Xerox EP0033574 User Manual
ê
19
Europâisches
European
Office
Patent Office
européen
Patentamt
des brevets
(îî)
Publication
number:
O
Bl
033
574
(12)
Date of
©
@
Application
Date
@
Electrical
(54)
intensifier
(§)
Priority:
Date of
@
12.08.81 Bulletin 81/32
Publication of the
(45)
28.09.83
publication
number:
offiling:
02.02.81
power
tube.
04.02.80 GB 8003613
publication
Bulletin 83/39
EUROPEAN PATENT
of
patent
81200119.6
supply
arrangement
of
application:
of
grant
spécification:
the
patent:
28.09.83
for
image
SPECIFICATION
H
01
J
Int. Cl.3:
©
intensifier tubes and combination thereof with
@
Proprietor:
ASSOCIATED
Arundel
London WC2R 3DT
GB
®
(73)
Proprietor:
Groenewoudseweg
NL-5621 BA Eindhoven
BE
(84)
DE FR NL SE
PHILIPS ELECTRONIC AND
Great
N.V.
29/98, H
INDUSTRIES
Court 8 Arundel
(GB)
Philips'
Gloeilampenfabrieken
1
(NL)
01 J
LIMITED
Street
an
31/50
image
@ Designated
BE DE FR GBNLSE
Références cited:
(56)
GB
A
1 340
-
-
A
-
-
notice
(Art.
3 694
3 739 178
a
99(1)
US
US -A-
US -A -3 848
US-A-4056
Note: Within
give
be filed in
paid.
Contracting
092
659
123
721
nine
the
to
written reasoned
European
States:
months
European
from
patent
the
publication
Patent Office of
statement.
convention).
It
Courier
of
the mention
opposition
shall
not
Press,
Leamington
@
(74)
the
to
be deemed
Inventor:
c/o. Mullard Limited
Mitcham,
Représentative:
Philips
Department
London WC1
of
the
European
to
Spa,
McDonald,
Surrey
Electronic and Associated Ind.
grant
have been
England.
Boxall,
Mullard House
E
7HD (GB)
the
of
granted.
patent
filed until the
Richard
New Road
CR4 4XY
Robin John
European
Notice of
Lewis Cameron
(GB)
et al,
Ltd. Patent
Torrington
patent,
any person may
opposition
opposition
fee has been
Place
shall
The
present
power
imaging
fier device
description image
which
window
electronic
photocathode.
focusing
electron
modifying
microchannel
fying
entrant
window
opposite
for
fied
plate.
image
number of
a
to
channel
supply
respect
channel
1.0
input
focus
KV,
electrode
supply
respect
channel
plate
into
voltage
at
of the
potential
electrode of
phosphor
the
focus correction electrode float
variations
Generally
form
fit
envelope
is
ponents
tion
intensifier tubes
examples
block schematic circuit
1 of the
supply
intensifier tube.
Such tubes
there is
the electronic
producing
electronic
A
intensifier tube is
variable
the
input
is minus
KV,
electrode
correction electrode
10 nA measured
is
variable
a
100
a
supplied
instant
any
photocathode,
hollow
a
the
on
possible having regard
between
Various
The
two
invention relates
tube
having a photocathode
side
to
plate,
to
image
accompanying drawings.
arrangement
employing
which
will be
image
the
electron
image, a
the
thereof,
having
exit
the
power
substantially
potential
and
plate.
the
nA measured with
10
the
of
plus
the
plate,
MΩ
difference
the microchannel
screen
in
the
cylindrical
to
provide
used and the
the
power
will be described
examples
tube for
referred
comprise
may
arranged a
of
A
focusing
image
a
image leaving
the conical anode
output
depends
power
cylindrical
light impinging on
conical anode electrode for
focus correction electrode for
intensifier
image
and
phosphor
a
side of the microchannel
visible
supply
difference which is
output
Generally
2.0
KV,
electrode
input
the
of
with
microchannel
5
KV,
and
across
voltage
load
across
intensifier tube
fixed whilst the
is
the
channel
the
supply
as
voltage
high
supplies
are
for
microchannel intensi-
a
hereinafter
to
fibre
beam
and
of the
electrodes of the micro-
microchannel
70 nA measured with
electrode
on
compact an
need
known of
diagram
electron
impinging on
fibre
a
screen
image
is
between the
conical
from the
the microchannel
for
use
required to produce
fixed D.C.
