu and the Main menu. Use
the Exit button to toggle between the views. In both views a number status
icons are displayed in the upper part of the display. These icons are explained in
table 3:1 below. In the same manner the bottom part of the display has an explan-
atory text to describe what is shown or highlighted at the moment.
Default menu
The following image shows an example of the layout of the Default menu:
Page
Unit
Text on display
Explaining text
1/25
kWh
ACT.NRG.IMP.TOT
Measures the total
imported active en-
ergy
2/25
kWh
ACT.NRG.EXP.TOT
Measures the total
exported active en-
ergy
3/25
kWh
ACT.NRG.NET.TOT
Measures the total
net active energy
4/25
kvarh
REACT.NRG.IMP.TOT
Measures the total
imported reactive en-
ergy
5/25
kvarh
REACT.NRG.EXP.TOT
Measures the total
exported reactive en-
ergy
6/25
kvarh
REACT.NRG.NET.TOT
Measures the total
net reactive energy
7/25
kVAh
APP.NRG.IMP.TOT
Measures the total
imported apparent
energy
8/25
kVAh
APP.NRG.EXP.TOT
Measures the total
exported apparent
energy
27
User Interface
3.1 Display
Energy values The table below explains the content of 25 available pages in the Default menu.
Depending on meter type, all or a subset of the pages can be present.
Page 28
User Interface
Page
Unit
Text on display
Explaining text
9/25
kVAh
APP.NRG.NET.TOT
Measures the total
net apparent energy
10/25
kWh
ACT.NRG.IMP.TAR1
Measures the im-
ported active energy
for tariff 1
11/25
kWh
ACT.NRG.IMP.TAR2
Measures the im-
ported active energy
for tariff 2
12/25
kWh
ACT.NRG.IMP.TAR3
Measures the im-
ported active energy
for tariff 3
13/25
kWh
ACT.NRG.IMP.TAR4
Measures the im-
ported active energy
for tariff 4
14/25
kWh
ACT.NRG.EXP.TAR1
Measures the ex-
ported active energy
for tariff 1
15/25
kWh
ACT.NRG.EXP.TAR2
Measures the ex-
ported active energy
for tariff 2
16/25
kWh
ACT.NRG.EXP.TAR3
Measures the ex-
ported active energy
for tariff 3
17/25
kWh
ACT.NRG.EXP.TAR4
Measures the ex-
ported active energy
for tariff 4
18/25
kvarh
REACT.NRG.IMP.TAR1
Measures the im-
ported reactive en-
ergy for tariff 1
19/25
kvarh
REACT.NRG.IMP.TAR2
Measures the im-
ported reactive en-
ergy for tariff 2
20/25
kvarh
REACT.NRG.IMP.TAR3
Measures the im-
ported reactive en-
ergy for tariff 3
21/25
kvarh
REACT.NRG.IMP.TAR4
Measures the im-
ported reactive en-
ergy for tariff 4
22/25
kvarh
REACT.NRG.EXP.TAR1
Measures the ex-
ported reactive en-
ergy for tariff 1
23/25
kvarh
REACT.NRG.EXP.TAR2
Measures the ex-
ported reactive en-
ergy for tariff 2
24/25
kvarh
REACT.NRG.EXP.TAR3
Measures the ex-
ported reactive en-
ergy for tariff 3
25/25
kvarh
REACT.NRG.EXP.TAR4
Measures the ex-
ported reactive en-
ergy for tariff 4
28
Page 29
Icon
Indication
Active quadrant
29
User Interface
Status Icons
Main menu
The status icons that can be seen the display are explained in the following table.
Table: 3:1
Communication is in progress. The meter is either
send-ing or receiving information
Rotates when metering in progress, that is when at least
one of the phase currents is above the starting current.
Arrows indicate direction of current per phase. Arrow left =
export, arrow right = import. A digit without arrow indicates
that the current is below the starting current.on that phase
Active tariff
Error, warning, note
Transformer ratio (only on transformer rated meters)
The following image shows an example of the layout of the main menu:
Main menu icons Depending on the meter type all or a subset of the following icons may be avail-
able in the display:
Icon Explanation
Energy registers
Instantaneous values
Stored values
Harmonics
I/O
Page 30
Active Energy Import
Active Power
Previous Values
THD Voltage
I/O 1
System Log
Clock
Total, L1-L3
Active Energy Export
Reactive Power
Load Profiles
Harmonics Volt-
I/O 2
Event Log
Ratios
Total, L1-L3
age L1-L3
Active Energy Net To-
Apparent Power
Demand
THD Current
I/O 3
Net Quality
Wires
tal, L1-L3
Log
Reactive Energy Im-
Phase Voltage
Harmonics Cur-
I/O 4
System Sta-
Pulse Output
port Total, L1-L3
rent L1-L3
tus
Reactive Energy Ex-
Main Voltage
Audit Log
I/O
port Total, L1-L3
Reactive Energy Net
Current
About
Alarm
Total, L1-L3
Apparent Energy Im-
Frequency
Settings Log
Currency/CO
2
port Total, L1-L3
Apparent Energy Ex-
Power Factor
RS-485
port Total, L1-L3
Apparent Energy Net
Phase Angle
IR Side
Total, L1-L3
Power
Active Energy Import
Phase Angle Volt-
Wireless
Tariffs
age
Active Energy Export
Phase Angle Cur-
Upgrade Consent
Tariffs
rent
Reactive Energy Im-
Current Quadrant
Pulse LED
port Tariffs
Reactive Energy Ex-
Tariff
port Tariffs
Resettable Active En-
Previous Values
ergy Import Total
Resettable Active En-
Load profiles
ergy Export Total
Resettable Reactive
Demand
Energy Import Total
30
User Interface
Main menu
structure
Icon Explanation
Status
Settings
The following table describes the main menu structure and its content.
Depending on meter type, all or a subset of the items can be present.
Page 31
User Interface
Resettable Reactive
Resettable regis-
Energy Import Total
ters
Currency
CO
2
31
Page 32
In this chapter
The following topics are covered in this chapter:
32
Meter Settings
4 Meter Settings
Overview This chapter gives an overview of the meter settings and configuration options.
4 Meter Settings ....................................................................................................................... 32
4.1 Settings and Configurations ..................................................................................................... 33
4.1.1 Setting Date ...................................................................................................................... 33
4.1.2 Setting Time ..................................................................................................................... 34
4.1.3 Setting Ratios ................................................................................................................... 34
4.1.4 Setting Wires .................................................................................................................... 34
4.1.5 Setting Pulse Output ........................................................................................................ 34
4.1.6 Setting I/O ........................................................................................................................ 35
4.1.7 Setting Alarm .................................................................................................................... 36
4.1.8 Setting Currency/CO2 ....................................................................................................... 38
4.1.9 Setting M-Bus ................................................................................................................... 38
4.1.10 Setting RS-485 .................................................................................................................. 38
4.1.11 Setting IR Side .................................................................................................................. 39
4.1.12 Setting Upgrade Consent ................................................................................................. 42
4.1.13 Setting Pulse LED .............................................................................................................. 42
4.1.14 Setting Tariff ..................................................................................................................... 42
4.1.15 Setting Previous Values .................................................................................................... 43
4.1.16 Setting Load Profile .......................................................................................................... 43
4.1.17 Setting Demand ................................................................................................................ 44
4.1.18 Resetting Resettable Registers ......................................................................................... 44
Page 33
Configurable
Depending on the meter type, all or a subset of the following functions can be
functions
configured:
•
Clock
•
Ratios
•
Wires
•
Pulse output (Pul.Out.) on display
•
I/O Pulse output (Pul.Out.) on display
•
Alarm
•
Currency/CO2 (Curr/CO2) on display
•
M-Bus
•
RS-485
•
IR Side
•
Wireless (W-less on display)
•
Upgrade Consent (Upgr.Cons) on display
•
Pulse LED (Puls.LED) on display
•
Tariff
•
Previous Values (Prev. Val. on display)
•
Load profile (Load Pro on display)
•
Demand
33
Meter Settings
4.1 Settings and Configurations
• Resettable registers (Rst.Rg on display)
Setting a value When setting a value, the button is used to activate the set option. The and
buttons are used to change the options that can be set, such as on or off. If the
set option involves setting a number, for example a alarm limit, the button is
used to increase a digit, and the button is used to decrease a digit. The
button is used to toggle between digits.The option/digit that is active for setting is
marked with a underscore. When the underscore on the last option has dissapeared, the setting has been performed.
4.1.1 Setting Date
To set the date, perform the following steps:
1. Choose the Settings icon in the main menu, press .
2. Choose “Clock”, press .
3. The display will now show the date.
4. Set the date.
Page 34
Option
Interval
Transformer Current (CT on the dis-
1-9999/1-9
play)
Transformer Voltage (VT on the dis-
1-999999/1-999
play)
1.
Choose the Settings icon in the main menu, press .
2.
Choose “Pulse out” (Pul.out on the display), press .
The display will show what type of energy is measured on pulse output 1.
Depending on meter type, the available choices are:
Act.Nrg.Imp on the display
Active energy imported
Act.Nrg.Exp on the display
Active energy exported
React.Nrg.Imp on the display
Reactive energy imported
React.Nrg.Exp on the display
Reactive energy exported
Inactive on the display
Inactive
3.
Set the energy type.
34
Meter Settings
4.1.2 Setting Time
To set the time, perform the following steps:
4.1.3 Setting Ratios
To set the ratios, perform the following steps:
Table: 4:1
1. Choose the Settings icon in the main menu, press .
2. Choose “Clock”, press .
3. The display will now show the date. Press
to get to the time-menu.
4. Set the time.
1. Choose the Settings icon in the main menu, press .
2. Choose “Ratios”, press .
3. The display will show the quantity Current (CT on the display) and the
ratio. To change the ratio, press . See table 4:1 for interval.
4. Press . The display will show the quantity Voltage (VT on the display)
and the ratio. To change the ratio, press . See table 4:1 for interval.
4.1.4 Setting Wires
The meter can either use three wires TPE or four wires TPE+N. To set the
number of wires, perform the following steps:
1. Choose the Settings icon in the main menu, press .
2. Choose “Wires”, press .
3. The display will now show the wire configuration used by the meter.
4. Set the number of wires.
4.1.5 Setting Pulse Output
To set the pulse output, perform the following steps:
Page 35
4 configurable I/Os
4 static I/Os
1 static I/O
No output
No output
No output
Out 1
Out 1
Out 1
Out 2
Out 2
-
Out 3
-
-
Out 4
-
-
Note – If choosing an I/O that is not pulse output configured, the option is set to “no
output” when pressing the button.
I/O
Available choices
4 configurable I/Os
•
Input •
Alarm out
• Communication out (Comm.out on display)
• Pulse out (Pul.out on display)
•
Tariff out
1
•
Always on
•
Always off
4 static I/Os
2
•
Alarm out
• Communication out (Comm.out on display)
• Pulse out (Pul.out on display)
•
Tariff out
3
•
Always on
•
Always off
35
Meter Settings
4. Press
once to get to the next menu. The display will show the frequency.
The interval that can be set is 0-999999 imp/kWh or 0-999999 imp/MWh.
Set the frequency and quantity.
5. Press
once to get to the next menu. The display will show the
pulse length in milliseconds. The interval for the pulse length is from
10 to 990ms. Set the pulse length.
