Teledyne HFM-I-405, HFM-I-401 User Manual

TELEDYNE HASTINGS
INSTRUMENTS
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
HFM-I-401 AND HFM-I-405
INDUSTRIAL
FLOW METERS
ISO 9001
CERTIFIED
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Manual Print History
The print history shown below lists the printing dates of all revisions and addenda created for this manual. The revision level letter increases alphabetically as the manual undergoes subsequent updates. Addenda, which are released between revisions, contain important change information that the user should incorporate immediately into the manual. Addenda are numbered sequentially. When a new revision is created, all addenda associated with the previous revision of the manual are incorporated into the new revision of the manual. Each new revision includes a revised copy of this print history page.
Revision A (Document Number 171-042008).........................................................................March 2008
Revision B (Document Number 171-102008)...................................................................... October 2008
Revision C (Document Number 171-112008) ................................................................. November 2008
Revision D (Document Number 171-032009) ........................................................................March 2009
Revision E (Document Number 171-082010)........................................................................August 2010
Visit www.teledyne-hi.com for WEEE disposal guidance.
Description of Symbols and Messages used in this manual
WARNING
CAUTION
NOTE
This indicates a potential personnel hazard. It calls attention to a procedure, practice, condition or the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury to personnel.
This indicates a potential equipment hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of all or part of the product.
This indicates important information. It calls attention to a procedure, practice, condition or the like, which is worthy of special mention.
Teledyne Hastings Instruments reserves the right to change or modify the design of its equipment without any obligation to provide notification of change or intent to change.
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Qui
ck
Sta
rt
Inst
ruc
tion
General Information
s
Connect dry, clean gas and ensure connections are leak free.
Connect Cable for power and analog signal output.
Check that electrical connections are correct.
(See diagrams below)
Terminal Strip
Replace front cover and cable feed-through ensuring gasket is seated and fasteners are secure.
112
A
ALARM
ALARM2
-
A
L
ARM1
O
A
A
I
N
-
DCOM
ZER
A
OU
I
N
+
T
+
OU
V
V
S
S
U
U
P
T
+
-
P
-
Digital Connector
12
3
4
PINS
SHIELD
1 2 3 4
RS232
GROUND
TRANSMIT
RECEIVE
UNUSED UNUSED
RS485
GROUND
TX+ (A)
RX+ (A)
TX- (B) RX- (B)
ETHERNET
GROUND
TD+ RD+
TD­RD-
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CAUTION
This instrument is available with multiple pin-outs. Ensure electrical connections are correct.
CAUTION
NOTE
The 400-I series flow meters are designed for IEC Installation/Over voltage Category II – single phase receptacle connected loads.
The Hastings 400 Series flow meters are designed for INDOOR and OUTDOOR operation.
CAUTION
CAUTION
In order to maintain the integrity of the Electrostatic Discharge immunity both parts of the remote mounted version of the HFM­I-400 instrument must be screwed to a well grounded structure.
In order to maintain the environmental integrity of the enclosure the power/signal cable jacket must have a diameter of 0.12 -
0.35” (3 – 9 mm) for the cable gland or 0.25 - 0.275” (6.5 – 7 mm) for the circular connector. The nut on the cable gland must be tightened down sufficiently to secure the cable. This cable must be rated for at least 85°C.
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Table of Contents
GENERAL INFORMATION.....................................................................................................................................1
1. GENERAL INFORMATION ....................................................................................................................................1
1.1. OVERVIEW......................................................................................................................................................1
1.1.1. 400 Series Family..................................................................................................................................1
1.1.2. 400 Series Meters ..................................................................................................................................1
1.1.3. Measurement Approach.........................................................................................................................1
1.1.4. Additional Functions..............................................................................................................................1
1.2. SPECIFICATIONS .............................................................................................................................................2
INSTALLATION.........................................................................................................................................................4
2. INSTALLATION....................................................................................................................................................4
2.1. RECEIVING INSPECTION.................................................................................................................................. 4
2.2. ENVIRONMENTAL AND GAS REQUIREMENTS..................................................................................................4
2.3. MECHANICAL CONNECTIONS .........................................................................................................................4
2.4. MOUNTING THE ELECTRONICS REMOTELY .....................................................................................................5
2.5. ELECTRICAL CONNECTION .............................................................................................................................5
2.5.1. Power Supply.........................................................................................................................................6
2.5.2. Analog Output........................................................................................................................................6
2.5.2.1. Current Loop Output .........................................................................................................................6
2.5.2.2. Voltage output....................................................................................................................................9
2.6. DIGITAL CONNECTION....................................................................................................................................9
2.7. DIGITAL CONFIGURATION ..............................................................................................................................9
2.7.1. RS-232 ...................................................................................................................................................9
2.7.2. RS-485 .................................................................................................................................................10
2.7.3. Ethernet ...............................................................................................................................................10
2.8. ALARM OUTPUT CONNECTION .....................................................................................................................10
2.9. AUXILIARY INPUT CONNECTION ..................................................................................................................11
2.10. ROTARY GAS SELECTOR...........................................................................................................................12
2.11. ELECTRICAL REMOTE ZERO CONNECTION ...............................................................................................13
2.12. CHECK INSTALLATION PRIOR TO OPERATION...........................................................................................13
OPERATION.............................................................................................................................................................15
3. OPERATION ......................................................................................................................................................15
3.1. ENVIRONMENTAL AND GAS CONDITIONS .....................................................................................................15
3.2. INTERPRETING THE ANALOG OUTPUT ..........................................................................................................15
3.3. DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS.........................................................................................................................15
3.3.1. Digitally Reported Flow Output..........................................................................................................16
3.3.2. Digitally Reported Analog Input..........................................................................................................16
3.4. ZEROING THE INSTRUMENT ..........................................................................................................................16
3.4.1. Preparing for a Zero Check.................................................................................................................16
3.4.2. Adjusting Zero .....................................................................................................................................17
3.5. OVER-RANGE................................................................................................................................................17
3.6. REVERSE FLOW ............................................................................................................................................18
3.7. HIGH PRESSURE OPERATION ........................................................................................................................18
3.7.1. Zero Shift .............................................................................................................................................19
3.7.2. Span Shift.............................................................................................................................................19
3.8. WARNINGS/ALARMS ....................................................................................................................................19
3.9. MULTI-GAS CALIBRATIONS..........................................................................................................................19
3.10. FLOW TOTALIZATION ...............................................................................................................................20
3.11. ADDITIONAL DIGITAL CAPABILITIES ........................................................................................................20
PARTS AND ACCESSORIES.................................................................................................................................21
4. PARTS & ACCESSORIES.....................................................................................................................................21
4.1. POWER POD POWER & DISPLAY UNITS ......................................................................................................21
4.2. FITTINGS.......................................................................................................................................................22
4.3. CABLES ........................................................................................................................................................22
WARRANTY.............................................................................................................................................................23
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WARRANTY......................................................................................................................................................23
5.
5.1. WARRANTY REPAIR POLICY.........................................................................................................................23
5.2. NON-WARRANTY REPAIR POLICY................................................................................................................23
APPENDICES............................................................................................................................................................24
6. APPENDICES .....................................................................................................................................................24
6.1. APPENDIX 1- VOLUMETRIC VERSUS MASS FLOW.........................................................................................24
6.2. APPENDIX 2 - GAS CONVERSION FACTORS...................................................................................................25
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1. General Information
1. General Information
1.1. Overview
1.1.1. 400 Series Family
The Hastings 400 Series is a family of flow instruments which is specifically designed to meet the needs of the industrial gas flow market. The “I” family in the 400 Series features an IP-65 enclosure which allows the use of the instrument in a wide variety of environments. The 400 I products consist of four configurations: a flow meter, HFM-I-401, which has a nominal nitrogen full scale between 10 SLM and 300 SLM and a corresponding flow controller, the HFC-I-403; a larger flow meter, HFM-I-405, which ranges from 100 SLM to 2500 SLM, and a corresponding flow controller, the HFC-I-407. These instruments are configured in a convenient in-line flow-through design with standard fittings. Each instrument in the series can be driven by either a +24 VDC power supply or a bipolar ±15 volt supply. The electrical connection can be made via either a terminal strip located inside the enclosure or optionally through an IP-65 compatible electrical connector. Also, these instruments include both analog and digital communications capabilities.
1.1.2. 400 Series Meters
The Hastings HFM-I-401 and HFM-I-405 thermal mass flow meters are designed to provide very accurate measurements over a wide range of flow rates and environmental conditions. The design is such that no damage will occur from moderate overpressure or overflows and no maintenance is required under normal operating conditions when using clean gases.
1.1.3. Measurement Approach
The instrument is based on mass flow sensing. This is accomplished by combining a high-speed thermal transfer sensor with a parallel laminar flow shunt (see Figure 1-1). The flow through the meter is split between the sensor and shunt in a constant ratio set by the full scale range. The thermal sensor consists of a stainless steel tube with a heater at its center and two thermocouples symmetrically located upstream and downstream of the heater. The ends of the sensor tube pass through an aluminum block and into the stainless steel sensor base. With no flow in the tube the thermocouples report the same elevated temperature; however a forward flow cools the upstream thermocouple relative to the downstream. This temperature difference generates a voltage signal in the sensor which is digitized and transferred to the main processor in the electronics enclosure. The processor uses this real-time information and the sensor/shunt characteristics stored in non-volatile memory to calculate and report the flow.
