Keithley KPCI-3108 Series
Using DriverLINX with Your
Hardware
Information in this document is subject to change without notice. The software
described is this document is furnished under a license agreement. The software may
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Keithley KPCI-3108 Series: Using DriverLINX with Your Hardware
Copyright 1999, 2002 by Scientific Software Tools, Inc.
All rights reserved.
First Printing.
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Contents
Preface 7
Software License and Software Disclaimer of Warranty............................................................7
About DriverLINX.....................................................................................................................9
About This User’s Guide...........................................................................................................9
Conventions Used in This Manual...........................................................................................11
Configuring the KPCI-3108 Series 13
Introduction..............................................................................................................................13
Configure DriverLINX Device Dialog.....................................................................................14
Using the KPCI-3108 Series with DriverLINX 27
Introduction..............................................................................................................................27
KPCI-3108 Series Hardware Features .....................................................................................27
DriverLINX Hardware Model for KPCI-3108 Series..............................................................28
Connecting Signals to the KPCI-3108 Series...........................................................................33
Device Subsystem....................................................................................................................39
Analog Input Subsystem ..........................................................................................................40
Device Subsystem Page.............................................................................................15
Analog Input Subsystem Page ...................................................................................20
Analog Output Subsystem Page.................................................................................21
Digital Input Subsystem Page....................................................................................22
Digital Output Subsystem Page .................................................................................24
Counter/Timer Subsystem Page.................................................................................26
DriverLINX Subsystems............................................................................................28
DriverLINX Modes ...................................................................................................28
DriverLINX Operations and Events..........................................................................30
Logical Channels.......................................................................................................32
Buffers.......................................................................................................................32
Analog Input Subsystem Signals................................................................................33
Analog Output Subsystem Signals.............................................................................35
Digital Input Subsystem Signals................................................................................36
Digital Output Subsystem Signals..............................................................................37
Counter/Timer Subsystem Signals.............................................................................37
Device Modes............................................................................................................39
Device Operations .....................................................................................................39
Analog Input Modes..................................................................................................40
Analog Input Operations............................................................................................40
Analog Input Pacing, Triggering and Gating Options................................................40
Analog Input Timing Events......................................................................................42
Analog Input Start Events..........................................................................................52
Analog Input Stop Events..........................................................................................55
Analog Input Channels...............................................................................................58
Keithley KPCI-3108 Series Contents • 3
Analog Input Expansion Channels.............................................................................64
Analog Input Buffers .................................................................................................66
Analog Input Data Coding.........................................................................................67
Analog Input Messages..............................................................................................68
Analog Output Subsystem........................................................................................................69
Analog Output Modes................................................................................................69
Analog Output Operations.........................................................................................69
Analog Output Pacing, Triggering and Gating Options.............................................69
Analog Output Timing Events...................................................................................71
Analog Output Start Events .......................................................................................81
Analog Output Stop Events........................................................................................81
Analog Output Channels............................................................................................82
Analog Output Channel Gains ...................................................................................84
Analog Output Buffers...............................................................................................85
Analog Output Data Coding.......................................................................................85
Analog Output Messages ...........................................................................................87
Digital Input Subsystem...........................................................................................................88
Digital Input Modes...................................................................................................88
