This guidebook applies to TI-Nspire™ software version 1.4. To obtain the
latest version of the documentation, go to education.ti.com/guides.
Page 2
Important Information
Except as otherwise expressly stated in the License that accompanies a
program, Texas Instruments makes no warranty, either express or
implied, including but not limited to any implied warranties of
merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, regarding any
programs or book materials and makes such materials available solely on
an "as-is" basis. In no event shall Texas Instruments be liable to anyone
for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection
with or arising out of the purchase or use of these materials, and the sole
and exclusive liability of Texas Instruments, regardless of the form of
action, shall not exceed the amount set forth in the license for the
program. Moreover, Texas Instruments shall not be liable for any claim of
any kind whatsoever against the use of these materials by any other
party.
Disposing of Batteries......................................................... 380
Index ....................................................................................381
xiii
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xiv
Page 15
Introduction
The TI-Nspire™ math and science learning
handheld
This guidebook provides information about a powerful, advanced
learning handheld available from Texas Instruments: the TI-Nspire™
handheld.
Your learning handheld comes equipped with a variety of pre-installed
software applications that have features relevant to many different
subjects and curriculums.
Extend the reach of your TI-Nspire™ handheld with accessories, such as
the TI-Nspire™ math and science learning software, TI-Nspire™
ViewScreen™ Panel, TI-Nspire™ Connections Cradle and TI-Nspire™
Computer Link Software.
How to use this guidebook
This guidebook is intended to supplement the printed guidebook that
accompanied your TI-Nspire™ handheld.
The chapters in this guidebook include:
Transferring Files- Provides instruction for connecting and transferring
data and files between two TI-Nspire™ handhelds.
Memory Management - Includes instruction for checking memory on
your handheld, and freeing memory if you need additional space.
Using the TI-Nspire™ Computer Link Software - Provides instruction
for transferring documents between handhelds, capturing images from
your handheld, backing up contents and updating the Operating System
(OS) on your TI-Nspire™ handheld.
Using Calculator - Provides detailed instruction for using the Calculator
application.
Using Graphs & Geometry - Provides detailed instruction for using the
Graphs & Geometry application.
Using Lists & Spreadsheet - Provides detailed instruction for using the
Lists & Spreadsheet application.
Using Data & Statistics - Provides detailed instruction for using the
Data & Statistics application.
Using Notes - Provides detailed instruction for using the Notes
application.
Introduction1
Page 16
Libraries - Provides detailed instruction for using TI-Nspire™ libraries of
variables, functions, and/or programs that have been defined as library
objects
Programming - Provides detailed instruction for using user-defined
functions and programs.
Data Collection - Provides detailed steps for collecting experimental
information from a sensor and automatically display it in a table and/or
graph for analysis.
Service and Warranty Information - Includes service and warranty
information and contact information for technical support.
Where to find more information
Additional product information is available in printed guidebook that
accompanied your TI-Nspire™ handheld. An electronic version of the
printed guidebook for using the TI-Nspire™ handheld is included on the
CD-ROM that came with your learning handheld. This guidebook is also
available online as a free download at education.ti.com/guides.
2Introduction
Page 17
Transferring Files
Connecting two handhelds
This chapter describes how to connect one TI-Nspire™ handheld to
another, and how to transfer files between them. The TI-Nspire™
handheld has a USB port which allows it to communicate with another
TI-Nspire™ handheld.
When the TI-Nspire™ handheld is using TI-Nspire™ TI-84 Plus keypad, it
can connect with another TI-Nspire™ handheld using the TI-Nspire™ TI84 Plus keypad or a TI-84 Plus using the USB port or the I/O port.
Using connection cables
Your TI-Nspire™ handheld comes with connection cables that allow you
to share files with both a computer and another handheld.
USB cables
You can use USB cables to connect two TI-Nspire handhelds, to connect a
TI-Nspire handheld to a computer, or to connect one TI-Nspire™
handheld using TI-Nspire™ TI-84 Plus keypad to another.
TI-Nspire™ USB connection
cable to connect handheld to a
computer using TI-Nspire
Computer Link software.
TI-Nspire™ handheld miniUSB cable to connect two
TI-Nspire handhelds
TI-84 Plus Mode cables
If you already have TI-84 Plus handhelds and use the I/O port for
connectivity, you can use the same cables to connect to a TI-Nspire
handheld using the 84 keypad.
Tra n sferr i ng Fi l es3
Page 18
USB connection cable to
connect handheld to a
computer using TI Connect
software.
TI-84 Plus I/O device-to-device
connection cable
Connecting two TI-Nspire™ handhelds with the USB unitto-unit cable
You can connect two handhelds this way as long as both handhelds are
using the same keypad. You cannot connect a handheld using the
TI-Nspire™ TI-84 Plus keypad to a handheld using the native TI-Nspire
keypad.
Note: Use the I/O cable to connect a handheld using the TI-Nspire™ TI-84
Plus keypad to a TI-84 Plus.
The TI-Nspire™ handheld USB A
port is located at the center of the
top of the TI-Nspire handheld.
1.Firmly insert either end of the
USB unit-to-unit cable into
the USB A port.
2.Insert the other end of the
cable into the receiving unit’s
USB A port.
4Transferring Files
Page 19
Connecting a TI-Nspire™ with TI-84 Plus Keypad to a TI-84
Plus handheld using the I/O unit-to-unit cable
The TI-Nspire™ TI-84 Plus keypad I/O
link port is located at the bottom edge
of the keypad. The TI-84 Plus I/O link
port is located at the top left edge of
the graphing calculator.
1.Firmly insert either end of the I/O
unit-to-unit cable into the port.
2.Insert the other end of the cable
into the other graphing calculator’s
I/O port.
Connecting the TI-Nspire™ handheld to a computer
1.Firmly insert the mini-USB end
of the cable into the port at the
top of your handheld.
2.Firmly insert the USB end of the cable into the USB port of
the computer.
Backing up files to a computer
Use the TI-Nspire™ Computer Link Software or the TI Connect software
to back up the contents of your handheld to a computer. TI-Nspire™
Computer Link Software and TI Connect software are available on the
product CD that came with your handheld.
Transferring documents
Rules for transferring files
•You can transfer documents and Operating System (OS) files.
•If a document with the same name as the one you are sending
already exists on the receiving TI-Nspire™ handheld, the document
will be renamed. The system appends a number to the name to make
it unique. For example, if Mydata existed on the receiving
TI-Nspire™ handheld, it would be renamed Mydata(2).
Tra n sferr i ng Fi l es5
Page 20
Both the sending and receiving units will display a message that
shows the new name.
•There is a 255-character maximum length for a file name, including
the entire path. If a transmitted file has the same name as an existing
file on the receiving unit and the file names contain 255 characters,
then the name of the transmitted file will be truncated to enable the
software to follow the renaming scheme described in the previous
bullet.
•All variables associated with the document being transmitted are
transfered with the document.
•Transmissions will time out after 30 seconds.
Sending a document
1.Open My Documents.
Press c7.
2.Press the 5 and 6 keys on the NavPad to highlight the document you
want to send.
3.Select Send from the My Documents menu.
Press /c15.
4.The file transfer begins. A progress bar displays to allow you to
follow the transfer. There is also a cancel button on the Sending...
dialog to enable you to cancel the transmission while it in progress.
At the end of a successful transmission, the message
"<Folder / File name> transferred as <Folder / File name>." displays.
If the file had to be renamed on the receiving unit, the message will
display the new file name.
Receiving a document
No action is required by the user of the receiving TI-Nspire™ handheld.
Units are automatically powered on when the cable is attached.
At the end of a successful transmission, the message "<Folder / File
name> received." displays. If the file had to be renamed, the message
will display the new file name.
Canceling a transfer
1.To cancel a transmission in-progress, press Cancel on the dialog of
the sending unit. The user of either unit can also press d.
2.A link transmission error message displays.
6Transferring Files
Page 21
3.Press d or · to cancel the transmission error message.
Common error and notification messages
Shown on:Message and Description
Sending unit
"Transfer failed. Check cable
and try again."
OK
This message displays if a cable is not attached to
the sending unit’s link port. Remove and then
reinsert the cable and try the document
transmission again.
Press d or · to cancel the transmission
message.
Note: The sending unit may not always display this
message. Instead, it may remain BUSY until you
cancel the transmission.
Sending unit
"Receiver does not have enough
storage space for file transfer."
OK
This message displays when the receiving unit does
not have enough memory to accept the file being
transmitted.
The user of the receiving unit must free space in
order to obtain the new file. To do this:
•Delete unneeded files.
•Store files on a computer for later retrieval,
then delete them from the TI-Nspire™
handheld.
Tra n sferr i ng Fi l es7
Page 22
Shown on:Message and Description
Sending unit
"<folder>/<filename>
transferred as
<folder>/<filename(#)."
This message displays at the end of a successful
transfer when the file had to be renamed because
a file already exists on the receiving unit with the
original name. The transmitted file is renamed by
appending a number to the end of the name.
Rename numbering always begins with (2) and can
increment by one, as needed.
Sending unit
"<folder>/<filename>
transferred as
<folder>/<new filename>."
This message displays when a new folder is created
on the receiving unit to contain the transmitted
document.
Receiving unit
"<folder>/<filename(x)>
received."
This message displays if the receiving unit has a
document with the same name as the document
being sent.
8Transferring Files
Page 23
Shown on:Message and Description
Receiving unit
Receiving unit
"<new folder>/<new filename>
received."
