•High Efficiency, Low-Power Consumption,
Shutdowns to <1 mA
•Fixed Frequency Emulated On-Time Control,
Frequency Selectable From Three Options
•D-CAP™ Mode Enables Fast Transient
Response
•Auto-Skip Mode
•Less Than 1% Initial Reference Accuracy
•Low Output Ripple
•Wide Input Voltage Range: 3 V to 28 V
•Output Voltage Range: 0.76 V to 5.5 V
•Low-Side R
•Adaptive Gate Drivers With Integrated Boost
Diode
•Internal 1.2-ms Voltage-Servo Soft Start
•Power-Good Signals for Each Channel With
Delay Timer
•Output Discharge During Disable, Fault
APPLICATIONS
•Notebook I/O and Low Voltage System Bus
Loss-less Current Sensing
DS(ON)
SLVS616B –NOVEMBER 2005–REVISED SEPTEMBER 2010
DESCRIPTION
The TPS51124 is a dual, adaptive on-time D-CAP™
mode synchronous buck controller. The part enables
system designers to cost effectively complete the
suite of notebook power bus regulators with the
absolute lowest external component count and lowest
standby consumption. The fixed frequency emulated
adaptive on-time control supports seamless operation
between PWM mode at heavy load condition and
reduced frequency operation at light load for high
efficiency down to milliampere range. The main
control loop for the TPS51124 uses the D-CAP mode
that optimized for low ESR output capacitors such as
POSCAPorSP-CAPpromisesfasttransient
response with no external compensation. Simple and
separate power good signals for each channel allow
flexibility of power sequencing. The part provides a
convenient and efficient operation with supply input
voltages (V5IN, V5FILT) ranging from 4.5 V to 5.5 V,
conversionvoltages(drainvoltageforthe
synchronous high-side MOSFET) from 3 V to 28 V
and output voltages from 0.76 V to 5.5 V.
The TPS51124 is available in 24-pin QFN package
specified from –40°C to 85°C ambient temperature
range.
1
2D-CAP, PowerPAD are trademarks of Texas Instruments.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas
Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
ORDERING INFORMATION
T
A
–40°C to 85°C24
(1) All packaging options have Cu NIPDAU lead/ball finish.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
PACKAGEPARTPINSORDER
Plastic QuadTPS51124RGETTape-and-Reel250
Flat Pack (QFN)
(1)
ORDERINGMINIMUM
NUMBERQUANTITY
TPS51124RGERTape-and-Reel3000
(1)
OUTPUT
SUPPLY
www.ti.com
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
VALUEUNIT
Input voltage
range
Output voltage
range
T
T
T
(1) Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
Operating ambient temperature range–40 to 85°C
A
Storage temperature range–55 to 150°C
stg
Junction temperature range–40 to 125°C
J
only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operatingconditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. All voltage
values are with respect to the network ground terminal unless otherwise noted
VBST1, VBST2–0.3 to 36
VBST1, VBST2 (wrt LLx)–0.3 to 6V
V5IN, V5FILT, EN1, EN2, VFB1, VFB2, TRIP1, TRIP2, VO1, VO2, TONSEL–0.3 to 6
DRVH1, DRVH2–1 to 36
DRVH1, DRVH2 (wrt LLx)–0.3 to 6
LL1, LL2–2 to 30V
PGOOD1, PGOOD2, DRVL1, DRVL2–0.3 to 6
PGND1, PGND2–0.3 to 0.3
DRVH121
DRVH210
DRVL119
DRVL212
EN123
EN28
GND3ISignal ground pin
LL120
LL211
PGND118
PGND213
PGOOD124Power Good window comparator open drain output for channel 1 and 2. Pull up with a resistor to 5 V, or
PGOOD27
TONSEL4IOn-time selection pin. See Table 1.
TRIP117Over-current trip point set input. Connect resistor from this pin to GND to set threshold for synchronous
TRIP214
VBST122Supply input for synchronous high-side MOSFET driver (Boost Terminal). Connect capacitor from this pin
VBST29
VFB12
VFB25
VO11
VO26
V5FILT15I
V5IN16I5-V power supply input for FET gate drivers. Internally connected to VBSTx by PN diodes.
voltage is defined by the voltage across VBST to LL node flying capacitor.