Digital Input Operations.............................................................................................88
Digital Input Pacing, Triggering and Gating Options................................................89
Digital Input Timing Events.......................................................................................89
Digital Input Start Events...........................................................................................93
Digital Input Stop Events...........................................................................................93
Digital Input Channels...............................................................................................94
Digital Input Buffers..................................................................................................97
Digital Input Messages...............................................................................................98
Digital Output Subsystem.........................................................................................................99
Digital Output Modes ................................................................................................99
Digital Output Operations..........................................................................................99
Digital Output Pacing, Triggering and Gating Options............................................100
Digital Output Timing Events..................................................................................100
Digital Output Start Events......................................................................................104
Digital Output Stop Events......................................................................................104
Digital Output Channels...........................................................................................104
Digital Output Buffers.............................................................................................108
Digital Output Messages..........................................................................................108
Counter/Timer Subsystem......................................................................................................110
Counter/Timer Channel Usage.................................................................................110
Clock Sources and Modes........................................................................................111
Gate Settings............................................................................................................113
Counter/Timer Tasks ...............................................................................................113
Counter/Timer Messages.........................................................................................115
Uninstalling DriverLINX 117
How do I uninstall DriverLINX? ...........................................................................................117
Troubleshooting 121
Solving Problems...................................................................................................................121
Solving Problems Recognizing and Installing Drivers.............................................121
Solving Problems Configuring the Drivers..............................................................122
Solving Problems Loading Drivers..........................................................................122
Generating a DriverLINX Configuration Report....................................................................125
What is in the Report?..............................................................................................125
4 • Contents Keithley KPCI-3108 Series
How do I Generate the Report?...............................................................................125
Glossary of Terms 126
Keithley KPCI-3108 Series Contents • 5
Preface
Software License and Software Disclaimer of Warranty
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Keithley KPCI-3108 Series Preface • 7
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8 • Preface Keithley KPCI-3108 Series
About DriverLINX
Welcome to DriverLINX for Microsoft Windows, the high-performance realtime data-acquisition device drivers for Windows application development.
DriverLINX is a language- and hardware-indepe ndent applic ation programming
interface designed to support hardware manufacturers’ high-speed analog, digital,
and counter/timer data-acquisition boards in Windows. DriverLINX is a multi-user
and multitasking data-acquisition resource manager providing more than 100 services
for foreground and background data acquisition tasks.
Included with your DriverLINX package are the following items:
• The DriverLINX API DLLs and drivers supporting your data-
acquisition hardware
• Analog I/O Panel, a DriverLINX program that verifies the installation
and configuration of DriverLINX for your analog input/output board
and demonstrates several virtual bench-top instruments
• Source code for the sample programs
• The DriverLINX Application Programming Interface files for your
compiler
• DriverLINX On-line Help System
• DriverLINX 4.0 Installation and Configuration Guide
• DriverLINX Analog I/O Programming Guide
• DriverLINX Technical Reference Manual
• Supplemental Documentation on DriverLINX and your data-acquisition
hardware
About This User’s Guide
The purpose of this manual is to help you quickly learn how to configure and use t he
hardware features of Keithley’s KPCI-3108 Series boards with DriverLINX.
• For help installing and configuring your hardware and Dr iverLINX,
please see the manual that accompanied your hardware and the
DriverLINX 4.0 Installation and Configuration Guide for your version
of Windows.
• For more information on the DriverLINX API, please see the
DriverLINX Technical Reference Manual.
• For additional help programming your board, please examine the source
code examples on the Distribution Disks.
This manual contains the following chapters:
Configuring the KPCI-3108 Series
Shows how to configure the KPCI-3108 Series using the Configure DriverLINX
Device dialog box.
Using the KPCI-3108 Series with DriverLINX
Keithley KPCI-3108 Series Preface • 9
Shows how to set up DriverLINX with the Edit Service Request dialog box to use
KPCI-3108 Series hardware features.
Uninstalling DriverLINX
Describes how to remove DriverLINX hardware drivers and other files.
Troubleshooting
Gives troubleshooting tips for installing, configur ing, and loading D riverLINX
drivers.
10 • Preface Keithley KPCI-3108 Series
Conventions Used in This Manual
The following notational conventions are used in this manual:
• A round bullet (•) identifies itemized lists.
• Numbered lists indicate a step-by-step procedure.
• DriverLINX Application Programming Interface and Windows macro
and function names are set in bold when mentioned in the text.
• DriverLINX indicates the exported function name of the device driver
DLL while DriverLINX indicates the product as a whole.
• DriverLINX Application Programming Interface identifiers, menu
items, and Dialog Box names are italicized when mentioned in the text.
• Italics are used for emphasis.