6. Press
once to get to the next menu. The display will show the setting for
pulse output 1. Depending on the meter type, the available choices are:
4.1.6 Setting I/O
7. The first pulse output is now fully configured. Depending on the meter
type, up to four pulse outputs can be set. If your meter supports multiple
pulse outputs, use
to toggle down to the remaining pulse outputs and
set them the same way as pulse output 1.
To set the I/O, perform the following steps:
1. Choose the Settings icon in the main menu, press .
2. Choose “I/O”, press .
3. The display will now show I/O 1. To change I/O, use or
I/ O, press the button. Depending on the meter type, different choices
can be made for the I/O, see table 4:2.
Table: 4:2
. To set an
Page 36
I/O
Available choices
1 static I/O
•
Alarm out
• Communication out (Comm.out on display)
• Pulse out (Pul.out on display)
•
Tariff out
1
•
Always on
•
Always off
To set the alarm, perform the following steps:
1.
Choose the Settings icon in the main menu, press .
2.
Choose “Alarm”, press .
3.
The display will show what quantity shall be measured. Depending on the
meter type, different quantities are available. See table and table 4:3 for
available quantities and interval/units for the different quantities. Set the
desired quantity.
4.
Press once to get to the next menu. The display will show what level the
alarm will trigger on. Set the alarm level.
5.
Press once to get to the next menu. The display will show the time that
the measured value has to be higher than the limit set in the previous step
in order for the alarm to trigger. Set the time limit.
6.
Press once to get to the next menu.The display will show what level the
alarm will cease on.Set the alarm level.
7.
Press once to get to the next menu. The display will show the time that
the measured value has to be lower than the limit set in the previous step in
order for the alarm to cease. Set the time limit.
8.
Press once to get to the next menu.The display will show if the alarm
will be logged or not. The available values are “on” and “off”. Set logging
to on or off.
9.
Press once to get to the next menu. The display will show what output
the alarm is set on (or if no output is set). The available choices are
dependent on meter type, see table 4:4.
Note – If choosing an I/O that is not alarm configured, the option will be set to “no
output” when pressing the button.
36
Meter Settings
1. This choice makes it possible to control outputs by time.
2. I/O 1 and I/O 2 are set to static output by default.I/O 3 and 4 are set to static
input by default and cannot be configured. I/O 3 and I/O 4 are not shown in
the display.
3. This choice makes it possible to control fixed I/O outputs by time and thus
only available in gold meters.
4.1.7 Setting Alarm
10.The first alarm is now fully configured. Depending on the meter type,
up to 25 alarms can be set. If your meter supports multiple alarms, use
and to set the remaining alarms the same way as the first alarm was
configured.
Page 37
Alarm alternatives
Interval/Unit
Inactive
-
Active power total
1
- 9999 W/kW/MW
Reactive Power Total
1
- 9999 var/kvar/Mvar
Apparent Power Total
1
- 9999 VA/kVA/MVA
Power factor total
0.000 - 0.999
Current L1
0.01 - 99.99 A/kA
Current L2
0.01 - 99.99 A/kA
Current L3
0.01 - 99.99 A/kA
Current N
0.01 - 99.99 A/kA
Voltage L1
0.1 - 999.9 V/kV
Voltage L2
0.1 - 999.9 V/kV
Voltage L3
0.1 - 999.9 V/kV
Voltage L1-L2
0.1 - 999.9 V/kV
Voltage L2-L3
0.1 - 999.9 V/kV
Voltage L1-L3
0.1 - 999.9 V/kV
Harmonic voltage L1
0
- 999 %
Harmonic voltage L2
0
- 999 %
Harmonic voltage L3
0
- 999 %
Harmonic voltage L1-L2
0
- 999 %
Harmonic voltage L2-L3
0
- 999 %
Harmonic voltage L1-L3
0
- 999 %
Harmonic current L1
0
- 999 %
Harmonic current L2
0
- 999 %
Harmonic current L3
0
- 999 %
Active power L1
1
- 9999 W/kW/MW
Active power L2
1
- 9999 W/kW/MW
Active power L3
1
- 9999 W/kW/MW
Reactive power L1
1
- 9999 var/kvar/Mvar
Reactive power L2
1
- 9999 var/kvar/Mvar
Reactive power L3
1
- 9999 var/kvar/Mvar
Apparent power L1
1
- 9999 VA/kVA/MVA
Apparent power L2
1
- 9999 VA/kVA/MVA
Apparent power L3
1
- 9999 VA/kVA/MVA
Power factor L1
0.000-0.999
Power factor L2
0.000-0.999
Power factor L3
0.000-0.999
4 configurable I/Os
4 static I/Os
1 static I/O
No output
No output
No output
Out 1
Out 1
Out 1
37
Meter Settings
Table: 4:3
Table: 4:4
Page 38
4 configurable I/Os
4 static I/Os
1 static I/O
Out 2
Out 2
Out 3
Out 4
Step
EQ-Bus
Modbus
1
Choose the Settings icon in the
Choose the Settings icon in the
main menu, press .
main menu, press .
2
Choose communication interface.
Choose communication inter-
face.
3
Choose EQ-Bus.
Choose Modbus.
38
Meter Settings
4.1.8 Setting Currency/CO2
By setting a conversion factor for Currency/CO2, kWh is converted to
currency and/or kg CO2.
To set currency/CO2, perform the following steps:
1. Choose the Settings icon in the main menu, press .
2. Choose “Currency/CO2” (Curr/CO2 on the display), press .
3. The display will show price in currency per unit.
4. Press
5. Use to get to the next page. The page will display the CO2 emissions
6. Press
4.1.9 Setting M-Bus
To set the wired M-Bus interface, perform the following steps:
1. Choose the Settings icon in the main menu, press .
2. Choose “MBus”, press .
3. Press
4. Press
5. Press
6. Press
7. Press
4.1.10 Setting RS-485
The RS-485 uses the EQ-Bus and the Modbus protocols to communicate. To set the
RS-485 communication depending on protocol, perform the following steps:
to set the the conversion factor and the quantity.
in kg per kWh.
to set the conversion factor for CO2.
once to get to the next menu. The display will show the baudrate.
See Table 4:5 for baudrate options. Set baudrate.
once to get to the next menu. The display will show the address.
See Table 4:5 for address range. Set address.
once to get to the next menu. The display will show the access
level. See Table 4:5 for options. Set the access level.
once to get to the next menu. The display will show the Send
status info. See Table 4:5 for options. Set the send info status.
once to get to the next menu. The display will show if the
password is to be reset. See Table 4:5 for options. Set the option.
Page 39
Step
EQ-Bus
Modbus
4
Press once to get to the next
Press once to get to the next
menu. The display will show the
menu. The display will show
baudrate. See table Table 4:5 for
the baudrate. See Table 4:5 for
baudrate options. Set baudrate.
baudrate options. Set baudrate.
5
Press once to get to the next
Press once to get to the next
menu. The display will show the
menu. The display will show
address. See Table 4:5 for address
the address. See Table 4:5 for
range. Set address.
address range. Set address.
6
Press once to get to the next
Press once to get to the next
menu. The display will show the
menu. The display will show
Oct. TO. See Table 4:5 for options.
the Parity. See
Table 4:5
for op-
Set Oct. TO
tions. Set Parity.
7
Press once to get to the next
menu. The display will show the
Inac. TO. See Table 4:5 for options.
Set Inac. TO
8
Press once to get to the next
menu. The display will show if the
password is to be reset. See
Table 4:5 for options. Set the option.
Step
M-Bus
EQ-Bus
1
Choose the Settings icon in the
Choose the Settings icon in the
main menu, press .
main menu, press .
2
Choose IR Side, press .
Choose IR Side, press .
3
Press and choose M-Bus.
Press and choose EQ-Bus.
4
Press once to get to the next
Press once to get to the next
menu. The display will show the
menu. The display will show the
baudrate. See Table 4:5 for bau-
baudrate. See Table 4:5 for baudrate
drate options. Set baudrate.
options. Set baudrate.
5
Press once to get to the next
Press once to get to the next
menu. The display will show the
menu. The display will show the
address. See Table 4:5 for address
address. See Table 4:5 for address
range. Set address.
range. Set address.
6
Press once to get to the next
Press once to get to the next
menu. The display will show the
menu. The display will show the
access level. See Table 4:5 for op-
Oct. TO. See Table 4:5 for options.
tions. Set the access level.
Set Oct. TO.
39
Meter Settings
4.1.11 Setting IR Side
The IR Side uses the M-Bus and the EQ-Busi protocol to communicate. To set the
IR Side communication depending on protocol, perform the following steps:
i. EQ-Bus is a communication protocol designed for internal communication with ABB meters.
The protocol is based on the following standards; IEC 62056-42, IEC 62056-46, IEC 6205653, IEC 62056-61, IEC 62056-62.
Page 40
Meter Settings
40
A43/A44 40 2CMC48001M0201
User Manual Revision: C
Page 41
Step
M-Bus
EQ-Bus
7
Press once to get to the next
Press once to get to the next
menu. The display will show the
menu. The display will show the
Send status info. See Table 4:5 for
Inac. TO. See Table 4:5 for options.
options. Set the send info status.
Set Inac. TO.
Press once to get to the next
Press once to get to the next
menu. The display will show if the
menu. The display will show pass-
password is to be reset. See
word reset option. Set if the pass-
Table 4:5 for options. Set the op-
word shall be reset or not.
tion.
Press once to get to the next
menu. The display will show the
upgrade mode. See Table 4:5 for
options. Set the upgrade mode.
Protocol
Access
Upgrade
Send
Reset
Parity
Baudrate
Address
Inter
Inactivity
level
Mode
Status
password
octet
timeout
Info
timeout
(ms)
(ms)
EQ-Bus
- - -
Yes, No
-
1200,
16-16381
20-6000
0-2000
(when
2400,
used
4800,
through
9600,
RS-485)
19200,
38400,
57600,
115200,
125000,
230400,
250000,
460800
Modbus
- - - - None,
1200,
1-247
- - (when
Odd,
2400,
used
Even
4800,
through
9600,
RS-485)
19200,
38400,
57600,
115200
M-Bus
Open,
Active,
Always,
Yes, No
-
2400,
1-250
- - (when
Password,
Not Active
Never,
4800,
used
Closed
When
9600,
through
not OK
19200
IR-Side)
41
Meter Settings
Protocol details The following table shows the intervals and options for the different protocols:
Table: 4:5
Page 42
Protocol
Access
Upgrade
Send
Reset
Parity
Baudrate
Address
Inter
Inactivity
level
mode
Status
password
octet
timeout
Info
timeout
(ms)
(ms)
EQ-Bus
- - -
Yes, No
-
1200,
(when
2400,
used
4800,
through
9600,
IR-Side)
19200
Step
Input
Clock
Communication
1
Choose the Settings icon in
Choose the Settings icon in
Choose the Set-
the main menu, press .
the main menu, press .
tings icon in the
main menu, press
.
2
Choose “Tariff”, press .
Choose “Tariff”, press .
Choose “Tariff”,
press .
42
Meter Settings
4.1.12 Setting Upgrade Consent
Upgrade Consent can be set to Allowed or Not Allowed. Setting it to Allowed
means you agree to updates of the meter. Setting it to Not Allowed means no
upgrades will take place.
To set Upgrade Consent, perform the following steps:
1. Choose the Settings icon in the main menu, press .
2. Choose “Upgrade Consent” (Upgr.Cons on the display), press .
3. Press
to set Upgrade Consent.
