4RF Aprisa SR+ User Manual
January 2014
Version 1.1.6
| 1
Aprisa SR+ Product Description
Copyright
Copyright © 2014 4RF Limited. All rights reserved.
This document is protected by copyright belonging to 4RF Limited and may not be reproduced or
republished in whole or part in any form without the prior written permission of 4RF Limited.
Trademarks
Aprisa and the 4RF logo are trademarks of 4RF Limited.
Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and other countries. Java
and all Java-related trademarks are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the
United States and other countries. All other marks are the property of their respective owners.
Disclaimer
Although every precaution has been taken preparing this information, 4RF Limited assumes no liability for
errors and omissions, or any damages resulting from use of this information. This document or the
equipment may change, without notice, in the interests of improving the product.
RoHS and WEEE compliance
The Aprisa SR+ is fully compliant with the European Commission’s RoHS (Restriction of Certain Hazardous
Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment) and WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment)
environmental directives.
Restriction of hazardous substances (RoHS)
The RoHS Directive prohibits the sale in the European Union of electronic equipment containing these
hazardous substances: lead, cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs),
and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs).
4RF has worked with its component suppliers to ensure compliance with the RoHS Directive which came
into effect on the 1st July 2006.
End-of-life recycling programme (WEEE)
The WEEE Directive concerns the recovery, reuse, and recycling of electronic and electrical equipment.
Under the Directive, used equipment must be marked, collected separately, and disposed of properly.
4RF has instigated a programme to manage the reuse, recycling, and recovery of waste in an
environmentally safe manner using processes that comply with the WEEE Directive (EU Waste Electrical
and Electronic Equipment 2002/96/EC).
4RF invites questions from customers and partners on its environmental programmes and compliance with
the European Commission’s Directives (sales@4RF.com).
2 |
Aprisa SR+ Product Description
12.5 kHz and 25 kHz Channel
Radio performance
EN 300 113-2
EMC
EN 301 489 Parts 1 & 5
Environmental
EN 300 019, Class 3.4
Ingress Protection code IP51
Safety
EN 60950-1:2006
Class 1 div 2 for hazardous locations
Frequency band
Channel size
Power input
Notified
body
135-175 MHz
12.5 kHz, 25 kHz
12 VDC
320-400 MHz
12.5 kHz, 25 kHz
12 VDC
400-470 MHz
12.5 kHz, 25 kHz
12 VDC
450-520 MHz
12.5 kHz, 25 kHz
12 VDC
Compliance General
The Aprisa SR+ radio predominantly operates within frequency bands that require a site license be issued
by the radio regulatory authority with jurisdiction over the territory in which the equipment is being
operated.
It is the responsibility of the user, before operating the equipment, to ensure that where required the
appropriate license has been granted and all conditions attendant to that license have been met.
Changes or modifications not approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s
authority to operate the equipment.
Equipment authorizations sought by 4RF are based on the Aprisa SR+ radio equipment being installed at a
fixed restricted access location and operated in point-to-multipoint or point-to-point mode within the
environmental profile defined by EN 300 019, Class 3.4. Operation outside these criteria may invalidate
the authorizations and / or license conditions.
The term ‘Radio’ with reference to the Aprisa SR+ User Manual, is a generic term for one end station of a
point-to-multipoint Aprisa SR+ network and does not confer any rights to connect to any public network or
to operate the equipment within any territory.
