Trimble SPS985 Getting Started Manual

GETTING STARTED GUIDE

Trimble SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna

Version 4.70
Revision A
March 2013

1

Corporate Office

Trimble Navigation Limited
935 StewartDrive
Sunnyvale, CA 94085
USA

www.trimble.com

Heavy Highway business area

Trimble Navigation Limited
Heavy Highway business area
5475 Kellenburger Road
Dayton, Ohio 45424-1099
USA
800-538-7800 (tollfree in USA)
[phone] Phone
[phone] Fax

www.trimble.com

Email: [e-mail]

Legal Notices

© 2006–2013, Trimble Navigation Limited. All rights reserved.
Trimble, and the Globe & Triangle logo are trademarks of Trimble
Navigation Limited, registeredin the UnitedStates and inother
countries. AutoBase, CMR, CMR+, Connected Community, EVEREST,
HYDROpro, Maxwell,Micro-Centered,Trimble Geomatics Office,
SiteNet, TRIM MARK, TRIM TALK, TSCe, V RS, Zephyr, and Zephyr
Geodetic are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited.
Microsoft, Windows, and Windows Vista are either registered
trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the UnitedStates
and/orother countries.
The Bluetooth word mark and logos are owned by the Bluetooth SIG,
Inc. and any use of suchmarks by Trimble Navigation Limitedis under
license.
All other trademarks are the property of theirrespective owners.
Support for Galileo is developed under a license ofthe European Union
and the European Space Agency (SPS985/SPS855/SPS555H).

NTP Software Copyright

© David L. Mills 1992-2009. Permission to use, copy, modify, and
distribute this software andits documentationforany purpose with or
without fee is herebygranted, providedthatthe above copyright notice
appears in allcopies and that both the copyrightnotice and this
permissionnotice appear in supporting documentation,and that the
name University of Delaware not be used in advertising or publicity
pertaining to distribution of the software withoutspecific,written prior
permission. The University of Delaware makes no representations about
the suitability this software for any purpose. I t is provided "as is" without
express orimplied warranty.

Release Notice

This is theMarch 2013release (Revision A) of the[System Name]
documentation. It applies to version4.70of the receiver firmware.

Product Li mited Warranty Information

For applicable productLimited Warranty information,please refer to the
Limited Warranty Card includedwith this Trimble product, or consult y our
localTrimble authorized dealer.

Notices

Class B Statement – Notice to Users. This equipment has been

tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device
pursuant to Part 15 of the F CC Rules. Some equipmentconfigurations
include an optional 410 M Hz to 470 MHz UHF radio transceiver module
compliant with Part 90. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmfulinterference ina residential installation. This
equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and,
if not installedand used in accordance with the instructions, may cause
harmfulinterference to radio communication. However, there is no
guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. I f
this equipment does cause harmfulinterference to radio or television
reception,which can be determined by turning the equipmentoff and
on,the user is encouraged to try tocorrectthe interference by one or
more of the following measures:
– I ncrease the separation between the equipmentand the receiver.
– Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to
which the receiver is connected.
– Consult the dealer or an experiencedradio/TV technician for help.

Changes and modifications not expressly approved by the manufacturer
or registrant of this equipment can v oid your authority to operate this
equipment under Federal Communications Commission rules.
This equipmentmust be installed and operated in accordance with
provided instructions and the antenna(s) used for this transmitter must
be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 20 cm from all
persons and must not be co-locatedoroperated in conjunctionwithany
otherantenna ortransmitters (except in accordance withthe FCC multi ­transmitterproductprocedures).

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC, USA) has dictatedthat
on 1 January 2013, all radiousers transmitting data between421 and
512 MHz withinthe United States of America, mustoperate within 12.5
kHz channels or transmit using the bits per second (bps) settings of
19200 bps when using a 25 kHz channel. For more informationon the
FCC mandate, please view
http://trl.trimble.com/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document­618141/Survey_CustomerFAQs_F Cencryption or search the Internet.

Canada

This Class Bdigital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareilnumérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003
du Canada.
This apparatus complies withCanadian RSS-GEN, RSS-310, RSS-210,and
RSS-119.
Cet appareilest conforme à la norme CNR-GEN, CNR-310,CNR-210,et
CNR-119 du Canada.

Europe

The product covered by this guide are intended to be
used in all EU member countries, Norway, and
Switzerland. Products beentestedand found to comply
withthe requirements fora Class Bdevice pursuantto
European Council Directive 89/336/EEC on EMC, thereby satisfying the
requirements forCE Marking and sale withinthe European Economic
Area (EEA). Contains a Bluetooth radio module. These requirements are
designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference
when the equipmentis operatedin a residentialor commercial
environment. The 450 M HZ (PMR) bands and 2.4 GHz are non­harmonized throughout Europe.

CE Declaration of Conformity

Hereby, Trimble Navigation, declares that the GPS receivers are in
compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant
provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC.

Australia and New Zealand

This product conforms with the regulatory requirements of
the AustralianCommunications and Media Authority
(ACMA) EMC framework, thus satisfying the
requirements forC-Tick Marking and sale within Australia
and New Zealand.

Restriction of Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical

and Electronic Equipment (RoHS)

Trimble products in this guide comply inall material respects with
DIRECTIVE 2002/95/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAM ENT AND OF THE
COUNCIL of 27 January 2003 on the restriction of the use of certain
hazardous substances in electrical and electronicequipment (RoHS
Directive) and Amendment 2005/618/EC filed under C(2005) 3143, with
exemptions for lead insolder pursuant to Paragraph 7 of the Annex to
the RoHS Directive applied.

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)

For product recycling instructions and more information,
please go to www.t rimble.com/ev.shtml.
Recycling inEurope: To recycle Trimble WEEE (Waste
Electrical and Electronic Equipment,products that run on
electrical power.), Call+31 497 53 24 30, and ask for the
“WEEE Associate”. Or, mail a requestforrecycling
instructions to:
Trimble Europe BV
c/o MenloWorldwide Logistics
Meerheide 45
5521 DZ Eersel,NL

2 SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide

Unlicensed radios in products

This device complies with part 15 ofthe FCC Rules.
Operation is subject to the following twoconditions:
(1) This device may not cause harmful interference,and
(2) This device must accept any interference received,including
interference that may cause undesired operation.

Licensed radios in products

This device complies with part 15 ofthe FCC Rules.
Operation is subject to the condition that this device may not cause
harmfulinterference.