To ensure an inherently linear response to flow, both the thermal sensor and the shunt have been engineered to overcome problems common to other flow meter designs. For example, nonlinearities and performance variations often arise in typical flow meters due to pressure-related effects at the entrance and exit areas of the laminar flow shunt. Hastings has designed the 400 Series meters such that the flow­critical splitting occurs at locations safely downstream from the entrance effects and well upstream from the exit effects. This vastly improves the stability of the flow ratio between the sensor and shunt. The result of this design feature is a better measurement when the specific gravity of the flowing medium varies, for instance due to changes in pressure or gas type. Also, a common problem in typical flow meters is a slow response to flow changes. To improve response time, some flow meter designs introduce impurities such as silica gel. Alternatively, Hastings has designed the 400 Series sensor with reduced thermal mass to improve the response time without exposing additional materials to the gas stream.
1.1.4. Additional Functions
These instruments contain a number of functions in addition to reporting flow which include:
Settable alarms and warnings with semiconductor switch outputs
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A digitally reported status of alarms and warnings such as overflow/underflow
A flow totalizer to track the amount of gas added to a system
A digitizing channel for an auxiliary analog signal
An internal curve fitting routine for “fine tuning” the base calibration
An alternate calibration set of 8 different ranges/gases
1.2. Specifications
WARNING
Do not operate this instrument in excess of the specifications listed below. Failure to heed this warning can result in serious personal injury and/or damage to the equipment.
Performance
Full Scale Flow Ranges
)
(in N
2
Accuracy1 Optional: ± (0.5% reading + 0.2%FS) Optional: ± (0.5% reading + 0.2%FS) Repeatability ± 0.1% of F.S. ± 0.1% of F.S. Operating Temperature -20 to 70°C -20 to 70°C Warm up time 30 min for optimum accuracy 30 min for optimum accuracy 2 min for ± 2% of full scale 2 min for ± 2% of full scale
Settling Time/Reponse Time Temperature Coefficient of Zero Temperature Coefficient of Span Operating Pressure ­Maximium
Optional: 1500 psig Optional: 1000 psig Pressure Coefficient of Span < 0.01%of reading /psi (N Pressure Drop(N2@14.7 psia) < 1.1 psi at full scale flow < 5.1 psi at full scale flow Attitude Sensitivity of Zero < 2% of F.S. < 2% of F.S.
Electrical
Power Requirements Analog Output
0-10 slm up to 0-350 slm 0-100 slm up to 0-2500 slm Standard: ± 1% full scale Standard: ± 1% full scale
< 2.5 seconds (to within ± 2% of full scale) < 2.5 seconds (to within ± 2% of full scale) < ±0.05% of Full Scale /°C < ±0.05% of Full Scale /°C < ±0.16% of reading/°C < ±0.16% of reading/°C Standard: 500 psig Standard: 500 psig
18-38 VDC, 3.5 watts(Ethernet) 2.5 watts(RS232/485)
Standard: 4 – 20 mA Standard: 4 – 20 mA
HFM-I-401 HFM-I-405
, 0-1000 psig) < 0.01%of reading /psi (N2, 0-1000 psig)
2
18-38 VDC, 3.5 watts(Ethernet) 2.5 watts(RS232/485)
Optional: 0-10 VDC, 0-20 mA, 0-5 VDC, 1-5 VDC Optional: 0-10 VDC, 0-20 mA, 0-5 VDC, 1-5 VDC Digital Output Optional: RS 485 Optional: RS 485 Optional: Ethernet Optional: Ethernet Analog Connector Optional: 12 pin Circular Connector Optional: 12 pin Circular Connector Digital Connector 4 pin, D-coded M12 4 pin, D-coded M12
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Standard: RS 232 Standard: RS 232
Std: Terminal Block – M16 Cable Gland Std: Terminal Block – M16 Cable Gland
Mechanical
Fittings
Standard: 1/2" Swagelok Standard: 1" Swagelok
Optional: ½" VCO®, ½" VCR®, ¾” Swagelok, Optional: 1" VCO®,1" VCR®, ¾” Swagelok, , 10mm Swagelok, 3/8" male NPT, ½” male NPT 1" male NPT, ¾” male NPT, 1 5/16"-12 straight
12mm Swagelok, ¾"-16 SAE/MS straight thread thread Leak Integrity < 1x10
-8
sccs He < 1x10
-8
sccs He Wetted Materials 316L SS, Nickel 200, 302 SS, Viton® 316L SS, Nickel 200, 302 SS, Viton® Weight (approx.) 12 lb (5.5 kg) 18 lb (8 kg)
®
is a trademark of DuPont Dow Elastomers, LLC.
Viton
®
Swagelok
, VCO®and VCR® are trademarks of the Swagelok Company.
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2. Installation
2. Installation
CAUTION
Many of the functions described in this section require removing the enclosure front plate. Care must be taken when reinstalling this plate to ensure that the sealing gasket is properly positioned and the fasteners are secure to maintain an IP65 compliant seal.
2.1. Receiving Inspection
Your instrument has been manufactured, calibrated, and carefully packed so it is ready for operation. However, please inspect all items for any obvious signs of damage due to shipment. Immediately advise Teledyne Hastings and the carrier if any damage is suspected.
Use the packing slip as a check list to ensure all parts are present (e.g. flow meter, power supply, cables etc.) and that the options are correctly configured (output, range, gas, connector).
If a return is necessary, obtain an RMA (Return Material Authorization) number from Teledyne Hastings’ Customer Service Department at 1-800-950-2468 or hastings_instruments@teledyne.com
2.2. Environmental and Gas Requirements
Use the following guidelines prior to installing the flow meter:
Ensure that the temperature of all components and gas supply are between -20° and 70° C
Ensure that the gas line is free of debris and contamination
Ensure that the gas is dry and filtered (water and debris may clog the meter and/or affect its
performance)
.
If corrosive gases are used, purge ambient (moist) air from the gas lines
2.3. Mechanical Connections
The meter can be mounted in any orientation unless using dense gases or pressures higher than 250 psig in which case a “flow horizontal” orientation is required. The meter’s measured flow direction is indicated by the arrow on the electronics enclosure.
A straight run of tubing upstream or downstream is not necessary for proper operation of the meter. The flow meter incorporates elements that pre-condition the flow profile before the measurement region. So for example, an elbow may be installed upstream from the flow meter entrance port without affecting the flow performance.
Compression fittings should be connected and secured according to recommended procedures for that fitting. Two wrenches should be used when tightening fittings (as shown in the Quick Start Guide on page iii) to avoid subjecting the flow meter body to undue torque and related stress.
The fittings are not intended to support the weight of the meter. For mechanical structural support, four mounting holes (#1/4-20 thread, 3/8” depth) are located in the bottom of the meter. The position of these holes is documented on the outline drawing in Appendix 3 (Section 6.3).
Leak-check all fittings according to an established procedure appropriate for the facility.
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2.4. Mounting the Electronics Remotely
CAUTION
The electronics enclosure can be separated and relocated up to 30 feet away from the flow meter base. This requires a cable which is supplied with the instrument if ordered as a cable mounted unit. Alternatively, a 2, 5, or 10 meter cable can be purchased separately. See section 4.2 for ordering information and part numbers.
When remote mounting the electronics enclosure, the support bracket can remain attached to either the flow meter base or the electronics. To separate the electronics enclosure from the support bracket, remove the two screws located on the back of the support bracket. To separate the flow meter base from the support bracket, remove the four screws that mount the bracket to the top of the flow meter base. Unscrew the electrical connector between electronics enclosure and the flow meter base. Remove the electronics enclosure from the flow meter base. Connect the female end of the remote electronics cable to the flow meter base and the male end to the electronics enclosure. The electronics enclosure can be mounted remotely by using the two threaded holes in the enclosure. The size and spacing of these two holes are specified on the outline drawing in Appendix 3 (Section 6.3). These holes may be used by inserting fasteners from behind through a new mounting bracket or they may be accessed from the front side by temporarily removing the enclosure panel. This enables mounting the enclosure to a wall or other solid structure. Alternatively, if the instrument was originally configured as a bracket mounted unit the bracket may be directly mounted to a support structure. The bracket mounting holes locations are the same as those for the flow meter base mounting. (See the outline drawing in Appendix 3, Section
6.3.)
In order to maintain the integrity of the Electrostatic Discharge immunity both parts of the remote mounted version of the HFM­I-400 instrument must be screwed to a well grounded structure. The ferrite that is shipped with the instrument must be installed on the cable next to the electronics enclosure.
Figure 2-1 Accessing the terminal strip
Terminal Strip Pin-out
(Pins numbered right to left as viewed from the front)
1 - Power Supply 2 + Power Supply 3- Flow Output 4+ Flow Output 5 + Auxiliary Input 6 - Auxiliary Input 7No Connection 8 Digital Common 9 Remote Zero
2.5. Electrical Connection
There are two electrical connectors on the Hastings 400-I Series flow meters—an analog terminal strip (located within the electronics enclosure) and a digital connector. The analog connector provides for the power supply to the meter along with analog signals and functions. As such, its use is required for operation. The digital connector is used for communications in either of RS232, RS485, or Ethernet mode depending on the instrument’s configuration. The digital connector does not have to be used if the meter is operated as an analog­only instrument.