Compliance European Telecommunications Standards Institute
The Aprisa SR+ radio is designed to comply with the European Telecommunications Standards Institute
(ETSI) specifications as follows:
| 3
Aprisa SR+ Product Description
Radio
47CFR part 24, part 90 and part 101 Private Land Mobile
Radio Services
EMC
47CFR part 15 Radio Frequency Devices, EN 301 489 Parts
1 & 4
Environmental
EN 300 019, Class 3.4
Ingress Protection code IP51
Safety
EN 60950-1:2006
Class 1 div 2 for hazardous locations
Frequency Band
Channel size
Power
input
Authorization
FCC ID
135-175 MHz
12.5 kHz, 25 kHz
12 VDC
Part 90
Pending
50 kHz
400-470 MHz
12.5 kHz, 25 kHz
12 VDC
Part 90
UIPSQ400M131
450-520 MHz
12.5 kHz, 25 kHz
12 VDC
Part 90
Pending
896-902 MHz
12.5 kHz, 25 kHz
12 VDC
Part 90
Pending
896-902 MHz
12.5 kHz, 25 kHz,
50 kHz
12 VDC
Part 24
Pending
928-960 MHz
12.5 kHz, 25 kHz,
50 kHz
12 VDC
Part 24 and
Part 101
Pending
216-220 MHz
12.5 kHz, 25 kHz,
12 VDC
Part 90
Pending
Compliance Federal Communications Commission
The Aprisa SR+ radio is designed to comply with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
specifications as follows:
NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device,
pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against
harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment
generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with
the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this
equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be
required to correct the interference at his own expense.
4 |
Aprisa SR+ Product Description
Radio
RSS-119 / RSS-134
EMC
This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian
standard ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la
norme NMB-003 du Canada.
Environmental
EN 300 019, Class 3.4
Ingress Protection code IP51
Safety
EN 60950-1:2006
Class 1 div 2 for hazardous locations
Frequency Band
Channel size
Power
input
Authorization
IC ID
135-175 MHz
12.5 kHz, 25 kHz
12 VDC
RSS-119
Pending
215-240 MHz
12.5 kHz, 25 kHz
12 VDC
RSS-119
Pending
400-470 MHz
12.5 kHz, 25 kHz
12 VDC
RSS-119
6772A-SQ400M131
896-902 MHz
12.5 kHz, 25 kHz
12 VDC
RSS-119
Pending
896-902 MHz
12.5 kHz, 25 kHz,
50 kHz
12 VDC
RSS-134
Pending
928-960 MHz
12.5 kHz, 25 kHz,
50 kHz
12 VDC
RSS-119 and
RSS-134
Pending
Compliance Industry Canada
The Aprisa SR+ radio is designed to comply with Industry Canada (IC) specifications as follows:
Compliance Hazardous Locations Notice
This product is suitable for use in Class 1, Division 2, Groups A - D hazardous locations or non-hazardous
locations.
The following text is printed on the Aprisa SR+ fascia:
WARNING: EXPLOSION HAZARD - Do not connect or disconnect while circuits are live unless area is known
to be non-hazardous.
The following text is printed on the Aprisa SR+ for product where the end user is in Canada:
AVERTISSEMENT: RISQUE D'EXPLOSION - Ne pas brancher ou débrancher tant que le circuit est sous
tension, à moins qu'il ne s'agisse d'un emplacement non dangereux.
| 5
Aprisa SR+ Product Description
WARNING:
The installer and / or user of Aprisa SR+ radios shall ensure that a separation distance
as given in the following table is maintained between the main axis of the terminal’s
antenna and the body of the user or nearby persons.
Minimum separation distances given are based on the maximum values of the
following methodologies:
1. Maximum Permissible Exposure non-occupational limit (B or general public) of
47 CFR 1.1310 and the methodology of FCC’s OST/OET Bulletin number 65.
2. Reference levels as given in Annex III, European Directive on the limitation of
exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz)
(1999/519/EC). These distances will ensure indirect compliance with the
requirements of EN 50385:2002.
Frequency (MHz)
Maximum Power
(dBm)
Note 1
Maximum Antenna
Gain (dBi)
Minimum Separation
Distance
(m)
135
+ 37
15
2.5
175
+ 37
15
2.5
215
+ 37
15
2.5
216.5
+ 37
15
2.5
217.5
+ 33
15
2.5
240
+ 37
15
2.5
320
+ 37
15
2.5
400
+ 37
15
2.5
450
+ 37
15
2.5
470
+ 37
15
2.5
520
+ 37
15
2.5
896
+ 37
28
7.5
902
+ 37
28
7.5
928
+ 37
28
7.5
960
+ 37
28
7.5
RF Exposure Warning
Note 1: The Peak Envelope Power (PEP) at maximum set power level is +41 dBm.
