Wavetek 157 Service manual

INSTRUCTION

MANUAL

9045

BALBOA

AVENUE

SAN

DIEGO,

.

CALIFORNIA

N

Y

All

Wavetek

of

one
component
Wavetek'sobligation

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to the

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Parts

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Section1GENERAL

DESCRIPTION

ScopeofManual
ScopeofEquipment
ModesofOperation
Remote
Functional

Specifications.. . . .

Section2OPERATING

Installation

Inspection
Manual
Programming

Section3CIRCUIT

Introduction
Program
Basic

Generator

Low-Frequency

Sine

Conversion

"tone

Burst

Power

Supply

.

Control

Operation

Selection

Operation

Descriptions..

INSTRUCTIONS

.

. .

. ... ...

. . . .

DESCRIPTION

. . . . ... ... . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . ... .

. ... . . . ... ... . . . ... . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . .

Generator

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Generation

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1-1
1-2
1-2

1-3

2-1
2-1

.

2-4
2-5

3-1
3-1
3-3
3-6
3-7
3-7
3-9

Section4MAINTENANCE

Introduction
Recommended
Checkout

Troubleshooting

ReplacementofCircuit
Replacement

Section5DATAPACKAGE

Introduction
Arrangement
ListofManufacturers

and

. . . . ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... . ... . . . . .

Test

Equipment

Calibration

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . ... .4.4

Boards

Rotary

of

. . . . . . . . . ... . . . ... ... ... . ... ... . ... . .

.

Switches,

. . . . . . . . . . . ... ... . . . . . . . ... ... . .

. . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . .

..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . .

. . . . . ... ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . ... . . ... . . . . ... ... . . . . ... .

Dials,orDecimal

Lamps

.

. ... . . . . . . . ... . . . .

. . .

4-1
4-1
4-1

4-5

4-6

5-1

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5-1
5-1

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SECTION

I

I

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SCOPE

This
and
Synthesizer.Sections1through 5

information

Difference
from

SCOPE

The
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SPECIFICATIONS

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.

kHz

kHz

MHz

kHz

MHz

.

.

mV)

.1

.1

mV)

.

about

be 0V±0

than0.1dbto

.

ground

±1%offull

.5%

of

100

output

Wave

Square

Less

than

ISOLATION

100

Rise

nsec

and

.

Fall

Time

Configuration

True
Note:-2

False

Note

Logic"1" _

or

volts

or

Logic

Open

:

C

sinks

"0"

circuit

to

-10

--1

volt

volts

.

---2

volts

approximately1.5mA.

= 0

voltage

to

volt

approximately

.

+0.7volts

.

signal

Output
Caution

at

raised

ENVIRONMENTAL

Temperature
Specifications

Operating temperature

REMOTE

ConfigurationA(Standard)
TrueorLogic"1" =0volt

0

Note

:

FalseorLogic

Note:Open

Configuration
TrueorLogic"1"=0

:0volt

Note

FalseorLogic

:

Open

Note

can be
mustbetaken
potential

applyat25°C

CONTROL

volt

sinks

"0"=+2

circuit

B

sinks

"0"=--2

circuit

raised

as

.

range

SPECIFICATIONS

approximately

volts

voltage

volt

approximately

volts

voltage

above

ground up

all

exposed

±5"C

.

0°Cto50°C

±1

volt

.

1.5mA

-

.F

to

10

volts

is

approximately -Q

±1

volt

.

1.5mA

--10

to

approximately-2volts

is

BNC

.

.

volts

connectors

.

.

.

to

volts

250V.

are

.

.

Configuration
TrueorLogic

Note:+2

FalseorLogic

Note:Open

Program

1

MECHANICAL

Weight
24

Power
105
Hz
50

volts

Transition

msec

.

lb,34Ib

Vac

to

.

wattsofpower

Precision
of

selected

D
"'I"

_ +2

sinks

approximately

"0"=0

circuit

voltage

Time

shipping

125

.

Vacor210

required

specifications

range

voltsto+10

volt to +1

approximately-0.7

.

NO

.

volts

1.5mA

volt

Vacto250

TE

over

apply

.

.

.

Vac,50Hz

10%to100%

volts

.

to

400





SECTION

INSTALLATION

Conversion

The
transformer
otherwise
230-volt

conversion

Board)inthe

should

(Refer to
information

Rack Mounting

The
ordered

when

mounting
adapters,
follows

1.Remove
left

respectively

2.Install
Chassis
supplied
previously

3.Secure
standard

INSPECTION

The
the

user

proper operating
checkout
miningifthe

Visual

After
the

external parts

for

230-Volt

Model

157isshipped

connected

specified.To

operation,

switch

230

be replaced

ReplacementofCircuit

on removing the

Model

157isequipped

for

bench

ordered

:

and

following

Inspection

carefully

for

ofabench

Wavetek

the

right

.

one

rack

Assembly

with

occupied

the

Model

rack

procedures

that

the

instructions

instrumentiswithin

unpacking

Line

Power

from

the

factory

for

115-volt

convert

remove

(locatedonthe undersideofthe

position.The

witha1

use

useina

modelisdesired,

partNo.

flathead

six

side

railstothe

mount

with

the

adapters, using

by the

157inthe

mounting

instrument

condition.Complete

are

for

damage

the

the

bottom

/2-ampere

bottom

with four

and

with

standard

210-367,

machine

adapteroneach

the

flathead

hardware

shouldbeperformed

arrived

has

providedinSection4for

the

instrument,

to

line

transformer

cover

1-ampere

fuse

after

BoardsinSection4for

cover

.)

rubber

rail-attaching

19-inch

two

can

screws

left

and

six

roundhead

the

screws

desired

rack

.

at

its

calibration

electrical

knobs,

dials,

with

the

power

power,

fuse

that

right

tapped

.

position

destination

specifications

visually

unless

primary

and

place

Mother

(rear

panel)

conversion

feet

when

hardware

rack.If

rack

mount

be

used

retain

handles,

sideofthe

screws

holes

with

to assure

deter-

inspect

indicators,

rack

and

for

the

the

in

as

surface
the

Operating

The

.

checkoutofinstrument
exist,
following

for
and

y1. .