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 3

Safety Information

Before you use your Trimble product, make sure that you have read and understood all safety
requirements.

WARNING – This alert warns of a potential hazard which, if not avoided, could result in severe injury or even

death.

CAUTION – This alert warns of a potential hazard or unsafe practice that could result in minor injury or property
damage or irretrievable data loss.

Note – An absence of specific alerts does not mean that there are no safety risks involved.

Use and care

This product is designed to withstand the rough treatment and tough environment that typically
occurs in construction applications. However, the receiver is a high-precision electronic instrument
and should be treated with reasonable care.

CAUTION – Operating or storing the receiver outside the specified temperature range can damage it.

Regulations and safety

Some receiver models with base station capability contain an internal radio-modem for
transmission or can transmit through an external data communications radio. Regulations
regarding the use of the 410 MHz to 470 MHz radio-modems vary greatly from country to country.
In some countries, the unit can be used without obtaining an end-user license. Other countries
require end-user licensing. For licensing information, consult your local Trimble dealer.

All Trimble receiver models described in this documentation are capable of transmitting data
through Bluetooth wireless technology.

Bluetooth wireless technology, and 900 MHz radio-modems and 2.4 GHz radio-modems operate in
license-free bands.

Note – 900 MHz radios are not used in Europe. The frequency range of 900 MHz is not marketed in
Brazil. 2.4 GHz radio-modems are available only in Japan.

Before operating a Trimble receiver or GSM modem, determine if authorization or a license to
operate the unit is required in your country. It is the responsibility of the end user to obtain an
operator's permit or license for the receiver for the location or country of use.

For FCC regulations, see Notices.

Type approval

Type approval, or acceptance, covers technical parameters of the equipment related to emissions
that can cause interference. Type approval is granted to the manufacturer of the transmission

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 4

equipment, independent from the operation or licensing of the units. Some countries have unique
technical requirements for operation in particular radio-modem frequency bands. To comply with
those requirements, Trimble may have modified your equipment to be granted type approval.

Unauthorized modification of the units voids the type approval, the warranty, and the operational
license of the equipment.

Exposure to radio frequency radiation

For 450 MHz radio

Safety. Exposure to RF energy is an important safety consideration. The FCC has adopted a safety
standard for human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic energy emitted by FCC regulated
equipment as a result of its actions in General Docket 79-144 on March 13, 1986.

Proper use of this radio modem results in exposure below government limits. The following
precautions are recommended:

l

DO NOT operate the transmitter when someone is within 20 cm (7.8 inches) of the antenna.

l

DO NOT operate the transmitter unless all RF connectors are secure and any open connectors
are properly terminated.

l

DO NOT operate the equipment near electrical blasting caps or in an explosive atmosphere.

l

All equipment must be properly grounded according to Trimble installation instructions for safe
operation.

l

All equipment should be serviced only by a qualified technician.

For license-free 900 MHz radio

CAUTION – For your own safety, and in terms of the RF exposure requirements of the FCC, always observe these

precautions:
– Always maintain a minimum separation distance of 20 cm (7.9 inches) between yourself and the radiating
antenna.
– Do not co-locate the antenna with any other transmitting device.

Note – 900 MHz radios are not used in Europe. The frequency range of 900 MHz is not marketed in
Brazil.

For 2.4 GHz radio

Safety. Exposure to RF energy is an important safety consideration. The FCC has adopted a safety
standard for human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic energy emitted by FCC regulated
equipment as a result of its actions in General Docket 79-144 on March 13, 1986.

Proper use of this radio modem results in exposure below government limits. The following
precautions are recommended:

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 5

l

DO NOT operate the transmitter when someone is within 20 cm (7.8 inches) of the antenna.

The maximum gain of the antenna must not exceed 8 dBi.

Note – 2.4 GHz radios are available only for Japan.

For Bluetooth radio

The radiated output power of the internal Bluetooth wireless radio and the Wi-Fi radio included in
some Trimble receivers is far below the FCC radio frequency exposure limits. Nevertheless, the
wireless radio(s) shall be used in such a manner that the Trimble receiver is 20 cm or further from the
human body. The internal wireless radio(s) operate within guidelines found in radio frequency safety
standards and recommendations, which reflect the consensus of the scientific community. Trimble
therefore believes that the internal wireless radio(s) are safe for use by consumers. The level of
energy emitted is far less than the electromagnetic energy emitted by wireless devices such as
mobile phones. However, the use of wireless radios may be restricted in some situations or
environments, such as on aircraft. If you are unsure of restrictions, you are encouraged to ask for
authorization before turning on the wireless radio.

For GSM/GPRS radio

Safety. Exposure to RF energy is an important safety consideration. The FCC has adopted a safety
standard for human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic energy emitted by FCC regulated
equipment as a result of its actions in General Docket 79-144 on March 13, 1986.

Proper use of this radio modem results in exposure below government limits. The following
precautions are recommended:

l

DO NOT operate the transmitter when someone is within 28 cm (11 inches) of the antenna.

l

All equipment should be serviced only by a qualified technician.

Installing antennas

CAUTION – For your own safety, and in terms of the RF exposure requirements of the FCC, always observe these

precautions:
– Always maintain a minimum separation distance of 20 cm (7.9 inches) between yourself and the radiating
antenna.
– Do not co-locate the antenna with any other transmitting device.

WARNING – The GNSS antenna and its cabling should be installed in accordance with all national and local

electrical codes, regulations, and practices. The antenna and cabling should be installed where they will not
become energized as a result of falling nearby power lines, nor be mounted where they are subjected to over­voltage transients, particularly lightning. Such installations require additional protective means that are detailed
in national and local electrical codes.

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 6

Trimble receiver internal radios have been designed to operate with the antennas listed below.
Antennas not included in this list are strictly prohibited for use with this device. The required
antenna impedance is 50 ohms.

To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so
chosen so that the equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) is not more than that permitted
for successful communication.

Battery safety

Removable lithium-ion battery

WARNING – Do not damage the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery. A damaged battery can cause an explosion or

fire, and can result in personal injury and/or property damage.
To prevent injury or damage:
– Do not use or charge the battery if it appears to be damaged. Signs of damage include, but are not limited to,
discoloration, warping, and leaking battery fluid.
– Do not expose the battery to fire, high temperature, or direct sunlight.
– Do not immerse the battery in water.
– Do not use or store the battery inside a vehicle during hot weather.
– Do not drop or puncture the battery.
– Do not open the battery or short-circuit its contacts.

