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PTH03000W —3.3-V Input
6-A, 3.3-V Input Non-Isolated
Wide-Output Adjust Power Module
NOMINAL SIZE = 0.75 in x 0.5 in
(19,05 mm x 12,7 mm)
Description
The PTH03000 series of non-isolated
power modules are small in size and high
on performance. Using double-sided surface mount construction and synchronous
rectification technology, these regulators
deliver up to 6 A of output current while
occupying a PCB area of about half the
size of a standard postage stamp. They
are an ideal choice for applications where
space, performance and cost are important design constraints.
The series operates from an input
voltage of 3.3 V to provide step-down
power conversion to any output voltage
over the range, 0.9 V to 2.5 V. The output voltage of the PTH03000W is set
within this range using a single resistor.
SLTS200C – MAY 2003 – REVISED DECEMBER 2003
Features
• Up to 6-A Output Current
• 3.3 V Input Voltage
• Wide-Output Voltage Adjust
(0.9 V to 2.5 V)
• Efficiencies up to 95 %
• 115 W/in³ Power Density
• On/Off Inhibit
• Under-Voltage Lockout
Operating features include an on/off
inhibit, output voltage adjust (trim), an
output current limit, and over-temperature
protection.
Target applications include telecom,
industrial, and general purpose circuits,
including low-power dual-voltage systems
that use a DSP, microprocessor, or ASIC.
Package options include both through-
hole and surface mount configurations.
• Output Current Limit
• Over-Temperature Protection
• Operating Temp: –40 to +85 °C
• Surface Mount Package
• Safety Agency Approvals (Pending):
UL 1950, CSA 22.2 950, EN60950
& VDE
Pin Configuration
Pin Function
1 GND
2V
in
3 Inhibit *
4Vo Adjust
5V
out
* Denotes negative logic:
Open = Output On
Ground = Output Off
Standard Application
R
= Required to set the output voltage to a value
set
higher than 0.9 V (see spec. table for values)
Cin= Required 100 µF capacitor
C
= Optional 100 µF capacitor
out
V
IN
C
IN
100 µF
(Required)
Inhibit
GND
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1
2
3
PTH03000W
(Top View)
R
SET
1 %, 0.1 W
(Required)
5
4
C
OUT
100 µF
Electrolytic
(Optional)
V
OUT
GND
PTH03000W —3.3-V Input
6-A, 3.3-V Input Non-Isolated
Wide-Output Adjust Power Module
Ordering Information
Output Voltage
Code Voltage
W 0.9 V – 2.5 V (Adjust)
Notes: (1) Add “T” to end of part number for tape and reel on SMD packages only.
(2) Reference the applicable package reference drawing for the dimensions and PC board layout
(3) “Standard” option specifies 63/37, Sn/Pb pin solder material.
(PTH03000Hxx)
Package Options
(PTH03000xHH)
Code Description Pkg Ref.
AH Horiz. T/H (EUS)
AS SMD, Standard
Pin Descriptions
Vin: The positive input voltage power node to the mod-
ule, which is referenced to common GND.
Vout: The regulated positive power output with respect
to the GND node.
GND: This is the common ground connection for the
‘V
’ and ‘V
in
reference for the ‘Inhibit’ and ‘V
Inhibit: The Inhibit pin is an open-collector/drain negative
logic input that is referenced to GND. Applying a lowlevel ground signal to this input disables the module’s
output and turns off the output voltage. When the Inhibit
control is active, the input current drawn by the regulator
is significantly reduced. If the Inhibit pin is left opencircuit, the module will produce an output whenever a
valid input source is applied.
’ power connections. It is also the 0 VDC
out
Adjust’ control inputs.
o
SLTS200C – MAY 2003 – REVISED DECEMBER 2003
(1)
(2)
(3)
(EUT)
Vo Adjust: A 0.1 W 1 % resistor must be directly connected
between this pin and the GND pin to set the output voltage
to a value higher than 0.9 V. The temperature stability
of the resistor should be 100 ppm/°C (or better). The set
point range for the output voltage is from 0.9 V to 2.5 V.
The resistor required for a given output voltage may be
calculated from the following formula. If left open circuit,
the output voltage will default to its lowest value. For
further information on output voltage adjustment, consult
the related application note.