10 Alarm 1 11 Alarm 2 12 Alarm Common
Figure 2-2 Electrical connections for analog inputs/outputs and power
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There are two possible connection methods to the analog terminal strip. The standard method is by inserting a cable through the supplied cable gland with an external jacket that meets the specifications of the following caution note and tightening down the cable gland nut securely to seal against the cable jacket.
There is also an optional sealed circular connector that may be ordered with the instrument. If this connector is ordered the internal terminal board will be connected to pins on the circular connector. This option will be supplied with the mating connector (if a power cable was not ordered with the instrument). This mating connector has pins that must be soldered to wires (24 - 28 AWG) in a customer supplied cable that meets the specifications in the caution note below. Other sealing collets for cable diameters other than specified below can be ordered from Bulgin PX0482 (3 – 5 mm) or PX0483 (5 – 7 mm). Ensure that the parts are installed on the cable assembly correctly before assembling. Installation and removal of the outer housing may damage the latches and prevent the connector from making a leak-free seal.
In order to maintain the environmental integrity of the enclosure
CAUTION
the power/signal cable jacket must have a diameter of 0.12 -
0.35” (3 – 9 mm) for the cable gland or 0.25 - 0.275” (6.5 – 7 mm) for the circular connector. The nut on the cable gland must be tightened down sufficiently to secure the cable. This cable must be rated for at least 85°C.
2.5.1. Power Supply
Ensure that the power source meets the requirements detailed in the specifications section. Hastings offers several power supply and readout products that meet these standards and are CE marked. If multiple flow meters or other devices are sharing the same power supply, it must have sufficient capability to provide the combined maximum current.
Power is delivered to the instrument through pins 1 and 2 of the analog terminal strip located within the electronics enclosure (see Figure 2-1). As shown in the pin-out diagram Figure 2-2, the positive polarity of the power supply is connected to pin 2 and the negative is connected to pin 1. (For a unipolar power supply, pin 1 is power common and pin 2 is +24V. For a bipolar ±15V power supply, pin 1 is -15V and pin 2 is + 15V.) To allow for inadvertent reversal of the power polarity, an internal diode bridge will ensure that the proper polarity is applied to the internal circuitry. A green LED located next to the terminal strip will illuminate when the meter is properly powered. The power supply inputs are galvanically isolated from all other analog and digital circuitry.
2.5.2. Analog Output
The indicated flow output signal is found on pins 3 and 4 of the terminal strip as shown in Figure 2-2. The negative output pin 3 is galvanically isolated from chasis ground and from the power supply input common. The 400 Series meters can be configured to provide one of many available current and voltage outputs; the standard 4 -20 mA or the optional 0 -20 mA, 0-5 Vdc, 1-5 Vdc, or 0-10 Vdc.
When the meter is configured with milliamp output it cannot generate a signal that is below the zero current value; therefore the 0-20 mA unit is limited in its ability
NOTE
to indicate a negative flow with the analog signal.
2.1.1.1. Current Loop Output
The standard instrument output is a 4 - 20 mA signal proportional to the measured flow (i.e. 4 mA = zero flow and 20 mA = 100% FS). An optional current output of 0 – 20 mA (where 0 mA = zero flow and 20 mA = 100% FS) may be selected at the time of ordering.
If either current loop output has been selected, the flow meter acts as a passive transmitter. It neither sources nor sinks the current signal. The polarity of the loop must be such that pin 4 is at a higher potential than pin 3 on the flow meter terminal strip. Loop power must be supplied with a potential in
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the range of 5-28 Vdc from a source external to the flow meter. The loop supply can be the same supply as that for the instrument power or it can be an isolated loop supply.
Figure 2-3 shows a typical setup using the same supply. This method requires a jumper from pin 2 to pin 4 on the terminal strip while connecting pin 3 to a wire that carries this signal to the indicator (for example, a process ammeter, data acquisition system, or PLC board). To complete the current loop, another wire carries the return signal from the flow indicator back to the negative end of the input supply.(Alternatively, the loop current can be measured on the “high potential side” by connecting the indicator between the pins 2 and 4 while connecting pin 3 to pin 1.)
Figure 2-4 shows an arrangement using a separate loop supply which is isolated from the instrument power supply.
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Figure 2-3 Wiring diagram showing the current loop supply powered by the instrument suppl
y
Figure 2-4 Wiring diagram showing the current loop powered by an external supply
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2.1.1.2. Voltage output
If the flow meter is configured for a voltage output, the signal will be available as a positive potential on pin 4 relative to pin 3 of the terminal strip. Since these pins are galvanically isolated, the signal cannot be read by an indicator between pin 4 and pin 1 of the terminal strip. Pin 3 must be used as the return to properly read the output on pin 4. If an output that is referenced to power supply common is desired then pins 3 and 1 must be connected. It is recommended that these signals be transmitted through shielded cable, especially for installations where long cable runs are required or if the cable is located near equipment that emits RF energy or uses large currents.
Note: When the meter is configured with a voltage output it cannot generate a signal that is more than a few mV below the zero volt value; therefore the 0-5 volt and 0-10 volt units are limited in their ability to indicate a negative flow with the analog signal.
2.6. Digital Connection
The digital signals are available on a sealed female D-coded M12 connector that is designed for use on industrial Ethernet connections. There are many options for connecting to the M12. Hastings offers an 8 foot cable (stock# CB-RS232-M12) with a compatible male M12 connector to a 9-pin D connector suitable for connecting the 400 I series instrument directly to the RS232 port on a PC. A cable to convert USB to RS232 9-pin is available from Hastings (stock# CB-USB-RS232). Also, a 5 meter M12 male–male cable suitable for digital communications can be purchased from Hastings (stock# CB­ETHERNET-M12). Other length cables are available from Lumberg (#0985 342 100/5 M) or Phoenix. Converters from the M12 connector to a standard modular Ethernet connector are available from Hastings or from Lumberg (#0981 ENC 100). A compatible M12 connector suitable for field wiring can be acquired from Harting (21 03 281 1405) or Mouser (617-21-03-281-1405).
The pin-out for the digital connector is shown in Figure 2-5.
PINS
SHIELD
12
34
Figure 2-5 Digital connector pin-out
1 2 3 4
RS232
GROUND
TRANSMIT
RECEIVE UNUSED UNUSED
RS485
GROUND
TX+ (A)
RX+ (A)
TX- (B) RX- (B)
ETHERNET
GROUND
2.7. Digital Configuration
A Hastings 400-I Series flow meter is available with one of three digital communications interfaces, RS232, RS485, or Ethernet. Unless specified differently at the time of ordering, the flow meter is configured for RS232 operation. For each interface, there are changes that can be made to the configuration, either via software or hardware settings. A brief overview of these is included here. For more detailed information, consult the Hastings 400 Series Software Manual.
TD+ RD+
TD­RD-
Jumper
Enabled Disabled
1 RS485 RS232
2 Half Duplex Full Duplex
3 TX Terminated Unterminated
4 RX Terminated Unterminated
5 9600 Baud Software Selected
2.7.1. RS-232
The default configuration for the RS-232 interface is 19200 baud, 8 data bits, no–parity, one stop bit. The
6 Addr = 99 Software Selected
Figure 2-6 Functions for digital jumper field
baud rate is software selectable and can be overridden by a hardware setting. Hardware settings for RS-232 and RS-485 are enacted on 12 pin jumper field located on the left end of the top circuit board in the electronics enclosure. Only the state of jumpers 1, 2, and 5 affect the RS-232 operation. These jumpers are installed vertically over two pins when enabled and are numbered from left to right. Jumper 1 must be disabled for RS-232; jumper 2 is used to select
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half or full duplex; and jumper 5 is enabled when a hardware override of the baud rate (forcing it to
9600) is desired. These functions are summarized in Figure 2-6.
2.7.2. RS-485
If RS485 is specified on the order, the flow meter is set to the default values: address 61, unterminated Tx and Rx lines. While the default address is 61, all instruments will respond to an address of FF. Hardware settings for RS-232 and RS-485 are enacted on 12 pin jumper field located on the left end of the top circuit board in the electronics enclosure. Only the state of jumpers 1, 3, 4, and 6 affect the RS­485 operation (see Figure 2-6). These jumpers are installed vertically over two pins when enabled and are numbered from left to right. Jumper 1 must be enabled for RS-485. Enabling jumpers 3 and 4 effect a 120 ohm resistance across the transmit and receive signal pairs respectively. These should only be enabled in the last instrument on a long buss. Enabling jumper 6 forces the address to 99; this is
Figure 2-7 Web browser screen
sometimes used when initiating communications.
2.7.3. Ethernet
If Ethernet is specified on the order, the flow meter has IP address 172.16.52.250 and communication port number
10001. There are no hardware settings required or available to modify the configuration. This IP address can be changed using a web browser to access the configuration of the instrument by typing the IP address into the URL section of the browser. Press OK to ignore the username/password screen as shown in Figure 2-7. Select the new IP address under the network section of the web page configuration utility. If this address cannot be reached, the instrument can be reconfigured by downloading and installing the Lantronix Device Installer routine from:
http://www.lantronix.com/device-networking/utilities­tools/device-installer.html.
A standard web browser cannot be used to send and receive messages (such as flow readings) from the main processor of the flow meter. An Ethernet capable software program is required to communicate with the meter’s processor. Suitable examples of such programs are “Hyperterminal” (typically installed as standard on PCs and shown in Figure 2-8) or custom Ethernet capable software such as LabView For more information see the Software Manual.
