VMware vCenter Operations Manager - 5.7 Getting Started Guide
VMware vCenter Operations Manager
Getting Started Guide
vSphere User Interface
vCenter Operations Manager 5.7
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EN-000671-00
VMware vCenter Operations Manager Getting Started Guide
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2 VMware, Inc.
Contents
VMware vCenter Operations Manager Getting Started Guide 5
Introducing Key Features and Concepts 7
1
vCenter Operations Manager Features 7
Main Concepts of vCenter Operations Manager 8
Metric Concepts for vCenter Operations Manager 9
Beginning to Monitor the Virtual Environment 11
2
Object Type Icons in the Inventory Pane 11
Badge Concepts for vCenter Operations Manager 12
Major Badges in vCenter Operations Manager 12
Working with Metrics and Charts on the All Metrics Tab 21
Viewing Members and Relationships in the Monitored Environment 25
3
Check the Performance of Your Virtual Environment 26
Balancing the Resources in Your Virtual Environment 26
Find an ESX Host that Has Resources for More Virtual Machines 27
Find a Cluster that Has Resources Available for More Virtual Machines 28
Ranking the Health, Risk, and Efficiency Scores 28
View the Compliance Details 29
View a List of Members 31
Overview of Relationships 31
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Troubleshooting with vCenter Operations Manager 35
4
Troubleshooting Overview 35
Troubleshooting a Help Desk Problem 36
Troubleshooting an Alert 36
Finding Problems in the Virtual Environment 37
Finding the Cause of the Problem 39
Fix the Cause of the Problem 45
Assessing Risk and Efficiency in vCenter Operations Manager 47
5
Analyzing Data for Capacity Risk 47
Optimizing Data for Capacity 52
Forecasting Data for Capacity Risk 56
Working with Faults and Alerts 63
6
Events that Generate Faults 63
Monitoring Alerts in vCenter Operations Manager 64
3
VMware vCenter Operations Manager Getting Started Guide
Working with Groups 73
7
Create a Group Type 74
Edit a Group Type 74
Delete a Group Type 75
Create a Group 75
Managing Groups 79
Application Custom Group 82
Set How Data Appears in vCenter Operations Manager 85
8
Create a New Policy 86
Modify an Existing Policy 106
Modify Summary, Views, and Reports Settings 107
Monitor the Performance of vCenter Operations Manager 111
9
Check the Health State of vCenter Operations Manager 111
Monitor Specific Metrics for vCenter Operations Manager 112
Monitor Specific Metrics for a vCenter Operations Manager Component 112
Index 113
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VMware vCenter Operations Manager Getting Started Guide
The VMware vCenter Operations Manager Getting Started Guide provides information about using VMware
vCenter™ Operations Manager to monitor your virtual environment.
Intended Audience
This guide is intended for administrators of VMware vSphere who want to familiarize themselves with
workflow tasks to monitor and manage the performance of the vCenter Operations Manager virtual
environment.
®
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VMware vCenter Operations Manager Getting Started Guide
6 VMware, Inc.
Introducing Key Features and
Concepts 1
vCenter Operations Managerprovides monitoring functionality for your virtual environment. Understanding
important features and concepts of vCenter Operations Manager helps you use the product effectively.
This chapter includes the following topics:
n
“vCenter Operations Manager Features,” on page 7
n
“Main Concepts of vCenter Operations Manager,” on page 8
n
“Metric Concepts for vCenter Operations Manager,” on page 9
vCenter Operations Manager Features
vCenter Operations Manager collects performance data from each object at every level of your virtual
environment, from individual virtual machines and disk drives to entire clusters and datacenters. It stores and
analyzes the data, and uses that analysis to provide real-time information about problems, or potential
problems, anywhere in your virtual environment.
vCenter Operations Manager works with existing VMware products to add the following functions:
n
Combines key metrics into single scores for environmental health and efficiency and capacity risk.
n
Calculates the range of normal behavior for every metric and highlights abnormalities. Adjusts the
dynamic thresholds as incoming data allows it to better define the normal values for a metric.
n
Presents graphical representations of current and historical states of your entire virtual environment or
selected parts of it.
n
Displays information about changes in the hierarchy of your virtual environment. For example, when a
virtual machine is moved to a different ESX host, you can see how these changes affect the performance
of the objects involved.
n
Allows you to define "group" containers to organize monitored objects in accordance with the structure
of your environment.
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VMware vCenter Operations Manager Getting Started Guide
Main Concepts of vCenter Operations Manager
vCenter Operations Manager uses certain concepts that can help you understand the product, its interface,
and how to use it.
Attributes and Metrics
vCenter Operations Manager collects several kinds of data for each inventory object. For example, for a virtual
machine, vCenter Operations Manager might receive data about free disk space, CPU load, and available
memory. Each type of data that vCenter Operations Manager collects is called an attribute. An instance of an
attribute for a specific inventory object is called a metric. For example, free memory for a specific virtual
machine is a metric.
For each metric, vCenter Operations Manager collects and stores multiple readings over time. For example,
the vCenter Operations Manager server polls for information about the CPU load for each virtual machine
once every five minutes. Each piece of data that vCenter Operations Manager collects is called a metric value.
Dynamic Thresholds
vCenter Operations Manager defines dynamic thresholds for every metric based on the current and historical
values of the metric. The normal range of values for a metric can differ on different days at different times
because of regular cycles of use and behavior. vCenter Operations Manager tracks these normal value cycles
and sets the dynamic thresholds accordingly. High metric values that are normal at one time might indicate
potential problems at other times. For example, high CPU use on Friday afternoons, when weekly reports are
generated, is normal. The same value on Sunday morning, when nobody is at the office, might indicate a
problem.
vCenter Operations Manager continuously adjusts the dynamic thresholds. The new incoming data allows
vCenter Operations Manager to better define what value is normal for a metric. The dynamic thresholds add
context to metrics that allows vCenter Operations Manager to distinguish between normal and abnormal
behavior.
Dynamic thresholds eliminate the need for the manual effort required to configure hard thresholds for
hundreds or thousands of metrics. More importantly, they are more accurate than hard thresholds. Dynamic
thresholds allow vCenter Operations Manager to detect deviations based on the actual normal behavior of an
object and not on an arbitrary set of limits.
