VERTEX STANDARD VX-230 Service Manual
VERTEX STANDARD CO., LTD.
4-8-8 Nakameguro, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 153-8644, Japan
VERTEX STANDARD
US Headquarters
VHF FM Transceiver
VX-230
Service Manual
2008 VERTEX STANDARD CO., LTD. EC085N90A
©
10900 Walker Street, Cypress, CA 90630, U.S.A.
YAESU EUROPE B.V.
P.O. Box 75525, 1118 ZN Schiphol, The Netherlands
YAESU UK LTD.
Unit 12, Sun Valley Business Park, Winnall Close
Winchester, Hampshire, SO23 0LB, U.K.
VERTEX STANDARD HK LTD.
Unit 5, 20/F., Seaview Centre, 139-141 Hoi Bun Road,
Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
VERTEX STANDARD (AUSTRALIA) PTY., LTD.
Normanby Business Park, Unit 14/45 Normanby Road
Notting Hill 3168, Victoria, Australia
Introduction
This manual provides technical information necessary for servicing the VX-230 FM Transceiver.
Servicing this equipment requires expertise in handling surface-mount chip components. Attempts by non-qualified persons to service this equipment may result in permanent damage not covered by the warranty, and may be illegal in some countries.
Two PCB layout diagrams are provided for each double-sided circuit board in the transceiver. Each side of is referred to by the type
of the majority of components installed on that side (“leaded” or “chip-only”). In most cases one side has only chip components, and
the other has either a mixture of both chip and leaded components (trimmers, coils, electrolytic capacitors, ICs, etc.), or leaded
components only.
While we believe the technical information in this manual to be correct, VERTEX STANDARD assumes no liability for damage that
may occur as a result of typographical or other errors that may be present. Your cooperation in pointing out any inconsistencies in the
technical information would be appreciated.
Important Note
This transceiver was assembled using Pb (lead) free solder, based on the RoHS specification.
Only lead-free solder (Alloy Composition: Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu) should be used for repairs performed on this apparatus. The
solder stated above utilizes the alloy composition required for compliance with the lead-free specification, and any solder with
the above alloy composition may be used.
Contents
Specifications...........................................................2
Exploded View & Miscellaneous Parts .................3
Block Diagram ........................................................ 5
Circuit Description ................................................7
Alignment ............................................................... 9
MAIN Unit Circuit Diagram .............................. 17
MAIN Unit Parts Layout .................................... 19
MAIN Unit Parts List .......................................... 21
1
Specifications
General
Frequency Range: 134 -174 MHz
Number of Channels:16
Power Supply Voltage: 7.4 V DC ±10 %
Channel Spacing: 12.5/20/25 kHz
Battery Life (5-5-90 duty): 9.0 hrs (7.3 hrs w/o saver) w/FNB-V103LI (1150 mAh)
16.5 hrs (13.5 hrs w/o saver) w/FNB-V104LI (2000 mAh)
Operating Temperature Range: –22 °F to +140 °F (–30 °C to +60 °C)
Frequency Stability: ±2.5 ppm
RF Input-Output Impedance: 50 Ohm
Dimension (W x H x D): 2.3” x 4.3” x 1.2” (58 x 110 x 30 mm)
Weight (Approx.): 10.1 oz ( 285 g) w/FNB-V103LI, Antenna, Belt Clip
Receiver (measured by TIA/EIA-603)
Sensitivity (12dB SINAD): 0.25 µV typical
Adjacent Channel Selectivity: 65 / 60 dB (25 kHz/12.5 kHz)
Intermodulation: 65 / 60 dB (25 kHz/12.5 kHz)
Spurious and Image Rejection: 65 dB
Audio Output: 500 mW @ 4 ohms 5 % THD
Transmitter (measured by TIA/EIA-603)
Output Power: 5 / 1 W
Modulation: 16K0F3E, 11K0F3E
Conducted Spurious Emission: 65 dB below carrier
FM Hum & Noise: 45 / 40 dB (25 kHz/12.5 kHz)
Audio Distortion: < 3 % @1 kHz
Specification may be changed without notification.