• Source code and data structure examples are displayed in Courier
typeface and bounded by a box with a single line.
Code
• A box with a double line bound tables of information.
Tables
Concept
• Important concepts and notes are printed in the left margin.
Keithley KPCI-3108 Series Preface • 11
Configuring the KPCI-3108 Series
Introduction
The installation program provides general instructions for installing and configuring
DriverLINX. This manual explains the steps and special features that apply to
Keithley’s KPCI-3108 Series boards.
Installing and configuring DriverLINX for a Keithley KPCI-3108 Series board
requires three steps:
1. Install DriverLINX. Follow the instructions given by the installation
program. The Read Me First instructions explain the components and
drivers you can install.
2. Install your KPCI-3108 hardware. Follow the instructions in your
hardware manual.
Windows NT
3. Configure DriverLINX. This creates a Logical Device, which stores
configuration information for your board. See “Configure Dri verLINX
Device Dialog” on page 14 for configuration options specific to a
Keithley KPCI-3108 Series model. Configuration is automatic under
Windows 2000/XP but you may want to customize the settings.
After installing your b oard, configuring DriverLINX, and restarting Windows (if
required), reopen the DriverLINX Configuration Panel to make sure that
DriverLINX loaded the Logical Device for your board. If the Logical Device is not
loaded, the Event Log may have a message from the driver that explains why. You
can check the Event Log using the DriverLINX Event Viewer on the Windows Start
Menu.
Under Windows NT 4.0, a Logical Device may not load because the operating
system does not always configure Plug-and-Play PCI devices properly. To work
around this, set your computer’s BIOS to configure Plug-and-Play devi ces before it
starts the operating system. On various computers the BIOS setting is called “Plugand-Play Aware OS – Disabled” or “Plug & Play OS – No”.
Keithley KPCI-3108 Series Configuring the KPCI-3108 Series • 13
Configure DriverLINX Device Dialog
DriverLINX uses a standardized configuration protocol for all data-acquisition
hardware. Configur ation assigns an identi fying device number to a specific KPCI3108 Series board in your computer and allows you to enable or disable bus
mastering.
The installation program automatically starts the DriverLINX Configuration Panel.
To start it now, use the shortcut on the Windows Start Menu.
When you click the Configure… button on the DriverLINX Configuration Panel,
DriverLINX displays the Configure DriverLINX Device dialog. The dialog has a
page for each subsystem on the Keithley KPCI-3108 Series. The following sections
describe your choices in configuring DriverLINX to work with your board.
14 • Configuring the KPCI-3108 Series Keithley KPCI-3108 Series
Device Subsystem Page
Use the Device subsystem page to tell DriverLINX the model name of, and,
optionally, the accessories connected to your KPCI-3108 Series board.
Vendor
The Vendor property displays “Keithley Instruments, Inc.” It is a read-only property.
Device
Windows NT
Windows 95/98
The Device property designates the Logical Device you are configuring. It is a readonly property. To change it, first save (OK) or quit (Cancel) the current
configuration. Then select or create a new Logical Device using the DriverLINX
Configuration Panel.
Model
The Model property selects or indicates the hardware model of the board you’re
configuring.
Select one of the following models:
KPCI-3108
KPCI-3107
Windows 95 automatically determines the model of your board so DriverLINX
disables Model selection.
Board Id
The Board Id property associates this Logical Device with a specific board.
DriverLINX automatically enters the KPCI-3108’s serial number in this field.
DriverLINX use s the board’s ser ial number to uniquely recognize boards if you have
installed multiple boards of the same model into your computer.
Windows NT
Keithley KPCI-3108 Series Configuring the KPCI-3108 Series • 15
Under Windows NT, Board Id is initially blank. DriverLINX will use the Model
setting to match this Logical Device to the first available board and then enter that
board’s serial number.
Windows 95/98
Windows 95/98 automatically determines which board to associate with this Logical
Device. DriverLINX enters the serial number of the board when it starts the
configuration.