The analytics algorithms take seven days to calculate the initial values for dynamic thresholds. Dynamic
thresholds appear as line segments under the bar graphs for use metrics on the Details page and on the
Scoreboard page. The length and the position of the dynamic threshold line segment depends on the calculated
normal values for the selected use metrics. Dynamic thresholds also appear as shaded gray areas of the use
metrics graphs on the All Metrics page.
Hard Thresholds
Unlike dynamic thresholds, hard thresholds are fixed values that you enter to define what is normal behaviour
for an object. These arbitrary values do not change over time unless you change them manually. You cannot
fix hard thresholds with vCenter Operations Manager.
Key Performance Indicators
vCenter Operations Manager defines attributes that are critical to the performance of an object as key
performance indicators (KPI). KPI are weighted more heavily in the calculations that determine the health of
an object. Graphs of KPI performance appear before other metrics in several areas of the product.
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Chapter 1 Introducing Key Features and Concepts
Alerts and Faults
vCenter Operations Manager generates alerts when events occur on the monitored objects, when data analysis
indicates deviations from normal metric values, or when a problem occurs with one of the
vCenter Operations Manager components.
Events that the vCenter Serverpublishes are the main source for faults. These events might originate in the
vCenter Server itself, or ESX servers might generate them and the vCenter Server publishes them externally.
Only a subset of vCenter events are considered as important for fault generation.
Metric Concepts for vCenter Operations Manager
Preparing to monitor your environment with vCenter Operations Manager involves some familiarity with
metrics that help you to identify a problem.
vCenter Server presents a use-based model of metrics. vCenter Operations Manager presents a demand-based
model of metrics. Some knowledge of the metrics that affect the data and graphs is useful to determine what
to do next in a workflow.
Table 1-1. Major Metric Concepts
Metric Description
Provisioned Amount of a resource that the user configures.
The provisioned metric might apply to the amount of
physical memory for a host or the number of vCPUs for a
virtual machine.
Usable Actual amount of a resource that the object can use.
The usable amount is less than or equal to the provisioned
amount. The difference between the provisioned amount
and usable amount stems from virtualization overhead. This
overhead might include the memory that an ESX host uses
to run the host, to support reservations for virtual machines,
and to add a buffer for high availability.
The usable metric does not apply to virtual machines.
Usage Amount of a resource that an object consumes.
The usage amount is less than or equal to the usable amount.
Demand Amount of a physical resource that the object might consume
without any existing constraints.
An object becomes constrained because of underprovisioning or contention with other consumers of the
resource. A virtual machine might require 10GB of memory
but can only get 5GB because the virtual machine must share
resources with other virtual machines on the host.
When the demand amount is less than the usage amount, the
environment might have wasted resources. When the
demand amount is greater than the usage amount, the
environment might incur latency and exhibit decreased
performance.
Contention Difference between the amount of the resource that the object
requires and the amount of the resource that the object gets.
This metric measures the effect of conflict for a resource
between consumers. Contention measures latency or the
amount of time it takes to gain access to a resource. This
measurement accounts for dropped packets for networking.
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VMware vCenter Operations Manager Getting Started Guide
Table 1-1. Major Metric Concepts (Continued)
Metric Description
Limit Maximum amount that an object can obtain from a resource.
Reservation Guaranteed amount of resources for an object.
Entitlement Amount of a resource that a virtual machine can use based
The limit sets the upper bound for CPU, memory, or disk I/O
resources that you allocate and configure in vCenter Server.
The usage amount is less than or equal to the limit amount.
The demand amount can be greater than the limit amount.
The limit amount is less than or equal to the provisioned
amount.
The default limit amount is unlimited.
Rules: Usage <= Limit
Demand can be greater than Limit .
The object does not start without this reserved amount. The
default amount is 0.
on the relative priority of that consumer set by the
virtualization configuration.
This metric is a function of provisioned, limit, reservation,
shares, and demand. Shares involve proportional weighting
that indicates the importance of a virtual machine.
The entitlement amount is less than or equal to the limit
amount.
The entitlement metric applies only to virtual machines.
Rules: Entitlement <= Limit <= Provisioned
Entitlement >= Reservations
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Beginning to Monitor the Virtual
Environment 2
To use vCenter Operations Manager to monitor your virtual environment, you must understand the icons,
badges, and key metric concepts used in the product.
This chapter includes the following topics:
n
“Object Type Icons in the Inventory Pane,” on page 11
n
“Badge Concepts for vCenter Operations Manager,” on page 12
n
“Major Badges in vCenter Operations Manager,” on page 12
n
“Working with Metrics and Charts on the All Metrics Tab,” on page 21
Object Type Icons in the Inventory Pane
All objects that vCenter Operations Manager monitors are listed in the inventory pane.
vCenter Operations Manager uses specific icons so that you can distinguish between virtual machines, ESX
hosts, and other objects in the inventory.
Table 2-1. Object Type Icons
Icon Description
World
The World object is a logical container for all monitored
objects in vCenter Operations Manager.
vCenter Server system
Datacenter
Cluster
ESX host that is in powered-off state
ESX host that is in powered-on state
Datastore
Virtual machine that is in powered-off state
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VMware vCenter Operations Manager Getting Started Guide
Table 2-1. Object Type Icons (Continued)
Icon Description
Virtual machine that is in powered-on state
Custom group created by vCenter Operations Manager or by
administrators
By default, objects in the inventory pane are grouped by hosts and clusters. You can select Datastores from
the drop-down menu at the top of the inventory pane to switch the way objects are grouped.
Badge Concepts for vCenter Operations Manager
vCenter Operations Manager uses badges to illustrate derived metrics to provide an overview of the state of
the virtual environment or an individual object. These badges serve as focus points to narrow the scope of a
potential problem and provide details about the cause of the problem.
vCenter Operations Manager provides major and minor badges that are color coded and range from a healthy
green to a potentially problematic yellow, orange, or red. Badges are organized in a simple hierarchy in which
the scores of minor badges contribute to the scores of major badges.
Scores might reflect a healthy state or a potential problem depending on the type of badge. For example, low
scores for health, time remaining, and capacity remaining might indicate potential problems, while low scores
for faults, stress, or anomalies indicate a normal state.
You can use the Dashboard tab for an overview of the performance and condition of your virtual infrastructure.
The information you see on the Dashboard tab depends on the object you select in the navigation tree. See
“Object Type Icons in the Inventory Pane,” on page 11.