WARNING – Avoid contact with the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery if it appears to be leaking. Battery fluid is

corrosive, and contact with it can result in personal injury and/or property damage.
To prevent injury or damage:
– If the battery leaks, avoid contact with the battery fluid.
– If battery fluid gets into your eyes, immediately rinse your eyes with clean water and seek medical attention.
Do not rub your eyes!
– If battery fluid gets onto your skin or clothing, immediately use clean water to wash off the battery fluid.

WARNING – Charge and use the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery only in strict accordance with the instructions.

Charging or using the battery in unauthorized equipment can cause an explosion or fire, and can result in personal
injury and/or equipment damage.
To prevent injury or damage:
– Do not charge or use the battery if it appears to be damaged or leaking.
– Charge the Lithium-ion battery only in a Trimble product that is specified to charge it. Be sure to follow all
instructions that are provided with the battery charger.
– Discontinue charging a battery that gives off extreme heat or a burning odor.
– Use the battery only in Trimble equipment that is specified to use it.
– Use the battery only for its intended use and according to the instructions in the product documentation.

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 7

Connecting the receiver to a vehicle battery

WARNING – Use caution when connecting battery cable's clip leads to a vehicle battery. Do not allow any metal

object or jewelry to connect (short) the battery's positive (+) terminal to either the negative (-) terminal or the
metal of the vehicle connected to the battery. This could result in high current, arcing, and high temperatures,
exposing the user to possible injury.

WARNING – When connecting an external battery, such as a vehicle battery, to the receiver, be sure to use the

Trimble cable with proper over-current protection intended for this purpose, to avoid a safety hazard to the user
or damage to the product.

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 8

Contents

Safety Information 4

Use and care 4
Regulations and safety 4
Type approval 4
Exposure to radio frequency radiation 5

For 450 MHz radio 5
For license-free 900 MHz radio 5
For 2.4 GHz radio 5
For Bluetooth radio 6

For GSM/GPRS radio 6
Installing antennas 6
Battery safety 7

Removable lithium-ion battery 7

Connecting the receiver to a vehicle battery 8

Introduction 11

Related information 12

Batteries 13

Battery safety 13

Connecting the receiver to a vehicle battery 13
Charging the Lithium-ion battery 14
Battery charger 14

Chargeable batteries 14

Charger slots 15

Power supply 15
Removing the battery 15

Parts of the SPS985 Smart GNSS antenna 17

Front panel 17
Lower housing 18

Button and LED operations 20

Power button 20
Satellite LED 21
Radio LED 21
Wi-Fi LED 22
Battery LED 22
Lemo port 22

Activation 23

Wi-Fi Settings 23

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 9

Access Point mode 23

Client mode 24

Using the SPS985 Wi-Fi with the SCS900 software 24

Setting up an SPS985 as a Wi-Fi base station without the SCS900 software 24

Setting up an SPS985 Wi-Fi Rover without the SCS900 software 25
Resetting the receiver to factory defaults 25
Logging data 26

Logging data after a power loss 26

Troubleshooting 27

Troubleshooting receiver issues 27

The receiver does not turn on 27

The receiver is not tracking any satellites 27

The receiver does not log data 27

The receiver is not responding 28

Glossary 29

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 10

Introduction

The SPS985 GNSS smart antenna can be used for the following infrastructure and site development
applications:

l

Layout of structure foundations, caissons, and piles

l

Earthworks, fine grading and finishing stakeout operations

l

Initial site measurements to verify design levels and regular subsequent measurements to
determine progress volumes

l

Vehicular-mounted site supervisor applications

l

Measurements and grade/thickness checks on laid materials

The GNSS smart antenna incorporates a GNSS antenna, receiver, internal radio, and battery in a
rugged light-weight unit that is ideally suited as an all-on-the-pole RTK rover or quick setup/rapid
mobilization base station. LEDs enable you to monitor satellite tracking, radio reception, data
logging status, Wi-Fi, and power. Bluetooth wireless technology provides cable-free
communications between the receiver and controller.

You can use the SPS985 smart antenna as part of an RTK GNSS system with the Trimble SCS900 Site
Controller software. The receiver can optionally record GPS data to the receiver’s optional internal
memory and download to a computer using the serial connection.

The GNSS smart antenna has no front panel controls for changing settings. To configure these
receivers:

l

In real time, use external software such as the SPS web interface, HYDROpro™ construction
software, or the WinFlash utility.

l

Use an application file. To edit an application file, use the Configuration Toolbox utility.

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 11

Related information

Sources of related information include the following:

l

Release notes – The release notes describe new features of the product, information not
included in the manuals, and any changes to the manuals. They can be downloaded from the
Trimble website at www.trimble.com/support.shtml.

l

Trimble training courses – Consider a training course to help you use your GNSS system to its
fullest potential. For more information, go to the Trimble website at

www.trimble.com/training.html.

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 12

Batteries

The SPS985 GNSS smart antenna has one Lithium-ion battery which can be charged when it is
plugged into an external power source through Port 1, or the battery can be removed for charging.

During measurement operations, each internal battery typically provides about 4 hours of power if
using the internal Rx (receive) radio and about 3.5 hours operating as a base station using the
internal transmit radio. These times vary according to the type of measurement and the operating
conditions.

Battery safety

Charge and use the battery only in strict accordance with the instructions provided.

WARNING – Do not damage the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery. A damaged battery can cause an explosion or

fire, and can result in personal injury and/or property damage.
To prevent injury or damage:
– Do not use or charge the battery if it appears to be damaged. Signs of damage include, but are not limited to,
discoloration, warping, and leaking battery fluid.
– Do not expose the battery to fire, high temperature, or direct sunlight.
– Do not immerse the battery in water.
– Do not use or store the battery inside a vehicle during hot weather.
– Do not drop or puncture the battery.
– Do not open the battery or short-circuit its contacts.

WARNING – Avoid contact with the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery if it appears to be leaking. Battery fluid is

corrosive, and contact with it can result in personal injury and/or property damage.
To prevent injury or damage:
– If the battery leaks, avoid contact with the battery fluid.
– If battery fluid gets into your eyes, immediately rinse your eyes with clean water and seek medical attention.
Do not rub your eyes!
– If battery fluid gets onto your skin or clothing, immediately use clean water to wash off the battery fluid.

Connecting the receiver to a vehicle battery

WARNING – Use caution when connecting battery cable's clip leads to a vehicle battery. Do not allow any metal

object or jewelry to connect (short) the battery's positive (+) terminal to either the negative (-) terminal or the
metal of the vehicle connected to the battery. This could result in high current, arcing, and high temperatures,
exposing the user to possible injury.

