WCA230A & WCA280A
Portable Wireless Communication Analyzers
071-1257-00
This document applies to firmware version 1.2
and above.
Warning
The servicing instructions are for use by qualified
personnel only. To avoid personal injury, do not
perform any servicing unless you are qualified to
do so. Refer to all safety summaries prior to
performing service.
Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supercedes
that in all previously published material. Specifications and price change privileges reserved.
Tektronix Japan, Ltd., 5–9–31 Kitashinagawa, Shinagawa–ku, Tokyo 141–0001 Japan
Tektronix, Inc., P.O. Box 500, Beaverton, OR 97077
TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.
Windows and Windows 98 are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
WARRANTY
Tektronix warrants that the products that it manufactures and sells will be free from defects in materials and workmanship
for a period of one (1) year from the date of shipment. If a product proves defective during this warranty period, Tektronix,
at its option, either will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacement in
exchange for the defective product.
In order to obtain service under this warranty, Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the expiration of the
warranty period and make suitable arrangements for the performance of service. Customer shall be responsible for
packaging and shipping the defective product to the service center designated by Tektronix, with shipping charges prepaid.
Tektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which the
Tektronix service center is located. Customer shall be responsible for paying all shipping charges, duties, taxes, and any
other charges for products returned to any other locations.
This warranty shall not apply to any defect, failure or damage caused by improper use or improper or inadequate
maintenance and care. Tektronix shall not be obligated to furnish service under this warranty a) to repair damage resulting
from attempts by personnel other than Tektronix representatives to install, repair or service the product; b) to repair
damage resulting from improper use or connection to incompatible equipment; c) to repair any damage or malfunction
caused by the use of non-Tektronix supplies; or d) to service a product that has been modified or integrated with other
products when the effect of such modification or integration increases the time or difficulty of servicing the product.
THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN BY TEKTRONIX IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS DISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. TEKTRONIX’ RESPONSIBILITY TO
REPAIR OR REPLACE DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS IS THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO
THE CUSTOMER FOR BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS WILL NOT BE
LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IRRESPECTIVE
OF WHETHER TEKTRONIX OR THE VENDOR HAS ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGES.
Review the following safety precautions to avoid injury and prevent damage to
this product or any products connected to it. To avoid potential hazards, use this
product only as specified.
Only qualified personnel should perform service procedures.
To Avoid Fire or
Personal Injury
Use Proper Power Cord. Use only the power cord specified for this product and
certified for the country of use.
Ground the Product. This product is grounded through the grounding conductor
of the power cord. To avoid electric shock, the grounding conductor must be
connected to earth ground. Before making connections to the input or output
terminals of the product, ensure that the product is properly grounded.
Observe All Terminal Ratings. To avoid fire or shock hazard, observe all ratings
and markings on the product. Consult the product manual for further ratings
information before making connections to the product.
Do Not Operate Without Covers. Do not operate this product with covers or panels
removed.
Avoid Exposed Circuitry. Do not touch exposed connections and components
when power is present.
Do Not Operate With Suspected Failures. If you suspect there is damage to this
product, have it inspected by qualified service personnel.
Do Not Operate in Wet/Damp Conditions.
Do Not Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere.
Provide Proper Ventilation. Refer to the manual’s installation instructions for
details on installing the product so it has proper ventilation.
Symbols and Terms
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Terms in this Manual. These terms may appear in this manual:
WARNING. Warning statements identify conditions or practices that could result
in injury or loss of life.
CAUTION. Caution statements identify conditions or practices that could result in
damage to this product or other property.
xi
General Safety Summary
Terms on the Product. These terms may appear on the product:
DANGER indicates an injury hazard immediately accessible as you read the
marking.
WARNING indicates an injury hazard not immediately accessible as you read the
marking.
CAUTION indicates a hazard to property including the product.
Symbols on the Product. The following symbols may appear on the product:
WARNING
High Voltage
Protective Ground
(Earth) Terminal
CAUTION
Refer to Manual
xii
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Service Safety Summary
Only qualified personnel should perform service procedures. Read this Service
Safety Summary and the General Safety Summary before performing any service
procedures.
Do Not Service Alone. Do not perform internal service or adjustments of this
product unless another person capable of rendering first aid and resuscitation is
present.
Disconnect Power. To avoid electric shock, switch off the instrument power, and
then disconnect the power cord from the mains power.
Use Care When Servicing With Power On. Dangerous voltages or currents may
exist in this product. Disconnect power, remove battery (if applicable), and
disconnect test leads before removing protective panels, soldering, or replacing
components.
To avoid electric shock, do not touch exposed connections.
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
xiii
Service Safety Summary
xiv
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Preface
Manual Structure
This is the service manual for the WCA230A and WCA280A Portable Wireless
Communication Analyzers. The manual contains information needed to service
the analyzer to the module level.
This manual is divided into sections, such as Specifications and Theory of
Operation. Further, some sections are divided into subsections, such as
Product Description and Removal and Installation Procedures.
Sections containing procedures also contain introductions to those procedures.
Be sure to read these introductions because they provide information needed to
do the service correctly and efficiently. The manual section name and a brief
description of each is given below.
HSpecifications contains a description of the analyzer and the applicable
characteristics.
HOperating Information includes general information and operating instruc-
tions.
HTheory of Operation contains circuit descriptions that support service to the
module level.
HPerformance Verification contains procedures for confirming that the
analyzer functions properly and meets warranted limits.
HAdjustment Procedures contains procedures for adjusting the analyzer to
meet warranted limits.
HMaintenance contains information and procedures for performing preventive
and corrective maintenance of the analyzer. These instructions include
cleaning, module removal and installation, and fault isolation to the module.
HOptions contains information on servicing factory-installed options.
HElectrical Parts List contains a statement referring you to Mechanical Parts
List, where both electrical and mechanical modules are listed.
HDiagrams contains a block diagram and an interconnection diagram.
HMechanical Parts List includes a table of all replaceable modules, their
descriptions, and their Tektronix part numbers.
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
xv
Preface
Manual Conventions
This manual uses certain conventions that you should become familiar with.
Some sections of the manual contain procedures for you to perform. To keep
those instructions clear and consistent, this manual uses the following conventions:
HNames of front panel controls and menus appear in the same case (initial
capitals, all uppercase, etc.) in the manual as is used on the analyzer front
panel and menus. Front panel names are all upper-case letters; for example,
SPAN, TRIG, and SELECT.
