Topcon America 090531 Users Manual

HiPerII Chapter 1

Introduction

The HiPerII receiver is a multi-frequency, GPS+ receiver built to be the most advanced and
compact receiver for the surveying market. The receiver is a multi-function, multi-purpose
receiver intended for precision markets.
Precision markets means markets for equipment, subsystems, components and software for
surveying, construction, commercial mapping, civil engineering, precision agriculture and
land-based construction and agriculture machine control, photogrammetry mapping,
hydrographic and any use reasonably related to the foregoing.
The HiPerII can receive and processes multiple signal types ( including the latest GPS L1, L2,
C/A, L2C GLONASS L1, L2, C/A signals ) improving the accuracy and reliability of the survey
points and positions, especially under difficult jobsite conditions. The multifrequency and
GPS+ features of the receiver combine to provide a positioning system accurate for any survey.
Several other features, including multipath mitigation, provide under-canopy and low signal
strength reception. The receiver provides the functionality, accuracy, availability, and integrity
needed for fast and easy data collection.

Figure 1-1. HiPerII Receiver

Principles of Operation

Surveying with the right GPS receiver can provide users accurate and precise positioning, a
requirement for any surveying project. This section gives an overview of existing and
proposed Global Navigation Satellite Systems ( GNSS ) and receiver functions so that basic
operating principles can be applied.

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GNSS Overview

Currently, the following two global navigation satellite systems ( GNSS ) offer line-of-site radio
navigation and positioning, velocity, and time services on a global, all-weather scale to any user
equipped with a GNSS tracking receiver on or near the Earth's surface:
 GPS - the Global Positioning System maintained and operated by the United States

Department of Defense. For information on the status of this system, visit the US Naval
Observatory website ( http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/ ) or the US Coast Guard website
( http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/ ).

 GLONASS - the Global Navigation Satellite System maintained and operated by the Russian

Federation Ministry of Defense. For information on the status of this system, visit the

Coordinational Scientific In-formation Center website ( http://www.glonass-ianc.rsa.ru/ ).
Despite numerous technical differences in the implementation of these systems, satellite
positioning systems have three essential components:
 Space - GPS and GLONASS satellites orbit approximately 12,000 nautical miles above Earth

and are equipped with a clock and radio. These satellites broadcast ranging signals and

various digital information ( ephemerides, almanacs, time and frequency corrections, and

so forth ).
 Control - Ground stations located around the Earth that monitor the satellites and upload

data, including clock corrections and new ephemerides ( satellite positions as a function of

time ), to ensure the satellites transmit data properly.
 User - The community and military that use GNSS receivers to calculate positions.

Calculating Absolute Positions

When calculating an absolute position, a stationary or moving receiver determines its
three-dimensional position with respect to the origin of an Earth-Center Earth-Fixed coordinate
system. To calculate this position, the receiver measures the distance ( called pseudo-ranges )
between it and at least four satellites.
The measured pseudo- ranges are corrected for clock differences ( receiver and satellites ) and
signal propagation delays due to atmospheric effects. The positions of the satellites are
computed from the ephemeris data transmitted to the receiver in navigation messages. When
using a single satellite system, the minimum number of satellites needed to compute a position
is four. In a mixed satellite scenario ( GPS, GLONASS ), the receiver must lock onto five or
more satellites to account for the different time scales used in these systems and to obtain an
absolute position.

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Calculating Differential Positions

DGPS, or Differential GPS, is a relative positioning technique where the measurements from two
or more remote receivers are combined and processed using sophisticated algorithms to
calculate the receivers' relative coordinates with high accuracy. DGPS accommodates various
implementation techniques that can be classified according to the following criteria:
 The type of GNSS measurements used, either code-phase differential measurements or

carrier-phase differential measurements
 If real-time or post-mission results required. Real-time applications can be further divided

according to the source of differential data and communication link used.
With DGPS in its most traditional approach, one receiver is placed at a known, surveyed location
and is re ferred to as the referen ce receiver or base station. Another receiver is placed at an
unknown location and is referred to as the remote receiver or rover. The reference station
collects the code-phase and carrier-phase measurements from each GNSS satellite in view.
 For real-time applications, these measurements and the reference station coordinates are

then built up to the industry standard RTCM - or various proprietary standards established

for transmitting differential data - and broadcast to the remote receiver ( s ) using a data

communication link. The remote receiver applies the transmitted measurement

information to its observed measurements of the same satellites.
 For post-mission applications, the simultaneous measurements from reference and rover

stations are normally re-corded to the receiver's internal memory ( not sent over

communication link ). Later, the data are downloaded to computer, combined, and

processed. Using this technique, the spatially correlated errors - such as satellite orbital

errors, ionospheric errors, and tropospheric errors - can be significantly reduced, thus

improving the position solution accuracy.
A number of differential positioning implementations exist, including post-processing surveying,
real-time kinematic surveying, maritime radio beacons, geostationary satellites ( as with the
OmniSTAR service ), and satellite based augmentation systems ( WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS ).
The real-time kinematic (RTK) method is the most precise method of real-time surveying. RTK
requires at least two receivers collecting navigation data and communication data link between
the receivers. One of the receivers is usually at a known location ( Base ) and the other is at
an unknown location ( Rover ). The Base receiver collects carrier phase measurements,
generates RTK corrections, and sends this data to the Rover receiver. The Rover processes this
transmitted data with its own carrier phase observations to compute its relative position with
high accuracy, achieving an RTK accuracy of up to 1.0 cm horizontal and 2.0 cm vertical.