WARNING – When connecting an external battery, such as a vehicle battery, to the receiver, be sure to use the

Trimble cable with proper over-current protection intended for this purpose, to avoid a safety hazard to the user
or damage to the product.

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 13

Charging the Lithium-ion battery

The rechargeable Lithium-ion battery is supplied partially charged. Charge the battery completely
before using it for the first time. If the battery has been stored for longer than three months, charge
it before use.

WARNING Charge and use the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery only in strict accordance with the instructions.

Charging or using the battery in unauthorized equipment can cause an explosion or fire, and can result in personal
injury and/or equipment damage.
To prevent injury or damage:
– Do not charge or use the battery if it appears to be damaged or leaking.
– Charge the Lithium-ion battery only in a Trimble product that is specified to charge it. Be sure to follow all
instructions that are provided with the battery charger.
– Discontinue charging a battery that gives off extreme heat or a burning odor.
– Use the battery only in Trimble equipment that is specified to use it.
– Use the battery only for its intended use and according to the instructions in the product documentation.

To charge the battery, first remove the battery from the receiver, and then place it in the battery
charger, which is connected to mains power.

Battery charger

The charger can charge two types of Lithium-ion batteries. It can be powered by mains or vehicle
battery. The following figure shows the GPS and Total Station battery, dual-slot battery charger (P/N

53018010), power supply (P/N 78650), and AC power cable (P/N 78651):

The Dual-Slot Charger Kit consists of:

l

Charger dual-battery slot

l

Power supply for charger

l

Cable AC kit AC for power supply

Chargeable batteries

The charger can charge a Lithium-ion Rechargeable Battery, 2.6 Ah, 7.4 V, P/N 92600-HH

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 14

The charger can charge the following types of batteries:

l

Lithium-ion Rechargeable Battery (Smart Battery), 4.4 Ah, 11.1 V, P/N 49400

l

Lithium-ion Rechargeable Battery, 2.6 Ah, 7.4 V, P/N 92600-HH

l

Lithium-ion Rechargeable Battery, 2.4 Ah, 7.4 V, P/N 54344

Charger slots

The charger has two slots. Each slot can charger either type of a battery. Batteries are charged
sequentially. Beside each slot are two LED indicators (red and green) to indicate the battery status.

Power supply

The charger can be powered by mains (using the power supply for the charger) or by using a 12 V car
adapter-to-charger cable.

Removing the battery

1.

Open the battery slot, which is on the side of the smart antenna.

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 15

2.

Pull the battery out of the slot.

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 16

Parts of the SPS985 Smart GNSS antenna

All operating controls are located on the front panel. Ports and connectors are located on the
bottom of the unit.

Front panel

The front panel contains the Power button and four indicator LEDs.

l

The Power button controls the receiver’s power on or off functions.

l

The indicator LEDs show the status of power, satellite tracking, Wi-Fi, and radio reception.

Icon Connections

Power button

Satellites

Radio

Battery status

Wi-Fi

The LEDs on the front panel indicate various operating conditions. Generally, a lit or slowly flashing
LED indicates normal operation, a LED that is flashing quickly indicates a condition that may require
attention, and an unlit LED indicates that no operation is occurring. For more information, see

Button and LED operations, page 20.

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 17

Lower housing

The following figure shows the lower housing of the SPS985 GNSS smart antenna. The housing
contains one USB port, one TNC radio antenna connector, the removable battery compartment,
and the 5/8-11 threaded insert.

Each item is marked with a number to indicate its main function, as shown in the following table:

Icon Name Connections/Description

1 Label The icon on the label shows if the antenna contains an internal radio or if it

is a Wi-Fi only smart antenna

2 TNC radio

antenna
connection

3 Label Shows the serial number of the smart antenna

4 Battery door Removable Lithium-ion battery

5 5/8" insert Range pole or quick release adapter

6 Lemo port USB and DC power in

Lemo port is a 7-pin 0-shell 2-key Lemo connector that supports USB communications and external
power input. The Lemo port has no power outputs.

The TNC port connector is for connecting a radio antenna to the receiver internal radio. A whip
“rubber duck” antenna is supplied with the system. This connector is not used if you are using an
external radio receiver. For longer range operation (to provide higher gain and to raise the antenna

Communications antenna

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 18

higher above the ground), you can use a cable to connect an external radio antenna to the TNC
port. For more information, refer to the topic "Connecting the receiver to external devices" in the
Web Help.

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 19

Button and LED operations

The LEDs on the front panel indicate various operating conditions. Generally, a lit or slowly flashing
LED indicates normal operation, a LED that is flashing quickly indicates a condition that may require
attention, and an unlit LED indicates that no operation is occurring. The following table defines each
possible LED state:

The term... means that the LED...

Very slow
flash

Slow flash alternates on/off every ½ second.

Radio slow
flash

Medium
flash

Fast flash alternates rapidly on/off every 1/10 of a second.

On is lit steady.

Off is unlit.

is off and on equally with a 1.5 second cycle.

is off longer than it is on when the is receiving corrections. The repeats this cycle
typically once per second.

is on more than off when the is transmitting corrections. The repeats this cycle
typically once per second.

is off and on equally more than once per second.

Power button

Action Power button Description

Turn on the Press (see

the note
below)

Turn off the Hold for 2

seconds and
then release

Clear the
ephemeris
file and reset
the to the

Hold for 15
seconds

All four LEDs light up and remain lit for 3 seconds. Then all LEDs go off
and then the power LED immediately comes back on.

When holding down the Power button; the battery LED remains on.
The Wi-Fi LED remains in its state and then turns off after 2 seconds.
The Satellite LED turns constant and then turns off after 2 seconds.

After releasing the power button, the battery LED stays lit for about 5
seconds and then all LEDs go blank.

The Radio, Wi-Fi, and Satellite LEDs turn off after 2 seconds. The
battery LED remains on. After 15 seconds, the Satellite LED comes on
to indicate that it is time to release the Power button.

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 20

Action Power button Description

factory
defaults

Delete
application
files

Note – The term “press” means to press the button and release it immediately. The term “hold”
means to press the button and hold it down for the given time.

Hold for 30
seconds

The Radio, Wi-Fi, and Satellite LEDs turn off after 2 seconds. After 15
seconds, the Satellite LED comes on and stays on for 15 seconds, then
turns off to indicate that it is time to release the Power button.
battery LED then remains on for 15 seconds after releasing the Power
button.

