MGS-3712/MGS-3712F
MetroGigabit Switch
Default Login Details
IP Address http://192.168.1.1
http://192.168.0.1
(Out-of-band
MGMT port)
User Name admin
Password 1234
Firmware Version 3.90
Edition 1, 10/2008
www.zyxel.com
www.zyxel.com
Copyright © 2008
ZyXEL Communications Corporation
About This User's Guide
About This User's Guide
Intended Audience
This manual is intended for people who want to configure the Switch using the
web configurator.
Related Documentation
•Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get your Switch up and running
right away. It contains informa tion on setting up your network and configuring
for Internet access.
• Web Configurator Online Help
The embedded Web Help contains descriptions of individual screens and
supplementary information.
• Command Reference Guide
The Command Reference Guide explains how to use the Command-Line
Interface (CLI) and CLI commands to configure the Switch.
Note: It is recommended you use the web configurator to configure the Switch.
• Support Disc
Refer to the included CD for support documents.
Documentation Feedback
Send your comments, questions or suggestions to: techwriters@zyxel.com.tw
Thank you!
The Technical Writing Team , ZyXEL Communications Corp.,
6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park, Hsinchu, 30099, Taiwan.
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
3
About This User's Guide
Need More Help?
More help is available at www.zyx el.com.
• Download Library
Search for the latest product updates and documentation from this link. Read
the Tech Doc Overview to find out how to efficiently use the User Guide, Quick
Start Guide and Command Line Interface Reference Guide in order to better
understand how to use your product.
• Knowledge Base
If you have a specific question about your product, the answer may be here.
This is a collection of answers to previously asked questions about ZyXEL
products.
•Forum
This contains discussions on ZyXEL products. Learn from others who use ZyXEL
products and share your experiences as well.
Customer Support
Should problems arise that cannot be solved by the methods listed above, you
should conta ct your vendor. If you cannot contact your vendor, then contact a
ZyXEL office for the region in which you bought the device.
See http://www.zyxel.com/web/contact_us.php for contact information. Please
have the following informatio n ready when you contact an office.
• Product model and serial number.
•Warranty Information.
• Date that you received your device.
4
Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
Document Conventions
Document Conventions
Warnings and Notes
These are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide.
Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device.
Note: Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may
need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations.
Syntax Conventions
• The MGS-3712 and MGS-3712F models may be referred to as the “Switch”, the
“device”, the “system” or the “product” in this User’s Guide.
• Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font.
• A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example,
[ENTER] means the “enter” or “ret urn” key on your keyboard.
• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters and then press the
[ENTER] key. “Select” or “choose” means for you to use one of the predefined
choices.
• A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For
example, Maintenance > Log > Log Setting means you first click
Maintenance in the navigation panel, then the Log sub menu and finally the
Log Setting tab to get to that screen.
• Units of measurement may denote the “metric” value or the “scientific” value.
For example, “k” for kilo may denote “1000” or “1024”, “M” for mega may
denote “1000000” or “1048576” and so on.
• “e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other
words”.
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
5
Document Conventions
Icons Used in Figures
Figures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The S witch icon is
not an exact representation of your device.
The Switch Computer Notebook computer
Server DSLAM Firewall
Telephone Router
6
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
Safety Warnings
Safety Warnings
• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming
pool.
• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do NOT store things on the device.
• Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk
of electric shock from lightning.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to
dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should
service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.
• For continued protection against risk of fire replace only with same type and rating of
fuse.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.
• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.
• Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device. Connect it to the right
supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe).
• Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the
product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.
• Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause
electrocution.
• If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the device and the power
source.
• Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a
new one.
• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a
remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your
device.
• The length of exposed (bare) power wire should not exceed 7mm.
Your product is marked with this symbol, which is known as the WEEE mark. WEEE
stands for Waste Electronics and Electrical Equipment. It means that used electrical
and electronic products should not be mixed with general waste. Used electrical and
electronic equipment should be treated separately.
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
7
Safety Warnings
8
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
Contents Overview
Contents Overview
Introduction and Hardware ...................................................................................................21
Getting to Know Your Switch .....................................................................................................23
Hardware Installation and Connection ................................... ................................. ................... 29
Hardware Overview ................................................................................................................... 33
Tutorials ..................................................................................................................................... 45
Basic Configuration ...............................................................................................................55
The Web Configurator ............................................................................................................... 57
Initial Setup Example ................................................................................................................. 67
System Status and Port Statistics .................................... ..........................................................73
Basic Setting ............................................................................................................................. 79
Advanced ................................................................................................................................93
VLAN ......................................................................................................................................... 95
Static MAC Forward Setup .......................................................................................................115
Static Multicast Forward Setup .................................................................................................119
Filtering ..................................... .................................................... ........................................... 123
Spanning Tree Protocol ................... ... ... ... ... .... ........................................................................ 125
Bandwidth Control .... ... ... .... ... ... ... ............................................................................................ 147
Broadcast Storm Control ......................................................................................................... 151
Mirroring .................................................................................................................................. 153
Link Aggregation ................. .....................................................................................................155
Port Authentication ...... ... .... ... ..................................................................................................165
Port Security .................................... ... ... ... ............................................. .... ... ... ... .... ... ..............171
Classifier ................................... .................................................... ........................................... 177
Policy Rule .............................................................................................................................. 185
Queuing Method ...................................................................................................................... 193
VLAN Stacking ......................................................................................................................... 197
Multicast ..................................................................................................................................205
AAA ......................................................................................................................................... 221
IP Source Guard ...................................................................................................................... 235
Loop Guard ..................... .... ... ... ............................................. .... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... .................261
VLAN Mapping ........................................................................................................................ 265
Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling .............. ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .................................................. 269
IP Application .......................................................................................................................273
Static Route ............................................................................................................................. 275
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
9
Contents Overview
Differentiated Services ........................................ ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ........................................... 279
DHCP ...................................................................................................................................... 287
Management .........................................................................................................................295
Maintenance ............................................................................................................................ 297
Access Control ........................................................................................................................ 305
Diagnostic .................................... ....................................................... ..................................... 329
Syslog ....................................... .................................................... ........................................... 331
Cluster Management .......... ... ................................................ .... ... ... ........................................ 335
MAC Table ............................................................................................................................... 343
ARP Table .............................. ... ... .... ... ... ... ............................................. .... ... ... ... .... ... ..............347
Configure Clone ....................................................................................................................... 349
Troubleshooting & Product Specifications .......................................................................351
Troubleshooting ..................................................... .................................................................. 353
Product Specifications ............................................................................................................. 357
Appendices and Index ........................................................................................................365
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MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
About This User's Guide..........................................................................................................3
Document Conventions............................................................................................................5
Safety Warnings ........................................................................................................................7
Contents Overview ...................................................................................................................9
Table of Contents....................................................................................................................11
Part I: Introduction and Hardware........................................................ 21
Chapter 1
Getting to Know Your Switch.................................................................................................23
1.1 Introduction ......................... ... .... ... ... ... ............................................. .... ... ... ... .... ... ... .............23
1.1.1 Backbone Application ............................................................. .... ... ... ... .... ... ................ 23
1.1.2 Bridging Example ......... .... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ................................................ ... ... .... ... 24
1.1.3 High Performance Switching Example .......................................................................25
1.1.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples ................................................................25
1.2 Ways to Manage the Switch ............................ ... .............................................. ... ... ... ... .... ... 26
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the Switch ................................................................................. 26
Chapter 2
Hardware Installation and Connection .................................................................................29
2.1 Installation Scenarios ............................................. ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... .......................... 29
2.2 Desktop Installation Procedure ...........................................................................................29
2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .......................................................................................... 30
2.3.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements .................................................................. 30
2.3.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch ................................ .......................... 31
2.3.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .................................................................................. 32
Chapter 3
Hardware Overview.................................................................................................................33
3.1 Front Panel . .... ... ... ... .............................................. ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ....................................... 33
3.1.1 Console Port ....................................................... ... .... ... ... ... ... .... ... ............................. 35
3.1.2 Gigabit Ethernet Ports ........................................ ....................................................... 35
3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slots ............................................................. ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .......................36
3.1.4 Management Port ...................... ... .... ............................................. ... ... .... ... ... ... .......... 38
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Table of Contents
3.1.5 Power Connector .......................................................... ... ... ....................................... 38
3.1.6 Signal Slot ........... ... ... ... .... ... ............................................. ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ................... 40
3.2 Rear Panel .................... ... ............................................. ... .... ... ... ... ... .................................... 42
3.3 LEDs ............................ ... ............................................. ... .... ... ............................................. 43
3.4 Configuring the Switch ........ ... .... ............................................. ... ... ... .... ... ... .......................... 44
Chapter 4
Tutorials...................................................................................................................................45
4.1 How to Use DHCP Snooping on the Switch ........................................................................ 45
4.2 How to Use DHCP Relay on the Switch .............................................................................. 49
4.2.1 DHCP Relay Tutorial Introduction .............................................................................. 49
4.2.2 Creating a VLAN ........................................................................................................ 50
4.2.3 Configuring DHCP Relay .............................................. ... ... ....................................... 53
4.2.4 Troubleshooting ............................................... ... ... .... ... ... ... ....................................... 54
Part II: Basic Configuration................................................................... 55
Chapter 5
The Web Configurator............................................................................................................57
5.1 Introduction ......................... ... .... ... ... ... ............................................. .... ... ... ... .... ... ... .............57
5.2 System Login ....................................................................................................................57
5.3 The Status Screen .......................................................................................................... 58
5.3.1 Change Your Password .......................................................................................... 62
5.4 Saving Your Configuration ...................................................................................................62
5.5 Switch Lockout .............................................. ... .... ... ... ............................................. .......... 62
5.6 Resetting the Switch ............................... ... ... ... .............................................. ... ... ... ... ....... 63
5.6.1 Reload the Configuration File .................................................................................... 63
5.7 Logging Out of the Web Configurator ................................................................................. 64
5.8 Help ................................................... ... .... ... ... ............................................. .... ... ................65
Chapter 6
Initial Setup Example..............................................................................................................67
6.1 Overview ............. ............................................. ... .... ... ... ... .... ................................................ 67
6.1.1 Creating a VLAN ........................................................................................................ 67
6.1.2 Setting Port VID .................................................. ... .... ... ... ..........................................68
6.2 Configuring Switch Management IP Address ...................................................................... 70
Chapter 7
System Status and Port Statistics.........................................................................................73
7.1 Overview ............. ............................................. ... .... ... ... ... .... ................................................ 73
7.2 Port Status Summary ............................................................................................ ... ....... 73
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7.2.1 Status: Port Details ................................................................................................75
Chapter 8
Basic Setting ..........................................................................................................................79
8.1 Overview ............. ............................................. ... .... ... ... ... .... ................................................ 79
8.2 System Information ........................................................................................................... 80
8.3 General Setup ............................................. ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... .......................................... 82
8.4 Introduction to VLANs ........... .... ... ....................................................................................... 84
8.5 Switch Setup Screen .... ... ... .... ... ....................................................................................... 85
8.6 IP Setup .............................................................................................................................. 87
8.6.1 Management IP Addresses ........................................................................................ 87
8.7 Port Setup ................ .... ... ... ............................................. .... ... ... ... ... .... ................................ 91
Part III: Advanced................................................................................... 93
Chapter 9
VLAN........................................................................................................................................95
9.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANs ..................................................................... 95
9.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames ................................................................ 95
9.2 Automatic VLAN Registration ................................ ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... .................................... 96
9.2.1 GARP . .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ............................................. .... ... ... .......................................... 96
9.2.2 GVRP . .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ............................................. .... ... ... .......................................... 96
9.3 Port VLAN Trunking ........... ............................................. .... ... ... ... ... .... ................................ 97
9.4 Select the VLAN Type .... ... ... .... ... ............................................. ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ..........98
9.5 Static VLAN . .... ... ... ... .............................................. ... ... ... .... ................................................ 98
9.5.1 Static VLAN Status ................ ... ... .... ... ............................................. ... .... ... ... ............. 99
9.5.2 VLAN Details ........................................................................................................... 100
9.5.3 Configure a Static VLAN ...................................................................................... 100
9.5.4 Configure VLAN Port Settings .............................................................................. 103
9.6 Subnet Based VLANs .......................................................................................................104
9.7 Configuring Subnet Based VLAN ..... ................................................. ... ... ........................ 105
9.8 Protocol Based VLANs ...................................... .... ... ........................................................107
9.9 Configuring Protocol Based VLAN ............................................. ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ........108
9.10 Create an IP-based VLAN Example .................................................................................110
9.11 Port-based VLAN Setup ...............................................................................................111
9.11.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN ................................................................................112
Chapter 10
Static MAC Forward Setup...................................................................................................115
10.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................115
10.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding ............................................................................115
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Table of Contents
Chapter 11
Static Multicast Forward Setup............................................................................................119
11.1 Static Multicast Forwarding Overview ...............................................................................119
11.2 Configuring Static Multicast Forwarding ........................................................................... 120
Chapter 12
Filtering..................................................................................................................................123
12.1 Configure a Filtering Rule .............................................................................................123
Chapter 13
Spanning Tree Protocol........................................................................................................125
13.1 STP/RSTP Overview ...................................................................................................... 125
13.1.1 STP Terminology ................................................................................................... 125
13.1.2 How STP Works .................................................................................................... 126
13.1.3 STP Port States .....................................................................................................127
13.1.4 Multiple RSTP ....................................................................................................... 127
13.1.5 Multiple STP ........................................................................................................... 128
13.2 Spanning Tree Protocol Status Screen ............................................................................ 131