This message displays when a new folder has been
created to contain the transmitted document.
"Transfer failed. Check cable
and try again."
OK
This message displays if the cable is not correctly
attached to the receiving unit’s link port. Remove
the cable then reattach it and try the transmission
again.
Press d or · to cancel the transmission
message.
Tra n sferr i ng Fi l es9
Page 24
Upgrading the Operating System
You can upgrade the OS on your TI-Nspire™ handheld using your
computer and TI-Nspire™ Computer Link Software. You can also transfer
the OS from one unit to another.
Warning: Upgrading the operating system will delete all TI-84
applications and files. Before installing an OS upgrade, you should use TI
Connect to back up all TI-84 applications and files to a computer. You can
copy them back to the handheld when the OS upgrade is complete.
If there is not enough room on the receiving handheld for the upgrade,
the sending handheld is notified. The only time documents can be
affected by an OS installation is if the receiving handheld has a corrupted
OS. In this situation, documents may be affected by OS restoration. It is a
good practice to back up your important documents and folders before
installing an updated operating system.
See the important information concerning batteries before performing
an OS upgrade.
Important Operating System download information
It is always a good practice to install new batteries before beginning an
OS download.
When in OS download mode, the Automatic Power Down
feature does not function. If you leave your handheld in download mode
for an extended time before you begin the downloading process, your
batteries may become depleted. You will then need to replace the
batteries with new batteries before downloading.
TM
(APD)
Where to get Operating System upgrades
For up-to-date information about available OS upgrades, check the Texas
Instruments Web site at http://education.ti.com.
You can download an OS upgrade from the Texas Instruments Web site
to a computer, and use a USB computer cable to install the OS on your
TI-Nspire™ handheld.
For complete information, refer to the instructions in the chapter on
TI-Nspire™ Computer Link Software.
Transferring the Operating System
To transfer the OS from unit to unit:
1.Connect the two units. (For details, see the connection instructions at
the beginning of this chapter.) Any open documents on the receiving
unit should be closed before the transfer begins.
10Transferring Files
Page 25
2.On the sending unit, open My Documents.
Press c7.
3.From the menu, select Send OS.
Press b9.
4.On the receiving unit, the message, "You are receiving an OS
Upgrade. Unsaved changes will be lost. Would you like to continue?"
displays along with Yes and No response buttons. Select Yes to
receive the OS upgrade.
Notes:
•If Yes is not selected within 30 seconds, the unit automatically
responds with No, and the transmission is cancelled.
•It is important to save and close all open documents before
performing an OS Upgrade. Continuing with an OS Upgrade on
a unit with an open, unsaved document will cause the loss of
that data.
5.While the upgrade is in progress, the receiving unit displays,
"Receiving OS. Do not unplug cable." The sending unit displays,
"Sending OS. Do not unplug cable."
6.After the transfer completes, the sending unit receives a completion
message and can unhook the cable. On the receiving unit, the OS
must be installed. This happens automatically. During the installation
process, the receiving unit displays the message, "Installing OS
<version number>."
7.When the installation completes, the unit displays the following
message, "OS <version number> has been installed. Handheld will
now restart." The restart is initiated. If the sending unit is still
attached to the cable, the successful transmission message remains
displayed on that unit’s screen.
Important:
•For each receiving unit, remember to back up information, as
necessary, and install new batteries.
•Be sure the sending unit is on the Send OS
Tra n sferr i ng Fi l es11
screen.
Page 26
OS Upgrade Messages
This section lists the information and error messages that can be
displayed on units during an OS Upgrade.
Shown on:Message and Description
Sending unit
"Receiver does not have
enough storage space. Make
<xxxK> available."
This message displays when the receiving unit does
not have enough memory available for the new
OS. The space requirement is shown so you know
how much memory must be cleared for the new
operating system. Files can be moved to a
computer for storage to free the necessary space.
Sending unit
"Receiver must change
batteries before upgrading
the OS."
This message displays when the batteries in the
receiving unit need to be replaced. Send the OS
Upgrade once the batteries are replaced.
Sending unit
"Receiver has a newer OS
and cannot load this OS."
OK
This message displays when the receiving unit has
a newer OS version that the one being
transmitted. You cannot downgrade an OS.
12Transferring Files
Page 27
Shown on:Message and Description
Sending unit
"Upgrade not accepted by
receiver."
OK
This message displays when the receiving unit
refuses the upgrade.
Sending unit
"OS has been transferred.
You can now unplug."
OK
This message displays when the tranfer is
completed and it is safe for the sending unit to
unplug the cable.
Sending unit
"Sending OS. Do not
unplug cable."
This message, along with a progress bar, displays
while the OS Upgrade is being transferred.
Both units
"Transfer failed. Check cable
and try again."
OK
The sending and/or receiving unit is not properly
connected. Reinsert the cable into each handheld,
then try the transmission again.
Tra n sferr i ng Fi l es13
Page 28
Shown on:Message and Description
Receiving unit
"You are receiving an OS
Upgrade. Unsaved changes
will be lost. Would you like
to continue?"
Receiving unit
Receiving unit
Receiving unit
Yes
No
This message displays when an OS Upgrade is
about to begin. If you do not select Yes within 30
seconds, the system automatically responds with
No.
"Receiving OS. Do not
unplug cable."
This message, along with a progress bar, displays
while the OS Upgrade is being transferred.
"Installing OS."
This message displays once the transfer is
completed. It is shown to keep you informed of
the unit’s status.
"OS has been installed.
Handheld will restart."
OK
This information message displays briefly before
the unit automatically reboots.
14Transferring Files
Page 29
Shown on:Message and Description
Receiving unit
"Install was corrupted.
Handheld will reboot. You
will need to retry OS
upgrade."
OK
An error occurred during the transmission, and the
installation was corrupted. The unit will reboot.
After the reboot, reinstall the OS Upgrade.
Tra n sferr i ng Fi l es15
Page 30
16Transferring Files
Page 31
Memory and file management
Checking available memory
The Handheld Status screen shows the amount of memory (in bytes) used
by all documents and variables on your TI-Nspire™ handheld. The
Handheld Status screen displays the following information:
•Storage Capacity
•Space Used
•Free Space
•Battery Status
Displaying the Handheld Status screen
¢Select Handheld Status from the Home menu.
Press c83
The Handheld Status window displays.
Freeing memory
If you have insufficient memory to store documents on your handheld,
you must free memory to create the space you need. To free memory,
you must delete documents and/or folders from memory. If you wish to
keep the documents and folders for use later, you can back them up to
another handheld or to a computer.
Deleting items from memory
If you have documents stored on your TI-Nspire™ handheld that you no
longer need, you can delete them from memory to create additional
space.
Memory and file management17
Page 32
Before you delete documents from memory, consider restoring sufficient
available memory by copying files to another handheld.
1.Open My Documents.
Press c7.
2.Press £ or ¤ to select the folder or document you want to delete.
3.Select Delete.
Press /c26.
The folder/document is permanently removed from the handheld.
Backing up files to another handheld
To back up files to another TI-Nspire™ handheld, follow the steps below.
Complete instructions for connecting two handhelds are provided in the
Connectivity chapter.
1.Connect the two handhelds using the USB-to-USB Connectivity
Cable.
2.Open
3.Press the 5 and 6 keys to highlight the document you want to send.
4.Select Send from the Document menu.
My Documents on the sending unit.
Press c7.
Press /c15.
5.When the file transfer is complete, a message displays on the
receiving unit.
Backing up files to a computer
Use the TI-Nspire™ Computer Link software to back up the contents of
your handheld to a computer. TI-Nspire™ Computer Link software is
available on the product CD that came with your handheld.
Resetting the memory
The Reset button on the underside of the handheld resets all memory.
When resetting all memory on the TI-Nspire™ handheld, RAM and Flash
memory is restored to factory settings. All files will be deleted. All system
variables are reset to default settings.
Caution: Before you reset all memory, consider restoring sufficient
available memory by deleting only selected data.
To reset all memory on the handheld, follow these steps.
18Memory and file management
Page 33
1.Use a paper clip or ball point pen to press the reset button on the
underside of the handheld.
2.Hold for three seconds and release.
Handheld memory is cleared.
When you clear memory, the contrast sometimes changes. If the screen is
faded or blank, adjust the contrast by pressing /+or /-.
Memory and file management19
Page 34
20Memory and file management
Page 35
Using Calculator
Getting started with the Calculator application
The Calculator application gives you a place to enter and evaluate math
expressions. You can also use it to define variables, functions, and
programs. When you define or edit a variable, function, or program, it
becomes available to any TI-Nspire™ math and science learning
technology application—such as Graphs & Geometry—that resides in the
same problem.
You can also use Calculator to define library objects, such as variables,
functions, and programs, which are accessible from any problem of any
document. For information on creating library objects, see the
“Libraries” section of the documentation.
À
Á
Â
À Calculator menu – This menu is available anytime you are in the
Calculator work area. Press b to display the menu. The menu in
this screen snapshot may not exactly match the menu on your screen.
Á Calculator work area
–You enter a math expression on the entry line and then press
· to evaluate the expression.
–Expressions display in standard mathematical notation as you
enter them.
Using Calculator21
Page 36
–Entered expressions and results show in the Calculator history.
 Example of Calculator variables used in another application
The Calculator tool menu
The Calculator tool menu lets you enter and evaluate a variety of math
expressions.
Menu
Name
Actions
Number
Menu OptionFunction
DefineInserts the Define command.
