GS-3012/GS-3012F Series
Gigabit Ethernet Switch
User’s Guide
Version 3.70
11/2 006
Edition 1
www.zyxel.com
About This User's Guide
About This User's Guide
Intended Audience
This manual is intended for people who want to configure the switch using the web
configurator or via commands. You should have at least a basic knowledge of TCP/IP
networking concepts and topology.
Related Documentation
• Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It contains
information on hardware installation of your switch.
• Web Configurator Online Help
Embedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary
information.
" It is recommended you use the web configurator to configure the switch.
• Supporting Disk
Refer to the included CD for support documents.
• ZyXEL Web Site
Please refer to www.zyxel.com
certifications.
User Guide Feedback
Help us help you. Send all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for
improvement to the following address, or use e-mail instead. Thank you!
The Technical Writing Team,
ZyXEL Communications Corp.,
6 Innovation Road II,
Science-Based Industrial Park,
Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
E-mail: techwriters@zyxel.com.tw
for additional support documentation and product
GS-3012/GS-3012F User’s Guide
3
Document Conventions
Document Conventions
Warnings and Notes
These are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide.
1 Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device.
" Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may
need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations.
Syntax Conventions
• The GS-3012 or the GS-3012F may be referred to as the “switch”, the “device” or the
“system” in this User’s Guide.
• Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font.
• A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example, [ENTER]
means the “enter” or “return” key on your keyboard.
• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters and then press the [ENTER] key.
“Select” or “choose” means for you to use one of the predefined choices.
• A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For example,
Maintenance > Log > Log Setting means you first click Maintenance in the navigation
panel, then the Log sub menu and finally the Log Setting tab to get to that screen.
• Units of measurement may denote the “metric” value or the “scientific” value. For
example, “k” for kilo may denote “1000” or “1024”, “M” for mega may denote “1000000”
or “1048576” and so on.
• “e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other words”.
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GS-3012/GS-3012F User’s Guide
Document Conventions
Icons Used in Figures
Figures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The switch icon is not an
exact representation of your device.
The switch Computer Notebook computer
Server DSLAM Firewall
Telephone Switch Router
GS-3012/GS-3012F User’s Guide
5
Safety Warnings
Safety Warnings
1 For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions.
• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming
pool.
• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do NOT store things on the device.
• Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk
of electric shock from lightning.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to
dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should
service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.
• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.
• Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device.
• Connect the power adaptor or cord to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in
North America or 230V AC in Europe).
• Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the
product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.
• Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause
electrocution.
• If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the power outlet.
• Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a
new one.
• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a
remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your
device.
• The length of exposed (bare) power wire should not exceed 7mm.
6
GS-3012/GS-3012F User’s Guide
This product is recyclable. Dispose of it properly.
Safety Warnings
GS-3012/GS-3012F User’s Guide
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Safety Warnings
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GS-3012/GS-3012F User’s Guide
Contents Overview
Contents Overview
Introduction and Hardware Overview ..................................................................................31
Getting to Know Your Switch ..................................................................................................... 33
Hardware Installation and Connection ....................................................................................... 39
Hardware Overview ................................................................................................................... 43
Basic Settings ........................................................................................................................ 51
Introducing the Web Configurator ........................................................................................... 53
Initial Setup Example ................................................................................................................. 61
System Status and Port Details .................................................................................................65
Basic Setting .............................................................................................................................. 71
Advanced Settings ................................................................................................................. 83
VLAN ......................................................................................................................................... 85
Static MAC Forward Setup ........................................................................................................ 97
Filtering .................................................................................................................................... 101
Spanning Tree Protocol ........................................................................................................... 103
Bandwidth Control ....................................................................................................................113
Broadcast Storm Control ..........................................................................................................115
Mirroring ...................................................................................................................................117
Link Aggregation .......................................................................................................................119
Port Authentication .................................................................................................................. 123
Port Security ............................................................................................................................ 129
Classifier ................................................................................................................................. 133
Policy Rule ............................................................................................................................... 139
Queuing Method ...................................................................................................................... 145
Multicast .................................................................................................................................. 149
DHCP Relay ............................................................................................................................ 161
Static Routing and Management ........................................................................................ 163
Routing Protocol ..................................................................................................................... 165
Maintenance ............................................................................................................................ 167
Access Control ........................................................................................................................ 175
Diagnostic ................................................................................................................................ 187
Syslog ...................................................................................................................................... 189
Cluster Management ............................................................................................................... 193
MAC Table ............................................................................................................................... 199
ARP Table ................................................................................................................................ 201
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Contents Overview
Configure Clone ....................................................................................................................... 203
Commands and Troubleshooting .......................................................................................205
Introducing the Commands ..................................................................................................... 207
Command Examples ...............................................................................................................239
IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Commands ................................................................................. 257
Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................... 265
Appendices and Index ......................................................................................................... 267
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GS-3012/GS-3012F User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
About This User's Guide ..........................................................................................................3
Document Conventions............................................................................................................4
Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................6
Contents Overview ...................................................................................................................9
Table of Contents.................................................................................................................... 11
List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... 21
List of Tables...........................................................................................................................27
Part I: Introduction and Hardware Overview ....................................... 31
Chapter 1
Getting to Know Your Switch.................................................................................................33
1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 33
1.1.1 Backbone Application ................................................................................................ 33
1.1.2 Bridging Example ....................................................................................................... 34
1.1.3 High Performance Switched Workgroup Example ..................................................... 35
1.1.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples ................................................................ 35
1.2 Ways to Manage the Switch ................................................................................................ 36
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the switch .................................................................................. 37
Chapter 2
Hardware Installation and Connection .................................................................................39
2.1 Installation Scenarios .......................................................................................................... 39
2.2 Desktop Installation Procedure ........................................................................................... 39
2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .......................................................................................... 40
2.3.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements .................................................................. 40
2.3.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch .......................................................... 40
2.3.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .................................................................................. 41
Chapter 3
Hardware Overview................................................................................................................. 43
3.1 Front Panel ......................................................................................................................... 43
3.1.1 Console Port .............................................................................................................. 44
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Table of Contents
3.1.2 Gigabit Ports ............................................................................................................. 44
3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slots ..........................................................................................................45
3.1.4 Management Port ....................................................................................................... 47
3.2 Rear Panel ........................................................................................................................... 47
3.2.1 Power Connector ....................................................................................................... 47
3.3 LEDs ................................................................................................................................... 48
3.4 Configuring the Switch ......................................................................................................... 49
Part II: Basic Settings ............................................................................ 51
Chapter 4
Introducing the Web Configurator .....................................................................................53
4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 53
4.2 System Login ....................................................................................................................... 53
4.3 Status Screen ...................................................................................................................... 54
4.3.1 Change Your Password ............................................................................................. 57
4.4 Switch Lockout .................................................................................................................... 57
4.5 Resetting the Switch ........................................................................................................... 58
4.5.1 Reload the Configuration File ..................................................................................... 58
4.5.2 Logging Out of the Web Configurator ........................................................................ 59
4.5.3 Help ............................................................................................................................ 59
Chapter 5
Initial Setup Example..............................................................................................................61
5.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 61
5.1.1 Creating a VLAN ........................................................................................................ 61
5.1.2 Setting Port VID .........................................................................................................62
5.2 Configuring Switch Management IP Address ...................................................................... 63
Chapter 6
System Status and Port Details ............................................................................................. 65
6.1 About System Statistics and Information ............................................................................ 65
6.2 Port Status Summary ........................................................................................................... 65
6.2.1 Port Details ................................................................................................................ 66
Chapter 7
Basic Setting ........................................................................................................................... 71
7.1 Introducing the Basic Setting Screens ................................................................................. 71
7.2 System Information ............................................................................................................. 71
7.3 General Setup .................................................................................................................... 73
7.4 Introduction to VLANs .......................................................................................................... 75
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7.5 Switch Setup Screen .......................................................................................................... 75
7.6 IP Setup .............................................................................................................................. 77
7.6.1 Management IP Addresses ........................................................................................ 77
7.7 Port Setup ........................................................................................................................... 80
Part III: Advanced Settings ................................................................... 83
Chapter 8
VLAN ........................................................................................................................................ 85
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN .................................................................... 85
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames ................................................................ 85
8.1.2 Automatic VLAN Registration .................................................................................... 86
8.1.3 Port VLAN Trunking ................................................................................................... 86
8.2 Select the VLAN Type ........................................................................................................ 87
8.3 802.1Q VLAN ...................................................................................................................... 87
8.3.1 802.1Q VLAN Detail .................................................................................................. 88
8.3.2 802.1Q VLAN Port Settings .................................................................................... 89
8.3.3 802.1Q Static VLAN .................................................................................................. 90
8.3.4 Viewing and Editing VLAN Settings ........................................................................... 92
8.4 Introduction to Port-based VLANs ...................................................................................... 93
8.4.1 Configuring a Port-based VLAN ................................................................................. 94
Chapter 9
Static MAC Forward Setup..................................................................................................... 97
9.1 Introduction to Static MAC Forward Setup ......................................................................... 97
9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding .................................................................................... 97
9.3 Viewing and Editing Static MAC Forwarding Rules ............................................................. 98
Chapter 10
Filtering..................................................................................................................................101
10.1 Introduction to Filtering ................................................................................................... 101
10.2 Configuring a Filtering Rule ............................................................................................. 101
10.3 Viewing and Editing Filter Rules ...................................................................................... 102
Chapter 11
Spanning Tree Protocol........................................................................................................103
11.1 STP/RSTP Overview ..................................................................................................... 103
11.1.1 STP Terminology ................................................................................................... 103
11.1.2 How STP Works .................................................................................................... 104
11.1.3 STP Port States ..................................................................................................... 105
11.1.4 Multiple RSTP ...................................................................................................... 105
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Table of Contents
11.2 Spanning Tree Protocol Main Screen ............................................................................. 106
11.3 Configure Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol ..................................................................... 106
11.4 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status ........................................................................ 108
11.5 Configure Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol ........................................................ 109
11.6 Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status ............................................................111
Chapter 12
Bandwidth Control................................................................................................................ 113
12.1 Introduction to Bandwidth Control ...................................................................................113
12.1.1 CIR and PIR ............................................................................................................113
12.1.2 Bandwidth Control Setup .......................................................................................113
Chapter 13
Broadcast Storm Control ..................................................................................................... 115
13.1 Introducing Broadcast Storm Control ...............................................................................115
13.2 Configuring Broadcast Storm Control ...............................................................................115
Chapter 14
Mirroring ................................................................................................................................ 117
14.1 Introduction to Port Mirroring ...........................................................................................117
14.2 Port Mirroring Configuration .............................................................................................11 7
Chapter 15
Link Aggregation .................................................................................................................. 119
15.1 Introduction to Link Aggregation ......................................................................................119
15.1.1 Dynamic Link Aggregation ......................................................................................119
15.1.2 Link Aggregation ID ................................................................................................ 120
15.2 Link Aggregation Protocol Status ................................................................................... 120
15.3 Link Aggregation Setup .................................................................................................. 121
Chapter 16
Port Authentication............................................................................................................... 123
16.1 Introduction to Authentication ......................................................................................... 123
16.1.1 RADIUS ..................................................................................................................123
16.2 Configuring Port Authentication ...................................................................................... 125
16.2.1 Configuring RADIUS Server Settings .................................................................... 125
16.2.2 Configuring IEEE802.1x ........................................................................................ 126
Chapter 17
Port Security.......................................................................................................................... 129
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17.1 About Port Security ......................................................................................................... 129
17.2 Port Security Setup .......................................................................................................... 129
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Table of Contents
Chapter 18
Classifier ...............................................................................................................................133
18.1 About the Classifier and QoS ......................................................................................... 133
18.2 Configuring the Classifier ................................................................................................133
18.3 Viewing and Editing Classifier Configuration ................................................................... 136
18.4 Classifier Example ........................................................................................................... 137
Chapter 19
Policy Rule............................................................................................................................. 139
19.1 About Policy Rules ......................................................................................................... 139
19.1.1 DiffServ ................................................................................................................. 139
19.1.2 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior ................................................................................ 139
19.2 Configuring Policy Rules ................................................................................................. 140
19.3 Viewing and Editing Policy Configuration ........................................................................ 142
19.4 Policy Example ................................................................................................................ 143
Chapter 20
Queuing Method.................................................................................................................... 145
20.1 Introduction to Queuing ..................................................................................................145
20.1.1 Strict Priority Queuing (SPQ) ................................................................................. 145
20.1.2 Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR) ........................................................... 146
20.2 Configuring Queuing ........................................................................................................ 146
Chapter 21
Multicast ................................................................................................................................ 149
21.1 Multicast Overview ......................................................................................................... 149
21.1.1 IP Multicast Addresses ........................................................................................... 149
21.1.2 IGMP Filtering ........................................................................................................ 149
21.1.3 IGMP Snooping ..................................................................................................... 149
21.2 Multicast Status ............................................................................................................... 150
21.3 Multicast Setup ............................................................................................................... 150
21.4 IGMP Filtering Profile ..................................................................................................... 153
21.5 MVR Overview ................................................................................................................ 154
21.5.1 Types of MVR Ports ............................................................................................... 154
21.5.2 MVR Modes ........................................................................................................... 154
21.5.3 How MVR Works .................................................................................................... 155
21.6 General MVR Configuration ........................................................................................... 155