You can expand the panes on the Dashboard to view information about a specific badge. You can also doubleclick badges to view details about the metrics that affect badge scores.
Major Badges in vCenter Operations Manager
vCenter Operations Manager generates major badges that start a workflow and help you to identify health,
capacity risk, and efficiency issues.
Each major badge contains minor badges. vCenter Operations Manager calculates major badges based on the
state of the minor badges.
Using Health to Measure the Overall State of the Environment
The vCenter Operations Manager Health badge serves as the first high-level indicator of the state of the virtual
environment.
The Health badge indicates immediate problems that might require your attention. It helps you identify the
current health of your system. vCenter Operations Manager combines workload, anomalies, and faults to
assess the overall health and to determine whether the workload level is expected in that environment. A low
health score might indicate a potential problem.
vCenter Operations Manager calculates the Health score by using the scores of the sub-badges that the Health
badge contains. Faults are given precedence in the Health score because they describe existing problems, while
Workload and Anomalies are combined to identify performance problems. This approach ensures that the
score of the Health badge reflects the actual state of the object, without exaggerating or underestimating
problems.
The Health score ranges between 0 (bad) and 100 (good). The badge changes its color based on the badge score
thresholds that are set by the vCenter Operations Manager administrator.
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Chapter 2 Beginning to Monitor the Virtual Environment
Table 2-2. Object Health States
Badge Icon Description User Action
The health of the object is
normal.
The object is experiencing some
level of problems.
The object might have serious
problems.
The object is either not
functioning properly or will stop
functioning soon.
No data is available.
The object is offline.
No attention required.
Check the Details tab and take
appropriate action.
Check the Details tab and take
appropriate action as soon as
possible.
Check the Details tab to identify
the most probable cause of the
problem and act immediately.
A vCenter Operations Manager administrator can change the badge score thresholds. For example, a green
Health badge can indicate a score above 80 instead of 75, as set by default.
The Health Weather Map
The Health Weather Map displays the health status of all the objects related to the object that you have selected
in the inventory pane.
The Health Weather Map is available for all objects in the inventory except virtual machines. For virtual
machines, vCenter Operations Manager displays a Health Trend graph.
Each square in the Weather Map represents a related object, directly or indirectly connected to the selected
object. For example, if you selected an ESX host in the inventory pane, the number of squares in the Health
Weather Map equals the sum of all virtual machines and datastores under this ESX host plus the Datacenter,
vCenter Server, and the World object that are above the ESX host in the inventory pane. The squares in the
Health Weather Map are not sized, so there is no visible correspondence between object types in the inventory
and the squares in the map. You can use the Health Weather Map for a quick overview of the current condition
and how it has changed during the past 6 hours. If you notice a red or yellow square, you can click it to navigate
to the Details tab of the object that corresponds to this square, and view more information about its health.
By default, the Health Weather Map displays the current badge values. You can click the time line in the bottom
of the map to switch to earlier periods.
NOTE Selecting an earlier time period that is one or more hours away from the current moment displays the
condition of the monitored system as it was on the hour. For example, if the current time is 3:15 p.m. and you
click -1, vCenter Operations Manager displays the Health Weather Map for 3:00 p.m. If you click -2,
vCenter Operations Manager displays the Health Weather Map for 2:00 p.m.
Using the Workload Badge Under the Health Badge
The vCenter Operations Manager Workload badge measures how hard an object must work for resources. A
workload score of 0 indicates that a resource is not being used and a score that approaches or exceeds 100 might
cause performance problems.
Workload is an absolute measurement that calculates the demand for a resource divided by the capacity of an
object. Resources might include CPU, memory, disk I/O, or network I/O.
The Workload score ranges from 0 (good) to over 100 (bad). The badge changes its color based on the badge
score thresholds that are set by the vCenter Operations Manager administrator.
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Table 2-3. Object Workload States
Badge Icon Description User Action
Workload on the object is not
excessive.
The object is experiencing some
high resource workloads.
Workload on the object is
approaching its capacity in at
least one area.
Workload on the object is at or
over its capacity in one or more
areas.
No data is available.
No attention required.
1 At the upper right of the
Health tab, click the View
details icon to open the
VMware vCenter Operations
Manager user interface.
2 Check the Details tab to
identify which resources
experience abnormal
workload.
1 At the upper right of the
Health tab, click the View
details icon to open the
VMware vCenter Operations
Manager user interface.
2 Check the Details tab to
identify which resources are
limited, and take appropriate
action as soon as possible.
1 At the upper right of the
Health tab, click the View
details icon to open the
VMware vCenter Operations
Manager user interface.
2 Check the Details tab to
identify which resources are
exhausted. Act immediately
to avoid or correct problems.
The object is offline.
A vCenter Operations Manager administrator can change the badge score thresholds. For example, a green
Workload badge can indicate a score below 80 instead of 85, as set by default.
Using the Anomalies Badge Under the Health Badge
The vCenter Operations Manager Anomalies badge measures the extent of abnormal behavior for an object
based on historical metrics data. A high number of anomalies might indicate a potential issue.
A low Anomalies score indicates that an object is behaving in accordance with its established historical
parameters. Most or all of the object metrics, especially its KPIs, are within their thresholds. Because changes
in behavior often indicate developing problems, if the metrics of an object go outside the calculated thresholds,
the anomalies score for the object grows. As more metrics breach the thresholds, anomalies continue to increase.
Violations by KPI metrics increase the Anomalies score more than violations by non-KPI metrics. A high
number of anomalies usually indicates a problem or at least a situation that requires your attention.
Anomalies involves the number of statistics that fall outside of the expected behavior trends while Workload
involves an absolute measurement of how hard an object works for resources. Both Anomalies and Workload
are useful when attempting to find a probable cause and troubleshooting performance problems.
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Chapter 2 Beginning to Monitor the Virtual Environment
The Anomalies score ranges between 0 (good) and 100 (bad). The badge changes its color based on the badge
score thresholds that are set by the vCenter Operations Manager administrator.
Table 2-4. Object Anomalies States
Badge Icon Description User Action
The Anomalies score is normal. No attention required.
The Anomalies score exceeds the
normal range.
The Anomalies score is very
high.
Most of the metrics are beyond
their thresholds. This object
might not be working properly
or might stop working soon.
