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Powerful Virtual Machine Software for the Technical Professional
User’s Manual
VMware, Inc.
3145 Porter Drive Palo Alto, CA 94304 www.vmware.com
Please note that you can always find the most up-to-date technical documentation on our Web site at http://www.vmware.com/support/.
The VMware Web site also provides the latest product updates.
Copyright © 1998-2005 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Protected by one or more of U.S. Patent Nos. 6,397,242, 6,496,847, 6,704,925, 6,711,672, 6,725,289, 6,735,601, 6,785,886, 6,789,156 and 6,795,966; patents pending. VMware, the VMware “boxes” logo and design, Virtual SMP and VMotion are registered trademarks or trademarks of VMware, Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdictions. Microsoft, Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. All other marks and names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies.
Revision: 20050916 Version: 5.0 Item: WS-ENG-Q205-062
Table of Contents
Introduction and System Requirements __________________________ 15
Product Overview ______________________________________________ 16 Powerful Virtual Machine Software for the Technical Professional _______ 16 Overview of This Manual ______________________________________ 18 About the Host and Guest Computers ____________________________ 18 What’s New in Version 5 _________________________________________ 19 Multiple Snapshots ___________________________________________ 19 Teams _____________________________________________________ 19 Clones_____________________________________________________ 19 Improved Performance for Virtual Machines Running Concurrently _____ 20 Improved Networking Performance ______________________________ 20 Improved Suspend/Resume and Snapshot Operations _______________ 20 New Host Operating System Support_____________________________ 20 New Guest Operating System Support____________________________ 20 Improved 64-bit Host Support __________________________________ 21 Isochronous USB support ______________________________________ 21 Command Line Interface ______________________________________ 21 Movie Record and Playback ____________________________________ 21 Improved Linux User Interface __________________________________ 21 Easier Upgrades and VMware Tools Installation Improvements _________ 22 Support for NX bit____________________________________________ 22 Experimental Support for Direct3D_______________________________ 22 Experimental Support for Guest ACPI S1 Sleep______________________ 22 VMware Virtual Machine Importer _______________________________ 22 Host System Requirements _______________________________________ 23 PC Hardware ________________________________________________ 23 Memory ___________________________________________________ 23 Display ____________________________________________________ 23 Disk Drives _________________________________________________ 24 Local Area Networking (Optional)________________________________ 24 Host Operating System________________________________________ 24 Virtual Machine Specifications_____________________________________ 27 Processor __________________________________________________ 27 Chip Set ___________________________________________________ 27 BIOS ______________________________________________________ 27
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Memory ___________________________________________________ 27 Graphics ___________________________________________________ 27 IDE Drives __________________________________________________ 27 SCSI Devices ________________________________________________ 28 Floppy Drives _______________________________________________ 28 Serial (COM) Ports ____________________________________________ 28 Parallel (LPT) Ports____________________________________________ 28 USB ports __________________________________________________ 28 Keyboard __________________________________________________ 28 Mouse and Drawing Tablets ____________________________________ 28 Ethernet Card _______________________________________________ 29 Sound _____________________________________________________ 29 Virtual Networking ___________________________________________ 29
Supported Guest Operating Systems _______________________________ 30 Microsoft Windows 32-bit______________________________________ 30 Microsoft MS-DOS ___________________________________________ 30 Linux ______________________________________________________ 31 Novell Netware ______________________________________________ 31 FreeBSD ___________________________________________________ 31 Sun Solaris _________________________________________________ 31
Technical Support Resources______________________________________ 32 Documentation on the Web____________________________________ 32 VMware Knowledge Base ______________________________________ 32 VMware User Community______________________________________ 32 Reporting Problems __________________________________________ 32
Where to Go Next ______________________________________________ 34
Installing VMware Workstation __________________________________ 35
Selecting Your Host System_______________________________________ 36 Upgrading from Previous Versions _______________________________ 36 Workstation Cannot Share a Host with Other VMware Products ________ 36 Installing VMware Workstation 5 on a Windows Host ___________________ 37 Installing Workstation on a Windows Host _________________________ 38 Installing VMware Workstation Silently ____________________________ 41 Uninstalling VMware Workstation 5 on a Windows Host ______________ 43 Installing VMware Workstation 5 on a Linux Host ______________________ 44 Before Installing on a Linux Host_________________________________ 45 Installing Workstation on a Linux Host ____________________________ 45
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Configuring with vmware-config.pl ______________________________ 48 Web Browser Required ________________________________________ 48 Uninstalling VMware Workstation 5 on a Linux Host _________________ 49 Where to Go Next ______________________________________________ 50
Upgrading VMware Workstation ________________________________ 51
Preparing for the Upgrade________________________________________ 52 Before You Install VMware Workstation 5 __________________________ 52 Upgrading on a Windows Host ____________________________________ 55 Upgrading from Version 4 or an Earlier Version 5 Release______________ 55 Upgrading from Version 3 to Version 5 ____________________________ 55 Upgrading on a Linux Host _______________________________________ 56 Using Workstation 4 Virtual Machines in Workstation 5__________________ 57 Create Everything New from the Start ____________________________ 57 Use a Legacy Virtual Machine without Upgrading ___________________ 57 Use a Legacy Virtual Machine with Upgrade _______________________ 58 Where to Go Next ______________________________________________ 60