13.3 Spanning Tree Configuration ..........................................................................................132
13.4 Configure Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol ..................................................................... 133
13.5 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status ........................................................................ 135
13.6 Configure Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol ........................................................ 137
13.7 Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status .......................................................... 139
13.8 Configure Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol .................................................................. 141
13.9 Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol Status .....................................................................144
Chapter 14
Bandwidth Control................................................................................................................147
14.1 Bandwidth Control Overview .......................................................................................... 147
14.1.1 CIR and PIR ........................................................................................................... 147
14.2 Bandwidth Control Setup ................................................................................................. 148
Chapter 15
Broadcast Storm Control.....................................................................................................151
15.1 Broadcast Storm Control Setup ...................................................................................... 151
Chapter 16
Mirroring................................................................................................................................153
16.1 Port Mirroring Setup ....................................................................................................... 153
Chapter 17
Link Aggregation ..................................................................................................................155
17.1 Link Aggregation Overview ........................ ....................... ...................... ....................... . 155
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Table of Contents
17.2 Dynamic Link Aggregation ..............................................................................................155
17.2.1 Link Aggregation ID ............................................................................................... 156
17.3 Link Aggregation Status ....................................................... .......................... .................157
17.4 Link Aggregation Setting ................................................................................................ 159
17.5 Link Aggregation Control Protocol ................................................................................ 161
17.6 Static Trunking Example ..................................................................................................162
Chapter 18
Port Authentication...............................................................................................................165
18.1 Port Authentication Overview ......................................................................................... 165
18.1.1 IEEE 802.1x Authentication ................................................................................... 165
18.1.2 MAC Authentication ............................................................................................... 166
18.2 Port Authentication Configuration ............................ ....................................................... .167
18.2.1 Activate IEEE 802.1x Security ........................................................................... 168
18.2.2 Activate MAC Authentication ................................................................................. 169
Chapter 19
Port Security..........................................................................................................................171
19.1 About Port Security .........................................................................................................171
19.2 Port Security Setup .............................. ....................... ....................... ................... ........... 172
19.3 VLAN MAC Address Limit .............................................................................................. 174
Chapter 20
Classifier................................................................................................................................177
20.1 About the Classifier and QoS .......................................................................................... 177
20.2 Configuring the Classifier ...............................................................................................177
20.3 Viewing and Editing Classifier Configuration ................................. .................................. 180
20.4 Classifier Example ...........................................................................................................182
Chapter 21
Policy Rule............................................................................................................................185
21.1 Policy Rules Overview ....................................................................................................185
21.1.1 DiffServ .................................................................................................................. 185
21.1.2 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior ................................................................................. 185
21.2 Configuring Policy Rules ................................................................................................. 186
21.3 Viewing and Editing Policy Configuration ........................................................................ 189
21.4 Policy Example ................................................................................................................ 191
Chapter 22
Queuing Method....................................................................................................................193
22.1 Queuing Method Overview ............................................................................................. 193
22.1.1 Strictly Priority Queuing .......................................................................................... 193
22.1.2 Weighted Fair Queuing .......................................................................................... 193
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Table of Contents
22.1.3 Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR) ........................................................... 194
22.2 Configuring Queuing ........................................................................................................ 195
Chapter 23
VLAN Stacking......................................................................................................................197
23.1 VLAN Stacking Overview ................................................................................................ 197
23.1.1 VLAN Stacking Example ........................................................................................ 197
23.2 VLAN Stacking Port Roles ................ ... .... ........................................................................ 198
23.3 VLAN Tag Format .......... ..................................................................................................199
23.3.1 Frame Format ........................................................................................................199
23.4 Configuring VLAN Stacking ............................................................................................. 200
23.4.1 Port-based Q-in-Q .................................................................................................. 201
23.4.2 Selective Q-in-Q .................................................................................................... 202
Chapter 24
Multicast ................................................................................................................................205
24.1 Multicast Overview ......................................................................................................... 205
24.1.1 IP Multicast Addresses ........................................................................................... 205
24.1.2 IGMP Filtering ........................................................................................................ 205
24.1.3 IGMP Snooping ..................................................................................................... 206
24.1.4 IGMP Snooping and VLANs ................................................................................... 206
24.2 Multicast Status .............................................................................................................. 206
24.3 Multicast Setting .............. ... .... ... ................................................ ... .... .............................. 207
24.4 IGMP Snooping VLAN .................................................................................................... 210
24.5 IGMP Filtering Profile ..................................................................................................... 212
24.6 MVR Overview ................................................................................................................ 213
24.6.1 Types of MVR Ports ............................................................................................... 214
24.6.2 MVR Modes ........................................................................................................... 214
24.6.3 How MVR Works .................................................................................................... 214
24.7 General MVR Configuration ............................................................................................ 215
24.8 MVR Group Configuration ..............................................................................................217
24.8.1 MVR Configuration Example ... ... .... ... ..................................................................... 219
Chapter 25
AAA........................................................................................................................................221
25.1 Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) ..................................................... 221
25.1.1 Local User Accounts .................. .... ... ... ... .... ... ................................................ ... .... . 222
25.1.2 RADIUS and TACACS+ ........................................................................................ 222
25.2 AAA Screens ................................................................................................................... 222
25.2.1 RADIUS Server Setup ........................................................................................ 223
25.2.2 TACACS+ Server Setup ..................................................................................... 225
25.2.3 AAA Setup ............................................................................................................. 227
25.2.4 Vendor Specific Attribute ........................................................................................ 230
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25.3 Supported RADIUS Attributes ......................................................................................... 231
25.3.1 Attributes Used for Authentication ............................ ............ .......... .......... ......... ..... 232
25.3.2 Attributes Used for Accounting ............................................................................... 233
Chapter 26
IP Source Guard ....................................................................................................................235
26.1 IP Source Guard Overview .............................................................................................. 235
26.1.1 DHCP Snooping Overview ..................................................................................... 236
26.1.2 ARP Inspection Overview ...................................................................................... 238
26.2 IP Source Guard .............................................................................................................. 239
26.3 IP Source Guard Static Binding ....................................................................................... 240
26.4 DHCP Snooping .............................................................................................................. 243
26.5 DHCP Snooping Configure ...................... ........................................................................ 246
26.5.1 DHCP Snooping Port Configure ............................................................................. 248
26.5.2 DHCP Snooping VLAN Configure .......................................................................... 249
26.6 ARP Inspection Status .....................................................................................................251
26.6.1 ARP Inspection VLAN Status .................................................................................252
26.6.2 ARP Inspection Log Status .................................................................................... 253
26.7 ARP Inspection Configure ............................................................................................... 254
26.7.1 ARP Inspection Port Configure .............................................................................. 256
26.7.2 ARP Inspection VLAN Configure ........................................................................... 258
Chapter 27
Loop Guard............................................................................................................................261
27.1 Loop Guard Overview .....................................................................................................261
27.2 Loop Guard Setup ...........................................................................................................263
Chapter 28
VLAN Mapping ......................................................................................................................265
28.1 VLAN Mapping Overview ............................................................................................... 265
28.1.1 VLAN Mapping Example ........................................................................................ 265
28.2 Enabling VLAN Mapping ................................................................................................. 266
28.3 Configuring VLAN Mapping ............................................................................................. 267
Chapter 29
Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling..................................................................................................269
29.1 Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling Overview ............................................................................. 269
29.1.1 Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling Mode .......................................................................... 270
29.2 Configuring Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling .................................................................. ... .... . 271
Part IV: IP Application.......................................................................... 273
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
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Table of Contents
Chapter 30
Static Route...........................................................................................................................275
30.1 Static Routing Overview .................................................................................................. 275
30.2 Configuring Static Routing ............................................................................................... 276
Chapter 31
Differentiated Services.........................................................................................................279
31.1 DiffServ Overview ...........................................................................................................279
31.1.1 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior ................................................................................ 279
31.1.2 DiffServ Network Example .................................................................................... 280
31.2 Two Rate Three Color Marker Traffic Policing ................................................................. 280
31.2.1 TRTCM-Color-blind Mode ...................................................................................... 281
31.2.2 TRTCM-Color-aware Mode ....................................................................................282
31.3 Activating DiffServ .......................................................................................................... 282
31.3.1 Configuring 2-Rate 3 Color Marker Settings ......................................................... 284
31.4 DSCP-to-IEEE 802.1p Priority Settings .......................................................................... 285
31.4.1 Configuring DSCP Settings ............................ .......................................... .............. 286
Chapter 32
DHCP......................................................................................................................................287
32.1 DHCP Overview ............................................................................................................. 287
32.1.1 DHCP Modes ........................................................................................................287
32.1.2 DHCP Configuration Options ................................................................................. 287
32.2 DHCP Status ................................................................................................................... 288
32.3 DHCP Relay ....... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ............................................................................ 288
32.3.1 DHCP Relay Agent Information ............................................................................. 288
32.3.2 Configuring DHCP Global Relay ............................................................................ 289
32.3.3 Global DHCP Relay Configuration Example .......................................................... 290
32.4 Configuring DHCP VLAN Settings ................................................................................ 291
32.4.1 Example: DHCP Relay for Two VLANs .................................................................. 292
Part V: Management............................................................................. 295
Chapter 33
Maintenance..........................................................................................................................297
33.1 The Maintenance Screen ...................................... ... ... .... ... ... ........................................ 297
33.2 Load Factory Default ...................................................................................................... 298
33.3 Save Configuration .......................................................................................................... 298
33.4 Reboot System ................................................................................................................ 299
33.5 Firmware Upgrade ........................................................................................................ 299
33.6 Restore a Configuration File .........................................................................................300
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33.7 Backup a Configuration File ......................................................................................... 301
33.8 FTP Command Line ........................................................................................................ 301
33.8.1 Filename Conventions .......................................................................................... 301
33.8.2 FTP Command Line Procedure ............................................................................ 302
33.8.3 GUI-based FTP Clients .......................................................................................... 303
33.8.4 FTP Restrictions .................................................................................................... 303
Chapter 34
Access Control......................................................................................................................305
34.1 Access Control Overview ............................................................................................ 305
34.2 The Access Control Main Screen .................................................................................... 305
34.3 About SNMP .................................................................................................................. 306
34.3.1 SNMP v3 and Security ........................................................................................... 307
34.3.2 Supported MIBs .................................................................................................... 307
34.3.3 SNMP Traps .......................................................................................................... 308
34.3.4 Configuring SNMP ................................................................................................315
34.3.5 Configuring SNMP Trap Group ...........................................................................318
34.3.6 Setting Up Login Accounts .................................................................................319
34.4 SSH Overview ................................................................................................................. 320
34.5 How SSH works ................ ... ............................................................................................ 321
34.6 SSH Implementation on the Switch ................................................................................. 322
34.6.1 Requirements for Using SSH .................................................................................322
34.7 Introduction to HTTPS .....................................................................................................322
34.8 HTTPS Example .............................................................................................................. 323
34.8.1 Internet Explorer Warning Messages ..................................................................... 323
34.8.2 Netscape Navigator Warning Messages ................................................................ 324
34.8.3 The Main Screen .................................................................................................... 326
34.9 Service Port Access Control ......................................................................................... 326
34.10 Remote Management ............................................................................................... 327
Chapter 35
Diagnostic..............................................................................................................................329
35.1 Diagnostic ....................................................................................................................... 329
Chapter 36
Syslog....................................................................................................................................331
36.1 Syslog Overview .............................................................................................................. 331
36.2 Syslog Setup .................................................................................................................. 332
36.3 Syslog Server Setup ....................................................................................................... 333
Chapter 37
Cluster Management.............................................................................................................335
37.1 Cluster Management Status Overview ........................................................................... 335
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
19
Table of Contents
37.2 Cluster Management Status ........................................................................................... 336
37.2.1 Cluster Member Switch Management ................................................................... 337
37.3 Clustering Management Configuration .......................................................................... 340
Chapter 38
MAC Table..............................................................................................................................343
38.1 MAC Table Overview ...................................................................................................... 343
38.2 Viewing the MAC Table ...................................................................................................344
Chapter 39
ARP Table..............................................................................................................................347
39.1 ARP Table Overview .......................................................................................................347
39.1.1 How ARP Works ......................................................... ... ... ... .... ... ... ........................ 347
39.2 Viewing the ARP Table ................................................................................................... 348
Chapter 40
Configure Clone....................................................................................................................349
40.1 Configure Clone ..............................................................................................................349
Part VI: Troubleshooting & Product Specifications.......................... 351
Chapter 41
Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................353
41.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs .............................. ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ........353
41.2 Switch Access and Login .................................................................................................354
41.3 Switch Configuration ........................................................................................................356
Chapter 42
Product Specifications.........................................................................................................357
Part VII: Appendices and Index......................................................... 365
Appendix A Common Services.............................................................................................367
Appendix B Legal Information..............................................................................................371
Index.......................................................................................................................................375
20
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
PART I
Introduction and
Hardware
Getting to Know Your Switch (23)
Hardware Installation and Connection
(29)
Hardware Overview (33)
Tutorials (45)
21
22
CHAPTER 1
Getting to Know Your Switch
This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the Switch.