21.7 MVR Group Configuration .............................................................................................. 157
21.7.1 MVR Configuration Example .................................................................................. 159
Chapter 22
DHCP Relay ...........................................................................................................................161
22.1 DHCP Relay Overview ................................................................................................... 161
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Table of Contents
22.1.1 DHCP “Relay Agent Information Option” ............................................................... 161
22.1.2 DHCP Relay Agent Circuit ID Sub-option Format .................................................. 161
22.2 DHCP Relay Configuration ............................................................................................. 161
Part IV: Static Routing and Management........................................... 163
Chapter 23
Routing Protocol ..................................................................................................................165
23.1 Static Route Overview ....................................................................................................165
Chapter 24
Maintenance .......................................................................................................................... 167
24.1 Maintenance ................................................................................................................... 167
24.2 Firmware Upgrade .......................................................................................................... 168
24.3 Restore a Configuration File ........................................................................................... 169
24.4 Backing Up a Configuration File ..................................................................................... 169
24.5 Load Factory Defaults .....................................................................................................170
24.6 Save Configuration .......................................................................................................... 170
24.7 Reboot System ................................................................................................................ 171
24.8 Command Line FTP ........................................................................................................ 171
24.8.1 Filename Conventions ........................................................................................... 171
24.8.2 FTP Command Line Procedure ............................................................................. 172
24.8.3 GUI-based FTP Clients .......................................................................................... 173
24.8.4 FTP Restrictions ..................................................................................................... 173
Chapter 25
Access Control...................................................................................................................... 175
25.1 About Access Control ....................................................................................................175
25.2 Access Control Overview ................................................................................................ 175
25.3 About SNMP ................................................................................................................... 176
25.3.1 Supported MIBs ..................................................................................................... 177
25.3.2 SNMP Traps ......................................................................................................... 177
25.3.3 Configuring SNMP ................................................................................................. 177
25.3.4 Setting Up Login Accounts ................................................................................... 178
25.4 SSH Overview ................................................................................................................. 180
25.5 How SSH works ............................................................................................................... 180
25.6 SSH Implementation .......................................................................................................181
25.6.1 Requirements for Using SSH ................................................................................. 181
25.7 Introduction to HTTPS .....................................................................................................181
25.7.1 HTTPS Example .................................................................................................... 182
25.7.2 Internet Explorer Warning Messages ..................................................................... 182
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25.7.3 Netscape Navigator Warning Messages ................................................................ 182
25.7.4 Login Screen .......................................................................................................... 183
25.8 Service Access Control .................................................................................................. 184
25.9 Remote Management ..................................................................................................... 185
Chapter 26
Diagnostic.............................................................................................................................. 187
26.1 Diagnostic ....................................................................................................................... 187
Chapter 27
Syslog .................................................................................................................................... 189
27.1 Syslog ............................................................................................................................. 189
27.2 Syslog Setup ................................................................................................................... 189
27.3 Syslog Server Setup ....................................................................................................... 190
Chapter 28
Cluster Management.............................................................................................................193
28.1 Introduction to Cluster Management .............................................................................. 193
28.2 Cluster Management Status ............................................................................................ 194
28.2.1 Cluster Member Switch Management .................................................................... 194
28.3 Configuring Cluster Management ................................................................................... 196
Chapter 29
MAC Table..............................................................................................................................199
29.1 Introduction to MAC Table .............................................................................................. 199
29.2 Viewing MAC Table .......................................................................................................... 200
Chapter 30
ARP Table ..............................................................................................................................201
30.1 Introduction to ARP Table ............................................................................................... 201
30.1.1 How ARP Works .................................................................................................... 201
30.2 Viewing ARP Table .......................................................................................................... 201
Chapter 31
Configure Clone.................................................................................................................... 203
31.1 Configure Clone .............................................................................................................. 203
Part V: Commands and Troubleshooting .......................................... 205
Chapter 32
Introducing the Commands .................................................................................................207
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Table of Contents
32.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 207
32.1.1 Switch Configuration File ....................................................................................... 207
32.2 Accessing the CLI ............................................................................................................ 207
32.2.1 Access Priority ...................................................................................................... 208
32.2.2 The Console Port ................................................................................................... 208
32.2.3 Telnet ..................................................................................................................... 208
32.3 The Login Screen ........................................................................................................... 209
32.4 Command Syntax Conventions ....................................................................................... 209
32.5 Getting Help ..................................................................................................................... 210
32.5.1 List of Available Commands ................................................................................... 210
32.5.2 Detailed Command Information ............................................................................. 210
32.6 Privilege Levels ................................................................................................................211
32.7 Command Modes .............................................................................................................211
32.8 Using Command History .................................................................................................. 213
32.9 Saving Your Configuration ............................................................................................... 213
32.9.1 Logging Out ............................................................................................................ 213
32.10 Command Summary ...................................................................................................... 214
32.10.1 User Mode ............................................................................................................ 214
32.10.2 Enable Mode ........................................................................................................ 215
32.10.3 Configure Mode .................................................................................................... 220
32.10.4 config-vlan Commands ........................................................................................ 232
32.10.5 interface port-channel Commands ....................................................................... 233
32.10.6 mvr Commands .................................................................................................... 236
Chapter 33
Command Examples.............................................................................................................239
33.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 239
33.2 show Commands .............................................................................................................239
33.2.1 show system-information ...................................................................................... 239
33.2.2 show hardware-monitor .......................................................................................... 240
33.2.3 show ip ................................................................................................................... 240
33.2.4 show logging ......................................................................................................... 241
33.2.5 show interface ....................................................................................................... 241
33.2.6 show mac address-table ....................................................................................... 242
33.3 ping ................................................................................................................................. 243
33.4 traceroute ........................................................................................................................ 243
33.5 Enabling RSTP ................................................................................................................ 244
33.6 Configuration File Maintenance ...................................................................................... 244
33.6.1 Backing up Configuration ....................................................................................... 244
33.6.2 Restoring Configuration ........................................................................................ 245
33.6.3 Using a Different Configuration File ....................................................................... 246
33.6.4 Resetting to the Factory Default ............................................................................. 246
33.7 Example no Commands .................................................................................................. 247
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33.7.1 no mirror-port ........................................................................................................ 247
33.7.2 no trunk .................................................................................................................. 247
33.7.3 no port-access-authenticator .................................................................................. 248
33.7.4 no ssh ..................................................................................................................... 248
33.8 interface Commands ....................................................................................................... 249
33.8.1 interface port-channel ............................................................................................ 249
33.8.2 bpdu-control .......................................................................................................... 249
33.8.3 broadcast-limit ....................................................................................................... 250
33.8.4 bandwidth-limit ...................................................................................................... 250
33.8.5 mirror ..................................................................................................................... 251
33.8.6 gvrp ....................................................................................................................... 251
33.8.7 ingress-check ........................................................................................................ 252
33.8.8 vlan-trunking ..........................................................................................................252
33.8.9 weight ..................................................................................................................... 253
33.8.10 egress set ............................................................................................................253
33.8.11 qos priority ............................................................................................................ 253
33.8.12 name .................................................................................................................... 254
33.8.13 speed-duplex ........................................................................................................ 254
Chapter 34
IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Commands .............................................................................. 257
34.1 IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Overview ............................................................................ 257
34.2 VLAN Databases ............................................................................................................. 257
34.2.1 Static Entries (SVLAN Table) ................................................................................. 257
34.2.2 Dynamic Entries (DVLAN Table) ............................................................................ 257
34.3 Configuring Tagged VLAN ............................................................................................... 258
34.4 Global VLAN1Q Tagged VLAN Configuration Commands ............................................. 258
34.4.1 GARP Status .......................................................................................................... 259
34.4.2 GARP Timer .......................................................................................................... 259
34.4.3 Show GVRP ........................................................................................................... 260
34.4.4 Enable GVRP ......................................................................................................... 260
34.4.5 Disable GVRP ........................................................................................................ 260
34.5 Port VLAN Commands .................................................................................................... 260
34.5.1 Set Port VID .......................................................................................................... 260
34.5.2 Set Acceptable Frame Type ................................................................................... 261
34.5.3 Enable or Disable Port GVRP ................................................................................ 261
34.5.4 Modify Static VLAN ............................................................................................... 261
34.5.5 Delete VLAN ID ...................................................................................................... 263
34.6 Enable VLAN .................................................................................................................. 263
34.7 Disable VLAN .................................................................................................................. 263
34.8 Show VLAN Setting ........................................................................................................263
Chapter 35
Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................265
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Table of Contents
Part VI: Appendices and Index ........................................................... 267
Appendix A Product Specifications.......................................................................................269
Appendix B Browser Setup ..................................................................................................273
Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting ........................................................................... 279
Appendix D Legal Information ..............................................................................................287
Appendix E Customer Support .............................................................................................291
Index....................................................................................................................................... 295
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GS-3012/GS-3012F User’s Guide
List of Figures
List of Figures
Figure 1 Backbone Application .............................................................................................................. 34
Figure 2 Bridging Application ................................................................................................................ 34
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Application ................................................................................. 35
Figure 4 Tag-based VLAN Application ................................................................................................... 36
Figure 5 Shared Server Using VLAN Example ...................................................................................... 36
Figure 6 Attaching Rubber Feet ........................................................................................................... 40
Figure 7 Attaching the Mounting Brackets ............................................................................................. 41
Figure 8 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .............................................................................................. 41
Figure 9 Front Panel: GS-3012 ............................................................................................................. 43
Figure 10 Front Panel: GS-3012F ......................................................................................................... 43
Figure 11 Transceiver Installation Example ........................................................................................... 46
Figure 12 Connecting the Fiber Optic Cables ....................................................................................... 46
Figure 13 Removing the Fiber Optic Cables ......................................................................................... 46
Figure 14 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example ............................................................................ 46
Figure 15 Transceiver Removal Example .............................................................................................. 47
Figure 16 Rear Panel: GS-3012 AC Power Model ................................................................................ 47
Figure 17 Rear Panel: GS-3012 DC Power Model ................................................................................ 47
Figure 18 Rear Panel: GS-3012F AC Power Model .............................................................................. 47
Figure 19 Rear Panel: GS-3012F DC Power Model .............................................................................. 47
Figure 20 Web Configurator: login ......................................................................................................... 53
Figure 21 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status) .............................................................................. 54
Figure 22 Web Configurator: Change Password at Login ..................................................................... 57
Figure 23 Resetting the Switch: Via Console Port ................................................................................. 59
Figure 24 Web Configurator: Logout Screen ......................................................................................... 59
Figure 25 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN ................................................................................... 61
Figure 26 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID ............................................................................... 63
Figure 27 Initial Setup Example: Management IP Address ................................................................... 63
Figure 28 Port Status ............................................................................................................................. 65
Figure 29 Status: Port Details ............................................................................................................... 67
Figure 30 System Info ........................................................................................................................... 72
Figure 31 General Setup ....................................................................................................................... 73
Figure 32 Switch Setup ......................................................................................................................... 75
Figure 33 IP Setup ................................................................................................................................. 78
Figure 34 Port Setup ............................................................................................................................. 80
Figure 35 Port VLAN Trunking ............................................................................................................... 87
Figure 36 Selecting a VLAN Type ......................................................................................................... 87
Figure 37 802.1Q VLAN Status ............................................................................................................. 88
Figure 38 802.1Q VLAN Detail ............................................................................................................. 88
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21
List of Figures
Figure 39 802.1Q VLAN Port Settings ................................................................................................... 89
Figure 40 802.1Q Static VLAN .............................................................................................................. 91
Figure 41 Static VLAN: Summary Table ................................................................................................ 92
Figure 42 VID1 Example Screen ........................................................................................................... 93
Figure 43 Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected) .............................................................................. 94
Figure 44 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port isolation) ................................................................................ 94
Figure 45 Static MAC Forwarding .......................................................................................................... 97
Figure 46 Static MAC Forwarding: Summary Table ............................................................................... 98
Figure 47 Filtering ................................................................................................................................ 101
Figure 48 Filtering: Summary Table ..................................................................................................... 102
Figure 49 MRSTP Network Example ................................................................................................... 105
Figure 50 Spanning Tree Protocol RSTP and MRSTP ......................................................................... 106
Figure 51 RSTP: Configuration ........................................................................................................... 107
Figure 52 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol: Status ................................................................................. 109
Figure 53 MRSTP: Configuration .........................................................................................................110
Figure 54 MRSTP: Status .....................................................................................................................112
Figure 55 Bandwidth Control ................................................................................................................114
Figure 56 Broadcast Storm Control ......................................................................................................115
Figure 57 Mirroring ...............................................................................................................................117
Figure 58 Link Aggregation: Link Aggregation Protocol Status .......................................................... 120
Figure 59 Link Aggregation: Configuration .......................................................................................... 121
Figure 60 RADIUS Server ................................................................................................................... 123
Figure 61 Port Authentication .............................................................................................................. 125
Figure 62 Port Authentication: RADIUS .............................................................................................. 125
Figure 63 Port Authentication: 802.1x ................................................................................................. 126
Figure 64 Port Security ........................................................................................................................ 130
Figure 65 Classifier .............................................................................................................................. 134
Figure 66 Classifier: Summary Table ................................................................................................... 136
Figure 67 Classifier: Example .............................................................................................................. 138
Figure 68 Policy ................................................................................................................................... 140
Figure 69 Policy: Summary Table ........................................................................................................ 142
Figure 70 Policy Example .................................................................................................................... 144
Figure 71 Queuing Method .................................................................................................................. 147