10.Depress

.

11.Depress

12.Step

areas,

carrier

RefertoInstallation

230-volt

procedural

refertothe

performing

Figure

Name

Oscilloscope

Depress

2.Connect
50Q

3.Depress

4.Depress

5.Set

FREQUENCY

6.Set

TERMINATED

V

.

7.Observe
correctnessofthe

8.Depress
outputis+5

9.Press
put

shouldgoto

to+5Vdc

CAUSEARCH
clockwisetomaximum

should respondtofrequency

100

Hz

indicated

from

100Hzincrements

TI

etc.If

damageisdiscovered,

who

transported

Inspection

line

power

stepsinthis

Warrantyinthe

test

equipment,orequivalent,isrecommended
the

electrical

2-1

for operating

POWER

OUTPUT

AUTOCAL

oscilloscope

the

SINGLE

the

to

the

and ",,in

waveform

the

10 through1.

pushbutton

oscilloscope

connector

pushbutton

'

-

L

signal

TRIG

Vdc

.

CYCLE

---5

each

time the

SEARCH

control

more

than

AUTO

most-significant-decade

INSTRUCTIONS

the

instrument

NOTE

paragraph

instructions

paragraph

operation.If

frontofthe

inspection.(RefertoTable

control

Manufacturer
Tektronix

_m.._

.

through

.

pushbutton

.

dials

for

1000

P-P

AMPLITUDE

displaytodetermine

output

pushbutton

pushbutton

Vdc

for0.5

pushbuttonispressed

pushbutton and

from

clockwise

1

kHz

over

CAL

pushbutton.Depress

.

Output

turn

.

Output

from1kHzto100Hz.

should

.

for

115-volt or

.

electrical

descriptions

50-ohm

.

.00Hz.

for

Steps

and

observe

several

milliseconds

maximum

positions.Output

control

the

control

should

FREQUENCY

change

fileaclaim

provideaquick

manual.The

terminator

dials

8 through 16

rotate

from

respond

frequency

with

deficiencies

2-1

.)

Model
454

to

for10.00

the

general

that

the

times.Out-

and back

.

MAN

the

counter-

less

than

range

.

the

with

dial

in

.





2-1

CONT

Table

2-1

Name

CONTROLS

POWER

MAN

AUTO

TRIG

SEARCH

REMOTE

REMOTE

SINGLE

pushbutton

pushbutton

CAL

CAL

pushbutton*

pushbutton*

pushbutton*

pushbutton

'1,
'",,

pushbutton**

r\,

pushbutton

pushbutton

CYCLE

pushbutton

pushbutton

FIR

FOUFNCY

dials

Most-Significant

Next

Four

Decades

Dial

Range

CONDENSED

.

**

**

**

Decade

OPERATING

Description

Applies
depressed

*

Closes frequency-error
that
trol
to
for
engage,

leased)

*

Closes

power

.

CAL/SEARCH

MAN

nullmeter

and
calibrate
VCG

frequency

operation

opens

.

frequency-error

fixed-frequency

frequency-error

Opens
enables
operation

Opens
that

trol
selected
connects
trol

-

I"ransfers
and
connector

Selects
Selects
Selects

Transfers

trigger circuit

.

frequency-error

MAN

CAL/SEARCH

can

be

frequency

digital

.

automatic

trigger

control

.

square-wave
triangle-wave

sine-wave

function

remote connector
Provides

lected
pushbutton
mentary

Programs
selection

Numbered

through 10

one-cycle

output

is

engage)

decimal

.

decimally

with

remote-control

logical

"0"ifnot

grammed

Numbered

through 9

.

decimally

with

remote-control

logical

"0"ifnot

grammed

Lettered

tion),

mHz

.

from

(three
(three positions),
(three

remote

positions,

.

DATA

unit

to

when

loop

can be

output

(momentary

when

loop

loop

operation

.

loop

for

pulsed

loop

to

range

sweep
.

used

frequency

calibration

remote

to

output

.

output

.

output

.

control

.

of

the

when

the

TRIG

depressed

(mo-

.

Frequency

from

R

being

transfer,

or

remotely

from

R

being

transfer,ora

remotely

PHz

(one

posi-

positions),

through

and

R

so
con­used

re-

for

and

so
con-

Dis-

con-

to

se-

the

pro-

the

pro-

Hz

kHz

for

Table

Name
TERMINATED

AMPLITUDE

dials

Most-Significant

P-P

Decade

Description
Programs

selection
Numbered

10

-control
if

not

Next

Two

Decades

Numbered
through
remote-control
logical
grammed

Range

Dial

Lettered
tions)
for

INDICATORS

Nullmeter

Operates
MAN
button
Calibration

FREQUENCY

lamps

point

clecimal-

Illuminate

decimal

of
operation--pilot

range

TERMINATED
AMPLITUDE

P-P

Illuminate
of

decimal

tion--pilot

dialisinRposition

CONNECTORS

OUTPUT

502

ANCE

AMPLITUDE

CALIBRATED
5052

LOAD

VCG

IN

IMPED-

INTO

Output
amplitude

Analog
modulationofprogrammed
quency

1

TRIG

IN

Input

burstsofdesired

a

SYNC

IN

Input

frequency

SYNC

0

OUT

REMOTE

Output
device

Input
logic

remote

:

NOTE

Pushbutton

linked.Depressing
depressed

pushbuttoninthe

switches

any oneina

same

marked*or**are

set

set

.

decimal

.

decimally

with

R

transfer,

remotely

9

"0"ifnot

.

from
V

to

.

remote

in

CAL

during

and

.

to

point

dialisin

to
during

for

waveform

input

.

for

pulsetoproduce

for

synchronizing

with

for

sychronizing

with

synthesizer

for

level

source

releases

.

amplitude

1

through
the
a

logical

remote-

being

or

programmed

decimally

with

R

from

being

transfer,

remotely

mV

(three

(one

position)

and

conjunction

and

SEARCH

Checkout

during
light

position

manual

only

position

manual

only

.

position

opera-

if

indicate

R

indicate

light

.

selected

function/

.

for

frequency

duration

.

output

external

signal

external

.

contact-closure

programming

.

mechanically

any

other

previously

"0"

.

the

or

pro-

posi-

with

push-

and

range

fre-

tone

or

from

0

a

R

if

.

2-2

2-1.Operating

View

controls,

View

indicators,

and

connectors

Front

Figure

Rear

.

2-3



INTRODUCTION

This

section
user
Programmable

Section5graphically
the

Model
theoretical
references
schematic
used
complicated
six

discussional

1.Programming

2.The

3.The

4.Sine

5.Tone-burst

6.Power-supply

presents

in

understanding

Waveform

157 and

discussion.In

are

diagramsinSection5and

in

this

100

Hz

100

pHzto100Hzgeneration

conversion

should

made

sectiontosupplement

circuits.The

parts

the

various

1

MHz

to

.

generation

characteristics

theoryofoperationasan

and

maintaining

Synthesizer.The

illustrates

throi--ighout

theoryinSection3is

:

generation

.

the

functional

be referenced

addition to

the

text to

simplified

generator

characteristics

.

.

.

when

the

the

the

block

block

specific

diagrams

text

divided

aidtothe

Model

diagram

features

reading

diagram,

board

for

more

.

157

in

of

the

are

into

MAN

CAI_

switching

across

the

error

VCG

first

may

cll3

:,trc-i

SEARCH

inverter
the
disconnected
enables
singie
SEARCH

TRIG

Board
ofK6closes,
the generator

(Refer
additional

amplifier

be

accurately

priortoanAqg

switching

output and^the

first

VCG

the

frequency

control

switching
which

the

to

details

cul

(momentary)

amplifier

amplifier.Also,

from

VCG

to

range

.

turnsondriverQ8on the VCG/Integrator

energizes

causing

subsequently

descriptionoftone-burst generation

.)

input

set

control

connects

rnanual

the

first

swewp

%vith

relayK6.

emitter

output and

so that

with

the

operation

the

calibration/search

the

VCG

the

one

The

followerQ9to turn

enters

CRIPTI

connects

output

the

the generator

MART

CAL/SEARCH

.

nullmeter

error

amplifier

amplifier

generator

basic

turn of

the

normally-open

the standby

the

frequency

between

input,

MAN

condition

nullmeter

into

the

the

input

to

output

which

over

any

CAL/

contact

off,

and

for

is

.

PROGRAM

Generator

The

generator-mode

the

block

Assembly
Board

the generator

functions occur

REMOTE
voltage inputtothe
controloferror
connector
canbeprogrammed

AUTO
voltage

error
generator

SELECTION

Mode

Selection

diagram

schematic

schematic

switching

pin

CAL

input

amplifier

operatesinclosed-loop

and

diagram.When

mode

.

amplifier

so that

.

switching

to the

outputtothis

selection

diagram

rowisdepressed,

either

first

circuitisgraphically

detailedonsheet1of

and

also

one

of the pushbuttons

disables

first

disconnects

the

MAN

VCG

amplifier

output

closed-looporopen-loop

VCG

relayK5toaremote

the

amplifier

amplifier

.

shown

the

Chassis

the VCG/Integrator

the

MAN

and

so that

following

CAL/SEARCH

CAL/SEARCH

and

transfers

connects

the

circuit

mode

basic

the

in

in

Function

The
the
Assembly
schematic
is

depressed,

REMOTE
pushbuttons
nectortothe
Function

`Lswitching

to

Board

^

vswitching

to

Board

ti

to
Board

Selection

function-mode

block

diagram

diagram.Whenaspecific

switching

Board

provide

.

provide

.

switching

provide

.

selection

and

schematic

the following

disconnects

and

connects

sine,

square,

.

energizes

the square

energizes

the

triangle

energizes

the

sine

circuitisgraphically

detailedonsheet1of

diagram

waveform

waveformtothe

waveform

and

the

pushbutton

circuit

functions

the

front-panel

the

pins

on the

and

triangle

relay

K3 on

relay

K2 on

relayK1on the Function Board

to

to

relay

the

the

the

the

the

Function

occur

remote

driversonthe

Function

Output

Function

Output

Output

shown

Chassis

Board

this

row

in

:

function

con-

Board

Amplifier

Board

Amplifier

Amplifier

in

Frequency

The
diagram

fifth-decade
switch,
shown
diagram;the

digital-to-analog

Board

the

Selection

frequency-selection

as

the

driver/ladder,

and

the

range

on

sheet1of

first

converter

schematic

frequency

diagram;the

DAC
matic diagram;the
the

VCG/Integrator

diagram

number

from

diode

binary

frequency-range
schematic

Frequency
converted
proportionaltothe
shown
The
a

simplified
decades..

on

the

BCD

code,

binary

weightof2°.