1.1 Introduction
The MGS-3712 and MGS-3712F are layer 2 stand-alone Gigabit Ethernet (GbE)
switches.
The MGS-3712 has four GbE dual personality interfaces with each interface
comprising one mini-GBIC slot and one 100/1000 Mbps RJ-45 port, with either
port or slot active at a time. In addition, the MGS-3712 has 8 100/1000 Mbps RJ45 ports.
The MGS-3712F also has four GbE dual personality interfaces with each interface
comprising one mini-GBIC slot and one 100/1000 Mbps RJ-45 port, with either
port or slot active at a time. In addition, the MGS-3712F has 8 mini-GBIC slots.
With its built-in web configurat or, managing and configuring the Switch is easy. In
addition, the Switch can also be managed via Telnet, any terminal emulator
program on the console port, or third-party SNMP management.
This section shows a few examples of using the Switch in various network
environments.
See Chapter 42 on page 357 for a full list of software features available on the
Switch.
1.1.1 Backbone Application
The Switch is an ideal solution for small networks where rapid growth can be
expected in the near future. The Switch can be used standalone for a group of
heavy traffic users. You can connect computers and servers directly to the
Switch’s port or connect other switches to the Switch.
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
23
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
In this example, all computers can share high-speed applications on the server. T o
expand the network, simply add more networking devices such as switches,
routers, computers, print servers etc.
Figure 1 Backbone Application
1.1.2 Bridging Example
In this example application the Switch connects different company departments
(RD and Sales) to the corporate backbone. It can alleviate bandwidth contention
and eliminate server and network bottlenecks. All users that need high bandwidth
can connect to high-speed department servers via the Switch. You can provide a
super-fast uplink connection by using a Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC port on the
Switch.
Moreover, the Switch eases supervision and maintenance by allowing network
managers to centralize multiple servers at a single location.
Figure 2 Bridging Application
24
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
1.1.3 High Performance Switching Example
The Switch is ideal for connecting two networks that need high bandwidth. In the
following example, use trunking to connect these two networks.
Switching to higher-speed LANs such as ATM (Asynchronous Tr ansmission Mode)
is not feasible for most people due to the expense of replacing all existing
Ethernet cables and adapter cards, restructuring your network and complex
maintenance. The Switch can provide the same bandwidth as ATM at much lower
cost while still being able to use existing adapters and switches. Moreover, the
current LAN structure can be retained as all ports can freely communicate with
each other.
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Workgroup Application
1.1.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned
into multiple logical networks. Stations on a logical network belong to one group.
A station can belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a station cannot directly
talk to or hear from stations that are not in the same group(s) unless such traffic
first goes through a router.
For more information on VLANs, refer to Chapter 9 on page 95.
1.1.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example
Ports in the same VLAN group share the same frame broadcast domain thus
increase network performance through reduced broadcast traffic. VLAN groups
can be modified at any time by adding, moving or changing ports without any recabling.
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
25
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
Shared resources such as a server can be used by all ports in the same VLAN as
the server. In the following figure only ports that need access to the server need
to be part of VLAN 1. Ports can belong to other VLAN groups too.
Figure 4 Shared Server Using VLAN Example
1.2 Ways to Manage the Switch
Use any of the following methods to manage the Switch.
• Web Co nfigurator. This is recommended for ev eryday management of the S witch
using a (supported) web browser. See Chapter 5 on page 57.
• Command Line Interface. Line commands offer an alternative to the web
configurator and in some cases are necessary to configure advanced features.
See the CLI Reference Guide.
• FTP. Use FTP for firmware upgrades and configuration backup/restore. See
Section 33.8 on page 301.
• SNMP. The Switch can be monitored by an SNMP manager. See Section 34.3 on
page 306.
• Cluster Management. Cluster Management allows you to manage multiple
switches through one switch, called the cluster manager. See Chapter 37 on
page 335.
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the Switch
26
Do the following things regularly to make the Switch more secure and to manage
the Switch more effectively.
• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists
of different types of characters, such as numbers and letters.
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.
• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it).
Restoring an earlier working configuration may be useful if the device becomes
unstable or even crashes. If you forget y our password, you will hav e to reset the
Switch to its factory default settings. If you backed up an earlier configuration
file, you would not have to totally re-configure the Switch. You could simply
restore your last configuration.
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
27
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
28
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
CHAPTER 2
Hardware Installation and
Connection
This chapter shows you how to install and connect the Switch.
2.1 Installation Scenarios
The Switch can be placed on a desktop or rack-mounted on a standard EIA rack.
Use the rubber feet in a desktop installation and the brackets in a rack-mounted
installation.
Note: For proper ventilation, allow at least 4 inches (10 cm) of clearance at the front
and 3.4 inches (8 cm) at the back of the Switch. This is especially important for
enclosed rack installations.
2.2 Desktop Installation Procedure
1 Make sure the Switch is clean and dry.
2 Set the Switch on a smooth, level surface strong enough to support the weight of
the Switch and the connected cables. Make sure there is a power outlet nearby.
3 Make sure there is enough clearance around the Switch to allow air circulation and
the attachment of cables and the power cord.
4 Remove the adhesive backing from the rubber feet.
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29
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
5 Attach the rubber feet to each corner on the bottom of the Switch. These rubber
feet help protect the Switch from shock or vibration and ensure space between
devices when stacking.
Figure 5 Attaching Rubber Feet
Note: Do NOT block the ventilation holes. Leave space between devices when
stacking.
2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
The Switch can be mounted on an EIA standard size, 19-inch rack or in a wiring
closet with other equipment. Follow the steps below to mount your Switch on a
standard EIA rack using a rack-mounting kit.
2.3.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements
• Two mounting brackets.
• Eight M3 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
• Four M5 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
Failure to use the proper screws may damage the unit.
2.3.1.1 Precautions
• Make sure the rack will safely sup port the combined weight of all the equipment
it contains.
• Make sure the position of the Switch does not make the rack unstable or topheavy. Tak e all necessary precautions to anchor the rack securely before
installing the unit.
30
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Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Conn ec t ion
2.3.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch
1 Position a mounting bracket on one side of the Switch, lining up the four screw
holes on the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the Switch.
Figure 6 Attaching the Mounting Brackets
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M3 flat head screws through the
mounting bracket holes into the Switch.
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to install the second mounting bracket on the other side of
the Switch.
4 You may now mount the Switch on a rack. Proceed to the next section.
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31
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
2.3.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
1 Position a mounting br acket (that is already attached to the Switch) on one s ide of
the rack, lining up the two screw holes on the br ack et with the screw holes on the
side of the rack.
Figure 7 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M5 flat head screws through the
mounting bracket holes into the rack.
3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to attach the second mounting bracket on the other side of
the rack.
32
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
CHAPTER 3
Hardware Overview
This chapter describes the front panel and rear panel of the Switch and shows y ou
how to make the hardware connections.
3.1 Front Panel
MGS-3712
The following figure shows the front panel of the MGS-3712. The front panel
contains the Switch LEDs, 8 RJ-45 Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) ports, four dual
personality interfaces each consisting of a mini-GBIC slot and an RJ-45 GbE port,
one console and one management port for local management, and a slot for alarm
management.
Figure 8 Front Panel: MGS-3712
LEDs
Management Port
Ethernet Ports
MGS-3712F
The following figure shows the front panel of the MGS-3712F. The front panel
contains the Switch LEDs, 8 slots for mini-GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter)
transceivers, also known as SFP (Single form-factor Pluggable) transceivers, four
dual personality interfaces each consisting of a mini-GBIC slot and a 1000BASE-T
Dual Personality Interfaces
Console Port
Signal slot
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
33
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
RJ-45 port, one console and one management port for local management, and a
slot for alarm management.
Figure 9 Front Panel: MGS-3712F
LEDs
Mini-GBIC slots
Management Port
Dual Personality Interfaces
Console Port
Signal slot
The following table describes the port labels on the front panel.
Table 1 Front Panel Connections
LABEL DESCRIPTION
8 100/1000
Mbps RJ-45
Ports (MGS-
3712)
8 Mini-GBIC
Slots (MGS-
3712F)
Four Dual
Personality
Interfaces
Console Port The console port is for local configuration of the Switch.
Management
Port
Signal Slot Connect the signal input pins to signal output terminals on other pieces of
Connect these ports to high-bandwidth backbone network Ethernet
switches or use them to daisy-chain other switches.
Use mini-GBIC transceivers in these slots for connections to backbone
Ethernet switches.