Figure 72 Multicast Status ................................................................................................................... 150
Figure 73 Multicast Setting .................................................................................................................. 151
Figure 74 Multicast: IGMP Filtering Profile .......................................................................................... 153
Figure 75 MVR Network Example ....................................................................................................... 154
Figure 76 MVR Multicast Television Example ..................................................................................... 155
Figure 77 MVR .................................................................................................................................... 156
Figure 78 MVR Group Configuration ................................................................................................... 158
Figure 79 MVR Configuration Example ............................................................................................... 159
Figure 80 MVR Configuration Example ............................................................................................... 159
Figure 81 MVR Configuration Example ............................................................................................... 160
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List of Figures
Figure 82 MVR Configuration Example ............................................................................................... 160
Figure 83 DHCP Relay ........................................................................................................................ 162
Figure 84 Static Routing ...................................................................................................................... 165
Figure 85 Static Routing: Summary Table ........................................................................................... 166
Figure 86 Maintenance ........................................................................................................................ 167
Figure 87 Firmware Upgrade ............................................................................................................... 168
Figure 88 Restore Configuration ......................................................................................................... 169
Figure 89 Backup Configuration .......................................................................................................... 169
Figure 90 Confirm Load Factory Defaults ............................................................................................ 170
Figure 91 Close Browser after Load Factory Defaults .......................................................................... 170
Figure 92 Reboot System: Confirmation ............................................................................................. 171
Figure 93 Access Control .................................................................................................................... 175
Figure 94 Console Port Priority .......................................................................................................... 176
Figure 95 SNMP Management Model ................................................................................................. 176
Figure 96 Access Control: SNMP ........................................................................................................ 178
Figure 97 Access Control: Logins ........................................................................................................ 179
Figure 98 SSH Communication Example ............................................................................................ 180
Figure 99 How SSH Works .................................................................................................................. 180
Figure 100 HTTPS Implementation ..................................................................................................... 181
Figure 101 Security Alert Dialog Box (Internet Explorer) ..................................................................... 182
Figure 102 Security Certificate 1 (Netscape) ....................................................................................... 183
Figure 103 Security Certificate 2 (Netscape) ....................................................................................... 183
Figure 104 Example: Lock Denoting a Secure Connection ................................................................ 184
Figure 105 Access Control: Service Access Control ........................................................................... 184
Figure 106 Access Control: Remote Management .............................................................................. 185
Figure 107 Diagnostic .......................................................................................................................... 187
Figure 108 Syslog Setup ..................................................................................................................... 190
Figure 109 Syslog Server Setup .......................................................................................................... 191
Figure 110 Clustering Application Example ......................................................................................... 193
Figure 111 Cluster Management Status ............................................................................................... 194
Figure 112 Cluster Member Web Configuration Screen ...................................................................... 195
Figure 113 Example: Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch ............................................. 195
Figure 114 Configuring Cluster Management ...................................................................................... 196
Figure 115 MAC Table Flowchart ........................................................................................................ 199
Figure 116 MAC Table ......................................................................................................................... 200
Figure 117 ARP Table .......................................................................................................................... 202
Figure 118 Configure Clone ................................................................................................................. 203
Figure 119 Initial Console Port Screen ................................................................................................ 208
Figure 120 CLI: Login Screen .............................................................................................................. 209
Figure 121 CLI Help: List of Commands: Example 1 .......................................................................... 210
Figure 122 CLI Help: List of Commands: Example 2 .......................................................................... 210
Figure 123 CLI Help: Detailed Command Information: Example 1 .......................................................211
Figure 124 CLI: Help: Detailed Command Information: Example 2 ......................................................211
GS-3012/GS-3012F User’s Guide
23
List of Figures
Figure 125 CLI: History Command Example .......................................................................................213
Figure 126 CLI: write memory ............................................................................................................. 213
Figure 127 show system-information Command Example .................................................................. 239
Figure 128 how hardware-monitor Command Example ...................................................................... 240
Figure 129 show ip Command Example .............................................................................................. 240
Figure 130 show logging Command Example ..................................................................................... 241
Figure 131 show interface Command Example ................................................................................... 242
Figure 132 show mac address-table Command Example ................................................................... 243
Figure 133 ping Command Example ................................................................................................... 243
Figure 134 traceroute Command Example .......................................................................................... 244
Figure 135 Enable RSTP Command Example .................................................................................... 244
Figure 136 CLI: Backup Configuration Example ................................................................................. 245
Figure 137 CLI: Restore Configuration Example .................................................................................245
Figure 138 boot config Command Example ........................................................................................246
Figure 139 CLI: reload config Command Example .............................................................................. 246
Figure 140 CLI: Reset to the Factory Default Example ....................................................................... 246
Figure 141 no mirror-port Command Example .................................................................................... 247
Figure 142 no trunk Command Example ............................................................................................. 247
Figure 143 no port-access-authenticator Command Example ............................................................ 248
Figure 144 no ssh Command Example ............................................................................................... 249
Figure 145 interface port-channel Command Example ....................................................................... 249
Figure 146 interface bpdu-control Command Example ....................................................................... 250
Figure 147 broadcast-limit Command Example .................................................................................. 250
Figure 148 bandwidth-limit Command Example .................................................................................. 251
Figure 149 mirror Command Example ................................................................................................ 251
Figure 150 gvrp Command Example ................................................................................................... 252
Figure 151 ingress-check Command Example .................................................................................... 252
Figure 152 vlan-trunking Command Example ..................................................................................... 252
Figure 153 weight Command Example ............................................................................................... 253
Figure 154 egress set Command Example .......................................................................................253
Figure 155 qos priority Command Example ........................................................................................ 254
Figure 156 name Command Example ................................................................................................. 254
Figure 157 speed-duplex Command Example .................................................................................... 255
Figure 158 Tagged VLAN Configuration and Activation Example ....................................................... 258
Figure 159 CPU VLAN Configuration and Activation Example ........................................................... 258
Figure 160 garp status Command Example ........................................................................................259
Figure 161 show gvrp Command Example ......................................................................................... 260
Figure 162 port default vid Command Example .................................................................................. 261
Figure 163 frame type Command Example .........................................................................................261
Figure 164 no gvrp Command Example .............................................................................................. 261
Figure 165 Modifying Static VLAN Example ........................................................................................ 262
Figure 166 no vlan Command Example .............................................................................................. 263
Figure 167 show vlan Command Example ..........................................................................................264
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List of Figures
Figure 168 Pop-up Blocker ................................................................................................................... 273
Figure 169 Internet Options ................................................................................................................. 274
Figure 170 Internet Options .................................................................................................................. 275
Figure 171 Pop-up Blocker Settings ..................................................................................................... 275
Figure 172 Internet Options .................................................................................................................. 276
Figure 173 Security Settings - Java Scripting ....................................................................................... 277
Figure 174 Security Settings - Java ...................................................................................................... 277
Figure 175 Java (Sun) .......................................................................................................................... 278
Figure 176 Network Number and Host ID ............................................................................................ 280
Figure 177 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting ............................................................................ 282
Figure 178 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting ............................................................................... 283
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25
List of Figures
26
GS-3012/GS-3012F User’s Guide
List of Tables
List of Tables
Table 1 Front Panel Connections .......................................................................................................... 44
Table 2 LED Descriptions ...................................................................................................................... 48
Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview ....................................................................................... 54
Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details .............................................................................. 55
Table 5 Navigation Panel Sub-link Descriptions .................................................................................... 55
Table 6 Port Status ................................................................................................................................ 66
Table 7 Status: Port Details ................................................................................................................... 67
Table 8 System Info ............................................................................................................................... 72
Table 9 General Setup ........................................................................................................................... 74
Table 10 Switch Setup ........................................................................................................................... 76
Table 11 IP Setup .................................................................................................................................. 78
Table 12 Port Setup ............................................................................................................................... 80
Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN terminology ............................................................................................. 86
Table 14 802.1Q VLAN Status ............................................................................................................... 88
Table 15 802.1Q VLAN Detail ................................................................................................................ 89
Table 16 802.1Q VLAN Port Settings .................................................................................................... 90
Table 17 802.1Q Static VLAN ................................................................................................................ 91
Table 18 Static VLAN: Summary Table .................................................................................................. 92
Table 19 Port Based VLAN Setup ......................................................................................................... 95
Table 20 Static MAC Forwarding ........................................................................................................... 98
Table 21 Static MAC Forwarding: Summary Table ................................................................................ 98
Table 22 Filtering ................................................................................................................................. 101
Table 23 Filtering: Summary Table ...................................................................................................... 102
Table 24 STP Path Costs .................................................................................................................... 104
Table 25 STP Port States .................................................................................................................... 105
Table 26 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status ............................................................................................. 106
Table 27 RSTP: Configuration ............................................................................................................. 107
Table 28 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol: Status .................................................................................. 109
Table 29 MRSTP: Configuration ...........................................................................................................110
Table 30 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status ..............................................................................................112
Table 31 Bandwidth Control ..................................................................................................................114
Table 32 Broadcast Storm Control ........................................................................................................116
Table 33 Mirroring .................................................................................................................................118
Table 34 Link Aggregation ID: Local Switch ........................................................................................ 120
Table 35 Link Aggregation ID: Peer Switch ......................................................................................... 120
Table 36 Link Aggregation: Link Aggregation Protocol Status ............................................................. 120
Table 37 Link Aggregation: Configuration ............................................................................................ 121
Table 38 Supported VSA ..................................................................................................................... 124
GS-3012/GS-3012F User’s Guide
27
List of Tables
Table 39 Supported Tunnel Protocol Attribute ..................................................................................... 124
Table 40 Port Authentication: RADIUS ................................................................................................ 125
Table 41 Port Authentication: 802.1x ................................................................................................... 126
Table 42 Port Security ......................................................................................................................... 130
Table 43 Classifier ............................................................................................................................... 134
Table 44 Classifier: Summary Table .................................................................................................... 136
Table 45 Common Ethernet Types and Protocol Number ................................................................... 136
Table 46 Common IP Ports .................................................................................................................. 137
Table 47 Policy .................................................................................................................................... 141
Table 48 Policy: Summary Table ......................................................................................................... 143
Table 49 Physical Queue Priority ......................................................................................................... 145
Table 50 Queuing Method ................................................................................................................... 147
Table 51 Multicast Status ..................................................................................................................... 150
Table 52 Multicast Setting .................................................................................................................... 151
Table 53 Multicast: IGMP Filtering Profile ............................................................................................ 153
Table 54 MVR ...................................................................................................................................... 156
Table 55 MVR Group Configuration ..................................................................................................... 158
Table 56 DHCP Relay .......................................................................................................................... 162
Table 57 Static Routing ........................................................................................................................ 165
Table 58 Static Routing: Summary Table ............................................................................................. 166
Table 59 Maintenance ......................................................................................................................... 167
Table 60 Filename Conventions .......................................................................................................... 172
Table 61 General Commands for GUI-based FTP Clients .................................................................. 173
Table 62 Access Control Overview ...................................................................................................... 175
Table 63 SNMP Commands ................................................................................................................ 176
Table 64 SNMP Traps .......................................................................................................................... 177
Table 65 Access Control: SNMP ......................................................................................................... 178
Table 66 Access Control: Logins ......................................................................................................... 179
Table 67 Access Control: Service Access Control ...............................................................................185
Table 68 Access Control: Remote Management ................................................................................. 185
Table 69 Diagnostic ............................................................................................................................. 187
Table 70 Syslog Severity Levels .......................................................................................................... 189
Table 71 Syslog Setup ......................................................................................................................... 190
Table 72 Syslog Server Setup ............................................................................................................. 191
Table 73 ZyXEL Clustering Management Specifications ..................................................................... 193
Table 74 Cluster Management Status .................................................................................................. 194
Table 75 FTP Upload to Cluster member Example ............................................................................. 195
Table 76 Configuring Cluster Management ......................................................................................... 197
Table 77 MAC Table ............................................................................................................................ 200
Table 78 ARP Table ............................................................................................................................. 202
Table 79 Configure Clone .................................................................................................................... 204
Table 80 Command Interpreter Mode Summary ................................................................................ 212
Table 81 Command Summary: User Mode ......................................................................................... 214
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List of Tables
Table 82 Command Summary: Enable Mode ...................................................................................... 215
Table 83 Command Summary: Configure Mode ................................................................................. 220
Table 84 Command Summary: config-vlan Commands ...................................................................... 232
Table 85 Command Summary: Interface ............................................................................................. 233
Table 86 Command Summary: mvr Commands .................................................................................. 236
Table 87 Troubleshooting the Start-Up of Your Switch ........................................................................ 265
Table 88 Troubleshooting Accessing the Switch .................................................................................265
Table 89 Troubleshooting the Password .............................................................................................. 266
Table 90 General Product Specifications ............................................................................................. 269
Table 91 Performance and Management Specifications ..................................................................... 270
Table 92 Physical and Environmental Specifications ........................................................................... 271
Table 93 Firmware Features ................................................................................................................ 271
Table 94 Subnet Mask Example .......................................................................................................... 280
Table 95 Subnet Masks ....................................................................................................................... 281
Table 96 Maximum Host Numbers ...................................................................................................... 281
Table 97 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation ......................................................................................... 281
Table 98 Subnet 1 ................................................................................................................................ 283
Table 99 Subnet 2 ................................................................................................................................ 284
Table 100 Subnet 3 .............................................................................................................................. 284
Table 101 Subnet 4 .............................................................................................................................. 284
Table 102 Eight Subnets ...................................................................................................................... 284
Table 103 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning ............................................................................ 285
Table 104 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning ............................................................................ 285
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List of Tables
30
GS-3012/GS-3012F User’s Guide
PART I
Introduction and
Hardware Overview
Getting to Know Your Switch (33)
Hardware Installation and Connection (39)
Hardware Overview (43)
31
32
CHAPTER 1
Getting to Know Your Switch
This chapter describes the key features, benefits and applications of the switch.