HInstruction steps are numbered unless there is only one step.
Modules
Safety
Throughout this manual, any replaceable component, assembly, or part of the
analyzer is referred to generically as a module. In general, a module is an
assembly (like a circuit board), rather than a component (like a resistor or an
integrated circuit). Sometimes a single component is a module; for example, the
chassis of the analyzer is a module.
Symbols and terms related to safety appear in the Safety Summary near the
beginning of this manual.
Finding Other Information
Other documentation for the WCA230A and WCA280A analyzers includes:
HThe WCA230A and WCA280A User Manual contains a tutorial to quickly
HThe WCA230A and WCA280A Programmer Manual explains how to use the
describe how to operate the analyzer. It also includes an in-depth discussion
on how to more completely use the analyzer features.
GPIB interface to remotely control the analyzer.
xvi
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Contacting Tektronix
Preface
Phone1-800-833-9200*
AddressTektronix, Inc.
Department or name (if known)
14200 SW Karl Braun Drive
P.O. Box 500
Beaverton, OR 97077
USA
Web sitewww.tektronix.com
Sales support1-800-833-9200, select option 1*
Service support1-800-833-9200, select option 2*
Technical supportEmail: techsupport@tektronix.com
1-800-833-9200, select option 3*
6:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. Pacific time
*This phone number is toll free in North America. After office hours, please leave a
voice mail message.
Outside North America, contact a Tektronix sales office or distributor; see the
Tektronix web site for a list of offices.
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
xvii
Preface
xviii
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Introduction
This manual contains information needed to properly service the WCA230A and
WCA280A Portable Wireless Communication Analyzers as well as general
information critical to safe and effective servicing.
To prevent personal injury or damage to the analyzer, consider the following
before attempting service:
HThe procedures in this manual should be performed only by a qualified
service person.
HRead the General Safety Summary and the Service Safety Summary,
beginning on page xi.
HRead Preparation for Use in section 2, Operating Information.
When using this manual for servicing, be sure to follow all warnings, cautions,
and notes.
Performance Check Interval
Strategy for Servicing
Generally, the performance check described in section 4, Performance Verification, should be done every 12 months. In addition, performance check is
recommended after module replacement.
If the analyzer does not meet performance criteria, repair is necessary.
Throughout this manual, the term “module” refers to any field-replaceable
component, assembly, or part of the analyzer.
This manual contains all the information needed for periodic maintenance of the
analyzer. (Examples of such information are procedures for checking performance.)
Further, it contains all information for corrective maintenance down to the
module level. To isolate a failure to a module, use the fault isolation procedures
found in Troubleshooting, part of section 6, Maintenance. To remove and replace
any failed module, follow the instructions in Removal and Installation Proce-dures, also part of section 6. After isolating a faulty module, replace it with a
fully-tested module obtained from the factory. Section 10, Mechanical PartsList, contains part number and ordering information for all replaceable modules.
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
xix
Introduction
xx
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Specifications
Product Overview
The WCA230A and the WCA280A are portable wireless communication
analyzers capable of real-time spectrum analysis and modulated-signal analysis.
The analyzers enable transmitter characteristic evaluation required for mobile
communication systems. Large capacity memory that collects data up to 2.5
seconds W-CDMA is standard, ensuring accurate collection and analysis of super
frame signals defined in the 3GPP standard.
Features
H Measurement frequency range:
H Measurement span: 100 Hz to 3 GHz
H Real-time analysis
H Frequency counter: maximum resolution of ±1.2 Hz
DC to 3 GHz for WCA230A, DC to 8 GHz for WCA280A
Vector span: 15 MHz
H Spectrum analysis: power, ACPR, C/N, OBW, EBW
H Analog modulation analysis: AM, PM, FM
H Digital modulation analysis (maximum span of 15 MHz):
constellation, eye diagram, symbol table, EVM
H Time characteristic analysis
H Ability to display eight types of analysis results:
H Spectrum display (frequency vs. power)
H Spectrogram display (frequency vs. time vs. power)
H Analog demodulation display (time vs. modulation factor, phase or freq.)
H Constellation/vector display (digital modulation)
H Eye diagram display
H Symbol table display
H EVM analysis display (IS-95 standard)
H Time characteristic analysis display (IS-95 standard)
H 8.4 inch TFT color display and sturdy cabinet
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
1-1
Product Overview
Application
The WCA230A and the WCA280A can perform real-time analysis for the
following purposes:
H Research and development of second and third generation communication
instruments: 3GPP, W-CDMA, GSM, IS-95, T-53, PDC
H Research and development of Bluetooth communication instruments
H Digital modulation analysis
H Analog modulation analysis
H Power measurement: power, noise, ACP, C/N, occupied band width
H Variation analysis of PLL frequency:
H Jitter in reference oscillator circuits of mobile phones
H Localization of radio equipment
H Hard disk readout jitter
H Analysis of momentary noise: mixed noise measurement, EMI measurement
H Multi-path measurement: measurement of electric wave environment
H Electric wave interference: radar interference
H Electric wave analysis: analysis of electric waves form foreign countries
Difference between WCA230A and WCA280A
The WCA230A and the WCA280A have the same functions except for their
measurement frequency ranges:
WCA230ADC to 3 GHz. . . . . . . . .
WCA280ADC to 8 GHz. . . . . . . . .
Descriptions in this manual apply to both the WCA230A and the WCA280A
unless otherwise noted.
1-2
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
RealĆTime Analysis
Product Overview
This section explains real-time analysis with the comparison of conventional
swept spectrum analyzer and real-time spectrum analyzer.
Conventional Swept
Spectrum Analyzer
Figure 1–1 is a block diagram of the conventional swept spectrum analyzer.
There are two RF input signals in this example. The RF signal is converted to IF
(intermediate frequency) by the swept local oscillator. IF output goes through a
band-pass filter, where resolution of the spectrum analyzer is defined.
RF input
F
Mixer
Resolution
Local
oscillator
filter
Detector
Display
F
Figure 1-1: Concept of the swept spectrum analyzer
The filter is swept from F
start
to F
. See Figure 1–2. Only signals within the
stop
filter bandwidth are observed at one point in time. Signal A is detected first and
then signal B is detected and displayed.
NOTE. An intermittent signal, such as a burst phenomenon, will not be detected
unless it is present at the exact moment that the filter is being swept past it.