Each interface has one 1000BASE-T RJ-45 port and one Small Form-F actor
Pluggable (SFP) slot (also called a mini-GBIC slot), with one port or
transceiver active at a time.
• Four 100/1000 Mbps RJ-45 Ports:
Connect these ports to high-bandwidth backbone network Ethernet
switches using 1000BASE-T compatible Category 5/5e/6 copper cables.
•Four Mini-GBIC Slots:
Use mini-GBIC transceivers in these slots for connections to backbone
Ethernet switches.
Connect to a computer using an RJ-45 Ethernet cable for local
configuration of the Switch.
equipment.
34
Connect the signal output pins to a signal input terminal on another piece
of equipment.
See Chapter 42 on page 357 for details on the pin assignments required.
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
3.1.1 Console Port
For local management, you can use a computer with terminal emulation software
configured to the following parameters:
• VT100
• Terminal emulation
• 9600 bps
• No parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit
• No flow control
Connect the male 9-pin end of the console cable to the console port of the Switch.
Connect the female end to a serial port (COM1, COM2 or other COM port) of your
computer.
3.1.2 Gigabit Ethernet Ports
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
The Switch has 1000Base-T auto-negotiating, auto-crossover Ethernet ports. In
10/100/1000 Mbps Fast Ethernet, the speed can be 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps or 1000
Mbps and the duplex mode can be half duplex or full duplex.
An auto-negotiating port can detect and adjust to the optimum Ethernet speed
(10/100/1000 Mbps) and duplex mode (full duplex or half duplex) of the
connected device.
An auto-crossover (auto-MDI/MDI-X) port automatically works with a straightthrough or crossover Ethernet cable.
Four of the 1000Base- T Ethernet ports are paired with a mini -GBIC slot to create a
dual personality interface. The Switch uses up to one connection for each miniGBIC and 1000Base-T Ethernet pair. The mini-GBIC slots have priority over the
Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC slot and the corresponding GbE port
are connected at the same time, the GbE port will be disabled.
When auto-negotiation is turned on, a Ethernet port negotiates with the peer
automatically to determine the connection speed and duplex mode. If the peer
Ethernet port does not support auto-negotiation or turns off this feature, the
Switch determines the connection speed by detecting the signal on the cable and
using half duplex mode. When the Switch’s auto-negotiation is turned off, an
Ethernet port uses the pre-configured speed and duplex mode when making a
connection, thus requiring you to make sure that the settings of the peer Ethernet
port are the same in order to connect.
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35
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Negotiation Settings
The factory default negotiation settings for the Gigabit ports on the Switch are:
• Speed: Auto
•Duplex: Auto
• Flow control: Off
•Link Aggregation: Disabled
3.1.2.2 Auto-crossover
All ports are auto-crossover, that is auto-MDIX ports (Media Dependent Interface
Crossover), so you may use either a straight-through Ethernet cable or crossover
Ethernet cable for all Gigabit port connections. Auto-crossover ports automatically
sense whether they need to function as crossover or straight ports, so crossover
cables can connect both computers and switches/hubs.
3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slots
These are slots for mini-GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter) transceivers. A
transceiver is a single unit that houses a transmitter and a receiver. The Switch
does not come with transceivers. You must use transceivers that comply with the
Small Form-factor Pluggable (SFP) Transceiver MultiSource Agreement (MSA). See
the SFF committee’s INF-8074i specification Rev 1.0 for details.
You can change transceivers while the Switch is operating. You can use different
transceivers to connect to Ethernet switches with different t ypes of fiber-optic or
even copper cable connectors.
To avoid possible eye injury, do not look into an operating fiberoptic module’s connectors.
• Type: SFP connection interface
• Connection speed: 1 Gigabit per second (Gbps)
3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation
Use the following steps to install a mini-GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
1 Insert the transceiver into the slot with the exposed section of PCB board facing
down.
36
2 Press the transceiver firmly until it clicks into place.
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
3 The Switch automatically detects the installed transceiver. Check the LEDs to
verify that it is functioning properly.
4 Close the transceiver’s latch (latch styles vary).
5 Connect the fiber optic cables to the transceiver.
Figure 10 Transceiver Installation Example
Figure 11 Connecting the Fiber Optic Cables
3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal
Use the following steps to remove a mini-GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
1 Remove the fiber optic cables from the transceiver.
2 Open the transceiver’s latch (latch styles vary).
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37
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
3 Pull the transceiver out of the slot.
Figure 12 Removing the Fiber Optic Cables
Figure 13 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example
Figure 14 Transceiver Removal Example
3.1.4 Management Port
The MGMT (management) port is used for local management. Conn ect directly t o
this port using an Ethernet cable. You can configure the Switch via Te lnet or the
web configurator.
The default IP address of the management port is 192.168.0.1 with a subnet mask
of 255.255.255.0.
3.1.5 Power Connector
Make sure you are using the correct power source as shown on the panel and that
no objects obstruct the airflow of the fans.
Use the following procedures to connect the Switch to a power source after you
have installed it.
Note: Check the power supply requirements in Chapter 42 on page 357, and make
sure you are using an appropriate power source.
Keep the power supply switch and the Switch’s power switch in
the OFF position until you come to the procedure for turning on
the power.
38
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
Use only power wires of the required diameter for connecting the Switch to a
power supply.
3.1.5.1 AC Power Connection
Connect the female end of the power cord to the power socket of your Switch.
Connect the other end of the cord to a power outlet.
3.1.5.2 DC Power Connection
The Switch uses a single ETB series terminal block plug with four pins which al lows
you to connect up to two separate power supplies. If one power supply fails the
system can operate on the remaining power supply. Use two wires to connect to a
single terminal pair, one wire for the positive terminal and one wire for the
negative terminal.
Note: The current rating of the power wires must be greater than 20 Amp s. The power
supply to which the Switch connects must have a built-in circuit breaker or
switch to toggle the power.
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
Note: When installing the power wire, push it wire firmly into the terminal as deep as
possible and make sure that no exposed (bare) wire can be seen or touched.
Exposed power wire is dangerous. Use extreme care when
connecting a DC power source to the device.
To connect a power supply:
1 Use a screwdriver to loosen the terminal block captive screws.
2 Connect one end of a power wire to the Switch’s RTN (return) pin and tighten the
captive screw.
3 Connect the other end of the power wire to the positive terminal on the power
supply.
4 Connect one end of a power wire to the Switch’s -48V (input ) pin and tighten the
captive screw.
5 Connect the other end of the power wire to the negative terminal on the power
supply.
6 Insert the terminal block plug in the Switch’s terminal block header.
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
39
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
3.1.6 Signal Slot
The Signal slot (fitted with the signal connector) allows you to connect devices to
the Switch, such as sensors or other ZyXEL switches which support the external
alarm feature. This feature is in addition to the system alarm, which detects
abnormal temperatures, voltage levels and fan speeds on the Switch.
Your Switch can respond to an external signal in four ways.
•The ALM LED shows an alert.
•The Signal slot can send an external alarm on to another device. By daisy-
chaining the signal sensor cables from one Switch to another ZyXEL switch
which supports this feature, the external alarm alert (but not the system alarm)
is received on each Switch.
• The Switch can also be configured to send an SNMP trap to the SNMP server.
See Section 34.3 on page 306 for more information on using SNMP.
• The Switch can be configured to create an error log of the alarm. See Section
36.1 on page 331 for more information on using the system log.
3.1.6.1 Connect a Sensor to the Signal Slot
This section shows you how to connect an external sensor device to the Switch.
1 Use a connector to connect wires of the correct gauge to the sensor’s signal
output pins. See Chapter 42 on page 357 for the wire specifications. Check the
sensor’s documentation to identify its two signal output pins.
2 Connect these two wires to any one of the following pairs of signal input pins on
the Switch’s Signal connector - (4,5) (6,7) (8,9) (10,11). The pin numbers run
from the right side of the connector to the left.
2a Connect each of the sensor’s two signal output wires to the Signal connector
by depressing the spring clip corresponding to the pin you are connecting to.
2b Insert the wire and release the spring clip.
2c Repeat the process for the sensor’s other signal output wire. A total of four
sensors may be connected to the Signal connector in this way using the
remaining signal input pins.
40
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
3 Insert the alarm connector into the Signal slot.
Figure 15 Connecting a Sensor to the Signal Slot
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
Door Open
Sensor
Spring
Clip
Signal
Connector
12311 10 45698710
Signal Input Pins
(Dry contact,
normal open only)
4 To connect an output device, repeat the previous steps but this time connect to
either pins (1,2) or (2,3) on the Signal connector.
You can also daisy-chain the external alarm to another ZyXEL Switch which
supports the external alarm feature. If daisy-chaining to a ZyXEL switch that is a
different model, check your switch’s documentation for the correct pin
assignments.
Signal
Output
Pins
1 Use wires of the correct gauge to connect either of the signal output pin pairs (1-
normal close, 2-common) or (2-common, 3-normal open) on the Signal
connector to the input signal pin pairs of an Signal connector on another ZyXEL
Switch.
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
41
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
2 When daisy-chaining further Switches ensure that the signal output pins you use
are the same as those you used when connecting to the first switch, as shown in
the diagram below.
Figure 16 Daisy-chaining an External Alarm Sensor to Other Switches of the Same
Model
3.2 Rear Panel
The following figures show the rear panels of the MGS-3712 and MGS-3712F
models. The rear panel contains a connector for external backup power supply.
Figure 17 Rear Panel: MGS-3712
.........
.........
.........
Pin Assignments
12311 10
12311 10
12311 10
42
Figure 18 Rear Panel: MGS-3712F
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
3.3 LEDs
After you connect the power to the Switch, view the LEDs to ensure proper
functioning of the Switch and as an aid in troubleshooting.
Table 2 LED Descriptions
LED COLOR
BPS Green On The backup power supply is connected and active.
PWR Green On The system is turned on.
SYS Green On The system is on and functioning properly.
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
STATU
S
Blinking The system is receiving power from the backup power
Off The backup power supply is not ready or not active.
Off The system is off.
Blinking The system is rebooting and performing self-diagnostic
Off The power is off or the system is not ready/malfunctioning.
DESCRIPTION
supply.
tests.
ALM Red On A hardware failure is detected or an alarm from the
external alarm is received.
Off The system is functioning normally.
Mini-GBIC Slots
LNK Green On The link to this port is up.
Off The link to this port is not connected.
ACT Green Blinking This port is receiving or transmitting data.
Gigabit Ethernet Ports
LNK/
ACT
FDX Amber On The Gigabit port is negotiating in full-duplex mode.
MGMT
Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet
network.
On The link to a 1000 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet
network.
On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.
Blinking There is congestion in half-duplex mode.
Off The Gigabit port is negotiating in half-duplex mode.
10 Green Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet
On The port is connected at 10Mbps.
Off The port is not connected at 10Mbps or to an Ethernet
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
device.
device.
43
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
Table 2 LED Descriptions (continued)
LED COLOR
100 Amber Blinking The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet
STATU
S
On The port is connected at 100Mbps.
Off The port is not connected at 100Mbps or to an Ethernet
DESCRIPTION
device.
device.
3.4 Configuring the Switch
You may use the embedded web configurator or command line interface to
configure the Switch. If you’re using the web configurator, you need Internet
Explorer 5.5 and later or Netscape Navigator 6 and later.
You can access the command line interface using a terminal emulation progr am on
a computer connected to the Switch console port (see Section 3.1.1 on page 35)
or access the Switch using Telnet.
The next part of this guide discusses configuring the Switch using the web
configurator.
