Texas instruments TI-NSPIRE Math and Science Learning Technology User Manual

Math and Science

Learning Technology

Handheld

Important Information

Except as otherwise expressly stated in the License that accompanies a program, Texas Instruments makes no warranty, either express or implied, including but not limited to any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, regarding any programs or book materials and makes such materials available solely on an "as-is" basis. In no event shall Texas Instruments be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of these materials, and the sole and exclusive liability of Texas Instruments, regardless of the form of action, shall not exceed the amount set forth in the license for the program. Moreover, Texas Instruments shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever against the use of these materials by any other party.

FCC Statement

Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.

If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

Microsoft®, Windows®, Excel®,Vernier EasyTemp®, Go!®Temp and Go!®Motion are trademarks of their respective owners.

Contents

Introduction ............................................................................1

The TI-Nspire™ math and science learning handheld ................ 1

How to use this guidebook............................................................ 1

Where to find more information........................................... 2

Getting Started .......................................................................3

Dual Keypads.................................................................................. 3

Changing the keypad.............................................................. 4

TI-Nspire™ handheld keys ............................................................. 5

Keyboard shortcuts ........................................................................ 6

Initial startup .................................................................................. 7

Replacing batteries......................................................................... 7

Battery Precautions................................................................. 7

Additional precautions for rechargeable batteries .............. 8

For proper disposal of used batteries .................................... 8

Adjusting the contrast ................................................................... 8

Turning the handheld on and off.................................................. 8

Automatic Power Down ......................................................... 8

Turning on your TI-Nspire™ handheld for the first time............. 8

Choosing a language .............................................................. 9

Choosing a font size................................................................ 9

The Home menu........................................................................... 10

Using the Home menu.......................................................... 10

The TI-Nspire™ handheld screen................................................. 11

Viewing status information......................................................... 12

Viewing system settings............................................................... 12

Document settings ....................................................................... 13

Document settings Options.................................................. 13

Changing document settings....................................................... 14

System settings ............................................................................. 14

Changing system settings ............................................................ 15

Handheld status............................................................................ 15

Checking available memory......................................................... 16

Freeing Memory ........................................................................... 16

Deleting items from memory ............................................... 16

Using connection cables............................................................... 17

USB cables.............................................................................. 17

TI-84 Plus Mode cables.......................................................... 17

Backing up files to another handheld ................................. 18

Connecting two TI-Nspire™handhelds with the USB

unit-to-unit cable ............................................................... 18

Sending a document............................................................. 18

iii

Connecting a TI-Nspire™ with TI-84 Plus Keypad to a TI-84

Plus handheld ..................................................................... 18

Connecting the TI-Nspire™ handheld to a computer ........19

Upgrading the Operating System................................................ 19

Important Operating System download information......... 19

Where to get Operating System upgrades .......................... 19

Backing up files to a computer............................................. 20

Resetting the memory..................................................................20

Displaying the About screen........................................................21

Viewing Hints................................................................................21

Using the catalog..........................................................................22

Opening the catalog ............................................................. 22

Using Wizards ........................................................................23

Entering special characters...........................................................23

Entering Math expressions........................................................... 23

Entering international language characters ...............................24

Working with Documents .................................................... 25

Documents ....................................................................................25

Page Sorter....................................................................................25

My Documents ..............................................................................26

Creating documents .....................................................................26

Creating a blank document ..................................................26

Adding an application...........................................................27

Creating a document with an application ..................................27

Working with applications...........................................................28

Application menu .........................................................................28

Using the Application menu................................................. 28

Context menu ...............................................................................29

Using the Context menu ....................................................... 29

Page Tools menu...........................................................................30

Using the Page Tools menu...................................................30

Changing the page layout ...........................................................30

Choosing a standard layout.................................................. 30

Creating a custom layout...................................................... 32

Repositioning applications on a page.........................................33

Swapping applications .......................................................... 33

Adding a problem to a document............................................... 34

Adding a page to a problem........................................................34

Moving through pages in a document........................................35

Saving a document ....................................................................... 35

Viewing and reordering pages in a document ...........................36

Opening the Page Sorter from a document ........................ 36

Reordering pages in a problem............................................ 37

Copying a page to another problem....................................38

Copying a page to another document ................................ 38

Document settings ....................................................................... 39

Changing document settings ............................................... 39

Managing documents .................................................................. 41

Opening My Documents....................................................... 41

Expanding folders ................................................................. 42

Expanding all folders ............................................................ 42

Renaming folders or documents.......................................... 42

Collapsing folders.................................................................. 43

Creating folders..................................................................... 43

File and folder naming conventions .................................... 43

Duplicating documents and folders..................................... 44

Recovering deleted documents ............................................ 44

Linking values on pages............................................................... 45

Creating TI-Nspire™ variables.............................................. 45

Special considerations for variables..................................... 47

Checking a variable’s value using the Calculator

application.......................................................................... 49

Using (linking) TI-Nspire™ variables.................................... 49

Removing a linked variable.................................................. 51

Libraries......................................................................................... 52

Program Editor ............................................................................. 53

Sending a document to another handheld ................................ 53

Rules for sending files........................................................... 53

Sending a document............................................................. 53

Receiving a document........................................................... 54

Canceling a transfer.............................................................. 54

Using Calculator....................................................................55

Getting started with the Calculator application ........................ 55

Before you begin................................................................... 60

Entering and evaluating math expressions ................................ 60

Options for entering expressions......................................... 60

Entering simple math expressions........................................ 60

Controlling the form of a result........................................... 61

Inserting items from the Catalog......................................... 62

Using an expression template .............................................. 63

Editing Calculator expressions..................................................... 64

Positioning the cursor in an expression............................... 64

Inserting into an expression in the entry line ..................... 64

Selecting part of an expression............................................ 65

Deleting all or part of an expression on the entry line ...... 65

Working with the Calculator history........................................... 65

Viewing the Calculator history............................................. 65

Reusing a previous expression or result............................... 66

Deleting an expression from the history.............................. 66

Clearing the Calculator history.............................................67

Where to find more information .........................................67

Using Graphs & Geometry ................................................... 69

The toolbar.................................................................................... 69

The work area...............................................................................79

The graphing view................................................................. 79

The plane geometry view .....................................................79

The analytic window .............................................................80

To remove the analytic window from the work area .........80

Creating and manipulating axes ..........................................82

Drawing a circle.....................................................................84

The entry line................................................................................85

Graphing inequalities............................................................86

Finding points of interest: zeroes, minima, maxima...........87

Animating objects.........................................................................88

Animating one point on an object.......................................88

The animation control panel ................................................89

Resetting animation..............................................................89

Stopping animation...............................................................89

Creating a Scatter Plot .......................................................... 90

More Information.................................................................. 91

Using Lists & Spreadsheet.................................................... 93

Getting started with tables..........................................................93

Navigating in a spreadsheet .................................................97

Methods of entering table data........................................... 97

Working with individual cells ......................................................98

Creating absolute and relative cell references .................... 98

Inserting items from the Catalog .........................................99

Deleting the contents of a cell or block of cells................ 101

Copying a cell or block of cells ...........................................101

Filling adjacent cells ............................................................102

Working with rows and columns of data..................................103

Selecting a row or column ..................................................103

Resizing a row or column....................................................103

Inserting an empty row or column.....................................103

Deleting entire rows or columns ........................................104

Copying rows or columns.................................................... 104

Moving a column.................................................................105

Using Data & Statistics ....................................................... 107

The Tool menu ............................................................................ 108

Working with Data & Statistics..................................................112

Creating plots from spreadsheet data ...................................... 112

Plotting data from Lists & Spreadsheet ............................. 112

Creating a split page with Data & Statistics and

Lists & Spreadsheet........................................................... 114

More Information ............................................................... 115

Using Notes .........................................................................117

Getting started with the Notes application.............................. 117

The Notes tool menu.................................................................. 118

Before you begin................................................................. 119

The Notes work area.................................................................. 119

Notes templates.......................................................................... 119

Applying a Notes template................................................. 120

Using the Q&A Template .................................................... 120

Using the Proof Template................................................... 120

Inserting comments.................................................................... 121

Formatting Notes text................................................................ 121

Selecting text....................................................................... 121

Applying a text format ....................................................... 121

Inserting geometric shape symbols.................................... 122

Entering and evaluating expressions ........................................ 122

Entering an expression ....................................................... 123

Evaluating an expression.................................................... 123

Data Collection ...................................................................125

Compatible sensors ............................................................. 125

Starting the Data Collection tool....................................... 125

Data Collection controls ..................................................... 126

Running an experiment and collecting data..................... 126

Data Collection names........................................................ 126

Storing collected data................................................................ 127

To save temperature data................................................... 127

To save motion data............................................................ 127

Appendix: Service and Support .........................................129

Texas Instruments Support and Service..................................... 129

For general information ..................................................... 129

Service and warranty information ..................................... 129

Service ......................................................................................... 129

Battery Precautions .................................................................... 129

Disposing of Batteries......................................................... 130

Index ....................................................................................131

vii

viii

Introduction

The TI-Nspire™ math and science learning handheld

This guidebook provides information about a powerful, advanced learning handheld available from Texas Instruments: the TI-Nspire™handheld.

Your learning handheld comes equipped with a variety of pre-installed software applications that have features relevant to different subjects and curriculums.

Extend the reach of your TI-Nspire™ handheld with accessories, such as the TI-Nspire™ computer software, TI-Nspire™ ViewScreen™ Panel and TI-Nspire™ Computer Link Software.

How to use this guidebook

This guidebook is intended to provide instruction for the basic operation of the TI-Nspire™ handheld.

The chapters in this guidebook include:

Getting Started - Provides start up information for the learning handheld, and offers students and educators an overview of the basic operations of the TI-Nspire™ handheld.

Working with Documents - Provides instruction for creating and working with documents.

Using Calculator- Provides an overview of the Calculator application.

Using Graphs & Geometry - Provides an overview of the Graphs &

Geometry application.

Using Lists & Spreadsheet- Provides an overview of the Lists & Spreadsheet application.

Using Data & Statistics - Provides instruction for using the Data & Statistics application to analyze data created in other applications.

Using Notes- Provides an overview of the Notes application.

Data Collection - Provides an overview of the Data Collection tool.

Service and Warranty Information - Includes service and warranty

information and contact information for technical support.

Introduction 1

Where to find more information

The remainder of the product information is available in electronic form. The comprehensive guidebook for using the TI-Nspire™ handheld is included on the CD-ROM that came with your learning handheld. This guidebook is also available online as a free download at education.ti.com/guides.