Contents | 7
Aprisa SR+ Product Description
Contents
1. Introduction ............................................................................ 11
The 4RF Aprisa SR+ Radio ...................................................................... 11
Product Overview ............................................................................... 12
Network Coverage and Capacity ....................................................... 12
Automatic Registration .................................................................. 12
Remote Messaging ........................................................................ 12
Product Features ................................................................................ 13
Functions .................................................................................. 13
Performance .............................................................................. 14
Usability ................................................................................... 14
System Gain vs FEC Coding ............................................................. 15
Architecture ...................................................................................... 16
Security ........................................................................................... 17
Interfaces ......................................................................................... 18
Antenna Interface ........................................................................ 18
Ethernet Interface ....................................................................... 18
RS-232 Interface .......................................................................... 18
USB Interfaces ............................................................................ 18
Protect Interface ......................................................................... 18
Alarms Interface .......................................................................... 18
Mounting .......................................................................................... 19
DIN Rail Mounting ........................................................................ 19
Rack Shelf Mounting ..................................................................... 21
Wall Mounting ............................................................................. 22
2. Product Options ....................................................................... 23
Interface Ports ................................................................................... 23
Protected Station ............................................................................... 24
Protected Ports ........................................................................... 24
Operation .................................................................................. 25
Switch Over ........................................................................ 25
Configuration Management ...................................................... 25
Data Driven Protected Station................................................................. 26
Operation .................................................................................. 26
Duplexer Kits ..................................................................................... 27
UHF Duplexer Kits ........................................................................ 27
VHF Duplexer Kits ........................................................................ 28
USB RS-232 Serial Port .......................................................................... 29
USB RS-232 operation .................................................................... 29
8 | Contents
Aprisa SR+ Product Description
3. Specifications .......................................................................... 30
RF Specifications ................................................................................ 30
Frequency Bands ......................................................................... 30
Channel Sizes ............................................................................. 31
Receiver ................................................................................... 34
Transmitter ............................................................................... 37
Modem ..................................................................................... 37
Data Payload Security ................................................................... 37
Interface Specifications ........................................................................ 38
Ethernet Interface ....................................................................... 38
RS-232 Asynchronous Interface ......................................................... 39
Hardware Alarms Interface ............................................................. 40
Protection Switch Specifications ....................................................... 40
Power Specifications ............................................................................ 41
Power Supply .............................................................................. 41
Power Consumption ...................................................................... 42
Power Dissipation ........................................................................ 42
General Specifications .......................................................................... 43
Environmental ............................................................................ 43
Mechanical ................................................................................ 43
Compliance ................................................................................ 44
4. Management ........................................................................... 45
SuperVisor ........................................................................................ 45
Viewing the Aprisa SR+ Terminal Settings ............................................ 46
Configuring the Aprisa SR+ Terminal Details ......................................... 47
Configuring the Aprisa SR+ RF Network Details ...................................... 47
Configuring the Aprisa SR+ Radio Settings ............................................ 48
Command Line Interface ....................................................................... 49
SNMP .............................................................................................. 49
LED Display Panel ............................................................................... 50
Normal Operation ........................................................................ 50
Single Radio Software Upgrade ......................................................... 51
Network Software Upgrade ............................................................. 51
Test Mode ................................................................................. 51
5. Applications ............................................................................ 52
Basic point-to-multipoint application ........................................................ 52
Advanced point-to-multipoint application with repeater ................................. 53
Multi-interface point-to-multipoint application ............................................ 54
Multi-hop Daisy Chain Repeaters in LBS Mode Application ................................ 55
Pseudo Peer to Peer using Base-Repeater Application .................................... 56
Contents | ix
6. Product Architecture ................................................................. 57
Product Operation .............................................................................. 57
Physical Layer ............................................................................. 57
Data Link Layer / MAC layer ............................................................ 57
Channel Access .................................................................... 57
Hop by Hop Transmission ......................................................... 58
Adaptive Coding Modulation ..................................................... 59
Network Layer ............................................................................ 60
Packet Routing ..................................................................... 60
Static IP Router .................................................................... 61
Bridge Mode with VLAN Aware .................................................. 63
VLAN Bridge Mode Description .................................................. 64
Avoiding Narrow Band Radio Traffic Overloading .................................... 66
Product Architecture ........................................................................... 68
Aprisa SR+ Radio Block Diagram ........................................................ 69
Aprisa SR+ Protected Station Block Diagram ......................................... 69
7. Contact Us .............................................................................. 70
Introduction | 11
Aprisa SR+ Product Description
1. Introduction
The 4RF Aprisa SR+ Radio
The 4RF Aprisa SR+ is a point-to-multipoint digital radio providing secure narrowband wireless data
connectivity for SCADA, infrastructure and telemetry applications.
