Tektronix Using Keithley DriverLINX with KPCMCIA Analog Input Boards (1.5MB) User manual
Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series
Using DriverLINX with Your
Hardware
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Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series: Using DriverLINX with Your Hardware
Copyright 1998, 2001, Scientific Software Tools, Inc.
All rights reserved.
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2
Contents
Preface 5
Software License and Software Disclaimer of Warranty............................................................5
About DriverLINX.....................................................................................................................7
About This User’s Guide...........................................................................................................7
Conventions Used in This Manual.............................................................................................8
Configuring the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series 9
Introduction................................................................................................................................9
Configure DriverLINX Device Dialog.......................................................................................9
Using the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series with DriverLINX 19
Introduction..............................................................................................................................19
DriverLINX Hardware Model for KPCMCIA AI/AO Series ..................................................19
Connecting Signals to the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series...............................................................24
Device Subsystem....................................................................................................................26
Analog Input Subsystem ..........................................................................................................27
Device Subsystem Page.............................................................................................11
Analog Input Subsystem Page ...................................................................................14
Analog Output Subsystem Page.................................................................................15
Digital Input Subsystem Page....................................................................................16
Digital Output Subsystem Page .................................................................................17
Counter/Timer Subsystem Page .................................................................................18
DriverLINX Subsystems............................................................................................19
DriverLINX Modes ...................................................................................................20
DriverLINX Operations and Events..........................................................................21
Logical Channels.......................................................................................................23
Buffers.......................................................................................................................23
Analog Input Subsystem Signals................................................................................24
Analog Output Subsystem Signals.............................................................................24
Digital Input Subsystem Signals................................................................................25
Digital Output Subsystem Signals..............................................................................25
Counter/Timer Subsystem Signals.............................................................................25
Device Modes............................................................................................................26
Device Operations .....................................................................................................26
Analog Input Modes..................................................................................................27
Analog Input Operations............................................................................................27
Analog Input Timing Events......................................................................................27
Analog Input Start Events..........................................................................................34
Analog Input Stop Events..........................................................................................37
Analog Input Channels...............................................................................................39
Analog Input Expansion Channels.............................................................................42
Analog Input Buffers .................................................................................................44
Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series Contents • 3
Analog Input Data Coding.........................................................................................44
Analog Input Messages..............................................................................................46
Analog Output Subsystem........................................................................................................47
Analog Output Modes................................................................................................47
Analog Output Operations.........................................................................................47
Analog Output Timing Events...................................................................................47
Analog Output Start Events ....................................................................................... 50
Analog Output Stop Events........................................................................................51
Analog Output Channels............................................................................................51
Analog Output Buffers...............................................................................................54
Analog Output Data Coding.......................................................................................55
Analog Output Messages ...........................................................................................55
Digital Input Subsystem...........................................................................................................56
Digital Input Modes...................................................................................................56
Digital Input Operations.............................................................................................56
Digital Input Timing Events.......................................................................................56
Digital Input Start Events...........................................................................................58
Digital Input Stop Events...........................................................................................58
Digital Input Channels...............................................................................................59
Digital Input Buffers..................................................................................................60
Digital Input Messages...............................................................................................61
Digital Output Subsystem.........................................................................................................62
Digital Output Modes ................................................................................................62
Digital Output Operations..........................................................................................62
Digital Output Timing Events....................................................................................62
Digital Output Start Events........................................................................................64
Digital Output Stop Events........................................................................................64
Digital Output Channels.............................................................................................65
Digital Output Buffers...............................................................................................66
Digital Output Messages............................................................................................67
Counter/Timer Subsystem........................................................................................................68
Uninstalling DriverLINX 73
How do I uninstall DriverLINX? .............................................................................................73
Troubleshooting 79
Solving Problems.....................................................................................................................79
Solving Problems Installing Drivers..........................................................................79
Solving Problems Configuring the Drivers................................................................79
Solving Problems Loading Drivers............................................................................79
Generating a DriverLINX Configuration Report......................................................................83
What is in the Report?................................................................................................83
How do I Generate the Report?..................................................................................83
Glossary of Terms 84
4 • Contents Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series
Preface
Software License and Software Disclaimer of Warranty
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Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series Preface • 5
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6 • Preface Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series
About DriverLINX
Welcome to DriverLINX for Microsoft Windows, the high-performance realtime data-acquisition device drivers for Windows application development.