4.1.13 Setting Pulse LED
To set pulse LED, perform the following steps:
1. Choose the Settings icon in the main menu, press .
2. Choose “Pulse LED” (Puls.LED on the display), press .
3. Press
to set the type of energy, active or reactive, that the LED shall
indicate on.
4.1.14 Setting Tariff
The tariff source can be set to input, clock or communication. To set the
tariffs, perform the following steps:
Page 43
Step
Input
Clock
Communication
3
Press and choose
Input.
Press and choose Clock.
Press and
If the display says
choose Comm.
“Config found
No reset”
then reset the configuration
by pressing and
choosing
“Reset”
4
Use to toggle to the first
Press to get to the next
The tariff source is
configuration. Four configu-
page.
now set for commu-
rations are available. Set
nication.
the tariff that shall be active
for each configuration.
5 - Set the desired tariffs with
-
start-time and if the tariff is to
be used or not. Up to eight
tariff switch times can be set,
four for weekdays and four
for weekends. Set at least
one tariff for weekdays
(Mon-Fri) and one for week-
ends (Sat-Sun) even if the
values are the same.
Page
Quantity
On display
Predefined
value
1/8
Active Energy Imported total
Act.Imp.Tot
1 hours
2/8
Active Energy Exported Total
Act.Exp.Tot
1 hours
3/8
Reactive Energy Imported Total
React.Imp.Tot
1 hours
4/8
Reactive Energy Exported Total
React.Exp.Tot
1 hours
5/8
Input Counter 1
Inp.Ctr 1
1 hours
6/8
Input Counter 2
Inp.Ctr 2
1 hours
43
Meter Settings
4.1.15 Setting Previous Values
To set set the previous values, perform the following steps:
1. Choose the Settings icon in the main menu, press .
2. Choose “Previous Values” (Prev.Val. on the display), press .
3. Perform the setting. The options are day, week and month.
4. If setting week, use
5. Set what week-day the snapshot of the values will be taken.
4.1.16 Setting Load Profile
To set the load profile, perform the following steps:
1. Choose the Settings icon in the main menu, press .
2. Choose “Load Profiles” (Load Pro on the display), press .
3. The first page will show the interval for the quantity active energy
imported (Act.Imp.Tot on the display). Up to eight channels (pages) are
available to configure, see table below.
to go to the next step.
Page 44
Page
Quantity
On display
Predefined
value
7/8
Input Counter 3
Inp.Ctr 3
1 hours
8/8
Input Counter 4
Inp.Ctr 4
1 hours
Register
On the display
Active Energy Imported Total
Act.Imp
Active Energy Exported Total
Act.Exp
Reactive Energy Imported Total
Rea.Imp
Reactive Energy Exported Total
Rea.Exp
Reset all
All
44
Meter Settings
4. Configure the desired channels.
When a configuration has been made, a reset may be required in order to
perform a new configuration. To reset the intervals, toggle down to the reset
page and perform a reset the same way as performing a setting.
4.1.17 Setting Demand
The demand function enables measuring of up to 50 values (channels) . Step 16 are general for the function and step 7-9 are specific for each channel.
To set the demand, perform the following steps:
1. Choose the Settings icon in the main menu, press .
2. Choose “Demand” (Demand on the display), press .
3. Set the period. The available choices are day, week and month. If choosing
4. Set the interval that shall be measured. Press
5. Set the subinterval that shall be measured. Press
6. Set if the previous settings shall be reset. Press
7. Set the quantity that shall be measured. Press
8. Set the demand type. Press
9. The demand level will be set automatically.
The first channel is now set. To set the next channel, repeat step 3-9. Up to
50 channels can be set.
day, the starting point will be now and the ending point will be 00:00. If
choosing month, the starting point will be now and the ending point will be
the first of next month at 00:00. If choosing week, the starting point will be
now and the ending point will be the set day at 00:00. If choosing week,
press
to get to the page where the day is set. Press .
to continue.
to continue.
to continue.
to continue.
to continue.
4.1.18 Resetting Resettable Registers
To reset registers, perform the following steps:
1. Choose the Settings icon in the main menu, press .
2. Choose “Resettable registers” (Rst.Reg on the display), press .
3. The display will show the different registers to reset. Depending on the
meter type, the available choices are:
4. Toggle through the pages and reset the desired registers.
Page 45
45
Technical Description
5 Technical Description
Overview This chapter contains technical descriptions of the meter functions. Depending
of the meter type, the meter may contain all or a subset of the functions
described in this chapter.
In this chapter The following topics are covered in this chapter:
5 Technical Description ............................................................................................................. 45
5.1 Energy Values ........................................................................................................................... 46
5.2 Instrumentation ....................................................................................................................... 48
5.3 Harmonics ................................................................................................................................ 50
5.3.1 Measuring Harmonics ...................................................................................................... 52
5.4 Alarm ........................................................................................................................................ 54
5.5 Inputs and Outputs .................................................................................................................. 56
5.5.1 Tariff Inputs ...................................................................................................................... 56
5.5.2 Pulse Outputs ................................................................................................................... 57
5.5.2.1 Pulse Frequency and Pulse length ............................................................................ 57
5.6 Internal Clock ........................................................................................................................... 60
5.7 Logs .......................................................................................................................................... 62
5.7.1 System Log ....................................................................................................................... 62
5.7.2 Event Log .......................................................................................................................... 63
5.7.3 Net Quality Log ................................................................................................................. 64
5.7.4 Audit Log .......................................................................................................................... 64
5.7.5 Settings Log ...................................................................................................................... 65
5.7.6 Event codes ...................................................................................................................... 65
5.8 Demand .................................................................................................................................... 67
5.9 Previous Values ........................................................................................................................ 70
5.10 Load Profile .............................................................................................................................. 72
Page 46
46
Technical Description
5.1 Energy Values
General
The energy values are stored in energy registers. The different energy registers
can be divided into:
• Registers containing active, reactive or apparent energy
•
• Registers containing net energy
• Registers containing different tariffs
• Registers containing total energy and energy per phase
• Resettable registers (possible to set to zero via buttons or communication
• Registers containing momentary or historical value
Registers containing imported or exported energy.
command)
Energy calculation method
The energy values can be read via communication or directly in the display with
the help of the buttons.
Import energy registers increments when the power is positive and export
energy registers increments when power is negative. All import and export
registers are positive (or zero) and will either increment or stand still.
Net energy registers contains the import minus the export register for
corresponding registers and can be positive or negative. Note that meters of
steel type (type designation A43/A44 1xx-xxx) only contain import registers.
The ABB EQ meters use the vector registration method for computation of
energy. In the vector registration method the instantaneous energy
consumption of the measuring elements (the three phases in 3-phase 4-wire
metering) is summed up to the total register. If the sum is positive the import
register is incremented and if the sum is negative the export register is
incremented. Say for example that the power in the three phases are L1: +1
kW, L2: -1 kW and L3: +1 kW. The total power will then be 1 – 1 + 1= 1 kW
and the total import register will increase at a rate of 1 kWh each hour and
the total export register will stand still. If the power in the three phases
instead are L1: +1 kW, L2: -1 kW and L3: -1 kW the total power will be 1 - 1
-1= -1 kW and the total export register will increase with the rate of 1 kWh
each hour and the total import register will stand still.
Note that if a 3-phase load with neutral have connections between the phases
that have a power factor smaller than 0.5, that is constitute a mainly reactive
load, the power in single phases can be negative even if the 3-phase load is
consuming energy. The total power and energy will however always be
positive for a 3-phase load that is consuming energy.
Note also that the sum of the per phase registers will be bigger than the total
register if the power in the phases contains a mix of both positive and
negative power. In applications where the load is a 3-phase load the total
registers should always be used for billing
Page 47
Technical Description
47
Primary value In transformer connected meters with external current transformers, and
The per phase energy registers works as separate single phase meters for
its respective phase and the import registers will increment when the
power is positive, and the export registers will increment when the power
is negative. The per phase registers should only be used for billing in
applications where the loads are pure single phase loads.
sometimes also external voltage transformers, the total transformer ratio is
taken into account for all energy registers, that is all energy registers store
Presentation of register values
primary values.
n direct connected meters the energy is usually displayed with 7 digits in kWh/
I
kvarh/KVAh with two decimals and displays one decimal less at overflow, that
is it changes to one decimal at 100000.0 kWh and to no decimals at 1000000
kW
h.
In transformer connected meters where primary values are displayed, the energy
values can be rather big when the total transformer ratio is big. Normally the
meter automatically adapts the unit and number of decimals displayed to the
value.
In case the energy is displayed with fixed units and number of decimals the
energy will "roll over" to zeros when the energy is incremented if all nines are
displayed. The meter can however contain more digits internally, which can be
read out via communication if the meter is equipped with a communication
interface. See the example below where the value 2483756 is displayed, while
the internal register contains 192483756.6.
Image The following picture shows a display with fixed unit and numbers of decimals:
Page 48
Instrumentation
3-phase, 4-wire
3-phase, 3-wire
Active power, total
X
X
Active power, L1
X
X
Active power, L2
X
Active power, L3
X
X
Reactive power, Total
X
X
Reactive power, L1
X
X
Reactive power, L2
X
Reactive power, L3
X
X
Apparent power, Total
X
X
Apparent power, L1
X
X
Apparent power, L2
X
Apparent power, L3
X
X
Voltage L1 - N
X
Voltage L2 - N
X
Voltage L3 - N
X
Voltage L1 - L2
X
X
Voltage L3 - L2
X
X
Voltage L1 - L3
X
X
Current L1
X
X
Current L2
X
Current L3
X
X
Current N
X
Frequency
X
X
Power factor, Total
X
X
Power factor, L1
X
X
Power factor, L2
X
Power factor, L3
X
X
Phase angle power, Total
X
X
Phase angle power, L1
X
X
Phase angle power, L2
X
Phase angle power, L3
X
X
Phase angle voltage, L1
X
X
Phase angle voltage, L2
X
Phase angle voltage, L3
X
X
Phase angle current, L1
X
X
Phase angle current, L2
X
48
Technical Description
5.2 Instrumentation
Instrumentation The following table shows the complete instrumentation functions of the A43 and
functions A44 meters. Depending on the meter type all or a subset of the following func-
tions are available.
Page 49
Instrumentation
3-phase, 4-wire
3-phase, 3-wire
Phase angle current, L3
X
X
Current quadrant, Total
X
X
Current quadrant, L1
X
X
Current quadrant, L2
X
Current quadrant, L3
X
X
THD for voltages
X
X
Harmonics voltage L1 (number 2-16)
X
Harmonics voltage L2 (number 2-16)
X
Harmonics voltage L3 (number 2-16)
X
Harmonics voltage L1-L2 (number 2-16)
X
X
Harmonics voltage L2-L3 (number 2-16)
X
X
Harmonics voltage L1-L3 (number 2-16)
X
X
THD for currents
X
X
Harmonics current L1 (number 2-16)
X
X
Harmonics current L2 (number 2-16)
X
Harmonics current L3 (number 2-16)
X
X
Harmonics current N (number 2-16)
X
Accuracy
All instrumentation data accuracy is defined within the voltage range 20 % of the
stated nominal voltage and within the current range 5 % of the base current to the
maximum current.