Detect
The Detect property enables and disables DriverLINX’s hardware detection and
testing algorithms. For maximum system reliability, always leave this check-box
marked.
Calibrate
The Calibrate property enables and disables hardware auto-calibration. This option is
grayed-out for the KPCI-3108 Series because it does not support automatic
calibration.
Special…
The Special… button displays the following dialog box of KPCI-3108 Series-specific
configuration options:
Enable Bus Mastering
Bus Mastering is a mode that PCI devices use to perform DMA data transfers. The
KPCI-3108 Series can use bus mastering on motherboards that support it. With bus
mastering disabled, the board will operate in interrupt mode when the Service
Request asks for DMA mode. For maximum throughput, enable bus mastering if your
motherboard supports it.
Motherboards compliant with revision 2.1 of the PCI specification support bus
mastering. Almost all newer motherboards support bus mastering but some require
BIOS settings to enable it for a particular PCI slot. Older motherboards may not
support bus mastering at all and may cause the system to hang, risking loss of
unwritten disk data and requiring you to reboot. Consult your computer
manufacturer’s documentation to determine if your motherboard supports bus
mastering.
16 • Configuring the KPCI-3108 Series Keithley KPCI-3108 Series
To test bus-mastering, check the Enable Bus Mastering box, click OK as necessary to
exit the DriverLINX Configuration Panel and restart Windows. Close all other
applications, wait until all disk activity stops, and then run the DriverLINX AIO
Panel. If the AIO Panel can display an input signal then your motherboard is
compatible with your KPCI-3108 Series board. As long as your BIOS has enabled
bus mastering for the PCI slot your board is in, DriverLINX can use DMA mode.
Use 8254 Gate for AI
The KPCI-3108 Series supports analog input gating from two sources. The TGIN
signal directly controls the analog-to-digital converter and is programmable as active
high or low. Analog input is normally paced with the three-channel 8254
counter/timer chip. Two of the channels have an active high input available for
gating. For compatibility with other Keithley products, DriverLINX normally uses
the TGIN signa l when an applicatio n requests gating. However, you can configure
the device to use the counter/timer gate instead.
The two gate sources have the following features and advantages:
TGIN
• High or low level active
• Compatible with portable DriverLINX applications
C/T Gate
• High level active only
• TGIN pin is available for triggering with tasks that require both
triggering and gating
Digital Output OP0..4 Setup
The OP0 to OP4 pins output one of three groups of control or data signals.
DriverLINX does not automatically select a signal group but allows you to choose
which group the boa rd outputs through t hese connections.
Choose one the following groups of signals:
Group Signal Description Pin
General purpose I/O
GP0 Digital output data line OP0
GP1 Digital output data line OP1
GP2 Digital output data line OP2
GP3 Digital output data line OP3
GP4 Digital output data line OP4
Keithley KPCI-3108 Series Configuring the KPCI-3108 Series • 17
Group Signal Description Pin
SSH control/Clock output
SSHO SSH control signal OP0
CLK0 Output of 8254 clock 0 (Logical Channel 1) OP1
CLK1 Output of 8254 clock 1 (Logical Channel 2) OP2
CLK2 Output of 8254 clock 2 (Logical Channels 0 and
3)
PCLK Emits a pulse for each analog input conversion OP4
Expansion accessory control
xA0 Expansion accessory address line OP0
xA1 Expansion accessory address line OP1
xA2 Expansion accessory address line OP2
xA3 Expansion accessory address line OP3
K Expansion accessory gain control OP4
OP3
Notes:
• It is important that you correctly configure digital channel 0 so that the
attached accessories or user hardware receive the intended signals.
• Any one of the clock signals is also available from the OP5 depending
on the Trigger/Clock Output Selection.
General purpose output
The General purpose output option enables writing 5-bits of digital data to the
OP0..4 pins. DriverLINX addresses these pins as Logical Channel 0 in the Digital
Output subsystem.