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Essential Components for Quality Surveying

Achieving quality position results requires the following elements:
 Accuracy - The accuracy of a position primarily depends upon the satellite geometry

( Geometric Dilution of Precision, or GDOP ) and the measurement (ranging) errors.

 Differential positioning ( DGPS and RTK ) strongly mitigates atmospheric and orbital

errors, and counteracts Selective Availability ( SA ) signals the US Department of
Defense transmits with GPS signals.

 The more satellites in view, the stronger the signal, the lower the DOP number, the

higher positioning accuracy.

 Availability - The availability of satellites affects the calculation of valid positions. The

more visible satellites available, the more valid and accurate the position. Natural and

man-made objects can block, interrupt, and distort signals, lowering the number of

available satellites and adversely affectin g signal reception.
 Integrity - Fault tolerance allows a position to have greater integrity, increasing accuracy.

Several factors combine to provide fault tolerance, including:

 Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring ( RAIM ) detects faulty GNSS satellites and

removes them from the position calculation .

 Five or more visible satellites for only GPS or only GLONASS; six or more satellites

for mixed scenario

 Satellite Based Augmentation Systems ( WAAS, EGNOS, and so on ) creates and

transmit, along with DGPS corrections, data integrity information ( for example,
satellite health warnings ).

 Current ephemerides and almanacs.

Conclusion

This overview simply outlines the basics of satellite positioning. For more detailed information,
visit the Sokkia Topcon website.

Receiver Overview

When power is turned on and the receiver self-test completes, the receiver's 72 channels
initialize and begin tracking visible satellites. Each of the receiver's channels can be used to
track any one of the GPS or GALILEO signals. The number of channels available allows the
receiver to track all visible global positioning satellites at any time and location.

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An internal GPS+ antenna equipped with a low noise amplifier ( LNA ) and the receiver's radio
frequency ( RF ) device are connected with a co-axial cable. The wide-band signal received is
down-converted, filtered, digitized, and assigned to different channels. The receiver processor
controls the process of signal tracking.
Once the signal is locked in the channel, it is demodulated and necessary signal parameters
( carrier and code phases ) are measured. Also, broadcast navigation data are retrieved from
the navigation frame.
After the receiver locks on to four or more satellites, its absolute position in WGS-84 and the
time offset between the receiver clock and GPS time are computed. This information and the
measurement data can be stored in the optional SD card and downloaded later onto a computer,
then processed using a post-processing software package. When the receiver operates in RTK
mode, raw data measurements can also be recorded into the receiver's internal memory. This
allows the operator to double check real-time results obtained in the field.
Depending on your options, capabilities of the receiver include:

 Satellite based augmentation systems ( WAAS, EGNOS, and so forth ).
 Adjustable phase locked loop ( PLL ) and delay lock loop ( DLL ) parameters
 Dual- or multi-frequency modes, including static, kinematic, real-time kinematic ( RTK ),

and differential GPS ( DGPS ) survey modes ( DGPS modes include static, kinematic, and

RTK )

 Auto data logging
 Setting different mask angles
 Setting different survey parameters
 Static or dynamic modes

Getting Acquainted

The HiPerII is a 72-channel GPS receiver, which includes the following:

 External, detachable batteries
 One data ports
 Interface for controlling and viewing data logging
 External memory card slot
 Internal radio modem
 Bluetooth wireless technology module
 Optional GSM/GPRS module
 Optional CDMA module ( only with the Digital UHF radio modem )

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Batteries

The HiPerII receiver comes equipped with one detachable, re-chargeable batteries ( Figure
1-2 ) for powering the receiver.

Figure 1-2. HiPerII Batteries

Please use CDC68 as battery charging cradle.
It takes approximately four hours to completely charge one battery, and eight hours to charge
two batteries. ( In BDC58 use )

HiPerII Receiver

The HiPerII receiver's advanced design reduces the number of cables required for operation,
allowing for more reliable and efficient surveying. The casing allocates space for one
removable, rechargeable batteries, SD and SIM card slots, a Bluetooth wireless technology
module and a radio modem communications board.
The HiPerII comes in one of the following configura-tions:

 with an FH915 Plus TX/RX/RP radio modem and a GSM/GPRS modu le
 with a 1W Digital UHF TX/RX radio modem, depending on the country
 with a Digital UHF radio modem and a GSM/GPRS module
 with a Digital UHF TX/RX radio modem and a CDMA module

Other features include one data ports, a power port, and a MINTER for viewing status and
controlling data input/output.

