Texas Instruments TL431IP, TL431ILPR, TL431ILPM, TL431ID, TL431MJGB Datasheet

TL431, TL431A

ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS

SLVS005J – JULY 1978 – REVISED JULY 1999

D

Equivalent Full-Range Temperature
Coefficient . . . 30 ppm/°C

D

0.2-Ω Typical Output Impedance

D

Sink-Current Capability ...1 mA to 100 mA

D

Low Output Noise

D

Adjustable Output Voltage ...V

D

Available in a Wide Range of High-Density

ref

Packages

description

The TL431 and TL431A are three-terminal
adjustable shunt regulators with specified thermal
stability over applicable automotive, commercial,
and military temperature ranges. The output
voltage can be set to any value between V
(approximately 2.5 V) and 36 V with two external
resistors (see Figure 17). These devices have a
typical output impedance of 0.2 Ω. Active output
circuitry provides a very sharp turn-on
characteristic, making these devices excellent
replacements for Zener diodes in many
applications, such as onboard regulation,
adjustable power supplies, and switching power
supplies.

The TL431C and TL431AC are characterized for
operation from 0°C to 70°C, and the TL431I and
TL431AI are characterized for operation from
–40°C to 85°C.

to 36 V

ref

D PACKAGE

(TOP VIEW)

CATHODE

ANODE
ANODE

CATHODE

NC – No internal connection

1
2
3
4

NC

P OR PW PACKAGE

(TOP VIEW)

1

NC

2

NC

3
4

NC

PK PACKAGE

(TOP VIEW)

REF ANODE CATHODE

LP PACKAGE

(TOP VIEW)

8
7
6
5

8
7
6
5

REF
ANODE
ANODE
NC

REF
NC
ANODE
NC

CATHODE

Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.

PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments
standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include
testing of all parameters.

ANODE

ANODE
REF

KTP PACKAGE

(TOP VIEW)

CATHODE
ANODE
REF

Copyright  1999, Texas Instruments Incorporated

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

1

TL431, TL431A

TL431Y

ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS

SLVS005J – JULY 1978 – REVISED JULY 1999

AVAILABLE OPTIONS

PACKAGED DEVICES

T

A

0°C to 70°C

–40°C to 85°C

The D and LP packages are available taped and reeled. The KTP and PK packages are only available taped and reeled. Add
the suffix R to device type (e.g., TL431CDR). Chip forms are tested at TA = 25°C.

SMALL

OUTLINE

(D)

TL431CD

TL431ACD

TL431ID

TL431AID

symbol

functional block diagram

PLASTIC
FLANGE

MOUNT

(KTP)

TL431CKTPR

TO-226AA

(LP)

TL431CLP

TL431ACLP

TL431ILP

TL431AILP

REF

PLASTIC

DIP

(P)

TL431CP

TL431ACP

TL431IP

TL431AIP

CATHODEANODE

SOT-89

(PK)

TL431CPK TL431CPW

TL431IPK

SHRINK

SMALL

OUTLINE

(PW)

CHIP

FORM

(Y)

equivalent schematic

CATHODE

REF

†

2.4 kΩ

3.28 kΩ

7.2 kΩ

REF

V

ref

CATHODE

ANODE

20 pF

+
_

800 Ω

4 kΩ

800 Ω

20 pF

150 Ω

10 kΩ

ANODE

†

All component values are nominal.

2

1 kΩ

800 Ω

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

Operating free-air temperature range, T

°C

TL431, TL431A

ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS

SLVS005J – JULY 1978 – REVISED JULY 1999

absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)

Cathode voltage, VKA (see Note 1) 37 V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Continuous cathode current range, IKA –100 mA to 150 mA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reference input current range –50 µA to 10 mA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Package thermal impedance, θ

(see Notes 2 and 3): D package 97°C/W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

JA

LP package 156°C/W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

KTP package 28°C/W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

P package 127°C/W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PK package 52°C/W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PW package 149°C/W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds: D, P, or PW package 260°C. . . . . . . . . . . .

Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 60 seconds: LP or PK package 300°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Storage temperature range, T

†

Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not
implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

NOTES: 1. Voltage values are with respect to the anode terminal unless otherwise noted.

2. Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max),
ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(max) – TA)/

3. The package thermal impedance is calculated in accordance with JESD 51, except for through-hole packages, which use a trace
length of zero.