The accuracy of all instrumentation data except the frequency and voltage and
current phase-angles is the same as the stated energy metering accuracy. The ac-
curacy for the voltage and current phase-angles is 2 degrees and 0.5 % for the
frequency.
49
Technical Description
Page 50
50
Technical Description
5.3 Harmonics
General The presence of harmonics in voltages and currents may cause a number of un-
Generation of harmonics
wanted problems. This chapter describes the origin of harmonics, how the negative effects of harmonics can be eliminated and how harmonics is measured.
The harmonics data can be read via communication or directly in the display with
the help of the buttons.
Generators in the power system produce a nearly pure sinusoidal voltage with a
frequency near the stated system frequency, normally 50 or 60 Hz. Linear loads,
consisting of pure resistors, capacitors and inductors, draw a pure sinusoidal current if the voltage over the load is pure sinusoidal.
A non-linear load, however, draws non-sinusoidal current resulting in a current
consisting of several frequencies. One example of a common non-linear load are
power supplies in electronic equipment which normally contains rectifier diodes
which rectifies the incoming voltage and charges a capacitor. The power supply
only draws current at the top of the sine wave when the rectified voltage exceeds
the voltage over the capacitor. Another example of a non linear load is a thyristor
controlled load, where the current normally is turned on at the voltage zero crossing and turned off sometimes during the sine wave.
These currents are all non-sinusoidal and can be divided into a fundamental part,
which is the same as the mains frequency, and high frequency parts, that is harmonics, which have frequency that are integral multiples of the mains frequency.
Harmonics in the current will in turn cause harmonics in the voltage since the
mains wires and the generator have an impedance causing a voltage drop that is
proportional to the current. It should also be pointed out that if there is
harmonics in the voltage, also a linear load will cause harmonics in the current,
that have the same magnitude as the voltage harmonics. However, the origin of
harmonics in the voltage are non-linear loads.
Page 51
51
Technical Description
Negative effects of harmonics
The presence of harmonics in voltages and currents can cause a number of prob-
Eliminating negative effects of harmonics
Suggested actions
lems:
• Increased cable losses. At higher frequencies skin and proximity effects
increases, resulting in increased losses.
• High current in the neutral wire.
• Motor efficiency and product lifetime will decrease if the voltage contain
harmonics.
• In transformers, harmonics will cause higher wire, hysteresis and eddy
losses, which could result in efficiency losses up to 50%.
• Voltage harmonic can give higher peak voltages (higher crest factor),
causing overvoltage protection devices to trip and in worst case
destruction of devices.
• Voltage harmonic can result in decreased product lifetime and in worst
case destruction of capacitor banks (used for power factor correction).
• Voltage harmonic can cause malfunction of devices controlled by the
voltage, often zero crossings (voltage harmonics can give extra zero
crossings).
• Voltage harmonics can produce disturbances within devices having its
power supply connected to the mains causing problems.
Because of the negative effects of harmonics it may be necessary to take actions to
decrease the problems. This can be either done by decreasing the harmonics, and/or
taking actions that decrease the negative effects of the harmonics.
• Increase the size of the neutral conductor if the current is abnormally high
due to harmonics.
• Install appropriate filters to isolate loads with high current harmonics.
• Install filters to protect to protect loads that are sensitive to voltage
harmonics.
• Oversize generators, motors and transformers to better cope with
harmonics.
• Substitute equipment for equipment that generates less current harmonics
and is less sensitive to voltage harmonics.
Page 52
General
To detect and eliminate the problems related to presence of harmonics, it’s gener-
ally necessary to measure the harmonics. Meters that have harmonic measure-
ment enabled measure harmonics on all voltages and currents up to the 16th har-
monic and calculates the total harmonic distortion (THD).
Measuring
Measurement of the harmonics is done sequentially, one at a time, and approxi-
mately two harmonic numbers are measured every second.
Each harmonic is calculated according to:
where If is the fundamental current and In is the current for harmonics with num-
ber n.
At each measurement the harmonic is set to 0 if the rms value of the current is
below a certain lower limit (normally 5% of the basic current).
Folding distortion
Since the meter have limited sampling frequency, presence of harmonics over the
20:th harmonic (1 kHz at 50 Hz line frequency) will result in folding distortion
and can affect the harmonic measurement accuracy negatively.
Due to the possible presence of folding distortion and the fact that harmonics is
measured sequentially, one at a time, it is recommended that the harmonic mea-
surement results of the meter is used as a tool to detect presence of harmonics and
not as an exact instrument to get exact results.
Frequency
Measuring harmonics require a valid frequency measurement. If the frequency
measurement
measurement is uncertain, the harmonic measurement will not be performed. To
get a valid measurement the meter uses a retry scheme. If the retry scheme does
not give a valid measurement the harmonic will be marked as "not available".
52
Technical Description
5.3.1 Measuring Harmonics
and the total current harmonic distortion for the harmonics measured is
calculated according to:
Page 53
Accuracy
The accuracy of the current harmonics varies with the harmonic amplitude and is
valid only provided there is no harmonics above the 20th harmonic.
Harmonic
1% <
5% <
10% <
20% <
50% <
Number
Distortion ≤
Distortion ≤
Distortion ≤
Distortion ≤
Distortion ≤
5%
10%
20%
50%
100%
2
± 0.5%*
± 1.0
± 2%
± 4%
± 6%
3
± 0.7%*
± 1.5%
± 3%
± 6%
± 9%
4
± 1.0%
± 2.0%
± 4%
± 8%
± 12%
5
± 1.2%
± 2.5%
± 5%
± 10%
± 15%
6
± 1.5%
± 3.0%
± 6%
± 12%
± 18%
7
±1.7%
± 3.5%
± 7%
± 14%
± 21%
8
± 2.0%
± 4.0%
± 8%
± 16%
± 24%
9
± 2.5%
± 5.0%
± 10%
± 20%
± 30%
10
± 2.5%
± 5.0%
± 10%
± 20%
± 30%
11
± 2.5%
± 5.0%
± 10%
± 20%
± 30%
12
± 2.5%
± 5.0%
± 10%
± 20%
± 30%
13
± 2.5%
± 5.0%
± 10%
± 20%
± 30%
14
± 2.5%
± 5.0%
± 10%
± 20%
± 30%
15
± 2.5%
± 5.0%
± 10%
± 20%
± 30%
16
± 2.5%
± 5.0%
± 10%
± 20%
± 30%
53
Technical Description
* For distortion levels below 1% the absolute uncertainty is ± 0.5%.
Page 54
General
The purpose of the alarm function is to enable monitoring of quantities in the
meter. Monitoring can be set to high or low level detection. High level detection
gives an alarm when the level of a quantity goes above the set level. Low level
detection gives an alarm when the value goes below the set level.
It is possible to configure 25 alarms. Configuration can be done via communica-
tion or with the buttons directly on the meter.
Quantities
Depending on the meter type all or a subset of the following quantities can be
monitored:
Voltage L1
Apparent power total
Voltage L2
Apparent power L1
Voltage L3
Apparent power L2
Voltage L1-L2
Apparent power L3
Voltage L2-L3
Power factor total
Voltage L1-L3
Power factor L1
Current L1
Power factor L2
Current L2
Power factor L3
Current L3
Harmonic voltage L1
Current N
Harmonic voltage L2
Active power total
Harmonic voltage L3
Active power L1
Harmonic voltage L1-L2
Active power L2
Harmonic voltage L2-L3
Active power L3
Harmonic voltage L1-L3
Reactive power Total
Harmonic current L1
Reactive power L1
Harmonic current L2
Reactive power L2
Harmonic current L3
Reactive power L3
Harmonic current N
54
Technical Description
5.4 Alarm
Functional
description
When the value of the monitored quantity passes the activation level, and remains
there for a period of time equal or longer than the specified time delay, the alarm
is activated. In the same way, the alarm is deactivated when the value passes the
deactivation level and remains there for a time equal or longer than the specified
time delay.
If the activation level is higher than the deactivation level, the alarm is activated
when the value of the monitored quantity is higher than the activation level.
If the activation level is lower than the deactivation level, the alarm is activated
when the value of the monitored quantity is lower than the activation level.
Page 55
55
Technical Description
Page 56
Tariff control
On meters with tariff functionality, the tariffs are controlled either via communi-
cation, the internal clock or by 1 or 2 tariff inputs.
Tariff control via inputs is done by applying a proper combination of "voltage" or
"no voltage" to the input(s). Each combination of "voltage"/"no voltage" will re-
sult in that the meter will register the energy in a particular tariff register.
In combined meters with both active and reactive metering, both quantities are
controlled by the same inputs and the active tariff for active and reactive energy
will always be the same.
Indication of
The active tariff is displayed on the LCD by the text "Tx" in the status field, where
active tariff
x is the tariff number. The active tariff can also be read via communication.
Input 4
Input 3
Tariff
OFF
OFF
= T1
OFF
ON
= T2
ON
OFF
= T3
ON
ON
= T4
56
Technical Description
5.5 Inputs and Outputs
General Inputs/outputs are built with optocouplers and are galvanically isolated from
Functionality
of inputs
other meter electronics. They are polarity independent and handle both DC and
AC voltage.
An input that is not connected equals having its voltage off.
The equivalent circuitry of the outputs is an ideal relay in series with a resistor.
The inputs count pulses, register activity and current status and the data can
be read directly on the meter display or via communication
Register activity can be reset via communication or via the buttons directly on
the meter.
Functionality of The outputs can be controlled by communication, alarm or by the internal clock.
outputs
5.5.1 Tariff Inputs
Input coding, meters with 4 tariffs
The coding of the inputs is binary. The following table describes the default
cod-ing.
Page 57
Input 3
Tariff
OFF
= T1
ON
= T2
General
Pulse frequency and pulse length can be set via the buttons on the meter or via
communication. If the meter have more than 1 pulse output, all outputs will have
the same pulse frequency and pulse length.
Pulse frequency
The pulse frequency is configurable and can be set to a value between 1-9999
impulses. The value must be an integer. The unit is selectable and may be set to
imp/kWh, imp/Wh or imp/MWh.
Pulse length
The pulse length can be set to a value between 10-990 ms.
57
Technical Description
Input coding, meters with 2 tariffs
The coding of the inputs is binary. The following table describes the default
cod-ing.
5.5.2 Pulse Outputs
About pulse
outputs
Meters equipped with pulse outputs may have up to 4 outputs.
On the pulse outputs the meter sends out a specified number of pulses (pulse
frequency) per kWh (kvarh for reactive pulse outputs).
The pulse outputs are primary, which means that the pulses are sent out in proportion to the true primary energy, taking current and voltage transformer ratios (CT
and VT ratio) programmed on the meter into account.
For direct connected meters no external transformers are used and the amount
of pulses sent out are in proportion to the energy flowed through the meter.
5.5.2.1 Pulse Frequency and Pulse length
Deciding pulse frequency/length
If the power is too high for a certain pulse length and pulse frequency, there is a
risk that the pulses may go into one another. If this happens the meter will emit
a new pulse (relay closed) before the previous one has terminated (relay open)
and the pulse will be missed. In worst case the relay may be closed at all times.
To avoid this problem a calculation should be made to work out the maximum
pulse frequency allowed at a particular site based upon an estimated maximum
power and the meter’s pulse output data.