Learning VMware Workstation Basics ____________________________ 61
Launching VMware Workstation ___________________________________ 62 Launching VMware Workstation on a Windows Host _________________ 62 Launching VMware Workstation on a Linux Host ____________________ 63 Overview of the VMware Workstation Window________________________ 64 The Home Page, Summary View, and Console View__________________ 66 The Toolbar _________________________________________________ 69 The Favorites List_____________________________________________ 71 Checking for Product Updates_____________________________________ 75 Setting Preferences for VMware Workstation__________________________ 76 Workspace _________________________________________________ 77 Input ______________________________________________________ 78 Hot Keys ___________________________________________________ 78 Display ____________________________________________________ 79 Memory ___________________________________________________ 80 Priority ____________________________________________________ 81 Lockout (Windows Hosts Only)__________________________________ 82 Virtual Machine Settings _________________________________________ 83 Hardware __________________________________________________ 83 Options____________________________________________________ 84
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Command Line Reference ________________________________________ |
91 |
Startup Options on a Linux Host_________________________________ |
91 |
Startup Options on a Windows Host _____________________________ |
92 |
Command Line Application ____________________________________ |
93 |
Keyboard Shortcuts ____________________________________________ |
95 |
What Files Make Up a Virtual Machine? ______________________________ |
96 |
Where to Go Next ______________________________________________ |
99 |
Creating a New Virtual Machine ________________________________ 101
Setting Up a New Virtual Machine_________________________________ 102 Steps to a New Virtual Machine ________________________________ 102 Converting a VirtualPC Virtual Machine_____________________________ 113 Installing a Guest Operating System and VMware Tools ________________ 117 Example: Installing Windows XP as a Guest Operating System ________ 117 Installing VMware Tools _________________________________________ 120 Upgrading VMware Tools _____________________________________ 120 VMware Tools for Windows Guests ______________________________ 120 VMware Tools for Linux Guests _________________________________ 122 VMware Tools for FreeBSD Guests_______________________________ 127 Installing VMware Tools in a NetWare Virtual Machine _______________ 129 VMware Tools Configuration Options ______________________________ 130 Using the Control Panel to Configure VMware Tools ________________ 130
Using the System Console to Configure VMware Tools in a NetWare Guest Operating System ___________________________________________ 135
Where to Go Next _____________________________________________ 137
_________________________________ Running VMware Workstation 139
Starting a Virtual Machine _______________________________________ 141 Virtual Machine Location _____________________________________ 141 Checking the Status of VMware Tools ______________________________ 142 Suspending and Resuming Virtual Machines ________________________ 143 Shutting Down a Virtual Machine _________________________________ 144 Power Off vs. Shut Down _____________________________________ 144 Resetting a Virtual Machine ______________________________________ 145 Reset vs. Restart ____________________________________________ 145
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Taking and Reverting to a Snapshot _______________________________ |
146 |
Cloning a Virtual Machine _______________________________________ |
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Deleting a Virtual Machine ______________________________________ |
148 |
Using Virtual Machine Teams_____________________________________ |
149 |
Controlling the Display _________________________________________ |
150 |
Using Full Screen Mode ______________________________________ |
150 |
Using Quick Switch Mode_____________________________________ |
151 |
Taking Advantage of Multiple Monitors __________________________ |
151 |
Fitting the Workstation Console to the Virtual Machine Display ________ |
152 |
Nonstandard Resolutions _____________________________________ |
153 |
Simplifying the Screen Display _________________________________ |
153 |
Installing New Software_________________________________________ |
155 |
Cutting, Copying and Pasting Text_________________________________ |
156 |
Using Shared Folders ___________________________________________ |
157 |
Viewing a Shared Folder ______________________________________ |
161 |
Using Drag and Drop___________________________________________ |
163 |
Using Devices in a Virtual Machine ________________________________ |
164 |
Adding, Configuring, and Removing Devices in a Virtual Machine______ |
164 |
Connecting and Disconnecting Removable Devices ________________ |
164 |
Creating a Screen Shot or a Movie of a Virtual Machine ________________ |
165 |
Creating a Screen Shot of a Virtual Machine _______________________ |
165 |
Creating a Movie of a Virtual Machine ___________________________ |
165 |
Where to Go Next _____________________________________________ |
167 |
Moving and Sharing Virtual Machines ___________________________ 169
Virtual Machine Identifier — UUID ________________________________ |
170 |
The UUID Location and Format ________________________________ |
170 |
The UUID and Moving Virtual Machines __________________________ |
171 |
Specifying a UUID for a Virtual Machine __________________________ |
172 |
Setting the UUID for a Virtual Machine that Is Being Moved___________ |
172 |
Moving a VMware Workstation 5 Virtual Machine _____________________ |
173 |
Hosts with Different Hardware _________________________________ |
173 |
Virtual Machines Use Relative Paths _____________________________ |
174 |
Preparing a Workstation 5 Virtual Machine for a Move _______________ |
174 |
Moving a Workstation 5 Virtual Machine to a New Host______________ |
175 |
Moving a VMware Workstation 4 Virtual Machine _____________________ |
176 |
Preparing Your Workstation 4 Virtual Machine for the Move __________ |
177 |
Moving a Workstation 4 Virtual Machine to a New Host Machine ______ |
178 |
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Moving an Older Virtual Machine _________________________________ |
179 |
Moving VMware Workstation 3.0 Virtual Machines__________________ |
179 |
Moving VMware Workstation 2.x Virtual Machines __________________ |
181 |
Considerations for Moving Workstation Disks in Undoable Mode ______ |
182 |
Sharing Virtual Machines with Other Users __________________________ |