No data is available.
The object is offline.
Check the Details tab to identify
what causes the abnormal
number of anomalies, and take
appropriate action.
Check the Details tab to identify
the cause of the abnormal
behaviour, and take appropriate
action as soon as possible.
Check the Details tab, and act
immediately to avoid or correct
problems.
A vCenter Operations Manager administrator can change the badge score thresholds. For example, a green
Anomalies badge can indicate a score below 60 instead of 50, as set be default.
Using the Faults Badge Under the Health Badge
The Faults badge measures the degree of problems that the object might experience based on events retrieved
from the vCenter Server.
The events that might generate faults include the loss of redundancy in NICs or HBAs, memory checksum
errors, high availability failover, or Common Information Model (CIM) events, which require your immediate
attention.
NOTE vCenter Operations Manager calculates the Faults score for the World object by using the Faults scores
of the vCenter Server systems, the ESX hosts and clusters, and the datastores that belong to the World inventory.
Therefore, if you have one vCenter Server with a Faults score of 100 and another vCenter Server with a Faults
score of 0, this might not necessarily result in a Faults score of 50 for the World object. The final Faults score
for the World object also depends on the number of datastores, ESX hosts and clusters in the environment, and
the Fault scores of these objects.
Fault scores of virtual machines are not taken into account when calculating the Faults score for the World
object.
While the Faults score ranges between 0 to 100, the badge changes color based on the badge score thresholds
that are set by the vCenter Operations Manager administrator. For example, a green Faults badge can indicate
a score below 40 instead of a score below 25 (the system default).
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Table 2-5. Object Faults States
Badge Icon Description User Action
No faults are registered on the
selected object.
Faults of low importance are
registered on the selected object.
Faults of high importance are
registered on the selected object.
Faults of critical importance are
registered on the selected object.
No data is available.
The object is offline.
No attention required.
Check the Details tab to find more
information and take appropriate
action.
Check the Details tab to find more
information about the reported
faults, and take appropriate
action as soon as possible.
Check the Details tab to find more
information about the reported
faults, and act immediately to
avoid or correct problems.
While the Faults score ranges between 0 to 100, the badge changes color based on the badge score thresholds
that are set by the vCenter Operations Manager administrator. For example, a green Faults badge can indicate
a score below 40 instead of a score below 25 (the system default).
Defining Risk to Assess Future Problems in vCenter Operations Manager
The vCenter Operations Manager Risk badge indicates a potential performance problem in the near future that
might affect the virtual environment.
Risk involves the time remaining, capacity remaining, and stress factors that account for the time buffer,
remaining virtual machines, and degree of habitual high workload.
vCenter Operations Manager calculates the risk score using the scores of the sub-badges that the Risk badge
contains. The formula that is applied to calculate the risk score is inverse geometric weighted mean.
The overall risk score for an object ranges between 0 (no risk) to 100 (serious risk). The badge changes its color
based on the badge score thresholds that are set by the vCenter Operations Manager administrator.
Table 2-6. Object Risk States
Badge Icon Description User Action
The selected object has no
current problems. No problems
are expected in the future.
A low chance of future problems
exists or a potential problem
might occur in the far future.
A chance of a more serious
problem exists or a problem
might occur in the medium-term
future.
The chances of a serious future
problem are high or a problem
might occur in the near future.
No attention required.
Navigate to the Scoreboard tab to
check which resources are likely
to exhaust and plan for
appropriate actions.
Navigate to the Scoreboard tab to
check which resources are close to
exhausting and take appropriate
actions as soon as possible.
Navigate to the Scoreboard tab in
to check which resources are
exhausted and act immediately to
resolve or prevent problems.
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Chapter 2 Beginning to Monitor the Virtual Environment
Table 2-6. Object Risk States (Continued)
Badge Icon Description User Action
No data is available.
The object is offline.
Using the Time Remaining Badge Under the Risk Badge
The vCenter Operations Manager Time Remaining badge measures the time before a resource associated with
an object reaches capacity. This badge indicates the available timeframe to provision or load balance the
physical or virtual resources for a selected object.
vCenter Operations Manager calculates the Time Remaining score as a percentage of time that is remaining
for each compute resource compared to the provisioning buffer you set in the Configuration dialog box. By
default, the Time Remaining score provisioning buffer is 30 days. If even one of the compute resources has less
capacity than the provisioned buffer, the Time Remaining score is 0.
For example, if the provisioning buffer is set to 30 days, and the object that you selected has CPU resources for
81 days, memory resources for 5 days, disk I/O resources for 200 days, and network I/O resources for more
than one year, the Time Remaining score is 0, because one of the resources has capacity for less than 30 days.
The Time Remaining score ranges between 0 (bad) and 100 (good). The badge changes its color based on the
badge score thresholds that are set by the vCenter Operations Manager administrator.
Table 2-7. Time Remaining States
Badge Icon Description User Action
The number of days that remain
is much higher than the score
provisioning buffer you
specified.
The number of days that remain
is higher than the score
provisioning buffer, but is less
than two times the buffer you
specified.
The number of days that remain
is higher than the score
provisioning buffer, but
approaches the buffer you
specified.
The number of days that remain
is lower than the score
provisioning buffer you
specified. The selected object
might have exhausted some of
its resources or will exhaust
them soon.
No data is available for the Time
Remaining score.
No attention required.
Check and take appropriate
action.
Check and take appropriate
action as soon as possible.
Act immediately.
The object is offline.
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Using the Capacity Remaining Badge Under the Risk Badge
The vCenter Operations Manager Capacity Remaining badge measures the number of additional virtual
machines that the object can handle before reaching capacity.
The remaining virtual machines count represents the number of virtual machines that can be deployed on the
selected object, based on the current amount of unused resources and the average virtual machine profile for
the last "n" weeks. The remaining virtual machines count is a function of the same compute resources of CPU,
Mem, Disk I/O, Net I/O, and Disk Space that are used to calculate the Time Remaining score.
vCenter Operations Manager calculates the Capacity Remaining score as a percentage of the remaining virtual
machines count compared to the total number of virtual machines that can be deployed on the selected object.
The Capacity Remaining score ranges between 0 (bad) and 100 (good). The badge changes its color based on
the badge score thresholds that are set by the vCenter Operations Manager administrator.