Synchronous low-side MOSFET driver outputs. PGND referenced drivers. The gate drive voltage is
O
defined by V5IN voltage.
IChannel 1 and channel 2 enable pins. Connect to 5 V or 3.3 V to turn on SMPS
Switch node connections for high-side drivers return. Also serve as input to current comparators and input
I/O
voltage monitor for on-time control circuitry.
Ground returns for DRVL1 and DRVL2. Also serve as input of current comparators. Connect PGND1,
I/O
PGND2, and GND strongly together near the IC. Output discharge current flows through this pin, also.
Oappropriate signal voltage. Current capability is 5 mA. PGOOD goes high 0.5 ms after VFB comes within
specified limits. Power bad, or the terminal goes low, is within 10 ms.
Ilow-side R
over-current comparator.
sense. Voltage across this pin and GND is compared to voltage across PGND and LL at
DS(on)
Ito respective LL terminals. An internal PN diode is connected between V5IN to each of these pins. User
can add external Schottky diode if forward drop is critical to drive the MOSFET.
ISMPS voltage feedback inputs. Connect with feedback resistor divider.
Output connections to SMPS. These terminals serve two functions: On-time adjustment and output
I
discharge.
5-V power supply input for the entire control circuit except the MOSFET drivers. Connect RC low-pass
The main control loop of the switching mode power supply (SMPS) is designed as an adaptive on-time pulse
width modulation (PWM) controller. It supports a proprietary D-CAP Mode. D-CAP Mode uses an internal
compensation circuit and is suitable for low external component-count configuration, with appropriate amount of
ESR at the output capacitor(s). The output voltage is monitored at a feedback point voltage. The reference
voltage at the feedback point is a combination of a fixed 0.750-V precision reference and a synchronized,
precision 15-mV ramp signal. Lower output voltages in notebook systems (e.g., 1.05 V, 1.5 V) require extremely
low output ripple. By providing a ramp signal, the TPS51124 is easier to use in low-output ripple systems. The
combination of the precision ramp and reference yield an effective target reference of 0.758 V. The accuracy of
this effective reference remains 1.3% over line and temperature.
At the beginning of each cycle, the synchronous high-side MOSFET is turned on, or becomes ON state. This
MOSFET is turned off, or becomes OFF state, after the internal one-shot timer expires. This one shot is
determined by the converter’s input voltage, VIN, and the output voltage, VOUT, to keep the frequency fairly
constant over the input voltage range; hence, it is called adaptive on-time control (see PWM Frequency and
Adaptive On-time Control). The high-side MOSFET is turned on again when feedback information indicates
insufficient output voltage, and inductor current information indicates a below-the-over-current limit condition.
Repeating operation in this manner, the controller regulates the output voltage. The synchronous low-side
MOSFET is turned on each OFF state to keep the conduction loss at a minimum. The low-side MOSFET is
turned off when the inductor current information detects zero level. This enables seamless transition to the
reduced frequency operation at light-load conditions so that high efficiency is kept over a broad range of load
current.
LIGHT-LOAD CONDITION
TPS51124 automatically reduces switching frequency at light-load conditions to maintain high efficiency. This
reduction of frequency is achieved smoothly and without increase of Vout ripple or load regulation. Detail
operation is described as follows. As the output current decreases from heavy-load condition, the inductor
current is also reduced, and eventually comes to the point that its valley touches zero current, which is the
boundary between continuous conduction and discontinuous conduction modes. The low-side MOSFET is turned
off when this zero inductor current is detected. As the load current is further decreased, the converter runs in
discontinuous conduction mode and it takes longer and longer to discharge the output capacitor to the level that
requires the next ON cycle. The ON time is kept the same as that in the heavy-load condition. In reverse, when
the output current increases from light load to heavy load, the switching frequency increases to the preset value
as the inductor current reaches the continuous conduction. The transition load point to the light-load operation,
I
OUT(LL)
where f is the PWM switching frequency.