184 |
Moving Linked Clones __________________________________________ |
185 |
Using Disks _________________________________________________ 187
Configuring Hard Disk Storage in a Virtual Machine ___________________ |
188 |
Disk Types: Virtual and Physical_________________________________ |
188 |
Disk Files __________________________________________________ |
191 |
Lock Files__________________________________________________ |
192 |
Defragmenting Virtual Disks ___________________________________ |
193 |
Shrinking Virtual Disks _______________________________________ |
193 |
Adding Drives to a Virtual Machine ________________________________ |
197 |
Adding a New Virtual Disk to a Virtual Machine ____________________ |
197 |
Adding Physical Disks to a Virtual Machine________________________ |
201 |
Adding DVD or CD Drives to a Virtual Machine ____________________ |
204 |
Adding Floppy Drives to a Virtual Machine________________________ |
206 |
Connecting a CD-ROM or Floppy Drive to an Image File _____________ |
207 |
Using VMware Virtual Disk Manager _______________________________ |
208 |
Running the VMware Virtual Disk Manager Utility __________________ |
209 |
Shrinking Virtual Disks with VMware Virtual Disk Manager ____________ |
212 |
Examples Using the VMware Virtual Disk Manager__________________ |
213 |
Configuring a Dual-Boot Computer for Use with a Virtual Machine _______ |
215 |
Using the Same Operating System in a Virtual Machine and on the Host |
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Computer _________________________________________________ |
216 |
Before You Begin____________________________________________ |
217 |
Configuring Dualor Multiple-Boot Systems to Run with VMware Workstation
219 |
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Setting Up Hardware Profiles in Virtual Machines ___________________ |
225 |
Running a Windows 2000, Windows XP or Windows Server 2003 Virtual |
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Machine from an Existing Multiple-Boot Installation ________________ |
230 |
Setting Up the SVGA Video Driver for a Windows 95 Guest Operating System Booted from a Raw Disk ______________________________________ 230 Setting Up the SVGA Video Driver for Use with a Windows 98 Guest Operating System Booted from a Raw Disk ________________________________ 232
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Do Not Use Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 Dynamic Disks as Raw Disks___________________________________________ 234 Configuring Dualor Multiple-Boot SCSI Systems to Run with VMware Workstation on a Linux Host ___________________________________ 235 Known Issues and Background Information on Using SCSI Raw Disks ___ 238
Installing an Operating System onto a Physical Partition from a Virtual Machine _ 241
Configuring a Windows Host __________________________________ 242 Configuring a Linux Host _____________________________________ 244 Legacy Virtual Disks ____________________________________________ 246 Upgrading a Legacy Virtual Machine for New Features of Workstation 5 _ 247 Using a Legacy Virtual Machine without Upgrading ________________ 247 Creating a Legacy Virtual Machine with Workstation 5_______________ 247
Preserving the State of a Virtual Machine ________________________ 249
Using Suspend and Resume _____________________________________ 250 Using Snapshots ______________________________________________ 251 Understanding Snapshots ____________________________________ 252 Examples of Using Snapshots __________________________________ 254 What Is Captured by a Snapshot? _______________________________ 255 Taking a Snapshot___________________________________________ 256 The Snapshot Manager_______________________________________ 258 Restoring a Snapshot: Revert or Go To? __________________________ 263 Deleting a Snapshot _________________________________________ 264 Making a Clone from a Snapshot _______________________________ 264 Virtual Machine Settings for Snapshots __________________________ 265 Snapshots and Legacy Virtual Machines__________________________ 266
Cloning a Virtual Machine _____________________________________ 267
Understanding Clones _________________________________________ 268 Why Make a Clone?__________________________________________ 268 Full and Linked Clones _______________________________________ 269 Full Clones and Snapshots of the Parent__________________________ 269 Creating Clones _______________________________________________ 270 The Clone Virtual Machine Wizard ______________________________ 270 Working with Clones ___________________________________________ 273 Making a Linked Clone of a Linked Clone_________________________ 273 Making a Full Clone of a Linked Clone ___________________________ 273 Network Identity for a Clone___________________________________ 273
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The Linked Clone Snapshot ___________________________________ 274 Linked Clones and Access to the Parent Virtual Machine _____________ 274
Configuring Teams __________________________________________ 277
Teams Overview ______________________________________________ 278 Creating and Deleting Teams ____________________________________ 279 Making a New Team _________________________________________ 279 Opening a Team ____________________________________________ 284 Closing a Team _____________________________________________ 284 Deleting a Team ____________________________________________ 285 Adding and Removing Virtual Machines ____________________________ 286 Adding an Existing Virtual Machine to a Team _____________________ 286 Removing a Virtual Machine from a Team ________________________ 286 Cloning and Taking Snapshots of Team Members_____________________ 288 Cloning a Virtual Machine in a Team_____________________________ 288 Taking Snapshots of Individual Virtual Machines in a Team ___________ 288 Starting and Stopping Teams ____________________________________ 289 Powering On a Team_________________________________________ 289 Powering Off a Team ________________________________________ 289 Suspending a Team _________________________________________ 289 Resuming a Team ___________________________________________ 290 Power Operations for Individual Members of a Team ________________ 290 Working with Team Networks ____________________________________ 292 LAN Segment Requirements __________________________________ 292 Creating a Team LAN Segment_________________________________ 293 Connecting to or Changing a LAN Segment ______________________ 293 Renaming a LAN Segment ____________________________________ 294 Deleting a LAN Segment _____________________________________ 294 The Startup Sequence __________________________________________ 295 Understanding the Start-Up Sequence Delay______________________ 295 Working with the Team Console View______________________________ 296 Displaying Teams ___________________________________________ 296 The Active Virtual Machine ____________________________________ 297 Using Full Screen with Teams __________________________________ 297 Editing Team Settings __________________________________________ 298 Connections _______________________________________________ 298 Virtual Machines ____________________________________________ 299 LAN Segments _____________________________________________ 300