44
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
CHAPTER 4
Tutorials
This chapter provides some examples of using the web configurator to set up and
use the Switch. The tutorials include:
• How to Use DHCP Snooping on the Switch
• How to Use DHCP Relay on the Switch
4.1 How to Use DHCP Snooping on the Switch
You only wan t DHCP server A connected to port 5 to assign IP addresses to all
devices in VLAN network (V). Create a VLAN containing ports 5, 6 and 7. Con nect
a computer M to the Switch’s MGMT port.
Figure 19 Tutorial: DHCP Snooping Tutorial Overview
M
V
C
Note: For related information about DHCP snooping, see Section 26.1 on page 235.
The settings in this tutorial are as the following.
Table 3 Tutorial: Settings in this Tutorial
HOST
DHCP Server
(A)
PORT
CONNECTED
5 1 and 100 100 Yes
B
VLAN PVID
A
DHCP SNOOPING
PORT TRUSTED
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45
Chapter 4 Tutorials
Table 3 Tutorial: Settings in this Tutorial
HOST
DHCP Client
(B)
DHCP Client
(C)
1 Access the Switch from the MGMT port through http://192.168.0.1 by default.
Log into the Switch by entering the username (default: admin) and password
(default: 1234).
2 Go to Advanced Application > VLAN > Static VLAN, and create a VLAN with ID
of 100. Add ports 5, 6 and 7 in the VLAN by selecting Fixed in the Control field as
shown.
Deselect Tx Tagging because you don’t want outgoing traffic to contain this VLAN
tag.
Click Add.
PORT
CONNECTED
6 1 and 100 100 No
7 1 and 100 100 No
VLAN PVID
DHCP SNOOPING
PORT TRUSTED
Figure 20 Tutorial: Create a VLAN and Add Ports to It
46
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
Chapter 4 Tutorials
3 Go to Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting, and set the PVID
of the ports 5, 6 and 7 to 100. This tags untagged incoming frames on ports 5, 6
and 7 with the tag 100.
Figure 21 Tutorial: Tag Untagged Frames
4 Go to Advanced Application > IP Source Guard > DHCP snooping >
Configure, activate and specify VLAN 100 as the DHCP VLAN as shown. Click
Apply.
Figure 22 Tutorial: Specify DHCP VLAN
MGS-3712/MGS-3712F User’s Guide
47
Chapter 4 Tutorials
5 Click the Port link at the top right corner.
6 The DHCP Snooping Port Configure screen appears. Select Trusted in the
Server Trusted state field for port 5 because the DHCP server is connected to
port 5. Keep ports 6 and 7 Untrusted because they are connected to DHCP
clients. Click Apply.
Figure 23 Tutorial: Set the DHCP Server Port to Trusted
7 Go to Advanced Application > IP Source Guard > DHCP snooping >
Configure > VLAN, show VLAN 100 by entering 100 in the Start VID and End
VID fields and click Apply. Then select Yes in the Enabled field of the VLAN 100
entry shown at the bottom section of the screen.
If you want to add more information in the DHCP request packets such as source
VLAN ID or system name, you can also select the Option82 and Information
fields in the entry. See Section 26.1.1.3 on page 237.
Figure 24 Tutorial: Enable DHCP Snooping on this VLAN
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8 Click Save at the top right corner of the web
configurator to save the configuration permanently.
9 Connect your DHCP server to port 5 and a computer (as DHCP client) to either
port 6 or 7. The computer should be able to get an IP address from the DHCP
server. If you put the DHCP server on port 6 or 7, the computer will not able to get
an IP address.
10 To check if DHCP snooping works, go to Advanced Application > IP Source
Guard, you should see an IP assignment with the type dhcp-snooping as shown.
Figure 25 Tutorial: Check the Binding If DHCP Snooping Works
You can also telnet or log into the Switch’s console. Use the command “ show dhcp
snooping binding” to see the DHCP snooping binding table as shown next.
sysname# show dhcp snooping binding
MacAddress IpAddress Lease Type VLAN Port
----------------- --------------- ------------ ------------- ---- ---- 00:02:00:00:00:1c 10.10.1.16 6d23h59m20s dhcp-snooping 100 7
Total number of bindings: 1
4.2 How to Use DHCP Relay on the Switch
This tutorial describes how to configure your Switch to forward DHCP client
requests to a specific DHCP server. The DHCP server can then assign a specific IP
address based on the information in the DHCP requests.
4.2.1 DHCP Relay Tutorial Introduction
In this example, you have configured your DHCP server (192.168.2.3) and want to
have it assign a specific IP address (say 172.16.1.18) to DHCP client A based on
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the system name, VLAN ID and port number in the DHCP request. Client A
connects to the Switch’s port 2 in VLAN 102.
Figure 26 Tutorial: DHCP Relay Scenario
DHCP Server
192.168.2.3
Port 2
PVID=102
A
VLAN 102
172.16.1.18
4.2.2 Creating a VLAN
Follow the steps below to configure port 2 as a member of VLAN 102.
1 Access the web configurator through the Switch’s management port.
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2 Go to Basic Setting > Switch Setup and set the VLAN type to 802.1Q. Click
Apply to save the settings to the run-time memory.
Figure 27 Tutorial: Set VLAN Type to 802.1Q
3 Click Advanced Application > VLAN > Static VLAN.
4 In the Static VLAN screen, select ACTIVE, enter a descriptive name (VALN 102
for example) in the Name field and enter 102 in the VLAN Group ID field.
5 Select Fixed to configure port 2 to be a permanent member of this VLAN.
6 Clear the TX Tagging check box to set the Switch to remove VLAN tags before
sending.
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7 Click Add to save the settings to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time
memory are lost when the Switch’s power is turned off.
Figure 28 Tutorial: Create a Static VLAN
8 Click the VLAN Status link in the Static VLAN screen and then the VLAN Port
Setting link in the VLAN Status screen.
Figure 29 Tutorial: Click the VLAN Port Setting Link
9 Enter 102 in the PVID field for port 2 to add a tag to incoming untagged frames
received on that port so that the frames are forwarded to the VLAN group that the
tag defines.
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10 Click Apply to save your changes back to the run-time memory.
Figure 30 Tutorial: Add Tag for Frames Received on Port 2
Chapter 4 Tutorials
11 Click the Save link in the upper right corner of the web configurator to save your
configuration permanently.
4.2.3 Configuring DHCP Relay
Follow the steps below to enable DHCP relay on the Switch and allow the Switch to
add relay agent information (such as the VLAN ID) to DHCP requests.
1 Click IP Application > DHCP and then the Global link to open the DHCP Relay
screen.
2 Select the Active check box.
3 Enter the DHCP server’s IP address (192.168.2.3 in this example) in the Remote
DHCP Server 1 field.
4 Select the Option 82 and the Information check boxes.
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5 Click Apply to save your changes back to the run-time memory.
Figure 31 Tutorial: Set DHCP Server and Relay Information
6 Click the Save link in the upper right corner of the web configurator to save your
configuration permanently.
7 The DHCP server can then assign a specific IP address based on the DHCP
request.
4.2.4 Troubleshooting
Check the client A’s IP address. If it did not receive the IP address 172.16.1.18,
make sure:
1 Client A is connected to the Switch’s port 2 in VLAN 102.
2 You configured the correct VLAN ID, port number and system name for DHCP relay
on both the DHCP server and the Switch.
3 You clicked the Save link on the Switch to have your settings take effect.
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PART II
Basic Configuration
The Web Configurator (57)
Initial Setup Example (67)
System Status and Port Statistics (73)
Basic Setting (79)
55
56
CHAPTER 5
The Web Configurator
This section introduces the configuration and functions of the web configurator.
5.1 Introduction
The web configurator is an HTML-based managem ent interface that allows easy
Switch setup and management via Inter n et br ows e r. Use Internet Explorer 6.0
and later or Netscape Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen
resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
• Web brows er pop-up windows from your device. W eb pop-up blocking i s enabled
by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
5.2 System Login
1 Start your web browser.
2 Type “http://” and the IP address of the Switch (the default management IP
address is 192.168.1.1 through an in-band (non-MGMT) port and 192.168.0.1
through the MGMT port) in the Location or Address field. Press [ENTER].
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3 The login screen appears. The default username is admin and associated default
password is 1234. The date and time display as shown if you hav e not configured
a time server nor manually entered a time and date in the General Setup screen.
Figure 32 Web Configurator: Login
4 Click OK to view the first web configurator screen.
5.3 The Status Screen
The Status screen is the first screen that displays when you access the web
configurator.
The following figure shows the navigating components of a web configurator
screen.
Figure 33 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status)
A
B
C
DE
58
A - Click the menu items to open submenu links, and then click on a submenu link
to open the screen in the main window.
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B, C, D, E - These are quick links which allow you to perform certain tasks no
matter which screen you are currently working in.
B - Click this link to save your configuration into the Switch’s nonvolatile memory.
Nonvolatile memory is the configuration of y our Switch that stays the same even if
the Switch’s power is turned off.
C - Click this link to go to the status page of the Switch.
D - Click this link to logout of the web configurator.
E - Click this link to display web help pages. The help pages provide descriptions
for all of the configuration screens.
In the navigation panel, click a main link to reveal a list of submenu links.
Table 4 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview
BASIC SETTING
ADVANCED
APPLICATION
IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
The following table describes the links in the navigation panel.
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links
LINK DESCRIPTION
Basic Settings
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Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued)
LINK DESCRIPTION
System Info This link takes you to a screen that displays general system and
hardware monitoring information.
General Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure general
identification information about the Switch.
Switch Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can set up global Switch
parameters such as VLAN type, MAC address learning, GARP and priority
queues.
IP Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the IP address,
subnet mask (necessary for Switch management) and DNS (domain
name server) and set up to 64 IP routing domains.
Port Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure settings for
individual Switch ports.
Advanced Application
VLAN This link takes you to screens where you can configure port-based or
802.1Q VLAN (depending on what you configured in the Switch Setup
menu). You can also configure a subnet based VLAN in these screens.
Static MAC
Forwarding
Static
Multicast
Forwarding
Filtering This link takes you to a screen to set up filtering rules.
Spanning Tree
Protocol
Bandwidth
Control
Broadcast
Storm Control
Mirroring This link takes you to screens where you can copy traffic from one port or
Link
Aggregation
Port
Authentication
Port Security This link takes you to screens where you can activate MAC address
Classifier This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the Switch to
Policy Rule This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the Switch to
Queuing
Method
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure static MAC
addresses for a port. These static MAC addresses do not age out.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure static multicast
MAC addresses for port(s). These static multicast MAC addresses do not
age out.
This link takes you to screens where you can configure the RSTP/MRSTP/
MSTP to prevent network loops.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure bandwidth limits
on the Switch.
This link takes you to a screen to set up broadcast filters.
ports to another port in order that you can examine the traffic from the
first port without interference.
This link takes you to screens where you can logically aggregate physical
links to form one logical, higher-bandwidth link.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure IEEE 802.1x port
authentication as well as MAC authentication for clients communicating
via the Switch.
learning and set the maximum number of MAC addresses to learn on a
port.
group packets based on the specified criteria.
perform special treatment on the grouped packets.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure queuing with
associated queue weights for each port.
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Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued)
LINK DESCRIPTION
VLAN Stacking This link takes you to screens where you can configure VLAN stacking
which helps to distinguish multiple customers VLANs.
Multicast This link takes you to screens where you can configure various multicast
features, IGMP snooping and create multicast VLANs.
AAA This link takes you to a screen where you can configure authentication,
authorization and accounting services via external servers. The external
servers can be either RADIUS (Remote Au thentication Dial-In User
Service) or TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System
Plus).
