This documentation and the accompanying software are copyrighted materials. Making unauthorized copies is prohibited
by law. No part of the software or documentation may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval
system or translated into any human or computer language without prior written permission of Wise Solutions, Inc. Wise
Solutions, Inc. asserts its “Moral Right” to be identified as the author of this work, in all jurisdictions which recognize the
“Moral Right.”
Unless otherwise provided by written agreement with Wise Solutions, Inc., this publication, and the software sold with
this publication, are provided “as is” without warranty of any kind either express or implied, including but not limited to
the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The entire risk arising out of the use or
performance of this publication and software remains with you. In no event will Wise Solutions, Inc., or any of its
suppliers, be liable for any lost profits, lost savings, direct, incidental or indirect damages or other economic or
consequential damages, even if Wise Solutions, Inc., or its suppliers, have been advised of the possibility of such
damages. Wise Solutions, Inc. reserves the right to modify this document at any time without obligation to notify
anyone. In no event shall Wise Solutions, Inc.’s or its suppliers’ liability under this agreement exceed the sum of any
amounts paid hereunder by the customer to Wise or the supplier.
Wise Solutions, Inc. owns a number of registered and unregistered Trademarks and Service Marks (the “Marks”). These
Marks are extremely valuable to Wise Solutions, Inc. and shall not be used by you, or any other person, without Wise
Solutions, Inc.’s express written permission. The Marks include, but are not necessarily limited to the following:
Application Isolation Wizard™; ApplicationWatch™; ConflictManager®; ExpressBuild™; Installation Development Life
Cycle™; InstallBuilder®; InstallMaker®; InstallManager®; InstallTailor™; MSI Debugger™; MSI Script™;
PackageManager™; Preflight Deployment™; SetupCapture®; SmartMonitor™; SmartPatch®; Software Distribution
Made Easy™; Software Installations Made Easy®; Visual MSIDiff™; Virtual Capture™; WebDeploy™; Wise Installation
System®; Wise Package Studio®; Wise Software Repository™; Wise Solutions®; WiseScript™; WiseScript Express™;
WiseUpdate®; WiseUser®; and the Wise Solutions logo.
In addition to Wise Solutions, Inc.’s Marks, some Wise Products may include Trademarks or Service Marks owned by
other corporations. These other Marks include, but are not necessarily limited to Microsoft® Windows® and Microsoft®
Visual Studio® .NET, which are registered Trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
You shall not use any of the Trademarks or Service Marks of Wise Solutions, Inc., Microsoft Corporation, or any other
entity, without the express written permission of such Trademark or Service Mark owner.
Wise for Windows Installer is an installation development system for creating and
editing Windows® Installer (.MSI) installation packages. It is a complete and userfriendly front end for generating Windows Installer database files, which are executed by
the Windows Installer engine. With Wise for Windows Installer, you can create
installations that are compliant with Microsoft’s Windows 2000 logo program. Use Wise
for Windows Installer to edit and refine installations that you’ve converted from other
formats, and use it to import development projects.
Through its Visual Studio integrated editor, Wise for Windows Installer offers a complete,
seamless integration of the entire installation authoring environment directly into the
Microsoft® Visual Studio® .NET development environment. This tight integration allows
for automatic synchronization of your development project with your installation, saving
you time and significantly improving the quality of your installations.
Microsoft® Windows® Installer is a Microsoft technology that provides a standard
installation engine that can be used for the installation of any 32-bit or 64-bit Windows
software product. It resides on the destination computer and performs the installation of
applications. Windows Installer technology provides developers with features not
currently available in traditional installation-building products.
Topics include:
! Documentation Roadmap.
! Getting Help and Product Support.
! How to Check Online Help.
! Getting Updates Over the Web.
14
Documentation Roadmap
The Wise for Windows Installer documentation assumes that you are proficient in the
use of the Windows operating system. If you need help using the operating system,
consult its user documentation.
Use the following sources of information to learn the product.
Online Help
The online help contains detailed technical information and step-by-step instructions for
performing common tasks. For details on using help, see Check Online Help on page 16.
Reference Manual
All the material in the online help is also available in .PDF-format reference manuals.