Table 2-8. Object Capacity States
Icon Description User Action
No attention required.
Check and take appropriate action.
Check and take appropriate action as soon as
possible.
Act immediately.
No data is available for any
of the metrics for the time
period.
The object is offline.
Using the Stress Badge Under the Risk Badge
The vCenter Operations Manager Stress badge measures a long-term workload that might involve undersized
virtual machines or ESX hosts or an excessive number of virtual machines. These conditions might generate
performance problems over time.
While workload is based on an instantaneous value, stress measures statistics over a longer period of time.
The Stress score helps you identify hosts and virtual machines that do not have enough resources allocated,
or hosts that are running too many virtual machines. A high Stress score does not imply a current performance
problem, but highlights potential for future performance problems.
The Stress score ranges between 0 (good) and 100 (bad). The badge changes its color based on the badge score
thresholds that are set by the vCenter Operations Manager administrator.
Table 2-9. Stress States
Badge Icon Description User Action
The Stress score is normal. No attention required.
Some of the object resources are
not enough to meet the
demands.
18 VMware, Inc.
Check and take appropriate
action.
Chapter 2 Beginning to Monitor the Virtual Environment
Table 2-9. Stress States (Continued)
Badge Icon Description User Action
The object is experiencing
regular resource shortage.
Most of the resources on the
object are constantly
insufficient. The object might
stop functioning properly.
No data is available for the Stress
score.
The object is offline.
Check and take appropriate
action as soon as possible.
Act immediately.
The Compliance Badge
The Compliance badge value is based on the results of compliance templates that are run in
vCenter Configuration Manager and are pulled into vCenter Operations Manager to contribute to the Risk
badge calculation.
The Compliance badge value is a score based on one or more compliance templates that you run in VCM
against the data collected from vCenter Server, datacenter, cluster, host system, virtual machine objects that
are managed by vCenter Operations Manager and by VCM. The scores are calculated based on configured
VCM settings.
A VCM compliance template comprises one or more rules that define the configuration standards for different
object groups or all your objects. A rule is defined with one or more conditions that are run against objects to
determine if the configuration meets the required standards. The success or failure of the conditions determines
whether the rule is successful or unsuccessful. The compliance templates are not run against each object, but
are run against the collected configuration data for each object.
The Compliance score ranges from 0 (completely non-compliant) to 100 (completely compliant). The color of
the badge changes based on the badge score thresholds that are set by the vCenter Operations Manager
administrator.
Table 2-10. Object Compliance States
Badge Icon Description User Action
The object is in compliance with the
defined standards.
The object is not as compliant as you
would like based on the default values
you defined.
The object is seriously out of
compliance.
The object is non-compliant. 1 Click the Compliance badge.
No data is available for any of the
templates.
The object is offline.
No attention required.
1 Click the Compliance badge.
2 Check the template scores and take
appropriate action.
1 Click the Compliance badge.
2 Check the template scores and take
appropriate action as soon as
possible.
2 Act immediately to correct non-
compliant states based on template
results.
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Defining Efficiency to Optimize the Environment
The vCenter Operations Manager Efficiency badge identifies the potential opportunities to improve the
performance or cost of your virtual environment.
Efficiency accounts for the waste and infrastructure density in your environment. A large amount of wasted
resources combined with a low density ratio generates a poor efficiency score.
The Efficiency score ranges between 0 (bad) and 100 (good). The badge changes its color based on the badge
score thresholds that are set by the vCenter Operations Manager administrator.
Table 2-11. Object Efficiency States
Badge Icon Description User Action
The resource use on the selected
object is optimal.
The efficiency is good, but can be
improved. Some resources are
not fully used.
The resources on the selected
object are not used in the most
optimal way.
The efficiency is bad. Many
resources are wasted.
No data is available.
The object is offline.
No attention required.
1 On the Planning tab, click
2 Use the views that are
1 On the Planning tab, click
2 Use the views that are
1 On the Planning tab, click
2 Try optimizing the resource
Using the Reclaimable Waste Badge Under the Efficiency Badge
Views.
available for the selected
object to identify underused
resources.
Views.
available for the selected
object to identify underused
resources.
Views.
use to avoid resource waste.
The vCenter Operations Manager Reclaimable Waste badge accounts for resource types such as CPU, memory,
or disk, and measures the extent of excessive provisioning for an object. It also identifies the amount of
resources that you can reclaim and provision to other objects in your virtual environment.
The Reclaimable Waste score ranges between 0 (good) and 100 (bad). The badge changes its color based on the
badge score thresholds that are set by the vCenter Operations Manager administrator.
Table 2-12. Reclaimable Waste States
Badge Icon Description User Action
No resources are wasted on the
selected object.
Some resource can be used
better.
Many resources are underused. Select Planning > Views to
20 VMware, Inc.
No attention required.
Select Planning > Views to
identify underused resources.
identify underused resources.
Chapter 2 Beginning to Monitor the Virtual Environment
Table 2-12. Reclaimable Waste States (Continued)
Badge Icon Description User Action
Most of the resources on the
selected object are wasted.
No data is available for any of
the metrics for the time period.
The object is offline.
Select Planning > Views to
identify underused resources.
A vCenter Operations Manager administrator can change the badge score thresholds. For example, a green
badge can indicate a score below 50 instead of 75, as set by default.
Using the Density Badge Under the Efficiency Badge
The vCenter Operations Manager Density badge measures consolidation ratios to assess cost savings. You can
assess the behavior and performance of a virtual machine and related applications to maximize the
consolidation ratio without affecting the performance or service level agreements.
The density score is the ratio of the actual density to an ideal density based on the demand, the amount of
virtual capacity, and the amount of physical usable capacity. Density calculates the amount of resources that
you can provision before contention or conflict for a resource occurs between objects. The ratios account for
the number of virtual machines to host, the number of virtual CPUs to physical CPU, and the amount of virtual
memory to physical memory.
The Density score ranges between 0 (bad) and 100 (good). The badge changes its color based on the badge
score thresholds that are set by the vCenter Operations Manager administrator.
Table 2-13. Object Density States
Badge Icon Description User Action
The resource consolidation is
good.
Some resources are not fully
consolidated.
The consolidation for many
resources is low.
The resource consolidation is
extremely low.
No data is available for any of
the metrics for the time period.
The object is offline.
No attention required.
