Texas Instruments tps51124 Datasheet

75kΩ
9
10
11
12
PGOOD1
EN1
PGOOD2
EN2
TPS51124RGE
13 14 15 16
VBST1
DRVL1
LL1
DRVH1
VBST2
DRVH2
LL2
DRVL2
17
8
7
6 5 4 3 2 1
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
VO1
1.05V/10 A
Q2
IRF8113
L1
Q1
IRF7821
VO2
1.5V/10 A
Q4
IRF8113
L2
Q3
IRF7821
InputVoltage
3Vto28V
PowerPAD
TM
C7
R6
C3
C1
C6
C4
R3
6.8
C8
R7
R1
R2 75
R5
R4
V5IN
4.5Vto5.5V
VO2
VO1
VFB2
TONSEL
GND
VFB1
PGND2
TRIP2
V5FILT
V5IN
TRIP1
PGND1
Power Good2
EN2
C5
C2
Power Good1
EN1
SGND
PGNDPGND
SGND
C9
SGND PGND
PGND
73.2kΩ
kΩ
28.7kΩ
22µF
2x330µF
1µH
10µF
0.1µF
4.7 μF
6.8kΩ
1 μF
3.3Ω kΩ
0.1µF
10µF
1µH
2x330µF
TPS51124
www.ti.com
DUAL SYNCHRONOUS STEP-DOWN CONTROLLER FOR
LOW VOLTAGE POWER RAILS
Check for Samples: TPS51124
1

FEATURES

2
High Efficiency, Low-Power Consumption, Shutdowns to <1 mA
Fixed Frequency Emulated On-Time Control, Frequency Selectable From Three Options
D-CAP™ Mode Enables Fast Transient Response
Auto-Skip Mode
Less Than 1% Initial Reference Accuracy
Low Output Ripple
Wide Input Voltage Range: 3 V to 28 V
Output Voltage Range: 0.76 V to 5.5 V
Low-Side R
Adaptive Gate Drivers With Integrated Boost Diode
Internal 1.2-ms Voltage-Servo Soft Start
Power-Good Signals for Each Channel With Delay Timer
Output Discharge During Disable, Fault

APPLICATIONS

Notebook I/O and Low Voltage System Bus
Loss-less Current Sensing
DS(ON)
SLVS616B –NOVEMBER 2005–REVISED SEPTEMBER 2010

DESCRIPTION

The TPS51124 is a dual, adaptive on-time D-CAP™ mode synchronous buck controller. The part enables system designers to cost effectively complete the suite of notebook power bus regulators with the absolute lowest external component count and lowest standby consumption. The fixed frequency emulated adaptive on-time control supports seamless operation between PWM mode at heavy load condition and reduced frequency operation at light load for high efficiency down to milliampere range. The main control loop for the TPS51124 uses the D-CAP mode that optimized for low ESR output capacitors such as POSCAP or SP-CAP promises fast transient response with no external compensation. Simple and separate power good signals for each channel allow flexibility of power sequencing. The part provides a convenient and efficient operation with supply input voltages (V5IN, V5FILT) ranging from 4.5 V to 5.5 V, conversion voltages (drain voltage for the synchronous high-side MOSFET) from 3 V to 28 V and output voltages from 0.76 V to 5.5 V.
The TPS51124 is available in 24-pin QFN package specified from –40°C to 85°C ambient temperature range.
1
2D-CAP, PowerPAD are trademarks of Texas Instruments.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters.
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
Copyright © 2005–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated
TPS51124
SLVS616B –NOVEMBER 2005–REVISED SEPTEMBER 2010
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
ORDERING INFORMATION
T
A
–40°C to 85°C 24
(1) All packaging options have Cu NIPDAU lead/ball finish.