2.8. Alarm Output Connection
The Hastings 400 Series flow meters include two software settable hardware alarms. Each is an open­collector transistor functioning as a semiconductor switch designed to conduct DC current when activated. (See Figure 2-9.) These sink sufficient current to illuminate an external LED or to activate a remote relay and can tolerate up to 70Vdc across the transistor. The alarm lines and the alarm common are galvanically isolated from all other circuit components. The connections for Alarm 1, Alarm 2 and Alarm Common are available as pins 10, 11, and 12 respectively on the analog terminal strip (see Quick Start Guide on page iii).
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®
.
Figure 2-8 Example Hyperterminal window
Since the alarms act as switches they do not produce
1
a voltage or current signal. However, they can be used to generate a voltage signal on an Alarm Out line. This is done by connecting a suitable pull-up
Alarm 1
resistor between an external voltage supply and the desired alarm line while connecting Alarm Common to the common of the power supply. When activated, the alarm line voltage will be pulled toward the alarm common line generating a sudden drop in the signal
Alarm 2
line voltage.
To use the alarm to illuminate an LED connect the
Alarm Common
positive terminal of the LED to a suitable power supply and connect the other end to a current limiting resistor. This resistor should be sized such that the current is less than 20 mA when the entire supply voltage is applied. Connect the other end of
Figure 2-9 Alarm circuit diagram
the resistor to Alarm 1 or Alarm 2. Connect Alarm Common to the circuit common of the power supply. When activated, the alarm line is pulled toward the alarm common generating sufficient current through the LED to cause it to illuminate.
Figure 2-10 shows an example of the LED circuit arrangement applied to Alarm 1 while Alarm 2 is configured with a suitable pull-up resistor to provide a voltage output on an Alarm Out line.
Since the Alarm Common is a shared contact, if both alarms are being used independently they must each be wired such that the current passes through the external signaling
Alarm
V +
device before reaching the alarm line.
The alarm settings and activation status are available via software commands and queries. The software
Alarm 2
Alarm Out
interprets an activated Alarm 1 as an “Alarm” condition, while an activated Alarm2 is interpreted as a “Warning”
Alarm
Common
V -
condition. The software manual includes the detailed descriptions for configuring and interpreting the activation of these alarms.
2.9. Auxiliary Input
Figure 2-10 Alarm circuit diagram for LED operation
Connection
The Hastings 400 Series flow meters provide an auxiliary analog input function. The flow meter can read the analog value present between pins 5 and 6 on the terminal strip (as shown in Figure 2-2) and make its value available via the digital interface. The accepted electrical input signal is the same as that configured for the analog output signal (4 – 20 mA, 0 -20 mA, 0-5 Vdc, 1-5 Vdc, or 0-10 Vdc). Unlike the analog output signal, which is isolated and capable operating at common mode offsets of over 1000V, the analog input signal cannot be galvanically isolated from ground potential.
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2.2. Rotary Gas Selector
The Hastings 400 Series flow meters can have up to eight different calibrations stored internally. These are referred to as gas records. These records are used to select different gases, but they can also be useful in other ways; for instance reporting the flow in an alternate range, flow unit or reference temperature. The records are referred to by their number label from #0 – #7.
The first six records will, by default, be setup for most common six gases as shown in Figure 2-11. If a gas other than one of these six is specified on the customer order it will be placed in record #6. If a second different gas is selected, it will be placed in record #7. If multiple different gases or ranges are
specified they will replace some of the standard six gases.
Figure 2-11 Gas record table
The purchased calibration certificate is provided for the gas (or gases) specified by the customer when ordering. This gas will be indicated with an “X” on the Gas Label (diagram below) that is located on the top of the 400 Series Mass flow meter’s electronics enclosure. The remaining gas records will have a different full scale value and an unverified calibration. The full scale range can be calculated by using the Gas conversion factor or GCF. A comprehensive list is found in Appendix 2 in this manual.
Record# Gas
0 Nitrogen 1 Air 2 Helium
X
0
N
2
1
Air
2
He
3
H
2
4 5 6 7
S/N
Ar
(others use GCF)
O
2
X= cal report
generated
3 Hydrogen 4 Argon 5 Oxygen
6 Custom
7 Custom
Record# Gas
0 Nitrogen 1 Air 2 Helium 3 Hydrogen 4 Argon 5 Oxygen 6 Custom 7 Custom
Full Scale
Range
100 slm
100.15 slm 140 slm
100.38 slm
140.37 slm
97.95 slm Not included if
not specified Not included if not specified
Example 1
To convert the calibration of a full scale range of 100 slm of Nitrogen to the other full scale ranges:
GCF GCF
2
1
FSFS =
12
1. Calculate full scale value of Helium
Calibrated gas = Nitrogen (GCF
Full scale range (FS
Secondary gas (FS
) = 100 slm
1
) = Helium (GCF2 = 1.40)
2
= 1.000)
1
1.40/1 = 1.40, 1.40 x 100 = 140 slm of Helium
2. Calculate full scale value of Hydrogen
Calibrated gas = Nitrogen (GCF
Full scale range (FS
Secondary gas (FS
) = 100 slm
1
) = Hydrogen (GCF2 = 1.0038)
2
= 1.000)
1
1.0038/1 = 1.0038, 1.0038 x 100 = 100.38 slm of Hydrogen
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Example 2- Changing the active gas record
Selecting the active gas record is accomplished in one of two ways:
1. Hardware setting
2. Software setting
Hardware:
The hardware setting is selected by accessing a rotary encoder on the upper PC board in the electronics enclosure. When set to a number position from 0 to 7 it activates the corresponding gas record. If a number greater than 7 is selected, then gas record control is passed to software.
Software:
See Section 3.9 Multi-Gas Calibrations and the software manual for more information about the software control capabilities.
The software setting will override the hardware settings. If gas records are changed through the software setting and the rotary encoder is not changed, the software setting will be active. However, when the meter is powered down and subsequently powered up, the active setting will be based on the rotary encoder setting.
2.10. Electrical Remote Zero Connection
The Hastings 400 Series allows the flow meter zeroing operation to be activated remotely using pins 8 and 9 of the analog terminal strip. (See Drawing in Quick Start Guide.) If these pins are connected together, the meter initiates an internal routine that measures the current reading, stores it in nonvolatile memory as a zero offset, and removes this value from all subsequent readings. When the pin 9 is electrically isolated the flow meter operates normally. The typical implementation of this type of remote zeroing operation involves connecting a remote switch or relay to pins 8 and 9 of the terminal strip. (For more about the zeroing operation, see Section 3.4)
2.11. Check Installation Prior to Operation
Before applying gas to the meter it is advisable to ensure that the mechanical and electrical connections and digital communications (if applicable) are established and operating properly. This can be done by following the guideline procedure below:
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3. Operation
3. Operation
The Hastings 400 Series flow meters are designed for operation with clean dry gas and in specified environmental conditions (See Section 1.2). The properly installed meter measures and reports the mass flow as an analog signal and, depending on the configuration and set up, as a digital response. Other features can assist in the measurement operation and provide additional functions. The following sections serves as a guide for correctly interpreting the analog and digital flow output, optimizing the performance, and using the additional features of the instrument.
3.1. Environmental and Gas Conditions
For proper operation, the ambient and gas temperatures must be such that the flow meter remains between -20 and 70°C. Optimal performance is achieved when the environment and gas temperatures are equilibrated and stable. The 400 I series is intended for use with clean, non-condensing gases only. Particles, contamination, condensate, or any other liquids which enter the flow meter body may obstruct critical flow paths in the sensor or shunt, thus causing erroneous readings.
3.2. Interpreting the Analog Output
The analog output signal is proportional to mass flow rate. Each instrument is configured to provide one of the available forms of analog output as described in Section 2.2. The signal read by an indicator (for example, a process ammeter, data acquisition system, or PLC board) can be mapped to the measured flow rate by applying the proper conversion equation selected from the table below.
Table 3-1 The Signal → Flow mapping equations
Analog Output Configuration Mapping Equation
4 -20 mA Flow = FS flow * (I
0 -20 mA Flow = FS flow * I
0 – 5 Vdc Flow = FS flow * V
0 – 10 Vdc Flow = FS flow * V
1 – 5 Vdc Flow = FS flow * (V
Alternatively an analog display meter can indicate the flow rate directly in the desired flow units by setting the offset and scaling factors properly.
The flow meter is typically able to measure and report flow which slightly exceeds the full scale value. Reverse or “negative” flows are indicated (to values up to 25% of full scale) by meters with 4-20 mA or 1-5 volt output. However, meters with 0-5 Volt, 0-10 volt or 0-20 mA output are limited in their ability to indicate a negative flow with the analog signal since negative currents or voltages cannot be generated by the meter’s circuitry.
– 4)/ 16
out
/ 20
out
/ 5
out
/ 10
out
-1)/ 4
out
3.3. Digital Communications
Many of the Hastings 400 Series flow meter’s operating parameters such as the flow measurement, alarm settings, status, or gas type can be read or changed by digital communications. The digital communications commands and protocols for each particular interface (RS-232, RS-485, and Ethernet) are treated in detail in the Software Manual. However, the function and interpretation of flow output and auxiliary input are also briefly presented here.
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3.3.1. Digitally Reported Flow Output
The flow rate can be read digitally by sending an ascii “F” command (preceded by the address for RS-
485). The instrument will respond with an ascii representation of the numerical value of the flow rate in the units of flow specified on the nameplate label.
