Trane TTA073D, TTA090D, TTA120D, TTA120E, TTA120F Application Manual
...
Application Guide
Tube Size and Component
Selection
for TTA and TWA Split Systems (6-20 Tons)
Using Refrigerant 410A
Model Numbers:
TTA073D TTA090D TTA120D
TTA120E TTA120F TTA150E
TTA180E TTA180F TTA240E
TTA240F TWA073D TWA120D
TWA180E TWA240E TWA090
October 2009
SS-APG008-EN
Warnings, Cautions and Notices
Warnings, Cautions and Notices. Note that warnings, cautions and notices appear at
appropriate intervals throughout this manual. Warnings are provided to alert installing contractors
to potential hazards that could result in personal injury or death. Cautions are designed to alert
personnel to hazardous situations that could result in personal injury, while notices indicate a
situation that could result in equipment or property-damage-only accidents.
Your personal safety and the proper operation of this machine depend upon the strict observance
of these precautions.
ATTENTION: Warnings, Cautions and Notices appear at appropriate sections throughout
this literature. Read these carefully.
WARNING: Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could
result in death or serious injury.
CAUTION: Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could
result in minor or moderate injury. It could also be used to alert against unsafe practices.
NOTICE: Indicates a situation that could result in equipment or property-damage-only
accidents.
Important
Environmental Concerns!
Scientific research has shown that certain man-made chemicals can affect the earth's naturally
occurring stratospheric ozone layer when released to the atmosphere. In particular, several of the
identified chemicals that may affect the ozone layer are refrigerants that contain Chlorine, Fluorine
and Carbon (CFCs) and those containing Hydrogen, Chlorine, Fluorine and Carbon (HCFCs). Not all
refrigerants containing these compounds have the same potential impact to the environment.
Trane advocates the responsible handling of all refrigerants-including industry replacements for
CFCs such as HCFCs and HFCs.
Responsible Refrigerant Practices!
Trane believes that responsible refrigerant practices are important to the environment, our
customers, and the air conditioning industry. All technicians who handle refrigerants must be
certified. The Federal Clean Air Act (Section 608) sets forth the requirements for handling,
reclaiming, recovering and recycling of certain refrigerants and the equipment that is used in these
service procedures. In addition, some states or municipalities may have additional requirements
that must also be adhered to for responsible management of refrigerants. Know the applicable
laws and follow them.
WARNING
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Required!
Installing/servicing this unit could result in exposure to electrical, mechanical and chemical
hazards.
• Before installing/servicing this unit, technicians MUST put on all Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) recommended for the work being undertaken. ALWAYS refer to appropriate
MSDS sheets and OSHA guidelines for proper PPE.
• When working with or around hazardous chemicals, ALWAYS refer to the appropriate MSDS
sheets and OSHA guidelines for information on allowable personal exposure levels, proper
respiratory protection and handling recommendations.
SS-APG008-EN © 2009 Trane All rights reserved
Warnings, Cautions and Notices
• If there is a risk of arc or flash, technicians MUST put on all necessary Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) in accordance with NFPA70E for arc/flash protection PRIOR to servicing the
unit.
Failure to follow recommendations could result in death or serious injury.
ii SS-APG008-EN
Introduction
This application guide provides refrigerant piping guidelines for Trane® Models TTA and TWA aircooled condensing units that range in size from 6 through 20 tons. Use the information presented
here to properly select interconnecting piping and refrigerant components for these systems.
These systems are designed and intended for the use of R-410A and POE oil. All components of the
system must also be designed and intended for R-410A and POE oil.
This publication also outlines an “envelope” of application that is based on the proximity of the
refrigerant components. The guidelines presented pertain specifically to the operating envelope
for standard air-conditioning applications that deliver either a constant or variable volume of
airflow and that provide no more than 45 percent ventilation (outdoor) air.
Prospective applications outside this operating envelope—including low-ambient, process, and
100-percent outdoor-air applications—must be reviewed by Trane to help ensure proper
performance.
WARNING
R-410A Refrigerant under Higher Pressure than R-22!
The units described in this manual use R-410A refrigerant, which operates at higher pressures
than R-22 refrigerant. Use ONLY R-410A rated service equipment or components with this unit.
For specific handling concerns with R-410A, please contact your local Trane representative.
Failure to use R-410A rated service equipment or components could result in equipment or
components exploding under R-410A high pressures which could result in death, serious injury,
or equipment damage.
Trademarks
Trane and the Trane logo are trademarks of Trane in the United States and other countries. All
trademarks referenced in this document are the trademarks of their respective owners.
© 2009 Trane All rights reserved SS-APG008-EN
Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Updated Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Line Sizing, Routing, and Component Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Liquid Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Gas Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Liquid Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Suction Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Equipment Placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Line Sizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Line Sizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Expansion Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Hot Gas Bypass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Remodel, Retrofit, or Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Refrigerant Piping Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
iv SS-APG008-EN
Overview
vapor or gas
line
Trane’s TTA and TWA 6- through 20-ton condensing unit product line (specific model numbers are
listed on the cover) has been designed for use only with R-410A and POE oil. R-410A is a higher
pressure refrigerant that requires the other components of the system to be rated for the higher
pressures. For compressor lubrication, the refrigerant requires POE oil.