Reference manual .PDFs are provided for Wise for Windows Installer and WiseScript
Express. The Enterprise Edition also includes a Software Manager reference manual. To
access the .PDF reference manuals, select Help menu > Reference Manual from within
each product. (In Visual Studio: Help menu > Wise Help > Reference Manual.)
Getting Started Guide
The printed Getting Started Guide contains system requirements, installation
instructions, and a tutorial. To access a .PDF version of the Getting Started Guide, select
Help menu > Getting Started. (In Visual Studio: Help menu > Wise Help > Getting
Started.)
Documentation Roadmap
Windows Installer SDK Help
You can get technical details about Windows Installer from its own help system, which is
written by Microsoft for a developer audience. In Wise for Windows Installer, select Help
menu > Windows Installer SDK Help. (In Visual Studio: Help menu > Wise Help >
Windows Installer SDK Help. Windows Installer SDK help topics are also available within
the Visual Studio .NET help collection.)
Release Notes
A release notes document, in .HTM format, covers new features, enhancements, bug
fixes, and known issues for the current version of this product. It also contains links to
release notes for other versions. Access the release notes in the following ways:
! Browse the product CD.
! Select Help menu > Release Notes. (In Visual Studio: Help menu > Wise Help >
Release Notes.)
! If you are a registered user, visit http://support.wise.com to enter the Support
Center, and then click the Downloads link.
15
Getting Help and Product Support
Wise Solutions offers many resources to help you use our products. You can search the
product help or reference manual .PDF for answers, or you can use one of the many
support resources available to you as a registered Wise Solutions customer.
Check Online Help
You can access help in the following ways:
! To display context-sensitive help for the active page or dialog, press F1.
! To select a help topic from a table of contents, index, or search, select Help menu >
Help Topics. (In Visual Studio: Help menu > Wise Help > Help Topics.)
Select other commands from the Help menu to view the Windows Installer SDK Help, to
view the .PDF-format reference manual or getting started guide, to view Wise Solutions
resources on the Web, or to check for upgrades.
If you need help and cannot find the answer in the documentation, explore our technical
support options below.
Use the Wise Solutions Technical Support Center
Registered Wise Solutions customers can use the Technical Support Center, located at
www.wise.com/support.asp, to submit online support requests, register products,
manage customer information, download updates, or search the Knowledgebase. The
Knowledgebase contains how-to procedures, answers to common support questions,
and workarounds.
Getting Help and Product Support
Visit Our Newsgroups
Visit Wise Solutions Newsgroups at www.altiris.com/support/forum/default.asp.
Newsgroup postings by your peers contain answers, tips, analysis, and other comments.
Contribute your own expertise to help others.
Subscribe to TechInfo
TechInfo is a free e-mail newsletter that contains technical tips, product updates, and
other important technical information. To subscribe or to read back issues, visit
www.wise.com/techinfo.asp.
Ask Our Support Team
If you can’t find an answer in our online resources, you can obtain support by phone or
online at www.wise.com/support.asp. Wise Solutions offers flexible payment options to
meet your support needs. For additional details about our support services, visit
www.wise.com/supportoptions.asp or call 1-734-456-2600.
Before you contact technical support, obtain the following:
! Serial number and product version, which you can find by selecting Help menu >
About.
! Operating system version and service pack version if applicable.
! A description of what you do before the problem occurs.
! The text of any error messages that appear.
! Your name, company name, and how to contact you.
! Contract number or payment information, if applicable.
16
Getting Help and Product Support
Take Advantage of our Consulting and Training Services
When you have a challenging repackaging or installation problem, turn to Wise
Solutions. Our consultants can help with script writing, repackaging, installation
development, and other solutions that are fully customizable to fit your project and
budget. Visit www.wise.com/consulting.asp for details.
To upgrade your installation and packaging skills, consider Wise Solutions training. Our
certified instructors draw from practical experience to provide relevant course content.
Visit www.wise.com/training.asp for course descriptions and schedules.
Contact Wise Solutions Sales
Contact Wise Solutions’ Sales department to purchase additional products, upgrades,
support services, or consulting and training services.
U.S.: 1-800-554-8565
Europe/Netherlands: +31 70 392 72 20
Other International: 734-456-2100 (in U.S.)
Web Site: www.wise.com/ordercentermain.asp
17
Getting Updates Over the Web
You can get the latest version of Wise for Windows Installer using your active Internet
connection. Minor point releases (x.01, x.02, and so on) are generally free, while major
number releases generally incur an upgrade fee. Point releases generally contain
maintenance updates such as bug fixes and minor feature additions.