Page 58
58
Technical Description
Page 59
Formula
The formula to use for this calculation is:
Max pulse frequency = 1000*3600 / U / I /n / (Ppause + Plength)
where U and I is the estimated maximum element voltage (in volts) and current
(in amperes), n the number of elements (1 - 3). Plength and Ppause are the pulse
length and the required pulse pause (in seconds). A reasonable minimum pulse
length and pulse pause is 30 ms which conforms to the S0 and IEC standard.
Note –
U and I have to be the primary values in a transformer connected meter if the
CT and VT for the external transformers are programmed into the meter.
Example 1
In a direct connected 3-element meter with estimated maximum voltage and cur-
rent of 250 V and 65 A and pulse length 100 ms and required pulse pause 30 ms,
the maximum allowed pulse frequency will be:
1000 * 3600 / 250 / 65 / 3 / (0.030 + 0.100)) = 568 impulses / kWh (kvarh)
Example 2
In a transformer connected 3-element meter with estimated maximum voltage and
current of 63 * 100 V = 6300 V (VT ratio 100) and 6 * 50 A = 300 A (CT ratio
50) and pulse width 100 ms and required pulse pause 30 ms the maximum allowed
pulse frequency will be:
1000 * 3600 / 6300 / 300 / 3 / (0.030 + 0.100) = 6.16 impulses / kWh (kvarh)
59
Technical Description
Page 60
60
Technical Description
5.6 Internal Clock
General Meter with a built-in clock automatically keeps track of leap year and daylight
savings time (DST). The use of DST is optional.Time is controlled by a quartz
crystal real time clock.
Time and date
Time dependant
functions
Time and date can be set via communication, or with the buttons directly on
the meter.
• Load profile
• Maximum demand
• Minimum demand
• Previous values
• Event log
• Outputs controlled by time
• Tariff control
Backup of clock In case of power failure a super capacitor backs up the clock for at least 48 hours.
Page 61
61
Technical Description
Page 62
62
Technical Description
5.7 Logs
General The meter contains a total of five different logs:
• System Log
• Event Log
• Net Quality Log
• Audit log
• Settings Log
Log events can be read via communication or directly in the display of the meter.
A maximum of 200 log events can be stored in the System Log, the Event Log
and the Net Quality Log. When the maximum number of events for a log is
reached, the oldest events will be overwritten.
A maximum of 40 log events can be stored in the Audit Log. When the
maximum number of events for this log is reached, no more events can be
stored. A new firmware upgrade attempt will be unsuccessful because no more
log events can be stored.
A maximum of 80 log events can be stored in the Settings Log. When the maximum number of events for this log is reached, no more events can be stored. A
new setting for either CT/VT or number of elements will not be accepted
because no more log events can be stored.
It is possible to delete all entries in the System Log, The Event Log and the
Net Quality Log via communication.
5.7.1 System Log
This log stores events that relate to errors in the meter.
Contents The following information is stored in an event:
• Date and time
• Event Code
• Duration
The following events are stored in this log:
• Program CRC Error - Error when checking firmware consistency.
• Persistent Storage Error - Data stored in long-term memory is corrupt.
• RTC Circuit Error - Error when trying to read date and time from real-time
clock.
Page 63
63
Technical Description
5.7.2 Event Log
This log stores events that relate to alarms and configuration warnings.
Contents The following information is stored in an event:
• Date and Time
• Event Code
• Duration
The following events are stored in this log:
• Date Not Set Warning - Date has not been configured for RTC.
• Time Not Set Warning - Time has not been configured for RTC.
• Negative Power Element 1 Warning - Element 1 measures negative power.
• Negative Power Element 2 Warning - Element 2 measures negative power.
• Negative Power Element 3 Warning - Element 3 measures negative power.
• Negative Total Power Warning - Total power is measured as negative.
• Alarm Current L1
• Alarm Current L2
• Alarm Current L3
• Alarm Current Neutral
• Alarm Active Power Total
• Alarm Active Power L1
• Alarm Active Power L2
• Alarm Active Power L3
• Alarm Reactive Power total
• Alarm Reactive Power L1
• Alarm Reactive Power L2
• Alarm Reactive Power L3
• Alarm Apparent power Total
• Alarm Apparent power L1
• Alarm Apparent power L2
• Alarm Apparent power L3
• Alarm Power Factor Total
• Alarm Power Factor L1
• Alarm Power Factor L2
• Alarm Power Factor L3
Page 64
64
Technical Description
5.7.3 Net Quality Log
This log stores alarms and information that relates to net quality.
Contents The following events are stored in this log
• U1 Missing Warning - U1 is missing
• U2 Missing Warning - U2 is missing
• U3 Missing Warning - U3 is missing
• Frequency Warning - Net frequency is not stable
• Alarm Voltage L1
• Alarm Voltage L2
• Alarm Voltage L3
• Alarm Voltage L1-L2
• Alarm Voltage L2-L3
• Alarm Voltage L1-L3
• Alarm Harmonic Voltage L1
• Alarm Harmonic Voltage L2
• Alarm Harmonic Voltage L3
• Alarm Harmonic Voltage L1-L2
• Alarm Harmonic Voltage L2-L3
• Alarm Harmonic Voltage L1-L3
5.7.4 Audit Log
The Audit Log stores an event after an attempt has been made to upgrade
the firmware.
Contents The following information is stored in an event:
• Date and Time
• Firmware version
• Active Energy import
• Active Energy import L1
• Active Energy import L2
• Active Energy import L3
• Active Energy import Tariff 1
• Active Energy import Tariff 2
• Active Energy import Tariff 3
• Active Energy import Tariff 4
• Active Energy Export
• Firmware Upgrade status
Page 65
Description
The following table describes the event codes that may occur in the System log,
the Event log and the Net quality log:
Event code
Event
41
Program CRC error
42
Persistent storage error
53
RTC circuit error
1000
U1 Missing Warning
1001
U2 Missing Warning
1002
U3 Missing Warning
1004
Negative Power Element 1 Warning
1005
Negative Power Element 2 Warning
1006
Negative Power Element 3 Warning
1007
Negative Total power Warning
1008
Frequency Warning
1010
Date Not Set Warning
1011
Time Not Set Warning
2013
Alarm 1 active
65
Technical Description
5.7.5 Settings Log
This log stores an event when the transformer ratio or the number of elements
are reconfigured.
Contents The following information is stored in an event:
• Date and Time
• Firmware version
• Active Energy import
• Active Energy import L1
• Active Energy import L2
• Active Energy import L3
• Active Energy import Tariff 1
• Active Energy import Tariff 2
• Active Energy import Tariff 3
• Active Energy import Tariff 4
• Active Energy Export
• CT-Value
• VT-Value
• Number of elements
5.7.6 Event codes
Page 66
Event code
Event
2014
Alarm 2 active
2015
Alarm 3 active
2016
Alarm 4 active
2017
Alarm 5 active
2018
Alarm 6 active
2019
Alarm 7 active
2020
Alarm 8 active
2021
Alarm 9 active
2022
Alarm 10 active
2023
Alarm 11 active
2024
Alarm 12 active
2025
Alarm 13 active
2026
Alarm 14 active
2027
Alarm 15 active
2028
Alarm 16 active
2029
Alarm 17 active
2030
Alarm 18 active
2031
Alarm 19 active
2032
Alarm 20 active
2033
Alarm 21 active
2034
Alarm 22 active
2035
Alarm 23 active
2036
Alarm 24 active
2037
Alarm 25 active
66
Technical Description
Page 67
67
Technical Description
5.8 Demand
General
Interval length
Storing periods
The demand functionality is used to measure and store the maximum and minimum demands of different quantities in the meter. Time is divided into
intervals of a certain length in which the mean values of a set of selected
quantities are measured.
Demand can be configured via Modbus and EQ-bus communication or via
the buttons on the meter.
Note – Before any demand values can be stored, time/date must be set.
Changing time/date will store the current period and start a new one.
If a power fail occurs that lasts over the end of an ongoing period, the period will
be stored when the meter powers up again and a new period will start. If date/time
is not set when the meter powers up again, demand will enter a waiting state until
time/date is set.
The interval lengths for demand can be one of the following: 1, 2, 5, 10, 15,
20, 30, 60 minutes.
When the last interval of an ongoing period has finished, the maximum
and/or minimum values are stored and a new period starts.
The length of a demand period can be a day, a week or a month.
Demand has 50 channels which can be configured individually. Each channel
can store up to 200 periods. A stored period contains the demand value, the
date/time of the period and the date/time of the interval when the demand value
was mea-sured. All channels use the same interval, subinterval and period
length. Individ-ual channel parameters are type of demand which have the four
choices maxi-mum, minimum, maximum sliding or minimum sliding and the
number of the demand with the three choices first, second or third (max/min).
The period/interval date and time is stored as end of period/interval. For
instance, if a period starts 2010.01.01 00:00.00 and ends 2010.01.02 00:00.00,
then the stored period will be 2010.01.02 00:00.00.
If there is no free memory space available, the oldest period will be erased
to make room for the most recent one.
Stored periods can be read via communication or directly on the display.
An ongoing period can be ended and a new one started by sending a “freeze demand” via communication.
It is also possible to erase all stored periods by sending a “Reset Demand”
com-mand via communication.
If the time is set backward within an interval the calculation of demand for that
interval is restarted if the channel is configured to store a maximum value (as the
Page 68
68
Technical Description
actual time for that interval will be longer than the interval time which could result
in a too big demand value). For the same reason the calculation of demand for an
interval is restarted if the channel is configured to store a minimum value and the
time is set forward within the interval or into another interval.
Demand values Each demand quantity is individually configurable to store up to the three highest or
lowest demand values, where each value use one demand channel configured to use
first, second and third maximum/minimum. If demand is configured to store only
one maximum interval, then only the interval with the maximum peak will be
recorded. If a demand quantity is configured to store three maximum in-tervals the
intervals with the three highest peaks are recorded.
Sliding demand A demand channel can also be configured as maximum sliding demand or mini-mum
sliding demand. A sub-interval time is set which divides the interval into a circular
array with a new mean value calculated at the end of every sub-interval. The
selectable sub-interval times for demand is a subset of the interval times and evenly
divisible with the selected interval time.
Page 69
ACTIVE POWER IMPORT TOTAL
HARMONIC VOLTAGE L1
ACTIVE POWER IMPORT L1
HARMONIC VOLTAGE L2
ACTIVE POWER IMPORT L2
HARMONIC VOLTAGE L3
ACTIVE POWER IMPORT L3
HARMONIC VOLTAGE L1-L2
REACTIVE POWER IMPORT TOTAL
HARMONIC VOLTAGE L2-L3
REACTIVE POWER IMPORT L1
HARMONIC VOLTAGE L1-L3
REACTIVE POWER IMPORT L2
CURRENT L1
REACTIVE POWER IMPORT L3
CURRENT L2
APPARENT POWER IMPORT TOTAL
CURRENT L3
APPARENT POWER IMPORT L1
HARMONIC CURRENT L1
APPARENT POWER IMPORT L2
HARMONIC CURRENT L2
APPARENT POWER IMPORT L3
HARMONIC CURRENT L3
ACTIVE POWER IMPORT TARIFF1
HARMONIC CURRENT NEUTRAL
ACTIVE POWER IMPORT TARIFF2
PULSE INPUT COUNTERS
ACTIVE POWER IMPORT TARIFF3
ACTIVE POWER IMPORT TARIFF4
REACTIVE POWER IMPORT TARIFF1
REACTIVE POWER IMPORT TARIFF2
REACTIVE POWER IMPORT TARIFF3
REACTIVE POWER IMPORT TARIFF4
VOLTAGE L1
VOLTAGE L2
VOLTAGE L3
VOLTAGE L1-L2
VOLTAGE L2-L3
VOLTAGE L1-L3
69
Technical Description
Selectable
quantities
Depending on the meter type all or a subset of the following quantities can
be selected.