2 Introduction

Getting Started

Your TI-Nspire™ handheld operates in two modes:

•TI-Nspire

• TI-84 Plus Silver Edition

There are two keypads, one for each mode, but your handheld has only one operating system. The operating system for the TI-84 Plus keypad is bundled with the TI-Nspire™ operating system. Both mode operating systems are updated when you update the OS for the handheld. The TI-84 Plus mode OS cannot be installed separately using a stand-alone TI-84 Plus OS.

To learn about the capabilities and features of the TI-84 Plus mode, see the TI-84 Plus guidebook on your CD or at education.ti.com. The capabilities and features of the TI-Nspire mode are described in this guidebook.

Note: There are many TI-84 Plus applications (Apps). Apps that are certified by TI to be compatible with your TI-Nspire handheld will operate correctly. All apps preinstalled on your handheld are certified. Other applications that have not been certified may also operate correctly, but some will not.

Dual Keypads

Your TI-Nspire™ handheld works with two keypads: the first is the TI-Nspire™ keypad and the second is the TI-84 Plus keypad.

TI-84 Plus keypad (on left) and TI-Nspire keypad (attached to handheld)

Getting Started 3

Changing the keypad

Caution: When changing keypads, be certain that the handheld is

completely powered down before removing the keypad. Removing the keypad before the display clears may result in loss of data.

1. Remove the cover, and turn the handheld over. Slide the latch release to the right.

The keypad releases.

2. Turn the handheld right side up, and slide the keypad away from the display screen.

3. Lift the keypad off the handheld.

4. Insert the other keypad.

Ensure that it fits comfortably into the guides on the bottom and sides of the handheld.

Note: The keypad does not slide in from the bottom edge of the unit. Instead, fit it into the guides just above the batteries.

5. When the keypad is properly seated on the handheld, push the keypad toward the display screen.

The keypad clicks into place when properly seated and completely inserted into the handheld.

4 Getting Started

TI-Nspire™ handheld keys

d Removes

menus or dialog boxes from the screen.

e Moves to the

next entry field.

/ Provides

access to the function or character shown above each key.

g Makes the next

character typed upper-case.

w Turns on the

TI-Nspire handheld.

cDisplays the

home menu.

bDisplays

application or context menu.

. Clears

(erases) the entry line or deletes selected object.

kDisplays the

catalog for entering commands.

· Evaluates an

expression, executes an instruction, or selects a menu item.

xClick button

Selects an object on the screen.

NavPad

Press 3, 4, 5,or6 to move the cursor.

Getting Started 5

/ + x or pressing and holding x

Displays the grab cursor ÷ so you can grab an object on the screen.

Keyboard shortcuts

Use the following keyboard shortcuts to perform common

functions.

Editing Text

cut

copy

paste

undo

redo

Inserting Characters, Symbols

display character palette

not equal to

underscore

{

semi-colon (;)

display math template palette

/X

/C

/V

/Z

/Y

/k

/=

/_

/>

/<

/:

/r

% /j

degree symbol

backslash ( \ )

Managing Documents

create new document

/N

save current document

Navigation

Home

End

Page Up

Page Down

Up a level in the hierarchy

Down a level in the hierarchy

Navigating in Documents

displays previous page

displays next page

displays Page Sorter

Wizards and Templates

add a column to a matrix

add a row to a matrix

integration template

derivative template

Modifying Display

increase contrast

decrease contrast

power off

/S

/£

/ 6

/¡

/¢

/£

g+

g-

/+

/-

/w

insert new page

select application

6 Getting Started

/I

Initial startup

The TI-Nspire™ math and science learning handheld uses four AAA batteries, which are provided with the product.

Replacing batteries

Caution: When removing the keypad to change batteries, be certain that the handheld is completely powered down. Removing the keypad before the display is cleared may result in loss of data.

1. Remove the keypad from the handheld.

2. Carefully remove the batteries.

Caution: You may need to use a tool to remove the batteries as they fit tightly in the unit. If you use a tool, be careful not to damage either the batteries or the handheld.

3. Insert fresh batteries.

Ensure that the + side of each battery faces away from the display screen.

4. Replace the keypad.

Battery Precautions

Take these precautions when replacing batteries.

• Do not leave batteries within the reach of children.

• Do not mix new and used batteries. Do not mix brands, or types within brands, of batteries.

• Do not mix rechargeable and non-rechargeable batteries.

• Install batteries according to polarity (+ and -) diagrams.

• Do not place non-rechargeable batteries in a battery recharger.

• Properly dispose of used batteries immediately.

Getting Started 7

• Do not incinerate or dismantle batteries.

• Seek medical advice immediately if a cell or battery has been swallowed.

Additional precautions for rechargeable batteries

• Use only the charger recommended for the cell or battery, or the one that was provided with the original equipment.

• Remove the cell or battery from the charger or alternating current adapter when not in use or being charged.

• Use of the battery in other devices may result in personal injury or damage to equipment or property.

For proper disposal of used batteries

• Do not mutilate, puncture, or dispose of batteries in fire. The batteries can burst or explode, releasing hazardous chemicals. Discard used batteries according to local regulations.

Adjusting the contrast

To lighten the display, press and hold / and tap -.

To darken the display, press / and tap +.

Turning the handheld on and off

To turn the handheld on, press w.

To turn the handheld off, press handheld, it is in the same state as when you left it. The settings and

memory contents are retained.

/w. The next time you turn on the

Automatic Power Down

To prolong battery life, Automatic Power Down turns off the handheld after several minutes of inactivity. The next time you turn on the TI-Nspire™ handheld, it is exactly as you left it.

Turning on your TI-Nspire™ handheld for the first time

f After installing the batteries included with your new handheld,

w to turn the handheld on.

press

A progress bar displays while the operating system loads.

8 Getting Started

Choosing a language

When loading is complete, you are prompted to select the language to display on the handheld.

1. Press 6 until the language you wish to display is highlighted, and

then press the click button on the NavPad (

x)or· to select it.

2. Press

e to highlight the OK button, and press x or · to select

it.

Choosing a font size

Next, you are prompted to select the font size you wish to use to display text on the handheld.

1. Press

2. Press

6 until the font size you wish to display is highlighted, and

then press

x or · to select it.

e to highlight the OK button, and press x or · to select

it.

Note: You can reset the font size on your handheld at any time by changing the system settings.

Getting Started 9

When you have selected the font size, the Welcome screen displays. This screen describes a few of the basics of using your new handheld.

Press 6 on the NavPad to scroll down through the document.

Once you have finished with the welcome screen, press e to highlight the OK button, then press x or · to display the home menu.

The Home menu

The Home menu provides a starting point for all activities on your handheld. Use the Home menu to perform the following tasks:

• creating new documents

• opening and managing existing documents

• viewing and changing system and document settings

• viewing hints for operating the handheld.

Using the Home menu

The Home menu displays when you power on your handheld for the first time.

Note: To return to the Home menu from any other location, press

10 Getting Started

1. Press the arrows on the NavPad (3, 4, 5,or6 ) to move among the

options on the Home menu.

A brief description of what each option does displays at the bottom of the screen.

Note: Not all options are available at all times. If an option is not available, its icon is grayed-out on the home menu.

2. Press

x or · to select a highlighted option, or press the number

associated with the option.

For example, press

To learn more about applications and documents, see the Working with Documents chapter.

6 to open a new document.

The TI-Nspire™ handheld screen

The handheld screen provides information about the document you are working in, as well as the system settings and status. The example below illustrates the main elements of the handheld screen. A description of each element follows.

Getting Started 11

Ê Page tabs - indicate the problem number followed by the page

number.

Ë System Settings - display the system settings in use, what modifier

keys are in use, and provides a snapshot of battery status.

Ì Status icons - indicate whether any modifier keys are active, and

display battery and memory status.

Viewing status information

The icons that display across the top of the handheld screen provide a quick look at the operating status of the handheld. Icons indicate whether any modifier keys are active, and display the current page number and the total page number. Battery status and low memory indicators also display in this area.

Icon Indicator Action

critical

good

low

Active key

Battery Status Indicates battery life.

Indicates whether keys are active.

/ or g

Viewing system settings

The system information menu allows you to view the following system information:

12 Getting Started

• Document settings

• System settings

• Handheld status

• About screen

Not all options are accessible at all times. For example, if no document is open, you cannot view document settings. When an option is not available, it appears in light gray on the menu.

Document settings

Document settings control how the handheld displays and interprets information in each document. All numbers, including elements of matrices and lists, display according to the document settings.

Document settings Options

The following table lists the document settings and their possible values.

Field Values

Display Digits Float

Float1 - Float12 Fix0 - Fix12

Angle Radian

Degree Gradian

Exponential Format Normal

Scientific Engineering

Real or Complex Real

Rectangular Polar

Exact or Approx. Auto

Exact Approximate

Vector Format Rectangular

Cylindrical Spherical

Getting Started 13

Field Values

Base Decimal

Hex Binary

Changing document settings

1. Press /c16to display the Document Settings dialog box.

2. Press

3. When you reach the setting that you want to change, press

4. Press the

5. Press the

6. Press

e to move down through the list of settings. (Press 3 if you

need to move back up through the list.)

6 to

expand the selection list.

5 and 6 keys to highlight the option you wish to select

and press

x or · .

4 key until the OK button is highlighted.

x or · to apply the new document settings.

Note: If you want to apply the new settings to the device, highlight

Apply to System and press x or ·.

System settings

System settings apply default settings to all documents on the handheld. When you create a new document, by default, it uses the system settings to control how the document displays and interprets information. Document settings applied to an individual document override the system settings. System settings also control the language and the font size for the handheld.

14 Getting Started

Changing system settings

1. Press c82to open the System Settings window.

2. Press e until the category of settings you want to change is

highlighted.

3. Press

4. Press

5. Press

6. When you have changed all the settings to suit your needs, press

6 to display the list of possible settings.

6 to highlight the setting you wish to select.

x or · to select the new setting.

e until OK is highlighted, and press x or · to apply your

changes.

Note: Click

Defaults to return the handheld to the factory settings.

Handheld status

The Handheld Status screen shows the amount of memory (in bytes) used by all documents and variables on your TI-Nspire™ handheld. The Handheld Status screen displays the following information:

Getting Started 15

• Storage Capacity

•Space Used

• Free Space

• Battery Status

Checking available memory

1. Press c83.

2. Press

x or · to dismiss the Handheld Status screen.

Freeing Memory

If you have insufficient memory to store documents on your handheld, you must free memory to create the space you need. To free memory, you must delete documents and/or folders from memory. If you wish to keep the documents and folders for use later, you can back them up to another handheld or to a computer.

Deleting items from memory

If have documents stored on your handheld that you no longer need, you can delete them from memory to create additional space.

Before you delete documents from memory, consider restoring sufficient available memory by copying files to another handheld.

1. Open My Documents.

c7.

Press

2. Press

3. Press

16 Getting Started

£ or ¤ to select the folder or document you want to delete.