DriverLINX is a language- and hardware-indepe ndent applic ation programming
interface designed to support hardware manufacturers’ high-speed analog, digital,
and counter/timer data-acquisition boards in Windows. DriverLINX is a multi-user
and multitasking data-acquisition resource manager providing more than 100 services
for foreground and background data acquisition tasks.
Included with your DriverLINX package are the following items:
• The DriverLINX API DLLs and drivers supporting your data-
acquisition hardware
• Learn DriverLINX, an interactive learning and demonstration program
for DriverLINX that includes a Digital Storage Oscilloscope
• Source code for the sample programs
• The DriverLINX Application Programming Interface files for your
compiler
• DriverLINX On-line Help System
• DriverLINX Analog I/O Programming Guide
• DriverLINX Technical Reference Manual
• Supplemental Documentation on DriverLINX and your data acquisition
hardware
About This User’s Guide
The purpose of this manual is to help you quickly learn how to configure and use t he
hardware features of Keithley’s KPCMCIA AI/AO Series cards with DriverLINX.
• For help insta l ling and configuring your hardware and DriverLINX,
please see the manual that accompanied your hardware.
• For more information on the DriverLINX API, please see the
DriverLINX Technical Reference Manual.
• For additional help programming your board, please examine the source
code examples on the Distribution Disks.
This manual contains the following chapters:
Configuring the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series
Shows how to configure the KP CMCIA AI/AO Series using the Configure
DriverLINX Device dialog box.
Using the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series with DriverLINX
Shows how to set up DriverLINX with the Edit Service Request dialog box to use
KPCMCIA AI/AO Series hardware features.
Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series Preface • 7
Conventions Used in This Manual
The following notational conventions are used in this manual:
• Itemized lists are identified by a round bullet (•).
• Numbered lists indicate a step-by-step procedure.
• DriverLINX Application Programming Interface and Windows macro
and function names are set in bold when mentioned in the text.
• DriverLINX indicates the exported function name of the device driver
DLL while DriverLINX indicates the product as a whole.
• DriverLINX Application Programming Interface identifiers, menu
items, and Dialog Box names are italicized when mentioned in the text.
• Italics are used for emphasis.
• Source code and data structure examples are displayed in Courier
typeface and bounded by a box with a single line.
Code
• Tables of information are bounded by a box with a double line.
Tables
Concept
• Important concepts and notes are printed in the left margin.
8 • Preface Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series
Configuring the KPCMCIA AI/AO
Series
Introduction
This manual explains the steps and special features that apply to installing and
configuring Keithley’s KPCMCIA AI/AO Series cards.
Installing and configuring DriverLINX for the Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series
cards requires three steps:
1. To install your KPCMCIA AI/AO hardware, read and follow the
instructions in the hardware manual.
2. To install DriverLINX, follow the general procedure outlined in the
“Read Me First” material on the installation CD.
3. To configure DriverLINX, use the DriverLINX Configuration Panel.
Also see “Configure DriverLINX Device Dialog” on page 9 for
configuration options specific to a Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series
model.
Configure DriverLINX Device Dialog
DriverLINX uses a standardized configuration protocol for all data-acquisition
hardware. Even though Windows 95/98/Me automatically selects the hardware base
address and interrupt channel for the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series, you must still follow
the configuration process to assign a DriverLINX Logical Device number to a
specific KPCMCIA AI/AO Series model in your computer.
When you activate the S
DriverLINX displays the Configure DriverLINX Device dialog. The following
sections describe your choices for configuring DriverLINX to work with a Keithley
KPCMCIA AI/AO Series mode l.
etup… button in the DriverLINX Configuration Panel,
Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series Configuring the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series • 9
10 • Configuring the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series
Device Subsystem Page
Note: The Configure DriverLINX Device dialog appears differently under different versions of
Windows.
Use the Device subsystem page to tell DriverLINX the model name, address and,
optionally, the expansion accessories connected to your KPCMCIA AI/AO Series
card.
Vendor
Windows 95/98/Me/2000
The Vendor property displays “Keithley Instruments, Inc.”. It is a read-only property.