R
set
= 10 kΩ ·
0.891 V
V
– 0.9 V
out
– 4.99 kΩ
The specification table gives the preferred resistor values
for a number of standard output voltages.
For technical support and further information visit http://power.ti.com
PTH03000W —3.3-V Input
6-A, 3.3-V Input Non-Isolated
Wide-Output Adjust Power Module
SLTS200C– MAY 2003 – REVISED DECEMBER 2003
Environmental & Absolute Maximum Ratings
Characteristics Symbols Conditions Min Typ Max Units
Operating Temperature Range T
Solder Reflow Temperature T
Storage Temperature T
a
reflow
s
Over Vin Range –40
Surface temperature of module body or pins 235
— –40 — +125 °C
Over Temperature Protection OTP IC junction temperature — 150 — °C
Mechanical Shock Per Mil-STD-883D, Method 2002.3 — 500 — G’s
Mechanical Vibration Mil-STD-883D, Method 2007.2 — 20 — G’s
1 msec, ½ sine, mounted
20-2000 Hz
Weight — — 2 — grams
Flammability — Meets UL 94V-O
Notes: (i) During reflow of SMD package version do not elevate peak temperature of the module, pins or internal components above the stated maximum.
Electrical Specifications Unless otherwise stated, T
=25 °C, Vin =3.3 V, Vo =2 V, Cin =100 µF, C
a
Characteristics Symbols Conditions Min Typ Max Units
Output Current I
Input Voltage Range V
o
in
0.9 V ≤ Vo ≤ 2.5 V, T
Over Io range 3 — 3.6 V
=60 °C, 200 LFM airflow 0 — 6
a
Ta =25 °C, natural convection 0 — 6
Set-Point Voltage Tolerance Vo tol — — ±2
Temperature Variation ∆Reg
Line Regulation ∆Reg
Load Regulation ∆Reg
Total Output Variation ∆Reg
temp
line
load
tot
Efficiency η I
Vo Ripple (pk-pk) V
r
Transient Response 1 A/µs load step, 50 to 100 % Iomax,
t
tr
∆V
Current Limit I
tr
lim
Under-Voltage Lockout UVLO V
Inhibit Control (pin 3) Referenced to GND
Input High Voltage V
Input Low Voltage
Input Low Current
IH
V
IL
I
IL
–40 °C <Ta < +85 °C — ±0.5 — %V
Over Vin range — ±5 — mV
Over Io range — ±5 — mV
Includes set-point, line, load,
–40 °C ≤ Ta ≤ +85 °C
=4 A R
o
= 576 Ω Vo = 2.5 V — 93 —
SET
= 3.09 kΩ Vo = 2.0 V — 91 —
R
SET
= 4.87 kΩ Vo = 1.8 V — 90 —
R
SET
= 9.76 kΩ Vo = 1.5 V — 88 —
R
SET
= 24.3 kΩ Vo = 1.2 V — 86 —
R
SET
R
= 82.5 kΩ Vo = 1.0 V — 84 —
SET
20 MHz bandwidth — 20 — mVpp
=1.8 V, C
V
o
Recovery time — 70 — µSec
Vo over/undershoot — 100 — mV
∆V
= –50 mV — 13 — A
o
increasing — 2.95 3
in
Vin decreasing 2.6 2.8 —
=100 µF
out
Pin 3 to GND — –10 — µA
Standby Input Current Iin inh pins 1 & 3 connected — 1 — mA
Switching Frequency ƒ
External Input Capacitance C
External Output Capacitance C
s
in
out
Over Vin and Io ranges — 700 — kHz
Capacitance value non-ceramic 0 100
ceramic 0 — 300
Equiv. series resistance (non-ceramic) 4
Reliability MTBF Per Bellcore TR-332
Notes:
(1) See SOA curves or consult factory for appropriate derating.
(2) The set-point voltage tolerance is affected by the tolerance and stability ofR
with 100 ppm/°C or better temperature stability.
(3) The Inhibit control (pin 3) has an internal pull-up to Vin, and if left open-circuit the module will operate when input power is applied. A small low-
leakage (<100 nA) MOSFET is recommended to control this input. See application notes for more information.
(4) The regulator requires a minimum of 100 µF input capacitor with a minimum 300 mArms ripple current rating. For further information, consult the
related application note on Capacitor Recommendations.
(5) An external output capacitor is not required for basic operation. Adding 100 µF of distributed capacitance at the load will improve the transient response.