4. Press x or · to confirm that you want to delete the file.

Note: Press

d to cancel the deletion. Press /Z to cancel.

Using connection cables

Your TI-Nspire™ handheld comes with connection cables that allow you to share files with both a computer and another device. Different cables work with each keypad.

USB cables

You can use USB cables to connect two TI-Nspire handhelds, to connect a TI-Nspire handheld to a computer, or to connect one TI-Nspire™ handheld using TI-Nspire™ TI-84 Plus keypad to another.

TI-Nspire™ USB connection cable to connect handheld to a computer using TI-Nspire Computer Link software.

TI-84 Plus Mode cables

If you already have TI-84 Plus handhelds and use the I/O port for connectivity, you can use the same cables to connect to a TI-Nspire handheld using the 84 keypad.

TI-Nspire™ handheld miniUSB cable to connect two TI-Nspire handhelds

USB connection cable to connect handheld to a computer using TI Connect software.

Getting Started 17

TI-84 Plus I/O device-to-device connection cable

Backing up files to another handheld

To back up files to another TI-Nspire™ handheld, follow the steps below. Complete instructions for connecting two handhelds are included in the electronic version of the handheld guidebook, provided on the CD that came with your handheld.

Connecting two TI-Nspire™handhelds with the USB unit-tounit cable

The TI-Nspire™ handheld USB A port is located at the center of the top of the handheld.

1. Firmly insert either end of the USB unit-to-unit cable into the USB A port.

2. Insert the other end of the cable into the receiving unit’s USB A port.

Sending a document

1. Press c7 to open My Documents on the sending unit.

2. Press the 5 and 6 keys to highlight the document you want to send.

3. Press

4. When the file transfer is complete, a message displays on the

/c15 to select Send from the Document menu.

receiving unit.

Connecting a TI-Nspire™ with TI-84 Plus Keypad to a TI-84 Plus handheld

TI-Nspire™ TI-84 Plus keypad I/O link port is located at the bottom edge of the keypad. The TI-84 Plus I/O link port is located at the top left edge of the graphing calculator.

1. Firmly insert either end of the I/O unit-to-unit cable into the port.

2. Insert the other end of the cable into the other graphing calculator’s I/O port.

18 Getting Started

Connecting the TI-Nspire™ handheld to a computer

1. Firmly insert the mini-USB end of the cable into the port at the top of your handheld.

2. Firmly insert the USB end of the cable into the USB port of the computer.

Upgrading the Operating System

You can upgrade the OS on your TI-Nspire™ handheld using your computer and TI-Nspire™ Computer Link Software. You can also transfer the OS from one handheld to another.

Warning: Upgrading the operating system will delete all TI-84 applications and files. Before installing an OS upgrade, you should use TI Connect to back up all TI-84 applications and files to a computer. You can copy them back to the handheld when the OS upgrade is complete.

If there is not enough room on the receiving handheld for the upgrade, the sending handheld is notified. The only time documents can be affected by an OS installation is if the receiving handheld has a corrupted OS. In this situation, documents may be affected by OS restoration. It is a good practice to back up your important documents and folders before installing an updated operating system.

See the important information below concerning batteries before performing an OS upgrade.

Important Operating System download information

It is always a good practice to install new batteries before beginning an OS download.

When in OS download mode, the Automatic Power Down feature does not function. If you leave your handheld in download mode for an extended time before you begin the downloading process, your batteries may become depleted. You will then need to replace the batteries with new batteries before downloading.

(APD)

Where to get Operating System upgrades

For up-to-date information about available OS upgrades, check the Texas Instruments Web site at http://education.ti.com.

Getting Started 19

You can download an OS upgrade from the Texas Instruments Web site to a computer, and use a USB computer cable to install the OS on your TI-Nspire™ handheld.

For complete information, refer to the instructions in the chapter on TI-Nspire™ Computer Link Software.

Backing up files to a computer

Use the TI-Nspire™ Computer Link Software or TI Connect (with the TI-84 Plus keypad) to back up the contents of your handheld to a computer. TI-Nspire™ Computer Link Software and TI Connect software are available on the product CD that came with your handheld.

Resetting the memory

The Reset button on the underside of the handheld resets all memory. When resetting all memory on the TI-Nspire™ handheld, RAM and Flash memory is restored to factory settings. All files will be deleted. All system variables are reset to default settings.

Caution: Before you reset all memory, consider restoring sufficient available memory by deleting only selected data. If you reset all memory, the pre-installed apps on your handheld will be deleted.

To reset all memory on the handheld, follow these steps.

1. Use a paper clip or ball point pen to press the Reset button on the underside of the handheld.

2. Hold for three seconds, and release.

Handheld memory is cleared.

When you clear memory, the contrast cometimes changes. If the screen is faded or blank, adjust the contrast by pressing

20 Getting Started

/+ or /-.

Displaying the About screen

The About screen displays information about theTI-Nspire™ handheld type, the Operating System (OS) Version, and Product Identification (ID).

To dis p l a y t he About screen, press

For information regarding OS updates, see the chapter Transferring Files in the electronic version the the handheld guidebook. This guidebook is available on the CD that came with your handheld, or on the Texas Instruments web site: http://education.ti.com/guides.

c84.

Viewing Hints

Hints provide helpful information for navigating the handheld. To view Hints, press c9.

Getting Started 21

Using the catalog

Use the catalog to access a list of TI-Nspire™ commands and functions, units, symbols and expression templates. Commands and functions are listed alphabetically. Commands or functions not beginning with a letter are found at the end of the list. (&, /, +, -, etc.).

The catalog window uses five tabs to categorize commands, special characters and templates:

contains all commands and functions, in alphabetical order

contains all math functions

provides a symbol palette for adding special characters.

contains math templates for creating two dimensional objects, including product, sum, square root and integral.

shows Public library (LibPub) objects.

Opening the catalog

1. Press k to open the catalog.

2. Press the number key for the category of the item.

For example, press 4 to show a table of symbols.

3. Press

22 Getting Started

6 until the item you want to insert is highlighted.

Notice that a syntax example for the selected item displays at the bottom of the screen.

Note: To see additional syntax examples of the selected item, press

e, and then press · to maximize or minimize the Help. To move

back to the selected item, press

ge.

4. Press

Using Wizards

Some functions have a wizard to help you enter function arguments. To use the wizard, press

· to insert the item.

e until the Use Wizard box is highlighted. Press

x or · to select the check box.

Entering special characters

The symbol palette contains a subset of the objects found in the catalog.

1. To display the symbol palette, press

2. Press 3, 4, 5oor 6 until the item you want to insert is highlighted.

/k.

3. Press

· to insert the item.

Entering Math expressions

Math expression templates help you create two dimensional objects, including partial, product, sum, square root and integral.

1. To display the math expressions palette, press

Getting Started 23

/r.

2. Press 3, 4, 5oor 6 until the item you want to insert is highlighted.

3. Press

x or · to insert the item.

Entering international language characters

The ; key allows you to enter specially accented or punctuated

characters in applications that allow text input.

1. Open an application that allows text input.

2. Type the desired text.

3. Position the cursor after the letter that you want to accent. For example, "e" while in the French locale.

4. Press ; on the keypad. Notice that the "e" changes to "é." Keep pressing Press _ or the next letter of your text to accept the character and continue typing.

; until you find the accented version of e that you want.

24 Getting Started

Working with Documents

The TI-Nspire™ handheld lets you save your work in documents, which you can share with other handheld users, and those using the desktop software. In fact, all of the work you do with the TI-Nspire™ handheld is contained in one or more documents. The three main components involved in organizing and saving work on your handheld are:

•Documents

• Page Sorter

• My Documents

Documents

The TI-Nspire™ document model is simple and easy to use when you understand its structure.

• Each document is divided into one or more problems.

• Each problem contains one or more pages.

• Each page can be divided into as many as four work areas.

• Each work area can contain any of the TI-Nspire™ math and science learning technology applications (Calculator, Graphs & Geometry, Lists & Spreadsheet, Data & Statistics and Notes).

Page Sorter

Although the handheld typically displays the pages in your document one at a time, the Page Sorter lets you see all of the problems in your document and all pages within each problem in thumbnail format. You can use the Page Sorter to rearrange and delete pages, and copy a page from one problem and paste it in another.

Working with Documents 25

My Documents

My Documents is a file manager where you store and organize your documents. Documents are stored in folders.

Creating documents

There are two methods for creating a document. You can create a blank document and then add applications and apply a layout, or if no document is currently open, you can create a document containing a single application.

Creating a blank document

f Press c6 to open a document from the home menu, or use the

shortcut keys.

Shortcut keys:

A new document opens and displays a blank page with the Add Application menu.

Note: The tab at the top left of the screen indicates that this is the first page of the first problem.

26 Working with Documents

Adding an application

f Press the number that corresponds to the application you wish to

add to the page.

For example, press the page. The application displays in the work area.

2 to add the Graphs & Geometry application to

Creating a document with an application

If no documents are currently open, you can create a document with an application already added.

f Press

c and select the number of the application you want to

create. For example, press Spreadsheet page.

A new document opens with Lists & Spreadsheet on the page.

c3 to create a new Lists &

Note: If you are currently working in a document, this method adds a new page, containing the selected application.

Working with Documents 27

Working with applications

Once you have added an application to your page, there are three menus that provide access to the features and functionality of the application, and allow you to manipulate your documents. These menus are:

• the Application menu

• the Context menu

• the Page Tools menu

Application menu

The Application menu displays tools for working with a specific application. Each application has a unique menu.

Using the Application menu

1. If you are on a blank page, Press b to display the Application

menu. The menu displays applications that you can add to the page.

2. Press the number of the application you want to add to the page. For example, press

28 Working with Documents

3 to add the Lists & Spreadsheet application.

3. Press b to display the Application menu.

When you have an application on a page, the Application menu displays options for working with the current application. The example below displays the Application menu for the Lists & Spreadsheet application.

Context menu

The context menu displays options that are specific to the selected object or the current cursor location.

Using the Context menu

f To access a context-sensitive menu from an application, press

/b.

In the example below, the context menu displays options available for the selected cell in Lists & Spreadsheet.

Working with Documents 29

Page Tools menu

The Page Tools menu allows you to move between pages, modify page layout, insert pages or problems, delete pages and change document settings.

Using the Page Tools menu

1. Press /c

2. Press the number of the option you wish to select. For example, to change the page layout, press 5.

to display the menu.

Changing the page layout

When you create a new document, it contains space to add one application. If you need to add more than one application to a page, you can change the layout to accommodate as many as four applications.

You can choose a standard layout, provided as a menu item, or you can customize a layout to suit your needs.