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

PACKAGE PART PINS ORDER
Plastic Quad TPS51124RGET Tape-and-Reel 250
Flat Pack (QFN)
(1)
ORDERING MINIMUM
NUMBER QUANTITY
TPS51124RGER Tape-and-Reel 3000
(1)
OUTPUT SUPPLY
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over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
VALUE UNIT
Input voltage range
Output voltage range
T T T
(1) Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
Operating ambient temperature range –40 to 85 °C
A
Storage temperature range –55 to 150 °C
stg
Junction temperature range –40 to 125 °C
J
only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. All voltage values are with respect to the network ground terminal unless otherwise noted
VBST1, VBST2 –0.3 to 36 VBST1, VBST2 (wrt LLx) –0.3 to 6 V V5IN, V5FILT, EN1, EN2, VFB1, VFB2, TRIP1, TRIP2, VO1, VO2, TONSEL –0.3 to 6 DRVH1, DRVH2 –1 to 36 DRVH1, DRVH2 (wrt LLx) –0.3 to 6 LL1, LL2 –2 to 30 V PGOOD1, PGOOD2, DRVL1, DRVL2 –0.3 to 6 PGND1, PGND2 –0.3 to 0.3

DISSIPATION RATINGS

PACKAGE TA<25°C DERATING FACTOR TA= 85°C
24-pin QFN
(1) Enhanced thermal conductance by 2 × 2 thermal vias beneath thermal pad.
(1)
POWER RATING ABOVE TA= 25°C POWER RATING
2.33 W 23.3 mW/°C 0.93 W

RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS

over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
MIN MAX UNIT
Supply input voltage range V5IN, V5FILT 4.5 5.5 V
VBST1, VBST2 –0.1 34
Input voltage range VBST1, VBST2 (wrt LLx) –0.1 5.5 V
EN1, EN2, VFB1, VFB2, TRIP1, TRIP2, VO1, VO2, TONSEL –0.1 5.5 DRVH1, DRVH2 –0.8 34 DRVH1, DRVH2 (wrt LLx) –0.1 5.5
Output voltage range LL1, LL2 –1.8 28 V
PGOOD1, PGOOD2, DRVL1, DRVL2 –0.1 5.5 PGND1, PGND2 –0.1 0.1
T
Operating ambient temperature range –40 85 °C
A
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TPS51124
www.ti.com
SLVS616B –NOVEMBER 2005–REVISED SEPTEMBER 2010

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

over operating free-air temperature range, V5IN = V5FILT = 5 V (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
SUPPLY CURRENT
I
V5FILT
I
V5INSDN
I
V5FILTSD
N
V5FILT supply current EN1 = EN2 = 5 V, VFB1 = VFB2 = 0.77 V, 350 700 mA
V5IN shutdown current V5IN current, no load, EN1 = EN2 = 0 V 1 mA V5FILT shutdown current V5FILT current, no load, EN1 = EN2 = 0 V 1 mA
VFB VOLTAGE and DISCHARGE RESISTANCE
V
VFB
V
VFB
V
VFBSKIP
I
VFB
R
Dischg
VFB regulation voltage FB voltage, skip mode (f
VFB regulation voltage tolerance
VFB regulation shift in 0.758-V target for resistor divider. See PWM Operation of continuous conduction Detailed Description
VFB input current VFBx = 0.758 V, absolute value 0.02 0.1 mA VO discharge resistance ENx = 0 V, VOx = 0.5 V, TA= 25°C 10 20
OUTPUT: N-CHANEEL MOSFET GATE DRIVERS
R
R
T
DRVH
DRVL
D
DRVH resistance
DRVL resistance
Dead time
INTERNAL BST DIODE
V
FBST
I
VBSTLK
Forward voltage V VBST leakage current 0.1 1 mA
ON-TIME TIMER CONTROL AND INTERNAL SOFT START,
T
ON11
T
ON12
T
ON13
T
ON21
T
ON22
T
ON23
T
ON(MIN)
T
OFF(MIN)
T
ss
CH1, 240-kHz setting VO1 = 1.5 V,TONSEL = GND, LL1 = 12 V 440 500 560 ns CH1, 300-kHz setting VO1 = 1.5 V, TONSEL = FLOAT, LL1 = 12 V 340 390 440 ns CH1, 360-kHz setting VO1 = 1.5 V,TONSEL = V5FILT, LL1 = 12 V 265 305 345 ns CH2, 300-kHz setting VO2 = 1.05 V, TONSEL = GND, LL2 = 12 V 235 270 305 ns CH2, 360-kHz setting VO2 = 1.05 V, TONSEL = FLOAT, LL2 = 12 V 180 210 240 ns CH2, 420-kHz setting VO2 = 1.05 V, TONSEL = V5FILT, LL2 = 12 V 120 150 180 ns CH2 On time VO2 = 0.76 V, TONSEL = V5FILT, LL2 = 28 V 80 110 140 ns CH1/CH2 Min. off time LL = –0.1 V, TA= 25°C, VFB = 0.7 V 435 ns
Internal SS time 0.85 1.2 1.40 ms
(1) Specified by design. Not production tested.
V5FILT current, no load, LL1=LL2=0.5V
/10) 764 mV
PWM
TA= 25°C, bandgap initial accuracy –0.9% 0.9% TA= 0°C to 85°C TA= –40°C to 85°C
Source, V Sink, V
DRVHx-LLx
Source, V Sink, V
DRVLx–PGNDx
(1)
(1)
(1)
VBSTx–DRVHx
= 0.5 V 5 7
= 0.5 V 1.5 2.5
V5IN–DRVLx
= 0.5 V 4 6
= 0.5 V 1 2.0
DRVHx-low (DRVHx = 1 V) to DRVLx-on (DRVLx = 4 V), LL = –0.05 V,
DRVLx-low (DRVLx = 1 V) to DRVHx-on (DRVHx = 4 V), LL = –0.05 V,
V5IN–VBSTx
, IF= 10 mA, TA= 25°C 0.7 0.8 0.9 V
VBST = 34 V, LL = 28 V, VOx = 5.5 V, TA= 25°C
Internal soft start, time from ENx > 3 V to VFBx regulation value = 735 mV
–1.3% 1.3% –1.6% 1.6%
758 mV
10 20 50 ns
30 40 60 ns
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TPS51124
SLVS616B –NOVEMBER 2005–REVISED SEPTEMBER 2010