The radios carry a combination of serial packet data and Ethernet data between the base station,
repeater stations and remote stations.
The Aprisa SR+ is configurable as a point-to-multipoint base station, a remote station or a repeater
station.
12 | Introduction
Aprisa SR+ Product Description
Product Overview
Network Coverage and Capacity
The Aprisa SR+ has a typical link range of up to 120 km, however, geographic features, such as hills,
mountains, trees and foliage, or other path obstructions, such as buildings, will limit radio coverage.
Additionally, geography may reduce network capacity at the edge of the network where errors may occur
and require retransmission. However, the Aprisa SR+ uses 10W output power and Forward Error Correction
(FEC) which greatly improves the sensitivity and system gain performance of the radio resulting in less
retries and minimal reduction in capacity.
Ultimately, the overall performance of any specific network will be defined by a range of factors including
the RF output power, the modulation used and its related receiver sensitivity, the geographic location,
the number of remote stations in the base station coverage area and the traffic profile across the
network. Effective network design will distribute the total number of remote stations across the available
base stations to ensure optimal geographic coverage and network capacity.
One base station can register and operate with up to 500 remote / repeater stations.
The practical limit of remote / repeater stations that can operate with one base station is determined by
a range of factors including the number of services, the packet sizes, the protocols used, the message
types and network timeouts.
Automatic Registration
On start-up, the remote station transmits a registration message to the base stations which responds with
a registration response. This allows the base station to record the details of all the remote stations active
in the network.
If a remote station cannot register with the base station after multiple attempts (RF LED flashing red)
within 10 minutes, it will automatically reboot. If a remote station has registered with the base station
but then loses communication, it will automatically reboot within 2 minutes.
Remote Messaging
There are two message types in the Aprisa SR+ network, broadcast messages and unicast messages.
Broadcast messages are transmitted by the base station to the remote stations and unicast messages are
transmitted by the remote station to the base station. These messages are commonly referred to as uplink
(unicast remote to base) and downlink (broadcast base to remote).
All remotes within the coverage area will receive broadcast messages and pass them on to either the
Ethernet or serial interface. The RTU determines if the message is intended for it and will accept it or
discard it.