2
RA0173500
CAP (MIC/SP)
RA1058900
O RING
RA090600C
KNOB(VOL)
RA091760B
KNOB ASSY(CH)
d
d
RA1041900
FRAME(PTT)
RA1041800
RUBBER(SIDE)
RA0187600
SHEET
RA0557900
SP NET
M4090192
SPEAKER
(14-ohm/1W)
RA1085300
TAPE(SP)
f
Exploded View & Miscellaneous Parts
RA1096000
COIL SPRING
CP9380001
FRONT CASE ASSY
RA103980A
RELEASE KNOB(BATT)
RA0905200
LATCH PLATE
RA090490B
COVER(PTT)
RA1041700
RUBBER(PTT)
RA1042100
LOCK PLATE
T9318321
WIRE ASSY (YEL 80)
T9318322
WIRE ASSY(BLK 80)
f
f
f
f
h
f
f
f
f
f
f
RA090590A
NUT
RA090590A
CP9379001
REAR CASE ASSY
CASE COVER(REAR)
RA103880A
BATTERY PACK
NUT
RA103910A
TERMINAL ASSY
RA037690B
SHEET
g
g
e
MAIN Unit
RA1038900
RUBBER PACKING
RA0248200
GROUND PLATE
RA0248200
GROUND PLATE
RA1039000
PACKING PAD(BATT-C)
e
CP9381001
BELT CLIP ASSY
c
REF VXSTD P/N DESCRIPTION QTY.
U02308020 SEMS SCREW SM3X8SUS 1
c
U20206007 BINDING HEAD SCREW M2.6X6B 2
d
U24110002 BIND HEAD TAPTITE-B M2X10NI 2
e
U44105002 PAN HEAD TAPTITE-B M2X5NI 11
f
U24106002 BIND HEAD TAPTITE-B M2X6NI 2
g
U07230302 PAN HEAD SCREW M2X3NI #3 1
h
Non-designated parts are available only as part of a designated assembly.
3
Note
4
Block Diagram
5
Block Diagram
Note
6
Circuit Description
1. Circuit Configuration by Frequency
The receiver is a Double-conversion Super-heterodyne with a
first intermediate frequency (IF) of 67.65MHz and a second IF
of 450kHz. Incoming signal from the antenna is mixed with the
local signal from the VCO/PLL to produce the first IF of
67.65MHz.
This is then mixed with the 67.2MHz second local oscillator
output to produce the 450kHz second IF. This is detected to
give the demodulated signal.
The transmit signal frequency is generated by the PLL VCO,
and modulated by the signal from the microphone. It is then
amplified and sent to the antenna.
2. Receiver System
2-1. Front-end RF amplifier
Incoming RF signal from the antenna is delivered to the RF
Unit and passes through Low-pass filer, antenna switching diode, high pass filter and removed undesired frequencies by varactor diode (tuned band-pass filer).
The passed signal is amplified in Q1013 (2SC5006) and more-
over cuts an image frequency with the tuned band pass filter
and comes into the 1st mixer.
2-5. Squelch Circuit
There are 16 levels of squelch setting from 0 to 15. The level 0
means open the squelch. The level 1 means the threshold setting level and level 14 means tight squelch. From 2 to 13 is
established in the middle of threshold and tight.
The bigger figure is nearer the tight setting. The level 15 becomes setting of carrier squelch.
2-5-1. Noise Squelch
Noise squelch circuit is composed of the band path filter of
Q1038, and noise detector D1029 (1SS400G).
When a carrier isn't received, the noise ingredient which goes
out of the demodulator Q1038 is amplified in Q1038 through
the band path filter Q1038, is detected to DC voltage with D1029
and is inputted to 52pin (the A/D port) of the Q1026 (CPU).
When a carrier is received, the DC voltage becomes low because the noise is compressed.
When the detected voltage to CPU is high, the CPU stops AF
output with Q1001-3 "OFF" by making the 41pin (CPU) "L"
level.