1.1 Introduction
The GS-3012 and GS-3012F are layer 2 stand-alone Gigabit Ethernet switches.
The GS-3012 has 12 100/1000Mbps ports and four mini-GBIC slots for optical uplinking.
There are two GS-3012 models. The GS-3012 DC model requires DC power supply input of 48 VDC to -60 VDC, 1.5A Max. The GS-3012 AC model requires 100~240VAC/1.5A power.
The GS-3012F has 12 mini-GBIC slots and four 100/1000Mbps ports for uplinking. There are
two GS-3012F models. The GS-3012F DC model requires DC power supply input of -48 VDC
to -60 VDC, 1.25A Max. The GS-3012F AC model requires 100~240VAC/1.5A power.
This section shows a few examples of using the switch in various network environments.
1.1.1 Backbone Application
In this application, the switch is an ideal solution for small networks where rapid growth can
be expected in the near future. The switch can be used standalone for a group of heavy traffic
users. You can connect computers directly to the switch’s ports or connect other switches to
the switch.
In this example, all computers connected directly or indirectly to the switch can share super
high-speed applications on the Gigabit server. To expand the network, simply add more
networking devices such as switches, routers, firewalls, print servers etc.
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Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
Figure 1 Backbone Application
1.1.2 Bridging Example
In this example application the switch is the ideal solution for different company departments
to connect to the corporate backbone. It can alleviate bandwidth contention and eliminate
server and network bottlenecks. All users that need high bandwidth can connect to high-speed
department servers via the switch. You can provide a super-fast uplink connection by
installing the transceiver(s) in the mini-GBIC slots.
Moreover, the switch eases supervision and maintenance by allowing network managers to
centralize multiple servers at a single location.
" Full-duplex mode operation only applies to point-to-point access (for example,
when attaching the switch to a workstation, server, or another switch). When
connecting to hubs, use a standard cascaded connection set at half-duplex
operation.
Figure 2 Bridging Application
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GS-3012/GS-3012F User’s Guide
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
1.1.3 High Performance Switched Workgroup Example
The switch is ideal for connecting two power workgroups that need high bandwidth. In the
following example, use trunking to connect these two power workgroups.
Switching to higher-speed LANs such as FDDI or ATM is not feasible for most people due to
the expense of replacing all existing Ethernet cables and adapter cards, restructuring your
network and complex maintenance.
The switch can provide the same bandwidth as FDDI and ATM at much lower cost while still
being able to use existing adapters and switches. Moreover, the current LAN structure can be
retained as all ports can freely communicate with each other.
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Application
1.1.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples
This section shows a workgroup and a shared server example using 802.1Q tagged VLANs.
For more information on VLANs, see the Switch Setup section and the VLAN Setup chapter
in this User’s Guide. A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be
partitioned into multiple logical networks. Stations on a logical network belong to one group.
A station can belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a station cannot directly talk to or
hear from stations that are not in the same group(s) unless such traffic first goes through a
router.
1.1.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Workgroup Example
Ports in the same VLAN group share the same broadcast domain thus increase network
performance through reduced broadcast traffic. VLAN groups can be modified at any time by
adding, moving or changing ports without any re-cabling.
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Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
Figure 4 Tag-based VLAN Application
1.1.4.2 VLAN Shared Server Example
Shared resources such as a server can be used by all ports in the same VLAN as the server, as
shown in the following example. In this example, only ports that need access to the server
need belong to VLAN 1 while they can belong to other VLAN groups too.
Figure 5 Shared Server Using VLAN Example
1.2 Ways to Manage the Switch
Use any of the following methods to manage the switch.
• Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the switch using a
(supported) web browser. See Chapter 4 on page 53.
• Command Line Interface. Line commands offer an alternative to the web configurator and
in some cases are necessary to configure advanced features. See Chapter 32 on page 207 .
• FTP. Use FTP for firmware upgrades and configuration backup/restore. See Section 24.8
on page 171.
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GS-3012/GS-3012F User’s Guide
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
• SNMP. The switch can be monitored by an SNMP manager. See Section 25.3 on page
176.
• Cluster Management. Cluster Management allows you to manage multiple switches
through one switch, called the cluster manager. See Chapter 28 on page 193.
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the switch
Do the following things regularly to make the switch more secure and to manage the switch
more effectively.
• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists of
different types of characters, such as numbers and letters.
• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.
• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an
earlier working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even
crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to reset the switch to its factory default
settings. If you backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally reconfigure the switch. You could simply restore your last configuration.
GS-3012/GS-3012F User’s Guide
37
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
38
GS-3012/GS-3012F User’s Guide
CHAPTER 2
Hardware Installation and
Connection
This chapter shows you how to install and connect the switch.
2.1 Installation Scenarios
The switch can be placed on a desktop or rack-mounted on a standard EIA rack. Use the
rubber feet in a desktop installation and the brackets in a rack-mounted installation.
" For proper ventilation, allow at least 4 inches (10 cm) of clearance at the front
and 3.4 inches (8 cm) at the back of the switch. This is especially important for
enclosed rack installations.
2.2 Desktop Installation Procedure
1 Make sure the switch is clean and dry.
2 Set the switch on a smooth, level surface strong enough to support the weight of the
switch and the connected cables. Make sure there is a power outlet nearby.
3 Make sure there is enough clearance around the switch to allow air circulation and the
attachment of cables and the power cord.
4 Remove the adhesive backing from the rubber feet.
5 Attach the rubber feet to each corner on the bottom of the switch. These rubber feet help
protect the switch from shock or vibration and ensure space between devices when
stacking.
GS-3012/GS-3012F User’s Guide
39
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
Figure 6 Attaching Rubber Feet
" Do NOT block the ventilation holes. Leave space between devices when
stacking.
2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
The switch can be mounted on an EIA standard size, 19-inch rack or in a wiring closet with
other equipment. Follow the steps below to mount your switch on a standard EIA rack using a
rack-mounting kit.
2.3.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements
• Two mounting brackets.
• Eight M3 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
• Four M5 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
1 Failure to use the proper screws may damage the unit.
2.3.1.1 Precautions
• Make sure the rack will safely support the combined weight of all the equipment it
contains.
• Make sure the position of the switch does not make the rack unstable or top-heavy. Take
all necessary precautions to anchor the rack securely before installing the unit.
2.3.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch
1 Position a mounting bracket on one side of the switch, lining up the four screw holes on
the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the switch.
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GS-3012/GS-3012F User’s Guide
Figure 7 Attaching the Mounting Brackets
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M3 flat head screws through the mounting
bracket holes into the switch.
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to install the second mounting bracket on the other side of the
switch.
4 You may now mount the switch on a rack. Proceed to the next section.
2.3.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
1 Position a mounting bracket (that is already attached to the switch) on one side of the
rack, lining up the two screw holes on the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the
rack.
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
Figure 8 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M5 flat head screws through the mounting
bracket holes into the rack.
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to attach the second mounting bracket on the other side of the rack.
GS-3012/GS-3012F User’s Guide
41
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
42
GS-3012/GS-3012F User’s Guide
CHAPTER 3
Hardware Overview
This chapter describes the front panel and rear panel of the switch and shows you how to make
the hardware connections.
3.1 Front Panel
The following figure shows the front panel of the GS-3012. The front panel contains the
switch LEDs, 8 RJ-45 gigabit ports, four dual personality interfaces each consisting of a miniGBIC slot and an RJ-45 gigabit port as well as a console and management port for local
management.
Figure 9 Front Panel: GS-3012
LED
Ethernet Ports
The following figure shows the front panel of the GS-3012F. The front panel contains the
switch LEDs, 8 mini-GBIC slots, four dual personality interfaces each consisting of a miniGBIC slot and an RJ-45 gigabit port as well as a console and management port for local
management.
Figure 10 Front Panel: GS-3012F
MIni-GBIC slots
Dual Personality Interfaces
Console Port
Management Port
Console Port
GS-3012/GS-3012F User’s Guide
Dual Personality Interfaces
Management Port
43
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
The following table describes the port labels on the front panel.
Table 1 Front Panel Connections
LABEL DESCRIPTION
8 100/1000
Mbps RJ-45
Ethernet Ports
(GS-3012)
8 Mini-GBIC
Slots (GS-
3012F)
Four Dual
Personality
Interfaces
Console Port The console port is for local configuration of the switch.
Management
Port
Connect these 1Gbps Electrical Ethernet ports to high-bandwidth backbone network
Ethernet switches or use them to daisy-chain other switches.
Use mini-GBIC transceivers in these slots for fiber-optic connections to backbone
Ethernet switches.
Each interface has one 1000 Base-T copper RJ-45 port and one Small Form-Factor
Pluggable (SFP) fiber port, with one port active at a time.
• 4 100/1000 Mbps RJ-45 Gigabit Ports:
Connect these Gigabit Ethernet ports to high-bandwidth backbone network
Ethernet switches.
•4 Mini-GBIC Slots:
Use mini-GBIC transceivers in these slots for fiber-optic connections to backbone
Ethernet switches.
Connect to a computer using an RJ-45 Ethernet cable for local configuration of the
switch.
3.1.1 Console Port
For local management, you can use a computer with terminal emulation software configured
to the following parameters:
•VT100
• Terminal emulation
• 9600 bps
• No parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit
• No flow control
Connect the male 9-pin end of the console cable to the console port of the GS-3012F switch.
Connect the female end to a serial port (COM1, COM2 or other COM port) of your computer.