Example: A meter with RS-232 communications, calibrated for 500 slm FS N
2
Computer transmits: {F}
HFM flow meter replies: {137.5}
This is interpreted as 137.5 slm of nitrogen equivalent flow.
In most situations, the flow meter can measure beyond its range (i.e. a flow that exceeds the full scale or a reverse flow) and report the value via the digital output. While the meter can perform beyond its stated range, the accuracy of these values has not been verified during the calibration process. Flows that exceed 160% of the nominal shunt range (S46 response) should not be relied upon. See the software manual for further information.
3.3.2. Digitally Reported Analog Input
The flow meter can read the analog value present on pins 5 & 6 of the terminal strip (See Section 2.9). This function is typically used to read the analog output from a nearby sensor such as a pressure sensor or vacuum gauge. This value is spanned for the same range as the analog output signal; it reads volts for flow meter configured for 0-5, 0-10 or 1-5 volt output and milliamps for a flow meter configured for 0­20 or 4-20 milliamp output. The value is accessed via the “S26” software query as shown below.
Example: A meter calibrated for 0-5 volt output and RS-232 communications.
Computer transmits: {S26}
HFM flow meter replies: {2.532}
This is interpreted as 2.532 volts.
3.4. Zeroing the Instrument
A proper zeroing of the flow meter is recommended after initial installation and warm-up. It is also advisable to check the zero flow indication periodically during operation. Any uncertainty at zero flow is an offset value which affects all subsequent flow readings. The frequency of these routine checks depends on factors such as: the environmental conditions, the desired level of accuracy, and the desire to measure low flow rates (relative to the meter full scale). To achieve the most precise flow readings, the zeroing procedure is done while the meter is at the expected operating conditions including temperature, line pressure, and gas type. This is especially true for cases where the flow meter is operating at high pressure or with very dense gas.
3.4.1. Preparing for a Zero Check
Before checking or adjusting the meter’s zero, the following three requirements must be satisfied:
Warm-up – The instrument must be powered and in the operating environment for at least 30 minutes. Even though the meter will operate within a few minutes after power is applied, the entire warm-up period is needed to establish a suitable zero reading.
No Flow – There must be an independent method to ensure that all flow through the instrument has completely ceased before checking or adjusting the zero. Typically this is achieved by closing valve downstream from the flow meter and waiting a sufficient time for any transient flow to decay. This is especially critical for low flow units that have long piping lengths before or after the flow meter. In such situations, it can require a significant settling time for the flow cease and enable a precise zero.
Stability – The flow meter must stabilize for at least 3 minutes at zero flow, especially following a high flow or overflow condition. This will allow all parts of the sensor to come to thermal equilibrium resulting in the best possible zero value.
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3.4.2. Adjusting Zero
The pre-conditions required for a zero check must also be followed when making a zero adjustment. The zero adjustment is a digitally controlled “reset” type operation. When commanded, the meter initiates an internal routine that performs the following sequence: measure the current flow reading, store it in nonvolatile memory as a zero offset, and remove this value from all subsequent readings.
If the instrument is inadvertently or improperly zeroed, for example while flow is passing through the instrument, the flow reading is subtracted from all future flow readings. This will
NOTE
This offset value can be accessed via the “S40” software query. The reported value is relative to an internal, un-spanned sensor voltage. As an interpretation guideline, an offset that exceeds 0.15 volts typically indicates that a faulty zero value is present.
There are three different methods to activate the zero reset function--manually, digitally, and electrically.
Manually – With the electronics enclosure cover plate removed, a pushbutton switch on the upper board is pressed.
CAUTION
produce large flow indication errors.
Accessing the manual zero pushbutton requires removing the enclosure front plate. Care must be taken when reinstalling this plate to ensure that the sealing gasket is properly positioned and the fasteners are secure to maintain an IP65 compliant seal.
Digitally – A “ZRO” (“*[address]ZRO” for RS485) command is received properly by the flow meter’s main processor.
Electrically – An external contact closure generates continuity between pins 8 and 9 of the terminal strip.
3.4.2.3.5. Over-range
The thermal mass flow sensor heats a portion of the gas in order to measure the flow rate. As the flow increases the heated tube is cooled and the slope of the sensor output versus the flow rate decreases. The sensor linearization function corrects for this effect while the flow rate is within the normal operating region. If the flow exceeds the normal operating region the digital flow indication will continue to track this increase with a reduced accuracy. The analog flow will also indicate this overflow condition until the circuitry reaches its limits (approximately 10 -25% over-range).
As the flow continues to increase above the normal operating region the sensor will be cooled sufficiently that the output of the sensor will reach a peak value around 2 – 4 times the full scale flow rate. If the flow continues to increase the sensor output will begin decreasing and the digital flow will indicate a decreasing flow rate even though the flow is actually getting increasing. At approximately 3 – 7 times the full scale flow rate the sensor output will drop within range of the normal output and even the analog output will record an on-scale flow rate when there is a very large over range flow rate.
401-405 SERIES - 17 -
250%
)
200%
150%
100%
Indicated Flow (% Full Scale
Flow meter Output
Analog Out put
50%
0%
0% 100% 200% 300% 400% 500% 600%
Flow (% Full Scale)
Digital Output
3.4.2.3.6. Reverse Flow
If the flow through the flow meter reverses and flow begins to enter the exit of the flow meter and leave through the entrance of the flow meter the flow meter will measure this flow and report it digitally with reduced accuracy. The analog output will also indicate this by either generating a negative output voltage or decreases the current output below 4 mA, depending on whether a voltage or current output has been selected.
3.7. High Pressure
Operation
When operating at high pressure, the meter’s performance can be affected in two distinct and separate ways—a zero shift and a span (calibration) shift.
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8 7 6 5 4 3 2
Span Shift (% Reading)
1 0
-1 0 200 400 600 800 1000
Figure 3-1 The pressure effect on flow calibration (for nitrogen)
Pressure Ef f ect
Line Pressure (psig)
3.7.1. Zero Shift
The zero offset can occur as the result of natural convection flow through the sensor tube if the instrument is not mounted in a level orientation with flow horizontal. This natural convection effect causes a zero shift proportional to the system pressure. The overall effect is more pronounced for gases with higher density. Normally the shift is within the allowable zero offset range and can be removed by activating the zero reset at the operating pressure.
3.7.2. Span Shift
The gas properties which form the basis for the flow measurement, such as viscosity and specific heat, exhibit a slight dependence on the gas pressure. Fortunately, this pressure dependence is predictable and can be corrected for in cases where it has an impact on accuracy (typically only significant for pressures in excess of 100 psig). The graph shown in Figure 3-1 shows the expected span shift as a function of pressure for nitrogen. This behavior is similar for most diatomic gases (O this effect is insignificant for the monatomic gases (He, Ar, etc). This span shift must be considered and accounted for as appropriate for accurate flow measurements at high pressure conditions.
, H2, etc), whereas
2
3.8. Warnings/Alarms
There are two alarm contacts on the terminal strip connector within the electronics enclosure (See Section 2.8). These function as isolated semiconductor switches sharing a single, isolated common line. In its normal state each switch is “open”; when an alarm is activated the switch is “closed”.
The meter’s processor can be configured via the digital interface to establish the internal condition for activating each alarm. There are many choices for internal alarms and warnings including overflow, underflow, or various instrument error conditions. Each alarm can also be given a selectable “wait time”—a period for which it must remain in the alarm condition before the physical alarm is activated. See the Software Manual for detailed alarm setting and configuration information.
3.9. Multi-gas Calibrations
The Hastings 400 Series flow meters can have up to eight different calibrations stored internally. These are referred to as gas records. These records are typically used to represent different gases, but they can also be useful in other ways; for instance reporting the flow in an alternate range, flow unit or reference temperature. The records are referred to by their number label from #0 – #7. The first six records are, by default, setup for the same range in the most common six gases as shown in Figure 2-11. If a gas other than one of these six is specified on the customer order it will be placed in record #6. If a second different gas is selected, it will be placed in record #7. If multiple different gases or ranges are specified they will replace some of the standard six gases. Only the gas(es) specified on the order will be verified. The other records will use nominal gas factors to approximate the gas sensitivity until an actual calibration is performed to correct for individual instrument variations. Selecting the active gas record can be done in one of two ways—a hardware setting or a software setting. The hardware setting is done by accessing a rotary encoder on the upper PC board in the electronics enclosure. When set to a number position from 0 to 7 it activates the corresponding gas record. When set to a number greater than 7, the gas record control is passed to software. If the software setting mode is enabled, then the “S6” digital command can be used to set the active gas record as shown in the example below.
Example: To first determine and then change the active gas record using RS-232,
Computer transmits: {S6}
HFM flow meter replies: {0}
This indicates that gas record #0 is currently active.
Computer transmits: {S6=4}
This changes the active gas record to #4.
See the Software Manual for further information including how to setup a new gas record and how to reconfigure an existing gas record.
401-405 SERIES - 19 -
CAUTION
NOTE
Accessing the rotary encoder requires removing the enclosure front plate. Care must be taken when reinstalling this plate to ensure that the sealing gasket is properly positioned and the fasteners are secure to maintain an IP65 compliant seal.
The software command to change the active gas record will not be executed unless the rotary encoder is set to a number greater than 7. However, the software query will return the current active gas record number even when it has been set by the hardware.