Select Planning > Views to
identify resource consolidation
opportunities.
Select Planning > Views to
identify resource consolidation
opportunities.
Select Planning > Views to
identify resource consolidation
opportunities.
A vCenter Operations Manager administrator can change the badge score thresholds. For example, a green
Density badge can indicate a score above 40 instead of 25, as set by default.
Working with Metrics and Charts on the All Metrics Tab
You can check the location of an object in the hierarchy and select metrics to view graphs of their historic values
for a period you define.
You can use the panes on the All Metrics tab under the Operations tab to search metrics and view metric
graphs.
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The Health Tree Pane
The Health Tree pane displays the location of the currently selected object in the hierarchy of your virtual
infrastructure. You can check all parent and child objects related to the currently selected object.
For example, the sample hierarchy shows the parent and child objects in the virtual infrastructure. The red
icon indicates a presence of a potential problem in the vCenter Server object. You can investigate the probable
cause of the problem from the Dashboard tab.
The Metric Selector Pane
The Metric Selector pane contains a list of all metric groups that are applicable to the currently selected object.
Metric groups contain all the metrics that are applicable to the currently selected object. The list of available
metrics is updated depending on the object you selected in the Health Tree pane.
The Search text box allows you find metrics using part of their names and filter the search results by metric
groups, instances or metric types.
For example, if you type % in the Search text box and select Metric from the drop-down menu, the search result
contains only metrics that are calculated as percentage.
The Metric Chart Pane
The Metric Chart pane displays the graphs of the metrics you select from the Metric Selector pane. You can
view as many graphs as you want. You can control the appearance of metric graphs and create screenshots by
using the buttons in the Metric Chart pane.
Health Tree Pane Buttons
In the All Metrics tab under the Operations tab, you can use the buttons of the Health Tree pane to control
the appearance of monitored objects in the health tree.
Button Tooltip Icon Description
Zoom to fit Resizes the view so all related objects fit in the health tree area. All previous zoom operations
are discarded.
Enter pan mode Allows you to pan the health tree.
Show values on point Enables metric value tooltips so that they appear when you point the graph with the mouse
pointer.
Enter zoom mode Allows you to enlarge sections of the health tree by drawing rectangles to enclose the area
to enlarge.
Zoom in Enlarges the middle of the health tree by one level.
Zoom out Reduces the middle of the health tree by one level.
Reset to initial object Reset the Health Tree pane to the original view for the selected object..
22 VMware, Inc.
Chapter 2 Beginning to Monitor the Virtual Environment
Metric Chart Pane Buttons
On the All Metrics page, you can use the buttons of the Metric Chart pane to customize the appearance of
charts, and add or delete charts.
Global Control Buttons
These buttons control the appearance of all graphs that you open in the Metric Chart pane.
Button Tooltip Icon Description
Separate graphs by period Splits the current metrics graph in separate graphs by periods based on your selection
in the time and date widget.
Show/hide Y-axis Displays or hides the Y axis of the graph to display metric values.
Show/hide metric line Displays or hides the line that connects the data points in the metric graph.
Show/hide trend line Displays or hides the line that represents the trend of the currently selected metric in
the graph.
Show 24-hour dynamic
thresholds
Show entire period dynamic
thresholds
Show/hide anomalies Displays or hides the anomalies that occurred during the selected period in the graph.
Displays or hides the calculated dynamic threshold values for a 24-hour period in the
graph.
Displays or hides the calculated dynamic threshold values for the entire monitoring
period in the graph.
Retrieve complete metric
values
Enable X-axis zoom Allows you to enlarge the selected area of the graph only on the X axis while the Y
Enable Y-axis zoom Allows you to enlarge the selected area of the graph only on the Y axis while the X
Zoom to fit Resizes the charts so the entire graphs for all selected periods fit in the chart area. All
Zoom Y-axis to dynamic
thresholds
Compress Y-axis Shortens the graph.
Zoom all graphs together Resizes all metric graphs that are open in the Metric Chart pane.
Enter zoom mode Enables resizing of the metric graphs on both axis Y and axis X.
Enter pan mode When in zoom mode, allows you to drag the enlarged section of the graph around to
Show value on point Enables metric value tooltips so that they appear when you point the graph with the
Refresh Reloads all graphs in the Metric Chart.
In zoom mode, displays the values of the selected metric when you move the mouse
pointer over the graph.
axis remains static.
axis remains static.
previous zooms are discarded.
Resizes the Y axis of the metric chart so that the highest and the lowest values on the
axis are the highest and the lowest values of the dynamic threshold calculated for this
metric.
view higher, lower, earlier, or later values of the metric.
mouse pointer.
Turn auto refresh on/off Activates or deactivates the auto refresh option for metric charts.
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VMware vCenter Operations Manager Getting Started Guide
Button Tooltip Icon Description
Open date/time controls Opens the date and time widget for you to select the period to display on the metric
graph.
Remove all graphs Deletes all graphs from the Metric Chart pane.
Chart-Specific Buttons
These buttons control the specific chart to which they are attached. Some chart-specific buttons are available
only when you view graphs split by period.
Button Tooltip Icon Description
Move up When multiple graphs are open in the Metric Chart pane, this button moves the selected
graph one place up. Available only for split graphs view.
Move down When multiple graphs are open in the Metric Chart pane, this button moves the selected
graph one place down. Available only for split graphs view.
Save a snapshot Creates a real-size snapshot of the selected graph and opens a File Download window for
you to open or save the PNG file.
Save a full screen
snapshot
Download comma
separated data
Close Deletes the selected graph from the Metric Chart pane. Available only for split graphs view.
Creates an enlarged snapshot of the selected graph and opens a File Download window for
you to open or save the PNG file.
Creates a comma separated values file with the metric data for the selected graph and opens
a File Download window for you to open or save the CSV file. Available only for split graphs
view.
24 VMware, Inc.
Viewing Members and Relationships
in the Monitored Environment 3
The Environment tab allows you to look at the objects in your virtual environment from different perspectives.
The Overview Tab
The Overview tab provides a visual representation of the population of your virtual environment by object
types. You can click objects to highlight their related parent and child objects. You can compare the scores of
related objects to narrow down the possible causes for a bad badge score.