To check for updates:
1. Connect to the Internet.
2. In Wise for Windows Installer, select Help menu > Check for Updates.
A confirmation prompt appears, then you are connected to the Wise Solutions Web
site.
• If you have not registered this product, follow the screen prompts to create a
user account with Wise and register. You will need a valid product serial number.
After you complete the registration, enter the Wise Technical Support Center and
click the Downloads link.
• If you have registered this product, you are connected to the Downloads page.
3. Follow the instructions on the Web page to download the appropriate update.
Getting Updates Over the Web
Note
Wise for Windows Installer can remind you to check for updates. Select an option in the
Check for Updates drop-down list in Wise Options. This sets the frequency at which you will
be reminded to check for updates.
18
Chapter 2
Basics
Read this overview before creating your first installation. It contains information on
getting started with Wise for Windows Installer.
Topics include:
! Product Editions.
! About Visual Studio .NET Integration.
! Using Installation Expert.
! About the Product Home Page.
! Using the Task List.
! Where are Installation Resources Stored?
! Using the Enterprise Edition.
! Downloading Redistributable Files such as merge modules and Windows Installer and
.NET runtimes.
19
Product Editions
Wise for Windows Installer is available in 3 editions, each designed to fulfill the needs of
a particular type of user. The edition you purchase determines what features are
available to you.
! Enterprise Edition is a Windows Installer® and .NET installation authoring tool
supporting organizations that develop multiple applications that share common
resources. It helps professional developers create installations that adhere to their
organization’s standards, thereby decreasing the risk of deployment errors.
! Professional Edition is a Windows Installer® and .NET installation authoring tool for
professional software developers who want to create installations for the next
generation of applications, including desktop, server, Web, and mobile devices.
! Standard Edition is a Windows Installer® and .NET installation authoring tool for
professional software developers who want basic but robust support for creating
Windows Installer® and .NET installations.
The following table, which does not include all features, summarizes the differences
between each edition. If a feature is not listed, it is included in all product editions. For a
more comprehensive list of features, visit the Products section of the Wise Solutions
Web site (www.wise.com). For new features and enhancements in the current release,
see the Release Notes, available from the Help menu. (In Visual Studio: select Help
menu > Wise Help.)
Product Editions
FeatureStdProEnt
General
Specify the target platform for an installationXX
Create configurable merge modulesXX
Macro EditorXX
OLE AutomationXX
User-defined tasksX
Use merge modules from the Software Manager databaseX
Add meta data to the Software Manager databaseX
Enable the Logon Information dialog to configure server software after installation to run
under a particular user
Enable the SQL Connection dialog to generate a valid connection stringXX
Enable the Custom Property dialog to gather data from the end user during installationXX
ExpressBuild (distributed compiles)XX
Debugger for Windows InstallerXX
Package Contents ReportsX
WiseScript ExpressXXX
Wise Options
Repository optionsX
Sharing Installation Resources
Open an installation package from the Wise Software RepositoryX
XX
20
Product Editions
FeatureStdProEnt
Share installation resources in the share point directoryX
Distribute to the share point directoryX
View and use resources shared by other applicationsX
Shared Resource Reports in Wise for Windows InstallerX
Installation Expert Pages
.NET Framework Security pageXX
Clean Build pageXX
Mobile Devices pageXX
MTS/COM+ pageXX
SQL Server Scripts pageXX
Web Files page, ability to edit .XML filesXX
WebDeploy pageXX
WiseUpdate pageXX
Tools
Patch Creation and patch supportXXX
Software ManagerX
Upgrade SyncXXX
Package Validation
Turn individual rules on and offXX
Create a new validation module (.CUB file)X
Create new validation rulesX
21
About Visual Studio .NET Integration
You can use Wise for Windows Installer from within Visual Studio .NET. The Visual Studio
integrated editor lets you create all the same installation file types that you create in the
stand-alone Wise editor. The Wise editor and Visual Studio integrated editor are different
interfaces for the same product; they share the same preferences, recently-used file
lists, dialog templates, themes, and installation templates. (The Visual Studio integrated
editor was formerly sold separately as Wise for Visual Studio .NET.)