DACs

have an unmodified

diagramofa

-all

Error

in

others

Driver01isbiased

circuitisshown

first-decade

driver/ladder

the

range

matrix.The

the

Chassis

Assembly

and second decade

(DAC)

third

in

the

Crystal

range

capacitor/relay

Board

schematic

matrixonthe

.

of

selection

logic

BCD

Amplifier

this

case,ismodifiedbya

the

to an

coding by the

Board schematic diagram

Allofthe

BCD

single

binary

function

off by

similarly

the

+6-voltdoconnection

in

capacitors,

digital

switch

Board

of the frequency

in

the

Error

through

fifth

One-Shot

switching

diagram;and

Matrix

Range

first

decade

analog

voltage

first

"1

frequency decade

other

input.Figure

for

input

.

the

block

through the

the

range

details

are

schematic

Amplifier

of

decade

Board

sche-

circuit

the

Board

switch

that

*"

that

3-1

DAC

has

is

decade

oneofthe

and

in

is
is

K1isinits

relay
across

the

summing
Whenalogical
driveristurnedonand

12

volts

the

summing
network
R6represent
DAC.Similarly,

circuits
tionofresistance

provide
proportionaltothe

'The

frequency
binary
showninthe

BCD

coding

.

or

remote
shown
shows

the

a

the

resulting

RelaysK4through
fast-slow
the

Range

normally-open

R1andRz

acrossR1

associated

with

and

zero

nodes

"1"

nodes

all

relays

the

of

appears

the

R3and

and

ResistancesR1

.

with

the01

the

other

of

KZandK3

relayisenergized.This

driver/relay stages.Thus

can be

an

analog

current

selected

range

selector

logictorelay-closure

Range

Matrix

from

programming,

at

the

correlation

relay

switching

Matrix

right

FREQUENCY

the

is

of

the

between

closures

K6 on

.

the

function.Relays

Board

are

state,

resultinginzero

contributiontothe

inverter

at

and

error

the

binary

input

the

correct contribution

andR3

driver,

butR2,R4,

resistanceinthe

represent

achieved

input

frequency

output

functions

schematic

decoded

schematic

these

Function

their

any

parallel

programming

by

to

the

.

is

converted

by

the

diagram.The

range

selector

into

decimal

diagram.Table

decimal

Board

K5, K6,

paralled

by

relays

current

amplifiers

to

Q1,

connects

represent

R5,
frequency
associated

combina-

VCG

diode

numbers

perform

K7,

andK8on

K4, K3, K2,

volts

in

the

to

the

and

to

that

is

from

matrix

8421

switch,

format

3-1

and

the

.

3-2

BINARY

-24V

INPUT

Figure

3-1.Frequency

Selection,

Simplified

Diagram

Table

3-1.FREQUENCY

RANGE

CODING

Table

3-2.ATTENUATOR

RANGE

CODING

Board
Desig

A11
A11
A11
A11
A11
A11
A11

A11
A10
A10
A10

A10
A9

and
switch

range.(Refertodescription
tional

provide
connect
frequency
(Josed-loop

generator for

The
the

proper
shown
diagram

Amplitude

The
diagramasthe

The

Chassis

the amplitude
schematic
on

sheet2of

The

frequency-number

The

Output
anda40-db
switched

binary
code

Relay

Desig

K1
K2

K3
K4
K5

K6
K7
K8
K4
K3
K2

K1 0 0
K4-6 0

K1

on the VCG/Integrator

the

in

details.)The

circuit

to

the

generator.(Refertothe

additional

frequency

decimal-place

on

sheet1of

.

Selection

amplitude-selection

digital

amplitude-number

amplitude-range

expandedtolist

switch

Assembly

diagram;and

the

Attenuator

into

program.Table

1
0
0 0
0
1
0 0
0 0
0 0
1
0 0

0 0

correct

relays

switching for the

crystal

basic

generator

range

selector

signal

attenuator

details

schematic

attenuationonthe

Chassis

DAC

selection

Board,

attenuator,

the

pathofthe output

associated

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1

0 0

1 1

1 1

0 0 0

capacitance

on the

one-shot

details

indication
the

circuitisshown

the range/attenuation
Assembly

selection circuitryissimilartothe

circuit

3-2isa

Digital

.-.. .

0 0

1

0 0
0 0
0 0

0 0
0 0

0 0

of

.)

(SW6)

Chassis

are

shown

diagram;the

previously

circuit,
consistsofa 20-db
eitherorboth

circuit

Program

.3

.-4

._-5

0

0 0
0 0
1
1

1

Board,

and

and

truth

0 0

1 1

0

0

1

0 0

0

1

0 0

0

0

0

1

0

0

1
0 0
0 0

respectively,

for

the

basic

generator

Range

Matrix

divider

circuit

Output

andtothe

descriptions of

the

also

applies

lamp

(L1,

Assembly

the

range

on

sheet1of the

three

Amplifier

schematic

described

contained

waveform

tableofthe binary

functions

0

0

0
0
0

flip-flops

low-frequency

diagram

of

67

0
0
0

1

0

1

0
0

1

0

1

0
0 0

1 1

programmed

for

Board

power

L2,orL3)

schematic

in

the

attenuator

decades of

circuit

.

on the
attenuator
which

by

.

.8_

. .._.