(6) This is the calculated maximum. The minimum ESR limitation will often result in a lower value. Consult the application notes for further guidance.
(7) This is the typical ESR for all the electrolytic (non-ceramic) output capacitance. Use 7 m
50 % stress, Ta =40 °C, ground benign
. The stated limit is unconditionally met if R
SET
Ω
as the minimum when using max-ESR values to calculate.
(i)
— +85 °C
=0 µF, and Io =Iomax
out
(ii)
PTH03000W
(1)
(1)
(2)
1,000
(2)
(3)
(6)
— — ±3
Vin –0.5 — Open
–0.2 — 0.8
(4)
100
——µF
(5)
(7)
——mΩ
28——10
has a tolerance of 1 %
SET
°C
A
%V
%V
%
V
V
µF
6
o
o
o
Hrs
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)
)
)
PTH03000W —3.3-V Input
Typical Characteristics
6-A, 3.3-V Input Non-Isolated
Wide-Output Adjust Power Module
Characteristic Data; Vin =3.3V (See Note A)
Efficiency vs Output Current
100
90
80
70
Efficiency - %
60
50
0123456
Ripple vs Output Current
50
40
30
20
Ripple - mV
10
Iout - Amps
SLTS200C – MAY 2003 – REVISED DECEMBER 2003
Safe Operating Area; Vin =3.3 V (See Note B)
All Output Voltages
90
V
OUT
2.5 V
2.0 V
1.8 V
1.5V
1.2V
1.0 V
V
OUT
1.0 V
1.2 V
1.5 V
1.8 V
2.0 V
2.5 V
80
70
60
50
40
Ambient Temperature (°C)
30
20
0123456
Iout (A
Airflow
100LFM
Nat Conv
0
0123456
Power Dissipation vs Output Current
2
1.6
1.2
0.8
Pd - Watts
0.4
0
0123456
Iout (A
Iout (A
Note A: Characteristic data has been developed from actual products tested at 25°C. This data is considered typical data for the Converter.
Note B: SOA curves represent the conditions at which internal components are at or below the manufacturer’s maximum operating temperatures. Derating limits apply to
modules soldered directly to a 4 in.
×
4 in. double-sided PCB with 1 oz. copper.
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Application Notes
PTH03000W
Capacitor Recommendations for the PTH03000W,
Wide-Output Adjust Power Modules
Input Capacitor
The recommended input capacitor(s) is determined by
the 100 µF minimum capacitance and 300 mArms minimum ripple current rating.
Ripple current, less than 300 mΩ equivalent series resis-
tance (ESR), and temperature are the major considerations
when selecting input capacitors. Unlike polymer tantalum,
regular tantalum capacitors have a recommended mini-
mum voltage rating of 2 × (maximum DC voltage + AC
ripple). This is standard practice to ensure reliability.
For improved ripple reduction on the input bus, ceramic
capacitors
and achieve the minimum required capacitance.
Output Capacitors (Optional)
For applications with load transients (sudden changes in
load current), regulator response will benefit from an
external output capacitance. The recommended output
capacitance of 100 µF will allow the module to meet
its transient response specification (see product data sheet).
For most applications, a high quality computer-grade
aluminum electrolytic capacitor is adequate. These capacitors provide decoupling over the frequency range, 2 kHz
to 150 kHz, and are suitable for ambient temperatures
above 0 °C. For operation below 0 °C tantalum, ceramic
or Os-Con type capacitors are recommended. When using
one or more non-ceramic capacitors, the calculated equiva-
lent ESR should be no lower than 4 mΩ (7 mΩ using the
manufacturer’s maximum ESR for a single capacitor). A
list of preferred low-ESR type capacitors are identified
in Table 1-1.
Ceramic Capacitors
Above 150 kHz the performance of aluminum electrolytic
capacitors becomes less effective. To further improve the
reflected input ripple current
response, multilayer ceramic capacitors can also be added.
Ceramic capacitors have very low ESR and their resonant
frequency is higher than the bandwidth of the regulator.
When used on the output their combined ESR is not
critical as long as the total value of ceramic capacitance
does not exceed 300 µF. Also, to prevent the formation of
local resonances, do not place more than five identical ceramic capacitors in parallel with values of 10 µF or greater.