F
start
Figure 1-2: Sweep of resolution filter
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Sweep
AB
F
stop
1-3
Product Overview
RealĆTime Spectrum
Analyzer
The real-time spectrum analyzer is conceptually equipped with a series of
band-pass filters as shown in Figure 1–3. Signals passing through those filters
are concurrently observed and recorded continuously. Signals A and B are
concurrently acquired and displayed as shown in Figure 1–4.
Resolution
filter 1
FF
RF input
Resolution
filter 2
Resolution
filter 3
Resolution
filter N
Detector 1
Detector 2
Display
Detector 3
Detector N
Figure 1-3: Concept of the realĆtime spectrum analyzer
Concurrent acquisition
AB
F
start
Figure 1-4: Concurrent acquisition
F
stop
1-4
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Product Overview
The method actually used to concurrently acquire signals in a certain frequency
range is not band-pass filters, but FFT (Fast Fourier Transformation). The
WCA230A or WCA280A first acquires a series of frames of data in the time
domain, as shown in Figure 1–5, and then performs the FFT process for each
frame. This method enables continuous analysis of spectra and ensures the
capture of real-time phenomenon such as the W-CDMA burst signal. The
WCA230A and WCA280A are equipped with a 51.2 MHz A/D converter to
analyze the spectrum by single scanning for spans up to 15 MHz.
Time
Frame
FFF
FF
Figure 1-5: Frame acquisition
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
1-5
Product Overview
Architecture
Figure 1–6 shows the block diagram of the signal processing system.
RF input
Option
3 GHz / 8 GHz
down converter
External trigger inputTrigger detection
Q input
I Input
IF sampling
A/D converter
(optional)
IF sampling
A/D converter
Memory controller
Digital
down converter
FFT
Extended trigger
(optional)
Data memory
64 MB (standard)
256 MB (optional)
Local bus
1-6
Display
Mass Storage
Devices
Figure 1-6: Block diagram
HDD
FDD
PCI bridge
Windows
board PC
USB
LAN
GPIB
VGA
Front panel key
External interface
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Product Overview
3 GHz / 8 GHz
Down Converter
IF Sampling A/D Converter
Digital Down Converter
Converts the RF signal, input via the front-panel RF INPUT connector, into a
20 MHz IF signal. This converter processes signals up to 3 GHz for WCA230A
and 8 GHz for WCA280A by IF conversions in three stages. A 10 MHz
oscillator provides a high-accuracy reference for all stages of IF conversion. The
converter also adjusts signals for A/D conversion using a low-noise amplifier,
fine-tuning attenuator, and anti-alias filter. The output signal from the down
converter is sent to the IF sampling A/D converter described below.
The IF analog output from the down converter enters the A/D converter via the
fine-tuning attenuator, low-noise amplifier, and anti-alias filter, to be converted
into a digital signal. The sampling rate of the A/D converter is 51.2 MHz with a
resolution of 14 bits.
The digital down converter splits the real signal from the A/D converter into
complex (I and Q) components and limits the frequency span of the resulting
signal.
With Option 03, you can enter I and Q signals at this point in the block diagram.
The down converter performs span and center frequency fine-tuning. This
converter consists of two primary stages. In the baseband, the first stage converts
a 0 to 15 MHz real signal into a complex signal of ±7.5 MHz. The second stage
converts frequency to set any center frequency.
FFT/Extended Trigger
(Optional)
A decimating filter between stages changes the span by effectively reducing the
sampling rate. A 503 tap FIR filter and four-stage comb filter allow extremely
accurate filtering with minimal spurious emissions.
The data streams from the digital down converter are then divided into frames
and saved in data memory.
Option 02 provides a real-time digital trigger function that monitors the
frequency spectrum for the occurrence of specific events. A trigger mask is used
to set conditions for trigger.
The FFT processor performs high-speed calculations to create extended trigger
signals. The FFT processor performs 1024-point complex FFT at high speed to
create extended trigger signals. The FFT processor consists of an input buffer,
FFT calculation DSP, output buffer, and timing control circuit. Performing a
1024-point complex FFT at 12,500 times per second allows the trigger to operate
in real time in spans up to 15 MHz.
Because the trigger comparator is continuously operating at the maximum rate,
no events will be missed. The pre-trigger and post-trigger positions can be set as
needed; events before and after the trigger event can be measured.
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
1-7
Product Overview
Data Memory
Windows Board PC
A high-speed 64 MB standard SDRAM stores spectrum data. It is expanded to
256 MB with Option 02. For each data point, I and Q data use
2 bytes. This memory can store 16,000 frames for 1 waveform = 1024 points of
analysis, and 64,000 frames for Option 02, enabling data collection in W-CDMA
analysis up to 2.5 seconds on standard and 10 seconds on Option 02. The
memory is accessed from the system controller via the ISA/PCI bridge.
The system controller board is equipped with an Intel PENTIUM III CPU. It
uses Windows 98 as its operating system, and controls menu operation from the
front panel keys. It is equipped with a 10 GB hard disk and 3.5 inch disk drive to
store data and settings. Waveforms, menus, and measurement results are
displayed on the color display, which uses an 8.4 inch XGA TFT-LCD module.
The standard analyzer has the following external interfaces:
H USB (for mouse, keyboard, and/or printer)
H LAN (Ethernet 10/100BASE-T)
H GPIB
H VGA (for an external monitor)
1-8
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Specifications
This section contains the WCA230A and WCA280A Portable Wireless
Communication Analyzers specifications. All specifications are guaranteed
unless labeled Typical. Typical specifications are provided for your convenience.
NOTE. In these tables, those warranted characteristics that are checked in the
Performance Verification appear with the n symbol in the Characteristics
column.
Performance Conditions
The performance limits in this specification are valid with these conditions:
H The analyzer must have been calibrated and adjusted at an ambient tempera-
H The analyzer must be in an environment with temperature, altitude,
ture between +20
humidity, and vibration within the operating limits described in these
specifications.
_C and +30 _C.
H The analyzer must have had a warm-up period of at least 20 minutes.