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Continued)

over operating free-air temperature range, V5IN = V5FILT = 5 V (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
UVLO/LOGIC THRESHOLD
V
UV5VFILT
V
EN
I
EN
V
TONSEL
I
TONSEL
V5FILT UVLO threshold
ENx threshold
ENx input current Absolute value
TONSEL threshold Medium
TONSEL input current
CURRENT SENSE
I
TRIP
TC V
OCLoff
V
ZC
V
Rtrip
ITRIP
TRIP source current VTRIPx < 0.3 V, TA= 25°C 9 10 11 mA I
temperature coeffficent On the basis of 25°C
TRIP
OCP compensation offset –10 0 10 mV Zero cross detection comparator VPGNDx-LLx voltage, PGOODx = Hi
offset Current limit threshold setting V
range
POWER-GOOD COMPARATOR
V
THPG
I
PGMAX
T
PGDEL
PG threshold
PG sink current PGOODx = 0.5 V 2.5 5.0 mA PG delay Delay for PG in 400 510 620 ms
OUTPUT UNDERVOLTAGE AND OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION
V
OVP
t
OVPDEL
V
UVP
t
UVPDEL
t
UVPEN
Output OVP trip threshold OVP detect 110% 115% 120% Output OVP prop delay 1.5 ms
Output UVP trip threshold
Output UVP delay 20 32 40 ms Output UVP enable delay After 1.7 × Tss, UVP protection engaged 1.4 2 2.4 ms
THERMAL SHUTDOWN
T
SDN
Thermal shutdown threshold °C
(1) Ensured by design. Not production tested.
Wake up 3.7 4.0 4.3 V Hysteresis 0.2 0.3 0.4 V Wake up 1.0 1.3 1.5 V Hysteresis 0.2 V
(1)
(1)
Fast
(1)
(1)
Slow TONSEL=0V, current out of the pin TONSEL=5V, current in to the pin
(1)
(V
TRIPx-GND
V
TRIPx-GND
TRIPx-GND
– V
PGNDx-LLx
= 60 mV
) voltage,
voltage, all temperatures
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
PG in from lower (PGOODx goes hi) 92.5% 95% 97.5% PG low hysteresis (PGOODx goes low) –5% PG in from higher (PGOODx goes hi) 102.5% 105% 107.5% PG high hysteresis (PGOODx goes low) 5%
UVP detect 65% 70% 75% Hysteresis (recovery < 20 ms) 10%
Shutdown temperature Hysteresis
(1)
(1)
0.02 0.1 mA
V5FILT
–0.3
2 V
V5FILT
1 mA 1 mA
4200 ppm/°C
0.5 mV
30 200 mV
160
10
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V
–1.0
0.5 V
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Product Folder Link(s): TPS51124
PGOOD1
EN1
VBST1
DRVH1
LL1
DRVL1
24 23 22 21 20 19
PGND1
TRIP1
V5IN
V5FILT
TRIP2
PGND2
VO1
VFB1
GND
TONSEL
VFB2
VO2
18
17
16
15
14
13
1
2
3
4
5
6
PGOOD2
EN2
VBST2
DRVH2
LL2
DRVL2
7 8 9 10 11 12
TPS51124
www.ti.com
SLVS616B –NOVEMBER 2005–REVISED SEPTEMBER 2010