IP Source
Guard
Loop Guard This link takes you to a screen where you can configure protection
VLAN Mapping This link takes you to screens where you can configure VLAN mapping
Layer 2
Protocol
Tunneling
IP Application
Static Routing This link takes you to a screen where you can configure static routes. A
DiffServ This link takes you to screens where you can enable DiffServ, configure
DHCP This link takes you to screens where you can configure the DHCP
Management
Maintenance This link takes you to screens where you can perform firmware and
Access Control This link takes you to screens where you can change the system login
Diagnostic This link takes you to a screen where you can view system logs and test
Syslog This link takes you to screens where you can setup system logs and a
Cluster
Management
MAC Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses
ARP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses –
Configure
Clone
This link takes you to screens where you can configure filtering of
unauthorized DHCP and ARP packets in your network.
against network loops that occur on the edge of your network.
settings on the Switch.
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure L2PT (Layer 2
Protocol Tunneling) settings on the Switch.
static route defines how the Switch should forward traffic by configuring
the TCP/IP parameters manually.
Two Rate Three Color Marker settings and set DSCP-to-IEEE802.1p
mappings.
settings.
configuration file maintenance as well as reboot the system.
password and configure SNMP and remote management.
port(s).
system log server.
This link takes you to screens where you can configure clustering
management and view its status.
(and types) of devices attached to what ports and VLAN IDs.
IP address resolution table.
This link takes you to a screen where you can copy attributes of one port
to other ports.
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5.3.1 Change Your Password
After you log in for the first time, it is recommended you change the default
administrator password. Click Management > Access Control > Logins to
display the next screen.
Figure 34 Change Administrator Login Password
5.4 Saving Your Configuration
When you are done modifying the settings in a screen, click Apply to save your
changes back to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory are lost
when the Switch’s power is turned off.
Click the Save link in the upper right hand corner of the web configur ator to save
your configuration to nonvolatile memory. Nonvolatile memory refers to the
Switch’s storage that remains even if the Switch’s power is turned off.
Note: Use the Save link when you are done with a configuration session.
5.5 Switch Lockout
You could block yourself (and all others) from using in-band-management
(managing through the data ports) if you do one of the following:
1 Delete the management VLAN (default is VLAN 1).
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2 Delete all port-based VLANs with the CPU port as a member. The “CPU port” is the
management port of the Switch.
3 Filter all traffic to the CPU port.
4 Disable all ports.
5 Misconfigure the text configuration file.
6 Forget the password and/or IP address.
7 Prevent all services from accessing the Switch.
8 Change a service port number but forget it.
Note: Be careful not to lock yourself and others out of the Switch. If you do lock
yourself out, try using out-of-band management (via the management port) to
configure the Switch.
5.6 Resetting the Switch
If you lock yourself (and others) from the Switch or forget the administrator
password, you will need to reload the factory-default configur ation file or reset the
Switch back to the factory defaults.
5.6.1 Reload the Configuration File
Uploading the factory-default configuration file replaces the current configuration
file with the factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all
previous configurations and the speed of the console port will be reset to the
default of 9600bps with 8 data bit, no parity, one stop bit and flow control set to
none. The password will also be reset to “1234” and the IP address to
192.168.1.1.
To upload the configuration file, do the following:
1 Connect to the console port using a computer with terminal emulation software.
2 Disconnect and reconnect the Switch’s power to begin a session. When you
reconnect the Switch’s power, you will see the initial screen.
3 When you see the message “Press any key to enter Debug Mode within 3
seconds ...” press any key to enter debug mode.
4 Type atlc after the “Enter Debug Mode” message.
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5 Wait for the “Starting XMODEM upload” message before activating XMODEM
upload on your terminal.
6 After a configuration file upload, type atgo to restart the Switch.
Figure 35 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port
ootbase Version: V0.4 | 12/13/2007 01:35:53
RAM: Size = 65536 Kbytes
DRAM POST: Testing: 65536K
OK
FLASH: AMD 64M *1
CACHE_WB 266Mhz brcmConf=e3800000(I-ON, D-ON)
ZyNOS Version: V3.90(BBA.0)b0 | 09/03/2008 17:16:26
Press any key to enter debug mode within 3 seconds.....................
Enter Debug Mode
ras> atlc
Starting XMODEM upload (CRC mode)....
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Total 393216 bytes received.
Erasing..
................................................................
OK
ras> atgo
The Switch is now reinitialized with a default configuration file including the default
password of “1234”.
5.7 Logging Out of the Web Configurator
Click Logout in a screen to exit the web configurator. Y ou hav e to log in with your
password again after you log out. This is recommended after you finish a
management session for security reasons.
Figure 36 Web Configurator: Logout Screen
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5.8 Help
The web configurator’s online help has descriptions of individual screens and some
supplementary information.
Click the Help link from a web configurator screen to view an online help
description of that screen.
Chapter 5 The Web Configurator
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CHAPTER 6
Initial Setup Example
This chapter shows how to set up the Switch for an example network.
6.1 Overview
The following lists the configuration steps for the initial setup:
• Create a VLAN
• Set port VLAN ID
• Configure the Switch IP management address
6.1.1 Creating a VLAN
VLANs confine broadcast frames to the VLAN group in which the port(s) belongs.
You can do this with port-based VLAN or tagged static VLAN with fixed port
members.
In this example, you want to configure port 1 as a member of VLAN 2.
Figure 37 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN
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Chapter 6 Initial Setup Example
1 Click Advanced Application > VLAN in the navigation panel and click the Static
VLAN link.
2 In the Static VLAN screen,
select ACTIVE, enter a
descriptive name in the Name
field and enter 2 in the VLAN
Group ID field for the VLAN2
network.
Note: The VLAN Group ID field in this screen and the VID field in the IP Setup
screen refer to the same VLAN ID.
3 Since the VLAN2 network is connected to port 1 on the Switch, select Fixed to
configure port 1 to be a permanent member of the VLAN only.
4 To ensure that VLAN-unaware devices (such as computers and hubs) can receive
frames properly, clear the TX Tagging check box to set the Switch to remove
VLAN tags before sending.
5 Click Add to save the settings to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time
memory are lost when the Switch’s power is turned off.
6.1.2 Setting Port VID
Use PVID to add a tag to incoming untagged frames received on that port so that
the frames are forwarded to the VLAN group that the tag defines.
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Chapter 6 Initial Setup Example
In the example network, configure 2 as the port VID on port 1 so that any
untagged frames received on that port get sent to VLAN 2.
Figure 38 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID
1 Click Advanced Applications
> VLAN in the navigation panel.
Then click the VLAN Port
Setting link.
2 Enter 2 in the PVID field for
port 1 and click Apply to save
your changes back to the runtime memory. Settings in the
run-time memory are lost when
the Switch’s power is turned off.
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Chapter 6 Initial Setup Example
6.2 Configuring Switch Management IP Address
The default management IP address of the Switch is 192.168.1.1. You can
configure another IP address in a different subnet for management purposes. The
following figure shows an example.
Figure 39 Initial Setup Example: Management IP Address
1 Connect your computer to any Ethernet port on the Switch. Make sure your
computer is in the same subnet as the Switch.
2 Open your web browser and enter 192.168.1.1 (the default IP address) in the
address bar to access the web configurator. See Section 5.2 on page 57 for more
information.
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3 Click Basic Setting > IP Setup
in the navigation panel.
4 Configure the related fields in the
IP Setup screen.
5 For the VLAN2 network, enter
192.168.2.1 as the IP address
and 255.255.255.0 as the subnet
mask.
6 In the VID field, enter the ID of
the VLAN group to which you
want this management IP
address to belong. This is the
same as the VLAN ID you
configure in the Static VLAN
screen.
Chapter 6 Initial Setup Example
7 Click Add to save your changes
back to the run-time memory.
Settings in the run-time memory
are lost when the Switch’s power
is turned off.
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CHAPTER 7
System Status and Port
Statistics
This chapter describes the system status (web configurator home page) and port
details screens.
7.1 Overview
The home screen of the web configurator displays a port stati stical summary with
links to each port showing statistical details.
7.2 Port Status Summary
To view the port statistics, click Status in all web configurator screens to display
the Status screen as shown next.
Figure 40 Status
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Chapter 7 System Status and Port Statistics
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 6 Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port This identifies the Ethernet port. Click a port number to display the Port
Details screen (refer to Figure 41 on page 75).
Name This is the name you assigned to this port in the Basic Setting > Port
Setup screen.
Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbps
or 1000M for 1000Mbps) and the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half).
It also shows the cable type (Copper or Fiber) for the combo ports.
State If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP
state of the port (see Section 13.1 on page 125 for more information).
If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up,
otherwise, it displays STOP.
LACP This fields displays whether LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) has
been enabled on the port.
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port.
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port.
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second transmitted on this
port.
Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time in hours, minutes and seconds
the port has been up.
Clear Counter Enter a port number and then click Clear Counter to erase the recorded
statistical information for that port, or select Any to clear statistics for all
ports.
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7.2.1 Status: Port Details
Click a number in the Port column in the Status screen to display individual port
statistics. Use this screen to check status and detailed perf ormance data about an
individual port on the Switch.
Figure 41 Status > Port Details
Chapter 7 System Status and Port Statistics
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7 Status: Port Details
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port Info
Port NO. This field displays the port number you are viewing.
Name This field displays the name of the port.
Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbps
or 1000M for 1000Mbps) and the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half
duplex). It also shows the cable type (Copper or Fiber).
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Table 7 Status: Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Status If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP state
of the port (see Section 13.1 on page 125 for more information).
If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up,
otherwise, it displays STOP.
LACP This field shows if LACP is enabled on this port or not.
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the number kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.
Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time the connection has been up.
Tx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets transmitted.
TX Packet This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and
broadcast) transmitted.
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets transmitted.
BroadcastThis field shows the number of good broadcast packets transmitted.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets transmitted.
Tagged This field shows the number of packets with VLAN tags transmitted.
Rx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets received.
RX
Packet
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets received.
BroadcastThis field shows the number of good broadcast packets received.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets received.
Control This field shows the number of control packets received (including those
TX Collision
The following fields display information on collisions while transmitting.
Single This is a count of successfully tr ansmitted packets for which transmission is
Multiple This is a count of successfully transmitted packets for which transmission
ExcessiveThis is a count of packets for which transmission failed due to excessive
Late This is the number of times a late collision is detected, that is, after 512
This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and
broadcast) received.
with CRC error) but it does not include the 802.3x Pause packets.
inhibited by exactly one collision.
was inhibited by more than one collision.
collisions. Excessive collision is defined as the number of maximum
collisions before the retransmission count is reset.
bits of the packets have already been transmitted.
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Chapter 7 System Status and Port Statistics
Table 7 Status: Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Error Packet The following fields display detailed information about packets received
that were in error.
RX CRC This field shows the number of packets received with CRC (Cyclic
Redundant Chec k) error(s).
Length This field shows the number of packets received with a length that was out
of range.
Runt This field shows the number of packets received that were too short
(shorter than 64 octets), including the ones with CRC errors.
Distribution
64 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received
that were 64 octets in length.
65-127 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received
that were between 65 and 127 octets in length.
128-255 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received
that were between 128 and 255 octets in length.
256-511 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received
that were between 256 and 511 octets in length.
512-
1023
1024-
1518
Giant This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received
This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received
that were between 512 and 1023 octets in length.
This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received
that were between 1024 and 1518 octets in length.
that were between 1519 octets in length and the maximum frame size.
The maximum frame size varies depending on your switch model. See
Chapter 42 on page 357.
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CHAPTER 8
Basic Setting
This chapter describes how to configure the System Info, General Setup,
Switch Setup, IP Setup and Port Setup screens.