There are several differences between the Wise editor and the Visual Studio integrated
editor that are inherent in the Visual Studio .NET development environment.
Examples:
! In the Visual Studio integrated editor, you have different choices about how to start a
new project, and you can set source paths to update automatically according to
Visual Studio’s build configuration.
! In the Visual Studio integrated editor, installations synchronize automatically with the
other projects in the solution. Example: adding .EXEs, .DLLs, .OCXs, and assemblies
to the solution adds them to the installation.
! Installation meta data fields (examples: application name, version, manufacturer,
and default directory) are populated using data from the Visual Studio .NET solution.
When you double-click an installation file in Windows Explorer, you are prompted to
select which editor to open the file in. You can set an option on this dialog to always
open that file in a specific editor.
If you create an installation project in the Visual Studio integrated editor, and then
uninstall Microsoft Visual Studio .NET, you can continue working on the installation
project in the Wise editor. However, if you right-click a .WSI or .MSI, an option still exists
to edit in the Visual Studio integrated editor, which is no longer possible. Initiate a repair
on Wise for Windows Installer to remove options that have to do with the Visual Studio
integrated editor.
About Visual Studio .NET Integration
22
Using Installation Expert
To access Installation Expert, click Installation Expert at the lower left of the Wise for
Windows Installer main window.
Page Views
Using Installation Expert
Page Groups
Page Area
View Navigation
Testing and Distribution
Page Views
Use the Page Views drop-down list to select a page view, which is a set of Installation
Expert page groups and pages. See About Page Views on page 24 and Customizing Page
Views on page 25.
Page Groups
When you select a page view, its pages are organized into page groups. Click the group
name to expand or collapse its pages. Click a page name to display that page.
Page Area
When you click a page name in a page group, this area displays the page’s options. Each
page lets you define a specific aspect of the installation. (Examples: On the Files page,
you define what files are included in the installation. On the Registry page, you define
what registry keys and values are created on the destination computer.) Complete just
the pages that are pertinent to your particular installation, in any order. If required
information is missing, Wise for Windows Installer alerts you to the problem during
compile.
To display help for the current page, press F1. To return an Installation Expert page to
its last saved state, select Edit menu > Reset Page.
View Navigation
Click these tabs to change views. (In Visual Studio: these are buttons instead of tabs.)
23
Testing and Distribution
Compile, Test, Debug, and Run buttons test and compile the installation. The Distribute
button copies the installation package to various locations, such as an FTP site or
network directory. It also performs administrative installations. (In Visual Studio: These
buttons are not available, but the same functionality is available through menu
commands.)
About Page Views
A page view is a set of Installation Expert page groups and pages that you select from
the Page Views drop-down list. Select a page view to display only specific page groups
and pages. There are 3 types of page views:
! Predefined page views that display the groups and pages most frequently used for a
particular type of installation. The All page view displays all page groups and pages.
The Merge Module page view appears for all merge modules. You cannot edit or
delete predefined page views.
! Custom page views that you create to meet your specific needs. See Customizing
Page Views on page 25.
! Page views that are created when you create an installation template. You cannot
delete these page views. See Creating and Editing Installation Templates on
page 60.
The page views are arranged alphabetically in the Page Views drop-down list with the
exception of the All page view, which is always first. The list also includes <New View...> and <Customize Page Views...>, which are at the end of the list and are
used to create or customize page views.
Using Installation Expert
Predefined Templates and Page Views
Most predefined installation templates have an associated page view. When you create a
new installation by using one of these templates, the page view that is associated with
that template becomes the default page view of the installation. When you open the
installation, this page view appears in the Page Views drop-down list. You can select a
different page view from the list at any time (with the exception of the Merge Module
page view, which can only be used with merge modules). When you select a different
page view, it changes the pages displayed in Installation Expert but does not change the
installation type. If you change the page view and save the installation, this new page
view displays the next time you open the installation, unless you clear the Display the page view associated with a project when a project is opened checkbox in Wise
Options.
Custom Templates and Page Views
When you create an installation template, a page view is created with the same name
and is listed in the Page Views drop-down list. For details on creating custom
templates, see Creating and Editing Installation Templates on page 60. However, when
you use a template to create an installation, the default page view is the page view that
was displayed when the template was created. If the template’s default page view is a
custom page view, you can customize it. See Customizing Page Views on page 25.