DEVICE INFORMATION

PIN FUNCTIONS
PIN
NAME NO.
DRVH1 21 DRVH2 10 DRVL1 19 DRVL2 12 EN1 23 EN2 8 GND 3 I Signal ground pin LL1 20 LL2 11 PGND1 18 PGND2 13 PGOOD1 24 Power Good window comparator open drain output for channel 1 and 2. Pull up with a resistor to 5 V, or
PGOOD2 7 TONSEL 4 I On-time selection pin. See Table 1.
TRIP1 17 Over-current trip point set input. Connect resistor from this pin to GND to set threshold for synchronous TRIP2 14 VBST1 22 Supply input for synchronous high-side MOSFET driver (Boost Terminal). Connect capacitor from this pin VBST2 9 VFB1 2
VFB2 5 VO1 1 VO2 6
V5FILT 15 I V5IN 16 I 5-V power supply input for FET gate drivers. Internally connected to VBSTx by PN diodes.
I/O DESCRIPTION
Synchronous high-side MOSFET driver outputs. LL node referenced floating drivers. The gate drive
O
voltage is defined by the voltage across VBST to LL node flying capacitor. Synchronous low-side MOSFET driver outputs. PGND referenced drivers. The gate drive voltage is
O
defined by V5IN voltage.
I Channel 1 and channel 2 enable pins. Connect to 5 V or 3.3 V to turn on SMPS
Switch node connections for high-side drivers return. Also serve as input to current comparators and input
I/O
voltage monitor for on-time control circuitry. Ground returns for DRVL1 and DRVL2. Also serve as input of current comparators. Connect PGND1,
I/O
PGND2, and GND strongly together near the IC. Output discharge current flows through this pin, also.
O appropriate signal voltage. Current capability is 5 mA. PGOOD goes high 0.5 ms after VFB comes within
specified limits. Power bad, or the terminal goes low, is within 10 ms.
I low-side R
over-current comparator.
sense. Voltage across this pin and GND is compared to voltage across PGND and LL at
DS(on)
I to respective LL terminals. An internal PN diode is connected between V5IN to each of these pins. User
can add external Schottky diode if forward drop is critical to drive the MOSFET.
I SMPS voltage feedback inputs. Connect with feedback resistor divider.
Output connections to SMPS. These terminals serve two functions: On-time adjustment and output
I
discharge. 5-V power supply input for the entire control circuit except the MOSFET drivers. Connect RC low-pass
filter from V5IN to V5FILT.
QFN PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
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Product Folder Link(s): TPS51124
Ref −30/10%
UV
OV
Ref +15%
Ref
758 mV
SSx
VFBx
TRIPx
10 µA
GND
LLx
PGNDx
LLx
VOx
LLx
PGNDx
LLx
ONx
ZC
OCP
PWM
Ref +5/10%
Ref −5/10%
Control Logic
1
Shot
On/Off T ime Minimum On/Off Light Load, OVP/UVP, Discharge Control
PGNDx
Delay
XCON
T ONSEL
Sdn
Fault
DRVLx
V5IN
V5IN
LLx
DRVHx
VBSTx
THOK
V5OK
PGNDx
PGOODx
V5IN
4 V/3.7 V
V5OK
THOK
BGR
V5FIL T
VO1
VBST1
DRVH1
LL1
DRVL1
PGND1
Switcher Controller
V5DRV
Ref
Fault
Sdn
ON1
SS1
ANALOG/SUB GND
EN/SS
Control
TRIP1
VFB1
PGOOD1
EN1
EN2
GND
PGOOD2
VFB2
TRIP2
SS2
ON2
Sdn
Fault
Ref
V5DRV
Switcher Controller
VO2
VBST2
DRVH2
LL2LL2
DRVL2
PGND2
1 V
T ONSEL
4 V
Frequency Control
FAST
SLOW
160 °C/
150 °C
MID
TPS51124
SLVS616B –NOVEMBER 2005–REVISED SEPTEMBER 2010