the
120 nA measured with
supply
respect
plate,
the microchannel
of
plus
supplied.
microchannel
the
the
photometric gain
is
shell
which
surface of the
the
to
to
outputs.
for
with
the
of
to
an
convenience of
an
for
plate
with
photocathode
of the micro-
supply
respect
of
200
required.
plate
anode
plate
encapsulated
number of
provide
use
reference
shown
known
electrical
an
electronic
as an
envelope
optic input
providing an
inverting
optic
voltages
minus
is
to
the
the micro-
to
The
potentials
assembly as
with
which
beam,
for
ampli-
output
disposed
plate
ampli-
such
applied
is
plus
to
plate,
the
input
screen
1000
exact
plate
output
and
and the
with
voltage.
is
close
a
tube
com-
insula-
image
two
to
in
Figure
power
the
the
the
and
the
the
1.0
The
the
the
the
in
an
V
of
to
supplies
example
whilst the
oscillators
a
ferences the circuits
oscillator which
output
peak.
tioned D.C.
conical
and
a
a
Generally
voltage
and 22.
description
derived from its
19
(ABC)
oscillator 26 which
alternating voltage.
sary
the
tion
derived from the 5 KV DC
32.
to
variable
plate
nected
input
CPI
plies 13,
float with
asynchronous
arises
oscillator 26
inductance and
ary
the
when the
quency
and
which
which
harmonic
oscillators
sive.
second
and 26 have
levels. However
within
has
specialized
order
10,
forced
quency.
current to
differ from each other
has
asynchronous
second
link between
In
and 21. An
screen
The
the channel
In
of the
frequency
The
26 which
10, 26,
Figure
the
to
levels.
output
"pulling"
1 the
voltage
This
anode,
screen
multiplier
circuit 24
maintain
output
D.C.
of
to
CPI and
the
because of
also
pulling produces
is
problem
example
reasonable
a
been found
reduce
to
to
of the order
voltage
voltages
the
of
these
voltages
However for the
each
of these
a
over a
To this
of the oscillator 26 is
plate
voltage across
the
tube 36. The
outputs
channel
is also
15 and
the CPI
of
case
oscillators
being
stray
step-up
of
output
changes causing
between the oscillators 10 and 26
unacceptable
beating
26
10,
in
the
in
component
the
will
operate
Since
the
batteries
power
respective
of
example
the broken line 11
them.
voltage.
operation
Apart
are substantially
oscillator
produces a
is used
for the
focus correction electrode
an image
are provided by a
having
outputs
automatic
is
provided to
produces a
The ABC
constant
wide
range
end,
an
supply
identified
plate
connected
that their
19
so
the first
the
output
variable. Due
capacitance
transformer which controls
voltage changes,
an
to
and
be
can
flicker
which the
frequency
same
order
performance
that
selection is
pulling
consume
other
at
supply,
in that the
oscillators
has
synchronised
indicating
from
these dif-
the
10
is
high voltage
a
fixed
of 1 KV
to
photocathode,
intensifier tube 36.
outputs
D.C.
brightness
circuit 24 is
brightness
ABC
supply
28
the microchannel
supply
example
10,
of
instability
viewer. Whilst the
a
pulling
controlled,
is
overcome
two
be able
to
an expensive
of the
excessive
than
are
it is
alternating
peak-to-
provide
convenience of
of
which
as
output
to
the oscillator
harmonic
their
the
14, 16,
is shown
supply
variable
input
sense
26,
voltage
specification
two
used
necessary
13, 15,
control
image on
illumina-
signal
the line
21
on
connected
supplies
28 is
channel
CPO. The
D.C.
the
outputs
which
a problem
the
to
the second-
in
the fre-
beating
or
between
is
it
oscillators
all
for
to
operate
required
oscillators
power
natural fre-
to
first
26
10,
same.
men-
the
high
20
be
to
control
the
output
neces-
con-
plate
sup-
can
uses
of the
large
26,
flicker
the
expen-
the
by
10
light
and
supply
that
is
a
it
in
if
the
power
tube
proper
utilise
consequently
bulky.