3.1.2 Gigabit Ports
The GS-3012 has 100/1000Mbps auto-negotiating, auto-crossover Gigabit ports. The speed of
the Gigabit ports can be 100Mbps or 1000Mbps and the duplex mode can be half duplex (for
100 Mbps) or full duplex. The GS-3012’s mini-GBIC slots are paired with Gigabit ports.
The GS-3012F has 100/1000Mbps auto-negotiating, auto-crossover Gigabit ports. The speed
of the Gigabit ports can be 100Mbps or 1000Mbps and the duplex mode can be half duplex (at
100 Mbps) or full duplex. The GS-3012F’s Gigabit ports are paired with mini-GBIC slots.
The switch uses up to one connection for each mini-GBIC and Gigabit pair. The mini-GBIC
ports have priority over the Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC port and the
corresponding Gigabit port are connected at the same time, the Gigabit port will be disabled.
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GS-3012/GS-3012F User’s Guide
When auto-negotiation is turned on, a Gigabit port negotiates with the peer automatically to
determine the connection speed and duplex mode. If the peer Ethernet port does not support
auto-negotiation or turns off this feature, the switch determines the connection speed by
detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex mode. When the switch’s autonegotiation is turned off, a Gigabit port uses the pre-configured speed and duplex mode when
making a connection, thus requiring you to make sure that the settings of the peer Ethernet port
are the same in order to connect.
3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Negotiation Settings
The factory default negotiation settings for the Gigabit ports on the GS-3012 are:
• Speed: Auto
• Duplex: Auto
• Flow control: Off
• Link Aggregation: Disabled
The factory default negotiation settings for the Gigabit ports on the GS-3012F are:
• Speed: Auto
• Duplex: Auto
• Flow control: Off
• Link Aggregation: Disabled
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
3.1.2.2 Auto-crossover
All ports are auto-crossover, that is auto-MDIX ports (Media Dependent Interface Crossover),
so you may use either a straight-through Ethernet cable or crossover Ethernet cable for all
Gigabit port connections. Auto-crossover ports automatically sense whether they need to
function as crossover or straight ports, so crossover cables can connect both computers and
switches/hubs.
3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slots
These are slots for mini-GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter) transceivers. A transceiver is a
single unit that houses a transmitter and a receiver. The GS does not come with transceivers.
You must use transceivers that comply with the Small Form-factor Pluggable (SFP)
Transceiver MultiSource Agreement (MSA). See the SFF committee’s INF-8074i
specification Rev 1.0 for details.
You can change transceivers while the switch is operating. You can use different transceivers
to connect to Ethernet switches with different types of fiber-optic connectors.
1 To avoid possible eye injury, do not look into an operating fiber-optic module’s
connectors.
• Type: SFP connection interface
• Connection speed: 1 Gigabit per second (Gbps)
GS-3012/GS-3012F User’s Guide
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation
Use the following steps to install a mini-GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
1 Insert the transceiver into the slot with the exposed section of PCB board facing down.
2 Press the transceiver firmly until it clicks into place.
3 The switch automatically detects the installed transceiver. Check the LEDs to verify that
it is functioning properly.
4 Close the transceiver’s latch (latch styles vary).
5 Connect the fiber optic cables to the transceiver.
Figure 11 Transceiver Installation Example
Figure 12 Connecting the Fiber Optic Cables
3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal
Use the following steps to remove a mini-GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
1 Remove the fiber optic cables from the transceiver.
2 Open the transceiver’s latch (latch styles vary).
3 Pull the transceiver out of the slot.
Figure 13 Removing the Fiber Optic Cables
Figure 14 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example
46
GS-3012/GS-3012F User’s Guide
Figure 15 Transceiver Removal Example
3.1.4 Management Port
The MGMT (management) port is used for local management. Connect directly to this port
using an Ethernet cable. You can configure the switch via Telnet or the web configurator.
The default IP address of the management port is 192.168.0.1 with a subnet mask of
255.255.255.0.
3.2 Rear Panel
The following figures show the rear panels of the GS-3012 AC and DC power models
followed by the GS-3012F AC and DC power models. The rear panel contains the power
receptacle and a connector for external backup power supply.
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
Figure 16 Rear Panel: GS-3012 AC Power Model
Figure 17 Rear Panel: GS-3012 DC Power Model
Figure 18 Rear Panel: GS-3012F AC Power Model
Figure 19 Rear Panel: GS-3012F DC Power Model
3.2.1 Power Connector
" Make sure you are using the correct power source as shown on the panel.
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
To connect the power to the AC power model, insert the female end of power cord to the
power receptacle on the rear panel. Connect the other end of the supplied power cord to a
100~240VAC/1.5A power outlet. Make sure that no objects obstruct the airflow of the fans
(located on the side of the unit).
The DC power models require DC power supply input of –48 VDC to -60 VDC. The GS-3012
DC power model requires 1.5A Max. The GS-3012F DC power model requires 1.25A Max.
To connect the power to the unit, insert the one end of the supplied power cord to the power
receptacle on the rear panel and the other end to a power outlet.
3.3 LEDs
After you connect the power to the switch, view the LEDs to ensure proper functioning of the
switch and as an aid in troubleshooting.
Table 2 LED Descriptions
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
BPS Green Blinking The system is receiving power from the backup power supply.
Amber Blinking The system cannot get power from the backup power supply.
PWR Green On The system is turned on.
SYS Green Blinking The system is rebooting and performing self-diagnostic tests.
On The backup power supply is connected and active.
Off The backup power supply is not ready or not active.
Off The system is off.
On The system is on and functioning properly.
Off The power is off or the system is not ready/malfunctioning.
ALM Red On There is a hardware failure.
Off The system is functioning normally.
Mini-GBIC Slots
LNK Green On The link to this port is up.
Off The link to this port is not connected.
ACT Green Blinking This port is receiving or transmitting data.
Gigabit Ports
LNK/ACT
(GS-
3012)
FDX (GS-
3012)
Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet network.
On The link to a 1000 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet network.
On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.
Amber On The Gigabit port is negotiating in full-duplex mode.
Off The Gigabit port is negotiating in half-duplex mode.
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Table 2 LED Descriptions (continued)
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
1000
(GS3012F)
Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet network.
On The link to a 1000 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Off The link to a 1000 Mbps Ethernet network is down.
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
100 (GS3012F)
MGMT
10 Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet device.
100 Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet device.
Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet network.
On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Off The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is down.
On The port is connected at 10Mbps.
Off The port is not connected at 10Mbps or to an Ethernet device.
On The port is connected at 100Mbps.
Off The port is not connected at 100Mbps or to an Ethernet device.
3.4 Configuring the Switch
You may use the embedded web configurator or command line interface to configure the
switch. If you’re using the web configurator, you need Internet Explorer 5.5 and later or
Netscape Navigator 6 and later.
You can access the command line interface using a terminal emulation program on a computer
connected to the switch console port (see Section 3.1.1 on page 44) or access the switch using
Teln et.
The next part of this guide discusses configuring the switch using the web configurator.
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
50
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PART II
Basic Settings
Introducing the Web Configurator (53)
Initial Setup Example (61)
System Status and Port Details (65)
Basic Setting (71)
51
52
CHAPTER 4
Introducing the Web
Configurator
This section introduces the configuration and functions of the web configurator.
4.1 Introduction
The embedded web configurator allows you to manage the switch from anywhere through a
standard browser such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator.
" Use Internet Explorer 5.5 and later or Netscape Navigator 6 and later versions.
4.2 System Login
1 Start your Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator web browser.
2 Type “http://” and the IP address of the switch (for example, the default for the
management port is 192.168.0.1 and for the switch port is 192.168.1.1) in the Location
or Address field. Press Enter.
3 The login screen appears. The default username is admin and the associated default
password is 1234. The date and time display as shown if you have not configured a time
server nor manually entered a time and date in the General Setup screen.
Figure 20 Web Configurator: login
4 Click OK to view the first web configurator screen.
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Chapter 4 Introducing the Web Configurator
4.3 Status Screen
The Status screen is the first web configurator screen you see after you log in. The following
figure shows the navigating components of a web configurator screen.
Figure 21 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status)
In the navigation panel, click a main link to reveal a list of submenu links.
Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview
BASIC SETTING
ADVANCED
APPLICATION
IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
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Chapter 4 Introducing the Web Configurator
The following table lists the various web configurator screens within the sub-links.
Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details
BASIC SETTING
System Info
General Setup
Switch Setup
IP Setup
Port Setup
ADVANCED
APPLICATION
VLAN Status
VLAN Port Setting
Static VLAN
Port Based VLAN
Setup
Static MAC Forwarding
Filtering
Spanning Tree Protocol
Spanning Tree Protocol
Status
Spanning Tree
Configuration
Multiple Rapid
Spanning Tree Protocol
Status
Multiple Rapid
Spanning Tree
Configuration
Bandwidth Control
Broadcast Storm Control
Mirroring
Link Aggregation
Status
Link Aggregation
Configuration
Port Authentication
RADIUS
802.1x
Port Security
Classifier
Policy Rule
Queuing Method
Multicast
Multicast Status
Multicast Setting
IGMP Filtering Profile
MVR
DHCP Relay
IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
Static Routing Maintenance
Firmware Upgrade
Restore
Configuration
Backup Configuration
Load Factory Default
Save Configuration
Reboot System
Access Control
SNMP
Logins
Service Access
Control
Remote Management
Diagnostic
Syslog
Syslog Setup
Syslog Server Setup
Cluster Management
Status
Cluster Management
Configuration
MAC Table
ARP Table
Configure Clone
The following table summarizes these sub-links in the navigation panel.
Table 5 Navigation Panel Sub-link Descriptions
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Basic Setting
System Info This link takes you to a screen that displays general system and hardware
General Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure general identification
Switch Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can set up global switch parameters
IP Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the IP address, subnet
GS-3012/GS-3012F User’s Guide
monitoring information.
information about the switch.
such as VLAN type, MAC address learning, GARP and priority queues.
mask (necessary for switch management) and DNS (domain name server).
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Chapter 4 Introducing the Web Configurator
Table 5 Navigation Panel Sub-link Descriptions (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port Setup This link takes you to screens where you can configure settings for individual
switch ports.
Advanced Application
VLAN This link takes you to screens where you can configure port-based or 802.1Q
VLAN (depending on what you configured in the Switch Setup menu).
Static MAC
Forwarding
Filtering This link takes you to a screen to set up filtering rules.
Spanning Tree
Protocol
Bandwidth Control This link takes you to screens where you can cap the maximum bandwidth
Broadcast Storm
Control
Mirroring This link takes you to screens where you can copy traffic from one port or ports
Link Aggregation This link takes you to a screen where you can logically trunk physical links to
Port Authentication This link takes you to a screen where you can configure RADIUS (Remote
Port Security This link takes you to a screen where you can activate MAC address learning
Classifier This link takes you to a screen where you can configure classifiers.
Policy Rule This link takes you to a screen where you can configure policy rules.
Queuing Method This link takes you to a screen where you can configure SPQ or WRR with
Multicast This link takes you to a screen where you can configure various multicast
DHCP Relay This link takes you to a screen where you can configure DHCP relay
IP Application
Static Routing This link takes you to screens where you can configure static routes. A static
Management
Maintenance This link takes you to screens where you can perform firmware and
Access Control This link takes you to screens where you can change the system login password
Diagnostic This link takes you to screens where you can view system logs and test port(s).
Syslog This link takes you to screens where you can configure the device’s system
Cluster
Management
This link takes you to screens where you can configure static MAC addresses
for a port. These static MAC addresses do not age out.
This link takes you to screens where you can configure spanning tree settings to
prevent network loops.
allowed from specified source(s) to specified destination(s).
This link takes you to a screen to set up broadcast filters.
to another port in order that you can examine the traffic from the first port
without interference
form one logical, higher-bandwidth link.
Authentication Dial-In User Service), a protocol for user authentication that
allows you to use an external server to validate an unlimited number of users.
and set the maximum number of MAC addresses to learn on a port.
associated queue weights for each port.
features and create multicast VLANs.
information.
route defines how the switch should forward traffic by configuring the TCP/IP
parameters manually.
configuration file maintenance as well as reboot the system.
and configure SNMP and remote management.
logging settings.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure clustering management
and view its status.
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Table 5 Navigation Panel Sub-link Descriptions (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
MAC Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses (and
types) of devices attached to what ports and VLAN IDs.
ARP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses – IP
address resolution table.
Configure Clone This link takes you to a screen where you can copy attributes of one port to
other ports.
4.3.1 Change Your Password
After you log in for the first time, it is recommended you change the default Administrator
password in the Logins screen. Click Advanced Application, Access Control and then
Logins to display the next screen.
