VMware vCenter Orchestrator - 4.2 User Manual

Using VMware vCenter Orchestrator
Plug-Ins
vCenter Orchestrator 4.2
This document supports the version of each product listed and supports all subsequent versions until the document is replaced by a new edition. To check for more recent editions of this document, see http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs.
EN-000422-00
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http://www.vmware.com/support/
The VMware Web site also provides the latest product updates.
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3401 Hillview Ave. Palo Alto, CA 94304 www.vmware.com
2 VMware, Inc.

Contents

Using VMware vCenter Orchestrator Plug-Ins 7
Introduction to Orchestrator Plug-Ins 9
1
Orchestrator Architecture 9
Default Orchestrator Plug-Ins 10
Access the Orchestrator API Explorer 12
Using the vCenter Server 4.1 Plug-In 15
2
Configure the vCenter Server 4.1 Plug-In 15
vCenter Server 4.1 Plug-In Scripting API 16
vCenter Server Scripting Examples 16
Using the vCenter Server 4.1 Plug-In Inventory 18
Access the vCenter Server 4.1 Plug-In Workflow Library 18
vCenter Server 4.1 Plug-In Workflow Library 19
Using the vCO Library Plug-In 29
3
vCO Library Plug-In Workflows 29
Using the Database Plug-In 31
4
Database Plug-In Scripting API 31
Connection Class 31
JDBCConnection Class 31
PreparedStatement Class 32
ResultSet Class 32
Running the JDBC Sample Workflows 33
Generate a JDBC URL 33
Test a JDBC Connection 34
Create a Table by Using JDBC 34
Insert a Row into a JBCD Table 35
Select Rows from a JDBC Table 35
Delete an Entry from a JDBC Table 36
Delete All Entries from a JDBC Table 36
Drop a JDBC Table 37
Run a Complete JDBC Cycle 37
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Using the SSH Plug-In 39
5
Configure the SSH Plug-In 39
SSH Plug-In Scripting API 40
SSH:File Type 40
SSH:Folder Type 40
SSH:RootFolder Type 40
3
SSH:SshConnection Type 40
KeyPairManager Class 40
SSHCommand Class 41
SSHFile Class 42
SSHFolder Class 42
SSHSession Class 43
Running the SSH Plug-In Sample Workflows 44
Generate a Key Pair 44
Change the Key Pair Passphrase 45
Register an Orchestrator Public Key on an SSH Host 45
Run an SSH Command 46
Copy a File from an SSH Host 46
Copy a File to an SSH Host 47
Using the XML Plug-In 49
6
XML Plug-In Scripting API 49
XMLDocument Class 49
XMLElement Class 50
XMLManager Class 51
XMLNamedNodeMap Class 51
XMLNode Class 52
XMLNodeList Class 53
Running the XML Plug-In Sample Workflows 53
Create a Simple XML Document 53
Find an Element in an XML Document 54
Modify an XML Document 54
Create an Example Address Book from XML 55
Using the Mail Plug-In 57
7
Define the Default SMTP Connection 57
Mail Plug-In Scripting API 58
EmailMessage Class 58
Email Scripting Examples 58
Using the Mail Plug-In Sample Workflows 59
Access the Mail Plug-In Sample Workflows 59
Mail Plug-In Sample Workflows 59
Test an Example Interaction with Email 60
Using the Net Plug-In 61
8
Net Plug-In Scripting API 61
FTPClient Class 61
POP3Client Class 62
POP3Message Class 63
TelnetClient Class 63
Using the Enumeration Plug-In 65
9
Enumeration Plug-In Scrpting API 65
Time Zone Codes 66
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Index 69
Contents
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Using VMware vCenter Orchestrator Plug-Ins

The Using VMware vCenter Orchestrator Plug-Ins provides information and instructions about configuring and using the official set of plug-ins installed with VMware® vCenter Orchestrator.
Intended Audience
This information is intended for advanced vSphere administrators and experienced system administrators who are familiar with virtual machine technology and datacenter operations.
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Introduction to Orchestrator Plug-Ins 1