Device
The Device property designates the Logical Device you are configuring. It is a readonly property. To change it, first save (OK) or quit (Cancel) the current
configuration. Then select or create a new Logical Device using the DriverLINX
Configuration Panel.
Model
The Model property selects the hardware model of the card you’re configuring.
All cards in this series support differential analog input with half the number of
single-ended channels. The AIAO cards support two 12-bit analog output channels.
All cards support four digital input and four digital output channels.
For Windows 95/98/Me/2000, Model is a read-only property—DriverLINX selects
the next unconfigured card. To configure a different card, first save (OK) the current
configuration. Then insert the appropriate card and select or create a new Logical
Device using the DriverLINX Configuration Panel.
Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series Configuring the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series • 11
Windows NT
For Windows NT, select one of the following models:
Model Resolution AI Channels AO Channels
KPCMCIA-12AI 12 bits 16
KPCMCIA-12AIH 12 bits 16
KPCMCIA-12AIAO 12 bits 8 2
KPCMCIA-12AIAOH 12 bits 8 2
KPCMCIA-16AI 16 bits 16
KPCMCIA-16AIAO 16 bits 8 2
Address
Windows 95/98/Me/2000
Windows NT
Windows automatically selects an appropriate address and ignores this property.
The A
ddress property selects the I/O port address for the card. The default address
used by DriverLINX is 768 decimal or 0x300 hex. If you have another peripheral
card at the same address, you will have to select a free range of 8 or 16 addresses
(depending on the model).
Detect
The Detect property enables and disables DriverLINX’s hardware detection and
testing algorithms. For maximum system reliability, always leave this check box
marked.
Calibrate
The Calibrate property enables and disables hardware auto-calibration. For best
accuracy, always leave this check box marked.
Special…
The Special… button displays the following dialog box of KPCMCIA AI/AOspecific confi guration options:
12 • Configuring the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series
This dialog allows you to configure an EXP-1600 multiplexer for use with the
KPCMCIA’s analog input channels.
Note: Using an EXP-1600 multiplexer requires configuring the base channels as
single-ended.
• Enable expansion mode
Enable expansion mode to allow the KPCMCIA hardware to use an EXP-
1600 multiplexer. Note: you can disable expansion mode without losing
existing gain settings.
• Enable static configuration
Static configuration allows you to record the gain selections for each EXP-
1600 attached to an analog input channel. DriverLINX can then use this
information to correctly convert A/D codes to volts. With static
configuration disabled, you must perform gain correct ion in your
application. Whereas, with static configuration enabled, DriverLINX
will check that you have specified a valid total gain for each channel in
your service request and apply the total gain when converting data for
your application.
For example, if the card’s base gain settings are 1,2,4,8 and an attached
multiplexer has gain of 100, then the valid selections for total gain on
the corresponding channels are 100,200,400,800
• EXP-1600 Static Configuration
DriverLINX records gain selections for an EXP-1600 attached to each base
channel. Select an EXP-1600 in the list to change its gain using the
Gain and Factor sliders.
• Gain
For the highlighted EXP-1600 in the list, record the setting of the Gain-set
DIP switch S4.
• Factor
For the highlighted EXP-1600 in the list, record the position of the Gain-
multiplier slide switch S2.
Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series Configuring the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series • 13
Analog Input Subsystem Page
Use the Analog Input subsystem page to tell DriverLINX if you’ll be using singleended or differential input connections.
Channels
The Channels property allows you to select either single-ended or differential analog
input connections.
• For 16 channel models, select either “16 single-ended” or “8
differential” channels.
Windows 95/98/Me/2000
Windows NT
• For 8 channel models, select either “8 single-ended” or “4 differential”
channels.
Range
The full-scale maximum analog input range for the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series is fully
software programmable. DriverLINX disables this property.
Interrupt
For Windows 95/98/Me/2000, the operating system automatically determines the
interrupt channel for the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series card. DriverLINX disables this
property.
For Windows NT, select a free interrupt request level to support interrupt mode
transfers. Valid IRQ levels are: 1 - 15.
DMA level
The KPCMCIA AI/AO Series does not use system DMA channels. DriverLINX
disables this property.
14 • Configuring the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series
Analog Output Subsystem Page
Use the Analog Output subsystem page to change the default D/A initialization
voltages.