(Enterprise Edition only.) You can share page views that are associated with an
installation template because the page view is stored in the template, which is located in
the share point directory.
24
Which Page View Appears?
! The Display the page view associated with a project when a project is
opened checkbox in Wise Options determines what page view appears. If you clear
this checkbox, the page view in Installation Expert does not change when you open a
project regardless of its associated page view. See Setting Installation Expert
Options on page 51.
! The All page view is used when you open an installation file that does not have an
associated page view. An .MSI does not have an associated page view.
Customizing Page Views
You can create customized Installation Expert page views that display only the page
groups and pages that you use most often. You can customize the page view of custom
installation templates or create customized page views that are not associated with a
template. You cannot customize the predefined page views, but you can make a copy of
a predefined page view and then customize it.
When you customize a page view, you can specify how many page groups appear, what
the group names are, and what pages appear under each group.
Using Installation Expert
Buttons to edit page groups
and pages are disabled
when a predefined page
view is selected in Page View Name.
These pages appear under
the group selected in Page Groups.
The page groups appear on
the left side of Installation
Expert.
To create a page view:
1. From the Page Views drop-down list in Installation Expert, select <New View...>.
The Enter Name dialog appears.
2. Enter a name for the page view.
To create an access key for the name, type & before a letter in the name. The page
view access keys appear only in the page group’s right-click menu accessed by
using the context menu key (the key next to the right Ctrl key).
3. Click OK.
On the Customized Page Views dialog, the new page view is selected in Page View Name, but it has no page groups or page names.
4. To copy the page groups and pages of an existing page view:
• Click Copy View. The Copy View dialog appears.
• Select the page view to copy and click OK.
25
You can now customize the page view by changing its page groups and pages.
To customize a page view:
1. From the Page Views drop-down list in Installation Expert, select <Customize
Page Views...>.
The Customize Page Views dialog appears.
2. Select the page view from Page View Name, and do any of the following:
• To add a new page group, click the Page Groups Add button and enter a name.
• To rename a page group, select the page group and click Rename.
• To add a page to a page group, select the page group and click the Add button to
the right of Page Names. In the Select Pages to Add dialog, select one or more
pages and click OK.
• To delete a page group or a page name, select it and click its Delete button.
3. Click OK on the Customize Page Views dialog.
To delete a page view, select it from Page View Name and click the top Delete button.
Using the Current Feature Drop-Down List
The Current Feature drop-down list appears on pages in the Feature Details page
group. When it appears, you can set options on a per-feature or per-condition basis. You
add features and conditions on the Features page, then select a feature from Current Feature before setting options on other pages.
Using Installation Expert
Example: Suppose you have 3 features, and each feature requires different registry
entries. On the Registry page, you select the first feature from Current Feature, create
its registry entries, select the second feature in the list, create its registry entries, and
so on. Follow the same steps on the Files or Web Files page: select a feature from
Current Feature, then add files for that feature.
During installation, files, registry entries, and other system changes are installed only if
the feature they belong to is installed. The same applies to conditions; add files, registry
entries, and other changes to a condition, and during installation, those files and
registry entries are installed only if the condition is true and the feature is installed.
The All Features (Modify/Delete only) option in Current Feature displays
information for all features at once. (Example: On the Files page this option displays all
folders and files for all features.) Add and New buttons are disabled while all features
are displayed; you must select a single feature to add items.
On some pages, Current Feature also contains numbers in parentheses, which
represents the number of that page’s items (files or registry keys) that are assigned to
each feature or condition.
26
Using the Current Release Drop-Down List
The Current Release drop-down list appears on pages in the Release Definition page
group.
A release is a special version of your application. Example: a 30-day evaluation release
for evaluators. Use Current Release to configure separate settings, media, and
language options for each release.
Using Installation Expert
27
About the Product Home Page
The Product Home page provides information about your installation of Wise for
Windows Installer, quick access to areas of the current installation, and access to Wise
Solutions resources on the Web.
The Product Home page appears by default when you start Wise for Windows Installer.
To prevent the Home page from appearing by default, clear Display Home page at startup on Wise Options > General tab. To go to the Product Home page, click Home at
the lower left of the Wise for Windows Installer main window.