Plug-ins allow you to use Orchestrator to access and control external technologies and applications. Exposing an external technology in an Orchestrator plug-in allows you to incorporate objects and functions in workflows that access the objects and functions of that external technology.
The external technologies that you can access by using plug-ins can include virtualization management tools, email systems, databases, directory services, and remote control interfaces.
Orchestrator provides a set of standard plug-ins to allow you to incorporate such technologies as the VMware vCenter Server API and email capabilities into workflows. In addition, the Orchestrator open plug-in architecture allows you to develop plug-ins to access other applications. Orchestrator implements open standards, to simplify integration with external systems. For information about developing custom content, see Developing with VMware vCenter Orchestrator.
Plug-ins extend the Orchestrator scripting engine with new object types and methods, and plug-ins publish notification events from the external system that trigger events in Orchestrator and in the plugged-in technology. Plug-ins provide an inventory of JavaScript objects that you can access on the Orchestrator Inventory tab. Each plug-in can provide one or more packages of workflows and actions that you can run on the objects in the inventory to automate the typical use cases of the integrated product.
This chapter includes the following topics:
n
“Orchestrator Architecture,” on page 9
n
“Default Orchestrator Plug-Ins,” on page 10
n
“Access the Orchestrator API Explorer,” on page 12

Orchestrator Architecture

Orchestrator contains a workflow library and a workflow engine to allow you to create and run workflows that automate orchestration processes. You run workflows on the objects of different technologies that Orchestrator accesses through a series of plug-ins.
Orchestrator provides a standard set of plug-ins, including a plug-in for vCenter Server, to allow you to orchestrate tasks in the different environments that the plug-ins expose.
Orchestrator also presents an open architecture to allow you to plug in external third-party applications to the orchestration platform. You can run workflows on the objects of the plugged-in technologies that you define yourself. Orchestrator connects to a directory services server to manage user accounts, and to a database to store information from the workflows that it runs. You can access Orchestrator, the Orchestrator workflows, and the objects it exposes through the Orchestrator client interface, through a Web browser, or through Web services.
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Orchestrator
database
workflow library
vCenter
Server
XML SSH JDBC SMTP
3rd-party
plug-in
directory
services
workflow engine
web
service
browser
access
vCenter
Orchestrator
Client application
vCenter
Server
Figure 1-1. VMware vCenter Orchestrator Architecture