Tantalum Capacitors
Tantalum type capacitors can be used at both the input
and output, and are recommended for applications where
the ambient operating temperature can be less than 0 °C.
The AVX TPS, Sprague 593D/594/595 and Kemet T495/
[2]
may used to complement electrolytic types
[2]
or the output transient
T510 capacitor series are suggested over many other
tantalum types due to their higher rated surge, power
dissipation, and ripple current capability. As a caution
many general purpose tantalum capacitors have considerably higher ESR, reduced power dissipation and lower
ripple current capability. These capacitors are also less
reliable as they have lower power dissipation and surge
current ratings. Tantalum capacitors that do not have a
stated ESR or surge current rating are not recommended
for power applications.
When specifying Os-Con and polymer tantalum capacitors
for the output, the minimum ESR limit will be encountered well before the maximum capacitance value is
reached.
Capacitor Table
Table 1-1 identifies the characteristics of capacitors from a
number of vendors with acceptable ESR and ripple current
(rms) ratings. The recommended number of capacitors
required at both the input and output buses is identified
for each capacitor type.
This is not an extensive capacitor list. Capacitors from other
vendors are available with comparable specifications. Those
listed are for guidance. The RMS ripple current rating and
ESR (at 100 kHz) are critical parameters necessary to insure
both optimum regulator performance and long capacitor life.
Designing for Very Fast Load Transients
The transient response of the DC/DC converter has been
characterized using a load transient with a di/dt of 1 A/µs.
The typical voltage deviation for this load transient is
given in the data sheet specification table using the
optional value of output capacitance. As the di/dt of a
transient is increased, the response of a converter’s regulation circuit ultimately depends on its output capacitor
decoupling network. This is an inherent limitation with
any DC/DC converter once the speed of the transient
exceeds its bandwidth capability. If the target application
specifies a higher di/dt or lower voltage deviation, the
requirement can only be met with additional output
capacitor decoupling. In these cases special attention
must be paid to the type, value and ESR of the capacitors
selected.
If the transient performance requirements exceed that
specified in the data sheet, the selection of output capacitors becomes more important. For further guidance
consult the separate application note, “Selecting Output
Capacitors for PTH Products in High-Performance Applications.”
For technical support and further information visit http://power.ti.com
Application Notes
continued
PTH03000W
Table 1-1: Input/Output Capacitors
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)DMS(mulatnaT,55F
)DMS(noc-sO,PVS
)laidaR(noc-sO,PS
eugarpS-yahsiV
)laidaR(noc-sO,AS49
)DMS(mulatnaT,594T
)DMS(mulatnaT,D495
)DMS(remyloPpacsoP,EPT
)DMS(mulA-yloP,025T
)DMS(.mulA-yloP-007A
)DMS(R5XcimareC,temeKV61
gnikroW
egatloV)Fµ(eulaV
V52
V01
V61
V61
V01
V01
V61
V01
V53
V52
V01
V01
V61
V01
V01
V01
V01
V3.6
V01
V01
V01
V3.6
022Fµ
033Fµ
021Fµ
022Fµ
001Fµ
001Fµ
021Fµ
001Fµ
01
74
Fµ001
Fµ021
Fµ001
Fµ001
Fµ051
Fµ001
µ022F
Fµ001
Fµ022
Fµ001
Fµ001
Fµ051
Fµ021
Fµ001
003.0 Ω
530.0 Ω
051.0 Ω
061.0 Ω
040.0 Ω
720.0 Ω
071.0 Ω
420.0 Ω
051.0 Ω
061.0 Ω
550.0 Ω
040.0 Ω
520.0 Ω
520.0 Ω
01.00Ω
001.0 Ω
080.0 Ω
001.0 Ω
810.0 Ω
090.0 Ω
041.0 Ω
200.0 Ω
200.0 Ω
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Am0082
Am555
Am006
Am0012
Am0342
Am054
Am0244
Am076
Am064
Am0002
Am0052>
Am0082>
Am0042>
Am0901>
Am4141>
× W3.4 × H1.4
Am0021
Am0011>
Am0092
Am0011
Am0001>
× W0.6 × H1.4
Am0762
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3.8 × 9.6
01 × 2.01
8× 2.01
3.6 × 8.9
8× 7.6
8× 01
8× 5.11
01 × 01
01 × 5.11
7.7 × 3.4
7×8
3.6 × 8.9
3.7 × 7.5
L3.7 × W7.5
× H0.4
8× 5.01
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1
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1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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1
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≤3
≤5
≤3
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≤5
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1
≤5
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≤4
≤4
≤2
≤4
≤4
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≤5
]1[
≤2
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M021PVS01
M001SPS61
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P101E1CFVEE
P121A1AWFEE
122C1CFUEE
P133C1KFVEE
PT08HM121CV01AXP
PT01HM122CV52ZVM
11HM072SP01
SG1RNM101V1GWU
HPM151E1MPU
NM701A155F
LM022EPT01
0010R010M701DSPT
0010R010M722VSPT
SA010M701D025T
SA010M701X594T
TA600M701D007A
T2C0100X751D495
T2D0100X721D595
PBE0100X701AS49
CAP4M601C0121C
CAP9K674C0121C
cimareC,ataruMR5X)DMS(V3.6
cimareC,KDTR5X)DMS(V3.6
[1] A total capacitance of 94 µF is acceptable based on the combined ripple current rating.