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
1-9
Specifications
Electrical Characteristics
Table 1-1: Frequency
CharacteristicsDescription
Measurement frequency
Frequency rangeBaseband: DC to 20 MHz
RF:15 MHz to 3 GHz(WCA230A)
RF1:15 MHz to 3.5 GHz (WCA280A)
RF2:3.5 GHz to 6.5 GHz (WCA280A)
RF3:5 GHz to 8 GHz(WCA280A)
Operating and nonoperating20 to 80% (no condensation), maximum wetĆbulb temperature 29 _C
Altitude
OperatingUp to 3000 m (10000 ft)
NonoperatingUp to 12000 m (40000 ft)
Vibration
Operating2.65 m/s2rms (0.27 G rms), 5 to 500 Hz
Nonoperating22.3 m/s2rms (2.28 G rms), 5 to 500 Hz
Shock
Nonoperating196 m/s2(20 G), halfĆsine, 11 ms duration
Three shocks in each direction along each major axis, total of 18 shocks
Cooling clearance
Bottom20 mm (0.79 in)
Both sides50 mm (1.97 in)
Rear50 mm (1.97 in)
1-22
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Specifications
Table 1-23: Certifications and compliances
CharacteristicDescription
EC Declaration of Conformity - EMCMeets intent of Directive 89/336/EEC for Electromagnetic Compatibility. Compliance
was demonstrated to the following specifications as listed in the Official Journal of the
European Communities:
EN 61326EMC requirements for Class A electrical equipment for
measurement, control and laboratory use.
IEC 61000-4-2Electrostatic discharge immunity
(Performance criterion B)
IEC 61000-4-3RF electromagnetic field immunity
(Performance criterion A)
IEC 61000-4-4Electrical fast transient / burst immunity
(Performance criterion B)
IEC 61000-4-5Power line surge immunity
(Performance criterion B)
IEC 61000-4-6Conducted RF immunity
(Performance criterion A)
IEC 61000-4-11Voltage dips and interruptions immunity
(Performance criterion B)
EN 61000-3-2AC power line harmonic emissions
Australia/New Zealand Declaration of
Conformity - EMC
EC Declaration of Conformity - Low VoltageCompliance was demonstrated to the following specification as listed in the Official
U.S. Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory
Listing
Canadian CertificationCAN/CSA C22.2 No. 1010.1 CSA safety requirements for electrical and electronic
Additional ComplianceANSI/ISA S82.01:1994Safety standard for electrical and electronic test,
Complies with EMC provision of Radiocommunications Act per the following
standard(s):
AS/NZS 2064.1/2Industrial, Scientific, and Medical Equipment: 1992
Journal of the European Union:
Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC, amended by 93/69/EEC
EN 61010Ć1:1993Safety requirements for electrical equipment for
measurement control and laboratory use.
UL3111Ć1Standard for electrical measuring and test equipment.
measuring and test equipment.
measuring, controlling, and related equipment.
1
IEC61010Ć1Safety requirements for electrical equipment for
measurement, control, and laboratory use.
1
Emissions which exceed the levels required by this standard may occur when this equipment is connected to a test
object.
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
1-23
Specifications
Table 1-23: Certifications and compliances (Cont.)
CharacteristicDescription
Installation (Overvoltage) CategoryTerminals on this product may have different installation (overvoltage) category
designations. The installation categories are:
CAT IIIDistributionĆlevel mains (usually permanently connected). Equipment at this
level is typically in a fixed industrial location.
CAT IILocalĆlevel mains (wall sockets). Equipment at this level includes
appliances, portable tools, and similar products. Equipment is usually
cordĆconnected.
CAT ISecondary (signal level) or battery operated circuits of electronic equipment.
Pollution Degree DescriptionsA measure of the contaminates that could occur in the environment around and within
a product. Typically the internal environment inside a product is considered to be the
same as the external. Products should be used only in the environment for which they
are rated.
Pollution Degree 1No pollution or only dry, nonconductive pollution occurs.
Products in this category are generally encapsulated,
hermetically sealed, or located in clean rooms.
Pollution Degree 2Normally only dry, nonconductive pollution occurs.
Occasionally a temporary conductivity that is caused by
condensation must be expected. This location is a
typical office/home environment. Temporary
condensation occurs only when the product is out of
service.
Pollution Degree 3Conductive pollution, or dry, nonconductive pollution that
becomes conductive due to condensation. These are
sheltered locations where neither temperature nor
humidity is controlled. The area is protected from direct
sunshine, rain, or direct wind.
Pollution Degree 4Pollution that generates persistent conductivity through
conductive dust, rain, or snow. Typical outdoor locations.
Safety Certification Compliance
Equipment TypeTest and measuring
Safety ClassClass 1 (as defined in IEC61010Ć1, Annex H) - grounded product
Operating Temperature Range+5 to +40 _C
Overvoltage CategoryOvervoltage Category II (as defined in IEC61010Ć1, Annex J)
Pollution DegreePollution Degree 2 (as defined in IEC61010Ć1). Note: Rated for indoor use only.
1-24
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Installation
Supplying Operating Power
AC POWER SOURCE AND CONNECTION. The analyzer operates
from a single-phase power source. It has a three-wire power cord and two-pole,
three-terminal grounding type plug. The voltage to ground (earth) from either
pole of the power source must not exceed the maximum rated operating voltage,
250 volts.
Before making connection to the power source, be sure the analyzer has a
suitable two-pole, three-terminal grounding-type plug.
GROUNDING. This instrument is safety Class 1 equipment (IEC designation).
All accessible conductive parts are directly connected through the grounding
conductor of the power cord to the grounded (earthing) contact of the power
plug.
The power input plug must be inserted only in a mating receptacle
with a grounding contact where earth ground has been verified by a qualified
service person. Do not defeat the grounding connection. Any interruption of the
grounding connection can create an electric shock hazard.
Power Cord Information
For electric shock protection, the grounding connection must be made before
making connection to the instrument’s input or output terminals.
A power cord with the appropriate plug configuration is supplied with each
analyzer. Table 2–1 gives the color-coding of the conductors in the power cord. If
you require a power cord other than the one supplied, refer to Table 2–2, Power
Cord Identification.
Table 2-1: PowerĆcord conductor identification
ConductorColorAlternate color
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
2-1
Installation
Table 2-2: Power cord identification
Plug configurationNormal usageOption number
North America
120 V
Universal Euro
230 V
United Kingdom
230 V
Australia
240 V
North America
240 V
Switzerland
220 V
A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
2-2
Operating Voltage
Japan
100 V
China
240 V
No power cord supplied.A99
This analyzer operates with any line voltage from 90–250 VAC
A6
A10
with any line
RMS
frequency from 47–63 Hz. Before plugging the cord in the outlet, be sure that the
power supply voltage is proper.
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Operating Environment
Installation
The following environmental requirements are provided to ensure proper
operation and long instrument life.