Recall DefinitionLets you view, reuse, or modify
a function or program that you
have defined.
Delete VariableInserts the
Clear a-zDeletes all variables with
single-letter names.
Clear HistoryDeletes all expressions in the
Calculator history.
Insert CommentLets you insert text.
LibraryLets you refresh all libraries, set
LibPub or LibPriv access, insert a
“\” character, or create a library
shortcut.
Convert to Decimal
Inserts ¢Decimal command.
delVar command.
FactorInserts factor().
Least Common MultipleInserts lcm().
Greatest Common DivisorInserts gcd() function.
RemainderInserts remain().
Fraction ToolsLets you select propFrac(),
getNum(), getDenom().
22Using Calculator
Page 37
Menu
Name
Calculations
Probability
Menu OptionFunction
Number ToolsLets you select round(), iPart(),
fPart(), sign(), mod(), floor(),
or ceiling().
Complex Number ToolsLets you select conj(), real(),
imag(), angle(), ¢Polar, ¢Rect,
or the absolute value template.
Numerical SolveInserts nSolve().
Numerical Function
Inserts nfMin().
Minimum
Numerical Function
Inserts nfMax().
Maximum
Numerical DerivativeInserts nDeriv().
Numerical IntegralInserts nInt().
Finance SolverStarts the Finance Solver.
Factorial (!)Inserts !.
PermutationsInserts nPr().
CombinationsInserts nCr().
RandomLets you select rand(),
randInt(), randBin(),
randNorm(), randSamp(), or
RandSeed.
DistributionsLets you select from several
distributions, such as Normal
Pdf, Binomial Cdf, and
Inverse F.
Statistics
Using Calculator23
Page 38
Menu
Name
Menu OptionFunction
Stat CalculationsLets you select from several
statistics calculations, such as
one-variable analysis, twovariable analysis, and
regressions.
Stat ResultsInserts the stat.results variable.
List MathLets you select from several list
calculations, such as minimum,
maximum, and mean.
List OperationsLets you select from several list
operations, such as sorting,
filling, and converting to a
matrix.
DistributionsLets you select from several
distributions, such as
Pdf, Binomial Cdf, and
Inverse F.
Normal
Confidence IntervalsLets you select from several
confidence intervals, such as
tinterval and zinterval.
Stat Tests Lets you select from several
tests such as ANOVA, t test, z
test.
Matrix & Vector
TransposeInserts T.
DeterminantInserts det().
Row-Echelon FormInserts ref().
Reduced Row-Echelon
Inserts rref().
Form
SimultaneousInserts simult().
24Using Calculator
Page 39
Menu
Menu OptionFunction
Name
CreateLets you select from several
NormsLets you select
DimensionsLets you select dim(),
Row OperationsLets you select rowSwap(),
Element OperationsInserts “dot” operators such as
AdvancedInserts trace(), LU, QR, eigVl(),
VectorInserts unitV(), crossP(), dotP(),
Functions & Programs
Program EditorLets you view, open for editing,
matrix-creation options, such as
construct matrix, identity,
diagonal, submatrix, and
others.
norm(),
rowNorm(), or colNorm().
rowDim(), or colDim().
rowAdd(), mRow(), or
mRowAdd().
.+ (dot add) and .^ (dot power).
eigVc(), or charPoly(),
8Polar, 8Rect ,8Cylind, or
8Sphere.
import, or create a new
program or function.
Func...EndFuncInserts a template for creating a
function.
Prgm...EndPrgmInserts a template for creating a
program.
LocalInserts the
Local command.
ControlLets you select from a list of
function and program-control
templates, such as
If...Then...EndIf,
While...EndWhile,
Try... E lse. . .End Try, and others.
Using Calculator25
Page 40
Menu
Name
Menu OptionFunction
TransferInserts transfer commands
Return, Cycle, Exit, Lbl, Stop,
or Goto.
DispDisplays intermediate results.
ModeInserts commands for setting or
reading modes, such as display
digits, angle mode, base mode,
and others. Also lets you get
the current language
information.
Add New LineStarts a new line within a
function or program definition.
Before you begin
¢Turn on the handheld, and add a Calculator application to a
document.
Entering and evaluating math expressions
Options for entering expressions
Calculator lets you enter and edit expressions through several methods.
•By pressing keys on the handheld keypad.
•By selecting items from the Calculator menu.
•By selecting items from the Catalog (k).
Entering simple math expressions
Note: To enter a negative number on the handheld, press v. To enter a
negative number on a computer keyboard, press the hyphen key (-).
Suppose you want to evaluate
1.Select the entry line in the Calculator work area.
2.Type 2^8 to begin the expression.
26Using Calculator
Page 41
3.Press ¢ to return the cursor to the baseline, and then type:
r 43 p 12.
4.Press · to evaluate the expression.
The expression displays in standard mathematical notation, and the
result displays on the right side of the Calculator.
Note: If a result does not fit on the same line with the expression, it
displays on the next line.
Controlling the form of a result
You might expect to see a decimal result instead of 2752/3 in the
preceding example. A close decimal equivalent is 917.33333..., but that’s
only an approximation.
By default, Calculator retains the more precise form: 2752/3. Any result
that is not a whole number displays in a fractional form. This reduces
rounding errors that could be introduced by intermediate results in
chained calculations.
You can force a decimal approximation in a result:
/
•By pressing
Pressing
•By including a decimal in the expression (for example, 43. instead of
43).
•By wrapping the expression in the approx() function.
Using Calculator27
/
· instead of · to evaluate the expression.
· forces the approximate result.
Page 42
•By changing the document’s Auto or Approximate mode setting to
Approximate.
–Press /c1 to display the File menu, and then select
Document Settings.
Note that this method forces all results in all of the document’s
problems to approximate.
Inserting items from the Catalog
You can use the Catalog to insert system functions and commands,
symbols, and expression templates into the Calculator entry line.
1.Press k to open the Catalog.
Note: Some functions have a wizard that prompts you for each
argument. If you prefer to enter the argument values directly on the
entry line, you may need to disable the wizard.
2.Press the number key for the category of the item. For example,
press 1 to show the alphabetic list.
Contains all commands and functions, in alphabetical
order.
28Using Calculator
Page 43
Contains all math functions.
Provides a symbol palette for adding special characters.
Contains math templates for creating two dimensional
objects, including product, sum, square root and integral.
Shows Public library (LibPub) objects.
3.Press ¤ and then use ¡, ¢, £, or ¤ as necessary to select the item
that you want to insert.
Note: To see syntax examples of the selected item, press e, and
then press · to alternately show or hide the Help. To move back to
the selected item, press ge.
4.Press · to insert the item into the entry line.
Using an expression template
The Calculator has templates for entering matrices, piecewise functions,
derivatives, products, and other math expressions.
For example, suppose you want to evaluate
1.Press
2.Select to insert the algebraic sum template.
Using Calculator29
/r to open the Template palette.
The template appears on the entry line with small blocks
representing elements that you can enter. A cursor appears next to
one of the elements to show that you can type a value for that
element.
Page 44
3.Use the arrow keys to move the cursor to each element’s position,
and type a value or expression for each element.
4.Press · to evaluate the expression.
Creating matrices
1.Press /r to open the Template palette.
2.Select .
The Create a Matrix dialog box displays.
3.Type the Number of rows.
4.Type the Number of columns, and then select OK.
Calculator displays a template with spaces for the rows and columns.
Note: If you create a matrix with a large number of rows and
columns, it may take a few moments to appear.
5.Type the matrix values into the template, and press · to define the
matrix.
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Inserting a row or column into a matrix
¢To insert a new row, press @.
¢To insert a new column, hold down g and press ·.
Inserting expressions using a wizard
You can use a wizard to simplify entering some expressions. The wizard
contains labeled boxes to help you enter the arguments in the
expression.
For example, suppose you want to fit a y=mx+b linear regression model
to the following two lists:
{1,2,3,4,5}
{5,8,11,14,17}
1.Press
2.Press 1 to show the alphabetic list of functions.
3.Press ¤, and then press L to jump to the entries that begin with “L.”
4.Press ¤ as necessary to highlight LinRegMx.
5.If the Use Wizard option is not checked:
6.Press ·.
k to open the Catalog.
a)Press ee to highlight the Use Wizard button.
b) Press · to change the setting.
c)Press ee to highlight LinRegMx again.
A wizard opens, giving you a labeled box to type each argument.
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7.Type {1,2,3,4,5} as X List.
8.Press e to move to the Y List box.
9.Type {5,8,11,14,17} as Y List.
10. If you want to store the regression equation in a specific variable,
press e, and then replace Save RegEqn To with the name of the
variable.
11. Select OK to close the wizard and insert the expression into the entry
line.
Calculator inserts the expression and adds a statement to display the
variable stat.results, which will contain the results.
Calculator then displays the stat.results variables.
Note: You can copy values from the stat.results variables and paste
them into the entry line.
Creating a piecewise function
1.Begin the function definition. For example, type the following.
Define f(x,y)=
2.Press /r to open the Template palette.
3.Select .
The Piecewise Function dialog box displays.
32Using Calculator
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4.Type the Number of Function Pieces, and select OK.
Calculator displays a template with spaces for the pieces.
5.Type the expressions into the template, and press · to define the
function.
6.Enter an expression to evaluate or graph the function. For example,
enter the expression f(1,2) on the Calculator entry line.
Deferring evaluation
You don’t have to complete and evaluate an expression as soon as you
begin typing it. You can type part of an expression, leave to check some
work you did on another page, and then come back to complete the
expression later.