When the detection voltage is low, the CPU makes Q1001 ON
with making 41pin "H" and the AF signal is output.
2-2. First Mixer
The 1st mixer consists of the Q1024 (3SK293). Buffered out-
put from the VCO is amplified by Q1027 (2SC5005) to pro-
vide a pure first local signal between 201.65 and 241.65MHz
for injection to the first mixer.
The IF signal then passes through monolithic crystal filters
XF1001(±7.5 kHz BW) to strip away all but the desired signal.
2-3. IF Amplifier
The first IF signal is amplified by Q1033 (2SC4215Y).
The amplified first IF signal is applied to FM IF subsystem IC
Q1038 (NJM2591V) which contains the second mixer, sec-
ond local oscillator, limiter amplifier, noise amplifier, and RSSI
amplifier.
The signal from reference oscillator X1002 becomes 4 times of
frequencies in Q1038, it is mixed with the IF signal and becomes 450kHz.
The second IF then passes through the ceramic filter CF1001
(LTM450FW) to strip away unwanted mixer products, and is
applied to the limiter amplifier in Q1038, which removes amplitude variations in the 450kHz IF, before detection of the
speech by the ceramic discriminator CD1001 (TBM450CX24).
2-4. Audio amplifier Detected signal from Q1038 is inputted to TX/RX switch Q1001-4 (TC74VHC4066AFT). The signal which appeared from Q1001 is in high pass filter Q1050 (NJM12902).
The signal which passed Q1050 goes to AF volume (VR1001).
And then the signal goes to audio amplifier Q1005
(NJM2070M).
The output signal from Q1005 is in audio speaker.
2-5-2. Carrier Squelch
The CPU (53pin: A/D port) detect RSSI voltage output from
Q1038 12 pin, and controls AF output.
The RSSI output voltage changes according to the signal strength
of carrier. The stronger signal makes the RSSI voltage to be
higher voltage.
The process of the AF signal control is same as Noise Squelch
The shipping data is adjusted -1dBu(EMF) higher than squelch
tight sensitivity.
3. Transmitter System
3-1. Mic Amplifier
The AF signal from internal microphone MC1001 or external
microphone J1002 is amplified with microphone amplifier
Q1049-3 (NJM12902V).
This signal enters high pass filter Q1050 via the mute switch
Q1001-1(TC74VHC4066AFT).
Afterwards, the switch circuit is controlled in the gain by way
of microphone gain volume Q1012 (M62364FP-CH1).
AF signal is passes a pre-emphasis circuit and is input to the
limiter amplifier Q1049-2 (NJM12902V).
The signal passed splatter filter of Q1049 and adder amplifier
Q1046 is adjusted by maximum deviation adjustment volume
Q1012 (M62364FP-CH4).
The AF signal ingredient is amplified Q1046(NJM12902V).
After that, it is made FM modulation to transmit carrier by the
modulator D1014 (HVC383B) of VCO.
7
Circuit Description
3-2. Drive and Final amplifier
The modulated signal from the VCO Q1032 (2SC4227) is buff-
ered by Q1027 (2SC5005). Then the signal is buffered by
Q1018 (2SC5227) for the final amplifier driver Q1015
(RQA0004PXDQS). The low-level transmit signal is then
applied to Q1010 (RQA0011DNS) for final amplification up
to 5watts output power.
The transmit signal then passes through the antenna switch
D1002 (RLS135) and is low pass filtered to suppress away
harmonic spurious radiation before delivery to the antenna.
3-3. Automatic Transmit Power Control
The current detector Q1052-1 (NJM12904R) detects the cur-
rent of Q1010 and Q1015, and converts the current difference
to the voltage difference.
The output from the current detector Q1052-1 is compared with
the reference voltage and amplified by the power control amplifier Q1052-2.
The output from Q1052-2 controls the gate bias of the final
amplifiers Q1010 and the final amplifier driver Q1015.
The reference voltage changes into four values (Transmit Power High and Low) controlled by Q1012 (M62364FP-CH8).