Channels
The Channels property allows you to select either D/A Logical Channel (0 or 1) for
individual configuration of its initialization voltage.
Range
The full-scale analog output range for the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series is fixed at ±5
volts. DriverLINX disables this property.
Interrupt
The KPCMCIA AI/AO Series uses the same interrupt for analog output as for analog
input. Go to the Analog Input page to set it. DriverLINX disables this property and
displays it as blank.
DMA level
The KPCMCIA AI/AO Series does not use system DMA channels. DriverLINX
disables this property.
Volts
The Volts property allows you to specify a custom output voltage for each DAC that
DriverLINX uses when it initializes the hardware. DriverLINX’s default initialization
value is zero volts. DriverLINX ignores this property unless you also check the
In
itialize property.
Initialize
Checking the Initialize check box instructs DriverLINX to use the Volts property,
rather than the default value, for analog output initialization. The KPCMCIA AI/AO
Series does not support this feature.
Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series Configuring the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series • 15
For the KPCMCIA AI/AO
Series, there are no
configurable options for the
Digital Input subsystem.
Calibrate
The Calibrate property enables and disables hardware auto-calibration. DriverLINX
disables this property as the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series DACs don’t support autocalibration.
Digital Input Subsystem Page
Channels
The Channels property allows you to select a Logical Channel for configuration or
viewing the channel’s range. The KPCMCIA AI/AO Series digital input channels
have fixed confi gurations.
DriverLINX defines the following Logical Channels for the KPCMCIA AI/AO
Series digital inputs:
Logical Channel DriverLINX Function KPCMCIA AI/AO Series
External Connector
0 Standard Digital Input Digital input lines (DI 0 … DI 3)
1 External Clock DI 2 / ExtClk
2 External Trigger, External
Clock
DI 0 / Ext. Trigger
Range
The Range property specifies the supported digital input range for the selected
Logical Channel. This is a read-only property.
Interrupt
The KPCMCIA AI/AO Series uses the same interrupt for digital input as for analog
input. Go to the Analog Input page to set it. DriverLINX disables this property and
displays it as blank.
16 • Configuring the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series
DMA level
The KPCMCIA AI/AO Series does not use system DMA channels. DriverLINX
disables this property and displays it as blank.
Configuration Setup
The Configuration Setup property specifies the hardware configuration of the digital
I/O ports. The KPCMCIA AI/AO Series has a fixed digital I/O configuration.
Therefore, DriverLINX disables this field.
Initialize
Checking the Initialize check box instructs DriverLINX to use the Configuration
S
etup property to configure the digital I/O ports. The KPCMCIA AI/AO Series has a
fixed digital I/O configuration. Therefore, DriverLINX disables this field.
Digital Output Subsystem Page
Use the Digital Output subsystem page to change the default digital output port
initialization values.
Channels
The Channels property allows you to select a Logical Channel for initialization or
viewing the channel’s range. KPCMCIA AI/AO Series cards only have a single
digital output channel.
Range
The Range property specifies the supported digital output range for the selected
Logical Channel. This is a read-only property.
Interrupt
The KPCMCIA AI/AO Series uses the same interrupt for digital output as for analog
input. Go to the Analog Input page to set it. DriverLINX disables this property and
displays it as blank.
Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series Configuring the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series • 17
DMA level
The KPCMCIA AI/AO Series does not use system DMA channels. DriverLINX
disables this property and displays it as blank.
Initialization Value
The Initialization Value property specifies the digital output value DriverLINX will
write to the selected Logical Channel on hardware initialization. DriverLINX only
writes this value if you enable the In
the hardware-defined initialization values if the In
For the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series, the default digital output value is zero.
itialize check box. By default, DriverLINX uses
itialize check box is not checked.
Initialize
Checking the Initialize check box instructs DriverLINX to use the Initialization
V
alue property, rather than the default value, for digital output port initialization.
Dec
This check box converts the Initialization Value property to decimal.
Hex
This check box converts the Initialization Value property to hexadecimal.
For the KPCMCIA AI/AO
Series, there are no
configurable options on the
Counter/Timer subsystem
page.
Counter/Timer Subsystem Page
Resolution
The Resolution property specifies the clock frequency of the master oscillator. All
models have a 5 MHz clock source for pacing analog input. Models 12AIAO,
12AIAOH and 16AIAO also have a 1 MHz clock source for pacing analog output.