0
0

0 0
0 0

0 0

1
0
0 0
0

1

1

which

addi-

also
that

low-

the

block

Board

(A5)

.

are

the

to
as

9

0
0
0

0

1

0
0

1
1

A5-6 A5-7

0

1

0

1 1

NOTE:X

------

BASIC

The
and

integrator,

duces both

MHz

1

operation,
frequency-converter
connected
the

input

Open-Loop

When

integrator
thatisequaltooneofthe threshold
switch.The

regeneration

If

the

the diode

integrator(DZinFigure
connecting
switch(D3).

the

frequency

nodetothe

.

the
output
reverses
diodeD3topermit
amplifier

precisely
first
equalinvalue,
produced by the

I"he

negative
integrator

again

The
equal

0
0

1

denotes

-----------

GENERATOR

basic

generatorisshowninblock

second

and

triangle

range

the

between

of

power

causes

bistable

connecting

triangleisformedatthe

level

statetoprovideapositive

into
twice

VCG

amplifier

net

current

slopeofthe

output

reverses

output

in

value,

attenuatorincircuit

voltage-controlled

hysteresis

the

and

in

open-loop

divide-by-ten

circuit,

the

first

the

Operation

switch

proceedsinthe following

the

first

voltagesofthe

VCG

applied,

is

this

devicetoproduce

assumes

output of the

second

this

With

program

VCG

reaches+2.5

currenttoflow

the

integrator

the

valueofthe

;

therefore,

butinthe

negative

causes

reaches

states

and

but

oppositeinpolarity,

Range

(max) 20-db 40-db

10

mV

100

mV

1000

mV

10V

generator

switch.This

square

waveforms

operation.For

stages,

and

outputofthe

.

high-gain

the

one

hysteresis

the second

3-2)iszero biasedbythe

VCG

amplifiertothe

condition,

flows

from

amplifier

opposite

triangleatits

---2

the

and

integrator

volts,

summing

current

a

outputofthe

the

integrator

.5 volts,

cycleisrepeated

two

VCG

X X

X

.

diagramasthe

amplifiers,

generator

over

the

one-shot

the

error

hysteresis

characteristicofthe

an output

levels

of the

of

its

binary

manner

switch

VCG

amplifier

current

the

output.This

net

direction,

proportional

integrator

the

positive

output.When

the

hysteresis

from

the

node.This

flowing

current

hysteresis

to produce

output.When

the

hysteresis

.

amplifiers

a

100Hzto

closed-loop

stage,

amplifier

switch

voltage

hysteresis

states

.

negative,

is

to

hysteresis

summing

slope

switch

zero

second

current

into

flows

that

the

current

to

switch

switch

are

always

and

directly

X

first

the

pro-

the

are

and

and

the

diode

to

of

the

biases

VCG

is

the

is

.
the
the

3-3

Figure

3-2

.

Open-Loop

Operation,

Simplified

Diagram

the

proportional

Ifanexternal

voltage

the
change

cation or

On

the VCG/Integrator

levelsatthe

proportionally,

modulation

amplifieristhe
the

Q3/IC3

integrator,
Function
mentary

022/Q23/Q24

stage

028/029

the

the

Board

Schmitt

Q25/Q26/Q27

are

other
square-wave
switching

voltage

Closed-Loop

Frequency

accuracyof0

frequency

to

voltageisappliedtothe

thereby

.

Q1/IC1

the

;

Q14/IC4

diode

stage

schematic

trigger

form

one

form

one

halfofthe

.

The

half

outputofthe

.

Operation

nectinganerror-sensing
the

basic

generator.With

CAL

pushbutton

depressed,
amplifierisconnected
amplifier
diagram

The
divide-by-ten

through

.

error-sensing

stages;the

the

circuit

program

.

VCG

the

outputs

providing

schematic

stage;the

switch,

stage.The

diagram,

coupledtoa

halfofthe

the

bistable

VCG

of

diagram,

second

the

hysteresis

consists

bistable

Schmitt

other

switch

frequency

IC2

half.Similarly,

single-ended1volt

bistable

.01

circuit

either

to

relay

switchisthe

percentisobtainedbycon-

a

feedback

into

AUTO

the

the

output

the

inputofthe

closure

shown

consistsofthe

the

one-shot

stage

pulse-repetition

;

IN

connector,

amplifiers

modifi-

first

the

VCG

VCG

amplifier,
stage;and
switch,onthe

a

comple-

of

switch.Stage

trigger,

and

Q30/Q31

peak-to-peak

VCG

diode

loop

around

CAL

or

MAN

of

the

error

first

VCG

in

the

block

three

cascaded

will

the

and

frequency

(PRF)

switching

common-collector/common-base

.

one-shot

between

for

(previously

are

course,

1

MHztothe

schematic

and

will

be

generator

stages

the output

matrix);the

circuit

Hz.The

hysteresis

the

range

the

discussed).Since

cascaded,atotal

is

sufficienttoreduce

one-shot

divide-by-ten

diagram,iscoupled

to

the

limited

to the

willbediscussed

IC1/IC2, IC3/IC4,

that

so

output.When

to

basic

generator;closure

contacts,

resistor
error

The
range
are

one-shot
range

switching

amplifier

crystal

from1kHzto100

switched

input

matrix

by-ten

stages
which, of
top

range

of

outputofeach

The
Matrix

sensing

Board

circuit
discussion
low-frequency

Dual

flip-flop

logically

connected
providesadivide-by-ten
programmed,
frequencyofthe

F;closureofK7

0

.1

contacts,0.001F.

crystal

schematic

one-shot

The
that

crystal-controlled

4

MHz

sinusoidal

circuitryisshown

diagram

in

oscillator

output

Potentiometric

.

circuit

(consisting

stage

+6-volt

operates

offset

overa10

frequency

switch

from1kHz

0

of

the

rangeof1

top

stage,

shown

low-frequency

error-sensing

each

paired

relayK5is

the

one-shot

0

.01F;

in

Section

(Y1/01)

5.A

producesanaccurate

the

and

source;and

frequency

:1

dividing

output

1

MHz

to

the

three

.001Fis

basic

available

generator

kHz

the

in

the

to

generator.This

circuit

later

.