3-4. PLL Frequency Synthesizer
The frequency synthesizer consists of PLL IC, Q1042
(MB15E03SL), VCO, TCXO(X1002) and buffer amplifier.
The output frequency from TCXO is 16.8MHz and the tolerance is ±2.5 ppm (in the temperature range -30 to +60 degrees).
3-4-2. VCO Tuning Voltage
Tuning voltage of VCO is expanding the lock range of VCO by
controlling the cathode of varactor diode at the voltage and the
control voltage from PLL IC.
3-4-3. PLL
The PLL IC consists of reference divider, main divider, phase
detector, charge pumps and pulse swallow operation. The reference frequency from TCXO is inputted to 1pin of PLL IC
and is divided by reference divider.
The other hand, inputted feed back signal to 8pin of PLL IC
from VCO is divided with the dividing ratio which becomes
same frequency as the output of reference divider. These two
signals are compared by phase detector, the phase difference
pulse is generated.
The phase difference pulse and the pulse from through the charge
pumps and LPF. It becomes the DC voltage to control the VCO.
The oscillation frequency of VCO is locked by the control of
this DC voltage.
The PLL serial data from CPU is sent with three lines of SDO
(60pin), SCK (58pin) and PSTB (59pin).
The lock condition of PLL is output from the UL (14Pin) terminal and UL becomes "H" at the time of the lock condition
and becomes "L" at the time of the unlocked condition. The
CPU always watches over the UL condition, and when it becomes "L" unlocked condition, the CPU prohibits transmitting
and receiving.
3-4-1. VCO
While the radio is receiving, the RX oscillator Q1030 (2SK508)
in VCO generates a programmed frequency between 201.65
and 241.65MHz as 1st local signal.
While the radio is transmitting, the TX oscillator Q1032
(2SC4227) in VCO generates a frequency between 134 and
174MHz.
The output from oscillator is amplified by buffer amplifier
Q1027 (2SC5005) and becomes output of VCO. The output
from VCO is divided, one is amplified by Q1027 and feed back
to the PLL IC 8pin. It is put into the mixer as the 1st local signal
through D1012, in transmission, it is buffered Q1018, and more
amplified in Q1015 through D1012 and it is put into the final
amplifier Q1010.
8
Alignment
Introduction
The VX-230 series has been aligned at the factory for the specified performance across the entire frequency range specified.
Realignment should therefore not be necessary except in the
event of a component failure. All component replacement and
service should be performed only by an authorized Vertex Standard representative, or the warranty policy may be voided.
The following procedures cover the sometimes critical and tedious adjustments that are not normally required once the transceiver has left the factory. However, if damage occurs and some
parts are replaced, realignment may be required. If a sudden
problem occurs during normal operation, it is likely due to component failure; realignment should not be done until after the
faulty component has been replaced.
We recommend that servicing be performed only by authorized
Vertex Standard service technicians who are experienced with
the circuitry and fully equipped for repair and alignment. Therefore, if a fault is suspected, contact the dealer from whom the
transceiver was purchased for instructions regarding repair.
Authorized Vertex Standard service technicians realign all circuits and make complete performance checks to ensure compliance with factory specifications after replacing any faulty
components. Those who do undertake any of the following alignments are cautioned to proceed at their own risk. Problems
caused by unauthorized attempts at realignment are not covered by the warranty policy. Also, Vertex Standard must reserve the right to change circuits and alignment procedures in
the interest of improved performance, without notifying owners. Under no circumstances should any alignment be attempted unless the normal function and operation of the transceiver
are clearly understood, the cause of the malfunction has been
clearly pinpointed and any faulty components replaced, and the
need for realignment determined to be absolutely necessary.
The following test equipment (and thorough familiarity with its
correct use) is necessary for complete realignment. Correction
of problems caused by misalignment resulting from use of improper test equipment is not covered under the warranty policy.
While most steps do not require all of the equipment listed, the
interactions of some adjustments may require that more complex adjustments be performed afterwards. Do not attempt to
perform only a single step unless it is clearly isolated electrically from all other steps. Have all test equipment ready before
beginning, and follow all of the steps in a section in the order
presented.