Interrupt
The KPCMCIA AI/AO Series does not support interrupts from counter/timers.
DriverLINX disables this property and displays it as blank.
18 • Configuring the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series
Using the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series
with DriverLINX
Introduction
This chapter shows you how to set up and use KPCMCIA AI/AO Series hardware
features with DriverLINX. The descriptions here use the Edit Service Request dialogs
for language and API independe nce. For the correct syntax with the language you’re
using, please see the DriverLINX Technical Reference Manuals. For DriverLINX
examples in your programming language, please see the source code examples in the
subdirectories of your DriverLINX installation directory or on the original
Distribution Media.
DriverLINX Hardware Model for KPCMCIA AI/AO Series
By design DriverLINX provides a portable, hardware-independent API for dataacquisition boards while still allowing applications to access unique or proprietary
hardware features of specific products. To achieve this goal, DriverLINX maps a
hardware-independent, or abstract, data-acquisition model onto KPCMCIA AI/AO
Series hardware capabilities.
The following sections describe how DriverLINX implements KPCMCIA AI/AO
Series hardware features as Subsystems, Modes, Operations, Events, Logical
Channels, Buffers, and Messages.
DriverLINX Subsystems
The KPCMCIA AI/AO Series supports all six of DriverLINX’s subsystems:
1. Device—refers to a KPCMCIA AI/AO model as a whole.
2. Analog Input—refers to the analog input channels, clocks, and control
signals, such as Ext. Trigger, ExtClk, etc.
3. Analog Output—refers to the analog output channels, clocks, and
control signals.
4. Digital Input—refers to the 4-bit digital input port as well as 1-bit
digital input (TTL) control signals, such as Ext. Trigger, etc.
Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series Using the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series with DriverLINX • 19
5. Digital Output—refers to the 4-bit digital output port.
6. Counter/Timer—refers to the Analog Input and Analog Output
subsystem-specific internal clock channels as well as a softwareimplemented system timer.
DriverLINX Modes
Applications use modes in Service Requests to advise DriverLINX on their preferred
hardware data transfer technique. The DriverLINX modes fall into two general
classes:
• Foreground or synchronous modes. The calling application doesn’t
regain control until DriverLINX completes the Service Request.
DriverLINX supports this mode for simple, single value I/O operations
or software housekeeping functions that DriverLINX can complete
without a significant delay.
• Background or asynchronous modes. The calling application regains
control as soon as DriverLINX initiates the task. The calling application
must synchronize with the data-acquisition task using status polling or
DriverLINX’s messages (preferred). DriverLINX supports this mode
for buffered data transfers or for commands that require a significant
time to complete.
DriverLINX supports three of the four modes with the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series for
its commands (Service Requests).
• Polled Mode—This is a foreground or synchronous op eration.
DriverLINX supports this mode for simple, single-value I/O operations
that the data-acquisition card can complete without significant delay.
• Interrupt Mode—T his is a background or asynchronous op eration.
DriverLINX transfers data between the computer’s memory and the
data-acquisition card using hardware interrupts and programmed I/O
transfers.
• DMA Mode—This is a backgro und or asynchronous o peration.
DriverLINX transfers data between the computer’s memory and the
data-acquisition card using memory bus transfers. The KPCMCIA
AI/AO Series does not support this transfer mode.
• Other Mode—This i s a foreground o r synchronous opera tion.
DriverLINX supports this mode for initialization, configuration,
calibration, data conversion, and timebase operations.
20 • Using the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series with DriverLINX Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series
The following table summarizes the data acquisition modes that DriverLINX
supports for each subsystem with the Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series.
Subsystem Polled Interrupt DMA Other
Analog Input
Analog Output
Digital Input
Digital Output
Counter/Timer
Device
KPCMCIA AI/AO Series Supported DriverLINX Modes
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Models KPCMCIA-12AIAO, 12AIAOH and 16AIAO only.
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DriverLINX Operations and Events
Applications construct DriverLINX data-acquisition tasks by combining a small
number of DriverLINX operations and events in many possible ways. The following
table summarizes the operations and events that DriverLINX supports for the
Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series. Latter sections for each DriverLINX subsystem
will describe the operations and events in more detail.