Working with variables
When you first store a value in a variable, you give the variable a name.
•If the variable does not already exist, Calculator creates it.
•If the variable already exists, Calculator updates it.
Variables within a problem are shared by TI-Nspire™ math and science
learning technology applications. For example, you can create a variable
in Calculator and then use or modify it in Graphs & Geometry or Lists &
Spreadsheet within the same problem.
Exception: Variables created with the
defined function or program are not accessible outside that function or
program.
Local command within a user-
Storing a value in a variable
This example creates a variable named num and stores the result of the
expression 5+8
1.On the Calculator entry line, type the expression 5+8^3.
Using Calculator33
3
in that variable.
Page 48
2.Press ¢ to expand the cursor to the baseline.
3.Press /h and then type the variable name num.
This means: Calculate 5+83 and store the result as a variable named
num.
4.Press ·.
Calculator creates the variable num and stores the result there.
Alternative methods for storing a variable
As alternatives to using & (store), you can use “:=” or the Define
command. All of the following statements are equivalent.
3
5+8
& num
num := 5+8
Define num=5+8
3
3
Checking a variable’s value
You can check the value of an existing variable by entering its name on
the Calculator entry line.
¢ On the Calculator entry line, type the variable name num and press
·.
The value most recently stored in num displays as the result.
Using a variable in a calculation
After storing a value in a variable, you can use the variable name in an
expression as a substitute for the stored value.
1.Type 4r25rnum^2 on the entry line, and press ·.
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Calculator substitutes 517, the value currently assigned to num, and
evaluates the expression.
2.Type 4r25rnonum^2 on the entry line, and press ·.
Because the variable nonum has not been defined, the expression
returns an error message.
Updating a variable
If you want to update a variable with the result of a calculation, you
must store the result explicitly.
EntryResultComment
a := 2
3
a
a
a := a
a
2
a
&a
3
2
8Result not stored in variable a.
2
8Variable a updated with result.
8
64Variable a updated with result.
a
64
Types of variables
You can store the following TI-Nspire™ math and science learning
technology data types as variables:
Data typeExamples
Expression2.54 1.25E6 2p 2+3i
List{2, 4, 6, 8}{1, 1, 2}
Matrix
123
This can be entered as: [1,2,3;3,6,9]
369
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Data typeExamples
Character string“Hello”“xmin/10”“The answer is:”
Functionmyfunc(arg)ellipse(x, y, r1, r2)
Entering multiple statements on the entry line
To enter several statements on a single line, separate them with a colon
(“:”). Only the result of the last expression is shown.
Rules for naming variables
Note: In the unlikely event that you create a variable with the same
name as one used for statistical analysis or by the Finance Solver, an error
condition could occur. If you begin entering a variable name that is
already in use in the current problem, the software shows the entry in
bold to let you know.
•Variable names must be in one of the forms xxx or xxx.yyy. The xxx
part can have 1 to 16 characters. The yyy part, if used, can have 1 to
15 characters. If you use the xxx.yyy form, both xxx and yyy are
required; you cannot start or end a variable name with a period “.”
•Characters can consist of letters, digits, and the underscore character
(_). Letters can be U.S. or Greek letters (but not Π or p), accented
letters, and international letters.
•Do not use c or n from the symbol palette to construct a variable
name such as c1 or n12. These may appear to be letters, but they are
treated internally as special symbols.
•You can use uppercase or lowercase letters. The names AB22, Ab22,
aB22, and ab22 all refer to the same variable.
•You cannot use a digit as the first character of xxx or yyy.
•Do not use spaces.
•If you want a variable to be treated as a complex number, use an
underscore as the last character of the name.
•You cannot use an underscore as the first character of the name.
•You cannot use a preassigned variable, function, or command name,
such as Ans, min, or tan.
Note: For a complete list of TI-Nspire™ functions, refer to the
Reference Guide.
36Using Calculator
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•Library documents and library objects are subject to additional
naming restrictions. For details, see the “Libraries” section of the
documentation.
Here are some examples:
Variable namesValid?
Myvar, my.varYes
My var, list 1No. Contains a space.
a, b, cYes
Log, AnsNo. Preassigned to a system function or variable.
Log1, list1.a, list1.bYes
3rdTotal, list1.1No. xxx or yyy starts with a digit.
Reusing the last answer
Each instance of Calculator automatically stores the last calculated result
as a variable named Ans. You can use Ans to create a chain of
calculations.
Note: Do not link to Ans or any system variable. Doing so could prevent
the variable from being updated by the system. System variables include
statistics results (such as Stat.RegEqn, Stat.dfError, and Stat.Resid) and
Finance Solver variables (such as tvm.n, tvm.pmt, and tvm.fv).
As an example of using Ans, calculate the area of a garden plot that is 1.7
meters by 4.2 meters. Then use the area to calculate the yield per square
meter if the plot produces a total of 147 tomatoes.
1.On the Calculator entry line, type
1.7 r 4.2, and press ·.
2.Type 147pans, and press · to find the yield.
As a second example, calculate and then add 2*log(45).
3.Type 3.76 p (v7.9+sqrt(5)), and press ·.
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4.Type ans+2rlog(45), and press ·.
Temporarily substituting a value for a variable
Use the “|” (such that) operator to assign a value to a variable for just a
single execution of the expression.
Creating user-defined functions and programs
You can use the Define command to create your own functions and
programs. You can create them in the Calculator application or in the
Program Editor and then use them in other TI-Nspire™ applications.
For information on programming with the Program Editor, see the
“Programming” and “Libraries” sections of the documentation.
Defining a single-line function
Suppose you want to define a function named cube() that calculates the
cube of a number or variable.
1.On the Calculator entry line, type
Define cube(x)=x^3 and press
·.
The message “Done” confirms that the function has been defined.
2.Type cube(2) and press · to test the function.
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Defining a multiple-line function using templates
You can define a function consisting of multiple statements entered on
separate lines. A multiple-line function may be easier to read than one
with multiple statements separated by colons.
Note: You can create multiple-line functions only by using the
command. You cannot use the := or & operators to create multiple-line
definitions. The Func...EndFunc template serves as a container for the
statements.
As an example, define a function named g(x,y) that compares two
arguments x and y. If argument x > argument y, the function should
return the value of x. Otherwise, it should return the value of y.
1.On the Calculator entry line, type Define g(x,y)=. Do not press ·
yet.
2.Press b to display the Calculator menu.
3.On the Functions & Programs menu, select Func...EndFunc.
Calculator inserts the template.
Define
4.Press b to display the Calculator menu.
5.On the Functions & Programs menu, select Control, and then select
If...Then...Else...EndIf.
Calculator inserts the template.
6.Type the remaining parts of the function, using the arrow keys to
move the cursor from line to line.
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7.Press · to complete the definition.
8.Evaluate g(3,-7) to test the function.
Defining a multiple-line function manually
Note: To start each new line without completing the function definition,
you press @ instead of pressing ·.
As an example, define a function cum_sum(x) that calculates the
cumulative sum of integers from 1 through x. You can type the
underscore symbol by pressing /_.
1.On the Calculator entry line, type Define cum_sum(x)=. Do not press
· yet.
2.Press b to display the Calculator menu.
3.On the Functions & Programs menu, select Func...EndFunc.
Calculator inserts the template.
4.Type the following lines, pressing @ at the end of each line.
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5.After typing Return tmpsum, press · to complete the definition.
6.Evaluate cum_sum(5) to test the function.
Defining a program
Defining a program is similar to defining a multiple-line function. The
Prgm...EndPrgm template serves as a container for the program
statements.
As an example, create a program named
arguments. Based on the comparison, the program should display the
text “x greater than y” or “x not greater than y” (showing the values of x
and y in the text).
1.On the Calculator entry line, type
g(x,y) that compares two
Define prog1(x,y)=. Do not press
· yet.
2.Press b to display the Calculator menu.
3.On the Functions & Programs menu, select Prgm...EndPrgm.
Calculator inserts the template.
4.Press b to display the Calculator menu.
5.On the Functions & Programs menu, select Control, and then select
If...Then...Else...EndIf.
Calculator inserts the template.
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6.Type the remaining parts of the function, using the arrow keys to
move the cursor from line to line. Use the Symbol Palette to type the
““ symbol.
7.Press · to complete the definition.
8.Execute prog1(3,-7) to test the program.
•Note: To stop a program or function manually, hold down the w
key for several seconds.
Recalling a function or program definition
You might want to reuse or modify a function or program that you have
defined.
1.Press
2.On the Actions menu, select Recall Definition.
3.Select the name from the list.
42Using Calculator
b to display the Calculator menu.
A dialog box appears with a list of defined functions and programs.
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The definition (for example, Define f(x)=1/x+3) is pasted into the
entry line for editing.
Editing Calculator expressions
Although you cannot edit an expression in the Calculator history, you can
copy all or part of an expression from the history and paste it to the entry
line. You can then edit the entry line.
Positioning the cursor in an expression
¢ Press e to cycle through the parameters of a template.
– or –
Press ¡, ¢, £, or ¤ to move the cursor through the expression. The
cursor moves to the closest valid position in the direction that you
press.
Note: An expression template may force the cursor to move through its
parameters, even though some parameters may not be exactly in the
path of the cursor movement. For example, moving upward from the
main argument of an integral always moves the cursor to the top limit.
Inserting into an expression in the entry line
1.Position the cursor at the point where you want to insert additional
elements.
2.Type the elements that you want to insert.