Required Test Equipment
Radio Tester with calibrated output level at 200 MHz
In-line Wattmeter with 5% accuracy at 200 MHz
50-ohm, 10-W RF Dummy Load
Regulated DC Power Supply (standard 7.5 VDC, 2 A)
Frequency Counter: ±0.2 ppm accuracy at 200 MHz
AF Signal Generator
AC Voltmeter
DC Voltmeter
VHF Sampling Coupler
Microsoft® Windows® 2000 (Service Pack 3) or later oper-
ating system
Micorosoft® Net Framework 2.0 or later
Vertex Standard CE99 Alignment program and CT-42 Con-
nection Cable or FIF-10A USB Programming Interface and
CT-106 PC Programming Cable.
Alignment Preparation & Precautions
A 50-ohm RF Dummy load and in-line wattmeter must be connected to the main antenna jack in all procedures that call for
transmission, except where specified otherwise. Correct alignment is not possible with an antenna.
After completing one step, read the following step to determine
whether the same test equipment will be required. If not, remove the test equipment (except dummy load and wattmeter, if
connected) before proceeding.
Correct alignment requires that the ambient temperature be the
same as that of the transceiver and test equipment, and that this
temperature be held constant between 20 °C and 30 °C (68 °F ~
86 °F). When the transceiver is brought into the shop from hot
or cold air, it should be allowed time to come to room temperature before alignment.
Whenever possible, alignments should be made with oscillator
shields and circuit boards firmly affixed in place. Also, the test
equipment must be thoroughly warmed up before beginning.
Note: Signal levels in dB referred to in this procedure are based
on 0 dBµ EMF = 1.0 µV.
9
Alignment
Test Setup
Setup the test equipment as shown for transceiver alignment,
then apply 7.5 V DC power to the transceiver.
50-ohm
Dummy Load
Inline
Wattmeter
Deviation Meter
Frequency
Counter
RF Sampling
Coupler
ANT
CT-42
or
FIF10A + CT-106
COM Port (for CT-42
or
USB Port (for FIF10A + CT-106
RF
Signal Generator
Transceiver
MIC/SP
BATTERY
TERMINAL
Power Supply
7.5 VDC
)
The Alignment Tool Outline
Installation the tool
Install the CE99 (Clone Editor) to your PC.
"Basic Alingment" function in the "Radio" menu of
CE99.
Action of the switches
When the transceiver is in alignment mode, the action of PTT
and KEY is ignored. All of the action is remote controlled by
PC.
Basic Alignment Mode
In the Basic Alignment mode, the aligned data written in the
radio will be able to re-align its alignment data. In this mode,
there are many items to align with five points (F1, F2, F3, F4,
F5) except "Frequency", "Mic Sense", "SQL/RSSI", and "Battery". The value of each parameter can be changed to desired
position by “»” / “¼” arrow key for up/down, direct number
input and drag the mouse.
)
To enter the Basic Alignment Mode, select "Basic Alignment"
in the main menu "Radio". It will start to "Read" the written
personalized data from the radio. Then pressing the button "OK"
will start the Basic Alignment Mode.
Note: when all items are aligned, it is strongly recommended to
align according to following order. The detail information is
written in the help of CE99 (Clone Editor).
1. PLL Reference Frequency (Frequency)
2. RX Sensitivity (RX Tune)
3. Squelch (SQL/RSSI)
4. TX Power <High> / <Low>
5. Mic Sense
6. Maximum Deviation <Wide> / <Narrow>
7. Modulation Balance <Wide> / <Narrow>
8. CTCSS Deviation <Wide> / <Narrow>
9. DCS Deviation <Wide> / <Narrow>
10. Battery
Caution!
Please never turn off a power supply while alignment. If
the power supply turn off while alignment, the setting
data is failed.
10
Unit
During alignment, you may select the value among
dBµV, µV (EMF or PD), or dBm.
¯
When perform the RX Tune and SQL alignment, the RF
level shows this unit according to this setting.
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