Choosing a standard layout

1. Press /c5 to display layout options.

30 Working with Documents

2. If you want to select a standard layout, press 2.

3. Press the number that corresponds to the layout you want to apply to the page.

For example, press vertically on the page. The page is divided into the layout design you

have selected.

4. Press

/e to move to the right pane on the page.

2 to create a two-pane layout, divided

Working with Documents 31

5. Press the number of the application you want to add the new pane. For example, to add the Graphs & Geometry application to the right

pane, press

Note: If you need to change the layout of the page to add or delete applications, you can do so at any time.

Creating a custom layout

If the standard layouts do not meet your needs, you can customize the space allotted to applications on a page.

1. Press

32 Working with Documents

/c5 to display layout options.

2. Press 1 to select the custom split option.

The standard layout displays, with a blinking divider between the application panes.

3. Press

4. Press

£, ¤, ¡ or ¢ to move the divider to adjust the height and

width of the panes in the layout.

Note: Press

+ or - to select a defined layout.

xor · to accept the layout dimensions.

Repositioning applications on a page

If you want to change the position of applications on a page with multiple applications, you can do so by "swapping" the positions of two applications.

Swapping applications

1. Select Swap Applications from the Page Layout menu.

/c54

Press

2. Press /e to select the application you want to move.

The selected application is surrounded by a heavy, flashing black border, and the Swap App cursor

Note: On a two-pane page layout, the selected application automatically swaps position with the opposite pane. Press or

· to complete the swap.

3. Press

£, ¤, ¡ or ¢ to position the cursor over the application you are

targeting to swap.

é displays on the screen.

Working with Documents 33

4. Press xor · to complete the swap.

Note: Press

d to cancel the swap.

Adding a problem to a document

A document can contain as many as 30 problems. To add a new problem:

1. Press

/c41.

A new problem with one page is added to the document.

Note: The tab at the top left of the screen indicates that this is the first page of the second problem.

2. Press the number of the application you want to add to the new page.

Adding a page to a problem

Each problem can contain up to 50 pages. To add a new page to a problem:

f Press

34 Working with Documents

/c42 to add a blank page

f Press c to display the Home menu, then press the number of the

application you’d like to add to the new page in the problem.

For example, press application.

c1to add a new page with the Calculator

Shortcut keys:

A new page is added to the current problem.

Note: The tab at the top left of the screen indicates that this is the second page of the second problem.

/I.

Moving through pages in a document

Use the following keys to navigate through your documents.

/ 3 displays the previous page.

/ 4 displays the next page.

/ 5 displays the Page Sorter.

Saving a document

If you are working in a document and want to save it:

1. Press

Working with Documents 35

/c13or

Shortcut keys:

If you are saving the document for the first time, you will be asked which folder to save it to, and what to name the document.

2. Type a name for the new document.

3. If you want to save the document in a different folder, press

geand type a new folder name, or press x to view a list of

existing folders.

4. Press

5. Press

6. Press

¤ to highlight the folder name and press x to select it.

e to select OK.

xor · to save the document.

Viewing and reordering pages in a document

The Page Sorter displays all of the problems in your document and all pages within each problem in thumbnail format. You can use the Page Sorter to rearrange and delete pages, copy a page from one problem and paste it in another and apply templates to pages.

Opening the Page Sorter from a document

f Press /c33 or

Shortcut keys: / £.

The Page Sorter screen displays all of the problems and pages in the current document.

36 Working with Documents

Reordering pages in a problem

To move a page within a document from the Page Sorter:

1. Use the

A heavy border around the page indicates that it is selected.

2. Either press and hold

3 and 4 keys to select the page you want to move.

xor press / xuntil the grab cursor

÷displays.

3. Press

4. Press

3 , 4, 5 and 6 to move the page to the desired position.

x or · to finish the move.

Note: You can press

The page moves to the new location within the problem, and the counter adjusts accordingly.

d to cancel.

Working with Documents 37

Copying a page to another problem

To copy a page from one problem to another in the same document:

1. Press

3 , 4, 5 and 6 to select the page you want to copy.

A heavy border around the page indicates that it is selected.

2. Press / C to copy the page.

3. Press

4. Press

3 , 4, 5 and 6 to move the page to the desired position in the

new problem.

/ V to paste the page in the new location.

The page moves to the new location within the problem, and the counter adjusts accordingly.

Copying a page to another document

To copy a page from one document to another document:

1. Press

38 Working with Documents

3 , 4, 5 and 6 to select the page you want to copy.

A heavy border around the page indicates that it is selected.

2. Press / C to copy the page.

3. Press

4. Press

5. Press

6. Press the

7. Press

8. Press / 5 to display the Page Sorter.

9. Press

10. Press

c 7 to Open My Documents.

5 and 6 to highlight the folder containing the document you

want to copy the page to.

4 to open the folder, or press b 3.

5 and 6 keys to highlight the document.

x or · to open the document.o

3 , 4, 5 and 6 to move the page to the desired position in the

document.

/ V to paste the page in the new location.

The page moves to the new location within the problem, and the counter adjusts accordingly.

Document settings

You can change the mode settings for a document when you want to use settings different from those you have specified for the handheld. For instance, if you want to change the angle mode or exponential format used by the current document without changing the settings for every document on the handheld, use Document Settings to do so.

Changing document settings

1. Press c81 to display the Document Settings dialog box.

Working with Documents 39

2. Press e to move down through the list of settings.

Note: Press

3. When you reach the setting that you want to change, press expand the selection list.

4. Press the and press

5. Press

6. Press

Note: If you want these settings to apply to future documents also, highlight

geif you need to move back up through the list.

5 and 6 keys to highlight the option you wish to select

xor ·.

e until the OK button is highlighted.

x or · to apply the new document settings.

Apply to System and press x.

6 to

40 Working with Documents

Managing documents

My Documents is a file manager where you store and organize your documents. The example below illustrates the My Documents screen with its main parts labeled. Following the screen, you can find descriptions of each labeled part.

À Expanded folder Á Unsaved document Â Collapsed folder Ã System status indicators Ä File size

Opening My Documents

To ope n My Documents:

f Press

c7.

Note: If you are working in a document, press

/ 5 / 5.

Working with Documents 41

The My Documents screen opens, displaying all folders and files on the handheld.

Opening documents

To open a document:

1. Press

2. Press

3. Press the

4. Press

5 and 6 to highlight the folder containing the document.

xor · to open the folder.

5 and 6 keys to highlight the document you want to

open.

xor · to open the document.o

Expanding folders

To expand a single folder:

1. Press

2. Press

3. The icon changes to the opened icon and a list displays showing

5 and 6 to highlight the folder.

xor · to open the folder.

all documents within the folder.

Expanding all folders

To expand all folders on the My Documents screen:

f Press

b 5.

All folders expand to display their contents.

Renaming folders or documents

To rename a folder or document:

1. Press the want to rename.

2. Press

42 Working with Documents

5 and 6 keys to highlight the document or folder you

b 2.

The document or folder name is highlighted.

3. Type a new name and press · to complete the change.

Note: Press

d to cancel.

Collapsing folders

To collapse a single folder:

f Press

To collapse all folders:

f Press

3 tto collapse an expanded folder. The icon returns to the closed

folder icon and the contents of the folder no longer display on the screen.

b 6 to collapse all folders.

Creating folders

You can create folders two different ways:

• You can create a folder when you save a new document: The

Save As... menu commands allow you to enter a new folder

and name for the document.

• You can create a folder directly from the My Documents screen. Press

Save

b 1. Type a name for new folder, and press xor · to add it.

File and folder naming conventions

Folder names must be unique. File and folder names can be very long, and can include almost all characters, including spaces and punctuation.

Deleting documents and folders

1. Press 5 and 6 to highlight the document or folder you want to

delete.

Working with Documents 43

2. Press / c 2 6 or press ..

A dialog box displays, confirming that you want to delete the file or folder.

3. Press

Note: Press

xor · to select Yes.

The document is deleted.

/ c 2 1 to Undo a file or folder deletion.

Duplicating documents and folders

Use Copy (/ C) and Paste (/ V) to duplicate documents and folders.

To copy a document to another folder, select the desired folder, then paste.

Recovering deleted documents

Most operations performed in My Documents can be undone. Press

/Z (Undo) to cancel the last operation until the deleted document is

restored.

44 Working with Documents

Linking values on pages

Variable linking is a powerful tool for building and exploring mathematical models. Values and functions created or defined in one application can interact with other applications (within the same problem) to share data.

There are a few things to keep in mind when using linked items:

• Values can be linked between applications on one page or between different pages of the same problem.

• Since all applications are linked to the same actual data, if you delete it from any application, then all references to the data are lost.

• If the linked value is changed in the original application, the change is reflected in all linked usages.

Each application allows you to define a value or function as a variable. Defining a variable is the first step in linking values.

Creating TI-Nspire™ variables

Variables can be any portion or attribute of an object or function created within an application. Examples of attributes that can become variables are the area of a rectangle, the radius of a circle, the value contained in a spreadsheet cell or the contents of a row or column, or a function expression. When you create a variable, it is stored in memory within the problem .

Types of variables

You can store the following data types as variables:

Data type Examples

Expression

List {2, 4, 6, 8} {1, 1, 2}

Matrix

2.54 1.25E6 2p xmin/10 2+3i (xN2)

123

This can be entered as:

[1,2,3;3,6,9]

369

Character string “Hello” “xmin/10” “The answer is:”

Function myfunc( arg ) ellipse( x, y, r1, r2 )

Measurement coordinate, length, perimeter, slope, angle, integral

Working with Documents 45

Creating a variable from a Graphs & Geometry value

1. Click to select the value to store as a variable.

2. Do one of the following:

• Press

• Open the Tools menu and select the Variables option. The

3. Press default variable name. Type over VAR with the variable name you

want to give the value.

h. The Variables options are displayed with Store

highlighted.

/ L to display the Variables options. Store is

highlighted.

Variables options are displayed with Store highlighted.

·. VAR := appears before the selected value. This is the

46 Working with Documents

4. When the variable name is typed, press ·. The value is saved to

that variable name, and the stored value or its name appears in bold text to indicate it is a stored value.

Creating a variable from a Lists & Spreadsheet cell value

You can share a cell value with other TI-Nspire™ math and science learning technology applications. When defining or referring to a shared cell in Lists & Spreadsheet, you precede the name with an apostrophe (‘).

1. Click the cell that you want to share.

2. Press

3. Replace the letters “var” with a name for the variable, and press

Note: If a variable with the name you specified already exists in the current problem, Lists & Spreadsheet displays an error message.

hor / L. A formula is inserted into the cell with var as a

placeholder for a variable name.

·.

The value is now available as a variable to other TI-Nspire™ math and science learning technology applications within the current problem.

Creating Calculator variables

As alternatives to using h, you can use “:=” or the Define command. All of the following statements are equivalent.