Traditionally, refrigerant piping practices were guided by four principles:
• Return the oil to the compressor.
• Maintain a column of liquid at the expansion valve.
• Minimize the loss of capacity.
• Minimize the refrigerant charge in the system.
These piping practices are the same for R-410A and POE oil. However, because of the different mass
flows and pressures, the line diameter required to carry the oil and refrigerant may not be the same
as a similar tonnage R-22 unit. Also, the allowable pressure drop may be greater for R-410A than
R-22.
Evidence accumulated over years of observation demonstrates that the lower the refrigerant
charge, the more reliably a split air-conditioning system performs. Any amount of refrigerant in
excess of the minimum design charge becomes difficult to manage. The excess refrigerant tends
to collect in areas that can interfere with proper operation and eventually shortens the service life
of the system.
To successfully minimize the system refrigerant charge, the correct line size should be used and the
line length must be kept to a minimum.
Background
In a split air-conditioning system, the four major components of the refrigeration system are
connected by field-assembled refrigerant piping (Figure 1). A vapor or gas line connects the
evaporator to the compressor, the discharge line connects the compressor to the condenser, and
the liquid line connects the condenser to the expansion device, which is located near the
evaporator inlet. Operational problems can occur if these refrigerant lines are designed or installed
improperly.
Figure 1. Interconnecting refrigerant lines in a typical split air-conditioning system
SS-APG008-EN 1
Overview
The origin of the requirements for equivalent line lengths of components, line pressure drop, and
minimum and maximum refrigerant velocities is uncertain. It appears likely that at least some of
the supporting data was derived from measurements and/or equations involving water. Some
resource materials even show water components when illustrating refrigerant piping
requirements.
Subsequent reviews of analytical and empirical data for refrigerant piping resulted in the
publication of two research papers: Pressure Losses in Tubing, Pipe, and Fittings by R.J.S. Pigott
and Refrigerant Piping Systems—Refrigerants 12, 22, 500 by the American Society of
Refrigeration Engineers (ASRE). In his paper, Pigott described his use of refrigerant as the fluid
and his direct measurement of pressure drops. His findings indicated that the pressure drop of
many line components is small and difficult to measure. For these components, he used
experimental data to derive a formula relating the geometry of the component to its pressure
drop. Overall, his calculated pressure loss of the components was less than originally
determined.
The conclusion of the ASRE research paper stated that the minimum required velocity to
maintain oil entrainment in vertical risers and horizontal lines will vary with the diameter of the
tube and with the saturation temperature of the suction gas. In other words, the minimum
required velocity for oil entrainment is not constant.
Updated Guidelines
Liquid Lines
Historically, liquid lines were sized to minimize the pressure losses within the piping circuit. Oil
movement through the piping wasn’t a concern (nor is it today) because oil is miscible in liquid
refrigerant at normal liquid-line temperatures. The historic and traditional 6 psid liquid line
pressure drop had the unintended consequence of requiring line sizes with large internal
refrigerant volumes. Since our objective is also to minimize the refrigerant charge to make the
most reliable systems, we increased the allowable liquid pressure drop to 35 psid (R-22), which
allows for the selection of a smaller liquid line while still maintaining refrigeration operation.
With R-410A refrigerant and POE oil, this pressure drop can be as high as 50 psid. Within these
guidelines, refrigeration operation is maintained while minimizing the refrigerant charge. It is
still required to limit the liquid line velocity to 600 ft/min to help avoid issues with water hammer.
Suction Lines
R-410A is a high-pressure refrigerant and allows higher-pressure drops in the suction lines. With
R-22, a 2°F loss in the suction line means a pressure drop of 3 psi. With R-410A refrigerant, that
same 2°F loss is a 5 psi drop. Additional pressure drop may be tolerated in certain applications.
R-410A refrigerant suction lines must be sized to maintain oil-entrainment velocities in both the
horizontal lines and vertical risers. Oil entrainment for R-410A is based on suction temperature as
well as tube diameter. At the time of this writing, no known direct oil-entrainment tests have been
published. Trane has used ASHRAE data to create equation-based formulas to predict the
entrainment velocities of R-410A refrigerant and POE oil. These minimum velocities are reflected
in the line sizes listed in the component selection summary tables (Tab l e 2, p. 20 , and Tab l e 3 ,
p. 21).
2 SS-APG008-EN
Equipment Placement
Minimize Distance Between Components
For a split air-conditioning system to perform as reliably and inexpensively as possible, the
refrigerant charge must be kept to a minimum. To help accomplish this design goal:
• Site the outdoor unit (cooling-only condensing unit or heat pump) as close to the indoor unit
as possible.
• Route each interconnecting refrigerant line by the shortest and most direct path so that line
lengths and riser heights are no longer than absolutely necessary.
• Use only horizontal and vertical piping configurations.
• Determine whether the total length of each refrigerant line requires Trane review. Be sure to
account for the difference in elevations of the indoor and outdoor units when calculating the
total line length.
Interconnecting lines of 150 lineal ft (45.7 m) or less do not require Trane review, but only a
limited amount may be in a riser (see Figure 2, Figure 3, and Figure 4).
Overview
SS-APG008-EN 3
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