MINTER

The MINTER is the receiver's minimum interface used to dis-play and control data input and

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A

output ( Figure 1-5 ).

Scheduler

vailable Power Bar

Satellite Tracking Bar

Memory Capacity Bar

Wireless Status

Receiver Health

Serial Port Status

Battery Status

Position Status

Figure 1-5. HiPerII MINTER

File Statius

Available Power Bar indicates battery remaining or voltage.

 Green - indicate greater than 50%.
 Yellow - indicate gr eater than 25%.
 Red - indicate greater than 10%.
 Red blink - indicate less than 10%.

Battery Status LEDs indicates an available battery and the usage condition.

 Green - only battery is available.
 Red - only external power is available.

Radio Status

 Umber - battery and external power are available.
Satellite Tracking Bar indicate number of satellites tracked.

 Green - indicate greater than 8 satellites.
 Yellow - indicate 6 or 7 satellites.
 Red - indicate 4 or 5 satellites.
 Red blink - indicate 3, 2, 1 or 0 satellites.

Position Status LEDs indicate current type position computed.

 Green - Integer RTK or Fix ed RTK.
 Umber - DGPS or Float RTK.
 Red - Single

Memory Capacity Bar indicate a percentage of available space in the memory.

 Green - indicate greater than 50%.
 Yellow - indicate gr eater than 25%.
 Red - indicate greater than 10%.
 Red blink - indicate greater than 0%.

File Status LEDs indicate status of current file.

 Green - file is opened.
 Umber blink - writing are done on the file.
 ( light out ) - file is not opened or there is no memory card in slot.

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Wireless Status LEDs indicate status of the internal Blue-tooth module.

 Blue - internal Bluetooth connection has been established.
 Blue blink - internal Bluetooth connection has not been made, as long as the module has

power.

 Blue dark - internal Bluetooth is not being powered.
 Green flash - date is transmitted from the Bluetooth port.
 Orange flash - date is received from the Bluetooth port.

Radio Status LEDs indicate status of the internal UHF radio and GSM module.

 Yellow - internal radio is being powered.
 Yellow dark - internal radio is not being powered.
 Green flash - date is transmitted from the internal radio port.
 Orange flash - date is received from the internal radio port.

Serial Port Status LEDs indicates status of the serial port.

 Green flash - data is transmitted from the serial port.
 Orange flash - data is received from the serial port.

The power button turns the receiver on, off and receiver setting.
The power button is used to turn the unit on or off, format or erase the internal memory, or
perform a factory reset. The number of seconds that you press the power button de-ter-mines
how the receiver will behave. At each time interval, the receiver issues voice messages or
sounds to guide you through the process.

Action

Tuen on 1

Number of

seconds

Description

Press the button for 1 second and release to turn on the receiver.
The battery life gauge indicates the progress of the startup
sequence.
After startup (approximately 20 seconds), the battery life gauge
indicators will turn off for a short period, and you will hear the
"Receiver Ready" message or sound that indicates that the
system is operational.
Note:
It is normal for the receiver health indicator LEDs to illuminate
during startup.

Tuen off 3

Press the button for 3 seconds and/or until you hear the "Power
Off" message or sound, and the top three battery life gauge
LEDs illuminate.

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Factory

reset

Erase

memory

10

20

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With the receiver on, press the button for 1 0 seconds until you
hear the "Factory Reset" message or sound and the top three
LEDs on the battery life, satellite tracking, and memory gauges
illuminate.
Release the button to reset all stored parameters on the receiver
to their default values.
Note:
This action is irreversible.

With the receiver on, press the button for 20 seconds until you
hear the "Delete Files" message or sound and the top three LEDs
on the memory gauge illuminate.
Release the button to delete all the files from the memory.
Note:
This action is irreversible.
If you are unsure about whether you want to delete all the files,
hold the button longer than 25 seconds, so that the receiver
simply returns to normal operation.
To delete individual files from the memory, use a data collector
or SOKKIA TOPCON software on your PC.

When you hold the button longer than 25 seconds and you hear
the "Continue Operation" message or sound, no action will be

Disregard 25

taken, and the receiver will return to normal operation.
The receiver will not turn off, the data files will not be erased,
and the settings will not revert to factory settings.

Data and Power Ports

The HiPerII has the following three ports (Figure 1-6):

 Serial - rimmed in blue; used for communication between the receiver and an external

device. The body of the connector on the corresponding cable is blue.
 Power - rimmed in red; used to connect the receiver to an external power source. The

body of the connector on the corresponding cable is red.

Figure 1-6. HiPer II Ports

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