IC5/IC6

or

dual

circuit

of

K6

contacts,

and

closureofK8

the

upper

free-running

amplifier

the

of

diode-

the

stages

and

the

by

the

divide-

.

Range

error-

;the

are
flip-flop
digitally

is

the

half

of

Q2-Q4

3-4

provides

buffering
appliedtothe
configured
produce
400

microseconds

from

The

Q5/06

logically

an

accurate

the

divide-by-ten

input

differentiator

this

flip-flop

flip-flop

with

the upper
of

begins
microseconds

(see

Figure

3-3 for

IC7Bisreset,

to

IC1A

.

cyclingisrepeated

This
the output

form,

of

havingaduty

reoccurrence

generator

The

.

offset

+6-volt

for

the

trigger

inputofa

with

400-microsecond

afterasquare-wave

circuits

stage

couples

(C8/R12).The

(IC7A)

enables

first

PRF

sets

oscillator

timing)

the

.

IC7Bisset,

which

for

the

one-shot

cycle

and,

hence, the

time

regulator

oscillator.The

JKT

thirteen

other

rectangular

.

the incoming

differentiated

in

the

the IC7

IC1A

stage.The

flip-flop.The

cycle

a

After

.

high

producing

IC7Atodisable

each

square-wave

is

a

circuit

proportionaltothe

frequencyofthe

(IC2),

the

buffered

output

flip-flop

flip-flops

input

is

signal

pulse

set

after

and,

stateatpin

400

microseconds

the

trigger

input

rectangular

PRF

switching

which

output

received

into

presets

output

count

400

input

.

Thus,
wave-

pulse

basic

to

is

circuit

is

are

shown
schematic
same

circuit

The

one-shot

pulse

turned

a

mately
ground.Thus, theDz
do

that

(loff)

9

V

source

Conversely,

collectorofQ2isapproximately

the
theDZ
positive

which
the

error amplifier

Comparison
circuit

DACismadeatthe

(01/02/IC3),

in

the

upper

diagram.Figure 3-4

.

output

period

that

the

off.This

causes

---1.4voltsdodue

forward

then

flows

biasesD3

from

throughR18

high

the

cathode

potential

causes the

being

zero

+6-volt

summing

the

average current

of

and

the

current

summing

and

error amplifier

the

halfofthe

a

simplified

is

appearsatthe

baseislow,

the

cathode

Q1isturned

collectorofQ2tobe

the

to

approximately

is

and

the

+6-volt

and

nonetothe

state

turnsQ1off

Error

baseofQ1.During the

D1/D2

zero

offset

summing

zero

subassembly

Amplifier

diagramofthis

on and02is

connection

biasesD4.Current

sourcetothe

andQ2on

volts,

approximately+0.7-voltsdc.

biasesD3

offset

from

node

node

and forward

current

.

from

the

programmed

of the

(Ion)

the

error

to flow

PRF

Board

approxi-

of

--0.7volts

-12

node

.

so that

resulting

in

This

biasesD4

into

switching

frequency

amplifier.If

,

100Hz
INPUT

ONE
OUTPUT
(^

1/25)

1

kHz

INPUT

ONE
OUTPUT
(-2/5)

SHOT

SHOT

Figure

3-3.One-Shot

Pulse

Period

10

mSEC

Ratios

for

Minimum

and

Maximum

Frequencies

3-5

FROM
FREQUENCY

DAC

1-O

ERROR
AMPLIFIER
SUMMINGNODE

the

magnitudes and

equal

and

opposite,

to

cause

The
ac anddc.

capacitor

fier

the

to
schematic

shown
two-pole
error
provide

The
causes

modifies
direction
the

equalinamplitude
current

this
frequency

programmedinspiteofcomponent

error-voltage

an

error amplifier

Since

provides

C8

saturation.The

MAN

diagram)

on

the

filter

pathtofurther

signal

proper

error

signal

a changeinthe

the output

(either

error

currentatthe

from

the

manner,

of

polaritiesofthese

an

error

current

output

has

considerable

the

PRF

current

negative

outputofthe

CAL

switch

and

latter

(R5,

loop

damping

thatisappliedtothe

frequency

and

digitally-programmed

the

error-sensing

the

basic

(sheet

the VCG/Integrator

to

schematic

R6, R7, C28,

reduce

.

VCG

output

frequency

increaseordecrease)tocause

error

amplifier

opposite

generator

Figure

3-4.PRF

currents

will

result

at

from

the

forward

largeaccomponent,

has

a

feedback

error

1ofChassis

diagram,

C25)isinsertedinthe

ripple

the

VCG

voltage

the

basic

of

summing

polaritytothe

in

circuit

to

value

amplifier

error

gain

to

prevent

amplifier

an

voltage

summing

that,inturn,

generatorinthe

frequency

holds

the output

the

value

drifts

.