The then restarts.

The

Satellite LED

Receiver mode Satellite LED Amber

No satellites tracked Off

Boot up or when in Monitor mode On

Tracking fewer than 4 SVs Fast flash

Tracking more than 4 SVs Slow flash

Radio LED

Radio mode Radio

LEDAmber

No receive
transmit

Receive Radio slow

Transmit Radio slow

or

Off

flash

flash

Description

See the table at the top of this topic.

This LED also flashes when using the Wi-Fi only for receiving
corrections.

See the table at the top of this topic.

This LED also flashes when using the Wi-Fi only for transmitting
corrections

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 21

Wi-Fi LED

Receiver mode Wi-Fi LED Amber

Wi-Fi off Off

Wi-Fi is access point

Wi-Fi is client (and not connected to an access point) Off

Wi-Fi as client (rover mode receiving corrections) Very slow flash

(base mode/sending corrections)

Medium flash

Battery LED

Receiver mode Power LED Green Description

Off Off

On. Healthy power On Either internal battery or external power

Low power Fast flash (<about 15% power)

Logging data
internally

Flashes off every three
seconds

Lemo port

When you load firmware using the WinFlash utility, the LEDs show as:

Button/LED Appears

On

Off

See the Satellite LED, page 21 section above.

Off

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 22

Activation

Wi-Fi Settings

The SPS985 smart antenna is the first SPS GNSS receiver with Wi-Fi. Please take the time to
understand its powerful capabilities.

Before you use an SPS985 smart antenna, ensure that the dealer has activated it. The smart
antenna, shipped from Trimble, does not have Wi-Fi or Bluetooth® wireless technology enabled.
Your Trimble dealer must load the activation code before these services are available. If you need to
load the Activation code yourself, see Activating your SPS GNSS Receiver, page 1.

The smart antenna can be used as a Wi-Fi Access Point or a Wi-Fi Client.

Access Point mode

You use this mode when the smart antenna is set up as a base station. Access Point mode enables
other Wi-Fi devices to communicate with the smart antenna without needing another Wi-Fi device.
Up to five devices can simultaneously connect to the smart antenna. Devices connected to the
smart antenna in Access Point mode can communicate with each other, not just the SPS985 smart
antenna. After you have connected to the smart antenna, you can use the web interface to review
and change the settings of the smart antenna. This mode is useful if you are in the field, but do not
have a Trimble Tablet or SCS900 software.

In this mode, you can scan for the smart antenna from a laptop, Smartphone, or other Wi-Fi
enabled device, to locate the SPS985 Access Point:

1.

Turn on the SPS985 in Access point mode. The Wi-Fi light will flash.

By default, the SPS985 is in Access point mode. If you are not sure if the SPS985 is in Access
point mode, you can reset it to the factory defaults by pressing the Power button for 15
seconds.

2.

From a Wi-Fi enabled device such as a laptop, connect to the SPS985 smart antenna.

On a computer running the Windows operating system, click the Network icon in the status bar

. The smart antenna will be called something like "Trimble GNSS 2201". Select it and then

click Connect.

For information on how to change the wireless identification of the smart antenna, see SSID

Identification (SPS985 only), page 1.

3.

Enter the encryption key. By default, it is abcdeabcde.

4.

Open a web browser on your Wi-Fi enabled device and then type GNSS into the address bar.

The SPS985 web interface appears. With some devices, you may need to enter either

http://G NSS or 192.168.142.1 to access the web interface.

On Android PDAs, Trimble recommends that you install the free Opera Mobile browser for this
feature to work.

5. Log in to the web interface. Select Security / Login. The default username is admin. The default
password is password.

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 23

Client mode

You use this mode when the smart antenna is set up as a rover. In this mode, the smart antenna is
connected to an Access Point. You can view the web interface of the smart antenna in Client mode
via the Access Point. An Access Point on a site could be another SPS985 smart antenna or a Cisco
router.

When the smart antenna is in Client mode and is connected to an Access Point, you cannot use
http://GNSS to communicate with the smart antenna. Instead, you need to use the applications
Bonjour (Zero Configuration Networking), UPNP, or get the IP address from the Access Point.

Note – The smart antenna with internal radio has an internal Wi-Fi antenna. It is in the white
radome on the side of the smart antenna, however the antenna gain is equal in all directions so
the base station radome does not need to point to the work area, and the rover radome does not
need to point to the base station. In the smart antenna with no internal radio, then the Wi-Fi
antenna is routed to the TNC connector, so when using Wi-Fi in this receiver, it is essential to use
the supplied black whip antenna.

Using the SPS985 Wi-Fi with the SCS900 software

To set up the SPS985 Wi-Fi to both transmit GNSS corrections (in the case of a base station) and set
up a SPS985 internal Wi-Fi to receive GNSS corrections (in the case of a rover), you will need version

2.91 or later of the SCS900 software. When using the SCS900 software, the SPS985 base station is
automatically configured as an Access Point and the SPS985 rover is configured as a Client.

The use of Wi-Fi in the smart antenna is licence free. The line-of-sight range can be greater than 300
m although it is restricted if trees, machines, or buildings are between the base station and the
rover receiver.

Setting up an SPS985 as a Wi-Fi base station without the SCS900 software

1.

Ensure the smart antenna has the Accuracy mode to set Base (Precise Base mode) (Select
Receiver Status / Receiver Options):

2.

Set the smart antenna as the Access Point. To do this, select Wi-Fi / Access point with the
following configuration:

3. Select I/O Configuration / Port Configuration.

4. Create a UDP. To do this:

a.

Select the Client check box (because we are sending. Clients send, Servers listen).

b.

Select the Output only option.

c. Select the UDP Mode check box.

d. In the Remote IP field, enter 255. 255.255.255, Port: 2101.

5.

Click OK. The following port information is displayed in the I/O Configuration page:

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 24

6. Save the configuration. Select Receiver Configuration / Application File. Select the Store
Current File option.

7. Turn off the smart antenna and then turn on again. Wait for two minutes until the SSID is
updated.

Setting up an SPS985 Wi-Fi Rover without the SCS900 software

1.

You must have the Rover mode (Location RTK or Precise RTK ) selected.

Set the smart antenna as the client. To do this, select Wi-Fi / Client under Client Configuration.

2.

Click Save and Reboot. The receiver is now in Client mode, which means it is not in Access
Point mode so your computer will not see an SSID (you will not be able to log in using Wi-Fi).

3.