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Options___________________________________________________ 302 Command Line for Teams _______________________________________ 303
Configuring a Virtual Network _________________________________ 305
Network Basics _______________________________________________ |
306 |
Components of the Virtual Network _______________________________ |
307 |
Virtual switch ______________________________________________ |
307 |
Bridge ____________________________________________________ |
307 |
Host Virtual Adapter _________________________________________ |
308 |
NAT Device ________________________________________________ |
308 |
DHCP Server _______________________________________________ |
308 |
Network Adapter ___________________________________________ |
308 |
Common Networking Configurations ______________________________ |
309 |
Bridged Networking _________________________________________ |
309 |
Network Address Translation (NAT) _____________________________ |
310 |
Host-Only Networking _______________________________________ |
312 |
Custom Networking Configurations _______________________________ |
313 |
Changing the Networking Configuration ___________________________ |
316 |
Adding and Modifying Virtual Network Adapters ___________________ |
316 |
Configuring Bridged Networking Options on a Windows Host ________ |
318 |
Enabling, Disabling, Adding and Removing Host Virtual Adapters ______ |
323 |
Advanced Networking Topics ____________________________________ |
326 |
Selecting IP Addresses on a Host-only Network or NAT Configuration___ |
327 |
Avoiding IP Packet Leakage in a Host-Only Network ________________ |
330 |
Maintaining and Changing the MAC Address of a Virtual Machine _____ |
332 |
Controlling Routing Information for a Host-only Network on a Linux Host |
334 |
Other Potential Issues with Host-Only Networking on a Linux Host _____ |
335 |
Setting Up a Second Bridged Network Interface on a Linux Host_______ |
336 |
Setting Up Two Separate Host-Only Networks _____________________ |
337 |
Routing between Two Host-Only Networks _______________________ |
340 |
Using Virtual Ethernet Adapters in Promiscuous Mode on a Linux Host__ |
344 |
Understanding NAT ___________________________________________ |
345 |
Using NAT _________________________________________________ |
346 |
The Host Computer and the NAT Network ________________________ |
346 |
DHCP on the NAT Network ____________________________________ |
346 |
DNS on the NAT Network _____________________________________ |
347 |
External Access from the NAT Network___________________________ |
347 |
Advanced NAT Configuration __________________________________ |
348 |
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Custom NAT and DHCP Configuration on a Windows Host ___________ 352 Considerations for Using NAT __________________________________ 353 Using NAT with NetLogon ____________________________________ 353 Sample Linux vmnetnat.conf File _______________________________ 355 Using Samba with Workstation ___________________________________ 358 Modifying Your Samba Configuration ___________________________ 358 Using a Samba Server for Both Bridged and Host-Only Networks ______ 358 Using Samba without Network Access ___________________________ 358
Configuring Video and Sound _________________________________ 359
Setting Screen Color Depth______________________________________ 360 Changing Screen Color Depth on the Host _______________________ 360 Changing Screen Color Depth in the Virtual Machine _______________ 361 Using Full Screen Mode on a Linux Host ___________________________ 362 Experimental Support for Direct3D ________________________________ 363 Audience for Direct3D Experimental Support _____________________ 363 Accelerated 3-D Limitations ___________________________________ 364 Enabling Accelerated 3-D _____________________________________ 364 Known Issues ______________________________________________ 367 Helping VMware with Experimental Support ______________________ 368 Configuring Sound ____________________________________________ 369
Installing Sound Drivers in Windows 9x and Windows NT Guest Operating Systems___________________________________________________ 369
Connecting Devices __________________________________________ 371
Using Parallel Ports ____________________________________________ 372 Parallel Ports _______________________________________________ 372 Installation in Guest Operating Systems __________________________ 372 Configuring a Parallel Port on a Linux Host________________________ 373 Special Notes for the Iomega Zip Drive __________________________ 376
Using Serial Ports ______________________________________________ 377 Using a Serial Port on the Host Computer ________________________ 377 Using a File on the Host Computer______________________________ 378 Connecting an Application on the Host to a Virtual Machine _________ 380 Connecting Two Virtual Machines ______________________________ 382 Special Configuration Options for Advanced Users _________________ 385 Examples: Debugging over a Virtual Serial Port ____________________ 387
Keyboard Mapping on a Linux Host _______________________________ 389 Quick Answers _____________________________________________ 389
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The Longer Story ___________________________________________ |
389 |
V-Scan Code Table __________________________________________ |
393 |
Using USB Devices in a Virtual Machine ____________________________ |
397 |
Notes on USB Support in Version 5______________________________ |
397 |
Enabling and Disabling the USB Controller________________________ |
397 |
Connecting USB Devices _____________________________________ |
398 |
Using USB with a Windows Host________________________________ |
398 |
Replacing USB 2.0 Drivers on a Windows 2000 Host_________________ |
399 |
Using USB with a Linux Host___________________________________ |
399 |
What Has Control over a USB Device?____________________________ |
400 |
Disconnecting USB Devices from a Virtual Machine _________________ |
401 |
Human Interface Devices _____________________________________ |
401 |
Connecting to a Generic SCSI Device ______________________________ |
402 |
Generic SCSI on a Windows Host Operating System ________________ |
402 |
Generic SCSI on a Linux Host Operating System ___________________ |
404 |
Performance Tuning __________________________________________ 407
Configuring and Maintaining the Host Computer_____________________ |