–65°C to 150°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

stg

θ

, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable

θ

JA

JA

. Operating at the absolute maximum TJ of 150°C can impact reliability.

recommended operating conditions

MIN MAX UNIT

Cathode voltage, V
Cathode current, I

p

KA

KA

p

A

TL431C, TL431AC 0 70
TL431I, TL431AI –40 85

V

ref

36 V

1 100 mA

°

†

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

3

TL431, TL431A

PARAMETER

TEST CONDITIONS

UNIT

ref

gg

3

I

mA

mV

ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS

SLVS005J – JULY 1978 – REVISED JULY 1999

electrical characteristics over recommended operating conditions, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise
noted)

TL431C

MIN TYP MAX

4 25 mV

–1.4 –2.7

V

0.4 1.2 µA

0.4 1 mA

0.2 0.5 Ω

V

ref

V

I(dev)

D

V

D

V

I

ref

I

I(dev)

I

min

I

off

|zKA| Dynamic impedance (see Figure 1) 1

†

Full range is 0°C to 70°C for the TL431C.

Reference voltage 2 VKA = V
Deviation of reference voltage

over full temperature range
(see Figure 1)

Ratio of change in reference voltage
to the change in cathode voltage

KA

Reference current 3 IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞ 2 4 µA
Deviation of reference current

over full temperature range
(see Figure 1)

Minimum cathode current
for regulation

Off-state cathode current 4 VKA = 36 V, V

TEST

CIRCUIT

2

3

2 VKA = V

, IKA = 10 mA 2440 2495 2550 mV

ref

VKA = V
TA = full range

= 10

KA

IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞,
TA = full range

IKA = 1 mA to 100 mA, VKA = V
f ≤ 1 kHz

ref, IKA

ref

= 10 mA,

†

∆VKA = 10 V – V
∆VKA = 36 V – 10 V –1 –2

†

= 0 0.1 1 µA

ref

ref

ref

,

The deviation parameters V

ref(dev)

and I

ref(dev)

are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum
values obtained over the recommended temperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the
reference voltage, α

Ť

a

Vref

ppm

Ť

ǒ

°C

, is defined as:

Vref

ǒ

V

Ǔ

+

V

ref

)

I(dev

at 25°C

D

T

A

10

6

Minimum V

Ǔ

Maximum V

ref

ref

∆T

V

I(dev)

A

where:

∆TA is the recommended operating free-air temperature range of the device.

α

can be positive or negative, depending on whether minimum V

Vref

or maximum V

ref

, respectively , occurs at the

ref

lower temperature.

Example: maximum V

= 2496 mV at 30°C, minimum V

ref

= 2492 mV at 0°C, V

ref

= 2495 mV at 25°C,

ref

∆TA = 70°C for TL431C

4mV

ǒ

Ť

+

2495 mV

Ť

a

Vref

Because minimum V

Ǔ

70°C

occurs at the lower temperature, the coefficient is positive.

ref

Calculating Dynamic Impedance

The dynamic impedance is defined as:

10

6

[

23 ppmń°C

Ť

Ť

z

+

KA

D

V

KA

D

I

KA

When the device is operating with two external resistors (see Figure 3), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit
is given by:

D

|

z

Ȁ|+

V

[Ťz

D

I

KA

Ť

R1

ǒ

1

)

R2

Ǔ

4

Figure 1. Calculating Deviation Parameters and Dynamic Impedance

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

PARAMETER

TEST CONDITIONS

UNIT

ref

gg

3

I

mA

mV

PARAMETER

TEST CONDITIONS

UNIT

ref

gg

3

I

mA

mV

TL431, TL431A

ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS

SLVS005J – JULY 1978 – REVISED JULY 1999

electrical characteristics over recommended operating conditions, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise
noted)

TL431I

MIN TYP MAX

5 50 mV

–1.4 –2.7

V

0.8 2.5 µA

0.4 1 mA

0.2 0.5 Ω

V

ref

V

I(dev)

D

V

D

V

I

ref

I

I(dev)

I

min

I

off

|zKA| Dynamic impedance (see Figure 1) 2

†

Full range is –40°C to 85°C for the TL431I.