It is
provide
intensifier
tion,
ponents.
According to
provided
image
image
comprising
(ABC) circuit
be
supplied
fier
circuit includes
comprising a
current
maximum
thermal
breakdown is avoided.
By
series
a
be constructed
Consequently
frequency
beating
ponents
the series
of
tion is
reduced but the size of
supply
In
back
transistor. The
reference
a
proportional to
fore
nected
means
means
amplifier. By making
ABC circuit direct
time of the ABC circuit
additional
no
the tube from the
bright light on
British
discloses in
image
tor
Walton
monitored and is used
produced
tions in
resistance)
the
to
order
between the
plate multiplier
the
consumption
be
kept
operation.
a large
the
an object
a
power
tube
flicker and
no
a
power
intensifier
intensifier
an
for
to
plate,
proportional
whose
input
characterized
transistor
less
gain
collector
runaway
virtue of
regulating
interference
or pulling.
is reduced and
regulating
necessary,
is smaller.
embodiment
an
amplifier
voltage
the
to
and automatic
may
Patent
Figures
intensifier
output
multiplier.
by
a
light intensity
of
output
to
vary
and
the
to
there
be connected
circuits
a vacuum photo
electrode
the
output
output
minimum
Both
these
number
encapsulated
the
of
supply
producing
the
the
is connected
amplifier
the
voltage multiplier.
the
light emitting
and the
for
which
has
a
the
present
supply
tube
having
plate,
automatic
microchannel
series
a
operated
than
unity
current
which would lead
ABC circuit
circuit,
having
will be
The overall number of
apart
circuit
therefore
the
of
and
screen current,
its
to
brightness,
brightness
the
current
are
effects of sudden
photocathode.
Specification
2
and
system
is
applied
The
vary
potential
electrode of
screen
electrodes of the channel
the
of
image
known
of
components
present
high voltage image
a
provides
small
invention
arrangement
the
brightness
variable
a
in that said control
regulating
and
that the risk of
a
power
single
a
no problems
due
from the
no
not
encapsulated
the ABC circuit
to
has
two
second for
a
to
current
ones,
is
sufficiently
necessary
3
having
screen
to
diode. These varia-
the
diode connected
the channel
of
difference
but also between
intensifier
consistent
examples
power
number of
a
controlling
the
a
vary
supply
invention
good
regula-
there
for
microchannel
power
image
in class
at
to
special
only
inputs,
control
the feedback
the
channel
single
a
to
conductivity
supply
control
voltage
intensi-
circuit
A
such
second
to
supply can
oscillator.
due
oscillators
transistor
selec-
is the
power
a
base of
one
a voltage
and
there-
which is
Gain
setting
setting
in the
paths
response
fast that
to
protect
flashes
1,340,092
oscilla-
Cockroft
a
current
the
plate
not
channel
the
a
with
and
is
to
com-
is
an
to
with
low
such
to
com-
cost
feed-
the
for
con-
of
plate
is
light
(or
in
only
plate multiplier;
tube and
the
the
input
multiplier
is
not
invention
vacuum
straints
been
manufacture would
because
Furthermore the
(M.T.F.),
contrast
adversely
of the
voltage
channel
embodiment
put
changing
tion
conical anode
electron
tial difference
voltage
to
only
photocell
of
such
a
type
produced
for
change
between the
plate
electrode/screen
maintained
in the embodiment
more
the
voltages applied
allowed
plier
intensifier tube.
by
of
made
embodiment
ABC
ABC
power
present
type
voltage multiplier
the series
prises a
which
ing voltage
ing voltage.
derive the D.C.
KV,
on
These
high voltage multiplier or
convenience of
14, 16,
nected
21.
to
be varied
to
without
The
present
of
way
of
6
the
Figure
an image
in accordance with the
Figure
system
Figure
system,
Figure
supply
series
Figure
Referring
single high voltage
produces a
The 1.0 KV
10
nA;
the
outputs
voltages
20 and
to
the
potential
between the
electrode
fixed. Such
being
different
but also
the
power
of
photocell
of the small
which is
the cited
at
higher spatial
of the
constant
the tube
float with the
multiplier
example
accompanying drawings,
2 is
a
intensifier tube and
3 is
a
of the
of
4 is
a
5
is
unit made
invention
voltage multiplier,
6
shows
multiplier
to
and
-1
a respective
from
requires
of
size
a
supply.