408 |
Location of the Working Directory ______________________________ |
408 |
Defragmentation of Disk Drives ________________________________ |
408 |
Adequate Free Disk Space ____________________________________ |
409 |
NIC Interrupt Coalescing______________________________________ |
409 |
Configuring VMware Workstation _________________________________ |
410 |
General VMware Workstation Options ___________________________ |
410 |
VMware Workstation on a Windows Host_________________________ |
413 |
VMware Workstation on a Linux Host ____________________________ |
415 |
Monitoring Virtual Machine Performance ___________________________ |
416 |
Memory Usage Notes __________________________________________ |
418 |
Virtual Machine Memory Size __________________________________ |
418 |
Memory Use on the Host _____________________________________ |
419 |
Using More Than 1GB of Memory on a Linux Host __________________ |
422 |
Improving Performance for Guest Operating Systems _________________ |
424 |
Windows 95 and Windows 98 Guest Operating System Performance Tips 424 |
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Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 Guest Operating |
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System Performance Tips _____________________________________ |
426 |
Windows NT Disk Performance on Multiprocessor Hosts _____________ |
427 |
Linux Guest Operating System Performance Tips___________________ |
427 |
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Disk I/O Performance Tips _______________________________________ 429 Memory Trimming __________________________________________ 429 Page Sharing_______________________________________________ 429
Special-Purpose Configuration Options _________________________ 431
Locking Out Interface Features ___________________________________ 433 Removing a Forgotten Password _______________________________ 434 Restricting the User Interface ____________________________________ 435 Automatically Returning to a Snapshot with a Restricted User Interface _ 436 Using Full Screen Switch Mode ___________________________________ 438 Creating a Virtual Machine for Use in Full Screen Switch Mode ________ 438 Moving a Virtual Machine to the User’s Computer __________________ 439 Setting Configuration Options on the User’s Computer ______________ 439 Starting and Stopping Virtual Machines on the User’s Computer ______ 443 Guest ACPI S1 Sleep ___________________________________________ 446
Glossary ____________________________________________________ 447
Index ______________________________________________________ 453
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C H A P T E R 1
Introduction and System
Requirements
This chapter discusses the following topics:
•Product Overview on page 16
•What’s New in Version 5 on page 19
•Host System Requirements on page 23
•Virtual Machine Specifications on page 27
•Supported Guest Operating Systems on page 30
•Technical Support Resources on page 32
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VMware Workstation 5 User’s Manual
Product Overview
Thank you for choosing VMware® Workstation, the powerful virtual machine software for enterprise IT professionals.
Run the operating systems and applications you need — all on a single desktop
Powerful Virtual Machine Software for the Technical
Professional
VMware Workstation is desktop software for developers and IT professionals that allows you to run multiple x86-based desktop and server operating systems simultaneously on a single PC, in fully networked, portable virtual machines — with no rebooting or hard drive partitioning required.
With VMware Workstation, you spend less time procuring and configuring, and more time testing and deploying. Over three million software development, quality assurance, and IT professionals worldwide find VMware Workstation an indispensable tool.
Key benefits include:
•Run multiple operating systems simultaneously on a single physical machine — VMware Workstation is desktop software for software developers
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C H A P T E R 1 Introduction and System Requirements
and IT professionals that allows a single PC to simultaneously run multiple x86based operating systems, including Windows, Linux, and NetWare, and their applications in fully networked, portable virtual machines - without rebooting or hard drive partitioning. The result is reduced hardware expenditures and quicker access to different computing environments. Additionally, VMware Workstation lets users avoid platform lock-in and preserve the freedom and flexibility to deploy the most appropriate platforms for their needs.
•Revolutionize software development and testing — VMware Workstation streamlines software development and testing by letting users create multiple development and testing environments as virtual machines on a single PC.
Developers can create a library of virtual machines and use them to easily develop and test applications on multiple operating systems, or to quickly create and test “real-world” multi-tier configurations or virtual networks. Developers can also use the multiple snapshot capabilities of Workstation to capture and manage point-in-time configurations to facilitate debugging and give a developer the ability to easily revert back to stable configurations should an error occur during testing. VMware Workstation enables developers to reduce configuration and set-up time, and instead focus on development and testing.
•Enhance productivity of enterprise IT professionals — VMware Workstation allows system administrators, system engineers, and other enterprise IT professionals to create and test multiple computing environments as virtual machines on a single PC prior to deploying these environments on physical PCs or servers in a production environment. This dramatically reduces hardware costs and the time and risk associated with IT tasks such as deploying new applications, application updates, and operating system patches. Additionally, IT help desk departments can create a virtual library of corporate desktop and server configurations that they can quickly access and manipulate (and then “undo” if necessary), thereby improving their responsiveness and effectiveness when troubleshooting end-user problems.
•Facilitate team collaboration — VMware Workstation lets users easily collaborate with their colleagues and share virtual machines. Once a computing environment — OS, associated applications, disk images, memory, etc. — has been turned into a virtual machine, it becomes a set of hardware-independent, encapsulated files that are highly portable and can be shared with any other Workstation user. A virtual machine can be placed on a shared drive where others can quickly access and upload it. Features in Workstation such as linked clones and video capture further facilitate team collaboration.