Default Orchestrator Plug-Ins

Orchestrator includes a collection of plug-ins. Each plug-in exposes an external product API to the Orchestrator platform. Plug-ins provide inventory classes, extend the scripting engine with new object types, and publish notification events from the external system. Each plug-in can also provide a library of workflows that represents the typical use cases of the integrated product in an automated fashion.
You can see the list of available plug-ins from the Plug-ins tab in the Orchestrator configuration interface. Plug- ins that require configuration add separate tabs to the interface.
Table 1-1. Plug-Ins Installed with Orchestrator by Default
Plug-In Purpose Configuration Input Types Scripting Objects Inventory
vCenter Server
4.1
vCO Library Provides workflows that act
Provides access to the vCenter Server 4.1 API, so that you can incorporate all of the vCenter Server objects and functions into the management processes that you use Orchestrator to automate.
as basic building blocks for customization and automation of client processes. The workflow library includes templates for lifecycle management, provisioning, disaster recovery, hot backup, and many other standard processes. Sources of library processes are accessible and can be copied and edited.
See “Configure
the vCenter Server 4.1 Plug­In,” on page 15.
None See Developing
See
http://www.vmw are.com/suppor t/orchestrator/do c/vco_vsphere41 _api/index.html.
with VMware vCenter Orchestrator, Using the Orchestrator API.
See
http://www.vmware.co m/support/orchestrato r/doc/vco_vsphere41_ap i/index.html.
See Developing with
VMware vCenter Orchestrator, Using the Orchestrator API.
Exposes all vCenter Server objects.
Exposes nothing in the inventory.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Orchestrator Plug-Ins
Table 1-1. Plug-Ins Installed with Orchestrator by Default (Continued)
Plug-In Purpose Configuration Input Types Scripting Objects Inventory
Database Java Database Connectivity
(JDBC) API is the industry standard for database­independent connectivity between the Java programming language and a wide range of databases. The databases include SQL databases and other tabular data sources, such as spreadsheets or flat files. The JDBC API provides a call­level API for SQL-based database access from workflows.
SSH Provides an implementation
of the Secure Shell v2 (SSH-2) protocol. Allows remote command and file transfer sessions with password and public key-based authentication in workflows. Optionally, the SSH plug-in can provide remote file system browsing directly in the vCO inventory.
XML A complete Document
Object Model (DOM) XML parser that you can implement in workflows. Alternatively, you can use the ECMAScript for XML (E4X) implementation in the Orchestrator JavaScript API.
Mail Uses Simple Mail Transfer
Protocol (SMTP) to send email from workflows.
Net Wraps the Jakarta Apache
Commons Net Library. Provides implementations of Telnet, FTP, and POP3. The POP3 part allows reading email. In combination with the Mail plug-in, the Net plug-in provides full email sending and receiving capabilities in workflows.
None None
See “Configure
the SSH Plug­In,” on page 39.
File Folder RootFolder SshConnection
None None
Set the default
None values for the EmailMessage object to use.
See “Define the
Default SMTP Connection,” on
page 57.
None None
Connection JDBCConnection PreparedStatement ResultSet
KeyPairManager SSHCommand SSHFile SSHFolder SSHSession
XMLDocument XMLElement XMLManager XMLNameNodeMap XMLNode XMLNodeList
EmailMessage
FTPClient POP3Client POP3Message TelnetClient
Exposes nothing in the inventory.
Can expose objects in the inventory.
Exposes nothing in the inventory.
Exposes nothing in the inventory.
Exposes nothing in the inventory.
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Table 1-1. Plug-Ins Installed with Orchestrator by Default (Continued)
Plug-In Purpose Configuration Input Types Scripting Objects Inventory
Enumeration Provides common
vCO WebOperator
enumerated types that can be used in workflows by other plug-ins.
A Web view that allows you to access the workflows in the Orchestrator library and interact with them across a network by using a Web browser. See Administering
VMware vCenter Orchestrator, Weboperator Web View.
Plug-In Components
Each plug-in is a DAR file package. The DAR files are stored in
server\server\vmo\plugins on the Orchestrator server system. The components of each plug-in, such as
workflow categories and API modules, can use different naming conventions.
Table 1-2. Names of Plug-In Components
Plug-In Name in the Configuration UI DAR Name
vCenter Server 4.1
vCO Library
Database
SSH
XML
Mail
Net
Common enumerated types
vCO WebOperator
o11nplugin-vsphere41.dar
o11nplugin-library.dar
o11nplugin-jdbc.dar
o11nplugin-ssh.dar
o11nplugin-xml.dar
o11nplugin-mail.dar
o11nplugin-jakartacommonsnet.dar
o11nplugin-enums.dar
o11nplugin-weboperator.dar
None JavaScript
Enumerations
None None None Exposes
Orchestrator_installation_path
Workflow Categories API Module
vCenter
Locking
Orchestrator
Troubleshooting
JDBC
SSH
XML
Mail
None
None
None N/A
None Exposes
nothing in the inventory.
nothing in the inventory.
\app-
VC
N/A
Database
SSH
XML
Mail
Net
Enums

Access the Orchestrator API Explorer

Orchestrator provides an API Explorer to allow you to search the Orchestrator API and see the documentation for JavaScript objects that you can use in scripted elements.
You can consult an online version of the Scripting API for the vCenter Server plug-in on the Orchestrator documentation home page.
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Orchestrator Plug-Ins
Procedure
u
Access the API Explorer from either the Orchestrator client or from the Scripting tabs of the workflow, policy, and action editors.
n
To access the API Explorer from the Orchestrator client, click Tools > API Explorer in the Orchestrator client tool bar.
n
To access the API Explorer from the Scripting tabs of the workflow, policy, and action editors, click Search API on the left.
The API Explorer appears, allowing you to search all the objects and functions of the Orchestrator API.
What to do next
Use the API Explorer to write scripts for scriptable elements.
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Using the vCenter Server 4.1 Plug-In 2