Note: When you insert an open parenthesis, Calculator adds a temporary
close parenthesis, displayed in gray. You can override the temporary
parenthesis by typing the same parenthesis manually or by entering
something past the temporary parenthesis (thereby implicitly validating
its position in the expression). After you override the temporary gray
parenthesis, it is replaced with a black parenthesis.
Selecting part of an expression
1.Press ¡, ¢, £, or ¤ to move the cursor to a starting point.
2.Press and hold g and press ¡, ¢, £, or ¤ to select.
Deleting all or part of an expression on the entry line
1.Select the part of the expression to delete.
2.Press ..
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Financial calculations
Several TI-Nspire™ functions provide financial calculations, such as time
value of money, amortization calculations, and return on investment
calculations.
The Calculator application also includes a Finance Solver. It lets you
dynamically solve several types of problems, such as loans and
investments.
Using the Finance Solver
1.Press b to display the Calculator menu.
2.On the Calculations menu, select Finance Solver.
The solver displays its default values (or previous values, if you have
already used the solver in the current problem).
3.Enter each known value, using e to cycle through the items.
–The help information at the bottom of the solver describes each
item.
–You might need to temporarily skip the value that you want to
calculate.
–Make sure to set PpY, CpY, and PmtAt to the correct settings (12,
12, and END in this example).
4.Press e as necessary to select the item that you want to calculate,
and then press ·.
The solver calculates the value and stores all the values in “tvm.”
variables, such as tvm.n and tvm.pmt. These variables are accessible to
all TI-Nspire™ applications within the same problem.
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Finance functions included
In addition to the Finance Solver, TI-Nspire™ built-in finance functions
include:
•TVM functions for calculating future value, present value, number of
payments, interest rate, and payment amount.
•Amortization information such as amortization tables, balance, sum
of interest payments, and sum of principal payments.
•Net present value, internal rate of return, and modified rate of
return.
•Conversions between nominal and effective interest rates, and
calculation of days between dates.
Notes:
• Finance functions do not automatically store their argument values or
results to the TVM variables.
• For a complete list of TI-Nspire™ functions, refer to the Reference
Guide.
Working with the Calculator history
As you enter and evaluate expressions in the Calculator application, each
entry/result pair is saved in the Calculator history. The history gives you a
way to review your calculations, repeat a set of calculations, and copy
expressions for reuse in other pages or documents.
Viewing the Calculator history
The history of the expressions you have entered accumulates above the
entry line, with the most recent expression at the bottom. If the history
does not fit in the Calculator work area, you can scroll through the
history.
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Note: You may notice a processing slowdown when the history contains
a large number of entries.
¢ Press £ or ¤.
À
Á
À
Â
À Scrollbar buttons
Á Scroll position indicator
 Current entry/total entries
Reusing a previous expression or result
You can copy an expression, subexpression, or result from the Calculator
history and paste it into the entry line or into other TI-Nspire™
applications.
1.Scroll to the item that you want to copy.
2.Select the item.
Note: The float setting for the current document may limit the
number of decimal places displayed in a result. To capture the result
in its full precision, select it either by scrolling with the up and down
arrow keys or by triple-clicking it.
3.Press /C to make the copy.
4.Select the location where you want the copy.
46Using Calculator
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5.Press /V to paste the copy.
Note: If you copy an expression that uses variables into a different
problem, the values of those variables are not copied. You must define
the variables in the problem where you paste the expression.
Deleting an expression from the history
When you delete an expression, all variables and functions defined in the
expression retain their current values.
1.Use the arrow keys to select the expression that you want to delete.
2.Press
..
The expression and its result are removed.
Clearing the Calculator history
When you clear the history, all variables and functions defined in the
history retain their current values. If you clear the history by mistake, use
the undo feature.
1.Press
2.On the Actions menu, select Clear History.
b to display the Calculator menu.
All expressions and results are removed from the history.
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48Using Calculator
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Using Graphs & Geometry
À
Getting started with Graphs & Geometry
The Graphs & Geometry application enables you to:
•Graph and explore functions.
•Create and explore geometric shapes.
•Animate points on objects or graphs and explore their behavior.
•Graph data collected by the Data Collection tool.
•Explore graphical and geometric transformations.
•Explore and investigate concepts of calculus.
•Link to data created by other applications and utilize it in Graphs &
Geometry.
ÁÂ
Ã
Ä
Å
À Problem/Page number counter
Á System Settings indicator
 Status indicator (with battery status indicator icon)
à Graphs & Geometry units indicator (sample display is centimeters)
Ä Sample Graphs & Geometry work area in Graphing View, with
Analytic Window and tooltip for triangle shown
Å Sample Graphs & Geometry entry line (line for function entry shown)
Getting acquainted with Graphs & Geometry
¢ Turn on the TI-Nspireé handheld, and add the Graphs & Geometry
application to your page.
Using Graphs & Geometry49
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When you add Graphs & Geometry to a page, your work area contains
the x and y axes for a graph, as well as a function entry line and Graphs &
Geometry-specific tools.
The basic components of the Graphs & Geometry application are the:
•Tool menu
•Work area (which contains the axes)
•Entry line.
The Tool menu
Press b to open the Actions menu. These menus and tools enable you
to graph and explore different types of functions, draw and explore
geometric structures, as well as other capabilities which will be covered
in this chapter.
The following tables contain a brief summary of what each menu
contains or tool enables you to do within the Graphs & Geometry work
area.
Note: The number that precedes each title is the numeric entry for
accessing the tool using the handheld keys or the virtual keypad on the
computer. For example, to draw a circle, you would press
Menu Option ListOverview of Tool Actions
1: ActionsProvides tools to access the pointer, hide or
show various graph features, add text,
delete all objects in the work area, access
the calculate tool, and access the attributes
for an object or function.
2: View Provides tools to manipulate the work area
features and display.
3: Graph TypeEnables you to select the type of graph to
plot in the work area: function, parametric,
polar, or scatter plot. The entry line below
the work area shows the notational
conventions to use to specify a function for
the selected graph type.
4: WindowProvides different Zoom settings as well as
the ability to define the x- and y-axis
minimums and maximums.
b 8 1.
50Using Graphs & Geometry
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Menu Option ListOverview of Tool Actions
5: Trace Creates and activates a trace on the graph.
Sets the trace increment and enables you to
create and remove geometric trace.
6: Points & Lines Provides tools for drawing various types of
points, lines, segments, rays, tangents,
vectors, and circle arcs.
7: MeasurementProvides tools for measuring angles, lengths,
areas, integrals, and slope.
8: ShapesProvides tools for drawing circles, triangles,
rectangles, and polygons.
9: ConstructionProvides tools to define perpendicular and
parallel lines, bisectors, midpoints, locus,
compass, and perform measurement
transfers.
A: TransformationProvides tools for symmetry, reflection,
translation, rotation, and dilation.
Action Menu Tools
Tool name Tool function
1: Pointer Selects, moves, and manipulates
objects.
2: SelectEnables you to select the objects in
part of the work area by placing a
dashed-line box around them.
3: Hide/Show Enables you to hide or display any
object, function, or feature on the
work area.
4: Attributes Enables you to change the attributes
of a selected object in the work area.
Attributes vary depending upon the
object selected.
5: Delete All Removes all objects and graphed
functions from the page.
Using Graphs & Geometry51
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Tool name Tool function
6: Text Places user-created alpha-numeric
values on the page. Numerical values
can be applied to objects. The tool
can be used to enter a function and
graph it.
7: Coordinates and
Equations
8: Calculate Opens the calculate tool to perform
9: Redefine Redefines a previously defined point
A: Insert SliderLets you easily modify the value of a
Displays the coordinates of a point or
the equation of a line or circle.
calculations using measurements,
numerical values, or calculation
results. This tool is different from the
Calculator application.
to a new location. For example, it can
define a point in free space to a
location on an object or from one
object to another object.
numeric variable.
View Menu Tools
Tool name Tool function
1: Graphing ViewPlaces the work area in graphing mode.
When you add Graphs & Geometry to a
page the Cartesian axes displays in the
work area with a function entry line
below.
2: Plane Geometry
View
3: Hide (Show)
Analytic Window
Places the work area in geometry mode.
Geometry scale displays, but no axes,
grid, or entry line displays until you
choose Show Analytic Window.
Opens a small graphing window on a
plane geometry work area. Places the
Graphs & Geometry work area in
modeling mode. This tool can be used
only after Plane Geometry is selected.
52Using Graphs & Geometry
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Tool name Tool function
4: Hide (Show) AxesHides the axes if they are currently
displayed on the page. Displays the axes
if none are displayed on the page.
5: Show (Hide) Grid Turns the grid on or off on the page.
Objects can be attached to the grid when
the grid is displayed.
6: Hide (Show) Entry
Line
7: Show (Hide) ScaleToggles between showing and hiding the
Show (Hide) Axes End
Value
8: Add Function Table Launches the Lists & Spreadsheet
Hides or displays the entry line on the
page.
scale legend on the work area. When the
scale is shown, the value and/or units can
be changed to desired values/units. This
applies only to geometric constructions.
Toggles between showing and hiding the
lowest value and highest value on the
horizontal and vertical axes.
function table. When launched from
Graphs & Geometry, it is pre-populated
with all functions defined in the problem
with the exception of hidden functions.
More information on using Function
Tables is available in the Lists &
Spreadsheet chapter of this document.
Graphing Type Menu Tools
Tool name Tool function
1: Function Displays the function mode entry line at
the bottom of the work area.