Operating Temperature
Ventilation Requirements
Operate the analyzer where the ambient air temperature is from +10 C to
+40 C with no diskette in the floppy drive. Store the analyzer in ambient
temperatures from –20 C to +60 C with no diskette in the floppy drive. After
storage at temperatures outside the operating limits, allow the chassis to stabilize
at a safe operating temperature before applying power.
The analyzer is cooled by air drawn by external fans on the side panel. To ensure
proper cooling of the analyzer, allow at least 5 cm clearance on both sides of and
behind the analyzer. The feet on the bottom of the analyzer provide the required
clearance when set on flat surfaces. The top of the analyzer does not require
ventilation clearance.
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
2-3
Installation
Applying Power
Power on the analyzer using the following procedure:
AC Power Requirements
Connecting the Power
Cord
The analyzer operates from an AC line frequency of 47–63 Hz, over the range of
90–250 Volts, without the need for configuration, except the power cord. Refer
to page 2–2 for the power cord options.
The maximum power consumption is 350 W. Refer to Specifications for
additional information on power and environmental requirements.
Use only power cords that are approved for the country of use. Using
non-approved power cords could result in fire or shock hazard.
Plug the power cord into the AC input on the rear panel.
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Figure 2-1: AC Input (rear panel)
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Installation
Turning on the Analyzer
1. Turn on the principal power switch on the rear panel.
Figure 2-2: Principal power switch (rear panel)
When you turn on the principal power switch, a voltage is applied to the
analyzer standby circuit. Make sure the LED next to the power switch on the
front panel lights up in orange.
2. Turn on the power switch (ON/STANDBY) on the lower left of the front
panel. The LED next to the power switch changes to green.
Figure 2-3: Front panel power switch (ON/STANDBY switch)
When you turn on the analyzer, Windows 98 boots up. After several minutes,
the analyzer application starts up.
The initial screen appears as shown in Figure 2–4. The displayed spectrum
represents the noise floor of the analyzer.
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
2-5
Installation
Figure 2-4: Initial screen
If “UNCAL” is displayed on top of the screen, run the gain calibration routine
(refer to Gain Calibration on page 5–10).
Never apply signals with a combined amplitude greater than +30 dBm
to the RF INPUT connector. If you exceed this input rating, you can permanently
damage the analyzer. (The RF INPUT connector is shown in Figure 2–5.)
2-6
Figure 2-5: RF INPUT connector
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Setting Up the Stand
Installation
To set up the stand, place the analyzer on a table. Lift the front of the analyzer
and pull out the stand until it is perpendicular to the analyzer.
Figure 2-6: Setting up the stand
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
2-7
Installation
Powering Off the Analyzer
Turn off the power switch on the front panel.
CAUTION. When you power on or off the analyzer, you must use the front-panel
ON/STANDBY switch. Failure to do so may cause the operating system to shut
down improperly.
When you power on the analyzer again, wait at least 10 seconds after the last
power off.
When you press the front-panel ON/STANDBY switch, the analyzer starts a
shutdown process (including a Windows shutdown) to preserve settings and then
power off. The LED next to the power switch changes to orange. Avoid using the
rear-panel power switch or disconnecting the power cord to power off the
analyzer.
To completely remove power to the analyzer, perform the shutdown just
described, and then set the power switch on the rear panel to off.
NOTE. Turning off the front-panel ON/STANDBY switch does not shut down the
principal power supply completely. When you turn off the principal power
supply, use the principal power switch on the rear panel. Turning off the
principal power switch turns off the front-panel LED.
When you do not use the analyzer for a long time or in case of emergency, you
should unplug the power cable.
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WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Restart
Installation
When the analyzer operates abnormally, use the following procedure to turn off
the analyzer and turn it on again.
. When the analyzer operates abnormally, it will not be shut down by
turning off the front-panel power switch alone.
1. Make sure that the front-panel power switch is in the off position.
2. Turn off the principal power switch on the rear panel.
3. Wait at least 10 seconds and then turn on the principal power switch again.
4. Turn on the front-panel power switch.
When Scan Disk Appears
If the analyzer was not shut down properly, Windows Scan Disk may run when
you turn on the analyzer. When the Scan Disk screen appears, wait until the Scan
Disk is completed. If an error is detected, refer to the Windows manual for
treatment. For more information on accessing Windows on the analyzer, refer to
Using Windows 98 on page 2–48.
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
2-9
Installation
Repackaging Instructions
If you ship the analyzer, pack it in the original shipping carton and packing
material. If the original packing material is not available, package the instrument
as follows:
1. Obtain a corrugated cardboard shipping carton with inside dimensions at
2. If you are shipping the instrument to a Tektronix field office for repair, attach
3. Wrap the instrument with polyethylene sheeting or equivalent material to
4. Cushion the instrument in the shipping carton by tightly packing dunnage or
least 15 cm (6 in.) taller, wider, and deeper than the instrument. The shipping
carton must be constructed of cardboard with 170 kg (375 lb.) test strength.
a tag to the instrument showing the instrument owner and address, the name
of the person to contact about the instrument, the instrument type, and the
serial number.
protect the finish.
urethane foam on all sides between the carton and the analyzer. Allow
7.5 cm (3 in.) on all sides, top, and bottom.
Installed Options
5. Seal the shipping carton with shipping tape or an industrial stapler.
. Do not ship the instrument with a diskette inside the floppy disk drive.
When the diskette is inside the drive, the disk release button sticks out. This
makes the button more prone to damage than it would otherwise be.
Your instrument may be equipped with one or more instrument options. Except
for the line-cord options described by Table 2–2 on page 2–2, all options and
optional accessories are listed and described in Section 7, Options. For further
information and prices of instrument options, see your Tektronix Products
catalog or contact your Tektronix Field Office.
2-10
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Operating Instructions
Before performing any service, read the following operating instructions. These
instructions are at the level appropriate for servicing the analyzer. The user
manual contains more complete operating instructions. This section describes
basic procedures, such as applying power, displaying measurement results, and
powering off the analyzer, using default settings as far as possible for simplicity.
The following procedures are contained in this section:
HPreparations: Connecting devices and applying the power
HDisplaying spectrum
HUsing markers and peak search
HUsing averaging and comparison displays
HDisplaying spectrogram
HSpectrum analysis
HDigital modulation analysis
HUsing Windows 98
HShutting off the power
You must complete the installation procedures (starting on page 2–1) before
performing any of the following steps.