You can use the vCenter Server 4.1 plug-in to manage multiple vCenter Server hosts. You can create workflows that use the vCenter Server plug-in API to automate tasks in your vCenter Server environment.
The vCenter Server plug-in maps the vCenter Server API to the JavaScript that you can use in workflows. It also provides actions that perform individual vCenter Server tasks that you can include in workflows.
The vCenter Server plug-in provides a library of standard workflows that automate vCenter Server operations. For example, you can run workflows that create, clone, migrate, or delete virtual machines.
This chapter includes the following topics:
n
“Configure the vCenter Server 4.1 Plug-In,” on page 15
n
“vCenter Server 4.1 Plug-In Scripting API,” on page 16
n
“vCenter Server Scripting Examples,” on page 16
n
“Using the vCenter Server 4.1 Plug-In Inventory,” on page 18
n
“Access the vCenter Server 4.1 Plug-In Workflow Library,” on page 18
n
“vCenter Server 4.1 Plug-In Workflow Library,” on page 19

Configure the vCenter Server 4.1 Plug-In

Orchestrator uses the vCenter Web Service API to control vCenter Server. You can set the parameters to enable Orchestrator to connect to your vCenter Sever instances.
Prerequisites
Import the SSL certificates for each vCenter Server instance you define. For more information, see Installing and Configuring VMware vCenter Orchestrator.
Procedure
1 Log in to the Orchestrator configuration interface as vmware.
2 Click vCenter Server 4.1.
3 Click New vCenter Server Host.
4 From the Available drop-down menu, select Enabled.
5 In the Host text box, type the IP address or the DNS name of the vCenter Server host.
6 In the Port text box, retain the default value, 443.
7 (Optional) Select the Secure channel check box to establish a secure connection to your vCenter Server
host.
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8 In the Path text box, retain the default value, /sdk.
This is the location of the SDK that you use to connect to your vCenter Server instance.
9 In the User name and Password text boxes, type the credentials for Orchestrator to use to establish the
connection to the vCenter Server host.
The user that you select must be a valid user with administrative privileges on your vCenter Server, preferably at the top of the vCenter Server tree structure. Orchestrator uses these credentials to monitor the vCenter Web service (typically to operate Orchestrator system workflows). All other requests inherit the credentials of the user who triggers an action.
10 Specify the method you use to manage user access on the vCenter Server host.
Option Action
Share a unique session
Session per user
11 Click Apply changes.
Select this option to allow Orchestrator to create only one connection to vCenter Server. Type the credentials of a user who is a vCenter Server administrator.
Select this option if your vCenter Server is in an Active Directory domain. Make sure that the user has the necessary permissions to perform the required operations.
CAUTION Each user who logs in to Orchestrator creates a new session to vCenter Server. This might rapidly use CPU, memory, and bandwidth.
The URL to the newly configured vCenter Server host is added to the list of defined hosts.
12 Repeat Step 3 through Step 11 for each vCenter Server instance.

vCenter Server 4.1 Plug-In Scripting API

The VC scripting API contains classes, with their respective attributes, methods, and constructors that allow interaction between vCenter Orchestrator and vCenter Server. You can use the API to develop custom workflows.
For a list of available API objects, see
http://www.vmware.com/support/orchestrator/doc/vco_vsphere41_api/index.html.