2: Parametric Displays the parametric mode entry line
at the bottom of the work area. This
display shows the t-min, t-max, and t-step
values. The defaults are 0-2p
max, and p/24 for t-step.
Using Graphs & Geometry53
for t-min, t-
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Tool name Tool function
3: PolarDisplays the Polar mode entry line at the
bottom of the work area. This display
shows the q-min, q-max, and q-step
values. The defaults are 0-2pfor q-min
and q-max, and p/24 for q-step.
4: Scatter Plot Displays the Scatter Plot mode entry line
at the bottom of the work area.
Window Menu Tools
Tool name Tool function
1: Window SettingsLets you specify the minimum and
maximum values for the x-axis and yaxis. You can also set the axis scaling
increment between tics.
2: Zoom - Box Enables you to define an area that
you want to enlarge.
3: Zoom - In Enables you to define the center
point of the zoom in location. The
Zoom In factor is approximately 2.
4: Zoom - Out Enables you to define the center
point of the zoom out location. The
Zoom Out factor is approximately 2.
min, and y-max to center the origin.
The x and y scale factors are equal.
This is the default axes setting when
Graphs & Geometry is first added to
a page.
min, and y-max to emphasize the
first quadrant. The x and y scale
factors are equal.
54Using Graphs & Geometry
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Tool name Tool function
7: Zoom - User If you have modified any window
settings (such as x-min), Zoom-User
saves the present settings. If you
have not modified any window
settings since last selecting ZoomUser, Zoom-User restores those
settings.
8: Zoom - Trig Automatically sets x-min and x-max
to integer multiples of p. The x and y
scale factors are equal.
9: Zoom - DataRedefines the axes so that all
statistical data points are displayed.
A: Zoom - Fit Recalculates y-min and y-max to
include the minimum and maximum
y values of all functions between the
current x-min and x-max. Hidden
functions are not included.
B: Zoom - SquareRecalculates y-min and y-max so that
the vertical scale is the same as the
horizontal scale.
Trace Menu Tools
Tool name Tool function
1: Graph Trace Activates a trace point on the graph,
enabling you to trace functions.
2: Trace SettingEnables you to set the increment
between points touched by Graph Trace
automatically, or by specifying a
numeric trace step value.
3: Geometry Trace Enables you to view the pathway of a
geometric or analytic object (such as a
function graph) on the work area. The
pathway has a delayed fade. As more
movement occurs on the work area,
older portions of the pathway fade. If
you temporarily halt movement, a
portion of the trace path remains
displayed.
Using Graphs & Geometry55
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Tool name Tool function
4: Erase Geometry TraceHalts geometric trace and erases all
persistent pathways on the work area.
Points and Lines Menu Tools
Tool name Tool function
1: Point Constructs a point defined in free space,
on an object, or at the intersection of
two objects.
2: Point On Constructs a point defined on an object.
When the object is a function graph, the
coordinates are displayed.
3: Intersection Point(s)Constructs a point at each intersection of
two selected objects.
4: Line Constructs an infinite line defined by
two points or by a point and a direction.
If you press
you limit its orientation, relative to the
x-axis or the horizontal aspect of the
screen, by 15- increments.
5: Segment Constructs a segment, defined by two
end points, which may be created or
defined in free space or on a defined
object.
g while creating the line,
6: Ray Constructs a ray, defined by two points
or by a point and a direction, extending
infinitely. If you press g while creating
the ray, you limit its orientation, relative
to the x-axis or the horizontal aspect of
the screen, by 15- increments.
7: Tangent Creates a tangent line.
8: Vector Constructs a vector with magnitude and
direction defined by two points.
9: Circle arcCreates an arc based on three points.
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Measurement Menu Tools
Tool name Tool function
1: Length Displays the distance between two
selected points or the length of a
segment, perimeter, circumference, or
radius.
2: Area Displays the area of a selected polygon
or circle.
3: Slope Displays the slope of a selected line or
segment. A vertical slope is represented
by %.
4: Angle Displays the measure of an angle or an
angle defined by three selected points.
5: Integral Calculates and displays the numerical
value of the integral of a selected
function, and shades the area between
the curve and the x-axis from point a to
point b.
Shapes Menu Tools
Tool name Tool function
1: Circle Constructs a circle. The center point is
defined by the first click on the page and
the radius is determined by the second
click.
2: Triangle Constructs a triangle, defined by three
points (vertices), which may be created or
defined in free space or on a defined
object.
3: Rectangle Constructs a rectangle.
4: Polygon Constructs an n-sided polygon. Each click
defines a vertex, and the polygon is
completed by clicking the initial vertex or
by pressing
5: Regular PolygonConstructs an n-sided regular polygon.
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Construction Menu Tools
Tool name Tool function
1: Perpendicular Constructs a line perpendicular to a
selected line, segment, ray, vector, axis,
or side of a polygon, and passing
through a created or selected point.
2: Parallel Constructs a line parallel to a selected
line, segment, ray, vector, axis, or side
of a polygon, and passing through a
created or selected point.
3: Perpendicular Bisector Constructs a perpendicular line that
bisects two points, a segment, or side
of a polygon.
4: Angle Bisector Constructs a line that bisects an angle
identified by three selected points
where the second point is the vertex.
5: Midpoint Constructs a midpoint of two selected
points, a segment, or side of a
polygon.
6: Locus Constructs the locus of a point or
object defined by the movement of a
driver point along a pathway.
Pathways are geometric shapes and
function graphs.
7: Compass Constructs a circle from a center point
with a radius defined by a selected
segment or the distance between two
points.
8: Measurement transfer Transfers an entered or measured
value to a selected object, axis, or
function graph. If the original value
changes, the change is also reflected in
the transferred measurement.
Transformation Menu Tools
Tool name Tool function
1: Symmetry Creates the image of an object rotated
- around a point.
180
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Tool name Tool function
2: Reflection Creates the image of an object reflected
across a line, segment, ray, vector, axis, or
side of a polygon.
3: Translation Creates the image of an object translated
by a specified vector.
4: Rotation Creates the image of an object rotated
around a point by a specified angular
value.
5: Dilation Creates the image of an object dilated
from a point by a specified factor.
Note: When you select a tool to use, that tool’s icon displays in the upper
left corner of the Graphs & Geometry page. It is there to remind you
which tool is currently active.
Using the context menu
The context menu provides the tools most commonly used with the
selected object, function, or axes.
To display the context menu for an object:
¢ Move the cursor to the object and then press /b.
The first two options on the context menu are:
•Recent: lists the 9 most recent tools you used. This is a session-level
listing. The tools used on any Graphs & Geometry page are shown,
regardless of the document in which they are used.
•Attributes: enables you to access the attributes appropriate for a
selected function, object, or work area.
Additional options that are appropriate for your selection also display on
the menu. For example, the context menu for a triangle also contains the
Hide/Show, Delete, Length, and Area options.
The following examples show the context menu for a function and a
circle.
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Context menu for a function (analytic
object)
Context menu for a geometric object
The work area
There are two work area views available:
•Graphing View
•Plane Geometry View
The Graphing view
The Graphing view is the default Graphs & Geometry work area display. It
contains:
•the default Cartesian axes in the Zoom Standard format (1:1
scale).
•the entry line from which you can graph up to 100 functions.
Axes, entry line, and grid can all be displayed or hidden, but in this view,
no scale for any drawn shapes (e.g. Circle, etc.) can be displayed. All
objects created in this view are analytic objects. Therefore, their
displayed size and proportion are affected only by the scale of the axis
system (the command "Show Scale" has no effect).
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The Plane Geometry view
The plane geometry view removes the axes and entry line from the work
area to enable you to draw geometric shapes and explore them. In this
view, you can display and set a scale for your drawings.
To change to Plane Geometry view:
1.From the View menu, select Plane GeometryView.
Press b22.
2.The display refreshes to clear the axes and entry line and display a
default scale. Any graphs or drawings created in graphing view are
not displayed on the plane geometry area.
To return to Graphing view:
¢ From the
Press b21.
The display refreshes to show the axes and entry line.
Note: Any geometric constructions created while in the plane
geometry view are retained and displayed along with any previouslycreated graphs.
View Menu, select Graphing View.
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The analytic window
The analytic (graphing) window is available in the Plane Geometry view.
It adds an analytic (graphing) window on top of a portion of the plane
geometry work area. This provides a combination work area that enables
you to use both work area types without toggling the view between
them.
To open the analytic window:
1.Ensure that the work area is in Plane Geometry view.
2.From the View menu, select Show Analytic Window .
Press b23.
3.A reduced size graphing window opens on the lower left corner of
the plane geometry space.
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Graphing
area
Modeling view - shows the previous two views
and the work done on both.
Plane
Geometry
area
You can alter the work area, without changing the view, to temporarily:
•Hide the axes. Any graphs or objects remain displayed on the
work area.
•Show or hide axis end values and show or hide a grid in the
graphing window.
•Hide the entry line.
•Hide the scale.
•Resize the axes using the zoom tools or by dragging tic marks.
To display more of the plane geometry work area, pan the screen.
To remove the analytic window from the work area
1.From the View menu, select Hide Analytic Window .
Press b23.
Object behavior in different views
When you create an object in the graph area, it is called an analytic
object, and all points of the object reside on the graph plane. When you
change the axes scale, you automatically affect the appearance of the
object. If you calculate a value associated with the object such as the
area, only generic units are assigned (u for unit). These objects remain
associated with the coordinate plane until you delete them or redefine
them to the plane geometry area. When working with a modeling view
work area, you cannot move an analytic object onto the plane geometry
area.