in
quantity
inherently
modulation transfer
measurement
a
system,
in
focusing
multiplier
across
invention will
Figure
output
present
focusing
and distortion
thus
the
by varying
affecting
with
block schematic
schematic circuit
series
Figure
simplified
complete
having a
an
which
in
2,
KV
1
KV
1.1
a
alternating voltage
outputs
10
KV,
14, 16,
be
may
description
22
will
differences
photocathode
of the
if
ever
and the
potential
and hence the
input
permitting
reference to
2,
in
example
can
Figure
the
peak-to-peak
peak-to-peak
of
Na and
20 and
derived
be shown
supply
channel
regulation
a
that of the
low
leakage
a
required by
As far
produced,
and therefore its
numbers concerned.
can
frequencies
due
to
electrode
invention
is avoided. Further-
the
of
the
to
electrode of the
channel
its
the
now
present
regulator
circuit
circuit
accordance
Cockroft Walton
and
be used in
5.
power
oscillator
-2
KV,
22, respectively.
separate
each
the
is
as
be
expensive
function
of loss
be effected
because
variations in
screen.
the
difference is
present
photocathode,
corrector
the
plate
electrode
input
M.T.F.
be
described,
Figures
wherein:
circuit
diagram
a
power
invention,
diagram
used in
diagram
diagram
with the
of
a
supply
circuit
alternat-
alternat-
is
130 nA
KV 70 Na
+6.1
using a single
supplies.
of
the
being
as
13, 15,
across
and
plate
system
present
high
con-
known,
has
not
of
of
the
In
an
out-
risk of
inven-
are
poten-
multi-
of the
2
supply
of
an
the
the
of
of
parallel
of
place
com-
18
used
to
+1
For
outputs
con-
19 and
a
The 1.1
supply
which
30
supply
the
one
circuit
signal
line 32. The
the
connected
supplies
voltages can
output.
outputs
200
order of
the
In order
good
series
a
in
Figure
comprises
example a
emitter
lector
KV
1.1
CPO
42
rail
transistor 38 and the
the
nected.
having
the base
amplifier
potential
resistor
resistor
between
reference
second
variation in the
any
cause
varied in
quickly
The
important
controlling a voltage
emitter
temperature
The
leakage.
leakage
attainable
It has
mercially
rated
tions. A transistor
size
conditions
mode"
rating
conditions.
Transistor
mechanisms
any
to
tor
carriers
rapidly
KV
peak-to-peak
is connected
be
may
is connected
30
hand
24
on
is derived
to
13,
The
potential
DC
is
a
and 1.1
to
regulation
regulator
3. This
an
selected BUX 87
is connected
is connected via
34
rail
output.
selection
at
and has
specific
The CPI
which the
to
The
output
high input impedance
of the transistor
44
is connected
divider formed
48
50. The
the rail
voltage
input
the
conductivity
such
restored
selection of the
because it
of
(VCE)
range
Leakage
current
at
been
available transistors
VCE≥900
a
prevailing
power
falls
to
obtaining
transistor
emitter
suddenly
increasing
via
and
other
the
from
output
CPI
the
15 and 19
float with
voltage
KV
with
100 MS2.
provide a
the ABC circuit
of
circuit
NPN
which is also connected
of
and
a
potential
42 and
line
of the
manner
a
that
to
least
at
(typically
parameters
is
will affect
output
found that there
V under
such
rating
V CE
supply
450
V under
ratings are governed by
voltage
start
alternating
KV D.C.