[2] A ceramic capacitor may be used to complement electrolytic types at the input to further reduce high-frequency ripple current.
V3.6
V61
V61
V3.6
V61
V61
001
74
22
01
001
74
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01
200.0 Ω —esac0121
200.0 Ω —esac0121
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For technical support and further information visit http://power.ti.com
1≤
≤2
≤3
≤5
1≤
≤2
≤3
≤5
M701J06RE23MRG
M674J06RE23MRG
K622C16RE23MRG
K601C16RD23MRG
TM701J0R5X5223C
TM674J0R5X5223C
TM622C1R5X5223C
TM601C1R5X5223C
Application Notes
PTH03000W
Adjusting the Output Voltage of the PTH03000W
Wide-Output Adjust Power Modules
The Vo Adjust control (pin 4) sets the output voltage of
the PTH03000Wproduct. The adjustment range is
from 0.9 V to 2.5 V. The adjustment method requires
the addition of a single external resistor, R
be connected directly between the V
o
, that must
set
Adjust and GND
pins 1. Table 2-1 gives the preferred value of the external
resistor for a number of standard voltages, along with the
actual output voltage that this resistance value provides.
For other output voltages the value of the required resistor
can either be calculated using the following formula, or
simply selected from the range of values given in Table 2-2.
Figure 2-1 shows the placement of the required resistor.
R
= 10 kΩ ·
set
Table 2-1; Preferred Values of R
V
(Standard) R
out
2.5 V 576 Ω 2.501V
2 V 3.09 kΩ 2.003 V
1.8 V 4.87 kΩ 1.804 V
1.5 V 9.76 kΩ 1.504 V
1.2 V 24.3 kΩ 1.204 V
1 V 82.5 kΩ 1.002 V
0.9 V Open 0.9 V
Figure 2-1; Vo Adjust Resistor Placement
0.891 V
– 0.9 V
V
out
for Standard Output Voltages
set
(Pref’d Value) V
set
– 4.99 kΩ
(Actual)
out
Table 2-2; Output Voltage Set-Point Resistor Values
Va Req’dR
0.900 Open
0.925 351 kΩ
0.950 173 kΩ
0.975 114 kΩ
1.000 84.1 kΩ
1.025 66.3 kΩ
1.050 54.4 kΩ
1.075 45.9 kΩ
1.100 39.6 kΩ
1.125 34.6 kΩ
1.150 30.7 kΩ
1.175 27.4 kΩ
1.200 24.7 kΩ
1.225 22.4 kΩ
1.250 20.5 kΩ
1.275 18.8 kΩ
1.300 17.3 kΩ
1.325 16.0 kΩ
1.350 14.8 kΩ
1.375 13.8 kΩ
1.400 12.8 kΩ
1.425 12.0 kΩ
1.450 11.2 kΩ
1.475 10.5 kΩ
set
Va Req’dR
1.50 9.86 kΩ
1.55 8.72 kΩ
1.60 7.74 kΩ
1.65 6.89 kΩ
1.70 6.15 kΩ
1.75 5.49 kΩ
1.80 4.91 kΩ
1.85 4.39 kΩ
1.90 3.92 kΩ
1.95 3.50 kΩ
2.00 3.11 kΩ
2.05 2.76 kΩ
2.10 2.44 kΩ
2.15 2.14 kΩ
2.20 1.86 kΩ
2.25 1.61 kΩ
2.30 1.37 kΩ
2.35 1.15 kΩ
2.40 950 Ω
2.45 758 Ω
2.50 579 Ω
set
Notes:
1. Use a 0.1 W resistor. The tolerance should be 1 %,
with a temperature stability of 100 ppm/°C (or better).