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When you create an object in the plane geometry area, it is a geometric
object. These objects can have an assigned scale, such as miles or
centimeters, instead of u for units. You can lock a point, such as one
vertex of a triangle, on the work area, but since the object is not tied to a
coordinate plane, you cannot display coordinates for that vertex. When
working with a modeling mode work area (Plane Geometry view with
analytic window), you can move a geometric object into the graphing
work area. The object remains a geometric object, and is not associated
with the axes.
The examples below show a modeling work area and the two types of
objects: A is an analytic object while B is a geometric object.
While the two circles appear identical, they do not behave in the same
way. Analytic objects are impacted when the graph area is altered. In the
next example, the axes were altered. Notice that only Circle A’s
appearance is affected by the change.
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If you construct an object while the axis is hidden, the object created will
be a geometric object. However, if you construct an analytic object and
later hide the axis, the object remains an analytical one.
Triangle as it
appears in
Graphing
view. The
unlabeled
vertex remains
a geometric
point.
Units of MeasureGeneric (displayed as u)User-defined (per scale)
Area Graph TypeCartesian (default) or
Polar
Uses•Define and graph
functions to:
–Graph
functions of
the form f (x)
–Create scatter
plots
–Graph polar
equations
–Graph
parametric
functions
•Construct analytic
objects
•Label equations
•Identify
coordinates for
discrete points
BehaviorAnalytic constructions
must remain in the
analytic area.
Euclidian
•Construct Euclidean
objects
•Create
transformations
•Determine
measurements (for
example, length,
angle, or area)
Geometric constructions
can be moved into the
analytic area but remain
geometric in nature.
Creating and manipulating axes
When you add the Graphs & Geometry application to a page, Cartesian
axes displays by default.
You can change the appearance of your axes in the following ways:
1.Adjust the length of the axes:
•When using Plane Geometry view with Show Analytic Window,
–Select an axis and retype the domain or range labels.
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–Select an axis and drag to increase or decrease the numbers
on the scale and tic mark spacing.
The aspect ratio of the axes is retained. To modify the scale of
only one axis, press g as you adjust the value or drag the line.
Default range and
domain
Extended domain
2.Use the Zoom tool options to adjust the view.
3.Adjust the end style of the axes using the Attributes tool. Display the
Attributes tool by:
•selecting it from the menu or
•pressing / and clicking an axis between two tick marks.
Press the left and right arrow keys to display the desired end style.
The attributes list for the axes also enables you to select a Zoom tool.
4.Adjust the axes scale and tic mark spacing manually.
a) Click and hold one tic mark, and move it on the axis. The
spacing and number of tic marks increases (or decreases) on
both axes.
b) To adjust the scale and tic mark spacing on a single axis,
press and hold
g, and then grab and drag a tic mark on
that axis.
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5.Change axis end values by double-clicking them and typing new
values.
6.Adjust the location of the axes. To move the existing axes without
resizing or rescaling them, click in and drag an empty region of the
screen until the axes are in the desired location.
7.Use the Window Setting tool to define the x-max, x-min, y-max,
y-min, x-scale and y-scale values for the axes. When selected, this tool
opens a dialog that enables you to enter the values desired. The
current values are initially displayed. Type over them to enter new
values.
Window Settings dialog with initial values displayed
Note: The axis values set on the Window Settings dialog can be stored as
variables that can be accessed outside of Graphs & Geometry. Select the
axis label at the value to be linked, and then click var to link to the value.
You can use tools on the View menu to hide and redisplay the axes, the
scale, and axis end values.
¢ From the View menu, select Hide/Show Axes .
Press b24.
•If the axes are shown on the page, selecting this tool hides them.
•If the axes are hidden on the page, selecting this tool redisplays
them.
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Moving about the work area
Graphs of functions may extend beyond the visible portion of your
screen. This does not mean they are truncated. You can view them by
panning the screen. To pan the screen:
1.Click and hold the mouse button in an open area of the page.
2.Move to display different portions of the screen.
Turning the grid on or off
Graphs & Geometry can display a grid in addition to the axes for a
function. You control the sizing of the grid as well as whether or not it is
visible.
To display the grid:
¢ From the
Pressb 2 5.
View menu, select Show Grid .
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You resize the grid by rescaling the axes.
To turn the grid off:
¢ From the View menu, select the Hide Grid .
Press b25.
When the tool is selected, the page updates to remove the grid.
In addition, you can attach a function, graph, or object to the grid while
the grid is displayed.
Attaching an object to the grid
1.Display the grid on the page if it is not already present.
2.Draw an object on the grid. Positioning the object so that points
coincide with grid marks attaches the object to the grid.
For example, if you draw a triangle, then one or more of the vertices
must coincide with grid marks.
Note: You do not have to attach an object or graph to the grid. When
you attach an object to the grid, its subsequent relocation is constrained
to other grid points. Analytic objects are affected by axes changes
regardless of whether or not they are attached to the grid.
To unattach an object from the grid, select and redefine it so that points
do not coincide with grid marks. If you hide the grid, objects attached to
it remain displayed on the page and remain attached to the grid even
though it is no longer visible.
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The Zoom feature
For screens with many function graphs, it can be difficult to view
intersections and other areas of interest. To temporarily change your
view of the screen, use the Zoom feature.
To use Zoom:
1.Open the Window menu.
Press b4.
2.Click the Zoom tool you want to use.
In the following examples, all options except Zoom-Fit started with
the graph of x
The options are:
•Zoom - Box
Press b42.
2
. Zoom-Fit shows a graph of a sine function.
•Zoom - In
Press b43.
•Zoom - Out
Press b44.
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•Zoom - Standard
Press b45.
•Zoom - Quadrant 1
Press b46.
•Zoom - User (appears the same as Zoom - Standard if no new
configuration is saved)
Press b47.
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•Zoom - Trig
Press b48.
•Zoom - Data
Press b49.
•Zoom - Fit
Press b4A.
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•Zoom - Square
Press b4B.
Circles before Zoom - Square
3.The graph displays in the selected zoom view.
If you select Zoom Box, you must click the first and third corners of
the box.
If you select either Zoom In or Zoom Out, you must click the center
point before the graph is redrawn.
4.To return the graph to its initial state, either select Undo or select
Zoom - Standard from the Zoom menu.
Circles after Zoom - Square
The entry line
The Entry line appears at the bottom of the Graphs & Geometry work
area. When the line is not active, it is grayed out.
ÀÁ ÂÃÄ
From left to right, the parts of this line are:
À Hide/Show button.
Á Attributes button.
74Using Graphs & Geometry
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 f1(x)= is the default notation for a function or inequality.
à Blank area into which you enter the function, polar equation,
inequality, parametric, or scatter plot data to be graphed.
Ä Expand/Contract (History) button.
Parametric Mode entry line
Scatter Plot Mode entry line
Polar Mode entry line
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Additional Graphs & Geometry features
Keystroke shortcuts
There are keystroke shortcuts that can simplify your work with Graphs &
Geometry. These are:
Keystrokes:Task accomplished:
.
g
+ (+) - (-)
< >When a number is under the pointer, the < and >
Using the tab and arrow keys
While the pointer allows you to access the many features and tools
contained in Graphs & Geometry, you can also use the e and arrow
keys to access these features. Using these keys is easier or more
convenient than using the pointer.
Removes a selected object from the work area.
When used with the Line or Circle tool, constrains
Circle and some linear objects (Line and Ray) to
discrete intervals (for example, Circle to integer
radius values and linear objects to multiples of 15
degrees).
When a number is under the pointer, the + and keys enable you to change the number of
displayed digits.
keys decrease or increase a value.
The e key:
•First tab stop: places the cursor to the right of the equal sign on the
function entry line. This allows you to create a new expression.
•Second tab stop: highlights the Expand/Collapse entry line History
button.
•Third tab stop: highlights the Hide/Show button on the entry line.
•Fourth tab stop: highlights the Attributes button on the entry line.
•Fifth tab stop: focuses on the Pause/Start button of the animation
control bar, if present. If the Data Collection control bar is displayed,
focuses on the Start/Stop button.
•Sixth tab stop: focuses on the graphing portion of the page and
commits any editing changes. The pointer is active on the page.
Note: Press ge to move through the steps in reverse order. If
slider controls are included on the work area, the fifth tab stop
76Using Graphs & Geometry
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moves to the slider control. Press Esc to jump to a graph on the work
area at any time.
The arrow keys:
•Up and Down - moves up and down among functions in the function
history list. Moves up and down any tool menu list as well as the
attributes list. When using the Trace tool, enables you to move to
and trace a different graph when more than one graph is on the
page.
•Left and Right - moves along the entry line, one space or one button
at a time. When using the Trace tool, moves the trace cursor along
the graph, either left or right. When viewing an attribute list, steps
through the options for one attribute.
Using Sliders
Sliders let you easily change the value of a numeric value in the Graphs &
Geometry and Data & Statistics applications. Inserting a slider lets you
represent multiple variable values in a continuous range. In the following
example, the slider represents the numeric variable, b in the graphed
function.
¢ To insert a slider, select Insert Slider on the Actions menu. The
slider displays on the work area.