For example, if the Health badge of an ESX host is red, but the health badge of its parent cluster is green, the
problem is either with the host itself, or with the virtual machines that run on that host. If the Health badges
of one or two virtual machines are red, these virtual machines might be causing the problem on the ESX host.
Therefore, you must check these virtual machines first. If the Health badges of all virtual machines are red, the
host system is experiencing hardware problems or cannot meet the demands of the virtual machines that run
on it.
The Scoreboard Tab
On the Scoreboard tab, you can view a population of data across multiple metrics dimensions to get a quick
glance overview of where and why problems exist. Scoreboards are useful for any object that has a population,
including group objects.
On the Scoreboard tab, you can compare the badge values of child objects of the currently selected object. For
example, you can use the Scoreboard tab to compare objects and analyze the current distribution and
availability of resources in your virtual environment.
The Members Tab
On the Members tab, you can vew a list of all objects under the currently selected object or group. In addition
to the names of objects and their parents, the list displays information about the policy that is assigned to each
object.
The Relationships Tab
The Relationships tab displays application related information provided by VMware vCenter Infrastructure
Navigator. You can view the relationship graph and object properties of the selected object and its related
objects.
This chapter includes the following topics:
n
“Check the Performance of Your Virtual Environment,” on page 26
n
“Balancing the Resources in Your Virtual Environment,” on page 26
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VMware vCenter Operations Manager Getting Started Guide
n
“Find an ESX Host that Has Resources for More Virtual Machines,” on page 27
n
“Find a Cluster that Has Resources Available for More Virtual Machines,” on page 28
n
“Ranking the Health, Risk, and Efficiency Scores,” on page 28
n
“View the Compliance Details,” on page 29
n
“View a List of Members,” on page 31
n
“Overview of Relationships,” on page 31
Check the Performance of Your Virtual Environment
On the Overview tab under the Environment tab, you can check the performance of your virtual infrastructure
to identify objects with potential performance problems.
You can check the performance of all objects on the vCenter Server that you added for monitoring in
vCenter Operations Manager.
Prerequisites
Verify that you are logged in to a vSphere Client, and that vCenter Operations Manager is open.
Procedure
1 On the Environment tab, click Overview, and click the badge that you want to inspect.
Option Description
Health (default)
Workload
Anomalies
Faults
Click to check the Health scores of all monitored objects.
Click to check the Workload scores of all monitored objects.
Click to check the Anomalies scores for all monitored objects.
Click to check the Faults scores for all monitored objects.
The states of all objects for the metric you selected appear in the Environment tab as colored badges.
2 (Optional) To filter objects by state, use the Status Filter buttons in the upper right of the Overview tab.
What to do next
How you proceed depends on your findings of the performance in your virtual environment.
Balancing the Resources in Your Virtual Environment
You can get an overview of where and why problems exist in your virtual environment, and how the resources
are distributed among objects.
On the Scoreboard tab under the Environment tab, you can compare the performance and available resources
of all child objects of the currently selected object, and look for answers to the following questions.
n
What is the current distribution and availability of resources in my virtual environment?
n
Which hosts have the resources to accommodate new virtual machines?
n
Which hosts require load balancing? Can I move virtual machines from an overloaded host to a less loaded
host?
n
Which child objects have the highest and the lowest scores for health, workload, anomalies, and faults?
26 VMware, Inc.
Chapter 3 Viewing Members and Relationships in the Monitored Environment
The Custom Overview Chart
The Custom Overview chart is a bubble chart that allows you to compare objects by their badge values. By
using the Custom Overview chart, you can draw better inferences from the data that
vCenter Operations Manager collects.
The chart presents data by four dimensions, using the following variables: color, size, x-axis, and y-axis. The
value that is represented by each variable depends on the selection in the View drop-down menu. When
Health, Risk, or Efficiency is selected in the View drop-down menu, the values for color, size, x-axis, and yaxis are populated automatically and cannot be modified. You can specify your own values only when
Custom is selected in the View drop-down menu.
You can use the buttons above the Custom Overview chart to filter objects by type and badge status. Filtering
allows you to slice the problem and narrow down the objects that are experiencing the problem to a certain
degree.
The Members List
The Members list displays details for all objects that are visualized in the Custom Overview chart. This list is
filtered based on the criteria that you specify for the Custom Overview chart. The columns contain object name,
type, and spark lines for all badges related to the object. At the end of each spark line, the latest known value
for the badge is displayed as a numeric label.
You can click objects in the Members list to highlight them in the Custom Overview chart, and you can click
objects in the Custom Overview chart to highlight them in the Members list.
The procedure that you must follow when searching for a host that can accommodate a new virtual machine
depends on the use of Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS) on the vCenter Server.
Find an ESX Host that Has Resources for More Virtual Machines
If a vCenter Server host does not use Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS), you can use the Scoreboard tab
to check the available resources on the ESX hosts in a cluster and make decisions on moving virtual machines
in your virtual infrastructure.
Prerequisites
Verify that you are logged in to a vSphere Client, and that vCenter Operations Manager is open.
Procedure
1 In the inventory view, click the datacenter or cluster that contains the ESX host that you want to assess.
2 On the Scoreboard tab, select Health from the View drop-down menu.
The colored bubbles in the Custom Overview chart represent the health scores for all object in the
datacenter that are online. The workload is represented by the X-axis.
The objects with highest workload appear to the right on the X-axis.
3 (Optional) To filter object types out of the Custom Overview chart, click their icons.
4 In the Custom Overview chart, click the bubble for a host that you think might accommodate more virtual
machines.
Usually, this should be the ESX host that is situated closer to the Y-axis.
The name of the host becomes highlighted in the Members List pane.
5 In the Members List pane, click the host name to open its Details tab.
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VMware vCenter Operations Manager Getting Started Guide
6 On the Details tab, review the Resources pane and the Workload graphs to assess the potential capacity
for new virtual machines.
If one or more resources of the host are approaching their limits, you might not want to add a virtual
machine to this ESX host.
What to do next
If the selected ESX host has enough resources, you can add the new virtual machines.
Find a Cluster that Has Resources Available for More Virtual Machines
If the vCenter Server host uses Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS), you can use the Scoreboard tab to check
the available resources in each cluster and make decisions on moving virtual machines in your virtual
infrastructure.
Prerequisites
Verify that you are logged in to a vSphere Client, and that vCenter Operations Manager is open.