Connect your computer to the SPS985 Rover web interface. To do this, either use the USB cable
that is supplied with the SPS985 smart antenna, or use Bluetooth wireless technology. To set
up the PPP connection from a computer to the smart antenna, see Configuring the receiver

using a web browser and Bluetooth wireless technology (Windows 7), page 1.

4.

Go to the Client web interface page (see Client mode).

5. Under Client Configuration, select Scan For Networks. Select your Access Point from the drop­down list.

6.

Enter the Access Points Encryption key and click Connect:

7.

In the I/O page create an UDP port with the same port number as created on the base station
previously.

8.

The SPS985 I/O Configuration should be as follows:

Resetting the receiver to factory defaults

To reset the receiver to its factory defaults, do one of the following:

l

Press for 15 seconds.

l

In the GPS Configurator software, select Connect to Receiver and then click Reset Receiver in
the General tab.

l

In the Configuration Toolbox software, select the General tab and then click Reset Receiver.

For more information on the GPS Configurator and Configuration Toolbox software, refer to the
"Configuring the Receiver Settings" section of the Trimble SPS Series Receiver Help.

For more information on the GPS Configurator and Configuration Toolbox software, see Configuring
the Receiver Settings.

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 25

Logging data

Data logging involves the collection of GNSS measurement data over a period of time at a static
point or points, and subsequent postprocessing of the information to accurately compute baseline
information. Data logging using receivers requires access to suitable GNSS postprocessing software
such as the Trimble Business Center software.

Postprocessed GNSS data is typically used for control network measurement applications and
precise monitoring. GNSS measurement data is collected over a period of time at a static point or
points and then postprocessed to accurately compute baseline information.

Logging data after a power loss

If power is unexpectedly lost while the receiver is logging data, the receiver tries to return to the
state it was in immediately before the power loss. The receiver does not reset itself to default
settings.

If the receiver was logging data when power was lost, it resumes logging data when power is
restored.

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 26

Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting receiver issues

This section describes some possible receiver issues, possible causes, and how to solve them. Please
read this section before you contact Technical Support.

The receiver does not turn on

Possible cause Solution

External power is too low. Check the charge on the external power supply, and check the

fuse if applicable. If required, replace the battery.

Internal power is too low. Do the following:

l

Check the charge on the internal batteries and replace if
required.

l

Ensure battery contacts are clean.

External power is not properly
connected.

Faulty external power cable. Do the following:

Do the following:

l

Check that the Lemo connection is seated properly.

l

Check for broken or bent pins in the connector.

l

Try a different cable.

l

Check pinouts with multimeter to ensure internal wiring is
intact.

The receiver is not tracking any satellites

Possible cause Solution

The GNSS antenna does not have
clear line of sight to the sky.

Ensure that the antenna has a clear line of sight.

The receiver does not log data

Possible cause Solution

Insufficient memory in the
internal memory.

Delete old files. Press the Power button for 30 seconds.

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 27

The receiver is not responding

Possible cause Solution

The receiver needs a soft reset. Turn off the receiver and then turn it back on again. For more

information, see

The receiver needs a full reset. Press the Power button for 30 seconds. For more information,

Button and LED operations, page 20

see

Button and LED operations, page 20

.

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 28

Glossary

1PPS

almanac

base station

BeiDou

Pulse-per-second. Used in hardware timing. A pulse is generated in conjunction
with a time stamp. This defines the instant when the time stamp is applicable.

A file that contains orbit information on all the satellites, clock corrections, and
atmospheric delay parameters. The almanac is transmitted by a GNSS satellite to
a GNSS receiver, where it facilitates rapid acquisition of GNSS signals when you
start collecting data, or when you have lost track of satellites and are trying to
regain GNSS signals.

The orbit information is a subset of the ephemeris/ephemerides data.

Also called reference station. In construction, a base station is a receiver placed
at a known point on a jobsite that tracks the same satellites as an RTK rover, and
provides a real-time differential correction message stream through radio to the
rover, to obtain centimeter level positions on a continuous real-time basis. A
base station can also be a part of a virtual reference station network, or a
location at which GNSS observations are collected over a period of time, for
subsequent postprocessing to obtain the most accurate position for the location.

The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (also known as BDS) is a Chinese satellite
navigation system.

The first BeiDou system (known as BeiDou-1), consists of four satellites and has
limited coverage and applications. It has been offering navigation services
mainly for customers in China and from neighboring regions since 2000.

broadcast server

carrier

carrier frequency

carrier phase

The second generation of the system (known as BeiDou-2) consists of 14
satellites in a combination of geostationary, inclined geosynchronous, and
medium earth orbit configurations. It became operational with coverage of
China in December 2011. However, the complete Interface Control Document
(which specifies the satellite messages) was not released until December 2012.
BeiDou-2 is a regional navigation service which offers services to customers in
the Asia-Pacific region.

A third generation of the BeiDou system is planned, which will expand coverage
globally. This generation is currently scheduled to be completed by 2020.

An Internet server that manages authentication and password control for a
network of VRS servers, and relays VRS corrections from the VRS server that
you select.

A radio wave having at least one characteristic (such as frequency, amplitude, or
phase) that can be varied from a known reference value by modulation.

The frequency of the unmodulated fundamental output of a radio transmitter.
The GPS L1 carrier frequency is 1575.42 MHz.

Is the cumulative phase count of the GPS or GLONASS carrier signal at a given
time.

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 29

cellular modems

A wireless adaptor that connects a laptop computer to a cellular phone system
for data transfer. Cellular modems, which contain their own antennas, plug into
a PC Card slot or into the USB port of the computer and are available for a
variety of wireless data services such as GPRS.

CMR/CMR+

CMRx

covariance

datum

Compact Measurement Record. A real-time message format developed by
Trimble for broadcasting corrections to other Trimble receivers. CMR is a more
efficient alternative to RTCM.

A real-time message format developed by Trimble for transmitting more
satellite corrections resulting from more satellite signals, more constellations,
and more satellites. Its compactness means more repeaters can be used on a
site.

A statistical measure of the variance of two random variables that are observed
or measured in the same mean time period. This measure is equal to the
product of the deviations of corresponding values of the two variables from
their respective means.

Also called geodetic datum. A mathematical model designed to best fit the
geoid, defined by the relationship between an ellipsoid and, a point on the
topographic surface, established as the origin of the datum. World geodetic
datums are typically defined by the size and shape of an ellipsoid and the
relationship between the center of the ellipsoid and the center of the earth.