vCenter Server Scripting Examples

Workflow scripted elements can include scripting of common vCenter Server tasks. You can cut, paste, and adapt these examples into your scripted elements.
Access Managed Object Types
The following JavaScript example allows Orchestrator to use scripting to access vCenter Server managed objects through the vCenter Server plug-in.
var vm = ...; // Get the property 'name' var name = vm.name; // returns a string // return a VcEnvironmentBrowser managed object var environmentBrowser = vm.environmentBrowser;
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Chapter 2 Using the vCenter Server 4.1 Plug-In
Access Managed Object Reference Types
The following JavaScript example allows Orchestrator to access data objects with the return type
ManagedObjectReference. Getters and setters that end with
List<ManagedObjects>
// virtualMachine is a workflow input parameter var virtualMachineSnapshotInfo = virtualMachine.snapshot; var virtualMachineSnapshot = virtualMachineSnapshotInfo.currentSnapshot;
// The reverse operation virtualMachineSnapshotInfo.currentSnapshot = virtualMachineSnapshot;
.
_ManagedOjects
return
ManagedObject
In versions of Orchestrator earlier than 4.1, you must use the toManagedObject() method to convert object references, for example workflow input parameter objects, to managed objects. The following JavaScript operation works in Orchestrator 4.1, but it is no longer necessary.
// vCenter Server 4.0 plug-in code var virtualMachineSnapshot = VcPlugin.toManagedObject( virtualMachine, virtualMachineSnapshot);
Handle Enumeration Types
or
The following JavaScript example allows Orchestrator to use scripting to handle vCenter Server enumerations through the vCenter Server plug-in.
// a VcSharesLevel FINDER ENUMERATION TYPE, for example // received from an input parameter var sharesLevel = ...
// get the String value of the FINDER ENUMERATION TYPE var sharesLevelString = sharesLevel.value;
// Assign to a DataObject var sharesInfo = new VcSharesInfo(); sharesInfo.level = sharesLevel;
Discover Host Machines and Virtual Machines
The following JavaScript example allows Orchestrator to use scripting to find host machines and virtual machines through the vCenter Server plug-in.
var sdkConnections = VcPlugin.allSdkConnections;
System.log(sdkConnections.length + " SdkConnections found"); for (var i = 0; i < sdkConnections.length; i++) { var sdkConnection = sdkConnections[i]; System.log("SdkConnection '" + sdkConnection.id + "'");
// Hierarchy entry point var rootFolder = sdkConnection.rootFolder;
// Get the property 'name' var name = rootFolder.name; System.log("--- Root folder '" + name + "'");
// Get the folder's data centers
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var datacenters = rootFolder.datacenter; if (datacenters != null) { for (var j = 0; j < datacenters.length; j++) { var datacenter = datacenters[j]; System.log("--- Datacenter '" + datacenter.id + "'"); } }
// Method to get all the virtual machines in a vCenter Server host var vms = sdkConnection.getAllVirtualMachines(); if (vms != null) { for (var j = 0; j < vms.length; j++) { var vm = vms[j]; System.log("--- VM '" + vm.id + "'"); System.log("--- VM '" + vm.name + "'"); var guestInfo = vm.guest; System.log("--- VM guestInfo '" + guestInfo + "'"); if (guestInfo != null) { System.log("--- VM guestInfo.guestFamily '" + guestInfo.guestFamily + "'"); } } } }
Set vCenter Server Option Values
The following JavaScript example allows Orchestrator to set vCenter VcOptionManager option values.
var myVcOptionValue = new VcOptionValue(); myVcOptionValue.key = VimAdvancedOptionKey; myVcOptionValue.value_LongValue = VimAdvancedOptionValue;
You can set the following optional value types as VcOptionValue attributes.
value
value_FloatValue
value_IntValue
value_LongValue
Attribute is a string value.
Attribute value is a float value.
Attribute value is an integer value.
Attribute value is a long value.

Using the vCenter Server 4.1 Plug-In Inventory

The vCenter Server plug-in exposes all objects of the connected vCenter Server hosts in the Inventory view. You can use the Inventory view to add authorization elements or to run workflows on vCenter Server objects.
If the Use contextual menu in inventory option is enabled, all of the workflows that you can run on the selected inventory object appear in a contextual menu.

Access the vCenter Server 4.1 Plug-In Workflow Library

You must use the Orchestrator client to access the elements from the vCenter Server 4.1 plug-in workflow library.
Prerequisites
n
The vCenter Server 4.1 plug-in must be enabled and configured in the Orchestrator configuration interface.
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n
You must be logged in to the Orchestrator client as a user who can run vCenter workflows.
Procedure
1 Click the Workflows view in the Orchestrator client.
2 Expand the hierarchical list to Library > vCenter.
What to do next
Review the workflow library.