5+8

& num

num := 5+8

Define num=5+8

Special considerations for variables

Rules for naming variables

Variable and function names that you create must meet the following naming rules.

Working with Documents 47

Note: Avoid defining variables that use the same names as those used for statistical analysis. In some cases, an error condition could occur. Variable names used for statistical analysis are listed in the Appendix of Functions, under the

StatMatrix entry.

• You can use 1 to 16 characters consisting of letters, digits, and the underscore character (_). Letters can be U.S. or Greek letters (but not Π or p), accented letters, and international letters.

• You can use uppercase or lowercase letters. The names AB22, Ab22, aB22, and ab22 all refer to the same variable.

• Do not use spaces.

• If you use an underscore as the first character, the variable it is considered a type of unit, such as _m, _ft, and _in. Units do not allow subsequent underscores in the name.

• You cannot use a preassigned variable or function name, such as ans or min.

Note: For a complete list of TI-Nspire™ functions, refer to the TI-Nspire™ Reference Guide.

Here are some examples:

Variable name Valid?

Myvar Yes My var No. Contains a space. a Yes Log No. Name is preassigned to the

log( ) function.

Log1 Yes

Preventing name conflicts

A TI-Nspire™ shared variable can have the same name as a table cell or column letter. To help you prevent name conflicts in your table formulas, Lists & Spreadsheet provides syntax rules.

• To refer to a variable whose name could conflict with the name of a cell (such as A1), precede the variable name with an apostrophe (‘A1).

48 Working with Documents

• To refer to a table column (such as A) without conflicting with a

single-letter variable name A, follow the column letter with a pair of brackets (A[]).

Use this syntax: To refer to: Remarks

myvar The shared variable

myvar.

A1 The table cell at

column A, row 1.

‘A1 The shared variable A1. The apostrophe makes this a

A The shared variable A. This syntax never refers to column

A[] Column A of the

current table.

No special syntax needed, because this name does not conflict with a cell or column reference.

This syntax always refers to table cell A1—never to variable A1.

reference to variable A1—never to table cell A1.

Brackets make this a reference to column A—never to variable A.

Checking a variable’s value using the Calculator application

You can check the value of an existing variable by entering its name on the Calculator entry line.

f On the Calculator entry line, type the variable name num and press

·.

The value most recently stored in num is displayed as the result.

Using (linking) TI-Nspire™ variables

Sharing, or linking, the variables you create is a powerful tool for math exploration. The display of linked variables is automatically updated when the variable’s value changes.

In the following two examples, two data lists were created in Lists & Spreadsheet and then plotted in Graphs & Geometry.

Working with Documents 49

When the values are altered in Lists & Spreadsheet, they automatically update in Graphs & Geometry.

Linking to shared variables

To use a stored variable:

1. Display the page and select the location or object to which you want to link a variable.

2. Do one of the following:

• Press

• Open the Tools menu and select the Variables option.

3. Press you type, the TI-Nspire™ system displays a list of variables that begin

with the letters you typed. Typing part of the name enables you to locate a variable more quickly if the list is long.

50 Working with Documents

h. The Variables display.

/ L to display the Variables options.

£ and ¤ to scroll the list, or type part of the variable name. As

4. When you locate and highlight the name of the variable you want to use, click the name or press

·. The selected variable value is linked.

Linking a Lists & Spreadsheet cell to a variable

When you link a cell to a variable, Lists & Spreadsheet keeps the cell value updated to reflect the current value of the variable. The variable can be any variable in the current problem space and can be defined in Graphs & Geometry, Calculator, or any instance of Lists & Spreadsheet.

Note: Do not link to a system variable. Doing so could prevent the variable from being updated by the system. System variables include ans, StatMatrix, and statistics results (such as RegEqn, dfError, and Resid).

1. Click the cell that you want to link to the variable.

2. Click or

The VarLink menu displays.

3. Under

The cell shows the value of the variable.

/ L, and click Cell.

Link To, scroll to the name of the variable and click it.

Removing a linked variable

To remove a linked variable from a page:

1. Select the linked variable.

2. Do one of the following:

• Press

Working with Documents 51

• Press / L to display the Variables options.

• Open the Tools menu and select the Variables option.

The Variables options display.

3. Select Unlink. The link is removed from the value, and the value is displayed without any bolding.

Libraries

A library is a TI-Nspire™ document that contains a collection of variables, functions, and/or programs that have been defined as library objects.

Unlike ordinary variables, functions, and programs, which can be used only within a single problem (the problem in which they are defined), library objects are accessible from any document. You can even create public library objects that appear in the TI-Nspire™ Catalog.

For details, see the “Libraries” chapter in Part 2 of the handheld guidebook, available on the CD that came with your handheld or on the Texas Instruments web site, http://education.ti.com.

52 Working with Documents

Program Editor

The Program Editor helps you define, edit, and manage user-defined functions and programs.

• The editor has dialog boxes to help you define functions and programs using correct syntax.

• The editor lets you enter multiple-line programming statements without requiring a special key sequence to add each line.

• You can easily create private and public library objects (variables, functions, and programs).

For details, see the “Programming” chapter in Part 2 of the handheld guidebook, available on the CD that came with your handheld or on the Texas Instruments web site, http://education.ti.com.

Sending a document to another handheld

You can send documents and Operating System (OS) files to another TI-Nspire™ handheld.

Rules for sending files

• If a document with the same name as the one you are sending already exists on the receiving TI-Nspire™ handheld, the document will be renamed. The system appends a number to the name to make it unique. For example, if a document called Mydata existed on the receiving TI-Nspire™ handheld, it would be renamed Mydata(2).

Both the sending and receiving units display a message that shows the new name.

• There is a 255-character maximum length for a file name, including the entire path. If a transmitted file has the same name as an existing file on the receiving unit and the file names contain 255 characters, then the name of the transmitted file will be truncated to allow the software to follow the renaming scheme described in the previous bullet.

• All variables associated with the document being transmitted are transfered with the document.

• Transmissions will time out after 30 seconds.

Sending a document

1. Open My Documents.

Press c7.

Working with Documents 53

2. Press the 5 and 6 keys on the NavPad to highlight the document you want to send.

3. Select Send from the My Documents menu.

Press /c15.

4. The file transfer begins. A progress bar displays to allow you to follow the transfer. There is a cancel button on the Sending... dialog that allows you to cancel the transmission while it in progress.

When the transfer is complete, a message displays. If the file was renamed on the receiving handheld, the new file name displays.

Receiving a document

No action is required by the user of the receiving TI-Nspire™ handheld. Units are automatically powered on when the cable is attached.

Canceling a transfer

1. To cancel a transmission in-progress, press Cancel on the dialog of the sending unit.

Note: To cancel a transfer from the receiving handheld, press d.

2. A link transmission error message displays.

3. Press

54 Working with Documents

d or · to cancel the transmission error message.

For more information, see the Transferring Files chapter in Part 2 of this guidebook, available on the CD that came with your handheld, or on the Texas Instruments web site at http://education.ti.com/guides.

Using

Calculator

Getting started with the

The Calculator application gives you a place to enter and evaluate math expressions. You can also use it to define variables, functions, and programs. When you define or edit a variable, function, or program, it becomes available to any TI-Nspire™ math and science learning technology application—such as Graphs & Geometry—that resides in the same problem.

You can also use Calculator to define library objects, such as variables, functions, and programs, which are accessible from any problem of any document. For information on creating library objects, see the “Libraries” section of the documentation.

Calculator

application

À Calculator menu – This menu is available anytime you are in the

Calculator work area. Press this screen snapshot may not exactly match the menu on your screen.

b to display the menu. The menu in

Á Calculator work area

– You enter a math expression on the entry line and then press

· to evaluate the expression.

– Expressions display in standard mathematical notation as you

enter them.

Using Calculator 55

– Entered expressions and results show in the Calculator history.

Â Example of Calculator variables used in another TI-Nspire™

application

The Calculator tool menu

The Calculator tool menu lets you enter and evaluate a variety of math expressions.

Menu Name

Actions

Number

Menu Option Function

Define Inserts the Define command.

Recall Definition Lets you view, reuse, or modify

a function or program that you have defined.

Delete Variable Inserts the

Clear a-z Deletes all variables with

single-letter names.

Clear History Deletes all expressions in the

Calculator history.

Insert Comment Lets you insert text.

Library Lets you refresh all libraries, set

LibPub or LibPriv access, or insert a “\” character

Convert to Decimal

Factor Inserts

Least Common Multiple Inserts

Inserts

delVar command.

¢Decimal command.

factor().

lcm().

Greatest Common Divisor Inserts

Remainder Inserts

Fraction Tools Lets you select

56 Using Calculator

gcd() function.

remain().

propFrac(),

getNum(), getDenom().

Menu Name

Complex

Menu Option Function

Number Tools Lets you select round(), iPart(),

fPart(), sign(), mod(), floor(),

or ceiling().

Complex Conjugate Inserts conj().

Real Part Inserts

real().

Imaginary Part Inserts

Polar Angle Inserts

imag().

angle().

Magnitude Inserts the absolute value

template.

Convert to Polar

Convert to Rectangular

¢Polar command.

Inserts

¢Rect command.

Inserts

Calculations

Numerical Solve Inserts nSolve().

Numerical Function

Inserts

nfMin().

Minimum Numerical Function

Inserts

nfMax().

Maximum Numerical Derivative Inserts Numerical Integral Inserts

nDeriv(). nInt().

Finance Solver Starts the Finance Solver.

Probability

Factorial (!) Inserts !.

Permutations Inserts

nPr().

Combinations Inserts

Random Lets you select

Using Calculator 57

nCr().

rand(), randInt(), randBin(), randNorm(), randSamp(), or RandSeed.

Menu Name

Statistics

Menu Option Function

Distributions Lets you select from several

distributions, such as

, Binomial Cdf, and

Pdf Inverse F.

Normal

Stat Calculations Lets you select from several

statistics calculations, such as one-variable analysis, twovariable analysis, and regressions.

Stat Results Inserts the stat.results variable.

List Math Lets you select from several list

calculations, such as minimum, maximum, and mean.

List Operations Lets you select from several list

operations, such as sorting, filling, and converting to a matrix.

Distributions Lets you select from several

distributions, such as

, Binomial Cdf, and

Pdf Inverse F.

Normal

Confidence Intervals Lets you select from several

confidence intervals, such as

tinterval and zinterval.

Stat Tests Lets you select from several

tests such as

test

ANOVA, t test, z

Matrix & Vector

Tra nspose

Inserts

Determinant Inserts det().

Row-Echelon Form Inserts

58 Using Calculator

ref().

Menu Name

Menu Option Function

Reduced Row-Echelon

Inserts rref().