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VMware Workstation 5 User’s Manual
•Introduce Virtual Infrastructure to your enterprise — Virtual machines created in Workstation can be deployed to the other desktop and server virtualization platforms offered by VMware. Introducing VMware Workstation virtualization to the desktop is an ideal first step to transforming your physical IT infrastructure into virtual infrastructure.
Overview of This Manual
If you’re a veteran user of VMware products, take a few minutes to see What’s New in
Version 5 on page 19, and check out Upgrading VMware Workstation on page 51.
If you’re new to VMware Workstation, this is the place to start.
•The first chapters of this manual — through Running VMware Workstation on page 139 — introduce you to some of the things you can do with VMware Workstation and guide you through the key steps for installing the software and putting it to work.
•Later chapters provide in-depth reference material for getting the most out of the sophisticated features of VMware Workstation.
About the Host and Guest Computers
The terms host and guest describe your physical and virtual machines:
•The physical computer on which you install the VMware Workstation software is called the host computer, and its operating system is called the host operating system.
•The operating system running inside a virtual machine is called a guest operating system.
•For definitions of these and other special terms, see Glossary on page 447.
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What’s New in Version 5
Multiple Snapshots
VMware Workstation 5 greatly enhances the snapshot functionality available in previous releases of the product by allowing you to take a series of point-in-time, saved-to-disk snapshots of running virtual machines. This makes it easier to capture and switch between multiple configurations and accelerates testing and debugging.
Should a problem arise during testing, you can easily revert to a prior, stable snapshot. The new snapshot manager displays thumbnails of all your snapshots on a single screen, making it easy for you to track and revert to a previously saved snapshot. Also, when reverting to a previously saved snapshot, Workstation creates a new branch automatically, so other snapshots continue to be available. See Using Snapshots on page 251.
Teams
Teams functionality makes it easier to manage connected virtual machines and simulate “real-world” multitier configurations. A team is your designated group of virtual machines and the private networks that connect them.
Teams allow you to configure power operations, such as powering on and off and suspending or resuming virtual machines, in the exact sequence you desire. You determine network characteristics between the virtual machines in a team, including network bandwidth and packet loss percentages. The console view displays active thumbnails of all the virtual machines in a team, allowing you to easily identify and switch between any of the virtual machines on your team. See Configuring Teams on page 277.
Clones
Clones simplify the process of copying a virtual machine. Clones facilitate collaborative testing and debugging, and let colleagues share virtual machines more easily. You can duplicate a virtual machine as a linked clone or a full clone.
•Linked clones make it easy to set up a library of baseline virtual machines on a shared drive, to be accessed and shared by you and others, without using unnecessary disk space on local machines.
•A full clone — a complete copy — is also available when you need an identical virtual machine without the need to locate files within the host file system or to tediously install everything required to duplicate an existing guest configuration.
See Cloning a Virtual Machine on page 267.
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VMware Workstation 5 User’s Manual
Improved Performance for Virtual Machines Running
Concurrently
Workstation 5 includes significant improvements in memory utilization when virtual machines are used concurrently. This allows you to efficiently run multiple virtual machines with much less total memory.
Improved Networking Performance
Workstation 5 offers optional, enhanced networking performance by leveraging VMware's custom network driver. Once you install the updated VMware Tools, the necessary network drivers integrate seamlessly to offer significantly improved network performance.
Improved Suspend/Resume and Snapshot Operations
Workstation 5 performs significantly faster suspend/resume and snapshot operations, enabling you to spend more time testing and less time waiting for power operations to execute.
New Host Operating System Support
•SUSE Linux Pro 9.2
•SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9.0
•Mandrake Linux 10
•Windows Server 2003 SP1
•Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0
New Guest Operating System Support
•Windows Small Business Server 2000
•Red Hat Linux Advanced Server 3.0
•SUSE Linux Pro 9.2
•SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9.0
•Mandrake Linux 10
•Novell NetWare 6.5 SP3
•Novell NetWare 5.1 SP8
•Novell Linux Desktop 9
•Sun Java Desktop System
•Windows Server 2003 SP1
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C H A P T E R 1 Introduction and System Requirements
•Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0 beta
•SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9 SP1 (experimental support)
•Various other service pack updates and kernel updates
Improved 64-bit Host Support
•Workstation 5 includes hardware support for AMD Opteron, AMD Athlon 64, and Intel EM64T.
•Software support includes 64-bit host operating systems:
•Windows XP (experimental support)
•Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0
•SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 7, 8, 9
•Windows Server 2003 SP1
•Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0
Isochronous USB support
Workstation 5 offers support for isochronous USB input devices such as Web cameras and microphones, as well as output devices such as speakers. Use your webcam or work with multitrack audio within your guest operating system.
Command Line Interface
Workstation 5 offers a new command line interface, enabling you to create scripts to automate certain manual steps. See Command Line Reference on page 91.
Movie Record and Playback
Workstation 5 offers the ability to record your actions within a virtual machine and save the movie in an AVI format, facilitating team collaboration. Replay the resulting AVI file on any PC equipped with an AVI player. A free Windows player is available for download from the VMware Web site.
Record steps to reproduce defects in a particular configuration, or record configuration steps prior to running an application. Share the movie with colleagues to enable team collaboration. See Creating a Movie of a Virtual Machine on page 165.
Improved Linux User Interface
Workstation 5 offers a new GTK+, version 2-based user interface on Linux, which provides an improved look and feel, and enhanced usability.