The value is the mean value of the interval. The unit for the pulse input counters
are pulses per hour (for example if 2 pulses were registered in a 15 minute
interval the value for the interval will be 8 pulses per hour)
Page 70
ACTIV ENERGY IMPORT TOTAL
ACTIVE ENERGY IMPORT TARIFF3
ACTIVE ENERGY EXPORT TOTAL
ACTIVE ENERGY IMPORT TARIFF4
ACTIVE ENERGY IMPORT L1
REACTIVE ENERGY IMPORT TARIFF1
ACTIVE ENERGY IMPORT L2
REACTIVE ENERGY IMPORT TARIFF2
ACTIVE ENERGY IMPORT L3
REACTIVE ENERGY IMPORT TARIFF3
ACTIVE ENERGY EXPORT L1
REACTIVE ENERGY IMPORT TARIFF4
ACTIVE ENERGY EXPORT L2
REACTIVE ENERGY EXPORT TARIFF1
ACTIVE ENERGY EXPORT L3
REACTIVE ENERGY EXPORT TARIFF2
REACTIVE ENERGY IMPORT TOTAL
REACTIVE ENERGY EXPORT TARIFF3
70
Technical Description
5.9 Previous Values
General
Storing periods
Selectable
quantities
At the end of a defined period, up to 50 configurable channels, which can contain
energy register values, input counter values and currency/CO2 values, are stored
together with the time/date for the end of the period.
Previous values can be configured via Modbus and EQ-bus communication or
via the buttons on the meter.
Note – Before any previous values can be stored, time/date must be set.
Changing time/date into another period than the pending period will store
the current period and start a new one.
If a power fail occurs that lasts over the end of an ongoing period, the period will
be stored when the meter powers up again and a new period will start. If the
meter have lost time and date/time is not set when the meter powers up again,
previous values will enter a waiting state until time/date is set.
Previous values has 50 channels which can be configured individually via
com-munication. Each channel can store up to 200 periods.
The period length can be a day, a week or a month and can be configured
via Modbus and EQ-bus communication or via the buttons on the meter.
The period date and time is stored as end of period. For instance, if a period starts
2010.01.01 00:00.00 and ends 2010.01.02 00:00.00, then the stored period will
be 2010.01.02 00:00.00.
Stored periods can be read via communication or directly on the display.
If there is no free memory space available, the oldest period will be erased
to make room for the most recent one.
It is possible to erase all stored periods by sending a “Reset Previous
Values” command via communication.
Depending on the meter type all or a subset of the following quantities can
be selected.
Page 71
REACTIVE ENERGY EXPORT TOTAL
REACTIVE ENERGY EXPORT TARIFF4
REACTIVE ENERGY IMPORT L1
ACTIVE ENERGY EXPORT TARIFF1
REACTIVE ENERGY IMPORT L2
ACTIVE ENERGY EXPORT TARIFF2
REACTIVE ENERGY IMPORT L3
ACTIVE ENERGY EXPORT TARIFF3
REACTIVE ENERGY EXPORT L1
ACTIVE ENERGY EXPORT TARIFF4
REACTIVE ENERGY EXPORT L2
ACTIVE ENERGY NET TOTAL
REACTIVE ENERGY EXPORT L3
ACTIVE ENERGY NET L1
APPARENT ENERGY IMPORT TOTAL
ACTIVE ENERGY NET L2
APPARENT ENERGY EXPORT TOTAL
ACTIVE ENERGY NET L3
APPARENT ENERGY IMPORT L1
REACTIVE ENERGY NET TOTAL
APPARENT ENERGY IMPORT L2
REACTIVE ENERGY NET L1
APPARENT ENERGY IMPORT L3
REACTIVE ENERGY NET L2
APPARENT ENERGY EXPORT L1
REACTIVE ENERGY NET L3
APPARENT ENERGY EXPORT L2
APPARENT ENERGY NET TOTAL
APPARENT ENERGY EXPORT L3
APPARENT ENERGY NET L1
RESETTABLE ACTIVE ENERGY IMPORT
APPARENT ENERGY NET L2
TOTAL
RESETTABLE ACTIVE ENERGY EX-
APPARENT ENERGY NET L3
PORT TOTAL
RESETTABLE REACTIVE ENERGY IM-
ACTIVE ENERGY CURRENCY CONVER-
PORT TOTAL
SION
RESETTABLE REACTIVE ENERGY EX-
ACTIVE ENERGY CO2 CONVERSION
PORT TOTAL
ACTIVE ENERGY IMPORT TARIFF1
PULSE INPUT COUNTERS
ACTIVE ENERGY IMPORT TARIFF2
71
Technical Description
Page 72
General
Load profile is a collection of 8 channels that can store register values for register
quantities or interval averages for instrumentation quantities. Through Modbus
and EQ-bus communication each channel can be assigned one register or instru-
mentation quantity, a time interval and a maximum amount of snapshots to be
stored in the channel.
Interval length per channel can also be configured via the buttons on the meter.
The load profiles can be read via communication or directly on the display.
The stored register values in a channel are read as a list of register snapshots and
for instrumentation values as a list of interval averages.
Note –
Before any load profiles can be stored, time/date must be set.
If a power failure occurs that lasts over the end of an interval, the value will be
stored when the meter powers up again only if time/date are still correct.
Intervals
The interval lengths for Load Profiles can be one of the following: 1, 2, 5, 10, 15,
20, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, 360, 480, 720 or 1440 minutes.
If the interval is evenly divisible with an hour, the start of each hour will mark the
start of a new interval. If the interval is evenly divisible with a day, the start of a
day will mark the start of a new interval.
The interval date and time is stored as end of interval. For instance, if an interval
starts 2010.01.01 00:00.00 and ends 2010.01.01 00:15.00, then the stored period
will be 2010.01.01 00:15.00.
Example 1
Interval is set to 120 minutes, current time 12:13. Evenly divisible with a day. The
next interval end/start times will be: 14:00, 16:00, 18:00, 20:00, 22:00, 00:00,
etc,...
Example 2
Interval is set to 15 minutes, current time 12:13. Evenly divisible with an hour.
The next interval end/start times will be: 12:15, 12:30, 12:45, 13:00, 13.15, 13.30
etc,...
72
Technical Description
5.10 Load Profile
Channels and
snapshots
Each channel has its own interval configuration. That means that snapshots in one
channel can be stored with a different interval than snapshots in another channel.
Each channel can be assigned a number of snapshots. A total of 40 000 snapshots can
be stored in a load profile. All channels in a load profile share the same mem-ory
area, which means that one channel can store 40 000 snapshots if no other
Page 73
73
Technical Description
channel is used. By default the meter has all 8 channels activated with 5000 snap-
Load profile data Each load profile data value is associated with a status value. The status value
shots assigned to each.
If there is no free memory space available, the oldest snapshot will be erased
to make room for the most recent one.
It is possible to erase all snapshots in all channels by sending a “Reset Load
profile” command via communication. Via Modbus and EQ-bus communication
it is also possible to erase all snapshots in a particular channel.
gives information such as:
• Interval is longer or shorter than defined length
• Power outage occurred during interval
• Overflow in data
• Time was changed during interval
• Data not available
• Error in data
Page 74
ACTIVE ENERGY IMPORT TOTAL
APPARENT ENERGY EXPORT L1
ACTIVE ENERGY EXPORT TOTAL
APPARENT ENERGY EXPORT L2
ACTIVE ENERGY IMPORT L1
APPARENT ENERGY EXPORT L3
ACTIVE ENERGY IMPORT L2
ACTIVE ENERGY CURRENCY CONVER-
SION
ACTIVE ENERGY IMPORT L3
ACTIVE ENERGY CO2 CONVERSION
ACTIVE ENERGY EXPORT L1
VOLTAGE L1*
ACTIVE ENERGY EXPORT L2
VOLTAGE L2*
ACTIVE ENERGY EXPORT L3
VOLTAGE L3*
REACTIVE ENERGY IMPORT TOTAL
VOLTAGE L1-L2*
REACTIVE ENERGY EXPORT TOTAL
VOLTAGE L2-L3*
REACTIVE ENERGY IMPORT L1
VOLTAGE L1-L3*
REACTIVE ENERGY IMPORT L2
CURRENT L1*
REACTIVE ENERGY IMPORT L3
CURRENT L2*
REACTIVE ENERGY EXPORT L1
CURRENT L3*
REACTIVE ENERGY EXPORT L2
CURRENT NEUTRAL*
REACTIVE ENERGY EXPORT L3
POWER FACTOR TOTAL*
APPARENT ENERGY IMPORT TOTAL
POWER FACTOR L1*
APPARENT ENERGY EXPORT TOTAL
POWER FACTOR L2*
APPARENT ENERGY IMPORT L1
POWER FACTOR L3*
APPARENT ENERGY IMPORT L2
PULSE INPUT COUNTERS
APPARENT ENERGY IMPORT L3
74
Technical Description
Selectable
quantities
Depending on the meter type all or a subset of the following quantities can
be selected:
*The values are mean values of the intervals.
Page 75
75
Technical Description
Page 76
76
Technical data
6 Technical data
Overview This chapter contains technical data and product drawings.
In this chapter The following topics are covered in this chapter:
6 Technical data ........................................................................................................................ 76
6.1 Technical Specifications ........................................................................................................... 77
6.2 Physical dimensions ................................................................................................................. 81
Page 77
Voltage/current inputs
Nominal voltage
3x230/400 V AC
Voltage range
3x57.7-288/100-500 V AC (-20%-+15%)
Power dissipation voltage circuits
1.9 VA (0.8 W) total at 230 V AC
Power dissipation current circuits
0.007 VA (0.007 W) per phase at I
ref
Base current I
b
5 A
Reference current I
ref
5 A
Transitional current I
tr
0.5 A
Maximum current I
max
80 A
Minimum current I
min
0.25 A
Starting current I
st
< 20 mA
Terminal wire area
2.5-25 mm
2
Recommended tightening torque
4.5 Nm
General data
Frequency
50 or 60 Hz ± 5%
Accuracy
1%, 2%
Accuracy of internal clock
5 ppm at reference temperature 25°C
Display
96x64 pixels, view area 39x26 mm
Mechanical
Material
Polycarbonate in transparent front glass, bottom case, upper
case and terminal cover. Glass reinforced polycarbonate in
terminal block.
Weight
0.48 kg
Environmental
For indoor use only
Operating temperature
-40°C - +70°C
Storage temperature
-40°C - +85°C
Humidity
75% yearly average, 95% on 30 days/year
Resistance to fire and heat
Terminal 960°C, cover 650°C (IEC 60695-2-1)
Resistance to water and dust
IP 20 on terminal block without protective enclosure and IP 51
in protective enclosure, according to IEC 60529.
Outputs
Current
2 - 100 mA
Voltage
5 - 240 V AC/DC. For meters with only 1 output, 5 - 40 V DC.