Form

Simultaneous Inserts

simult().

Create Lets you select from several

matrix-creation options, such as identity, diagonal, submatrix, and others.

Norms Lets you select

rowNorm(), or colNorm().

Dimensions Lets you select

rowDim(), or colDim().

Row Operations Lets you select

rowAdd(), mRow(), or mRowAdd().

norm(),

dim(),

rowSwap(),

Element Operations Inserts “dot” operators such as

.+ (dot add) and .^ (dot power).

Advanced Inserts

Vector Inserts

eigVl(), eigVc(), LU, or

QR.

unitV(), crossP(), dotP(),

Polar, 8Rect ,8Cylind, or

8 8Sphere.

Functions & Programs

Program Editor Lets you view, open for editing,

import, or create a new program or function.

Func...EndFunc Inserts a template for creating a

function.

Prgm...EndPrgm Inserts a template for creating a

program.

Local Inserts the

Using Calculator 59

Local command.

Menu Name

Menu Option Function

Control Lets you select from a list of

function and program-control templates, such as

If...Then...EndIf, While...EndWhile, Try...E l s e...End Try, and others.

Transfer Inserts transfer commands

Return, Cycle, Exit, Lbl, Stop,

or Goto.

Disp Displays intermediate results.

Mode Inserts commands for setting or

reading modes, such as display digits, angle mode, base mode, and others.

Add New Line Starts a new line within a

function or program definition.

Before you begin

f Turn on the handheld, and add a Calculator application to a

document.

Entering and evaluating math expressions

Options for entering expressions

Calculator lets you enter and edit expressions through several methods.

• By pressing keys on the handheld keypad

• By selecting items from the Calculator menu

• By selecting items from the Catalog (

Entering simple math expressions

Note: To enter a negative number on the handheld, press v. To enter a

negative number on a computer keyboard, press the hyphen key (

Suppose you want to evaluate

1. Select the entry line in the Calculator work area.

60 Using Calculator

-).

2. Type 2^8 to begin the expression.

3. Press

¢ to return the cursor to the baseline, and then type

r 43 p 12.

4. Press · to evaluate the expression.

The expression displays in standard mathematical notation, and the result displays on the right side of the Calculator.

Note: If a result does not fit on the same line with the expression, it displays on the next line.

Controlling the form of a result

You might expect to see a decimal result instead of 2752/3 in the preceding example. A close decimal equivalent is 917.33333..., but that’s only an approximation.

By default, Calculator retains the more precise form: 2752/3. Any result that is not a whole number displays in a fractional form. This reduces rounding errors that could be introduced by intermediate results in chained calculations.

You can force a decimal approximation in a result:

• By pressing

Pressing

• By including a decimal in the expression (for example,

43).

Using Calculator 61

instead of · to evaluate the expression.

forces approximate result.

43. instead of

• By wrapping the expression in the approx() function.

• By changing the document’s

Approximate. (Press /c1 to display the File menu, and then select

Document Settings.) Note that this method forces all results

in all of the document’s problems to approximate.

Auto or Approximate mode setting to

Inserting items from the Catalog

You can use the Catalog to insert system functions and commands, symbols, and expression templates into the Calculator entry line.

1. Press

2. Press the number key for the category of the item. For example,

k to open the Catalog.

Note: Some functions have a wizard that prompts you for each argument. If you prefer to enter the argument values directly on the entry line, you may need to disable the wizard.

press 1 to show the alphabetic list.

shows an alphabetic list of functions and commands.

shows math functions and commands by category.

62 Using Calculator

provides a symbol palette for adding special characters.

contains math templates for creating two dimensional objects, including product, sum, square root and integral.

shows Public library (LibPub) objects.

3. Press ¤ and then use ¡, ¢, £, or ¤ as necessary to select the item

that you want to insert.

Note: To see syntax examples of the selected item, press then press the selected item, press

4. Press

· to alternately show or hide the Help. To move back to ge.

· to insert the item into the entry line.

e, and

Using an expression template

The Calculator has templates for entering matrices, piecewise functions, derivatives, products, and other math expressions.

For example, suppose you want to evaluate

1. Press

2. Select to insert the algebraic sum template.

/r to open the Template palette.

The template appears on the entry line with small blocks representing elements that you can enter. A cursor appears next to one of the elements to show that you can type a value for that element.

3. Use the arrow keys to move the cursor to each element’s position, and type a value or expression for each element.

Using Calculator 63

4. Press · to evaluate the expression.

Editing

Although you cannot edit an expression in the Calculator history, you can copy all or part of an expression from the history and paste it to the entry line. You can then edit the entry line.

Calculator

expressions

Positioning the cursor in an expression

f Press e to cycle through the parameters of a template.

– or –

Press ¡, ¢, £, or ¤ to move the cursor through the expression. The cursor moves to the closest valid position in the direction that you

press.

Note: An expression template may force the cursor to move through its parameters, even though some parameters may not be exactly in the path of the cursor movement. For example, moving upward from the main argument of an integral always moves the cursor to the top limit.

Inserting into an expression in the entry line

1. Position the cursor at the point where you want to insert additional elements.

2. Type the elements that you want to insert.

Note: When you insert an open parenthesis, Calculator adds a temporary close parenthesis, displayed in gray. You can override the temporary parenthesis by typing the same parenthesis manually or by entering something past the temporary parenthesis (thereby implicitly validating its position in the expression). After you override the temporary gray parenthesis, it is replaced with a black parenthesis.

64 Using Calculator

Selecting part of an expression

1. Press ¡, ¢, £, or ¤ to move the cursor to a starting point.

2. Press and hold

Deleting all or part of an expression on the entry line

1. Select the part of the expression to delete.

2. Press ..

Working with the

As you enter and evaluate expressions in the Calculator application, each entry/result pair is saved in the Calculator history. The history gives you a way to review your calculations, repeat a set of calculations, and copy expressions for reuse in other pages or documents.

Viewing the Calculator history

The history of the expressions you have entered accumulates above the entry line, with the most recent expression at the bottom. If the history does not fit in the Calculator work area, you can scroll through the history.

Note: You may notice a processing slowdown when the history contains a large number of entries.

f Press

£ or ¤.

g and press ¡, ¢, £, or ¤ to select.

Calculator

history

À Scrollbar buttons

Using Calculator 65

Á Scroll position indicator

Reusing a previous expression or result

You can copy an expression, subexpression, or result from the Calculator history and paste it into the entry line or into other TI-Nspire™ applications.

1. Scroll to the item that you want to copy.

2. Select the item.

Note: The float setting for the current document may limit the number of decimal places displayed in a result. To capture the result in its full precision, select it either by scrolling with the up and down arrow keys or by triple-clicking it.

3. Press

4. Select the location where you want the copy.

5. Press

Note: If you copy an expression that uses variables into a different problem, the values of those variables are not copied. You must define the variables in the problem where you paste the expression.

/C to make the copy.

/V to paste the copy.

Deleting an expression from the history

When you delete an expression, all variables and functions defined in the expression retain their current values.

1. Use the arrow keys to select the expression that you want to delete.

2. Press

66 Using Calculator

The expression and its result are removed.

Clearing the Calculator history

When you clear the history, all variables and functions defined in the history retain their current values. If you clear the history by mistake, use the undo feature.

1. Press

2. On the

b to display the Calculator menu.

Actions menu, select Clear History.

All expressions and results are removed from the history.

Where to find more information

More in-depth information, step-by-step instructions, and screen examples of all the Calculator features are contained in the Using Calculator chapter in Part 2 of the user guide, which is available on the CD-ROM that came with your handheld and as a download from the web site: http://education.ti.com/guides.

Using Calculator 67

68 Using Calculator

Using Graphs & Geometry

The Graphs & Geometry application enables you to:

• Graph and explore functions.

• Create and explore geometric shapes.

• Animate points on objects or graphs and explore their behavior.

• Graph data collected by the Data Collection tool.

• Explore graphical and geometric transformations.

• Explore and investigate concepts of calculus.

• Link to data created by other applications and utilize it in Graphs & Geometry.

À Problem/Page number counter Á Sample Graphs & Geometry work area in Plane Geometry View with

Analytic Window shown

Â Graphs & Geometry data entry line

These are the basic components of the Graphs & Geometry application.

The toolbar

To quickly access a tool menu, use the numeric quick keys.

Note: The number that precedes each title is the numeric entry for accessing the tool using the handheld keys or the virtual keypad on the

computer. For example, to draw a circle, you would press

Using Graphs & Geometry 69

b 8 1.

Menu Option List Overview of Tool Actions Press:

1: Actions Provides tools to access the

pointer, hide or show various graph features, add text, delete all objects in the work area, open the calculator, and access attributes for an object or function.

2: View Provides tools to manipulate the

work area features and display.

b 1

b 2

3: Graph Type Enables you to select the type of

graph to plot: function, parametric, or scatter plot.

4: Window Provides different Zoom settings

as well as the ability to define x- max, x-min, y-max, and y-min.

5: Trace Places and enables the trace tool

on the graph.

6: Points & Lines Provides tools for drawing various

types of points, lines, segments, rays, and vectors.

7: Measurement Provides tools for measuring

angles, lengths, areas, and slope.

8: Shapes Provides tools for drawing circles,

triangles, rectangles, and polygons.

9: Construction Provides tools to define

perpendicular and parallel lines, bisectors, midpoints, locus, compass, and perform measurement transfers.

A: Transformation Provides tools for symmetry,

reflection, translation, rotation, and dilation.

b 3

b 4

b 6

b 7

b 8

b 9

b A

70 Using Graphs & Geometry

Actions Menu Tools

Tool name Tool function Press:

1: Pointer Selects, moves, and manipulates

objects.

2: Hide/Show Enables you to hide or display any

object, function, or feature on the work area.

3: Attributes Enables you to change the

attributes of a selected object in the work area. Attributes vary depending upon the object selected.

4: Delete All Removes all objects and graphed

functions from the page.

5: Text Places user-created alpha-numeric

values on the page. Numerical values can be applied to objects. The tool can be used to enter a function and graph it.

6: Coordinates and Equations

7: Calculate Opens the calculator to perform

Displays the coordinates of a point or the equation of a line or circle.

calculations using measurements, numerical values, or calculation results.

b11

b12

b13

b14

b15

b16

b17

8: Redefine Redefines a previously defined

point to a new location; for example, it can define a point in free space to a location on an object or from one object to another object.

9: Data Collection Adds the Data Collection tool to

the current Graphs & Geometry page. See the Data Collection chapter for details on using this tool.

Using Graphs & Geometry 71

b18

b19

View Menu Tools

Tool name Tool function

1: Graphing Places the work area in graphing mode. Axes fill

the work area, and the entry lines displays at the bottom of the screen. This is the default display when Graphs & Geometry is added to a page.