Note: All subsystems allow the MESSAGE operation and the Analog I/O subsystems
allow the CONVERT operation, which are not shown in the table. DriverLINX allows
any Mode setting for these operations.
Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series Using the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series with DriverLINX • 21
Subsystem Operation Events
Mode Timing Start Stop
Analog Input
Polled Start null, rate null, cmd null, TC
Interrupt Start, Stop,
Status
Other Initialize
Analog Output*
Polled Start null null, cmd null, TC
Interrupt Start, Stop,
Status
Other Initialize
Digital Input
Polled Start null null, cmd null, TC
Interrupt Start, Stop,
Status
Other Initialize
Digital Output
Polled Start null null, cmd null, TC
Interrupt Start, Stop,
Status
Other Initialize
rate, dig cmd, dig, ana* cmd, TC, ana*
rate cmd cmd, TC
rate cmd cmd, TC
rate cmd cmd, TC
Counter/Timer
Polled* Start rate null, cmd null, TC
Other Initialize
Device
Other Initialize,
Configure,
Capabilities
*
Models KPCMCIA-12AIAO, 12AIAOH and 16AIAO only.
Allowed Operations and Events for KPCMCIA AI/AO Series Subsystems and Modes
The following list explains the Event abbreviations in the preceding table:
• null—Null or None Event when a Service Request doesn’t require an
event
• cmd—Command Event when DriverLINX starts or stops a task on
software command
• TC—Terminal Count Event when DriverLINX processes all data
buffers once
• rate—Rate Event specifies how DriverLINX paces or clocks data
transfer
22 • Using the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series with DriverLINX Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series
• dig—Digital Event specifies a trigger, clock, or other control signal to
pace, start, or stop a task
• ana—Analog Event specifies an analog input signal to pace, start, or
stop a task
Logical Channels
DriverLINX designates the individually addressable hardware channels for each
subsystem as “Logical Channels”. Generally, the zero-based Logical Channel
numbering sequence c losely follows the hardware channel numbering scheme.
In some cases, however, DriverLINX assigns Logical Channel numbers to hardware
features that users don’t commonly think of as “channels”. For instance, DriverLINX
commonly models external hardware clock input lines, external hardware trigger
input lines, and external interrupt inputs as 1-bit digital Logical Channels. In other
cases, DriverLINX models subsystem-specific features, such as internal pacer clocks,
as members of a more general purpose set of counter/timer channels.
For how DriverLINX assigns Logical Channel numbers, see the notes for each
supported subsystem.
Buffers
Applications usually use data buffers to exchange data between the application and
the data-acquisition hardware. When using data buffers, please observe the following
points about DriverLINX’s data buffers:
• DriverLINX supports data-acquisition tasks with 1 to 255 data buffers
per task.
• DriverLINX imposes no size limits on a single buffer, although the
operating system or some hardware products may have size restrictions.
• User applications must allow DriverLINX to allocate all data buffers to
guarantee application portability to different hardware and operating
systems and to insure that the hardware can physically access the buffer
memory.
• User applications usually don’t have concurrent or immediate access to
the in-use data buffer while DriverLINX is executing a data-acquisition
task.
Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series Using the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series with DriverLINX • 23
Connecting Signals to the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series
The Keithley hardware manual describes the data and control signals for the
KPCMCIA AI/AO Series and the connector pinouts for these signals. This section
summarizes how DriverLINX logically numbers the I/O data signals and how
DriverLINX uses several of these control signals for external clock, trigger, and
gating inputs.
Analog Input Subsystem Signals
The Analog Input subsystem has 4, 8 or 16 analog input single-ended or differential
signal connections depending on the model and configura t ion of your KPCMCIA
AI/AO card. DriverLINX maps these signals to Logical Channels as shown in the
following table:
Number of A/D
Channels
4 Differential CH0+/CH0- – CH3+/CH3- 0–3
8 Differential CH0+/CH0- – CH7+/CH7- 0–7
8 Single-ended CH0 – CH7 0–7
16 Single-ended CH0 – CH15 0–15
How DriverLINX maps analog input hardware channels to Logical Channels
The Analog Input subsystem supports a dedicated internal pacer clock that
DriverLINX designates as Logical Channel 0 of the Counter/Timer subsystem.