Because the earth is not a perfect ellipsoid, any single datum will provide a
better model in some locations than in others. Therefore, various datums have
been established to suit particular regions.

For example, maps in Europe are often based on the European datum of 1950
(ED-50). Maps in the United States are often based on the North American
datum of 1927 (NAD-27) or 1983 (NAD-83).

deep discharge

DGPS

differential correction

differential GPS

DOP

All GPS coordinates are based on the WGS-84 datum surface.

Withdrawal of all electrical energy to the end-point voltage before the cell or
battery is recharged.

See real-time differential GPS.

Differential correction is the process of correcting GNSS data collected on a

rover with data collected simultaneously at a base station. Because the base

station is on a known location, any errors in data collected at the base station
can be measured, and the necessary corrections applied to the rover data.

Differential correction can be done in real-time, or after the data is collected by

postprocessing.

See real-time differential GPS.

Dilution of Precision. A measure of the quality of GNSS positions, based on the
geometry of the satellites used to compute the positions. When satellites are

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 30

widely spaced relative to each other, the DOP value is lower, and position
precision is greater. When satellites are close together in the sky, the DOP is
higher and GNSS positions may contain a greater level of error.

PDOP (Position DOP) indicates the three-dimensional geometry of the satellites.

Other DOP values include HDOP(Horizontal DOP) and VDOP (Vertical DOP),
which indicate the precision of horizontal measurements (latitude and
longitude) and vertical measurements respectively. PDOP is related to HDOP
and VDOP as follows: PDOP² = HDOP² + VDOP².

dual-frequency GPS

EGNOS

elevation

elevation mask

ellipsoid

A type of receiver that uses both L1 and L2 signals from GPS satellites. A dual­frequency receiver can compute more precise position fixes over longer
distances and under more adverse conditions because it compensates for
ionospheric delays.

European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service. A Satellite-Based
Augmentation System (SBAS) that provides a free-to-air differential correction
service for GNSS. EGNOS is the European equivalent of WAAS, which is available
in the United States.

The vertical distance from a geoid such as EGM96 to the antenna phase center.
The geoid is sometimes referred to as Mean Sea Level. In the SPS GNSS
receivers, a user-defined sub gridded geoid can be loaded and used, or for a
small site, an inclined vertical plane adjustment is used as an approximation to
the geoid for a small site.

The angle below which the receiver will not track satellites. Normally set to 10
degrees to avoid interference problems caused by buildings and trees,
atmospheric issues, and multipath errors.

An ellipsoid is the three-dimensional shape that is used as the basis for
mathematically modeling the earth’s surface. The ellipsoid is defined by the
lengths of the minor and major axes. The earth’s minor axis is the polar axis and
the major axis is the equatorial axis.

EHT

ephem­eris/ephemerides

epoch

feature

Height above ellipsoid.

A list of predicted (accurate) positions or locations of satellites as a function of
time. A set of numerical parameters that can be used to determine a satellite’s
position. Available as broadcast ephemeris or as postprocessed precise
ephemeris.

The measurement interval of a GNSS receiver. The epoch varies according to
the measurement type: for real-time measurement it is set at one second; for
postprocessed measurement it can be set to a rate of between one second and
one minute. For example, if data is measured every 15 seconds, loading data
using 30-second epochs means loading every alternate measurement.

A feature is a physical object or event that has a location in the real world, which
you want to collect position and/or descriptive information (attributes) about.
Features can be classified as surface or non-surface features, and again as

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 31

points, lines/break lines, or boundaries/areas.

firmware

Galileo

geoid

GHT

GLONASS

GNSS

GSOF

HDOP

The program inside the receiver that controls receiver operations and
hardware.

Galileo is a GNSS system built by the European Union and the European Space
Agency. It is complimentary to GPS and GLONASS.

The geoid is the equipotential surface that would coincide with the mean ocean
surface of the Earth. For a small site this can be approximated as an inclined
plane above the Ellipsoid.

Height above geoid.

Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System. GLONASS is a Soviet space-based
navigation system comparable to the American GPS system. The operational
system consists of 21 operational and 3 non-operational satellites in 3 orbit
planes.

Global Navigation Satellite System.

General Serial Output Format. A Trimble proprietary message format.

Horizontal Dilution of Precision. HDOP is a DOPvalue that indicates the precision
of horizontal measurements. Other DOP values include VDOP (vertical DOP) and

PDOP (Position DOP).

height

IBSS

L1

L2

L2C

L5

Using a maximum HDOP is ideal for situations where vertical precision is not
particularly important, and your position yield would be decreased by the
vertical component of the PDOP (for example, if you are collecting data under
canopy).

The vertical distance above the Ellipsoid. The classic Ellipsoid used in GPS is
WGS-84.

Internet Base Station Service. This Trimble service makes the setup of an
Internet-capable receiver as simple as possible. The base station can be
connected to the Internet (cable or wirelessly). To access the distribution
server, the user enters a password into the receiver. To use the server, the user
must have a Trimble Connected Community site license.

The primary L-band carrier used by GPS and GLONASS satellites to transmit
satellite data.

The secondary L-band carrier used by GPS and GLONASS satellites to transmit
satellite data.

A modernized code that allows significantly better ability to track the L2
frequency.

The third L-band carrier used by GPS satellites to transmit satellite data. L5 will
provide a higher power level than the other carriers. As a result, acquiring and

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 32

tracking weak signals will be easier.

Mountpoint

MSAS

multipath

NMEA

NTrip Protocol

Every single NTripSource needs a unique mountpoint on an NTripCaster. Before
transmitting GNSS data to the NTripCaster, the NTripServer sends an assignment
of the mountpoint.

MTSAT Satellite-Based Augmentation System. A Satellite-Based Augmentation
System (SBAS) that provides a free-to-air differential correction service for
GNSS. MSAS is the Japanese equivalent of WAAS, which is available in the United
States.

Interference, similar to ghosts on an analog television screen, that occurs when
GNSS signals arrive at an antenna having traversed different paths. The signal
traversing the longer path yields a larger pseudorange estimate and increases
the error. Multiple paths can arise from reflections off the ground or off
structures near the antenna.

National Marine Electronics Association. NMEA 0183 defines the standard for
interfacing marine electronic navigational devices. This standard defines a
number of 'strings' referred to as NMEA strings that contain navigational details
such as positions. Most Trimble GNSS receivers can output positions as NMEA
strings.

Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol (NTrip) is an application­level protocol that supports streaming Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
data over the Internet. NTrip is a generic, stateless protocol based on the
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). The HTTP objects are extended to GNSS data
streams.