3.10. Flow Totalization
The Hastings 400 Series flow meters are capable of providing a value for the “total amount of gas” that has passed through the flow meter since the last time the totalization function was reset. This value can be used to determine for example, the amount of gas used to fill a chamber or drawn from a supply vessel. To initialize the totalization function, reset the totalized flow value to zero using the S36 digital command as shown in the example below. All subsequent flow readings are added over time and stored as the totalized flow value. The totalized flow value can be read by querying the flow meter digitally as in the example below. The totalized flow is reported in the flow units chosen for the active gas without the time unit. For example, if the flow units are standard liters per minute, the totalized flow is reported in standard liters; if flow units are standard cubic feet per hour, the totalized flow is reported in standard cubic feet.
Example: For a 100 slm FS flow meter, to first reset/start the flow totalization function and then later read the value using RS-232,
Computer transmits: {S36=0}
This resets the totalized value to zero and starts the totalization function. At some point later in time:
Computer transmits: {S36}
HFM flow meter replies: {45.7}
This is interpreted as a total gas amount of 45.7 standard liters has passed through the meter since the flow totalizer was started.
3.11. Additional Digital Capabilities
The Hastings 400 series flow meters have a wide selection of other functions, operating parameters, and values that can be reported and configured via digital communications such as the calibration date, the instrument temperature, the number of hours that gas has been flowing, etc. See the Software Manual for detailed information on these additional digital features.
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4. Parts and Accessories
4. Parts & accessories
These are parts and accessories that are available by separate order from Teledyne Hastings Instruments.
4.1. Power Pod – Power & Display units
THPS-100 Singel Channel Power Supply
The Teledyne Hastings Instruments microprocessor based Power Mass Flow Power Supply is a self-contained power supply and display for gas thermal mass flow meters, pressure transducers or any device with a voltage output. The unit features an automatically generated set point (0-5V or 0-10V), making it ideal for use with thermal mass flow controllers and pressure controllers. Features include
4.5display, ±15 volt, 250mA transducer supply and an integrated +/- 15vdc @ 250ma power supply is available providing a well regulated, short circuit and thermal overload protected output, and CE compliance. See the Teledyne Hastings Instruments Product Bulletin for the complete specification on this product.
THPS-400 Four Channel Power Supply
The Teledyne Hastings Instruments Digital 4-Channel Power rack profile for simple drop-in replacement of the existing Model 200 and 400 units, or be used as a bench top unit. The Power fluorescent display (VFD). The display emulates a liquid crystal display in its command structure but the VFD gives the unit a greater viewing angle than available with most conventional LED or LCD displays. The Power count-up or count-down option; user selected filtering of readings; serial or Ethernet communications. The unit also offers a simultaneous display of all four channels or selective blanking of unused channels, ratio control with analog outputs for stacking multiple power supplies, and easy to follow menu driven calibration and setup. The digital design of the Power maximum display values corresponding to specific voltage or current inputs. One advantage of this approach is that it negates the need to access hard to reach transducers to re-zero them. Should the analog signal from the transducer change due to a zero shift, the digital counts seen by the Power either manually from the front panel or via serial communication with the unit.
Pod
-400 is equipped with a four line by twenty-character, vacuum
Pod
incorporates many features including an integrated totalizer with a
Pod
allows the user to set both the minimum and
Pod
can be changed to display zero
Pod
-100 Thermal
Pod
is featured in a half-
401-405 SERIES - 21 -
4.1. Fittings
Fittings Hastings#
HFM-I-401 1/2" Swagelok Fittings 41-03-086 1/2" VCO Fittings 41-03-119 1/2" VCR Fittings 41-03-090 3/4" Swagelok Fitting 41-03-152 10 mm Swagelok 41-03-153 3/8" Male NPT 41-03-154 1/2" Male NPT 41-03-155 12 mm Swagelok 41-03-160 3/4-16 SAE/MS Straight Female (no fitting) N/A
HFM-I-405 1" Swagelok fitting 41-03-142 3/4" Swagelok 41-03-149 1" VCO Fitting 41-03-147 1" VCR fitting 41-03-148 1" Male NPT 41-03-150 3/4" Male NPT 41-03-151 1 5/16-12 Female SAE/MS straight thread (no fitting) N/A
4.2. Cables
Hastings
Description
Remote Electronics Cables
2 meter cable remote mounting cable CB-8P-M12-2MRA
5 meter remote mounting cable CB-8P-M12-5MRA
10 meter remote mounting cable CB-8P-M12-10MRA
401 Local Bracket - mount direct to sensor 14-03-002
405 Local Bracket - mount direct to sensor 14-03-001
Digital Communications
9 pin RS232 to 400 series M12 connector CB-RS232-M12
Digital M12 connector to M12 connector CB-ETHERNET-M12
USB to 9 pin RS232 connector CB-USB-RS232
RJ45 Ethernet to M12 Ethernet connector CB-RJ45-M12
Analog I/O
8 foot D connector to 8 bare leads 25 foot D connector to 8 bare leads 100 foot D connector to 8 bare leads
Stock#
CB-D15-Lead-8 CB-D15-Lead-25 CB-D15-Lead-100
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5. WA R RAN T Y
5. Warranty
5.1. Warranty Repair Policy
Hastings Instruments warrants this product for a period of one year from the date of shipment to be free from defects in material and workmanship. This warranty does not apply to defects or failures resulting from unauthorized modification, misuse or mishandling of the product. This warranty does not apply to batteries or other expendable parts, nor to damage caused by leaking batteries or any similar occurrence. This warranty does not apply to any instrument which has had a tamper seal removed or broken.
This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied, including any implied warranty as to fitness for a particular use. Hastings Instruments shall not be liable for any indirect or consequential damages.
Hastings Instruments, will, at its option, repair, replace or refund the selling price of the product if
Hastings Instruments determines, in good faith, that it is defective in materials or workmanship during the warranty period. Defective instruments should be returned to Hastings Instruments, shipment prepaid, together with a written statement of the problem and a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number.
Please consult the factory for your RMA number before returning any product for repair. Collect freight will not be accepted.
5.2. Non-Warranty Repair Policy
Any product returned for a non-warranty repair must be accompanied by a purchase order, RMA form and a written description of the problem with the instrument. If the repair cost is higher, you will be contacted for authorization before we proceed with any repairs. If you then choose not to have the product repaired, a minimum will be charged to cover the processing and inspection. Please consult the factory for your RMA number before returning any product repair.
TELEDYNE HASTINGS INSTRUMENTS 804 NEWCOMBE AVENUE HAMPTON, VIRGINIA 23669 U.S.A. ATTENTION: REPAIR DEPARTMENT TELEPHONE (757) 723-6531 1-800-950-2468 FAX (757) 723-3925 E MAIL hastings_instruments@teledyne.com INTERNET ADDRESS http://www.hastings-inst.com
Repair Forms may be obtained from the “Information Request” section of the
Hastings Instruments web site.
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6. Appendices
6. Appendices
6.1. Appendix 1- Volumetric versus Mass Flow
Mass flow measures just what it says, the mass or weight of the gas flowing through the instrument. Mass flow (or weight per unit time) units are given in pounds per hour (lb/hour), kilograms per sec (kg/sec) etc. When your specifications state units of flow to be in mass units, there is no reason to reference a temperature or pressure. Mass does not change based on temperature or pressure.
However, if you need to see your results of gas flow in volumetric units, like liters per minute, cubic feet per hour, etc. you must consider the fact that volume DOES change with temperature and pressure.
A mass flow meter measures MASS (grams) and then converts mass to volume. To do this the density (grams/liter) of the gas must be known and this value changes with temperature and pressure.
When you heat a gas, the molecules have more energy and they move around faster, so when they bounce off each other, they become more spread out, therefore the volume is different for the same number of molecules.
Think about this:
The density of Air at 0° C is 1.29 g/liter
The density of Air at 25C is 1.19 g/liter
The difference is 0.1 g/liter. If you are measuring flows of 100 liters per minute, and you don’t use the correct density factor then you will have an error of 10 g/minute!
Volume also changes with pressure. Think about a helium balloon with a volume of 1 liter. If you could scuba dive with this balloon and the pressure on it increases. What do you think happens to the weight of the helium? It stays the same. What would happen to the volume (1 liter)? It would shrink.
Why is the word standard included with the volume terms liters and cubic feet in mass flow applications?
A mass flow meter measures mass …and we know we can convert to volume.
To use density we must pick one (or standard) temperature and pressure to use in our calculation. When this calculation is done, the units are called standard liters per minute (SLM) or standard cubic feet per minute (SCFM), etc because it is referenced to a standard temperature and pressure when the volume is calculated.
1 Liter
0° C
0..179 grams/1 liter
401-405 SERIES
Using the example to the left, we can see a standard liter can be defined differently. The first balloon contains 0.179 grams of Helium at 0 ° C and 760 Torr (density of 0.179 grams/liter). Heat up that balloon to room temperature and the volume increases, but the mass has not changed – but the volume is not 1 liter anymore, it is 1.08 liters.
So to define a standard liter of Helium at 25 C, we must extract only one liter from the second balloon and that liter weighs only 0.175 grams.
If a mass flow meter is set up for STP at 0 C and
1.08 Liter 1 Liter
25 C
0.179 g/1.08 liters
- 24 -
25° C
0.164 grams
760 Torr, when it measures 0.179 grams of He, it will give you results of 1 SLM. If a second meter is set up for STP at 25 C and 760 Torr, when it measures 0.164 grams, it will give results of 1 SLM.