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VMware Workstation 5 User’s Manual
Easier Upgrades and VMware Tools Installation Improvements
Starting with Workstation 5, on Windows hosts you can automatically install a new release over an existing Workstation release. The installer automatically uninstalls the previous version before installing the new version. Workstation 5 also streamlines VMware Tools installation for Linux virtual machines by allowing users to install VMware Tools without exiting the X session. See Upgrading VMware Workstation on page 51, and Installing VMware Tools on page 120.
Support for NX bit
Support for the NX bit and XD bit improves security for guest operating systems that take advantage of the feature.
Workstation 5 now supports the no execute and execute disable bit for guest operating systems that can leverage it. Aimed at thwarting malicious buffer overruns, NX and XD allow properly written applications to designate memory space as nonexecutable, so that no code can be executed from that memory space.
Experimental Support for Direct3D
Workstation 5 includes experimental support for Direct3D video acceleration. This feature is not fully functional. For information on configuring a virtual machine for 3-D support, see Experimental Support for Direct3D on page 363
Experimental Support for Guest ACPI S1 Sleep
Workstation 5 VMware Tools provide experimental support for guest operating systems that enable ACPI S1 sleep. (This feature requires you to have the latest VMware Tools installed.) For detailed configuration options, see Guest ACPI S1 Sleep on page 446.
VMware Virtual Machine Importer
This standalone utility allows you to convert your Microsoft® virtual machines — from either Virtual PC or Microsoft Virtual Server — into a VMware virtual machine. The VMware virtual machine is compatible with Workstation 4 or 5, completely independent of the previous format, ready to use with all the enhanced VMware Workstation functionality. The original file remains intact. See Converting a VirtualPC Virtual Machine on page 113.
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C H A P T E R 1 Introduction and System Requirements
Host System Requirements
What do you need to get the most out of VMware Workstation 5? Take the following list of requirements as a starting point. Like physical computers, the virtual machines running under VMware Workstation generally perform better if they have faster processors and more memory.
PC Hardware
•Standard x86-compatible personal computer
•400 MHz or faster CPU minimum (500 MHz recommended) Compatible processors include
•Intel®: Celeron®, Pentium® II, Pentium III, Pentium 4, Pentium M (including computers with Centrino™ mobile technology), Xeon™ (including “Prestonia”)
•AMD™: Athlon™, Athlon MP, Athlon XP, Duron™, Opteron™
•Experimental support for AMD Sempron™
For additional information, including notes on processors that are not compatible, see the VMware knowledge base at www.vmware.com/support/kb/ enduser/std_adp.php?p_faqid=967.
•Multiprocessor systems supported
•64-bit processor support for AMD64 Opteron, Athlon 64 and Intel IA-32e CPU (including “Nocona”)
Memory
• 128 MB minimum (256 MB recommended)
You must have enough memory to run the host operating system, plus the memory required for each guest operating system and for applications on the host and guest. See your guest operating system and application documentation for their memory requirements.
Display
• 16-bit or 32-bit display adapter recommended
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Disk Drives
Guest operating systems can reside on physical disk partitions or in virtual disk files.
Hard DIsk
•IDE and SCSI hard drives supported, up to 950GB capacity
•At least 1GB free disk space recommended for each guest operating system and the application software used with it; if you use a default setup, the actual disk space needs are approximately the same as those for installing and running the guest operating system and applications on a physical computer.
•For Installation — 80MB (Linux) or 150MB (Windows) free disk space required for basic installation. You can delete the installer afterwards to reclaim 56 – 60MB.
Optical CD-ROM/DVD-ROM Drive
•IDE and SCSI optical drives supported
•CD-ROM and DVD-ROM drives supported
•ISO disk image files supported
Local Area Networking (Optional)
•Any Ethernet controller supported by the host operating system
•Non-Ethernet networks supported using built-in network address translation (NAT) or using a combination of host-only networking plus routing software on the host operating system
Host Operating System
VMware Workstation is available for both Windows and Linux host operating systems.
Windows Host Operating Systems (32-bit)
•Windows Server 2003 Web Edition, Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition, Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition, Service Pack 1 (listed versions also supported with no service pack)
•Windows XP Professional and Windows XP Home Edition Service Pack 1 or 2 (listed versions also supported with no service pack)
•Windows 2000 Professional Service Pack 3 or 4, Windows 2000 Server Service Pack 3 or 4, Windows 2000 Advanced Server Service Pack 3 or 4 (listed versions also supported with no service pack)
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C H A P T E R 1 Introduction and System Requirements
Windows Host Operating Systems (64-bit)
•Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1 64-bit edition
•Experimental support for prerelease Windows XP 64-bit edition
Internet Explorer 4.0 or higher is required for the Windows online help system.
Linux Host Operating Systems
Supported distributions and kernels are listed below. VMware Workstation may not run on systems that do not meet these requirements.
Note: As newer Linux kernels and distributions are released, VMware modifies and tests its products for stability and reliability on those host platforms. We make every effort to add support for new kernels and distributions in a timely manner, but until a kernel or distribution is added to the list below, its use with our products is not supported. Look for newer prebuilt modules in the download area of our Web site. Go to www.vmware.com/download/.