Introduction | 13
Aprisa SR+ Product Description
Product Features
Functions
Point-to-point (PTP) or Point-to-multipoint (PMP) operation
Licensed frequency bands:
VHF 135 135-175 MHz
VHF 220 216-220 MHz
UHF 320 320-400 MHz
UHF 400 400-470 MHz
UHF 450 450-520 MHz
UHF 896 896-902 MHz
UHF 928 928-960 MHz
Channel sizes – software selectable:
12.5 kHz
25 kHz
50 kHz
Adaptive Coding Modulation (ACM): QPSK to 64 QAM
Half duplex or full duplex RF operation (full duplex channel access for point-to-multipoint
available in a future software release)
Ethernet data interface and RS-232 asynchronous multiple port options
Software selectable dual / single antenna port options (dual antenna port for external duplexers or
filters)
Data encryption and authentication using 128,192 and 256 bit AES and CCM security standards
Terminal server operation for transporting RS-232 traffic over IP or Ethernet
IEEE 802.1Q VLAN support with single and double VLAN tagged and add/remove VLAN manipulation
to adapt to the appropriate RTU / PLCs
QoS supports using IEEE 802.1p VLAN priority bits to prioritize and handle the VLAN / traffic types
L2/3/4 filtering for security and avoiding narrow band radio network overload
L3 Router mode with standard static IP route for simple routing network integration
L2 Bridge mode with VLAN aware for standard Industrial LAN integration
Ethernet header and IP/TCP/UDP ROCH header compression to increase the narrow band radio
capacity
Ethernet and serial payload compression to increase the narrow band radio capacity
Pseudo peer to peer communication between remote stations through base-repeater or repeater
stations
SuperVisor web management support for element and sub-network (base-repeater-remotes)
management
SNMPv1/2/3 & encryption MIB supports for 4RF SNMP manager or third party SNMP agent network
management
SNTP for accurate wide radio network time and date
Build-configuration / flexibility of serial and Ethernet interface ports (3+1, 2+2, 4+0)
Radio and user interface redundancy (provided with Aprisa SR+ Protected Station)
Protected Station fully hot swappable and monitored hot standby
Transparent to all common SCADA protocols; e.g. Modbus, IEC 60870-5-101/104, DNP3 or similar
Complies with international standards, including ETSI, FCC, IC, EMC, safety and environmental
standards
14 | Introduction
Aprisa SR+ Product Description
Performance
Typical deployment of 30 remote stations from one base station with a practical limit of a few
hundred remote stations
Long distance operation
High transmit power
Low noise receiver
Forward Error Correction
Electronic tuning over the frequency band
Thermal management for high power over a wide temperature range
Usability
Configuration / diagnostics via front panel Management Port USB interface, Ethernet interface
Built-in webserver SuperVisor with full configuration, diagnostics and monitoring functionality,
including remote station configuration / diagnostics over the radio link
LED display for on-site diagnostics
Dedicated alarm port
Software upgrade and diagnostic reporting via the host port USB flash drive
Over-the-air software distribution and upgrades
Simple installation with integrated mounting holes for wall, DIN rail and rack shelf mounting
Introduction | 15
Aprisa SR+ Product Description
Modulation
FEC Coding
Capacity
QPSK (High Gain)
Max Coded FEC
Minimum
QPSK (Low Gain)
Min Coded FEC
16QAM (High Gain)
Max Coded FEC
QPSK
No FEC
16QAM (Low Gain)
Min Coded FEC
16QAM
No FEC
64QAM (High Gain)
Max Coded FEC
64QAM (Low Gain)
Min Coded FEC
Maximum
Modulation
FEC Coding
Coverage
QPSK (High Gain)
Max Coded FEC
Maximum
QPSK (Low Gain)
Min Coded FEC
16QAM (High Gain)
Max Coded FEC
QPSK
No FEC
16QAM (Low Gain)
Min Coded FEC
64QAM (High Gain)
Max Coded FEC
16QAM
No FEC
64QAM (Low Gain)
Min Coded FEC
Minimum
System Gain vs FEC Coding
This table shows the relationship between modulation, FEC coding, system gain, capacity and coverage.