Figure 22 Web Configurator: Change Password at Login
Chapter 4 Introducing the Web Configurator
4.4 Switch Lockout
You could block yourself (and all others) from using in-band-management (managing through
the data ports) by doing one of the following:
1 Deleting the management VLAN (default is VLAN 1).
2 Deleting all port-based VLANs with the CPU port as a member. The “CPU port” is the
management port of the switch.
3 Filtering all traffic to the CPU port.
4 Disabling all ports.
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Chapter 4 Introducing the Web Configurator
5 Assigning minimum bandwidth to the CPU port. If you limit bandwidth to the CPU port,
you may find that the switch performs sluggishly or not at all.
" Be careful not to lock yourself and others out of the switch. If you do lock
yourself out, try using out-of-band management (via the management port) to
configure the switch.
4.5 Resetting the Switch
If you lock yourself (and others) from the switch or forget the switch password, you will need
to reload the factory-default configuration file.
4.5.1 Reload the Configuration File
Uploading the factory-default configuration file replaces the current configuration file with the
factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all previous configurations
and the speed of the console port will be reset to the default of 9600bps with 8 data bit, no
parity, one stop bit and flow control set to none. The password will also be reset to “1234” and
the IP address to 192.168.1.1.
To upload the configuration file, do the following:
1 Connect to the console port using a computer with terminal emulation software. See the
chapter on hardware connections for details.
2 Disconnect and reconnect the switch’s power to begin a session. When you reconnect the
switch’s power, you will see the initial screen.
3 When you see the message “Press any key to enter Debug Mode within
3 seconds” press any key to enter debug mode.
4 Type atlc after the “Enter Debug Mode” message.
5 Wait for the “Starting XMODEM upload” message before activating XMODEM
upload on your terminal.
6 After a successful configuration file upload, type atgo to finish starting the switch.
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Chapter 4 Introducing the Web Configurator
Figure 23 Resetting the Switch: Via Console Port
Bootbase Version: V3.00 | 01/14/2005 22:06:52
RAM:Size = 32 Mbytes
DRAM POST: Testing: 32768K OK
DRAM Test SUCCESS !
FLASH: Intel 32M
ZyNOS Version: V3.70(LR.0)b0 | 10/20/2006 14:53:11
Press any key to enter debug mode within 3 seconds.
....................
Enter Debug Mode
sysname> atlc
Starting XMODEM upload (CRC mode)....
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Total 393216 bytes received.
Erasing..
................................................................
OK
sysname> atgo
The switch is now reinitialized with a default configuration file including the default password
of “1234”.
4.5.2 Logging Out of the Web Configurator
Click Logout in a screen to exit the web configurator. You have to log in with your password
again after you log out. This is recommended after you finish a management session both for
security reasons and so as you don’t lock out other switch administrators.
Figure 24 Web Configurator: Logout Screen
4.5.3 Help
The web configurator’s online help has descriptions of individual screens and some
supplementary information.
Click the Help link from a web configurator screen to view an online help description of that
screen.
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Chapter 4 Introducing the Web Configurator
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CHAPTER 5
Initial Setup Example
This chapter shows how to set up the switch for an example network.
5.1 Overview
The following lists the configuration steps for the initial setup:
• Create a VLAN
• Set port VLAN ID
• Configure the switch IP management address
5.1.1 Creating a VLAN
VLANs confine broadcast frames to the VLAN group in which the port(s) belongs. You can
do this with port-based VLAN or tagged static VLAN with fixed port members.
In this example, you want to configure port 1 as a member of VLAN 2.
Figure 25 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN
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Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
1 Click Advanced Application and VLAN in the navigation panel and click the Static
VLAN link.
2 In the Static VLAN screen,
select ACTIVE, enter a
descriptive name in the Name
field and enter 2 in the VLAN
Group ID field for the VLAN2
network.
Note: The VLAN Group ID field in
this screen and the VID field
in the IP Setup screen refer
to the same VLAN ID.
3 Since the VLAN2 network is
connected to port 1 on the
switch, select Fixed to configure
port 1 to be a permanent
member of the VLAN only.
4 To ensure that VLAN-unaware
devices (such as computers and
hubs) can receive frames
properly, clear the TX Tagging
check box to set the switch to remove VLAN tags before sending.
5 Click Add to save the settings to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory
are lost when the switch’s power is turned off.
5.1.2 Setting Port VID
Use PVID to add a tag to incoming untagged frames received on that port so that the frames
are forwarded to the VLAN group that the tag defines.
62
In the example network, configure 2 as the port VID on port 1 so that any untagged frames
received on that port get sent to VLAN 2.
GS-3012/GS-3012F User’s Guide
Figure 26 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID
1 Click Advanced Applications
and VLAN in the navigation
panel. Then click the VLAN
Port Setting link.
2 Enter 2 in the PVID field for
port 1 and click Apply to save
your changes back to the runtime memory. Settings in the
run-time memory are lost
when the switch’s power is
turned off.
Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
5.2 Configuring Switch Management IP Address
The default management IP address of the switch is 192.168.1.1. You can configure another IP
address in a different subnet for management purposes. The following figure shows an
example.
Figure 27 Initial Setup Example: Management IP Address
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Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example
1 Connect your computer to any Ethernet port on the switch. Make sure your computer is
in the same subnet as the switch.
2 Open your web browser and enter 192.168.1.1 (the default IP address) in the address bar
to access the web configurator. See Section 4.2 on page 53 for more information.
3 Click Basic Setting and IP
Setup in the navigation panel.
4 Configure the related fields in
the IP Setup screen.
5 For the VLAN2 network, enter
192.168.2.1 as the IP address
and 255.255.255.0 as the subnet
mask.
6 In the VID field, enter the ID of
the VLAN group to which you
want this management IP
address to belong. This is the
same as the VLAN ID you
configure in the Static VLAN
screen.
7 Click Add to save your changes
back to the run-time memory.
Settings in the run-time memory
are lost when the switch’s power
is turned off.
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CHAPTER 6
System Status and Port Details
This chapter describes the system status (web configurator home page) and port details
screens.
6.1 About System Statistics and Information
The status screen of the web configurator displays a port statistical summary with links to each
port showing statistical details.
6.2 Port Status Summary
To view the port statistics, click Status in all web configurator screens to display the Port
Status screen as shown next.
Figure 28 Port Status
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Chapter 6 System Status and Port Details
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 6 Port Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port This identifies the Gigabit port. Click a port number to display the Port Details screen
Name This field displays the port name you configured in the Port Setup screen.
Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbps or 1000M for
State If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP state of the
LACP This fields displays whether the Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) has been
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port.
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port.
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.
Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time in hours, minutes and seconds the port has
Clear Counter Select Any and then click Clear Counter to erase the recorded statistical information
(refer to Figure 29 on page 67).
1000Mbps) and the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half duplex). It also shows the
cable type (Copper or Fiber) for the combo ports.
port (see Section 11.1.3 on page 105 for more information).
If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up, otherwise, it
displays STOP.
enabled on the port.
been up.
for all ports.
Otherwise, select Port and enter a port number and then click Clear Counter to erase
the recorded statistical information for that port.
6.2.1 Port Details
Click a number in the Port column in the Status screen to display individual port statistics.
Use this screen to check status and detailed performance data about an individual port on the
switch.
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Figure 29 Status: Port Details
Chapter 6 System Status and Port Details
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7 Status: Port Details
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port Info
Port NO. This field identifies the Gigabit port described in this screen.
Name This field displays the port name you configured in the Port Setup screen.
Link This field shows whether the port connection is down, and the speed/duplex mode. It
also shows the cable type (Copper or Fiber) for the combo ports.
Status If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP state of the port
(see Section 11.1.3 on page 105 for more information).
If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up, otherwise, it
displays STOP.
LACP This field shows if LACP is enabled on this port or not.
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Chapter 6 System Status and Port Details
Table 7 Status: Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the number kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.
Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time the connection has been up.
Tx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about frames transmitted.
TX Packets This field shows the number of good frames (unicast, multicast and broadcast)
transmitted.
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast frames transmitted.
Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast frames transmitted.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause frames transmitted.
Tagged This field shows the number of frames with VLAN tags transmitted.
Rx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about frames received.
RX Packets This field shows the number of good frames (unicast, multicast and broadcast) received.
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast frames received.
Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast frames received.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause frames received.
Control This field shows the number of control received (including those with CRC error) but it
does not include the 802.3x Pause frames.
TX Collision
The following fields display information on collisions while transmitting.
Single This is a count of successfully transmitted frames for which transmission is inhibited by
exactly one collision.
Multiple This is a count of successfully transmitted frames for which transmission was inhibited
Excessive This is a count of frames for which transmission failed due to excessive collisions.
Late This is the number of times a late collision is detected, that is, after 512 bits of the frame
Error
Packet
RX CRC This field shows the number of frames received with CRC (Cyclic Redundant Check)
Length This field shows the number of frames received with a length that was out of range.
Runt This field shows the number of frames received that were too short (shorter than 64
Distribution This field shows the distribution of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)
64 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were 64
by more than one collision.
Excessive collision is defined as the number of maximum collisions before the
retransmission count is reset.
have already been transmitted.
The following fields display detailed information about frames received that were in error.
error(s).
octets), including the ones with CRC errors.
received.
octets in length.
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Chapter 6 System Status and Port Details
Table 7 Status: Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
65-127 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 65 and 127 octets in length.
128-255 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 128 and 255 octets in length.
256-511 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 256 and 511 octets in length.
512-1023 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 512 and 1023 octets in length.
1024-1518 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
Giant This field shows the number of packets dropped because they were bigger than the
between 1024 and 1518 octets in length.
maximum frame size.
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Chapter 6 System Status and Port Details
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CHAPTER 7
Basic Setting
This chapter describes how to configure the System Info, General Setup, Switch Setup, IP
Setup and Port Setup screens.
7.1 Introducing the Basic Setting Screens
The System Info screen displays general switch information (such as firmware version
number) and hardware polling information (such as fan speeds). The General Setup screen
allows you to configure general switch identification information. The General Setup screen
also allows you to set the system time manually or get the current time and date from an
external server when you turn on your switch. The real time is then displayed in the switch
logs. The Switch Setup screen allows you to set up and configure global switch features. The
IP Setup screen allows you to configure a switch IP address, subnet mask and DNS (domain
name server) for management purposes.
7.2 System Information
In the navigation panel, click Basic Setting and then System Info to display the screen as
shown. You can check the firmware version number and monitor the switch temperature, fan
speeds and voltage in this screen.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Figure 30 System Info
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 8 System Info
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name This field displays the switch's model name.
ZyNOS F/W
Version
Ethernet
Address
Hardware Monitor
Temperature
Unit
Temperature MAC, CPU and PHY refer to the location of the temperature sensors on the switch
Current This field displays the current temperature measured at this sensor.
MAX This field displays the maximum temperature measured at this sensor.
MIN This field displays the minimum temperature measured at this sensor.
Threshold This field displays the upper temperature limit at this sensor.
Status This field displays Normal for temperatures below the threshold and Error for those
Fan speed
(RPM)
Current This field displays this fan's current speed in Revolutions Per Minute (RPM)
This field displays the version number of the switch’s current firmware including the
date created.
This field refers to the Ethernet MAC (Media Access Control) address of the switch.
The switch has temperature sensors that are capable of detecting and reporting if
the temperature rises above the threshold. You may choose the temperature unit
(Centigrade or Fahrenheit) in this field.
printed circuit board.
above.
A properly functioning fan is an essential component (along with a sufficiently
ventilated, cool operating environment) in order for the device to stay within the
temperature threshold. Each fan has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
reporting if the fan speed falls below the threshold shown.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Table 8 System Info (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
MAX This field displays this fan's maximum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute
(RPM).
MIN This field displays this fan's minimum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute
(RPM).
Threshold This field displays the minimum speed at which a normal fan should work.
Status Normal indicates that this fan is functioning above the minimum speed. Error
Voltage (V) The power supply for each voltage has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
Current This is the current voltage reading.
MAX This field displays the maximum voltage measured at this point.
MIN This field displays the minimum voltage measured at this point.
Threshold This field displays the minimum voltage at which the switch should work.
Status Normal indicates that the voltage is within an acceptable operating range at this
indicates that this fan is functioning below the minimum speed.
reporting if the voltage falls out of the tolerance range.
point; otherwise Error is displayed.
7.3 General Setup
Click Basic Setting and General Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.
Use this screen to configure general settings such as the system name and time.
Figure 31 General Setup
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 9 General Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name Choose a descriptive name for identification purposes. This name consists of up to
Location Enter the geographic location (up to 32 characters) of your switch.