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
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Operating Instructions
Preparations
This tutorial uses a digitally-modulated signal. The following equipment is used
as a signal source.
2. Turn on the principal power switch (PRINCIPAL POWER SWITCH) on
the rear panel, as shown in Figure 2–8. The orange LED on the front panel
lights.
Figure 2-8: Principal power switch (rear panel)
3. Turn on the power switch (ON/STANDBY) on the front panel, as shown in
Figure 2–9.
Figure 2-9: Power switch (ON/STANDBY)
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
2-13
Operating Instructions
The initial screen shown in Figure 2–10 appears after Windows 98 starts up (the
background color is in white on this manual to make figures more viewable).
Figure 2-10: Initial screen
2-14
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Operating Instructions
Restoring Default Settings
The analyzer saves the settings when it is turned off. When you turn on the
analyzer, it starts with the settings as they were when the analyzer was shut
down.
This tutorial starts with the factory default settings. Perform the following steps
to restore the factory default settings:
1. Press the SYSTEM key.
2. Press the Reset All to Factory Defaults side key.
The instrument is now ready to take measurements.
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
2-15
Operating Instructions
Displaying Spectrum
This section describes how to set the frequency, span, and amplitude, and then
appropriately display the spectrum. Figure 2–11 shows the settings.
Figure 2-11: Frequency, span, and amplitude settings
2-16
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Operating Instructions
Setting Center Frequency
and Span
FREQUENCY/CHANNEL key
The center frequency is set to 1.5 GHz, and the span is set to 15 MHz when you
power on the analyzer. Change the settings of center frequency and span to
display the waveform around 800 MHz.
1. Press the FREQUENCY/CHANNEL key on the front panel.
The FREQUENCY/CHANNEL menu, shown in Figure 2–12, is displayed on
the right side of the screen. Notice that the Frequency menu item is available for
entering the numeric value for center frequency.
Center Freq
(Hz)
XXX
Indicates that the general purpose knob
is available
Numeric value input field
Figure 2-12: Menu items for numeric value input
You can change the value using the general purpose knob or enter the value using
the numeric value entry keypad, shown in Figure 2–13.
2. Enter the new center frequency at 800 MHz. As the interval between
1.5 GHz (current setting) and 800 MHz is wide, it is more convenient to use
the keypad here.
Press 8 0 0 MHz, in order, on the keypad.
The GHz, MHz, kHz, and Hz keys also function as the enter key. When you
press any of these keys, the numeric value you enter will be set immediately.
If you enter incorrect values, clear them using the BKSP (back space) key and
then enter the correct digit.
The spectrum waveform is displayed on the screen as shown in Figure 2–14. The
current setting is displayed on the bottom of the screen (“Center Freq (MHz):
800” in this example).
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Figure 2-14: Center frequency of 800 MHz, span of 15 MHz
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Operating Instructions
The next step is to set the span, which is currently set to 15 MHz as the default
value.
4. Turn the general purpose knob to the left to select 100k. The hardware is set
with the selected value immediately.
The spectrum waveform is displayed on the screen as shown in Figure 2–15.
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Operating Instructions
Figure 2-15: Center frequency of 800 MHz, span of 100 kHz
2-20
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Operating Instructions
Setting Up Amplitude
-100 dBm
In Figure 2–16, the vertical scale shows the spectrum view, set up for 10dB per
division. Ref level is the maximum value of the vertical axis, and it is set to
0 dBm when the analyzer is powered on. Observe the change in the waveform as
you change this setting in the following procedure:
0 dBm
Ref Level
setting
10 dB
Figure 2-16: Setting amplitude
AMPLITUDE key
1. Press the Amplitude key on the front panel.
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
2-21
Operating Instructions
The Amplitude menu is displayed on the right side of the screen. Notice that
the Ref Level item is available for entering amplitude (see Figure 2–17).
2. Observe the changes in the waveform as you turn the general purpose knob.
HAs you turn the knob to the right, the amplitude increases and waveform
shifts to a relatively lower position.
HAs you turn the knob to the left, the amplitude decreases and waveform
shifts to a relatively higher position.
In Figure 2–18, the amplitude is set to 10 dBm. When the amplitude is set to
0 dBm or higher, a blue standard line is displayed indicating 0 dBm.
3. Set the Ref Level back to 0 dBm after confirming the amplitude operation.
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Figure 2-18: Reference level of 10 dBm
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Operating Instructions
Starting and Stopping
Data Acquisition
Use the RUN/STOP key to start or stop data acquisition. There are two
acquisition modes: the continuous mode, in which data is acquired repeatedly
and the single mode, in which one waveform is acquired. You can select the
mode using the Trig menu.
By default, the analyzer is now acquiring data in the continuous mode.
1. Press the RUN/STOP key to stop data acquisition.
When acquisition stops, “PAUSE” is shown in the status indicator on screen
(see Figure 2–19).
Figure 2-19: Status indicator
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
2-23
Operating Instructions
2. Acquire data in the single mode using the following steps:
a. Press the TRIG key on the front panel.
b. Press the Repeat... side key and select Single.
c.Press the RUN/STOP key to acquire data. One waveform is acquired
and displayed every time you press the key.
3. Press the Repeat... side key again and select Continuous to return to the
continuous mode.
When acquisition starts, “READY” is displayed in the status indicator,
indicating that the analyzer is ready for trigger.
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Using Markers and Peak Search
The markers are used to measure amplitude or frequency (and also to find the
peak signal).
One or two markers can be displayed. To measure an absolute value, only
Marker 1 is used, and that is called “single marker mode.” To measure a relative
value, Markers 1 and 2 are used, and that is called “delta marker mode.” To
position the markers, use the general purpose knob or the numeric input keypad.
Turn on Marker 1 and 2 to measure the difference in amplitude and frequency.
On the screen, the symbol “V” represents the active marker and “Z” represents
the fixed marker. You can operate only the active marker.
1. Press the MARKERS SETUP key on the front panel.
2. Press the Markers side key to select Delta. The fixed marker (Z) appears at
the left end on the waveform.
3. Make sure that 1 (Marker 1) is selected in the Select Marker menu item.
This means that Marker 1 is the active marker.
4. The Marker X Position menu item is selected. Using the general purpose
knob or the numeric input keypad, move the marker to a reference point
(see Figure 2–21).
5. Press the Select Marker side key to select 2, making Marker 2 the active
marker.