6.2. Appendix 2 - Gas Conversion Factors
The gas correction factors (GCF’s) presented in this manual were obtained by one of four methods. The following table summarizes the different methods for determining GCF’s and will help identify for which gases the highest degree of accuracy may be achieved when applying a correction factor.
1. Empirically determined
2. Calculated from virial coefficients of other investigator’s empirical data
3. From NIST tables
4. Calculated from specific heat data at 0° C at 1 atmosphere
The most accurate method is by direct measurement. Gases that are easily handled with safety such as inert gases, gases common in the atmosphere or gases that are otherwise innocuous can be run through a standard flow meter and the GCF determined empirically.
Many gases that have been investigated sufficiently by other researchers, can have their molar specific heat (C’ p) calculated. The gas correction factor is then calculated using the following ratio:
GCF = C ’apN2
C’apGasX
GCF’s calculated in this manner have been found to agree with the empirically determined GCF’s within a few tenths of a percent.
The National Institute of Standards[LH1] and Technology (NIST) maintains tables of thermodynamic properties of certain fluids. Using these tables, one may look up the necessary thermophysical property and calculate the GCF with the same degree of accuracy as going directly to the referenced investigator.
Lastly, for rare, expensive gases or gases requiring special handling due to safety concerns, one may look up specific heat properties in a variety of texts on the subject. Usually, data found in this manner applies only in the ideal gas case. This method yields GCF’s for ideal gases but as the complexity of the gas increases, its behavior departs from that of an ideal gas. Hence the inaccuracy of the GCF increases.
Hastings Instruments will continue to search for better estimations of the GCF’s of the difficult gases and will regularly update the list. Most Hastings flow meters and controllers are calibrated using nitrogen. The correction factors published by Hastings are meant to be applied to these instruments. To apply the GCF’s, simply multiply the gas flow reading times the GCF for the process gas in use.
Example:
Calculate the actual flow of argon passing through a nitrogen-calibrated meter that reads 20 sccm, multiply the reading times the GCF for argon.
20.000 x 1.3978 = 27.956
Conversely, to determine what reading to set a nitrogen-calibrated meter in order to get a desired flow rate of a process gas other than nitrogen, you divide the desired rate by the GCF. For example, to get a desired flow of 20 sccm of argon flowing through the meter, divide 20 sccm by 1.3978
20.000 / 1.3978 = 14.308
That is, you ` (adjust the gas flow) to read 14.308 sccm.
401-405 SERIES - 25 -
Some meters, specifically the high flow meters, are calibrated in air. The flow readings must then be corrected twice. Convert once from air to nitrogen, then from nitrogen to the gas that will be measured with the meter. In this case, multiply the reading times the ratio of the process gas’ GCF to the GCF of the calibration gas.
Example:
A meter calibrated in air is being used to flow propane. The reading from the meter is multiplied by the GCF for propane and then divided by the GCF of air.
20 x (0.3499/1.0015) = 6.9875
To calculate a target setting (20 sccm) to achieve a desired flow rate of propane using a meter calibrated to air, invert the ratio above and multiply.
20 x (1.0015/0.3499) = 57.2449
Gas Conversion Table for Nitrogen
401-405 SERIES
Rec
#
Gas Symbol GCF Derived
Density
(g/L)
Z
25° C / 1
1 Acetic Acid C 2 Acetic Acid, Anhydride C 3 Acetone C 4 Acetonitryl C 5 Acetylene C
0.4155 4 2.700 2.0301
2H4F2
0.2580 4 4.173 2.3384
4H6O3
O 0.3556 4 2.374 1.7504
3H6
N 0.5178 4 1.678 1.4462
2H3
0.6255 4 1.064 0.9792
2H2
atm
6 Air Air 1.0015 1 1.185 1.0930 7 Allene C 8 Ammonia NH
0.4514 4 1.638 1.3876
3H4
0.7807 2 0.696 0.6409
3
9 Argon Ar 1.4047 1 1.633 2.1243 10 Arsine AsH 11 Benzene C 12 Boron Trichloride BCl 13 Boron Triflouride BF 14 Bromine Br 15 Bromochlorodifluoromethane CBrClF 16 Bromodifluoromethane CHBrF 17 Bromotrifluormethane CBrF 18 Butane C 19 Butanol C 20 Butene C 21 Carbon Dioxide CO 22 Carbon Disulfide CS
0.7592 5 3.186 4.0839
3
0.3057 4 3.193 2.0636
6H6
0.4421 4 4.789 3.6531
3
0.5431 4 2.772 2.4109
3
0.8007 4 6.532 1.0000
2
0.3684 4 6.759 4.2789
2
0.4644 4 5.351 4.3990
2
0.3943 4 6.087 4.1546
3
0.2622 2 2.376 1.6896
4H10
O 0.2406 4 3.030 1.9233
4H10
0.3056 4 2.293 1.6700
4H8
0.7526 1 1.799 1.7511
2
0.6160 4 3.112 3.0744
2
23 Carbon Monoxide CO 1.0012 4 1.145 1.0433 24 Carbon Tetrachloride CCl
0.3333 4 6.287 3.6196
4
25 Carbonyl Sulfide COS 0.6680 4 2.456 2.4230 26 Chlorine Cl
27 Chlorine Trifluoride ClF 28 Chlorobenzene C 29 Chlorodifluoroethane C 30 Chloroform CHCl 31 Chloropentafluoroethane C 32 Chloropropane C 33 Cisbutene C 34 Cyanogen C
0.8451 4 2.898 3.9995
2
0.4496 5 3.779 2.8970
3
Cl 0.2614 4 4.601 2.4954
6H5
ClF2 0.3216 4 4.108 2.5119
2H3
0.4192 4 4.879 3.5284
3
ClF5 0.2437 4 6.314 2.9778
2
Cl 0.3080 4 3.210 2.0756
3H7
0.3004 4 2.293 1.6672
4H8
0.4924 4 2.127 1.7626
2N2
35 Cyanogen Chloride ClCN 0.6486 5 2.513 2.4405 36 Cyclobutane C
0.3562 4 2.293 1.7091
4H8
- 26 -
37 Cyclopropane C3H6 0.4562 4 1.720 1.4440 38 Deuterium H 39 Diborane B
2
1.0003 4 0.165 0.3102
2
0.5063 5 1.131 1.0486
2H6
40 Dibromodifluoromethane CBr2F2 0.3590 4 8.576 5.2998 41 Dichlorofluoromethane CHCl 42 Dichloromethane CH
43 Dichloropropane C 44 Dichlorosilane H 45 Diethyl Amine C 46 Diethyl Ether C 47 Diethyl Sulfide C 48 Difluoroethylene C 49 Dimethylamine C
50 Dimethyl Ether C 51 Dimethyl Sulfide C
52 Divinyl C 53 Ethane C
F 0.4481 4 4.207 3.2249
2
0.5322 4 3.472 3.0592
2Cl2
0.2698 4 4.618 2.5291
3H6Cl2
SiCl2 0.4716 5 4.129 3.3176
2
N 0.2256 4 2.989 1.9080
4H11
O 0.2235 4 3.030 1.9215
4H10
S 0.2255 4 3.686 2.1300
4H10
0.4492 4 2.617 2.0457
2H2F2
N 0.3705 4 1.843 1.4793
2H7
O 0.4088 4 1.883 1.5211
2H6
S 0.3623 4 2.540 1.8455
2H6
0.3248 4 2.211 1.6433
4H6
0.4998 2 1.229 1.1175
2H6
Ethane, 1-chloro-1,1,2,2-
54
tetrafluoro- C
HClF4 0.2684 4 5.578 2.8629
2
Ethane, 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-
55
tetrafluoro- C 56 Ethanol C 57 Ethylacetylene C