Pulse output frequency
Prog. 1 - 9999 imp/MWh, 1 - 9999 imp/kWh
Pulse length
10 - 990 ms
77
Technical data
6.1 Technical Specifications
Specifications for A43 direct connected meters
Mechanical environment
Electromagnetic environment
Class M2 in accordance with the Measuring Instrument Direc-
tive (MID), (2014/32/UE).
Class E2 in accordance with the Measuring Instrument Direc-
tive (MID), (2014/32/UE).
Page 78
Terminal wire area
0.5 - 1 mm²
Recommended tightening torque
0.25 Nm
Inputs
Voltage
0-240 V AC/DC
Off
0-5 V AC/DC
ON
57-240 V AC/24-240 V DC
Min. pulse length and pulse pause
30 ms
Terminal wire area
0.5 - 1 mm²
Recommended tightening torque
0.25 Nm
Communication
Terminal wire area
0.5 - 1 mm²
Recommended tightening torque
0.25 Nm
M-Bus
EN 13757-2, EN 13757-3
Modbus
Modbus Application Protocol Specification V1.1b
EQ-Bus
IEC 62056-42, 62056-46, 62056-53, 62056-61, 62056-62
Pulse indicator (LED)
Pulse Frequency
1000 imp/kWh
Pulse length
40 ms
EMC compatibility
Impulse voltage test
6 kV 1.2/50µs (IEC 60060-1)
Surge voltage test
4 kV 1.2/50µs (IEC 61000-4-5)
Fast transient burst test
4 kV ( IEC 61000-4-4 )
Immunity to electromagnetic HF-fields
80 MHz - 2 GHz at 10 V/m (IEC 61000-4-3)
Immunity to conducted disturbance
150kHz – 80MHz, ( IEC 61000-4-6 )
Immunity to electromagnetic distur-
2-150 kHz for kWh-meters
bances
Radio frequency emission
EN 55022, class B (CISPR22)
Electrostatic discharge
15 kV ( IEC 61000-4-2 )
Standards
IEC 62052-11, IEC 62053-21 class 1 & 2, IEC 62053-23 class
2, IEC 62054-21, GB/T 17215.211-2006, GBT 17215.321-
2008 class 1 & 2, GB 4208-2008, EN 50470-1, EN 50470-3
category A & B
Voltage inputs
Nominal voltage
3x230/400 V AC
Voltage range
3x57.7-400/100-690 V AC (-20% - + 15%) on A44 xxx-x1x
3x57.7-288/100-500 V AC (-20% - + 15%) on all other types
Power dissipation voltage circuits
1.9
VA (0.8 W) total at 230 V AC
Power dissipation current circuits
0.001 VA (0.001 W) per phase at I
ref
Terminal wire area
0.5
- 10 mm²
Recommended tightening torque
2
Nm
78
Technical data
Specifications for A44 transformer connected meter
Page 79
Current inputs
Rated current I
n
1 A
Reference current I
ref
1 A
Maximum current I
max
6 A
Transitional current I
tr
0.05 A
Minimum current I
min
0.01 A
Starting current I
st
< 1 mA
Terminal wire area
0.5 - 10mm
2
Recommended tightening torque
1.5 Nm
General data
Frequency
50 or 60 Hz ± 5%
Accuracy
0.5%, 1%
Accuracy of internal clock
5 ppm at reference temperature 25°C
Display
96x64 pixels, view area 39x26 mm
Mechanical
Material
Polycarbonate in transparent front glass, bottom case, upper
case and terminal cover. Glass reinforced polycarbonate in
terminal block.
Weight
0.41 kg
Environmental
For indoor use only
Operating temperature
-40°C - +70°C
Storage temperature
-40°C - +85°C
Humidity
75% yearly average, 95% on 30 days/year
Resistance to fire and heat
Terminal 960°C, cover 650°C (IEC 60695-2-1)
Resistance to water and dust
IP 20 on terminal block without protective enclosure and IP 51
in protective enclosure, according to IEC 60529.
Outputs
Current
2 - 100 mA
Voltage
5-240 V AC/DC. For meters with only 1 output, 5 - 40 V DC.
Pulse output frequency
Prog. 1 - 9999 imp/MWh, 1 - 9999 imp/kWh, 1 - 9999 imp/Wh
Pulse length
10 - 990 ms
Terminal wire area
0.5 - 1 mm²
Recommended tightening torque
0.25 Nm
Inputs
Voltage
0-240 V AC/DC
Off
0-5 V AC/DC
ON
57-240 V AC, 24-240 V DC
Min. pulse length and pulse pause
30 ms
Terminal wire area
0.5 - 1 mm²
79
Technical data
Mechanical environment
Electromagnetic environment
Class M2 in accordance with the Measuring Instrument Direc-
tive (MID), (2014/32/UE).
Class E2 in accordance with the Measuring Instrument Direc-
tive (MID), (2014/32/UE).
Page 80
Recommended tightening torque
0.25 Nm
Communication
Terminal wire area
0.5 - 1 mm
Recommended tightening torque
0.25 Nm
M-Bus
EN 13757-2, EN 13757-3
Modbus
Modbus Application Protocol Specification V1.1b
EQ-Bus
IEC 62056-42, 62056-46, 62056-53, 62056-61, 62056-62
Transformer ratios
Configurable voltage ratio (VT)
1 - 9999
Configurable current ratio (CT)
1 - 9999
Max total transformer ratio (VT*CT)
999999
Pulse indicator (LED)
Pulse Frequency
5000 imp/kWh
Pulse length
40 ms
EMC compatibility
Impulse voltage test
8 kV 1.2/50µs (IEC 60060-1) on A44 xxx-x1x
6 kV 1.2/50µs (IEC 60060-1) on all other types
Surge voltage test
4 kV 1.2/50µs (IEC 61000-4-5)
Fast transient burst test
4 kV (IEC 61000-4-4)
Immunity to electromagnetic HF-fields
80 MHz - 2 GHz at 10 V/m (IEC61000-4-3)
Immunity to conducted disturbance
150kHz – 80MHz, ( IEC 61000-4-6 )
Immunity to electromagnetic distur-
2-150 kHz for kWh-meters
bances
Radio frequency emission
EN 55022, class B (CISPR22)
Electrostatic discharge
15 kV (IEC 61000-4-2)
Standards
IEC 62052-11, IEC 62053-21 class 1 & 2, IEC 62053-23 class
2, IEC 62054-21,
IEC 62052-31 (
A44 xxx-x1x),
GB/T 17215.211-2006, GBT 17215.321-
2008 class 1 & 2, GB 4208-2008, EN 50470-1, EN 50470-3
category A & B
80
Technical data
Page 81
A43/A44
The following drawing shows the physical dimensions of the A43 and the A44
meters.
97
93 89
45
123
43
58
65
81
Technical data
6.2 Physical dimensions
Page 82
Overview
This chapter contains information about measurement theory and the most com-
monly used measurement methods. The information can be used to better under-
stand the meter behavior and/or to pick the correct measurement method.
In this chapter
The following topics are covered in this chapter:
82
Measurement Methods
7 Measurement Methods
7 Measurement Methods ......................................................................................................... 82
7.1 Measuring Energy .................................................................................................................... 83
7.1.1 Single Phase, 1-Element Metering ................................................................................... 86
7.1.2 3-Phase, 2-Element Metering .......................................................................................... 88
7.1.3 3-Phase, 3-Element Metering .......................................................................................... 90
Page 83
83
Measurement Methods
7.1 Measuring Energy
Active energy
Reactive energy
It is easy to understand the need for a utility to measure active energy, since the
information is necessary to bill the customer correctly. Usually the more energy
the customer consumes the higher the accuracy of the meter needs to be.
Normally 4 accuracy classes are used: 2%- (small consumers, e.g. households),
1%-, 0.5%-and 0.2%-meters with defined power levels for each class.
Also from a customer point of view it is easy to understand the need to measure
the active energy as it can give him information about where and when energy
is consumed. This information can then be used to take measures to decrease
the consumption.
In many cases it is desired to simplify the measurement. In such cases
simplified methods can be used of which the most common are described in this
chapter. These methods most often require a balanced load, which means that
the imped-ance is the same in all phases giving the same current amplitude and
power factor in all phases.
Note – It should be mentioned that even if the load is perfectly balanced the
accuracy
will be decreased if the incoming voltages are not the same on all phases.
Sometimes there is also a need to measure the reactive energy. Consumer
equip-ment often introduces a phase shift between current and voltage due to
the fact that the load has a more or less reactive component, e.g. motors that
have an inductive component, etc. A reactive load will increase the current
which means that the power source generator and the size of the power lines
have to increase which in turn means higher cost for the utility. A higher
current also means that the line losses increase.
Because of that, the maximum permissible phase shift is sometimes governed in
the terms of the contract that the consumer have with the power supplier. If the
consumer exceeds a specified maximum reactive load, he will be liable for an
extra charge. This type of contract will require a utility meter that measures
reac-tive energy and/or power.
Also, from the customer’s point of view, it may be of some interest to measure
reactive energy/power since it gives him knowledge about the nature of the
load. That is, how big the different loads are and how they vary over time. This
knowl-edge can be used in the planning how to decrease the reactive
power/energy to decrease the electricity bill.
Resistive, inductive and capacitive loads
Resistive loads don't give rise to any phase shifts. Inductive loads have phase shift in
one direction with the current lagging the voltage, while capacitive loads pro-duces
a phase shift in the opposite direction with the current leading the voltage. As a result,
inductive and capacitive loads can be used to compensate each other
Page 84
84
Measurement Methods
Page 85
Illustration
The following illustration shows a vector diagram for resistive, inductive and ca-
pacitive loads:
U I
U
U
Clockwise rotation
Clockwise rotation
I
I
Resistive load
Inductive load
Capacitive load
Phase
A load that consumes both reactive and active energy can be divided into active
displacement
and reactive components. The angle between the apparent power (U*I) vector and
the active power component is described as phase displacement angle or power
factor angle.
Illustration
The following illustration shows a vector diagram for a load with an active and a
reactive component:
Active power = P = U x I x cos (unit W)
Reactive power = Q = U x I x sin (unit var)
Apparent power = S = U x I (unit VA)
Reactive power
Apparent
power
Active
power
The 4 power
The type of load can be represented geometrically by for quadrants. In the first
quadrants
quadrant the load is inductive and active and energy is imported (energy is deliv-
ered from the utility to the customer). In the second quadrant the load is capacitive
and active energy is exported and reactive energy is imported. In the third quad-
rant the load is inductive and active and reactive energy is exported. In the last
85
Measurement Methods
quadrant the load is capacitive and active energy is imported and reactive
energy exported.
Page 86
Export of
reactive
power
Export of
active power
S
Q
P
1
43
2
Import of
reactive
power
-
+
+
-
Import of
active power
86
Measurement Methods
Illustration The type of load can be represented geometrically by 4 power
quadrants, see figure below.
7.1.1 Single Phase, 1-Element Metering
1- element metering in a 2-wire system
Calculating
active power
In a 2 -wire installation a single phase meter is used. Normally the 2 wires are
a phase voltage and the neutral.
The active energy consumed by the load is the product of momentary voltage
and current integrated over the desired measuring time period.
In the case where no harmonics is present and the rms value of the voltage
and current is constant, the active power can be expressed as:
P = U
Where is the phase angle between the voltage and the current.
rms
* I
rms
* cos
Page 87
L1
L2
Meter
Load
I3
L3
U3
N
87
Measurement Methods
Illustration The following illustration shows a direct connected single phase meter measuring
the active energy (E) consumed by a load.