Contact
Person's Name
Login
Precedence
Use Time
Server When
Bootup
Time Server IP
Address
Current Time This field displays the time you open this menu (or refresh the menu).
New Time
(hh:min:ss)
Current Date This field displays the date you open this menu.
New Date (yyyymm-dd)
Time Zone Select the time difference between UTC (Universal Time Coordinated, formerly
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch
Cancel Click Cancel to start configuring the screen again.
64 printable characters; spaces are allowed.
Enter the name (up to 32 characters) of the person in charge of this switch.
Configure the local user accounts in the Access Control Logins screen. The
RADIUS is an external server. Use this drop-down list box to select which database
the switch should use (first) to authenticate a user.
Before you specify the priority, make sure you have set up the corresponding
database correctly first.
Select Local Only to have the switch just check the local user accounts configured
in the Access Control Logins screen.
Select Local then RADIUS to have the switch check the local user accounts
configured in the Access Control Logins screen. If the user name is not found, the
switch then checks the user database on the specified RADIUS server. You need to
configure the Port Authentication Radius screen first.
Select RADIUS Only to have the switch just check the user database on the
specified RADIUS server for a login username and password.
Enter the time service protocol that a timeserver sends when you turn on the switch.
Not all timeservers support all protocols, so you may have to use trial and error to
find a protocol that works. The main differences between them are the time format.
When you select the Daytime (RFC 867) format, the switch displays the day,
month, year and time with no time zone adjustment. When you use this format, it is
recommended that you use a Daytime timeserver within your geographical time
zone.
Time (RFC-868) format displays a 4-byte integer giving the total number of seconds
since 1970/1/1 at 0:0:0.
NTP (RFC-1305) is similar to Time (RFC-868)
None is the default value. Enter the time manually. Each time you turn on the
switch, the time and date will be reset to 1970-1-1 0:0.
Enter the IP address of your timeserver. The switch searches for the timeserver for
up to 60 seconds. If you select a timeserver that is unreachable, then this screen will
appear locked for 60 seconds. Please wait.
Enter the new time in hour, minute and second format. The new time then appears
in the Current Time field after you click Apply.
Enter the new date in year, month and day format. The new date then appears in
the Current Date field after you click Apply.
known as GMT, Greenwich Mean Time) and your time zone from the drop-down list
box.
loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are
done configuring.
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7.4 Introduction to VLANs
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from
devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
In MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security
among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from
accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the
printers and hard disks of another user in the same building.
VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more
manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast
packets go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a
specific broadcast domain.
Note that VLAN is unidirectional; it only governs outgoing traffic.
See the chapter on VLAN for information on port-based and 802.1Q tagged VLANs.
Chapter 7 Basic Setting
7.5 Switch Setup Screen
Click Basic Setting and then Switch Setup in the navigation panel display the screen as
shown. The VLAN setup screens change depending on whether you choose 802.1Q or Port
Based in the VLAN Type field in this screen. Refer to the chapter on VLANs.
Figure 32 Switch Setup
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 10 Switch Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Type Choose 802.1Q or Port Based. The VLAN Setup screen changes depending on
Bridge Control
Protocol
Transparency
MAC Address
Learning
Aging Time Enter a time from 10 to 3000 seconds. This is how long all dynamically learned MAC
GARP Timer
Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join message using
GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All message terminates all
registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values. See the chapter on VLAN setup for more
background information.
Join Timer Join Timer sets the duration of the Join Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds. Each
Leave
Timer
Leave All
Timer
Priority Queue Assignment IEEE 802.1p defines up to eight separate traffic types by inserting a tag into
a MAC-layer frame that contains bits to define class of service. Frames without an explicit priority tag
are given the default priority of the ingress port. Use these fields to configure the priority level-tophysical queue mapping.
The switch has eight physical queues that you can map to the eight priority levels. On the switch, traffic
assigned to higher index queues gets through faster while traffic in lower index queues is dropped if the
network is congested.
See also Queuing Method and 802.1p Priority in Port Setup for related information.
Priority Level (The following descriptions are based on the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d
standard (which incorporates the 802.1p).
Level 7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.
Level 6 Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the variations
Level 5 Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.
Level 4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems
Level 3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include
Level 2 This is for “spare bandwidth”.
Level 1 This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that
whether you choose 802.1Q VLAN Type or Port Based VLAN Type in this screen.
See Section 7.4 on page 75 and the chapter on VLAN for more information on
VLANs.
Select Active to allow the switch to handle bridging control protocols (STP for
example). You also need to define how to treat a BPDU in the Port Setup screen.
MAC address learning reduces outgoing traffic broadcasts. For MAC address
learning to occur on a port, the port must be active.
addresses remain in the MAC address table before they age out (and must be
relearned).
port has a Join Period timer. The allowed Join Time range is between 100 and 65535
milliseconds; the default is 200 milliseconds. See the chapter on VLAN setup for more
background information.
Leave Timer sets the duration of the Leave Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds.
Each port has a single Leave Period timer. Leave Time must be two times larger than
Join Timer. The default is 600 milliseconds.
Leave All Timer sets the duration of the Leave All Period timer for GVRP in
milliseconds. Each port has a single Leave All Period timer. Leave All Timer must be
larger than Leave Timer. The default is 10000 milliseconds.
in delay).
Network Architecture) transactions.
important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.
are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users.
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Table 10 Switch Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Level 0 Typically used for best-effort traffic.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
7.6 IP Setup
Use the IP Setup screen to configure the switch IP address, default gateway device, the
default domain name server and the management VLAN ID. The default gateway specifies the
IP address of the default gateway (next hop) for outgoing traffic.
7.6.1 Management IP Addresses
The switch needs an IP address for it to be managed over the network. The factory default IP
address is 192.168.1.1. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP
address. The factory default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.
Chapter 7 Basic Setting
You can configure up to 64 IP addresses which are used to access and manage the switch from
the ports belonging to the pre-defined VLAN(s).
" You must configure a VLAN first.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Figure 33 IP Setup
78
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Tabl e 11 IP Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Domain Name
Server
Default
Management
In-Band Management IP Address
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its
corresponding IP address and vice versa. Enter a domain name server IP
address in order to be able to use a domain name instead of an IP address.
Specify which traffic flow (In-Band or Out-of-band) the switch is to send
packets originating from itself (such as SNMP traps) or packets with unknown
source.
Select Out-of-band to have the switch send the packets to the out-of-band
management port. This means that device(s) connected to the other port(s) do
not receive these packets.
Select In-Band to have the switch send the packets to all ports except the outof-band management port to which connected device(s) do not receive these
packets.
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Tabl e 11 IP Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
DHCP Client Select this option if you have a DHCP server that can assign the switch an IP
address, subnet mask, a default gateway IP address and a domain name server
IP address automatically.
Static IP Address Select this option if you don’t have a DHCP server or if you wish to assign static
IP address information to the switch. You need to fill in the following fields when
you select this option.
IP Address Enter the IP address of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example
192.168.1.1.
IP Subnet Mask Enter the IP subnet mask of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example
Default Gateway Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation,
VID Enter the VLAN identification number associated with the switch IP address.
Out-of-band Management IP Address
IP Address Enter the IP address of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example
Subnet Mask Enter the IP subnet mask of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example
Default Gateway Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation,
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring the fields again.
In-band IP Addresses
You can create up to 64 IP addresses, which are used to access and manage the switch from the ports
belonging to the pre-defined VLAN(s). You must configure a VLAN first.
IP Address Enter the IP address for managing the switch by the members of the VLAN
IP Subnet Mask Enter the IP subnet mask in dotted decimal notation.
VID Type the VLAN group identification number.
Default Gateway Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation.
Add Click Add to insert the entry to the summary table below and save your changes
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Index This field displays the index number of the rule. Click an index number to edit
IP Address This field displays the IP address.
255.255.255.0.
for example 192.168.1.254.
This is the VLAN ID of the CPU and is used for management only. The default is
"1". All ports, by default, are fixed members of this "management VLAN" in order
to manage the device from any port. If a port is not a member of this VLAN, then
users on that port cannot access the device. To access the switch make sure
the port that you are connected to is a member of Management VLAN.
192.168.0.1.
If you change this IP address, make sure the computer connected to this
management port is in the same subnet before accessing the GS.
255.255.255.0.
for example 192.168.1.254.
loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the
top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you
are done configuring.
specified in the VID field below.
to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses these changes if it is turned
off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your
changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.
the rule.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Tabl e 11 IP Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IP Subnet Mask This field displays the subnet mask.
VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group.
Default Gateway This field displays the IP address of the default gateway.
Delete Check the rule(s) that you want to remove in the Delete column, then click the
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the selected checkboxes in the Delete column.
7.7 Port Setup
Click Basic Setting and then Port Setup in the navigation panel to enter the port
configuration screen. Use this screen to configure switch port settings.
Figure 34 Port Setup
Delete button.
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 12 Port Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port This is the port index number.
* Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this row
first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port basis.
Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you
make them.
Active Select this check box to enable a port. The factory default for all ports is enabled. A port
must be enabled for data transmission to occur.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Table 12 Port Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Name Enter a descriptive name that identifies this port. You can enter up to 64 alphanumeric
characters.
Note: Due to space limitation, the port name may be truncated in some
web configurator screens.
Type This field displays 10/100/1000M (Gigabit) or 1000M (GBIC).
Speed/
Duplex
Flow
Control
802.1P
Priority
BPDU
Control
Select the speed and the duplex mode of the connection on this port. Choices are Auto,
10M/Half Duplex, 10M/Full Duplex, 100M/Half Duplex, 100M/Full Duplex and 1000M/
Full Duplex (for Gigabit ports only).
Selecting Auto (auto-negotiation) allows one port to negotiate with a peer port
automatically to obtain the connection speed and duplex mode that both ends support.
When auto-negotiation is turned on, a port on the switch negotiates with the peer
automatically to determine the connection speed and duplex mode. If the peer port does
not support auto-negotiation or turns off this feature, the switch determines the
connection speed by detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex mode. When
the switch’s auto-negotiation is turned off, a port uses the pre-configured speed and
duplex mode when making a connection, thus requiring you to make sure that the
settings of the peer port are the same in order to connect.
A concentration of traffic on a port decreases port bandwidth and overflows buffer
memory causing packet discards and frame losses. Flow Control is used to regulate
transmission of signals to match the bandwidth of the receiving port.
The switch uses IEEE802.3x flow control in full duplex mode and backpressure flow
control in half duplex mode.
IEEE802.3x flow control is used in full duplex mode to send a pause signal to the sending
port, causing it to temporarily stop sending signals when the receiving port memory
buffers fill.
Back Pressure flow control is typically used in half duplex mode to send a "collision"
signal to the sending port (mimicking a state of packet collision) causing the sending port
to temporarily stop sending signals and resend later. Select this option to enable flow
control.
This priority value is added to incoming frames without a (802.1p) priority queue tag. See
Priority Queue Assignment in Switch Setup and Queuing Method for related
information.
Configure the way to treat BPDUs received on this port.
Note: You must activate bridging control protocol transparency in the
Switch Setup screen first.
Select Peer to process any BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Units) received on this port.
Select Tunn el to forward BPDUs received on this port.
Select Discard to drop any BPDU received on this port.
Select Network to process a BPDU with no VLAN tag and forward a tagged BPDU.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation
panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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PART III
Advanced Settings
VLAN (85)
Static MAC Forward Setup (97)
Filtering (101)
Spanning Tree Protocol (103)
Bandwidth Control (113)
Broadcast Storm Control (115)
Mirroring (117)
Link Aggregation (119)
Port Authentication (123)
Port Security (129)
Classifier (133)
Policy Rule (139)
Queuing Method (145)
Multicast (149)
DHCP Relay (161)
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CHAPTER 8
VLAN
The type of screen you see here depends on the VLAN Type you selected in the Switch Setup
screen. This chapter shows you how to configure 802.1Q tagged and port-based VLANs. See
the General, Switch and IP Setup chapter for more information.
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN
Tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN
membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were
created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The
VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that switches
need to process the frame across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an
untagged frame and contains two bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier, residing within the
type/length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information, starts
after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).
The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet
switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not
be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID,
giving a possible maximum number of 4,096 VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID
are independent of each other. A frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a
priority frame, meaning that only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the
ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to
identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN
configurations are 4,094.
TPID
2 Bytes
User Priority
3 Bits
CFI
1 Bit
VLAN ID
12 bits
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames
Each port on the switch is capable of passing tagged or untagged frames. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch, the switch first
decides where to forward the frame and then strips off the VLAN tag. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch, the switch first
decides where to forward the frame, and then inserts a VLAN tag reflecting the ingress port's
default VID. The default PVID is VLAN 1 for all ports, but this can be changed.