Place the resistor as close to the regulator as possible.
Connect the resistor directly between pins 4 and 1
using dedicated PCB traces.
2. Never connect capacitors from V
. Any capacitance added to the Vo Adjust pin will affect
V
out
Adjust to either GND or
o
the stability of the regulator.
4
Adj
V
V
IN
Inhibit
GND
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+
C
IN
100µF
(Required)
2
V
IN
PTH03000W
3
O
V
O
GNDInhibit
1
R
SET
0.1 W, 1 %
5
+
C
100µF
(Optional)
OUT
V
OUT
GND
Application Notes
PTH03000 & PTH05000 Series
Power-Up Characteristics
When configured per their standard application, the
PTH03000 and PTH05000 series of power modules will
produce a regulated output voltage following the application of a valid input source voltage. During power up,
internal soft-start circuitry slows the rate that the output
voltage rises, thereby limiting the amount of in-rush
current that can be drawn from the input source. The
soft-start circuitry introduces a short time delay (typically 10 ms) into the power-up characteristic. This is
from the point that a valid input source is recognized.
Figure 3-1 shows the power-up waveforms for a PTH05000W
(5-V input), with the output voltage set point adjusted for a
2-V output. The waveforms were measured with a 5-A
resistive load. The initial rise in input current when the
input voltage first starts to rise is the charge current drawn
by the input capacitors.
Figure 3-1
Vin (2 V/Div)
Vo (1 V/Div)
Output On/Off Inhibit
For applications requiring output voltage on/off control,
the PTH03000W & PTH05000W power modules incorporate an output on/off Inhibit control (pin 3). The
inhibit feature can be used wherever there is a requirement for the output voltage from the regulator to be
turned off.
The power module functions normally when the Inhibit
pin is left open-circuit, providing a regulated output
whenever a valid source voltage is connected to V
with
in
respect to GND.
Figure 3-2 shows the typical application of the inhibit
function. Note the discrete transistor (Q
). The Inhibit
1
control has its own internal pull-up to Vin potential. An
open-collector or open-drain device is recommended to
control this input.
Turning Q
pin and disables the output of the module. If Q
on applies a low voltage to the Inhibit control
1
is then
1
turned off, the module will execute a soft-start power-up
sequence. A regulated output voltage is produced within
20 msec. Figure 3-3 shows the typical rise in the output voltage, following the turn-off of Q
corresponds to the fall in the waveform, Q1 Vgs. The
Q
1
. The turn off of
1
waveforms were measured with a 5-A resistive load.
Figure 3-2
Iin (2 A/Div)
HORIZ SCALE: 5 ms/Div
Current Limit Protection
The PTHxx000W modules protect against load faults
with a continuous current limit characteristic. Under a
load fault condition the output current cannot exceed
the current limit value. Attempting to draw current that
exceeds the current limit value causes the output voltage
to be progressively reduced. Current is continuously
supplied to the fault until it is removed. Upon removal of
the fault, the output voltage will promptly recover.
Thermal Shutdown
Thermal shutdown protects the module’s internal circuitry
against excessively high temperatures. A rise in temperature may be the result of a drop in airflow, a high ambient
temperature, or a sustained current limit condition. If
the junction temperature of the internal components
exceed 150 °C, the module will shutdown. This reduces
the output voltage to zero. The module will start up
automatically, by initiating a soft-start power up when
the sensed temperature decreases 10 °C below the thermal
shutdown trip point.
VIN =5 V
Inhibit
GND
Figure 3-3
HORIZ SCALE: 5 ms/Div
+
C
IN
330 µF
(Required)
2
Q
1
BSS138
V
IN
PTH05000W
3
4
Adj
V
O
5
V
O
GNDInhibit
1
4k87
0.1 W, 1 %
+
V
C
OUT
100 µF
(Optional)
GND
Vo (1 V/Div)
Q1 Vgs
(10 V/Div)
=2 V
O
L
O
A
D
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