8.1 Overview
The System Info screen displays general Switch information (such as firmware
version number) and hardware polling information (such as fan speeds). The
General Setup screen allows you to configure general Switch identification
information. The General Setup screen also allows you to set the system time
manually or get the current time and date from an external server when you turn
on your Switch. The real time is then displayed in the Switch logs. The Switch
Setup screen allows you to set up and configure global Switch features. The IP
Setup screen allows you to configure a Switch IP address in each routing domain,
subnet mask(s) and DNS (domain name server) for management purposes.
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Chapter 8 Basic Setting
8.2 System Information
In the navigation panel, click Basic Setting > System Info to displa y the screen
as shown. You can check the firmware version number and monitor the Switch
temperature, fan speeds and voltage in this screen.
Figure 42 Basic Setting > System Info
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 8 Basic Setting > System Info
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System
Name
ZyNOS F/W
Version
Ethernet
Address
Hardware Monitor
Temperature
Unit
Temperature BOARD, MAC and PHY refer to the location of the temperature sensors on
Current This shows the current temperature at this sensor.
MAX This field displays the maximum temperature measured at this sensor.
MIN This field displays the minimum temperature measured at this sensor.
Threshold This field displays the upper temperature limit at this sensor.
Status This field displays Normal for temper atures below the threshold and Error
This field displays the descriptive name of the Switch for identification
purposes.
This field displays the version number of the Switch 's current firmware
including the date created.
This field refers to the Ethernet MAC (Media Access Control) address of the
Switch.
The Switch has temperature sensors that are capable of detecting and
reporting if the temperature rises above the threshold. You may choose
the temperature unit (Centigrade or Fahrenheit) in this field.
the Switch printed circuit board.
for those above.
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Chapter 8 Basic Setting
Table 8 Basic Setting > System Info (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Fan Speed
(RPM)
Current This field displays this fan's current speed in Revolutions Per Minute (RPM).
MAX This field displays this fan's maximum speed measured in Revolutions Per
MIN This field displays this fan's minimum speed measured in Revolutions Per
Threshold This field displays the minimum speed at which a normal fan should work.
Status Normal indicates that this fan is functioning above the minimum speed.
Voltage(V) The power supply for each voltage has a sensor that is capable of
Current This is the current voltage reading.
MAX This field displays the maximum voltage measured at this point.
MIN This field displays the minimum voltage measured at this point.
Threshold This field displays the percentage tolerance of the voltage with which the
Status Normal indicates that the voltage is within an acceptable operating range
A properly functioning fan is an essential component (along with a
sufficiently ventilated, cool operating environment) in order for the device
to stay within the temperature threshold. Each fan has a sensor that is
capable of detecting and reporting if the fan speed falls below the
threshold shown.
Minute (RPM).
Minute (RPM). "<41" is displayed for speeds too small to measure.
Error indicates that this fan is functioning below the minimum speed.
detecting and reporting if the voltage falls out of the tolerance range.
Switch still works.
at this point; otherwise Error is displayed.
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8.3 General Setup
Use this screen to configure general settings such as the system name and time.
Click Basic Setting > General Setup in the navigation panel to display the
screen as shown.
Figure 43 Basic Setting > General Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 9 Basic Setting > General Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name Choose a descriptive name for identification purposes. Th is name
consists of up to 64 printable characters; spaces are allowed.
Location Enter the geographic location of your Switch. You can use up to 32
printable ASCII characters; spaces are allowed.
Contact
Person's Name
Enter the name of the person in charge of this Switch. You can use up to
32 printable ASCII characters; spaces are allowed.
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Chapter 8 Basic Setting
Table 9 Basic Setting > General Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Use Time
Server when
Bootup
Time Server IP
Address
Current Time This field displays the time you open this menu (or refresh the menu).
New Time
(hh:min:ss)
Current Date This field displays the date you open this menu.
New Date
(yyyy-mm-dd)
Time Zone Select the time difference between UTC (Universal Time Coordinated,
Daylight
Saving Time
Enter the time service protocol that your timeserver uses. Not all time
servers support all protocols, so you may have to use trial and error to
find a protocol that works. The main differences between them are the
time format.
When you select the Daytime (RFC 867) format, the Switch displays
the day, month, year and time with no time zone adjustment. When you
use this format it is recommended that you use a Daytime timeserver
within your geographical time zone.
Time (RFC-868) format displays a 4-byte integer giving the total
number of seconds since 1970/1/1 at 0:0:0.
NTP (RFC-1305) is similar to Time (RFC-868).
None is the default value. Enter the time manually. Each time you turn
on the Switch, the time and date will be reset to 1970-1-1 0:0.
Enter the IP address of your timeserver. The Switch searches for the
timeserver for up to 60 seconds. If you select a timeserver that is
unreachable, then this screen will appear locked for 60 seconds. Please
wait.
Enter the new time in hour, minute and second format. The new time
then appears in the Current Time field after you click Apply.
Enter the new date in year, month and day format. The new date then
appears in the Current Date field after you click Apply.
formerly known as GMT, Greenwich Mean Time) and your time zone from
the drop-down list box.
Daylight saving is a period from late spring to early fall when many
countries set their clocks ahead of normal local time by one hour to give
more daytime light in the evening.
Select this option if you use Daylight Saving Time.
Start Date Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time starts if you
selected Daylight Saving Time. The time is displayed in the 24 hour
format. Here are a coupl e o f ex am ples:
Daylight Saving Time starts in most parts of the United States on the
second Sunday of March. Each time zone in the United States starts
using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States
you would select Second, Sunday, March and 2:00.
Daylight Saving Time starts in the European Union on the last Sunday of
March. All of the time zones in the European Union start using Daylight
Saving Time at the same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the
European Union you would select Last, Sunday, March and the last
field depends on your time zone. In Germany for instance, you would
select 2:00 because Germany's time zone is one hour ahead of GMT or
UTC (GMT+1).
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Table 9 Basic Setting > General Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
End Date Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time ends if you
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
selected Daylight Saving Time. The time field uses the 24 hour
format. Here are a coupl e o f ex am ples:
Daylight Saving Time ends in the United States on the first Sunday of
November. Each time zone in the United States stops using Daylight
Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you would
select First, Sunday, November and 2:00.
Daylight Saving Time ends in the European Union on the last Sunday of
October. All of the time zones in the European Union stop using Daylight
Saving Time at the same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the
European Union you would select Last, Sunday, October and the last
field depends on your time zone. In Germany for instance, you would
select 2:00 because Germany's time zone is one hour ahead of GMT or
UTC (GMT+1).
Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the
Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the nonvolatile memory when you are done configuring.
8.4 Introduction to VLANs
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned
into multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A
device can belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly
talk to or hear from devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must
first go through a router.
In MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and
security among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one
subscriber from accessing the netw ork resources of another on the same LAN,
thus a user will not see the printers and hard disks of another user in the same
building.
VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and
more manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments,
all broadcast packets go to each and every individual port. Wit h VLAN, all
broadcasts are confined to a specific broadcast domain.
Note: VLAN is unidirectional; it only governs outgoing traffic.
See Chapter 9 on page 95 for information on port-based and 802.1Q tagged
VLANs.
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8.5 Switch Setup Screen
Click Basic Setting > Switch Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen
as shown. The VLAN setup screens change depending on whether you choose
802.1Q or Port Based in the VLAN Type field in this screen. R efer to the chapter on
VLAN.
Figure 44 Basic Setting > Switch Setup
Chapter 8 Basic Setting
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 10 Basic Setting > Switch Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Ty pe Choose 802.1Q or Port Based. The VLAN Setup screen changes
depending on whether you choose 802.1Q VLAN type or Port Based
VLAN type in this screen. See Chapter 9 on page 95 for more
information.
Bridge Control
Protocol
Transparency
MAC Address
Learning
Aging Time Enter a time from 10 to 3000 seconds. This is how long all dynamically
GARP Timer: Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by
issuing a Join message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave
message. A Leave All message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration
timeout values. See the chapter on VLAN setup for more background information.
Select Active to allow the Switch to handle bridging control protocols
(STP for example). You also need to define how to treat a BPDU in the
Port Setup screen.
MAC address learning reduces outgoing traffic broadcasts. For MAC
address learning to occur on a port, the port must be active.
learned MAC addresses remain in the MAC address table before they age
out (and must be relearned).
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Table 10 Basic Setting > Switch Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Join Timer Join Timer sets the duration of the Join Period timer for GVRP in
Leave Timer Leave Time sets the duration of the Leave Period timer for GVRP in
Leave All
Timer
Priority Queue Assignment
IEEE 802.1p defines up to eight separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer
frame that contains bits to define class of service. Frames without an explicit priority tag
are given the default priority of the ingress port. Use the next fields to configure the
priority level-to-physical queue mapping.
The Switch has eight physical queues that you can map to the 8 priority levels. On the
Switch, traffic assigned to higher index queues gets through faster while traffic in lower
index queues is dropped if the network is congested.
Priority Level (The following descriptions are based on the traffic types defined in the IEEE
802.1d standard (which incorporates the 802.1p).
Level 7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration
Level 6 Typically used for v oice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is
Level 5 Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to
Level 4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA
Level 3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would
Level 2 This is for “spare bandwidth”.
Level 1 This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk
Level 0 Typically used for best-effort traffic.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
milliseconds. Each port has a Join Period timer. The allowed Join Time
range is between 100 and 65535 milliseconds; the default is 200
milliseconds. See the chapter on VLAN setup for more background
information.
milliseconds. Each port has a single Leave Period timer. Leave Time
must be two times larger than Join Timer; the default is 600
milliseconds.
Leave All Timer sets the duration of the Leave All P eriod timer for GVRP in
milliseconds. Each port has a single Leave All Period timer. Leave All
Timer must be larger than Leave Timer.
messages.
the variations in delay).
jitter.
(Systems Network Architecture) transactions.
include important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.
transfers that are allowed but that should not affect other applications
and users.
Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the
Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the nonvolatile memory when you are done configuring.
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8.6 IP Setup
Use the IP Setup screen to configure the Switch IP address, default gateway
device, the default domain name server and the management VLAN ID. The
default gateway specifies the IP address of the default gateway (next hop) for
outgoing traffic.
8.6.1 Management IP Addresses
The Switch needs an IP address for it to be managed over the network. The
factory default IP address is 192.168.1.1. The subnet mask specifies the network
number portion of an IP address. The factory default subnet mask is
255.255.255.0.
You can config ure up to 64 IP addresses which are used to access and manage the
Switch from the ports belonging to the pre-defined VLAN(s).
Chapter 8 Basic Setting
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Chapter 8 Basic Setting
Note: You must configure a VLAN first.
Figure 45 Basic Setting > IP Setup
88
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 11 Basic Setting > IP Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Domain Name
Server
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its
corresponding IP address and vice versa. Enter a domain name server
IP address in order to be able to use a domain name instead of an IP
address.
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Chapter 8 Basic Setting
Table 11 Basic Setting > IP Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Default
Management
In-Band Management IP Address
DHCP Client Select this option if you have a DHCP server that can assign the
Static IP Address Select this option if you don’t have a DHCP server or if you wish to
IP Address Enter the IP address of your Switch in dotted decimal notation for
IP Subnet Mask Enter the IP subnet mask of your Switch in dotted decimal notation
Default Gateway Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted
VID Enter the VLAN identification number associated with the Switch IP
Out-of-band Management IP Address
IP Address Enter the IP address of your Switch in dotted decimal notation for
Specify which traffic flow (In-Band or Out-of-band) the Switch is to
send packets originating from itself (such as SNMP traps) or packets
with unknown source.
Select Out-of-band to have the Switch send the packets to the outof-band management port. This means that device(s) connected to
the other port(s) do not receive these packets.
Select In-Band to have the Switch send the packets to all ports
except the out-of-band management port to which connected
device(s) do not receive these packets.