vCenter Server 4.1 Plug-In Workflow Library

The vCenter Server 4.1 plug-in workflow library contains workflows that allow you to run automated processes related to the management of vCenter Server.
Batch Workflows
You access these workflows from Library > vCenter > Batch.
Chapter 2 Using the vCenter Server 4.1 Plug-In
Fill batch configuration elements
Run a workflow on a selection of objects
Populates the configuration elements that the Run a workflow on a selection of objects workflow uses. Resets the BatchObject and BatchAction configuration elements. Fills the BatchObject configuration element with all of the workflows that have only one input parameter. Fills the BatchAction configuration element with all of the actions that have no input parameters or one input parameter and that have an array as the returnType.
Runs a workflow on a selection of vCenter Server objects, taking one action as input. This is the action that retrieves the list of objects on which to run the workflow. To return the objects without running the selected workflow, run the workflow in simulation mode.
Cluster and Compute Resource Workflows
You access these workflows from Library > vCenter > Cluster and Compute Resource.
Create cluster
Delete cluster
Disable HA on cluster
Enable HA on cluster
Rename cluster
Creates a new cluster in a given host folder.
Deletes a given cluster.
Disables high availability on a given cluster.
Enables high availability on a given cluster.
Renames a given cluster.
Custom Attribute Workflows
You access these workflows from Library > vCenter > Custom Attributes.
Add custom attribute to a virtual machine
Add custom attribute to multiple virtual machines
Get custom attribute
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Adds a custom attribute to a given virtual machine.
Adds a custom attribute to a selection of virtual machines.
Gets a custom attribute for a given virtual machine in vCenter Server.
Datacenter Workflows
You access these workflows from Library > vCenter > Datacenter.
Create datacenter
Delete datacenter
Reload datacenter
Rename a datacenter
Rescan datacenter HBAs
Creates a new datacenter in a given datacenter folder and returns the new datacenter.
Deletes a given datacenter.
Forces vCenter Server to reload data from a datacenter.
Renames a given datacenter and waits for the task to complete.
Scans the hosts in a datacenter and initiates a rescan on the host's HBAs to discover new storage.
Datastore and Files Workflows
You access these workflows from Library > vCenter > Datastore and Files.
Delete all files
Delete all unused datastore files
Export unused datastore files
Find unused files in datastores
Deletes a list of files.
Searches all datastores in the vCenter Server environment and deletes all unused files.
Searches all datastores and creates and XML descriptor file that lists all unused files.
Searches the vCenter Server environment for all unused disks (*.vmdk), virtual machines (*.vmx), and template (*.vmtx) files that are not associated with any vCenter Server instances that are registered with Orchestrator.
Get all configuration, template, and disk files from virtual machines
Log all datastore files
Log unused datastore files
Creates a list of all virtual machine descriptor files and a list of all virtual machine disk files, for all datastores.
Creates a log for every virtual machine configuration file and every virtual machine file found in all datastores.
Searches the vCenter Server environment for unused files that are registered on virtual machines and exports a log of the files in a text file.
Datacenter FolderManagementWorkflows
You access these workflows from Library > vCenter > Folder management > Datacenter folder.
Create datacenter folder
Delete datacenter folder
Rename datacenter folder
Creates a datacenter folder and returns it.
Deletes a datacenter folder and waits for the task to complete.
Renames a datacenter folder and waits for the task to complete.
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Chapter 2 Using the vCenter Server 4.1 Plug-In
Host FolderManagementWorkflows
You access these workflows from Library > vCenter > Folder management > Host folder.
Create host folder
Delete host folder
Rename host folder
Creates a host folder and returns it.
Deletes a host folder and waits for the task to complete.
Renames a host folder and waits for the task to complete.
Virtual Machine FolderManagementWorkflows
You access these workflows from Library > vCenter > Folder management > VM folder.
Create virtual machine folder
Delete virtual machine folder
Rename virtual machine folder
Creates a virtual machine folder.
Deletes a virtual machine folder and waits for the task to complete.
Renames a virtual machine folder and waits for the task to complete.
Basic HostManagementWorkflows
You access these workflows from Library > vCenter > Host management > Basic.
Enter maintenance mode
Exit maintenance mode
Puts the host into maintenance mode. The task can be canceled.
Exits maintenance mode. The task can be canceled.
Move host into cluster
Move host to folder
Reload host
Moves an existing host into a cluster. The host must be part of the same datacenter, and if the host is part of a cluster, the host must be in maintenance mode.
Moves a host into a folder as a standalone host (ComputeResource). The host must be part of a ClusterComputeResource in the same datacenter and the host must be in maintenance mode.
Forces vCenter Server to reload data from an ESX host.
Host Management Power Workflows
You access these workflows from Library > vCenter > Host management > Power.
Reboot host
Shut down host
Reboots a host. If the Orchestrator client is connected directly to the host, it does not receive any indication of success in the returned task, but rather loses the connection to the host if the operation succeeds.
Shuts down a host. If the Orchestrator client is connected directly to the host, it does not receive any indication of success in the returned task, but rather loses the connection to the host if the operation succeeds.
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