Reference voltage 2 VKA = V
Deviation of reference voltage

over full temperature range
(see Figure 1)

Ratio of change in reference voltage
to the change in cathode voltage

KA

Reference current 3 IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞ 2 4 µA
Deviation of reference current

over full temperature range
(see Figure 1)

Minimum cathode current for
regulation

Off-state cathode current 4 VKA = 36 V, V

TEST

CIRCUIT

2

3

2 VKA = V

, IKA = 10 mA 2440 2495 2550 mV

ref

VKA = V
TA = full range

= 10

KA

IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞,
TA = full range

IKA = 1 mA to 100 mA, VKA = V
f ≤ 1 kHz

ref, IKA

ref

= 10 mA,

†

∆VKA = 10 V – V
∆VKA = 36 V – 10 V –1 –2

†

= 0 0.1 1 µA

ref

ref

ref

,

electrical characteristics over recommended operating conditions, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise
noted)

TL431AC

MIN TYP MAX

4 25 mV

–1.4 –2.7

V

0.8 1.2 µA

0.4 0.6 mA

0.2 0.5 Ω

V

ref

V

I(dev)

D

V

D

V

I

ref

I

I(dev)

I

min

I

off

|zKA| Dynamic impedance (see Figure 1) 1

‡

Full range is 0°C to 70°C for the TL431AC.

Reference voltage 2 VKA = V
Deviation of reference voltage

over full temperature range
(see Figure 1)

Ratio of change in reference voltage
to the change in cathode voltage

KA

Reference current 3 IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞ 2 4 µA
Deviation of reference current

over full temperature range
(see Figure 1)

Minimum cathode current
for regulation

Off-state cathode current 4 VKA = 36 V, V

TEST

CIRCUIT

2

3

2 VKA = V

, IKA = 10 mA 2470 2495 2520 mV

ref

VKA = V
TA = full range

= 10

KA

IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞,
TA = full range

IKA = 1 mA to 100 mA, VKA = V
f ≤ 1 kHz

ref, IKA

ref

= 10 mA,

†

∆VKA = 10 V – V
∆VKA = 36 V – 10 V –1 –2

‡

= 0 0.1 0.5 µA

ref

ref

ref

,

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

5

TL431, TL431A

PARAMETER

TEST CONDITIONS

UNIT

ref

gg

3

I

mA

mV

PARAMETER

TEST CONDITIONS

UNIT

ref

gg

3

I

mA

mV

ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS

SLVS005J – JULY 1978 – REVISED JULY 1999

electrical characteristics over recommended operating conditions, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise
noted)

TL431AI

MIN TYP MAX

5 50 mV

–1.4 –2.7

V

0.8 2.5 µA

0.4 0.7 mA

0.2 0.5 Ω

V

ref

V

I(dev)

D

V

D

V

I

ref

I

I(dev)

I

min

I

off

|zKA| Dynamic impedance (see Figure 1) 2

†

Full range is –40°C to 85°C for the TL431AI.

Reference voltage 2 VKA = V
Deviation of reference voltage

over full temperature range
(see Figure 1)

Ratio of change in reference voltage
to the change in cathode voltage

KA

Reference current 3 IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞ 2 4 µA
Deviation of reference current

over full temperature range
(see Figure 1)

Minimum cathode current
for regulation

Off-state cathode current 4 VKA = 36 V, V

TEST

CIRCUIT

2

3

2 VKA = V

, IKA = 10 mA 2470 2495 2520 mV

ref

VKA = V
TA = full range

= 10

KA

IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞,
TA = full range

IKA = 1 mA to 100 mA, VKA = V
f ≤ 1 kHz

ref, IKA

ref

= 10 mA,

†

∆VKA = 10 V – V
∆VKA = 36 V – 10 V –1 –2

†

= 0 0.1 0.5 µA

ref

ref

ref

,

electrical characteristics over recommended operating conditions, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise
noted)

TEST

CIRCUIT

V

ref

D

V

D

V

I

ref

I

min

I

off

|zKA| Dynamic impedance

‡

Calculating dynamic impedance:
The dynamic impedance is defined as:

When the device is operating with two external resistors (see Figure 3), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by:

|zȀ|

Reference voltage 2 VKA = V
Ratio of change in reference voltage

to the change in cathode voltage

KA

Reference input current 3 IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞ 2 µA
Minimum cathode current

for regulation
Off-state cathode current 4 VKA = 36 V, V

‡

D

V

KA

Ť

+

D

I

KA

+

∆V

∆I

[

|zKA|ǒ1

)

R1
R2

Ť

z

KA

Ǔ

KA

2 VKA = V

IKA = 1 mA to 100 mA, VKA = V

2

f ≤ 1 kHz

, IKA = 10 mA 2495 mV

ref

= 10

ref

∆VKA = 10 V – V
∆VKA = 36 V – 10 V –1

= 0 0.1 µA

ref

ref

ref

,

TL431Y

MIN TYP MAX

–1.4

V

0.4 mA

0.2 Ω

6

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