You can also select the marker using the MARKERS SELECT key on the
front panel. The MARKERS: SELECT key and the Select Marker side key
have the same function.
6. The Marker X Position menu item is selected. Using the general purpose
knob or the numeric input keypad, move the marker to a measurement point
(see Figure 2–21). The difference between the two marker positions is
indicated in the upper left part of the screen:
Select Marker
Markers
Figure 2-21: Measurement with the delta marker
7. Press the Markers side key to select Single. The analyzer returns to the
single marker mode.
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WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Operating Instructions
Searching for the Peak
Measure the frequency interval between the maximum intensity spectrum and the
peak to its left by using the delta marker and peak search functions together.
The fixed marker (Z) appears at the point that was last set.
3. Press the Select Marker side key to select 2, making Marker 2 active.
4. Press the marker right key (") to move the marker to the next signal peak to
the right. Try it several times.
5. Press the marker left key (A) to move the marker to the next signal peak to
the left. Try it several times.
6. Using the marker left or right key, position the marker to the measurement
peak.
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
2-29
Operating Instructions
The difference between the two marker positions is shown in the upper left
part of the screen (see Figure 2–22).
Figure 2-22: Searching for the peak
7. Press the Markers side key to select Off. Both markers disappear.
2-30
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Using Averaging and Comparison Displays
This section describes how to use the averaging function, which displays the
waveform with reduced noise. The averaged waveform can be displayed with the
original waveform.
Operating Instructions
Averaging
There are several averaging methods; select RMS (Root-Mean-Square) in this
example.
1. Press the TRACE/AVG key.
2. Press the Trace Type side key to select Average.
3. Press the Number of Averages side key to specify how many traces are
accumulated to create the averaged waveform.
In this example, enter 64 with the numeric keypad.
Press 6 4 ENTER in order.
4. Press the RUN/STOP key on the front panel to acquire waveform.
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
2-31
Operating Instructions
The averaged waveform is displayed on the screen. The average count is shown
in the upper right part of the screen (see Figure 2–23). When the waveform is
acquired in the free run mode, the averaging is done with exponential RMS
(root-mean-square). This method continues the average with an exponential
weighting applied to old values, using the number of averages (64 in this
example) as the weighting factor.
Figure 2-23: Comparing a new waveform with an averaged waveform
5. Press the Reset Average side key to restart averaging.
2-32
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Operating Instructions
Comparison Display
You can display two different types of traces concurrently on the screen. In this
procedure, you will display the currently acquired waveform and an averaged
waveform for comparison.
1. Press the TRACE/AVG key on the front panel.
2. Make sure that 1 (Trace 1) is selected in the Select Trace menu item.
3. Press the Trace Type... side key and select Normal to define Trace 1 as the
currently acquired waveform.
4. Press the Select Trace side key to select 2 (Trace 2).
5. Press the Trace 1 Type... side key and select Average to define Trace 2 as
the averaged waveform.
6. Press the RUN/STOP key on the front panel to acquire waveform.
The currently acquired waveform (Trace 1 in yellow) is displayed with the
averaged waveform (Trace 2 in green). See the display in Figure 2–24.
Figure 2-24: Comparison display with averaged waveform
7. Press the Trace 2 Type... side key again and select Off to remove Trace 2.
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
2-33
Operating Instructions
Displaying a Spectrogram
The spectrogram view is a useful tool to observe spectrum changes in time series
in a three-dimensional view. The horizontal and vertical axes indicate frequency
and frame number, respectively, and the color axis represents amplitude.
Display the spectrogram using the following steps:
1. Press the MODE: S/A key.
2. Press the Spectrum Analyzer with Spectrogram side key.
3. If no waveform is displayed, press the RUN/STOP key to acquire data.
The spectrum and spectrogram are displayed concurrently (see Figure 2–25).
2-34
Figure 2-25: Concurrent display of spectrum and spectrogram
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
4. Display the spectrum and spectrogram side-by-side:
a. Press theVIEW: DEFINE key.
b. Press the View Orientation side key to select Tall.
Operating Instructions
Figure 2-26: Tall display of spectrum and spectrogram
c.Press the View Orientation side key to select Wide.
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
2-35
Operating Instructions
5. Display spectrogram only:
a. Press theVIEW: SELECT key and then select the spectrogram on the
display.
The selected view is framed in white on screen.
VIEW: SELECT key
Selects a view to operate.
(The selected view is surrounded by a white frame)
b. Press the VIEW: DEFINE key and then press the Show Views side key
to select Single.
The new frame is displayed in
order from the bottom.
Amplitude is represented in color.
Default scale is from
Red (0dBm) to Blue (-100dBm).
Only the spectrogram is displayed (see Figure 2–27).
Frequency
Figure 2-27: Spectrogram view
2-36
c.Press the Show Views side key again to return to Multi.
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Spectrum Analysis
Operating Instructions
There are several items in the spectrum analysis, such as ACPR (Adjacent
Channel Leak Power Ratio), C/N (Carrier vs. Noise Power Ratio), and OBW
(Occupied Band Width). These items enable you to perform measurements using
simple key operations. Channel power and carrier frequency are measured as
examples.
Measuring Channel Power
1. Press the MEASURE key on the front panel.
Measurement items are displayed in the menu on the right side of the screen.
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
2-37
Operating Instructions
2. Press the Channel Power side key.
A band power marker, indicating measurement range, is displayed on the
spectrum waveform. The measurement result is displayed below the
waveform (see Figure 2–28).
Figure 2-28: Channel power measurement
2-38
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Operating Instructions
Changing a Measurement
Parameter
Change a measurement parameter:
1. Press the MEAS SETUP key on the front panel.
2. The Channel Bandwidth menu item is selected. Using the general purpose
knob, set the measurement range to 40 kHz for example. See the display in
Figure 2–29.
Channel Bandwidth
Figure 2-29: Channel power measurement (Channel Bandwidth = 40 kHz)
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
2-39
Operating Instructions
Measuring Carrier
Frequency
Carrier frequency can be measured accurately, using the counter function:
1. Press the MEASURE key on the front panel.
2. Press the Carrier Frequency side key.
The measurement result is displayed at the bottom of the screen
(see Figure 2–30).
Figure 2-30: Carrier frequency measurement
2-40
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Modulation Analysis
Operating Instructions
This section describes how to analyze a digitally-modulated signal. Settings are
the same as those in the previous section; center frequency at 800 MHz, span of
100 kHz, and amplitude of 0 dBm.