Maximum FEC coding results in the highest system gain, the best coverage but the least capacity
Minimum FEC coding results in lower system gain, lower coverage but higher capacity
No FEC coding results in the lowest system gain, the lowest coverage but the highest capacity
This table defines the modulation order based on gross capacity:
This table defines the modulation order based on receiver sensitivity:
16 | Introduction
Aprisa SR+ Product Description
Architecture
The Aprisa SR+ Architecture is based around a layered TCP/IP protocol stack:
Physical
Proprietary wireless
RS-232 and Ethernet interfaces
Link
Proprietary wireless (channel access, ARQ, segmentation)
VLAN aware Ethernet bridge
Network
Standard IP
Proprietary automatic radio routing table population algorithm
Transport
TCP, UDP
Application
HTTPS web management access through base station with proprietary management application
software including management of remote stations over the radio link
SNMPv1/2/3 for network management application software
Introduction | 17
Aprisa SR+ Product Description
Security
The Aprisa SR+ provides security features to implement the key recommendations for industrial control
systems. The security provided builds upon the best in class from multiple standards bodies, including:
IEC/TR 62443 (TC65) ‘Industrial Communications Networks – Network and System Security’
IEC/TS 62351 (TC57) ‘Power System Control and Associated Communications – Data and
Communication Security’
FIPS PUB 197, NIST SP 800-38C, IETF RFC3394, RFC3610 and IEEE P1711/P1689/P1685
The security features implemented are:
Data encryption
Counter Mode Encryption (CTR) using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 128, 192, 258 bit,
based on FIPS PUB 197 AES encryption (using Rijndael version 3.0)
Data authentication
NIST SP 800-38C Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code (CBC-MAC) based on RFC
3610 using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
Data payload security
CCM Counter with CBC-MAC integrity (NIST special publication 800-38C)
Secured management interface protects configuration
L2 / L3 / L4 Address filtering enables traffic source authorization
Proprietary physical layer protocol and modified MAC layer protocol based on standardized IEEE
802.15.4
Licensed radio spectrum provides recourse against interference
SNMPv3 with Encryption for NMS secure access
Secure USB software upgrade
Key Encryption Key (KEK) based on RFC 3394, for secure Over The Air Re-keying (OTAR) of
encryption keys
User privilege allows the accessibility control of the different radio network users and the user
permissions
18 | Introduction
Aprisa SR+ Product Description
Interfaces
Antenna Interface
2 x TNC, 50 ohm, female connectors
Single or dual antenna ports (with or without the use of external duplexer/filter)
Ethernet Interface
2, 3 or 4 ports 10/100 base-T Ethernet layer 2 switch using RJ45
Used for Ethernet user traffic and radio sub-network management.
RS-232 Interface
2, 1 or 0 RS-232 asynchronous ports using RJ45 connector
Optional 1x RS-232 asynchronous port using USB host port with USB to RS-232 converter
Used for RS-232 asynchronous user traffic only.
USB Interfaces
1 x Management port using USB micro type B connector
Used for product configuration with the Command Line Interface (CLI).
1 x Host port using USB standard type A connector
Used for software upgrade and diagnostic reporting.
Protect Interface
1x Protect interface port
Used for the Protected Station operation.
Alarms Interface
1x Alarm port using RJ45 connector
Used to provide 2 x hardware alarm inputs and 2 x hardware alarm outputs
Introduction | 19
Aprisa SR+ Product Description
Part Number
Part Description
APSB-MBRK-DIN
4RF SR+ Acc, Mounting, Bracket, DIN Rail
Mounting
The Aprisa SR+ has four threaded holes (M4) in the enclosure base and two holes (5.2 mm) through the
enclosure for mounting.
Mounting options include:
DIN rail mounting with the Aprisa SR+ DIN Rail Mounting Bracket
Rack shelf mounting
Wall mounting
Outdoor enclosure mounting
DIN Rail Mounting
The Aprisa SR+ has an optional accessory to enable the radio to mount on a standard DIN rail:
20 | Introduction
Aprisa SR+ Product Description
The Aprisa SR+ DIN rail mounting bracket can be mounted in four positions on a horizontal DIN rail:
Vertical Mount (vertical enclosure perpendicular to the mount)
Horizontal Mount (horizontal enclosure perpendicular to the mount)
Flat Vertical Mount (vertical enclosure parallel to the mount)
Flat Horizontal Mount (horizontal enclosure parallel to the mount)
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