Meter
I
L
Load
U
N
1-element metering in a 4-wire system
In 4-wire system the single element metering method only gives correct results
in a balanced system (same voltage, current and power factor in all phases).
This method should not be used for accurate measurement, but can be used
when high accuracy is not needed.
Illustration The following illustration shows single phase metering in a 3-phase system.
Page 88
I1
Load
L1
U1-U2
Meter
L2
U3-U2
I3
L3
dttItUtUtItUtUE ))(3))(2)(3()(1))(2)(1((
Calculating total
If no harmonics is present and the rms values of the voltages and currents are
active power
constant, the total active power can be expressed as:
Ptot = P1 + P3 = (U1-U2) x I1 x cos 12 + (U3-U2) x I3 x cos 32
where φ12 is the phase angle between the (U1-U2) voltage and the I1 current
and φ32 is the phase angle between the (U3-U2) voltage and the I3 current.
Illustration
The vector diagram below shows the vectors for the phase voltages (U1, U2,
U3), the phase currents (I1, I2, I3) and the element voltages (U1-U2, U3-U2)
for
a pure resistive load where the phase currents are in phase with its
respective phase voltages.
88
Measurement Methods
7.1.2 3-Phase, 2-Element Metering
2-element metering in a 3-wire system
The 2-element metering method is used in systems with 3 wires, normally a 3phase system that does not have a neutral conductor. A 2-element meter can be
Illustration The following diagram shows a 2-element meter measuring the active energy (E)
used irrespectively of the load being balanced or not.
In a 2-element meter the L2 voltage is used as the voltage reference and the
volt-age difference between that voltage and the L1 and L3 voltage are
measured and multiplied by its respective current. The active energy consumed
by the load is the product of momentary voltages U1-U2 and U3-U2 and the
currents I1 and I3 integrated over the desired measuring time period.
consumed by a load.
Page 89
12 = 30
I1
U1
U2
U3
I2
I3
U1-U2
U3-U2
32 = -30
89
Measurement Methods
2-element metering in a 4-wire system
2-element metering can also be used in a 4-wire system if the current in the neutral
connection is zero. Applying this method in a system having a non-zero neutral
current will decrease the accuracy, but can sometimes be justified if the current is
small compared to the line currents or if high accuracy is not required.
It is also possible to use this method for measuring one current only. This method
will only give correct result in a balanced system. Note that the current flows
backwards through phase 1 and 3 and that the phase voltages not are connected to
the normal inputs when the current transformer is connected to phase 1 and 3.
Page 90
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11
L1
S1
S2
P1
P2
L2
L3
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11
L1
L2
S1 S2
P1 P2
L3
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11
L1
L2
L3
S1
S2
P1
P2
90
Measurement Methods
Illustration The diagrams below shows 2-element measurements with only 1 current
transformer. This method will only give correct result in a balanced system.
Note that the current flows backwards through phase 1 and 3 and that the phase
voltages not are connected to the normal inputs when the current transformer is
connected to phase 1 and 3.
7.1.3 3-Phase, 3-Element Metering
3-element metering in a 4-wire system
This method is normally used in three phase systems that have a neutral
conduc-tor.
In a 3-element meter the neutral voltage is used as the voltage reference and the
voltage difference between the neutral voltage and the L1, L2 and L3 voltages are
measured and multiplied by its respective current. The active energy consumed
Page 91
91
Measurement Methods
Page 92
I1
Load
L1
U1
Meter
L2
I3
L3
I2
N
U2
U3
dttItUtItUtItUE ))(3)(3)(2)(2)(1)(1(
Calculating total
In the case where no harmonics are present and the rms values of the voltages and
active power
currents are constant, the total active power can be expressed as:
92
Measurement Methods
by the load is the product of momentary voltages U1, U2 and U3 and the
currents I1, I2 and I3 integrated over the desired measuring time period.
Illustration The picture below shows a direct connected 3-element meter measuring the
active energy (E) consumed by a load.
Ptot = P1 + P2 + P3 = U1 x I1 x cos φ1 + U2 x I2 x cos φ2 + U3 x I3 x cos φ3
where φ1, φ2 and φ3 is the phase angles between the phase voltage and its
respective current.
3-element metering with the neutral disconnected
Sometimes it is desired to use a 3-element meter without having the neutral connected. It can be done with both transformer connected and direct connected meters.
This can for example be desired in cases where a voltage transformer without a
neutral is being used for the moment but where a change to a voltage transformer
with neutral will be made sometime in the future. To save the trouble of changing
the meter at that time a 3-element meter is used from the beginning.
Using a 3-element meter without having the neutral connected will decrease the
accuracy due to the fact that the floating neutral connection on the meter
(terminal 11) will lie at a different level than the true neutral (N) because of
impedance imbalance inside the meter, resulting in the phase voltages not being
correct. The imbalance error is usually however rather small (typically 0-2%)
and if the cur-rents are balanced the total error in the energy measurement will
be very small, as a too small energy measurement on one element will be
compensated by approx-imately opposite errors for the other phases.
Page 93
Illustration
The following diagram shows a 3-element transformer connected meter with the
neutral disconnected, that is left floating:
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11
L1
S1
S2
P1
P2
L2
L3
S1 S2
P1 P2
N
93
Measurement Methods
3-element metering with 2 transformers
It is also possible to use a 3-element meter with only 2 current transformers.
This type connection is possible both with and without the neutral available or
the neutral left floating.
Note that if the current transformers are connected to protective earth it must be
connected in only one point. Both methods require a balanced system (voltages
and currents the same in all 3 phases). It shall also be mentioned that having a
floating neutral also can give additional errors in the measured voltages due to
impedance unlinearity and imbalance inside the meter.
Illustration The following diagram shows a 3-element transformer connected meter with 2
current transformers:
Page 94
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11
L1
S1
S2
P1
P2
L2
L3
S1 S2
P1 P2
94
Measurement Methods
Illustration The following diagram shows a 3-element meter with a voltage transformer
connected and 2 current transformers and a floating neutral connection:
Summation
metering
The currents from several different transformers can be summed into one
single meter.
Note – The summation metering method could also be used with a single phase
or a 2-element meter
meter
Illustration The following illustration shows summation metering with a 3-element trans-
former connected meter:
Page 95
95
Measurement Methods
Page 96
In this chapter
The following topics are covered in this chapter:
96
Service & Maintenance
8 Service & Maintenance
Overview This chapter contains information about service and maintenance of the product.
8 Service & Maintenance .......................................................................................................... 96
8.1 Service and Maintenance ......................................................................................................... 97
Page 97
Service
This product contains no parts that can be repaired or exchanged. A broken meter
must be replaced.
Cleaning
If the meter needs to be cleaned, use a lightly moistened cloth with a mild deter-
gent to wipe it.
!
Caution –
Be careful that no liquid gets into the meter since it can ruin the equipment.
97
Service & Maintenance
8.1 Service and Maintenance
Page 98
Overview
This chapter describes the mapping from meter data to Modbus and how to read
and write to registers. The chapter contains information for all functionality and
data for the complete A series family. For single phase meters some data does not
exist, for example data for phase 2 and 3.
98
Communication with Modbus
9 Communication with Modbus
In this chapter The following topics are covered in this chapter:
9 Communication with Modbus................................................................................................ 98
9.1 Bus Description ........................................................................................................................ 99
9.2 About the Modbus Protocol ................................................................................................... 100
9.2.1 Function Code 3 (Read holding registers) ...................................................................... 100
9.2.2 Function Code 16 (Write multiple registers) .................................................................. 103
9.2.3 Function Code 6 (Write single register) ......................................................................... 104
9.2.3.1 Exception Responses .............................................................................................. 105
9.3 Reading and Writing to Registers ........................................................................................... 106
9.4 Mapping Tables ...................................................................................................................... 108
9.5 Historical Data ........................................................................................................................ 119
9.5.1 Quantity identifiers ........................................................................................................ 122
9.6 Previous Values ...................................................................................................................... 127
9.6.1 Reading Previous Values ................................................................................................ 129
9.7 Demand .................................................................................................................................. 132
9.7.1 Reading Demand ............................................................................................................ 134
9.8 Event logs ............................................................................................................................... 136
9.8.1 Reading Event logs ......................................................................................................... 139
9.9 Load profile ............................................................................................................................ 140
9.9.1 Reading Load profile ...................................................................................................... 142
9.10 Configuration ......................................................................................................................... 143
9.10.1 Previous values ............................................................................................................... 143
9.10.2 Demand .......................................................................................................................... 144
9.10.3 Load profile .................................................................................................................... 148
9.10.4 Alarms ............................................................................................................................ 149
9.10.5 Inputs and outputs ......................................................................................................... 153
9.10.6 Tariffs ............................................................................................................................. 156
9.10.7 Daylight Savings Time ..................................................................................................... 165
9.11 Communication examples ...................................................................................................... 168
9.11.1 Reading energy values ................................................................................................... 168
9.11.2 Reading Instrumentation values .................................................................................... 169
9.11.3 Writing parameters ........................................................................................................ 170
Page 99
General
Modbus communication in the A series meters is done on a 3-wire (A, B and
Common) polarity dependent bus according to the RS-485 standard. Maximum
number of meters connected to one physical bus is 247 (which is the same as the
individual device address range in Modbus).
Topology
The RS-485 bus uses line topology, see figure below. Stubs at the meter connec-
tions are allowed but should be kept as short as possible and no longer than 1 m.
Bus termination in both ends of the line should be used. The resistors should have
the same values as the characteristic impedance of the cable which normally is
120 ohm.
Cable
Cable used is non shielded or shielded twisted pair cable with wire area of 0.35-
1.5 mm2. If shielded cable is used the shield should be connected to ground in one
end. Maximum length of the bus is 700 m.
99
Communication with Modbus
9.1 Bus Description
Page 100
Slave Address
Function Code
Data
Error Check
Slave address
Modbus slave address, 1 byte.
Function code
Decides the service to be performed.
Data
Dependent on the function code. The length varies.
Error check
CRC, 2 bytes
100
Communication with Modbus
9.2 About the Modbus Protocol
General
Supported
function codes
Modbus
request frame
Message types
Modbus is a master-slave communication protocol that can support up to 247
slaves organized as a multidrop bus. The communication is half duplex.
Services on Modbus are specified by function codes.
The function codes are used to read or write 16 bit registers. All metering data,
such as active energy, voltage or firmware version, is represented by one or more
such registers. For further information about the relation between register
number and metering data, refer to “Mapping Tables” on page - 103.
The Modbus protocol is specified in its entirety in Modbus Application Protocol
Specification V1.1b. The document is available at http://www.modbus.org
The following function codes are supported:
• Function code 3 (Read holding registers
• Function code 6 (Write single register)
• Function code 16 (Write multiple registers)
A Modbus request frame generally has the following structure:
The network messages can be query-response or broadcast type. The queryresponse command sends a query from the master to an individual slave and
is generally followed by a response.
The broadcast command sends a message to all slaves and is never followed by
a response. Broadcast is supported by function code 6 and 16.
9.2.1 Function Code 3 (Read holding registers)
General Function code 3 is used to read measurement values or other information from the
electricity meter. It is possible to read up to 125 consecutive registers at a time.
This means that multiple values can be read in one request.
Loading...