Two Product Home pages are available:
! A static page that is installed with Wise for Windows Installer. This appears if you do
not have an Internet connection, or if you disable the dynamic Home page.
! A dynamic page that is downloaded from the Wise Solutions Web site if you are
connected to the Internet when you start Wise for Windows Installer. To prevent a
dynamic page from being downloaded from the Internet, mark Don’t get Home page from Internet on Wise Options > General tab.
The contents of the page vary depending on the edition of Wise for Windows Installer
that you are using. Typical contents are:
! List of most recently used installation files.
! Shortcut links for creating a new installation project or opening an existing one.
About the Product Home Page
28
Using the Task List
When Wise for Windows Installer encounters installation issues that could cause
problems, it displays them in the Task List. You can manually display or hide the Task
List from the View menu.
The Task List gathers all installation issues into one place, and makes it easy to analyze
their causes. If the issue is caused by an error in a table, you can quickly jump from the
Task List to the row in the table that caused the error. See Finding Table Errors From the
Task List on page 30.
When you resolve the issue that corresponds to a task, the task is deleted the next time
you run the procedure that generated the task. Example: If a task was added to the
Task List because of a compile error and you resolve that error, the next time you
compile the installation that task is removed from the list.
How Tasks are Added to the Task List
! Save or Compile
If errors occur when you save or compile the installation, the errors are displayed in
the Task List.
! Package Validation
When you run Package Validation, validation issues appear in the View / Correct
dialog. If you mark the Add to Task List checkbox on the View / Correct dialog,
each issue becomes a task in the Task List when you click Finish. If Package
Validation encounters save or compile errors, the package validation process ends
and the errors are added to the Task List. See Package Validation on page 370.
! Check Tables
When you check tables, the installation is searched for component and table errors
and results are placed in the Task List. To check tables, select Setup Editor > Tables
tab, right-click in the left pane and select Check Tables. See Finding Validation Errors
on page 400.
! User-Defined
In the Enterprise Edition, you can add user-defined tasks to the task list. See Adding
User-Defined Tasks on page 31. (Not available in the Visual Studio integrated editor.)
! Meta Data
In the Enterprise Edition, when you create an .MSI or .WSI, a task is added to
remind you to add the package meta data to the Software Manager database by
filling in the Application and Package fields on the Product Details page.
Using the Task List
Note
When you close an installation, all tasks, except user-defined tasks, are removed from the
Task List. (In the Visual Studio integrated editor, user-defined tasks are not available.)
Task List Icons
The following icons help you quickly identify the types of tasks:
An error that will cause incorrect behavior and must be fixed.
29
Operations You Can Perform in the Task List
! Filter tasks by type. See Filtering the Task List.
! Find table errors. See Finding Table Errors From the Task List on page 30.
! Sort a Task List’s column by clicking its header.
! Copy a task’s description by right-clicking its description.
! Delete a task by right-clicking its description.
Filtering the Task List
1. Right-click in the Task List and select Show Tasks, then select a filter. (In Visual
Studio: right-click in the Visual Studio .NET Task List and select Show Tasks.)
• Save/Compile
(In Visual Studio: this is called Build Errors.) Tasks that correspond to errors
generated when you save or compile.
•Validation
Tasks that correspond to issues generated during Package Validation.
• Component
Tasks that correspond to component errors generated when you check tables.
For information on how to check tables, see Using the Task List on page 29.
•Table
Tasks that correspond to table validation errors generated when you check
tables. For information on how to check tables, see Using the Task List on
page 29.
•User-Defined
Tasks that you have created. (Enterprise Edition only).
When you set a filter, it is in effect until you change it. However, when you encounter
installation issues, the filter is reset to All so installation issues can be displayed.
Using the Task List
Validation issues found by Package Validation. See Validating a
Package on page 370.
A task you created. In the Enterprise Edition, this icon also appears
with a task that reminds you to add the package meta data to the
Software Manager database.
Finding Table Errors From the Task List
If a task is associated with a table, you can access that table directly from the Task List,
which helps you discover the problem that caused the issue.
Example: If a source file for the installation was moved or deleted at its source, a
WiseSourcePath table error appears during compile. When you double-click this task,
the WiseSourcePath table appears in Setup Editor, and the row in the table that is the
cause of the problem is highlighted. Use the source path information in the row to
ascertain and resolve the problem.
30
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