2: Plane Geometry

3: Show Analytic Window

Places the work area in geometry mode. Show scale displays, but no axes, grid, or entry line displays.

Opens a small graphing window on a plane geometry work area. Places the Graphs & Geometry work area in modeling mode. This tool can be used only after Plane Geometry is selected.

4: Hide (Show) Axes

5: Show (Hide) Grid

6: Hide (Show) Entry Line

7: Show (Hide) Scale

8: Add Function Tab le

Hides the axes if they are currently displayed on the page. Displays the axes if none are displayed on the page. Cartesian axes are the supported axes.

Turns the grid on or off on the page. Objects can be attached to the grid when the grid is displayed.

Hides or displays the entry line on the page.

Toggles between showing and hiding the scale legend on the work area. When the scale is shown, the value and/or units can be changed to desired values/units. This applies only to geometric constructions.

Launches the Lists & Spreadsheet function table. When launched from Graphs & Geometry, it is pre-populated with all functions defined in the problem with the exception of hidden functions. More information on using Function Tables is available in the Lists & Spreadsheet chapter of this document.

72 Using Graphs & Geometry

Graphing Type Menu Tools

Tool name Tool function Press:

1: Function Displays the function mode entry

line at the bottom of the work area.

2: Parametric Displays the parametric mode

entry line at the bottom of the work area. This display shows the t-min, t-max, and t-step values. The defaults are 0-2p max, and p/24 for t-step.

3: Polar Displays the Polar mode entry

line at the bottom of the work area. This display shows the q- min, q-max, and q-step values. The defaults are 0-2p and q-max, and p/24 for q-step.

4: Scatter Plot Displays the Scatter Plot mode

entry line at the bottom of the work area.

for t-min, t-

for q-min

Window Menu Tools

Tool name Tool function Press:

1: Window Settings

Displays the Window Settings dialog that enables you to enter the x-min, x-max, y-min, and y-max values for the axes.

b31

b32

b33

b34

b41

2: Zoom - Box Enables you to define an area that

you want to enlarge.

3: Zoom - In Enables you to define the center

point of the zoom in location. The Zoom In factor is approximately 2.

4: Zoom - Out Enables you to define the center

point of the zoom out location. The Zoom Out factor is approximately 2.

Using Graphs & Geometry 73

b42

b43

b44

Tool name Tool function Press:

6: Zoom Quadrant 1

5: Zoom Standard

7: Zoom - User If you have modified any window

Automatically sets x-min, x-max, y- min, and y-max to emphasize the first quadrant. The x and y scale factors are equal.

Automatically sets x-min, x-max, y- min, and y-max to center the origin. The x and y scale factors are equal. This is the default axes setting when Graphs & Geometry is first added to a page.

settings (such as x-min), ZoomUser saves the present settings. If you have not modified any window settings since last selecting Zoom-User, Zoom-User restores those settings.

b45

b46

b47

8: Zoom - Trig Automatically sets x-min and x-

max to integer multiples of p. The x and y scale factors are equal.

9: Zoom - Data Redefines the axes so that all

statistical data points are displayed.

A: Zoom - Fit Recalculates y-min and y-max to

include the minimum and maximum y values of all functions between the current x-min and x- max. Hidden functions are not included.

b48

b49

b4A

Trace Menu Tools

Tool name Tool function

1: Graph Trace Places and activates a trace point on the graph,

enabling you to trace a function and identify points of interest as they are encountered during the trace.

2: Trace Setting Enables you to set the increment to use

between consecutive values jumped to during Graph Trace.

74 Using Graphs & Geometry

Tool name Tool function

3: Geometry Trace Enables you to view the pathway of a

geometric or analytic object (such as a function graph) on the work area. The pathway has a delayed fade. As more movement occurs on the work area, older portions of the pathway fade. If you temporarily halt movement, a portion of the trace path remains displayed.

4: Erase Geometry Trace

Halts geometric trace and erases all persistent pathways on the work area.

Points and Lines Menu Tools

Tool name Tool function Press:

1: Point Constructs a point defined in free

space, on an object, or at the intersection of two objects.

2: Point On Constructs a point defined on an

object. When the object is a function graph, the coordinates are displayed.

3: Intersection Point

Constructs a point at each intersection of two selected objects.

b61

b62

b63

4: Line Constructs an infinite line defined by

two points or by a point and a direction. If you press

creating the line, you limit its orientation, relative to the x-axis or the horizontal aspect of the screen, by 15- increments.

5: Segment Constructs a segment, defined by

two end points, which may be created or defined in free space or

on a defined object. If you press while creating the segment, you limit its orientation, relative to the x-axis

or the horizontal aspect of the screen, by 15- increments.

Using Graphs & Geometry 75

g while

b64

b65

Tool name Tool function Press:

6: Ray Constructs a ray, defined by two

points or by a point and a direction, extending infinitely. If you press

while creating the ray, you limit its orientation, relative to the x-axis or the horizontal aspect of the screen, by 15- increments.

7: Tangent Creates a tangent line.

b66

b67

8: Vector Constructs a vector with magnitude

and direction defined by two points. If you press vector, you limit its orientation,

relative to the x-axis or the horizontal aspect of the screen, by 15- increments.

g while creating the

Measurements Menu Tools

Tool name Tool function Press:

1: Length Displays the distance between two

selected points or the length of a segment, perimeter, circumference, or radius.

2: Area Displays the area of a selected

polygon or circle.

3: Slope Displays the slope of a selected line

or segment. A vertical slope is represented by %.

4: Angle Displays the measure of an angle or

an angle defined by three selected points.

5: Integral Calculates and displays the

numerical value of the integral of a selected function, and shades the area between the curve and the x-axis from point a to point b.

b68

b71

b72

b73

b74

b75

76 Using Graphs & Geometry

Shapes Menu Tools

Tool name Tool function Press:

1: Circle Constructs a circle. The center point

is defined by the first click on the page and the radius is determined by the second click.

2: Triangle Constructs a triangle, defined by

three points (vertices).

3: Rectangle Constructs a rectangle. Click once

to define one corner. Move then click to define one side. Move perpendicularly to draw the rectangle. Click to complete it.

4: Polygon Constructs an n-sided polygon. Each

click defines a vertex. The polygon is completed by clicking the initial

·.

5: Regular Polygon

vertex, or by pressing

Constructs an n-sided regular polygon. Click to define the center and click again to define the radius. Move clockwise (convex) or counter-clockwise (star) to set the value of n.

Constructions Menu Tools

Tool name Tool function Press:

1: Perpendicular Constructs a line perpendicular

to a selected line, segment, ray, vector, axis, or side of a polygon, and passing through a created or selected point.

b81

b82

b83

b84

b85

b91

2: Parallel Constructs a line parallel to a

selected line, segment, ray, vector, axis, or side of a polygon, and passing through a created or selected point.

3: Perpendicular Bisector

Using Graphs & Geometry 77

Constructs a perpendicular line that bisects two points, a segment, or side of a polygon.

b92

b93

Tool name Tool function Press:

4: Angle Bisector Constructs a line that bisects an

angle identified by three selected points where the second point is the vertex.

5: Midpoint Constructs a midpoint of two

selected points, a segment, or side of a polygon.

6: Locus Constructs the locus of a point

or object defined by the movement of a driver point along a pathway. Pathways are geometric objects.

7: Compass Constructs a circle from a center

point with a radius defined by a selected segment or the distance between two points.

8: Measurement Transfer

Transfers an entered or measured value to a selected object, axis, or function graph. If the original value changes, the change is reflected in the transferred measurement.

b94

b95

b96

b97

b98

Transformations Menu Tools

Tool name Tool function Press:

1: Symmetry Creates the image of an object

rotated 180

2: Reflection Creates the image of an object

reflected across a line, segment, ray, vector, axis, or side of a polygon.

3: Translation Creates the image of an object

translated by a specified vector.

4: Rotation Creates the image of an object

rotated around a point by a specified angular value.

78 Using Graphs & Geometry

- around a point.

bA1

bA2

bA3

bA4

Tool name Tool function Press:

5: Dilation Creates the image of an object

dilated from a point by a specified factor.

Note: When you select a tool to use, that tool’s icon displays in the upper left corner of the Graphs & Geometry page. It is there to remind you which tool is currently active.

bA5

The work area

Graphs & Geometry provides two types of work areas:

•Graphing

• Plane Geometry

The graphing view

The graphing view is the default Graphs & Geometry work area display. It contains

• coordinate axes in the Zoom Standard format (1:1 scale)

• the entry line from which you can graph up to 100 functions.

Axes, entry line, and grid can all be displayed or hidden, but in this view, no scale for any drawn shapes (e.g. Circle, etc.) can be displayed. All objects created in this view are analytic objects. Therefore, their displayed size and proportion are affected only by the scale of the axis system (the command "Show Scale" has no effect).

The plane geometry view

The plane geometry view removes the axes and entry line from the work area to enable you to draw geometric shapes and explore them. In this view, you can display and set a scale for your drawings.

To change to Plane Geometry view:

1. From the View menu, select the Plane Geometry View tool.

b 2 2.

Press

2. The display refreshes to clear the axes and entry line and display a default scale. Any graphs or drawings created in graphing view are not displayed on the plane geometry area.

To return to graphing mode:

Using Graphs & Geometry 79

f From the View Menu, select the Graphing View tool.

b 2 1.

Press The display refreshes to show the axes and entry line.

Note: Any geometric constructions created while in the plane geometry view are retained and displayed along with any previouslycreated graphs.

The analytic window

The analytic (graphing) window is available in the plane geometry view. It adds an analytic (graphing) window on top of a portion of the plane geometry work area. This provides a combination work area that enables you to use both work area types without toggling the view between them.

To open the analytic window:

1. Ensure that the work area is in Plane Geometry view.

2. From the View menu, select Show Analytic Window .

Press b 2 3.

3. A reduced size graphing window opens on the lower left corner of the plane geometry space.

You can alter the work area, without changing the view, to temporarily:

• hide the axes. Any graphs or objects remain displayed on the

work area.

• hide the entry line.

• hide the scale.

• resize the axes using the zoom tools or by dragging tic marks.

To remove the analytic window from the work area

f From the View menu, select Hide Analytic Window .

b 2 3.

Press

80 Using Graphs & Geometry

Object behavior in different views

When you create an object in the graph area, it is called an analytic object, and all points of the object reside on the graph plane. When you change the axes scale, you automatically affect the appearance of the object. If you calculate a value associated with the object such as the area, only generic units are assigned (u for unit). These objects remain associated with the coordinate plane until you delete them or redefine them to the plane geometry area. When working with a modeling view work area, you cannot move an analytic object onto the plane geometry area.