Selecting Analysis Mode
The analyzer functions are classified into three functional groups, selected using
the Mode keys (see Figure 2–31):
HSpectrum analysisMODE: S/A
Performs general spectrum analysis. All operations in the tutorial up to this
point have been performed in this mode.
HModulation analysisMODE: DEMOD
Performs analog and digital modulation analysis.
HTime analysisMODE: TIME
Performs time characteristic analysis, including CCDF measurement.
Figure 2-31: MODE keys
The measurement procedures for modulation analysis and the time analysis are
similar. Select the digital modulation analysis:
1. Press the DEMOD key on the front panel.
2. Press the Measurement Set side key to select Digital.
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
2-41
Operating Instructions
Selecting a Measurement
Item
Observe IQ level change in time series as an example.
1. Press the IQ/Frequency vs. Time side key.
2. Press the MEAS SETUP key on the front panel to set the measurement
parameter.
3. Because this tutorial uses the PDC modulation signal, press the Parame-
ter Presets... side key and select PDC.
4. Press the RUN/STOP key to acquire the signal (see Figure 2–32).
Three views are displayed on the screen in the Demod mode:
HOverview: All data of the specified block are displayed in the time
domain. The measurement range indicated by the green underline is
specified in this view.
HMain view: Displays the measurement result and waveform of the range
specified in the overview (they may be displayed in separate views). In
this case, level changes of I and Q signals are displayed as the yellow
and green traces, respectively, in the main view.
HSubview: Spectrum is displayed as an auxiliary view by default. You can
specify the range in the overview to create the spectrum for the subview.
Set an analysis range, which will be displayed with a green underline in the
overview.
1. Press the TIMING key on the front panel.
Two vertical green lines appear, indicating the analysis range, shown in
Figure 2–33.
2. Press the Acquisition History side key to specify the number of the block to
be analyzed. Leave it at “0” (the latest block), its default value.
3. Press the Analysis Length side key and specify the time length of the
analysis range. For example, enter 8 ms using the numeric keypad.
4. Press the Analysis Offset side key and specify the starting point of the
range. For example, enter 3 ms using the numeric keypad.
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
2-43
Operating Instructions
Two green vertical lines represent
an analysis range.
The main view shows the waveform and
measurement result for the analysis range.
TIMING menu
Acquisition History
Specifies the number of the block to
be analyzed.
Analysis Length
Specifies the time length of the
analysis range.
Analysis Offset
Specifies the start point of the
analysis range.
Figure 2-33: Analysis range settings
Setting the Acquisition
Length
One frame consists of 1024 data points and one block consists of several frames.
Data are acquired in block units in the Demod mode. The number of frames in
one block is referred to as block size. Frame and block size are shown in
Figure 2–34.
Figure 2-34: Frame and block
1024 data points
...
Frame 0
Frame 1
Frame 2
Frame 3
Frame N-1
1 block (=N frames)
2-44
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Operating Instructions
Suppose that one block contains N frames. The acquisition length for a block is
calculated using this equation:
One block acquisition length is set using Acquisition Length in the Timing
menu. One frame acquisition length is set internally, depending on span, and
displayed in Spectrum Length in the Timing menu.
To set the acquisition length, perform the following steps:
1. Press the TIMING key on the front panel.
By default, Acquisition Length is set to 12.8 ms and Spectrum Length
6.4 ms. The number of frames in a block is 12.86.4=2.
2. Press the Acquisition Length side key to change the value.
For example, set 64 ms by turning the knob (see Figure 2–35).
10 frames
(10240 points)
Figure 2-35: Changing the acquisition length
In this case, Acquisition Length is 64 ms and Spectrum Length 6.4 ms, so the
data is displayed in the overview for 646.4=10 frames (10240 points). The
green underline indicating the analysis range gets narrower than the previous
setting: one block = 2 frames.
Acquisition Length
Sets the time length to
acquire one block.
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
2-45
Operating Instructions
Displaying Single View
and Changing Scale
Although three views are normally displayed in the Demod mode, you can select
one view to display full screen. This section describes how to display one view
and change the vertical and horizontal scales using the VIEW keys.
3. Press the VIEW: SELECT key to select the main view.
The selected view is surrounded with a white frame.
4. Press the DEFINE key, and then the Show Views side key, shown in
Figure 2–36, to select Single.
Only the main view is displayed, with the size enlarged on the screen.
5. Change the scale:
a. Stop data acquisition using the RUN/STOP key.
b. Press the SCALE key in the VIEW area.
c.Press the Horizontal Scale side key and change the scale of the
horizontal axis (see Figure 2–37). Try several settings by turning the
general purpose knob; observe the changes in the display.
d. Press the Vertical Scale side key and change the vertical axis scale. Try
several settings by turning the knob; observe the changes in the display.
Completing the
Measurement
Figure 2-37: Scale settings
Complete the measurement with the following procedure:
1. Press the MEASURE key on the front panel.
2. Press the Measurement Off side key.
The display returns to the spectrum view. However, the analysis mode is still
in the Demod mode.
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
2-47
Operating Instructions
Using Windows 98
This analyzer operates under Windows 98. You can switch to a Windows 98
desktop screen or execute a Windows 98 application program.
Connecting a Mouse and a
Keyboard
Connect a USB mouse and a USB keyboard to the USB ports on the side panel.
You can connect them to either or both ports. You can also connect the mouse to
the USB port on the keyboard.
Figure 2-38: USB ports (side panel)
2-48
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Operating Instructions
Displaying Windows 98
Desktop
Returning to the Analyzer
View
Display the Windows 98 desktop on screen of the analyzer with these steps.
1. With the mouse, move the pointer to the bottom of screen.
The task bar appears.
2. Place the pointer on the icon indicating the analyzer model name
(WCA230A or WCA280A) located on the task bar, and click on it with the
right button of the mouse. A menu opens.
3. Select Close from the menu.
The analyzer system program stops, and the Windows 98 desktop displays.
To switch from the Windows desktop screen to the analyzer display, from the
task bar, select Start→Program→WCA200A. The analyzer program starts.
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
2-49
Operating Instructions
Turning Off the Power
When you have completed the measurements, turn off the power:
1. Press the ON/STANDBY switch at the lower left of the front panel.
The shutdown process of Windows 98 runs and the power source goes to
standby state, with the orange LED on.
2. Turn off the signal generator.
You have now completed the tutorial.
2-50
WCA230A & WCA280A Service Manual
Theory of Operation
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