The Analog Input subsystem also has several control signals that DriverLINX uses as
external clocks, gates, and triggers as shown in the following table:
Connector Name DriverLINX Usage
DI 0 / Ext. Trigger External trigger / External pacer clock
DI 2 / ExtClk External pacer clock
How DriverLINX uses analog input control signals
Connector Name Logical Channels
Analog Output Subsystem Signals
The KPCMCIA-12AIAO, 12AIAOH, and 16AIAO models have two 12-bit analog
output DACs. DriverLINX maps these signals to Logical Channels as shown in the
following table:
Number of D/A
Channels
2 D/A CH0 – D/A CH1 0 – 1
How DriverLINX maps analog output hardware channels to Logical Channels
24 • Using the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series with DriverLINX Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series
Connector Name Logical Channels
The Analog Output subsystem supports a dedicated internal pacer clock that
DriverLINX designates as Logical Channel 1 of the Counter/Timer subsystem.
Digital Input Subsystem Signals
The Digital Input subsystem has one 4-bit digital input port and several control inputs
which DriverLINX models as 1-bit logical digital input ports. DriverLINX maps
these signals to Logical Channels as shown in the following table:
Port Connector Name Logical Channels
4-bit digital input DI 0 – DI 3 0
external clock DI 2 / ExtClk 1
external trigger/
external clock
How DriverLINX maps digital input hardware channels to Logical Channels
The Digital Input subsystem doesn’t support a dedicated internal pacer clock, but
DriverLINX uses a system timer clock for low-frequency digital input pacing.
DriverLINX designates the system clock as Logical Channel 2 of the Counter/Timer
subsystem.
DI 0 / Ext. Trigger 2
Digital Output Subsystem Signals
The Digital Output subsystem has one 4-bit digital output port. DriverLINX maps
these signals to Logical Channels as shown in the following table:
Port Connector Name Logical Channels
4-bit digital output DO 0 – DO 3 0
How DriverLINX maps digital output hardware channels to Logical Channels
The Digital Output subsystem doesn’t support a dedicated internal pacer clock, but
DriverLINX uses a system timer clock for low-frequency digital output pacing.
DriverLINX designates the system clock as Logical Channel 2 of the Counter/Timer
subsystem.
Counter/Timer Subsystem Signals
The Counter/Timer subsystem has several internal hardware and system timers. All
models in the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series have a 24-bit timer for analog input. Models
KPCMCIA-12AIAO, 12AIAOH and 16AIAO also have a 16-bit timer for analog
output or event counting tasks. DriverLINX provides a system timer using software
for digital input/output. DriverLINX maps these timers to Logical Channels as shown
in the following table:
Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series Using the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series with DriverLINX • 25
Timer Connector Name Logical Channels
Analog input timer DI 0 / Ext. Trigger,
Analog output timer DI 0 / Ext. Trigger,
System timer none 2
How DriverLINX maps counter/timer hardware channels to Logical Channels
Applications generally cannot use these timers independently from their associated
analog input/output subsystem. On AIAO models only, the analog output timer can
be used for simple 16-bit continuous counting, when not in use for pace analog
output. See “Counter/Timer Subsystem” on page 68 for details.
Device Subsystem
The following sections describe how DriverLINX implements Device Subsystem
features for the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series.
Device Modes
The Device Subsystem only supports DriverLINX’s Other mode for all operations.
0
DI 2 / ExtClk, ExtGate
1
DI 2 / ExtClk, ExtGate
If another process is using the
same data-acquisition card,
DriverLINX will prevent
Device Initialization from
interfering with another
process’s data-acquisition
tasks.
Device Operations
The KPCMCIA AI/AO Series Device Subsystem supports the following DriverLINX
operations:
• Initialize—DriverLINX aborts all data-acquisition tasks for every
subsystem controlled by the current process. DriverLINX then performs
an initialization for each supported subsystem.
• Configure—DriverLINX displays the Configure DriverLINX Device
dialog for the current Logical Device. Please use the DriverLINX
Configuration Panel rather than this operation to configure
DriverLINX.
• Capabilities—DriverLINX provides hardware-specific and
configuration information in the form of a Logical Device Descriptor
database.
26 • Using the KPCMCIA AI/AO Series with DriverLINX Keithley KPCMCIA AI/AO Series
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