•Mandrake Linux 10 — stock 2.6.3-7
•Mandrake Linux 9.0 — stock 2.4.19
•Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS/ES/WS 4.0 — stock 2.6.9-5, 64-bit
•Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS/ES/WS 3.0 — stock 2.4.21, update 2.4.21-15.EL, 64bit
•Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 — stock 2.4.9-e3
•Red Hat Linux Advanced Server 2.1 — stock 2.4.9-e3
•Red Hat Linux 9.0 — stock 2.4.20-8, upgrade 2.4.20-20.9
•Red Hat Linux 8.0 — stock 2.4.18
•Red Hat Linux 7.3 — stock 2.4.18
•Red Hat Linux 7.2 — stock 2.4.7-10, upgrade 2.4.9-7, upgrade 2.4.9-13, upgrade 2.4.9-21, upgrade 2.4.9-31
•SUSE Linux 9.2 — stock 9.2-2.6.8-24.11
•SUSE Linux 9.1 — stock 2.6.4-52
•SUSE Linux 9.0 — stock 2.4.21-99
•SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9.0 — 32-bit, 64-bit, SP1(listed versions also supported with no service pack)
•SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 8 — stock 2.4.19, 64-bit
•SUSE Linux 8.2 — stock 2.4.20
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•SUSE Linux 8.1 — stock 2.4.19
•SUSE Linux 8.0 — stock 2.4.18
•SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 7 — stock 2.4.7 and patch 2
•SUSE Linux 7.3 — stock 2.4.10
Platforms not listed above are not supported.
A Web browser is required for the Help system.
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C H A P T E R 1 Introduction and System Requirements
Virtual Machine Specifications
Each virtual machine created with VMware Workstation 5 provides a platform that includes the following devices that your guest operating system can see.
Processor
•Same processor as that on host computer
Note: A 64-bit processor runs in 32-bit legacy mode inside the virtual machine.
•Single processor per virtual machine on symmetric multiprocessor systems
Chip Set
•Intel 440BX-based motherboard
•NS338 SIO
•82093AA IOAPIC
BIOS
• PhoenixBIOS™ 4.0 Release 6 with VESA BIOS
Memory
•Up to 3.6GB, depending on host memory
•Maximum of 4GB total available for all virtual machines
Graphics
• VGA and SVGA support
IDE Drives
•Up to four devices — disks, CD-ROM or DVD-ROM (DVD drives can be used to read data DVD-ROM discs; DVD video is not supported)
•Hard disks can be virtual disks or physical disks
•IDE virtual disks up to 950GB
•CD-ROM can be a physical device or an ISO image file
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SCSI Devices
•Up to seven devices
•SCSI virtual disks up to 950GB
•Hard disks can be virtual disks or physical disks
•Generic SCSI support allows devices to be used without need for drivers in the host operating system. Works with scanners, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, tape drives and other SCSI devices
•LSI Logic® LSI53C10xx Ultra320 SCSI I/O controller
•Mylex® (BusLogic) BT-958 compatible host bus adapter (requires add-on driver from VMware for Windows XP and Windows Server 2003)
Floppy Drives
•Up to two 1.44MB floppy devices
•Physical drives or floppy image files
Serial (COM) Ports
•Up to four serial (COM) ports
•Output to serial ports, Windows or Linux files, or named pipes
Parallel (LPT) Ports
•Up to two bidirectional parallel (LPT) ports
•Output to parallel ports or host operating system files
USB ports
•Two-port USB 1.1 UHCI controller
•Supports most devices including USB printers, scanners, PDAs, hard disk drives, memory card readers and digital cameras, as well as streaming devices such as webcams, speakers, and microphones.
Keyboard
• 104-key Windows 95/98 enhanced
Mouse and Drawing Tablets
•PS/2 mouse
•Serial tablets supported
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Ethernet Card
•Up to three virtual Ethernet cards
•AMD PCnet-PCI II compatible
Sound
•Sound output and input
•Emulates Creative Labs Sound Blaster AudioPCI (MIDI input, game controllers and joysticks are not supported, except for USB devices)
Virtual Networking
•Support for nine or more virtual Ethernet switches, depending on the host operating system. Three switches are configured by default for bridged, hostonly, and NAT networking.
•Support for most Ethernet-based protocols, including TCP/IP, NetBEUI, Microsoft Networking, Samba, Novell Netware, and Network File System.
•Built-in NAT supports client software using TCP/IP, FTP, DNS, HTTP, and Telnet, including VPN support for PPTP over NAT.
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Supported Guest Operating Systems
The operating systems listed here have been tested in VMware Workstation 5 virtual machines and are officially supported. For notes on installing the most common guest operating systems, see the VMware Guest Operating System Installation Guide, available from the VMware Web site or from the Help menu.
Operating systems that are not listed are not supported for use in a VMware Workstation virtual machine. For the most recent list of supported guest operating systems, see the following page from the online Workstation 5 documentation on the VMware Web site, www.vmware.com/support/ws/doc/intro_supguest_ws.html.
Microsoft Windows 32-bit
•Experimental support for Windows, code-named Longhorn, beta
•Windows Server 2003 Web Edition, Standard Edition, Enterprise Edition, Small Business Server 2003; Service Pack 1 (listed versions also supported with no service pack)
•Windows XP Professional and Home Edition Service Pack 1 or 2 (listed versions also supported with no service pack)
•Windows 2000 Professional and Server Service Pack 1, 2, 3 or 4 (listed versions also supported with no service pack), Windows 2000 Advanced Server Service Pack 3 or 4
•Windows NT® Workstation and Server 4.0 Service Pack 6a required, Windows NT 4.0 Terminal Server Edition Service Pack 6 required
•Windows Me
•Windows 98 (including all Customer Service Packs) and Windows 98 SE
•Windows 95 (including Service Pack 1 and all OSR releases)
•Windows for Workgroups 3.11
•Windows 3.1
Microsoft MS-DOS
• MS-DOS 6.x
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