Switching frequency versus output current in the light-load condition is a function of L, f, Vin, and Vout, but it
decreases almost proportional to the output current from the I
It should be noted that in the PWM control path is a small ramp . This ramp is transparent in normal, continuous
conduction mode and does not measurably affect the regulation voltage. However, in discontinuous, light-load
mode, an upward shift in regulation voltage of about 0.75% will be observed. The variation of this shift minimally
affects the reference tolerance. Therefore, the reference value in skip mode is 0.764 V ±1.3% over line and
temperature.
(i.e., the threshold between continuous and discontinuous conduction mode) can be calculated as follows;
The low-side driver is designed to drive high current low R
represented by its internal resistances, which are 4 Ω for V5IN to DRVLx, and 1 Ω for DRVLx to PGNDx. A dead
time to prevent shoot through is internally generated between high-side MOSFET off to low-side MOSFET on,
and low-side MOSFET off to high-side MOSFET on. A 5-V bias voltage is delivered from V5IN supply. The
instantaneous drive current is supplied by an input capacitor connected between V5IN and GND. The average
drive current is equal to the gate charge at Vgs = 5 V times switching frequency. This gate drive current, as well
as the high-side gate drive current times 5 V, makes the driving power that needs to be dissipated from
TPS51124 package.
N-channel MOSFET(s). The drive capability is
DS(on)
HIGH-SIDE DRIVER
The high-side driver is designed to drive high-current, low R
floating driver, 5-V bias voltage is delivered from V5IN supply. The average drive current is also calculated by the
gate charge at Vgs = 5 V times switching frequency. The instantaneous drive current is supplied by the flying
capacitor between VBSTx and LLx pins. The drive capability is represented by its internal resistances, which are
5 Ω for VBSTx to DRVHx and 1.5 Ω for DRVHx to LLx.
N-channel MOSFET(s). When configured as a
DS(on)
PWM FREQUENCY AND ADAPTIVE ON-TIME CONTROL
TPS51124 employs adaptive on-time control scheme and does not have a dedicated oscillator on board.
However, the part runs with pseudo-constant frequency by feed-forwarding the input and output voltage into the
on-time one-shot timer. The frequencies are set by TONSEL terminal connection as Table 1. The on-time is
controlled inverse proportional to the input voltage and proportional to the output voltage so that the duty ratio is
kept as VOUT/VIN technically with the same cycle time. Although the TPS51124 does not have a pin connected
to VIN, the input voltage is monitored at LLx pin during the ON state. This helps pin count reduction to make the
part compact without sacrificing its performance.
Table 1. TONSEL Connection and Switching Frequency Table
(Frequencies Are Approximate)
TONSEL CONNECTIONSWITCHING FREQUENCY
CH1CH2
GND240 kHz300 kHz
FLOAT (Open)300 kHz360 kHz
V5FILT360 kHz420 kHz
SOFT START
The TPS51124 has an internal, 1.2-ms, voltage servo soft start for each channel. When the ENx pin becomes
high, an internal DAC begins ramping up the reference voltage to the PWM comparator. Smooth control of the
output voltage is maintained during start-up. As TPS51124 shares one DAC with both channels, if ENx pin is set
to high while another channel is starting up, soft start is postponed until another channel soft start has
completed. If both of EN1 and EN2 are set high at a same time, both channels start up at same time.
POWER GOOD
The TPS51124 has power-good output for both switcher channels. The power-good function is activated after
soft start has finished. If the output voltage becomes within ±5% of the target value, internal comparators detect
power good state and the power good signal becomes high after a 510-ms internal delay. During start-up, this
internal delay starts after 1.7 times internal soft-start time to avoid a glitch of power-good signal. If the feedback
voltage goes outside of ±10% of the target value, the power-good signal becomes low after 10-ms internal delay.
Also note that if the feedback voltage goes +10% above target value and the power-good signal flags low, then
the loop attempts to correct the output by turning on the low-side driver (forced PWM mode). After the feedback
voltage returns to be within +5% of the target value and the power-good signal goes high, the controller returns
back to auto-skip mode.