Switching

are

not

the

node

.

for

both

ampli-

applied

is

Assembly

Board.As

additional

and

to

node

node

to be

analog

DAC.In

that

Circuit,

LOW-FREQUENCY

Triangle
frequency

Hz.'This

counter,

Slow

The
to

506 and
square-wave
frequency
states

basic

the

may
range

same
frequency

The
Section5.
not
other

which

is

output.Whenatrue

Simplified

and

circuitry

and

Square-Wave

cyclic

are

generator

low-frequency

be

of
as

simplified

shown,

inputstothe

require

Diagram

square

ranges

triangle

counter

then

outputs

from

progressively

and

extended

the

instrument.This

previously

inputtothe

logic

The

parallel

but

all

GENERATOR

waveforms
covering
consists

Generation

the

enter

of

DAC

showninthe

is

logically

back

that

basic

switched

the

inputtothe

range

(100

down

described for

error-sensing

diagram

trigger
directly

flip-flops

inputs to

output

are

the

band from

the

divide-by-ten

configured

down

are0.001

generator

between

Hz)ofthe

to

the

operation

for

inputs to

without

are

be

from

digitally

100

block

to count

againtoproduce

to

6

F

The

.

the outputofthe

cyclic

MHz

100

is

providing the

circuit

.

counter

the

each

being

controlled

false

to

NOR

a

gate

in

generated

pHz

stages,

diagram

of

divide-by-ten

countersothat
basic

low-frequency

essentially

flip-flop

by

produceatrue

occurs,

the

to

100

cyclic

.

from

the

input

generator

the

correct

appears

gated.All

NOR

gates

both

are

6

in

3-6

the

set

and
change
terminal

When
clock-pulse

pulse inputtobegin
starting
the

the

Two

counter
boards

on
tone-burst
to

As

slow

provides
Q5/06
drivingacompound
supply
output.Stages
equivalent of
negative-excursionofthe

Slow

state

.

the

with

counter

is

cycle

binary

as

The

.

the

VCG/Integrator

the

square-wave

shown

I

the

and

for

Triangle

last

generator

inputs

reset

with

the

flip-flopinthe

input,

the

the

highest

output

repeated

(square-wave)

square

No

in

is
5-volt

the

steps

.

waveforms and

256

.

theory),

amplifier/clamponthe Function Board

the Function

appliedtothe

peak-to-peak

Q9/Q10

configurationtoprovide

positive

Q7/Q8

the

circuitry

Wave

Generation

are

enabled

next

clock pulse

counterissetattheNo.

logic

gating

sequentially

flip-flop

order

down

outputs

count

and

coupledtothe

is

Board

and

Board

amplifier/clamp

consistofa

excursion

Q11/Q12

just

square-wave

and

into

causes

resetting

.

Thus

until

No

.

are

taken

connected

(described

theNo.

square-wave

described

506

schematic

differential

of

the

are

the

output

the

flip-flop

its

trigger

input

the

next

clock-

flip-flops,

the

afterNo.

6isreached

from

trigger

output.Stages

complementary

and

.

cyclic

the

to

other

circuit

laterinthe

countissent

diagram,

circuit

amplifier

the

collector

square-wave

provide

will

506

506,

and

the

that

the

SINE

CONVERSION

The

selected,

intoasine

block

diagram

this

circuitry

network

(IC2/Q1-04).Figure 3-6

The
forms

the top
adjust

Conversionofthe

accomplished by

.

resistor
the diode
simplified
parallel-connected

of
wave
waveisobtained

Duetothe
amplitudeofthe
before
IC2/Q1-Q4

the

(IC3

triangle

the

and bottom

the

networks

both

positive

so that

applicationtothe

required

sloworfast,

waveform

.Inthe

is

shownasa

through

inputisappliedtoclipper

triangle intoatrapezoidal

positive

curve.Only

diagram

and

four

which

and

and

shape and amplitude

.

losses

inherentinthe

shaped

formapotentiometric

gain

.

triangle

by

the

Function

IC6),

simplifies

peaks.Potentiometers

negative

trapezoidal

temperature-compensated,

are

one

of

Figure 3-6;the

biased

negative

sine

Output

waveformistransformed

sine

Board

clipper

andapotentiometric

this

amplitudes

wave

biased to

such

networkisshowninthe

operateatdifferent

to

excursionsofthe

sine-shaping

wave

Amplifier

convertor

(IC1),

waveform

into

operateatthe knee

symmetry

requires

amplifier

showninthe

schematic

diode-shaping

the

circuitry

IC1

which

R6

.

the

sine

other three

process,

amplification

Board.Stages
that

amplifier

for

by

and

trapezoidal

of

diagram,

clarity

trans-

clipping

R15

wave

diode-

of

are

levels

the

sine

the

provides

.

is

The

triangle

digital-to-analog

slow

frequency

"The
switching

tor

(IC22),

amplifier
schematic diagram.The

binary

configuratedtoprovideacountof500

Figure
binary
to

switchonin

these bridges
from

the

Fofthe

'The

slow
switching
(discussed

circuits

DAC,

triangle

ranges of

triangle

circuits

the

(IC24/Q3/Q4)

outputs

3-5isa

inputs

from

are

summing

basic

generator

triangle

circuit
later)

(discussed

showninthe

converter,

waveform

the

instrument

DAC

consistsofthe

(IC25 through

---6-volt

simplified

their

and

regulator

counter

up

to29

diagramofthe

the

counter

logical

connectedinparallel,

amplifierisa

frequency

outputisconnectedtothe

for

application

the

function-selection

previously)

block diagramasthe

produces

over

the

IC33), the

(IC23),

shown

on the

and

(51210),

cause

binary

triangle

.