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Chapter 8 VLAN
8.1.2 Automatic VLAN Registration
GARP and GVRP are the protocols used to automatically register VLAN membership across
switches.
8.1.2.1 GARP
GARP (Generic Attribute Registration Protocol) allows network switches to register and deregister attribute values with other GARP participants within a bridged LAN. GARP is a
protocol that provides a generic mechanism for protocols that serve a more specific
application, for example, GVRP.
8.1.2.2 GARP Timers
Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All
message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values.
8.1.2.3 GVRP
GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a way for
switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the network. Enable this
function to permit VLANs groups beyond the local switch.
Please refer to the following table for common IEEE 802.1Q VLAN terminology.
Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN terminology
VLAN PARAMETER TER M DESCRIPTION
VLAN Type Permanent VLAN This is a static VLAN created manually.
Dynamic VLAN This is a VLAN configured by a GVRP registration/
deregistration process.
VLAN Administrative
Control
VLAN Tag Control Tagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN tag all outgoing
VLAN Port Port VID This is the VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames that this
Registration
Fixed
Registration
Forbidden
Normal
Registration
Untagged Ports belonging to the specified don't tag all outgoing
Acceptable frame
type
Ingress filtering If set, the switch discards incoming frames for VLANs that
Fixed registration ports are permanent VLAN members.
Ports with registration forbidden are forbidden to join the
specified VLAN.
Ports dynamically join a VLAN using GVRP.
frames transmitted.
frames transmitted.
port received.
You may choose to accept both tagged and untagged
incoming frames or just tagged incoming frames on a port.
do not have this port as a member
8.1.3 Port VLAN Trunking
Enable VLAN Trunking on a port to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN groups to
pass through that port. This is useful if you want to set up VLAN groups on end devices
without having to configure the same VLAN groups on intermediary devices.
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Refer to the following figure. Suppose you want to create VLAN groups 1 and 2 (V1 and V2)
on devices A and B. Without VLAN Trunking, you must configure VLAN groups 1 and 2 on
all intermediary switches C, D and E; otherwise they will drop frames with unknown VLAN
group tags. However, with VLAN Trunking enabled on a port(s) in each intermediary switch
you only need to create VLAN groups in the end devices (A and B). C, D and E automatically
allow frames with VLAN group tags 1 and 2 (VLAN groups that are unknown to those
switches) to pass through their VLAN trunking port(s).
Figure 35 Port VLAN Trunking
8.2 Select the VLAN Type
Chapter 8 VLAN
Select a VLAN type in the Switch Setup screen.
Figure 36 Selecting a VLAN Type
8.3 802.1Q VLAN
Follow the steps below to set the 802.1Q VLAN Type on the switch.
1 Select 802.1Q as the VLAN Type in the Switch Setup screen (under Basic Setting)
and click Apply.
2 Click VLAN under Advanced Application to display the VLAN Status screen as
shown next. These fields describe the status of the IEEE 802.1Q VLAN.
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Chapter 8 VLAN
Figure 37 802.1Q VLAN Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 14 802.1Q VLAN Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
The Number of
VLAN
Index This is the VLAN index number.
VID This is the VLAN identification number.
This is the number of VLANs configured on the switch.
Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a
static VLAN was set up.
Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the switch; dynamic - using GVRP,
static - added as a permanent entry or other - added using Multicast VLAN
Registration (MVR).
Change Pages Click Previous or Next to show the previous/next screen if all status information
cannot be seen in one screen.
8.3.1 802.1Q VLAN Detail
Click on an index number in the VLAN Status screen to display VLAN details. Use this
screen to view detailed port settings and status of the VLAN group. See Section 8.1 on page 85
for more information on static VLAN.
Figure 38 802.1Q VLAN Detail
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 15 802.1Q VLAN Detail
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Status Click this to go to the VLAN Status screen.
VID This is the VLAN identification number.
Port Number This column displays the ports that are participating in a VLAN. A tagged port is
marked as T, an untagged port is marked as U and ports not participating in a
VLAN in marked as “–“.
Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a
static VLAN was set up.
Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the switch; dynamic - using GVRP,
static - added as a permanent entry or other - added using Multicast VLAN
Registration (MVR).
8.3.2 802.1Q VLAN Port Settings
Use this screen to configure the 802.1Q VLAN settings on a port. See Section 8.1 on page 85
for more information on static VLAN. Click the VLAN Port Setting link in the VLAN Status
screen.
Chapter 8 VLAN
Figure 39 802.1Q VLAN Port Settings
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 16 802.1Q VLAN Port Settings
LABEL DESCRIPTION
GVRP GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a
Port Isolation Port Isolation allows each port (1 to 8) to communicate with the CPU port and the
Port This field displays the port numbers.
* Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Ingress Check If this check box is selected for a port, the device discards incoming frames for
PVID Each port on the switch is capable of passing tagged or untagged frames. To forward
GVRP Select this check box to permit VLANs groups beyond the local switch on this port.
Acceptable
Frame Type
VLAN
Trunking
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to start configuring the screen again.
way for switches to dynamically register necessary VLAN members on ports across
the network.
Select this check box to permit VLAN groups beyond the local switch.
shared GBIC ports (9 to 12). The isolated ports (1 to 8) cannot communicate with
each other. However, the shared GBIC ports (9 to 12) and the CPU port can
communicate with all ports. This option is the most limiting but also the most secure.
Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this
row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port
basis.
Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you
make them.
VLANs that do not include this port in its member set.
a frame from an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch, the
switch first decides where to forward the frame, and then inserts a VLAN tag
reflecting the default ingress port's VLAN ID, the PVID.
The default PVID is VLAN 1 for all ports, but this can be changed to any number
between 0 and 4094.
GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a
way for switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the network.
Specify the type of frames allowed on a port. Choices are All and Tag Only.
Select All to accept all frames with untagged or tagged frames on this port. This is the
default setting.
Select Tag O nly to accept only tagged frames on this port. All untagged frames are
dropped.
Enable VLAN Trunking on ports connected to other switches or routers (but not
ports directly connected to end users) to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN
groups to pass through the switch.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
8.3.3 802.1Q Static VLAN
Use this screen to configure and view 802.1Q VLAN parameters for the switch. You can
dynamically have a port join a VLAN group using GVRP, permanently assign a port to be a
member of a VLAN group or prohibit a port from joining a VLAN group in this screen. Click
Static VLAN in the VLAN Status screen to display the screen as shown next.
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Figure 40 802.1Q Static VLAN
Chapter 8 VLAN
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 17 802.1Q Static VLAN
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Select this check box to enable the VLAN.
Name Enter a descriptive name for this VLAN group for identification purposes.
VLAN Group IDEnter the VLAN ID for this static VLAN entry; the valid range is between 1 and 4094.
Port The port number identifies the port you are configuring.
* Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this row
first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port basis.
Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you
make them.
Control Select Normal for the port to dynamically join this VLAN group using GVRP. This is the
default selection.
Select Fixed for the port to be a permanent member of this VLAN group.
Select Forbidden if you want to prohibit the port from joining this VLAN group.
Tagging Select TX Tagging if you want the port to tag all outgoing frames transmitted with this
VLAN Group ID.
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Table 17 802.1Q Static VLAN (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add Click Add to insert the entry in the summary table below and save your changes to the
switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses
power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the
non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Clear Click Clear to clear the fields to the factory defaults.
8.3.4 Viewing and Editing VLAN Settings
To view a summary of the VLAN configuration, scroll down to the summary table at the
bottom of the Static VLAN screen.
To change the settings of a rule, click a number in the VID field.
Figure 41 Static VLAN: Summary Table
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 18 Static VLAN: Summary Table
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group. Click the number to edit the VLAN
settings.
Active This field indicates whether the VLAN settings are enabled (Yes) or disabled (No).
Name This field displays the descriptive name for this VLAN group.
Delete Check the rule(s) that you want to remove in the Delete column, then click the Delete
button.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
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8.3.4.1 VID1 Example Screen
Figure 42 VID1 Example Screen
Chapter 8 VLAN
8.4 Introduction to Port-based VLANs
Port-based VLANs are VLANs where the packet forwarding decision is based on the
destination MAC address and its associated port.
Port-based VLANs require allowed outgoing ports to be defined for each port. Therefore, if
you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each other, for example, between conference
rooms in a hotel, you must define the egress (an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port
through which a data packet leaves) for both ports.
Port-based VLANs are specific only to the switch on which they were created.
" When you activate port-based VLAN, the switch uses a default VLAN ID of 1.
You cannot change it.
" In screens (such as IP Setup and Filtering) that require a VID, you must enter
1 as the VID.
The port-based VLAN setup screen is shown next. The CPU management port forms a VLAN
with all Ethernet ports.
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8.4.1 Configuring a Port-based VLAN
Select Port Based as the VLAN Type in the Switch Setup screen under Basic Setting and
then click VLAN under Advanced Application to display the next screen.
Figure 43 Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected)
Figure 44 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port isolation)
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 19 Port Based VLAN Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Setting
Wizard
Incoming These are the ingress ports; an ingress port is an incoming port, that is, a port through
Outgoing These are the egress ports; an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port through
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses
Cancel Click Cancel to start configuring the screen again.
Choose from All connected or Port isolation.
All connected means all ports can communicate with each other, that is, there are no
virtual LANs. All incoming and outgoing ports are selected (see Figure 43 on page 94).
This option is the most flexible but also the least secure.
Port isolation means that each port can only communicate with the CPU
management port and cannot communicate with each other. All incoming ports are
selected while only the CPU outgoing port is selected (see Figure 44 on page 94). This
option is the most limiting but also the most secure.
After you make your selection, click Apply (top right of screen) to display the screens
as mentioned above. You can still customize these settings by adding/deleting
incoming or outgoing ports, but you must also click Apply at the bottom of the screen.
which a data packet enters. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each
other, you must define the ingress port for both ports. The numbers in the top row
denote the incoming port for the corresponding port listed on the left (its outgoing port).
CPU refers to the switch management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all Gigabit
ports. If it does not form a VLAN with a particular port then the switch cannot be
managed from that port.
which a data packet leaves. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each
other, you must define the egress port for both ports. CPU refers to the switch
management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all Gigabit ports. If it does not form a
VLAN with a particular port then the switch cannot be managed from that port.
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top
navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done
configuring.
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CHAPTER 9
Static MAC Forward Setup
Use these screens to configure forwarding rules based on MAC addresses of devices on your
network.
9.1 Introduction to Static MAC Forward Setup
A static MAC address is an address that has been manually entered in the MAC address table.
Static MAC addresses do not age out. When you set up static MAC address rules, you are
setting static MAC addresses for a port. This may reduce the need for broadcasting.
Static MAC address forwarding together with port security allow only computers in the MAC
address table on a port to access the switch. See Chapter 17 on page 129 for more information
on port security.
9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding
Click Static MAC Forwarding to display the configuration screen as shown.
Figure 45 Static MAC Forwarding
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 20 Static MAC Forwarding
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Select this check box to activate your rule. You may temporarily deactivate a rule
Name Enter a descriptive name for identification purposes for this static MAC address
MAC
Address
without deleting it by clearing this check box.
forwarding rule.
Enter the MAC address in valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character
pairs.
Note: Static MAC addresses do not age out.
VID Enter the VLAN identification number.
Port Type the number of a port where the MAC address entered in the previous field will be
automatically forwarded.
Add Click Add to insert the entry in the summary table below and save your changes to the
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Clear Click Clear to clear the fields to the factory defaults.
switch’s run-time memory. The switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses
power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the
non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.
9.3 Viewing and Editing Static MAC Forwarding Rules
To view a summary of the rule configuration, scroll down to the summary table at the bottom
of the Static MAC Forwarding screen.
To change the settings of a rule, click a number in the Index field.
Figure 46 Static MAC Forwarding: Summary Table
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 21 Static MAC Forwarding: Summary Table
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Index Click an index number to modify a static MAC address rule for a port.
Active This field displays whether this static MAC address forwarding rule is active (Yes) or
not (No). You may temporarily deactivate a rule without deleting it.
Name This field displays the descriptive name for identification purposes for this static MAC
MAC Address This field displays the MAC address that will be forwarded.
VID This field displays the VLAN identification number to which the MAC address belongs.
Port This field displays the port where the MAC address shown in the next field will be
address-forwarding rule.
forwarded.
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Table 21 Static MAC Forwarding: Summary Table (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Delete Check the rule(s) that you want to remove in the Delete column, then click the Delete
button.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the selected checkboxes in the Delete column.
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