+1.1
to
a
voltage multiplier.
a
the
to
a
the 6.1 KV
of the ABC circuit
output
the
across
which
an
flicker-free
as
series
power
to
ground
a
output
junction
a
presettable
52 is connected
amplifier
voltage
of
set.
type
must
between
900
important
CPI.
as
of
in
a
(pulsed operation),
within
design
at
the
CPO
line
34
hand.
so
voltage on
output
shown
load
resistor
feedback
38.
to
by a
divider is
ground.
the transistor
that the
V
-60°C
are
the minimum
steady
BUX
1000
so-called
steady
which the
to increase,
conductivity
to
ABC
An
supply
and
to
that their
the CPI
can
vary
impedance
image
24
schematically
regulating
transistor
BUW 85
or
of the
a tapping
on
of
whose col-
and
resistor
is connected
collector of
40
amplifier
is connected
One
input
fixed
lower
A
44. In
the rail
transistor
be
capable
collector and
the
over
to
VCEI
because
are no com-
of suitable size
state
87 is of suitable
V
under those
"switched-
state
the transistor. For
is
there
current
supply
The
output
comprises
high
connected
1.5 V D.C.
voltage
the failure
on
ABC
the
sense
21
on
24
is
DC
the
output
the CPI
CPO
and
between
of
and
circuit
for
38,
whose
40
to
the
to
to
is
con-
44
to
of the
46 of
value
value
to
operation
42
will
38
be
to
38
is
of
required
+60°C).
size and
high
a
voltage
condi-
but
the
(class
A)
collec-
a
current
thereby
of the
is
transistor. This
breakdown". Once
avalanche
through
heating
catastrophic damage.
"second
mum
tor
ensured that second breakdown
This
87
voltage.
is effected
emitter
shown
emitter
voltage
current
conditions
87
a
a
a
a
supply
circuit 24
values of the
the
this connection it
the
temperature,
from
line 32
meter
P-channel enhancement field
(FET)
the
control
FET 56 is
transistor
fier 44 is formed
enhancement
is
tor
52
resistor
divider
tor
comprises
between the rail
fixed
tapping
50B
and
50B is
plate voltage.
across
standardise
can
low
turned
56
on
increases the
it
of the
breakdown".
It
has
current
by
means
permits
BUW
or
The
resistance. It is
in
resistance
appears
gain
BUW 85 is
or
Hence
with
Figure
particular
resistance of
400 MΩ
The
screen
is connected
53
56. The
operating
circuit 24.
connected between
38 and
is connected
60. The
is
58.
In
value resistor
46 and the
connected between
ground.
adjusted
the channel
be varied between 200 and
light
off. As the
conduction increases
the base of
mechanism is called
the transistor
condition,
can quickly
semiconductor which
been found
that
of
the
use
85
up
voltage
the
by
Figures
across
is
less
the avalanche
simple,
a
single
a
4 shows
including
components
microchannel
typical
a
to
current (I
via
resistor 54 and
a
potentiometer
level
connected between
38 and
FET
ground.
connected
this
embodiment the
high
a
42
The
to
The
the load.
level
operation
voltage
the
rise,
This mechanism
that
by limiting
flow
can
the resistor 40
of
transistor such
a
its
avalanche
to
which
at
current
3,
greater
one
should be borne in
a
3 CΩ.
The source-drain
ground.
58
to
tapping
value resistor
50A
wiper
load resistor
light
gain
feature of
a
4
and 5 that the base-
is
<1000 Q
the
than
breakdown of the BUX
compact
oscillator
embodiment
series
a
channel
resistance
screen)
the
to
of the automatic
by
whose source-drain
the
The reference
the
the
to
and the
connected
wiper
of
the maximum channel
set
plate
channel
The
level
reducing
transistor
the
of line
"avalance
is in the
current
causing
through
does
avalanche
and
transistor and
unity.
than 1000 V.
and
can
regulator.
selected
plate
plate
variation
tap
to
effect transistor
53
serves
the
The
feedback
another
base
amplifier
46
of the
gate
potential
tapping
of
a
6V
a
supply
the
40 is connected
and is
the FET 56 will
increases,
which reduces
42,
passing
local
causes
is called
the maxi-
the transis-
it
can
not
occur.
as
breakdown
occurs
the base
the circuits
when
a high
Under these
reliable
being
or
of
the
of the transis-
of the transis-
48
potentiometer
potentiometer
1100 V.
power
built.
be
of the
depend
used.
mind that
varies with
ABC
sense
a potentio-
gate
to adjust
brightness
of the
path
base of the
ampli-
P-channel
voltage
44 via
potential
divider
connected
46 and
between
rail
provided
plate voltage
the
38,
In
the
voltage
which
over-
be
BUX
to
the
ABC
The
on
In
being
of
an
path
line
the
62
to
the
be
FET
a
a
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