.

the

digitally-generated

pHz

100

.

nine

diode-bridge

+6-volt

and

the

Counter

DAC

are

but

are

.

triangle

the

nine

diode-bridges

sequence.Since

the

resulting

waveformat0

slow/fast

to the

sine

relay-switching

100

to

regula-

summing

Board

capable

logically

DAC.The

all

output

relay

converter

9-bit

Hz

of

of

.001

TONE

BURST

When

the

programmed
VCG/Integrator

relay

K6,

close

(Figure

Priortothe
is

turned
associated
statebyapproximately+3voltsatthe
stateofIC6

provides

Turn

offofQ9,

the

flip-flop,

the

flip-floptoassume

is

nowapositive

base

amplifier

011.The
short

circuit
through
"standby

GENERATION

TRIG

pushbuttonisdepressed,ora

during

causing

3-7)

closingoftheK6contact,

on

resistors,

disables

its

programmed

and

feedback

the

Q13/Q11

state"---no

remote

Board draws

the

normally-open

.

by

the

and

the standby

however,

the

voltage

Q12

which,inturn,

path

around

output

operation,

+12-volt
flip-flop

output

removes

next

square-wave clock

the

reset state.The

sufficienttoturnongrounded-

around

the

programmed

path

and

.

current

path

IC6isclampedinthe

circuit

.

the

enables emitter
the

the

logical

driverQSon the

through

contactofthis

emitter

through

preset

set

integratorisnow

integratorisin

and

state

set

range

the

follower

input.The
the

integrator

clamp

input

output,

capacitance

"1"

coil

relay

CR5

from

causes

"Q",

follower

is

of
to

Q9

and

set
set

a

the

3-7

BINARY
COUNTER
TO

EACH

INPUT

(ONE

BRIDGE)

FROM

INPUT

+12V

IC24/Q3/Q4

SUMMING

AMPLIFIER

-12V

OUTPUTTO
SWITCHING

FUNCTION

Figure 3-5.Slow-Triangle

SLOW/FAST

CIRCUIT

BOARD

RELAY-

ON

Digital-to-Analog

Converter,

Simplified

Diagram

3-

8



















M

INTRODUCTION

-

This

section

calibrating,
instructions
electronics

a

factory-repair
possessing
maintain

the
problem

time

RECOMMENDED

the

factory

should

.

The

Model
stabilization
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technician or

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the necessary

instrument.If

for

repair,adetailed

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157

requires

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useaprecise

tolerances.Prepare

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TEST

instructions

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field

personnelortest

the

NOTE'

output

checkout,

programs.For amplitude

50-ohm

will

voltage

EQUIPMENT

for

testing,

the

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engineer.Wavetek

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instrumentisreturned
descriptionofthe

one-hour

load.A

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those

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.1-percent

.05-percent

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experienced

equipment

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157.The

adjusting,

maintains

to
to

specific

for
are

in

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calibration
checkout
following the
instrument

parameters
Electrical
point
layout

Preliminary

1.Set

2.Press

3.Wait

procedures

Specifications

and

diagramsinSection5.

The

entire
firsttodetermine
equipment

checkout

generator

the

1

hour

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as

settingitto 0

procedures

procedure
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and

adjustment

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POWER

any

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connections

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mode

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warmup

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for the

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of

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locations

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procedure

initial

control

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REMOTE

pushbutton

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NOTE

digital

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tolerance factors giveninthe

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Circuit

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board

test-

on the

be

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read

test

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following
equipment.Any
maybesubstituted

Name

Oscilloscope
Plug-In
Electronic

Dialamatic
Extender
Distortion

*For

CHECKOUT

The

Unit

troubleshooting

following

table

Counter

Voltmeter

Board*

AnalyzerHewlett-Packard

AND

subparagraphs

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test

equipment

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Manufacturer
Tektronix

"Tektronix
Computer
Wavetek
Wavetek

.

CALIBRATION

having

listed

.

Measurements

provide

equal

complete

test

accuracies

Model
543B

Wor1A7
727D
201
157-111
332A

sequential

Power

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1 .

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+12

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common

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Wave

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voltmeter

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voltmeter

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voltmeter

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voltsdo±50

and

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and

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to

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4-1

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Distortion

Analyzer

Test

Setup

TRIG

IN

4-

3



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900

800
700
600

500
400

300

200

100

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0

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function
Hz

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measure

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.

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settingisobtained

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with

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on

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using

the

IN
do

Basic

Troubleshooting
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electronics

1 .

2

3

.

4.Visually

.

Troubleshooting

Table
symptoms
indicated
follow

localized

.0

given
voltages
associated

before

Techniques

the

following

fault

isolation

Check
incorrect
its

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.

that
correct

Perform the checkout

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shaft,

associated

all

connector

control

control
will

connections

specification

recalibrating

check the

such

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loose

leads,

settings
setting,

causeafalse

equipment

.

indications

the

instrument

interior

etc

.

Chart

4-2

providesalistofsome

of

malfunctions

symptom

the

corresponding

to a

for

the major

at

passive

listedinColumn

specific

test

solid-state

elements

replacingasuspected

Model

157

requires

areafew

.

knob

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connections

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properly

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can be

.

the

instrument.Look

of

wires,

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procedures

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stagebychecking

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device
with

check

junction/pins.Check

ohmmeter

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on

.

by

4-4

or

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.

Table 4-2

TROUBLESHOOTING

CHART

Symptom

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open

loop

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on

some

loop

Generator

No
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Problems

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output on lower
and

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calibration

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instructions

Section5as

in

.

a

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157

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front

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1

2
3

4

5
6

7
8

9

To

remove

.

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shield

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the

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.

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replace

To

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Remove

2.Disconnect

3.Remove

Switch

Color

Brown
Red

Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Violet
Gray
White

anyofthese boards,

the

three

unit

lip

.

the

four

over

the

on the

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the

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top

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the

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the

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the

top

the

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switch to

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157

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DrawingNo.

157-603
157-600
157-602

157-000/200

157-010

157-011
157-012/212
157-013/213
157-014/214

157-015/215
157-016/216
157-017/217
157-018/218
157-019/219

157-020

157-021

157-024

.

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157

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LIST

The
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MANUFACTURERS

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Semiconductor

Mountain

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Broadview,

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Bradford, Pennsylvania

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