When you create an object in the plane geometry area, it is a geometric object. These objects can have an assigned scale, such as miles or centimeters, instead of u for units. You can lock a point, such as one vertex of a triangle, on the work area, but since the object is not tied to a coordinate plane, you cannot display coordinates for that vertex. When working with a modeling view work area, you can move a geometric object into the graphing work area. The object remains a geometric object, and is not associated with the axes.

Summary of differences

Feature Graph Area Plane Geometry Area

Aspect Ratio Adjustable; initially 1:1 Always 1:1 (static)

Units of Measure Generic (displayed as u) User-defined (per scale)

Area Graph Type Cartesian (default) or

Polar

Euclidian

Using Graphs & Geometry 81

Feature Graph Area Plane Geometry Area

Uses • Define and graph

functions to:

–Graph

functions of the form f (x)

– Create scatter

plots

– Graph polar

equations

–Graph

parametric functions

• Construct analytic objects

• Label equations

• Identify coordinates for discrete points

• Construct Euclidean objects

•Create transformations

• Determine measurements (e.g., length, angle, area)

Behavior Analytic constructions

must remain in the analytic area.

Geometric constructions can be moved into the analytic area but remain geometric in nature.

Creating and manipulating axes

When the Graphs & Geometry application is first added to a page, a set of Cartesian axes displays by default.

You can change the appearance of your axes in the following ways:

1. Adjust the length of the axes:

• When using Plane Geometry mode with Show Analytic Window,

– Select an axis and retype the domain or range labels.

– Select an axis and drag to increase or decrease the numbers

on the scale and tic mark spacing.

The aspect ratio of the axes is retained. To modify the scale of only one axis, press the Shift key as you adjust the value or drag the line.

82 Using Graphs & Geometry

Default range and domain

Extended domain

2. Use the Zoom tool options to adjust the view.

3. Adjust the end style of the axes using the Attributes tool. Display the Attributes tool by:

• selecting it from the menu

• pressing

/b on an axis between two tick marks.

Press the left and right arrow keys to display the desired end style. The attributes list for the axes also enables you to select a Zoom option.

4. Adjust the axes scale and tic mark spacing manually.

a) Click and hold one tic mark, and move it on the axis. The

spacing and number of tic marks increases (or decreases) on both axes.

b) To adjust the scale and tic mark spacing on a single axis,

press and holdg, and then grab and drag a tic mark on that axis.

Using Graphs & Geometry 83

5. Adjust the location of the axes. To move the existing axes without resizing or rescaling them, click in and drag an empty region of the screen until the axes are in the desired location.

Use the Window Setting tool ( ) to define the x-max, x-min, y-max, ymin, and trace step values for the axes. When selected, this tool opens a dialog that enables you to enter the values desired. The current values are initially displayed. Type over them to enter new values.

Window Settings dialog with initial values displayed

You can hide and redisplay axes using the Hide/Show Axes tool.

f From the View menu, select the Hide/Show Axes tool ( ).

b24.

Press

• If the axes are shown on the page, selecting this tool hides them.

If the axes are hidden on the page, selecting this tool redisplays them.

Drawing a circle

The following instructions enable you to construct a circle. While each tool is a little different depending upon the type of object created, the principles of using the tools to draw objects are very similar. You can obtain additional information, instructions, and see examples of objects in the Graphs & Geometry chapter of the User Guide.

1. Open Graphs & Geometry on a page.

b 8 1. Move to the work area.

Press

2. Click on the screen to define the center point of the circle.

84 Using Graphs & Geometry

Move the cursor away from this point. A circle with a dotted circumference line emerges as you move the cursor.

3. When the circle has the radius you desire, click again. The dotted circumference changes to a solid circumference in the

work area.

Note: If you hold down the g key when creating the circle, the radius is limited in length to integers.

The entry line

The Entry line appears at the bottom of the Graphs & Geometry work area.

ÀÁ Â Ã Ä

When the line is not active, it is grayed out. From left to right, the parts of this line are:

À Hide/Show function button. Á Attributes button. Â f1(x)= is the default notation used for a function or inequality. Ã Blank area into which you enter the function, polar equation,

inequality, parametric, or scatter plot data to be graphed.

Ä Expand/Contract (History) button.

Parametric Mode entry line. The default values for t-min, t-max, and t-step are shown.

Scatter Plot Mode entry line

Using Graphs & Geometry 85

Polar Mode entry line

Using the entry line

To enter a function on the entry line:

1. Select the mode.

2. Type the function you want to graph in the space at the right of the = sign.

3. Press

You can enter and graph a maximum of 99 functions on the screen (f1(x)

- f99(x) ) in addition to any user-named functions such as g1(x). You can

review the functions entered on a page by pressing the Expand button. Use 9 and : to move up and down the list.

You can also graph functions by typing them into a text box.

f Select the Text tool ( ), and type the function you want to graph

f Drag the text box to the x-axis, and drop it on the axis to graph the

Regardless of how you enter functions, each function is labeled on the graph for identification.

· or e.

into the box displayed when you move the curson onto the page.

function.

Graphing inequalities

Function mode enables you to define a function that uses a symbol other than the equal sign. To change = to a different sign and graph the inequality:

1. Position the cursor to the right of the equal sign.

. to delete the equal sign.

Press

2. Type the desired sign or use the Symbol Palette to enter the appropriate inequality. The possible inequalities are: >, +, {, and |.

86 Using Graphs & Geometry

3. Type the rest of the inequality expression.

Press· to graph it.

The expression, as typed, displays next to the graph. Shading is always present on the graphs of inequalities to show the values that satisfy the inequality. If you graph two inequalities that overlap, the area of overlap is shaded darker than either of the individual inequality graphs.

Finding points of interest: zeroes, minima, maxima

When you create a graph, you can use the Point On tool ( ) (press

b62) to locate the zeros, minima, and maxima if these are

applicable for objects on the work area. (They may not display if their location on the graph not visible on your screen.) Both local and global points of interest display.

Note: Global points of interest display only when they are also local. For example, inverse sine reaches its (global) maximum at x=1, but the tooltip 'M' does not display there since it is not a local maximum.

To find them, just move the point along the object or graphed line, and when you are near a point of interest, the coordinates display along with one of the following identifiers:

• Zeroes: z ( Coordinates )

• Minimum: m ( Coordinates )

• Maximum: M ( Coordinates )

Using Graphs & Geometry 87

Animating objects

You can animate a point on a line, ray, axis, vector, graph, segment or circle. In addition, you can also animate points on multiple objects in the work area at one time.

Animating one point on an object

1. From the Points & Lines menu, select the tool ( ). Press b 6

Click on the object to identify the point you want to animate.

2. From the Actions menu, select the Attributes tool ( ).

b13.

Press

When the attribute bar displays, select the animation attribute ( ).

3. The default speed is 0. You can type a number from 1 - 9 to set speed or you can use < or > to select a speed from -12 to 12.

The higher the number you type, the faster the animation speed.

4. Select → for one-way animation or ↔

5. Animation begins automatically when you select the speed and direction.

88 Using Graphs & Geometry

for oscillating animation.

Press + and - to increase/decrease the speed of animation incrementally once it is set.

The animation control panel

Once a point is animated, a floating control panel displays on the page. You can move this panel by dragging it to a new location.

When animation is active, the panel contains a Reset and a Pause button. When either button is pressed, and animation is reset or paused,

the Pause button changes to a Start button. These controls are affect all animated points on a page.

Panel when animation is active

Panel with animation paused/reset

Resetting animation

Selecting the Reset button not only pauses animation but also returns the animated point to its initial coordinate position on the object when animation was first started. If multiple points are animated on the page, all are returned to their original locations when you select Reset.

Stopping animation

To stop the animation of an object:

1. Select the Pause or Reset button on the control bar.

2. Display the Animation attribute for the point.

3. Change the speed to 0 (zero).

4. Click an empty area of the screen to apply the change, or press

5. Select Start to resume animation if other animated points were temporarily stopped.

If no other animated points are on the page, the animation control box does not reappear when the velocity is set to 0.

Note: If you have multiple points in motion on one page and want to permanently stop the animation of all objects, when motion is paused or stopped, display the attributes bar for each point and change the velocity to 0.

·.

Using Graphs & Geometry 89

Creating a Scatter Plot

If you do not have an existing set of data points available for plotting, create them on the same page using the Lists & Spreadsheet application.

1. To create the data lists and scatter plot on the same page, select a page configuration with two work areas.

2. Create the data lists on the Lists & Spreadsheet portion of the page.

3. Select the Scatter Plot tool ( )

Press b 3 3.

4. Select the lists to plot from the drop down list for each axis.

5. When both entry fields have a data list specified, the scatter plot displays on the Graphs & Geometry work area.

90 Using Graphs & Geometry

More Information

More in-depth information, step-by-step instructions, and examples of all the Graphs & Geometry features are contained in the Graphs & Geometry chapter in Part 2 of the user guide, available on the CD that came with your handheld, or on the web site at http://education.ti.com/guides.

Using Graphs & Geometry 91

92 Using Graphs & Geometry

Texas instruments TI-NSPIRE Math and Science Learning Technology User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Important Information

FCC Statement

Introduction

The TI-Nspire™ math and science learning handheld

How to use this guidebook

Where to find more information

Getting Started

Dual Keypads

Changing the keypad

TI-Nspire™ handheld keys

Keyboard shortcuts

Initial startup

Replacing batteries

Battery Precautions

Additional precautions for rechargeable batteries

For proper disposal of used batteries

Adjusting the contrast

Turning the handheld on and off

Automatic Power Down

Turning on your TI-Nspire™ handheld for the first time

Choosing a language

Choosing a font size

The Home menu

Using the Home menu

The TI-Nspire™ handheld screen

Viewing status information

Viewing system settings

Document settings

Document settings Options

Changing document settings

System settings

Changing system settings

Handheld status

Checking available memory

Freeing Memory

Deleting items from memory

Using connection cables

USB cables

TI-84 Plus Mode cables

Backing up files to another handheld

Sending a document

Connecting a TI-Nspire™ with TI-84 Plus Keypad to a TI-84 Plus handheld

Connecting the TI-Nspire™ handheld to a computer

Upgrading the Operating System

Important Operating System download information

Where to get Operating System upgrades

Backing up files to a computer

Resetting the memory

Displaying the About screen

Viewing Hints

Using the catalog

Opening the catalog

Using Wizards

Entering special characters

Entering Math expressions

Entering international language characters

Working with Documents

Documents

Page Sorter

My Documents

Creating documents

Creating a blank document

Adding an application

Creating a document with an application

Working with applications

Application menu

Using the Application menu

Context menu

Using the Context menu

Page Tools menu

Using the Page Tools menu

Changing the page layout

Choosing a standard layout

Creating a custom layout

Repositioning applications on a page

Swapping applications