58 Ethyl Amine C 59 Ethylbenzene C 60 Ethyl Bromide C 61 Ethyl Chloride C 62 Ethyl Fluoride C 63 Ethylene C 64 Ethylene Dibromide C 65 Ethylene Dichloride C 66 Ethylene Oxide C 67 Ethyleneimine C 68 Ethylidene Dichloride C 69 Ethyl Mercaptan C 70 Fluorine F 71 Formaldehyde CH 72 Freon 11 CCl 73 Freon 12 CCl 74 Freon 13 CClF 75 Freon 14 CF 76 Freon 22 CHClF 77 Freon 23 CHF 78 Freon 114 C 79 Furan C
HClF4 0.2719 4 5.578 2.8806
2
O 0.4046 4 1.883 1.5187
2H6
0.3256 4 2.211 1.6438
4H6
N 0.3694 4 1.843 1.4789
2H7
0.2001 4 4.339 2.3099
8H10
Br 0.4124 4 4.454 3.1724
2H5
Cl 0.4212 4 2.637 2.0018
2H5
F 0.4430 4 1.964 1.5967
2H5
0.6062 1 1.147 1.0475
2H4
0.3173 4 7.679 4.1196
2H4Br2
0.3475 4 4.045 2.5846
2H4Cl2
O 0.5308 4 1.801 1.5495
2H4
N 0.4790 4 1.719 1.4552
2H4
0.3506 4 4.045 2.5976
2H4Cl2
S 0.3654 4 2.540 1.8499
2H6
0.9115 4 1.553 1.5574
2
O 0.7912 4 1.227 1.1232
2
F 0.3535 4 5.615 3.4473
3
0.3712 4 4.942 3.2026
2F2
0.3792 4 4.270 2.8572
3
0.4422 4 3.597 2.7242
4
0.4857 4 3.534 2.8794
2
0.5282 4 2.862 2.4487
3
0.2327 4 6.986 3.1174
2Cl2F4
O 0.3889 4 2.783 2.0253
4H4
80 Helium He 1.4005 1 0.164 0.2304 81 Heptafluoropropane C 82 Hexamethyldisilazane C 83 Hexamethyldisiloxane C 84 Hexane C 85 Hexafluorobenzene C 86 Hexene C 87 Hydrazine N 88 Hydrogen H
0.1987 4 6.950 2.9681
3HF7
NSi2 0.1224 4 6.597 3.2710
6H19
OSi2 0.1224 4 6.637 3.2794
6H18
0.1828 4 3.522 2.1062
6H14
0.1733 4 7.605 3.0771
6F6
0.1918 4 3.440 2.0677
6H12
0.5506 4 1.310 1.1757
2H4
1.0038 1 0.082 0.3895
2
89 Hydrogen Bromide HBr 1.0028 4 3.307 7.6975 90 Hydrogen Chloride HCl 1.0034 4 1.490 1.5183 91 Hydrogen Cyanide CHN 0.7772 4 1.105 1.0003 92 Hydrogen Fluoride HF 1.0039 4 0.818 0.6845 93 Hydrogen Iodide HI 0.9996 4 5.228 1.0000 94 Hydrogen Selenide H 95 Hydrogen Sulfide H
Se 0.8412 5 3.309 5.1920
2
S 0.8420 4 1.393 1.3174
2
401-405 SERIES - 27 -
401-405 SERIES
96 Isobutane C4H10 0.2725 2 2.376 1.6912 97 Isobutanol C 98 Isobutene C 99 Isopentane C
100 Isopropyl Alcohol C 101 Isoxazole C 102 Ketene C
O 0.2391 4 3.030 1.9228
4H10
0.2984 4 2.293 1.6663
4H8
0.2175 4 2.949 1.8975
5H12
O 0.2931 4 2.456 1.7335
3H8
NO 0.4333 4 2.823 2.1501
3H3
O 0.5732 4 1.718 1.5127
2H2
103 Krypton Kr 1.4042 4 3.425 1.0000 104 Methane CH 105 Methanol CH 106 Methyl Acetate C 107 Methyl Acetylene C 108 Methylamine CH 109 Methyl Bromide CH 110 Methyl Chloride CH 111 Methylcyclohexane C 112 Methyl Ethyl Amine C 113 Methyl Ethyl Ether C 114 Methyl Ethyl Sulfide C 115 Methyl Fluoride CH 116 Methyl Formate C 117 Methyl Iodide CH 118 Methyl Mercaptan CH 119 Methylpentene C 120 Methyl Vinyl Ether C
0.7787 1 0.656 0.6105
4
O 0.6167 4 1.310 1.1818
4
0.3083 4 3.028 1.9967
3H6O2
0.4430 4 1.638 1.3847
3H4
N 0.5360 4 1.269 1.1449
5
Br 0.6358 4 3.881 4.3841
3
Cl 0.6639 4 2.064 1.9480
3
0.1853 4 4.013 2.2334
7H14
N 0.2692 4 2.416 1.7065
3H9
O 0.2844 4 2.456 1.7285
3H8
S 0.2743 4 3.113 1.9816
3H8
F 0.7247 4 1.391 1.2790
3
0.3975 4 2.455 1.8491
2H4O2
I 0.6514 4 5.802 10.2105
3
S 0.5409 4 1.966 1.6930
4
0.2037 4 3.440 2.0555
6H12
O 0.3435 4 2.374 1.7377
3H6
121 Neon Ne 1.4043 4 0.825 0.6173 122 Nitric Oxide NO 0.9795 4 1.226 1.1430 123 Nitrogen N 124 Nitrogen Dioxide NO 125 Nitrogen Tetroxide N 126 Nitrogen Trifluoride NF 127 Nitromethane CH
1.0000 1 1.145 1.0434
2
0.7604 4 1.880 1.8624
2
0.3395 4 3.761 2.4128
2O4
0.5406 5 2.902 2.5277
3
0.4653 4 2.495 1.9912
3NO2
128 Nitrosyl Chloride NOCl 0.6357 4 2.676 2.6013 129 Nitrous Oxide N 130 n-Pentane C 131 Octane C 132 Oxygen O 133 Oxygen Difluoride F 134 Ozone O 135 Pentaborane B 136 Pentane C 137 Perchloryl Fluoride ClFO 138 Perfluorocyclobutane C
139 Perfluoroethane C 140 Perfluoropropane C 141 Phenol C 142 Phosgene COCl 143 Phosphine PH 144 Phosphorus Trifluoride PF 145 Propane C 146 Propyl Alcohol C 147 Propyl Amine C 148 Propylene C 149 Pyradine C 150 R32 CH 151 R123 C 152 R123A C 153 R125 C 154 R134 C 155 R134A C 156 R143 C
O 0.7121 1 1.799 1.7098
2
0.2121 4 2.949 1.9008
5H12
0.1386 4 4.669 2.6119
8H18
0.9779 1 1.308 1.2483
2
O 0.6454 4 2.207 2.0766
2
0.7022 4 1.962 1.8868
3
0.1499 5 2.580 1.9855
5H9
0.2175 4 2.949 1.8975
5H12
0.4155 4 4.188 3.0075
3
0.1711 4 8.176 3.1946
4F8
0.2530 4 5.641 2.8112
2F6
0.1818 4 7.685 3.0998
3F8
O 0.2489 4 3.847 2.2089
6H6
0.4812 4 4.043 3.3063
2
0.7859 5 1.390 1.2956
3
0.4973 5 3.596 2.9936
3
0.3499 1 1.802 1.4516
3H8
O 0.3061 4 2.456 1.7427
3H8
N 0.2860 4 2.416 1.7126
3H9
0.4048 2 1.720 1.4223
3H6
N 0.3222 4 3.233 2.1151
5H5
0.6197 2 2.126 1.9458
2F2
HCl2F3 0.2583 2 6.251 3.0368
2
HCl2F3 0.2699 4 6.251 3.1065
2
0.2826 2 4.906 2.6844
2HF5
0.2996 4 4.170 2.4595
2H2F4
0.3110 2 4.170 2.5001
2H2F4
0.3451 4 3.435 2.2693
2H3F3
- 28 -
157 R143A C2H3F3 0.3394 4 3.435 2.2533 158 R152A C 159 R218 C 160 R1416 C 161 Radon Rn 1.4043 4 9.074 1.0000 162 Sec-butanol C 163 Silane SiH 164 Silicone Tetrafluoride SiF 165 Sulfur Dioxide SO 166 Sulfur Hexafluoride SF 167 Sulfur Tetrafluoride SF 168 Sulfur Trifluoride SF 169 Sulfur Trioxide SO 170 Tetrachloroethylene C 171 Tetrafluoroethylene C 172 Tetrahydrofuran C 173 Tert-butanol C 174 Thiophene C 175 Toluene C 176 Transbutene C 177 Trichloroethane C
178 Trichloroethylene C 179 Trichlorotrifluoroethane C 180 Triethylamine C 181 Trimethyl Amine C 182 Tungsten Hexafluoride WF 183 Uranium Hexafluoride UF 184 Vinyl Bromide C 185 Vinyl Chloride C 186 Vinyl Flouride C 187 Water Vapor H 188 Xenon Xe 1.4042 4 5.366 1.0000 189 Xylene, m- C 190 Xylene, o- C 191 Xylene, p- C
0.3877 4 2.700 1.9753
2H4F2
0.1818 4 7.685 3.0998
3F8
F 0.3047 4 4.780 2.7342
2H3Cl2
O 0.2327 4 3.030 1.9213
4H10
0.6809 5 1.313 1.1934
4
0.3896 5 4.254 2.9041
4
0.6878 4 2.619 2.7013
2
0.2701 1 5.970 3.0092
6
0.3752 4 4.417 2.9215
4
0.4368 4 3.640 2.7312
3
0.5397 4 3.273 2.8922
3
0.2926 4 6.778 3.4711
2Cl4
0.3395 4 4.088 2.5732
2F4
O 0.3271 4 2.947 1.9924
4H8
O 0.2298 4 3.030 1.9210
4H10
S 0.3538 4 2.783 1.9586
4H4
0.2448 4 3.766 2.1756
7H8
0.2053 4 2.293 1.6978
4H8
0.3133 4 5.453 3.0712
2H3Cl3
HCl4 0.3423 4 6.820 3.9903
2
0.2253 4 7.659 3.2607
2Cl3F3
N 0.1619 4 4.136 2.3280
6H15
N 0.2822 4 2.416 1.7109
3H9
0.2453 5 12.174 4.7379
6
0.1859 4 14.389 4.4681
6
Br 0.4768 4 4.372 3.5770
2H3
Cl 0.4956 4 2.555 2.0988
2H3
F 0.5716 5 1.882 1.6528
2H3
O 0.7992 5 0.742 0.6715
2
0.2036 4 4.339 2.3103
8H10
0.1953 4 4.339 2.3108
8H10
0.2028 4 4.339 2.3102
8H10
401-405 SERIES - 29 -
HFM-I-405
Flow meter
401-405 SERIES
- 30 -
HFM-I-401
Flow Meter
401-405 SERIES - 31 -
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