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

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Product Folder Link(s): TPS51124
I
OUT(LL)
+
1
2 L ƒ
ǒ
VIn* V
OUT
Ǔ
V
OUT
V
IN
TPS51124
www.ti.com
SLVS616B –NOVEMBER 2005–REVISED SEPTEMBER 2010

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

PWM OPERATION

The main control loop of the switching mode power supply (SMPS) is designed as an adaptive on-time pulse width modulation (PWM) controller. It supports a proprietary D-CAP Mode. D-CAP Mode uses an internal compensation circuit and is suitable for low external component-count configuration, with appropriate amount of ESR at the output capacitor(s). The output voltage is monitored at a feedback point voltage. The reference voltage at the feedback point is a combination of a fixed 0.750-V precision reference and a synchronized, precision 15-mV ramp signal. Lower output voltages in notebook systems (e.g., 1.05 V, 1.5 V) require extremely low output ripple. By providing a ramp signal, the TPS51124 is easier to use in low-output ripple systems. The combination of the precision ramp and reference yield an effective target reference of 0.758 V. The accuracy of this effective reference remains 1.3% over line and temperature.
At the beginning of each cycle, the synchronous high-side MOSFET is turned on, or becomes ON state. This MOSFET is turned off, or becomes OFF state, after the internal one-shot timer expires. This one shot is determined by the converter’s input voltage, VIN, and the output voltage, VOUT, to keep the frequency fairly constant over the input voltage range; hence, it is called adaptive on-time control (see PWM Frequency and Adaptive On-time Control). The high-side MOSFET is turned on again when feedback information indicates insufficient output voltage, and inductor current information indicates a below-the-over-current limit condition. Repeating operation in this manner, the controller regulates the output voltage. The synchronous low-side MOSFET is turned on each OFF state to keep the conduction loss at a minimum. The low-side MOSFET is turned off when the inductor current information detects zero level. This enables seamless transition to the reduced frequency operation at light-load conditions so that high efficiency is kept over a broad range of load current.

LIGHT-LOAD CONDITION

TPS51124 automatically reduces switching frequency at light-load conditions to maintain high efficiency. This reduction of frequency is achieved smoothly and without increase of Vout ripple or load regulation. Detail operation is described as follows. As the output current decreases from heavy-load condition, the inductor current is also reduced, and eventually comes to the point that its valley touches zero current, which is the boundary between continuous conduction and discontinuous conduction modes. The low-side MOSFET is turned off when this zero inductor current is detected. As the load current is further decreased, the converter runs in discontinuous conduction mode and it takes longer and longer to discharge the output capacitor to the level that requires the next ON cycle. The ON time is kept the same as that in the heavy-load condition. In reverse, when the output current increases from light load to heavy load, the switching frequency increases to the preset value as the inductor current reaches the continuous conduction. The transition load point to the light-load operation, I
OUT(LL)
where f is the PWM switching frequency. Switching frequency versus output current in the light-load condition is a function of L, f, Vin, and Vout, but it
decreases almost proportional to the output current from the I It should be noted that in the PWM control path is a small ramp . This ramp is transparent in normal, continuous
conduction mode and does not measurably affect the regulation voltage. However, in discontinuous, light-load mode, an upward shift in regulation voltage of about 0.75% will be observed. The variation of this shift minimally affects the reference tolerance. Therefore, the reference value in skip mode is 0.764 V ±1.3% over line and temperature.
(i.e., the threshold between continuous and discontinuous conduction mode) can be calculated as follows;
(1)
OUT(LL)
given in Equation 1.
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TPS51124
SLVS616B –NOVEMBER 2005–REVISED SEPTEMBER 2010
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION (continued)