À
Á
Â
À Variable statement that includes the name of a numeric variable in
an entry field, the assignment operator":=", and the value set for
the numeric variable in a second entry field
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Á Slider that you can move to values on the scale when the control is
active
 Track with labels for the minimum and maximum values on the scale
and scale tic marks between the end values
Basic slider operation
To change the default variable name (v1), click the text box on the left,
highlight the default name, and type the name of the variable that you
want the slider to represent. You can move the slider to set the variable
to a value, or type a number in the text box after the equal sign. Press Esc
or click another part of the work area to unselect a slider.
You can use a slider in the following ways:
•Grab the slider and drag it to set the variable to any value within its
range.
•Click a point near the slider track to grab the entire control for
operations such as copying, moving, and deleting.
•Drag the track ends to change the length of the slider scale.
•Click the text box for the slider variable name and type the name of
the numeric variable to use. You can use an existing numeric variable
or use the slider to create a new one.
Context menu and slider settings
To change the settings for a slider, access the slider context menu:
Select Settings to display the Slider Settings dialog:
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Specify the values to use for the slider:
VariableSets the name of the numeric variable used with the slider.
Type the value in the field or click the drop-down arrow to
select a value from the list.
Initial valueSets the starting value of the variable.
MinimumSets the lowest value in the range of values used with the
slider. This value displays at the left end of the scale.
MaximumSets the highest value in the range of values used with the
slider. This value displays at the right end of the scale.
Step SizeSets the size of the increment between values. When a
slider is active, you can use the arrow keys to move the
slider up or down the scale by this amount.
StyleLets you choose how the slider is displayed in the work
area. Choose horizontal for a left-to-right scale, or choose
vertical for a top-to-bottom scale. To display a slider that
includes the variable name, current value, and direction
arrows only, choose minimized.
ResultLets you choose the format for the displayed value of a
slider. Choose Auto to let slider operate in the default
format, or choose from eight floating point formats.
Show
variable
Shows or hides the variable.
Show scaleShows or hides the scale on the slider track.
Animating a slider
From the slider context menu, click Animate to step through the
variable range automatically. To stop the animation, click StopAnimate.
Minimizing a slider
From the slider context menu, click Minimize to show a smaller display
that includes the variable name, the current value of the variable, and up
and down arrows.
Minimized
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Opening and exporting files
You can open Cabri II Plus™ Figures (.fig) files in Graphs and Geometry
and open TI-Nspire™ .tns files in Cabri II Plus™ software. Cabri II Plus™
files that you open in Graphs & Geometry convert to a Graphs &
Geometry page with converted figures and a Notes page with conversion
messages. Each Graphs & Geometry page converts to a separate Cabri II
Plus™ file when you open a .tns document in Cabri II Plus™ software.
Note: On a Macintosh computer, you cannot open a Cabri II Plus™ .fig
file or a Learning Check .edc file. You also cannot export a TI-Nspire .tns
document as a .fig file.
Opening a Cabri II Plus™ file
To open a Cabri II Plus™ figures (.fig) file in Graphs & Geometry:
1.Select Open Document on the File menu.
2.On the Open TI Nspire Document dialog, click Files of Type and
choose Cabri Plus II Figures (*.fig).
3.Click the .fig file that you want to open in Graphs & Geometry and
click Open.
Converted Cabri II Plus™ figures display on a Graphs and Geometry
page and conversion messages display on a Notes page. The file is
saved as a .tns document.
Exporting a Cabri II Plus™ file
To export Graphs & Geometry pages of a TI-Nspire™ .tns document to
Cabri II Plus™ software:
1.Open the .tns file that contains the Graphs & Geometry pages to
export.
2.Choose Export on the File menu.
3.On the Export to Cabri dialog, click OK to save the .fig files in the
current folder.
Each Graphs & Geometry application in the document will be
converted to a separate Cabri II Plus™ file within that folder.
Attribute settings
The following table lists the attributes available when working with
objects. The list of available attributes depends upon the object you
select. To view attributes, select the Attributes tool .
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When the tool is selected, move the cursor to the work area and select
the object or function whose attributes you want to change. The column
of attributes available displays on the work area near the object or
function.
Point, Point On,
Intersection Point,
Length, Perimeter, Area,
Angle
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NameIcon(s)OptionsAvailable for use on
Point Style
Small dot, Large
dot, Hollow circle,
Point, Point On,
Intersection Point
Solid square,
Hollow square, x,
+
Activation
Graph
Appearance
Axes Style
Axes
Settings
Axes End
Style
Axes Tic
Labels
Axes End
Values
Line
Equation
Typ e
Point Activated,
Point Deactivated
Continuous,
Discrete, Number
of Points, Step
Size
Grid, No GridAxes
Axes user settings,
Axes Quadrant 1
settings, Axes Trig
settings, Axes Stat
settings, Axes
standard settings
No Arrow, Positive
Arrows, All
Arrows
Tic labels are
shown, Tic labels
are hidden
End Values are
shown, End Values
are hidden
Cartesian (y=_),
Canonical (_=0)
Points
Graphed Functions,
Polar Equations,
Parametric Curves
Axes
Axes
Axes
Axes
Line, Tangent, Segment,
Ray, Vector
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NameIcon(s)OptionsAvailable for use on
Equation
Typ e
Canonical (...=0),
Cartesian (...=r
Circle
2
)
Plot Points
Labels
Discrete Points,
Connected Points
y=, f( ), f( )=,
y=f( ), f,
Parametrics, Scatter
Plots, Polar equations
Graphed Functions
Changing the thickness and style of a line/outline
You can control the thickness and appearance of the lines and outlines of
shapes that you create on the screen. To adjust the thickness of the lines:
1.From the Actions menu, select the Attributes .
Press b13.
2.Select the object whose line you want to change.
Use 9 and : to move through the list of attributes.
3.Highlight the thickness option, and use 7 or 8 to move through the
thickness options.
As you move through the options, the thickness immediately
changes on the screen.
4.When the desired thickness displays on the screen, press · or click
to confirm the change.
The Attributes bar disappears.
Use the same method to change the style of the line, selecting the style
attribute, instead of the thickness attribute.
Locking measured values and points
Graphs & Geometry allows you to lock one or many values or points. To
do this:
1.From the Actions menu, select Attributes .
Press b13 .
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2.Select the value or point that you want to lock.
3.Use 9 and : to locate the Lock attribute.
4.Use 7 or 8 to select Lock.
5.Click or press · to lock the value or point.
A lock icon appears near the locked value or point.
An example of when locking measured values is useful is the problem of
maximizing an area contained within a fixed perimeter. In this case, a
rectangle is created with the correct perimeter, and both the perimeter
and area values are displayed. The perimeter value is locked. As you alter
the sides of the rectangle, the perimeter remains unchanged but the area
changes. When the optimum area displays, you can measure the sides to
obtain the necessary dimensions.
Initial rectangle with
locked perimeter
Optimized area with same
initial perimeter
Working with functions
The entry line under the work area lets you specify functions in the
format supported for each graph type in Graphs & Geometry.
Using the entry line
The entry line displays at the bottom of the page. The entry line displays
the form to use to type the function that corresponds to the selected
graph type. To type details for a function on the entry line:
1.Select the graph type to set the graphing mode. You can specify
multiple functions for each graph type. The default graph type is
Function, so the form f1(x)= displays.
2.Type the data for the type of function you want to graph using the
function formatting that displays on the entry line:
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–To graph a function, select Function on the Graph Type menu.
The work area and entry line change to function mode. Enter an
expression for the function after the equal sign.
Press b31.
–To graph a parametric equation, select Parametric. The work
area and entry line change to parametric mode. Type
expressions for xn(t) and yn(t). Specifying alternate values for
the default t-min, t-max, and t-step displayed is optional.
Press b32.
–To graph a polar equation, select Polar. The work area and entry
line change to polar mode. Type an expression for rn(q).
Specifying alternate values for the default q-minimum and q-
maximum, and q-step displayed is optional.
Press b33.
–To graph a scatter plot, select Scatter Plot. The work area and
entry line change to scatter plot mode. Click the arrows that
display to choose x and y for sn.
Press b34.
3.Press · or e.
After your selection is graphed, the entry line changes to enable you to
specify another graph of the same type. For example, after you graph
f1(x), the entry line changes to f2(x)= to enable you to enter another
function. If you select or trace a function, that function displays on the
entry line.
As you graph multiple functions on one set of axes, Graphs & Geometry
labels each with its function. You can define and graph a maximum of 99
functions of each type. For example, you use function mode to specify
functions (f1(x) - f99(x) ). You can also rename multiple functions that use
custom names, for example, g1(x).
Note: If you draw a geometric figure, the entry line may disappear from
the page. Press
/G to select the Show Entry Line tool .
Using the entry line expand button
Click the entry line to display a line-by-line history list of the functions
entered on the screen. The list displays functions in the order of entry
(top to bottom), with the most recent entry closest to the entry line. Use
9 and : to move up and down the list.
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Use the function history to edit, change the attributes of, delete, or hide
(or redisplay) a specific function or graph.
Graphing a family of functions
A family of functions differ by one or more parameters and can be
specified with a single expression. To graph a family of functions:
1.Type an expression for a family of functions on the entry line. To
specify a family of functions:
•Specify the parameters as one expression for multiple functions
using the format f1(x)={-1,0,1,2}*x+{2,4,6,8} or f1(x)=m*x|
m={1,2,3}.
•Enclose the lists of numbers or lists of variables in curly brackets.
For example, four functions are denoted with the expression:
f1(x)={-1,0,1,2}*x+{2,4,6,8}. The first function to be evaluated is y= -1
* x + 2 and the second is 0*x + 4.
86Using Graphs & Geometry
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