NTripCaster

NTripClient

NTripServer

The NTripCaster is basically an HTTP server supporting a subset of HTTP
request/response messages and adjusted to low-bandwidth streaming data. The
NTripCaster accepts request messages on a single port from either the
NTripServer or the NTripClient. Depending on these messages, the NTripCaster
decides whether there is streaming data to receive or to send.

Trimble NTripCaster integrates the NTripServer and the NTripCaster. This port is
used only to accept requests from NTripClients.

An NTripClient will be accepted by and receive data from an NTripCaster, if the
NTripClient sends the correct request message (TCP/UDP connection to the
specified NTripCaster IP and listening port).

The NTripServer is used to transfer GNSS data of an NTripSource to the
NTripCaster. An NTripServer in its simplest setup is a computer program running
on a PC that sends correction data of an NTripSource (for example, as received
through the serial communication port from a GNSS receiver) to the
NTripCaster.

The NTripServer - NTripCaster communication extends HTTP by additional
message formats and status codes.

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 33

NTripSource

The NTripSources provide continuous GNSS data (for example, RTCM-104
corrections) as streaming data. A single source represents GNSS data referring
to a specific location. Source description parameters are compiled in the
source-table.

OmniSTAR

Orthometric elevation

PDOP

postprocessing

QZSS

real-time differential
GPS

The OmniSTAR HP/XP service allows the use of new generation dual-frequency
receivers with the OmniSTAR service. The HP/XP service does not rely on local
reference stations for its signal, but utilizes a global satellite monitoring network.
Additionally, while most current dual-frequency GNSS systems are accurate to
within a meter or so, OmniSTAR with XP is accurate in 3D to better than 30 cm.

The Orthometric Elevation is the height above the geoid (often termed the
height above the 'Mean Sea Level').

Position Dilution of Precision. PDOP is a DOP value that indicates the precision of
three-dimensional measurements. Other DOP values include VDOP (vertical
DOP) and HDOP (Horizontal Dilution of Precision).

Using a maximum PDOP value is ideal for situations where both vertical and
horizontal precision are important.

Postprocessing is the processing of satellite data after it is collected, in order to
eliminate error. This involves using computer software to compare data from
the rover with data collected at the base station.

Quasi-Zenith Satellite System. A Japanese regional GNSS eventually consisting of
three geosynchronous satellites over Japan.

Also known as real-time differential correction or DGPS. Real-time differential
GPS is the process of correcting GPS data as you collect it. Corrections are
calculated at a base station and then sent to the receiver through a radio link. As
the rover receives the position it applies the corrections to give you a very
accurate position in the field.

rover

Roving mode

RTCM

Most real-time differential correction methods apply corrections to code phase
positions.

While DGPS is a generic term, its common interpretation is that it entails the use
of single-frequency code phase data sent from a GNSS base station to a rover
GNSS receiver to provide sub-meter position. The rover receiver can be at a
long range (greater than 100 kms (62 miles)) from the base station.

A rover is any mobile GNSS receiver that is used to collect or update data in the
field, typically at an unknown location.

Roving mode applies to the use of a rover receiver to collect data, stakeout, or
control earthmoving machinery in real time using RTK techniques.

Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services. A commission established to
define a differential data link for the real-time differential correction of roving
GNSS receivers. There are three versions of RTCM correction messages. All

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 34

Trimble GNSS receivers use Version 2 protocol for single-frequency DGPS type
corrections. Carrier phase corrections are available on Version 2, or on the
newer Version 3 RTCM protocol, which is available on certain Trimble dual­frequency receivers. The Version 3 RTCM protocol is more compact but is not as
widely supported as Version 2.

RTK

SBAS

signal-to-noise ratio

skyplot

SNR

Source-table

real-time kinematic. A real-time differential GPS method that uses carrier

phasemeasurements for greater.

Satellite-Based Augmentation System. SBAS is based on differential GPS, but
applies to wide area (WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS) networks of reference stations.
Corrections and additional information are broadcast using geostationary
satellites.

SNR. The signal strength of a satellite is a measure of the information content of
the signal, relative to the signal’s noise. The typical SNR of a satellite at 30°
elevation is between 47 and 50 dBHz.

The satellite skyplot confirms reception of a differentially corrected GNSS signal
and displays the number of satellites tracked by the GNSS receiver, as well as
their relative positions.

See signal-to-noise ratio.

The NTripCaster maintains a source-table containing information on available
NTripSources, networks of NTripSources, and NTripCasters, to be sent to an
NTripClient on request. Source-table records are dedicated to one of the
following:

l

data STReams (record type STR)

l

CASters (record type CAS)

l

NETworks of data streams (record type NET)

triple frequency GPS

UTC

VRS

All NTripClients must be able to decode record type STR. Decoding types CAS
and NET is an optional feature. All data fields in the source-table records are
separated using the semicolon character.

A type of receiver that uses three carrier phase measurements (L1, L2, and L5).

Universal Time Coordinated. A time standard based on local solar mean time at
the Greenwich meridian.

Virtual Reference Station. A VRS system consists of GNSS hardware, software,
and communication links. It uses data from a network of base stations to provide
corrections to each rover that are more accurate than corrections from a single
base station.

To start using VRS corrections, the rover sends its position to the VRS server. The
VRS server uses the base station data to model systematic errors (such as
ionospheric noise) at the rover position. It then sends RTCM correction
messages back to the rover.

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 35

WAAS

Wide Area Augmentation System. WAAS was established by the Federal
Aviation Administration (FAA) for flight and approach navigation for civil aviation.
WAAS improves the accuracy and availability of the basic GNSS signals over its
coverage area, which includes the continental United States and outlying parts
of Canada and Mexico.

The WAAS system provides correction data for visible satellites. Corrections are
computed from ground station observations and then uploaded to two
geostationary satellites. This data is then broadcast on the L1 frequency, and is
tracked using a channel on the GNSS receiver, exactly like a GNSS satellite.

Use WAAS when other correction sources are unavailable, to obtain greater
accuracy than autonomous positions. For more information on WAAS, refer to
the FAA website at http://gps.faa.gov.

The EGNOS service is the European equivalent and MSAS is the Japanese
equivalent of WAAS.

WGS-84

World Geodetic System 1984. Since January 1987, WGS-84 has superseded
WGS-72 as the datum used by GPS.

The WGS-84 datum is based on the ellipsoid of the same name.

SPS985 GNSS Smart Antenna Getting Started Guide 36