Switch an IP address, subnet mask, a default gateway IP address and
a domain name server IP address automatically.
assign static IP address information to the Switch. You need to fill in
the following fields when you select this option.
example 192.168.1.1.
for example 255.255.255.0.
decimal notation, for example 192.168.1.254.
address. This is the VLAN ID of the CPU and is used for management
only. The default is "1". All ports, by default, are fixed members of
this "management VLAN" in order to manage the device from any
port. If a port is not a member of this VLAN, then users on that port
cannot access the device. To access the Switch make sure the port
that you are connected to is a member of Management VLAN.
example 192.168.0.1.
If you change this IP address, make sure the computer connected to
this management port is in the same subnet before accessing the
Switch.
Subnet Mask Enter the IP subnet mask of your Switch in dotted decimal notation
for example 255.255.255.0.
Default Gateway Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted
decimal notation, for example 192.168.0.254.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory.
The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so
use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to
the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring the fields again.
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Table 11 Basic Setting > IP Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
In-band IP Addresses
You can create up to 64 IP addresses, which are used to access and manage the Switch
from the ports belonging to the pre-defined VLAN(s). You must configure a VLAN first.
IP Address Enter the IP address for managing the Switch by the members of th e
IP Subnet Mask Enter the IP subnet mask in dotted decimal notation.
VID Type the VLAN group identification number.
Default Gateway Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted
Add Click Add to insert the entry to the summary table below and save
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Index This field displays the index number of the rule. Click an index
IP Address This field displays the IP address.
IP Subnet Mask This field displays the subnet mask.
VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group.
Default Gateway This field displays the IP address of the default gateway.
Delete Check the management IP addresses that you want to remove in the
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the selected checkboxes in the Delete column.
VLAN specified in the VID field below.
decimal notation.
your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The Switch loses
these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link
on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile
memory when you are done configuring.
number to edit the rule.
Delete column, then click the Delete button.
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8.7 Port Setup
Use this screen to configure Switch port settings.Click Basic Setting > Port
Setup in the navigation panel to display the configuration screen.
Figure 46 Basic Setting > Port Setup
Chapter 8 Basic Setting
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 12 Basic Setting > Port Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port This is the port index number.
* Settings in this row apply to all ports.
Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same fo r all ports.
Use this row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments
on a port-by-port basis.
Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you
make them.
Active Select this check box to enable a port. The factory default for all ports is
enabled. A port must be enabled for data transmission to occur.
Name Enter a descriptive name that identifies this port. You can enter up to 64
alpha-numerical characters.
Note: Due to space limitation, the port name may be truncated in
some web configurator screens.
Type This field displays 10/100/1000M for Gigabit connections.
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Chapter 8 Basic Setting
Table 12 Basic Setting > Port Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Speed/
Duplex
Flow Control A concentration of traffic on a port decreases port bandwidth and overflows
Select the speed and the duplex mode of the Ethernet connection on this
port. Choices are Auto, 10M/Half Duplex, 10M/Full Duplex, 100M/
Half Duplex, 100M/Full Duplex and 1000M/Full Duplex.
Selecting Auto (auto-negotiation) allows one port to negotiate with a peer
port automatically to obtain the connection speed and duplex mode that
both ends support. When auto-negotiation is turned on, a port on the
Switch negotiates with the peer automatically to determine the connection
speed and duplex mode. If the peer port does not support auto-negotiation
or turns off this feature, the Switch determines the connection speed by
detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex mode. When the
Switch’s auto-negotiation is turned off, a port uses the pre-configured
speed and duplex mode when making a connection, thus requiring you to
make sure that the settings of the peer port are the same in order to
connect.
buffer memory causing packet discards and frame losses. Flow Control is
used to regulate transmission of signals to match the bandwidth of the
receiving port.
The Switch uses IEEE802.3x flow control in full duplex mode and
backpressure flow control in half duplex mode.
IEEE802.3x flow control is used in full duplex mode to send a pause signal
to the sending port, causing it to temporarily stop sending signals when
the receiving port memory buffers fill.
Back Pressure flow control is typically used in half duplex mode to send a
"collision" signal to the sending port (mimicking a state of packet collision)
causing the sending port to temporarily stop sending signals and resend
later. Select Flow Control to enable it.
802.1p
Priority
BPDU
Control
Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch’s run-time memory. The
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
This priority value is added to incoming frames without a (802.1p) priority
queue tag. See Priority Queue Assignment in Table 10 on page 85 for
more information.
Configure the way to treat BPDUs received on this port. You must activate
bridging control protocol transparency in the Switch Setup screen first.
Select Peer to process any BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Units) received on
this port.
Select Tunnel to forward BPDUs received on this port.
Select Discard to drop any BPDU received on this port.
Select Network to process a BPDU with no VLAN tag and forward a tagged
BPDU.
Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the
Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the nonvolatile memory when you are done configuring.
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PART III
Advanced
VLAN (95)
Static MAC Forward Setup (115)
Static Multicast Forward Setup (119)
Filtering (123)
Spanning Tre e Protocol (125)
Bandwidth Control (147)
Broadcast Storm Control (151)
Mirroring (153)
Link Aggregation (155)
Port Authentication (165)
Port Security (171)
Classifier (177)
Loop Guard (261)
VLAN Mapping (265)
Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling (269)
Policy Rule (185)
Queuing Method (193)
VLAN Stacking (197)
Multicast (205)
AAA (221)
IP Source Guard (235)
93
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CHAPTER 9
VLAN
The type of screen you see here depends on the VLAN Type you selected in the
Switch Setup screen. This chapter shows you how to configure 802.1Q tagged
and port-based VLANs.
9.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANs
A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the
VLAN membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch
on which they were created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or
dynamically through GVRP. The VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN
and provides the information that switches need to process the frame across the
network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an untagged frame and
contains two bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier , residing within the type/leng th
field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information, starts
after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).
The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for
Ethernet switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then
that frame should not be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining
twelve bits define the VLAN ID, giving a possible maximum number of 4,096
VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID are independent of each other. A
frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a pr iority frame, meaning that
only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the ingress port is given
as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to identify
priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN
configurations are 4,094.
TPID
2 Bytes
User Priority
3 Bits
CFI
1 Bit
VLAN ID
12 bits
9.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames
Each port on the Switch is capable of passing tagged or untagged frames. To
forward a frame from an 802.1Q VLAN-a ware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware
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Chapter 9 VLAN
switch, the Switch first decides where to forward the fr ame and then strips off the
VLAN tag. To forward a frame from an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch to an 802.1Q
VLAN-aware switch, the Switch first decides where to forward the frame, and then
inserts a VLAN tag reflecting the ingress port's default VID. The default PVID is
VLAN 1 for all ports, but this can be changed.
A broadcast frame (or a multicast frame for a multicast group that is known by the
system) is duplicated only on ports that are members of the VID (except the
ingress port itself), thus confining the broadcast to a specific domain.
9.2 Automatic VLAN Registration
GARP and GVRP are the protocols used to automatically register VLAN
membership across switches.
9.2.1 GARP
GARP (Generic Attribute Registration Protocol) allows network switches to register
and de-register attribute values with other GARP participants within a bridged
LAN. GARP is a protocol that provides a generic mechanism for protocols that
serve a more specific application, for example, GVRP.
9.2.1.1 GARP Timers
Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a
Join message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave
message. A Leave All message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set
declaration timeout values.
9.2.2 GVRP
GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a
way for switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the
network. Enable this function to permit VLAN groups beyond the local Switch.
Please refer to the following table for common IEEE 802.1Q VLAN terminology.
Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology
VLAN
PARAMETER
VLAN Type Permanent VLAN This is a static VLAN created manually.
TERM DESCRIPTION
96
Dynamic VLAN This is a VLAN configured by a GVRP registration/
deregistration process.
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Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology (continued)
VLAN
PARAMETER
VLAN
Administrative
Control
VLAN Tag Control Tagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN tag all
VLAN Port Port VID This is the VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames
TERM DESCRIPTION
Registration Fixed Fixed registration ports are permanent VLAN
members.
Registration
Forbidden
Normal
Registration
Untagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN don't tag all
Acceptable Frame
Type
Ingress filtering If set, the Switch discards incoming frames for
Ports with registration forbidden are forbidden to
join the specified VLAN.
Ports dynamically join a VLAN using GVRP.
outgoing frames transmitted.
outgoing frames transmitted.
that this port received.
You may choose to accept both tagged and
untagged incoming frames, just tagged incoming
frames or just untagged incoming frames on a
port.
VLANs that do not have this port as a member
9.3 Port VLAN Trunking
Enable VLAN Trunking on a port to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN
groups to pass through that port. This is useful if you w ant to set up VL AN groups
on end devices without having to configure the same VLAN groups on
intermediary devices.
Refer to the following figure. Suppose you want to create VLAN groups 1 and 2
(V1 and V2) on devices A and B. Without VLAN Trunking, you must configure
VLAN groups 1 and 2 on all intermediary switches C, D and E; otherwise they will
drop frames with unknown VLAN group tags. However, with VLAN Trunking
enabled on a port(s) in each intermediary switch you only need to create VLAN
groups in the end devices (A and B). C, D and E automatically allow frames with
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VLAN group tags 1 and 2 (VLAN groups that are unknown to those switches) to
pass through their VLAN trunking port(s).
Figure 47 Port VLAN Trunking
9.4 Select the VLAN Type
Select a VLAN type in the Basic Setting > Switch Setup screen.
Figure 48 Switch Setup > Select VLAN Type
9.5 Static VLAN
Use a static VLAN to decide whether an incoming frame on a port should be
• sent to a VLAN group as normal depending on its VLAN tag.
• sent to a group whether it has a VLAN tag or not.
• blocked from a VLAN group regardless of its VLAN tag.
You can also tag all outgoing frames (that were previously untagged) from a port
with the specified VID.
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9.5.1 Static VLAN Status
See Section 9.1 on page 95 for more information on Static VLAN. Click Advanced
Application > VLAN from the navigation panel to display the VLAN Status
screen as shown next.
Figure 49 Advanced Application > VLAN: VLAN Status
Chapter 9 VLAN
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 14 Advanced Application > VLAN: VLAN Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Search
by VID
The Number
of VLAN
The Number
of Search
Results
Index This is the VLAN index number. Click on an index number to view more
VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the Static
Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered
Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the Switch; dynamic -
Change Pages Click Previous or Next to show the previous/next screen if all status
Enter an existing VLAN ID number(s) (separated by a comma) and click
Search to display only the specified VLAN(s) in the list below.
Leave this field blank and click Search to display all VLANs configured on
the Switch.
This is the number of VLANs configured on the Switch.
This is the number of VLANs that match the searching criteria and display
in the list below.
This field displays only when you use the Search button to look for
certain VLANs.
VLAN details.
VLAN screen.
or a static VLAN was set up.
using GVRP, static - added as a permanent entry or other - added in
another way such as via Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR).
information cannot be seen in one screen.
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Chapter 9 VLAN
9.5.2 VLAN Details
Use this screen to view detailed port settings and status of the VLAN group. See
Section 9.1 on page 95 for more information on static VLAN. Click on an index
number in the VLAN Status screen to display VLAN details.
Figure 50 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Detail
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 15 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Detail
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Status Click this to go to the VLAN Status screen.
VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the Static
VLAN screen.
Port Number This column displays the ports that are participating in a VLAN. A tagged
port is marked as T, an untagged port is marked as U and ports not
participating in a VLAN are marked as “–“.
Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered
or a static VLAN was set up.
Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the Switch; dynamic -
using GVRP, static - added as a permanent entry or other - added in
another way such as via Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR).
9.5.3 Configure a Static VLAN
Use this screen to configure and view 802.1Q VLAN parameters for the Switch.
See Section 9.1 on page 95 for more information on static VLAN. To configure a
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