Procedure
1 In the inventory view, click the datacenter that contains the cluster that you want to assess, and click the
Environment tab.
2 On the Scoreboard tab, select Health from the View drop-down menu.
The colored bubbles in the Custom Overview chart represent the health scores for all objects in the
datacenter that are online. The workload is represented by the X-axis.
The objects with highest workload appear to the right on the X-axis.
3 (Optional) To filter object types out of the Custom Overview chart, click their icons.
4 In the Custom Overview chart, click the bubble of a cluster that you think might accommodate more virtual
machines.
Usually, this is a cluster that is situated closer to the Y-axis.
The name of the cluster becomes highlighted in the Members List pane.
5 In the Members List pane, click the object name to open its Details tab.
6 On the Details tab, review the Resources pane and the Workload graphs to assess the potential capacity
for new virtual machines.
If one or more resources are approaching their limits, you might not want to add a virtual machine to this
cluster.
What to do next
If the selected cluster has enough resources, you can add the new virtual machines.
Ranking the Health, Risk, and Efficiency Scores
On the Scoreboard tab, you can compare the scores of the Health, Risk, and Efficiency badges and their subbadges for child objects that are directly related to the object selected in the inventory pane.
Each child object is displayed as a circle in the Custom Overview chart. Larger circle size means higher score
for the badge that is selected in the Size drop-down menu.
When you compare the Health scores, you can find health problems and see why the health has degraded.
You can also identify groups of objects that might have similar problems, check whether the workload is high
in the selected population, and whether the population has a lot of faults or anomalies.
28 VMware, Inc.
When you compare the Efficiency scores, you can analyse visually the distribution of resources among child
objects of the selected object.
When you compare the Risk scores, you can prioritize objects that need your attention sooner than others.
You can click the names of objects in the Members List to navigate to their Details tabs. Viewing details about
the workload and resources that are available to the selected object can help you identify the possible reasons
for poor badge scores.
View the Compliance Details
The Compliance score is a value that is based on results that are generated in
vCenter Configuration Manager when the compliance templates that are mapped to the Compliance badge
are run. You can review the number of failed conditions that contribute to the score and access the template
in VCM to evaluate the results. Based on your evaluation, you can make changes to improve the score.
Prerequisites
n
Verify that the vCenter Configuration Manager adapter is installed. See vCenter Operations Manager
Enterprise Adapter Guide.
n
Verity that you have access to a supported version of Internet Explorer on the physical or virtual machine
on which you are running vCenter Configuration Manager so that you can open the templates in VCM.
See the VCM Installation Guide for supported versions of Internet Explorer.
Chapter 3 Viewing Members and Relationships in the Monitored Environment
n
Verify that the VCM mappings are created, tested, and scoring as expected. See the VCM online Help and
the VCM Administration Guide.
Procedure
1 In the inventory panel, select a vCenter Server, datacenter, cluster, host, or virtual machine object.
2 Click the Dashboard tab and expand Why is Risk {score}?.
3 To see the details of the compliance score, click the Compliance badge.
4 On the Views tab, click Compliance.
The templates from which the badge score was calculated appear in the Details pane. The templates with
the worst noncompliant scores are at the top of the list.
5 To view the non-compliant results so that you can determine what needs to be resolved, click View details
in VCM.
The Info window that appears provides the full URL for the template results.
6 If necessary, copy and paste the URL into the Internet Explorer address bar and go to the address.
7 On the VMware vCenter Configuration Manager page, click Login.
The selected template results appear in the VCM console.
What to do next
Review and resolve noncompliance results in vCenter Configuration Manager. See “Resolve Non-Compliant
Rules for Compliance Templates,” on page 29.
Resolve Non-Compliant Rules for Compliance Templates
The Compliance score is is a value based on template rules that are run in VCM. To improve score, view the
template results and determine how to resolve non-compliant rules for the target objects.
When you are working in VCM, click the Help icon to access information about the page on which you are
working and for more information about the available actions.
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Prerequisites
n
Select the template for which you are evaluating results. See “View the Compliance Details,” on page 29.
n
If you do not see the name of the object for which you are resolving non-compliant results, correlate the
name that appears in VCM with the name used in vCenter Operations Manager. See “Correlate
Compliance Object Names,” on page 31.
Procedure
1 On the VMware vCenter Configuration Manager page, click Login.
The selected template results appear in the VCM console.
2 Review the status column to identify the non-compliant rules that require your attention.
3 Resolve non-compliance results.
Click Help on the template results data grid for more information about the following options for resolving
non-compliant results.
n
Use enforceable compliance to enforce results.
n
Use VCM to enforce non-enforceable compliance results.
n
Manually change the settings or configurations.
n
Add exceptions when you expect the object to not meet the rule and you do not want to see it again
as a non-compliant object.
4 Collect data from the machine groups and virtual object groups for which resolved non-compliant results.
5 Run the mappings in VCM.
When you run the mappings, the templates are run for the objects.
6 To review the badge scores in VCM, click Console and select Dashboard > Virtual Environments >
vCenter Operations Manager Compliance Rollup.
Verify the scores to ensure that you resolved all the necessary non-compliant results.
What to do next
In vCenter Operations Manager, review the Compliance badge scores to ensure that your scores are now at
acceptable levels. You must allow approximately five minutes for vCenter Operations Manager to pull the new
scores from VCM.
Differing Object Names for Compliance Objects
The virtual machine object name in vCenter Operations Manager might be different from the object name in
the VCM compliance templates. This difference is a result of how vCenter Operations Manager and VCM
retrieve and collect data from vCenter Server.
Some virtual objects in the templates might be managed in VCM as both a virtual machine on which the
VCM Agent is installed and as a virtual object that is managed through a vCenter Server instance using the
Managing Agent. When the object is managed as a virtual machine and as a virtual object, the name that appears
in the template detail results might be different from the name that appears in vCenter Operations Manager.
The name in the VCM template results is the object name that you assigned when the object was created, usually
similar to the DNS name. The name in vCenter Operations Manager is based on the vCenter Server object name
unless you renamed the object in vCenter Server. If you renamed the object, vCenter Operations Manager
displays the user-assigned name. If the name is different from the originally assigned name, you see one name
in vCenter Operations Manager and the DNS-derived name in VCM.
To verify that you are working with the same object, use the data in VCM to correlate the object name, the
guest object name, and the DNS name.
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