LOW-SIDE DRIVER

The low-side driver is designed to drive high current low R represented by its internal resistances, which are 4 for V5IN to DRVLx, and 1 for DRVLx to PGNDx. A dead time to prevent shoot through is internally generated between high-side MOSFET off to low-side MOSFET on, and low-side MOSFET off to high-side MOSFET on. A 5-V bias voltage is delivered from V5IN supply. The instantaneous drive current is supplied by an input capacitor connected between V5IN and GND. The average drive current is equal to the gate charge at Vgs = 5 V times switching frequency. This gate drive current, as well as the high-side gate drive current times 5 V, makes the driving power that needs to be dissipated from TPS51124 package.
N-channel MOSFET(s). The drive capability is
DS(on)

HIGH-SIDE DRIVER

The high-side driver is designed to drive high-current, low R floating driver, 5-V bias voltage is delivered from V5IN supply. The average drive current is also calculated by the gate charge at Vgs = 5 V times switching frequency. The instantaneous drive current is supplied by the flying capacitor between VBSTx and LLx pins. The drive capability is represented by its internal resistances, which are 5 for VBSTx to DRVHx and 1.5 for DRVHx to LLx.
N-channel MOSFET(s). When configured as a
DS(on)

PWM FREQUENCY AND ADAPTIVE ON-TIME CONTROL

TPS51124 employs adaptive on-time control scheme and does not have a dedicated oscillator on board. However, the part runs with pseudo-constant frequency by feed-forwarding the input and output voltage into the on-time one-shot timer. The frequencies are set by TONSEL terminal connection as Table 1. The on-time is controlled inverse proportional to the input voltage and proportional to the output voltage so that the duty ratio is kept as VOUT/VIN technically with the same cycle time. Although the TPS51124 does not have a pin connected to VIN, the input voltage is monitored at LLx pin during the ON state. This helps pin count reduction to make the part compact without sacrificing its performance.
Table 1. TONSEL Connection and Switching Frequency Table
(Frequencies Are Approximate)
TONSEL CONNECTION SWITCHING FREQUENCY
CH1 CH2
GND 240 kHz 300 kHz
FLOAT (Open) 300 kHz 360 kHz
V5FILT 360 kHz 420 kHz

SOFT START

The TPS51124 has an internal, 1.2-ms, voltage servo soft start for each channel. When the ENx pin becomes high, an internal DAC begins ramping up the reference voltage to the PWM comparator. Smooth control of the output voltage is maintained during start-up. As TPS51124 shares one DAC with both channels, if ENx pin is set to high while another channel is starting up, soft start is postponed until another channel soft start has completed. If both of EN1 and EN2 are set high at a same time, both channels start up at same time.

POWER GOOD

The TPS51124 has power-good output for both switcher channels. The power-good function is activated after soft start has finished. If the output voltage becomes within ±5% of the target value, internal comparators detect power good state and the power good signal becomes high after a 510-ms internal delay. During start-up, this internal delay starts after 1.7 times internal soft-start time to avoid a glitch of power-good signal. If the feedback voltage goes outside of ±10% of the target value, the power-good signal becomes low after 10-ms internal delay.
Also note that if the feedback voltage goes +10% above target value and the power-good signal flags low, then the loop attempts to correct the output by turning on the low-side driver (forced PWM mode). After the feedback voltage returns to be within +5% of the target value and the power-good signal goes high, the controller returns back to auto-skip mode.
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