To enable the KPCI-3108’s 5-bit digital output, perform the following step in the
“Digital Output OP0..4 Setup” section of the Configure KPCI-3108 Options dialog
box:
1. Click the General purpose output option
Clock Output
To enable the KPCI-3108’s three 8254 counter outputs, perform the following step in
the “Digital Output OP0..4 Setup” section of the Configure KPCI-3108 Options
dialog box:
2. Click the SSH control & CLKOUTs option
Note: Any one of the clock signals is also available from the OP5 pin depending on
the OP5 Setup.
Expansion accessory control
You can expand the number of analog input channels connected to your KPCI-3108
Series board by using one or more expansion accessories. Each expansion accessory
18 • Configuring the KPCI-3108 Series Keithley KPCI-3108 Series
is 1-to-16 multiplexer that replaces one onboard channel with sixteen expansion
channels. Configure your DriverLINX Logical Device to use the additional channels
by enabling the expansion accessory here.
To enable the KPCI-3108’s expansion accessory control signals and allow
applications to access expansion channels, perform the following steps:
1. In the “Digital Output OP0..4 Setup” section of the Configure KPCI-
3108 Options dialog box, click the Enable EXP addressing option
2. On the Analog Input Page, configure the subsystem for 16
single-ended channels
For information on programming a task to access expansion channels, see “Analog
Input Expansion Channels” on page 64.
OP5 Setup
The OP5 pin outputs one of se veral triggering and clock output signals. DriverLINX
does not automatically select an output signal but allows you to choose which signal
the board outputs through this connection.
Choose one of the following signals:
• TGOUT—Relays the TGIN signal when using external triggering or
gating, or is high during software-triggered analog input sampling
• CLK0—Output of 8254 clock 0 (Logical Channel 1)
• CLK1—Output of 8254 clock 1 (Logical Channel 2)
• CLK2—Output of 8254 clock 2 (Logical Channels 0 and 3)
• PCLK—Emits a pulse for each analog input conversion
Note: The clock signals are also available from the OP1 to OP3 pins when the
Digital Output OP0..4 Setup option is SSH control & CLKOUTs.
Keithley KPCI-3108 Series Configuring the KPCI-3108 Series • 19
Analog Input Subsystem Page
Use the Analog Input subsystem page to choose between 16 single-ended or 8
differential analog input channels as a default configuration.
Channels
On the KPCI-3108 Series, each Analog Input channel can use single-ended or
differential termination modes. When configuring the Analog Input Subsystem, you
choose a default configuration for all channels. Applications can use the default
configuration or specify the termination mode for each channel that it uses. This
scheme supports applications that use KPCI-3108-specific features as well as those
that use only generic features. For applications that do specify the termination mode,
configure the subsystem for 16 channels.
For information on programming the termination mode, see “Analog Input Channels”
on page 58.
Range
The analog input ranges for the KPCI-3108 Series are fully software programmable.
DriverLINX grays out this property in the configuration dialog.
Interrupt
Windows automatically determines the interrupt level for the KPCI-3108 Series
board. DriverLINX disables this property.
DMA
The KPCI-3108 Series does not use DMA channels for direct memory transfers. PCI
devices use bus mastering for DMA. DriverLINX initially disables bus mastering for
your KPCI-3108 Series board. See “Special…” on page 16 for more information.
Calibrate
The KPCI-3108 Series supports semi-automatic calibration only. You can start the
calibration utility from the Windows Start menu. Additionally, applications can
request automatic zero-reference adjustments (offset calibration). For more
information, see “Analog Input Zero-Reference Adjustment” on page 63.
20 • Configuring the KPCI-3108 Series Keithley KPCI-3108 Series
Analog Output Subsystem Page
Use the Analog Output subsystem page to set or view the initial output voltages.
Channels
Lists the analog output channels on the board and selects a channel for the Volts and
Initialize properties.
Range
The analog output ranges for the KPCI-3108 Series are fully software programmable.
DriverLINX grays out this property in the configuration dialog.
Volts
The Initialization Value property specifies the analog output value DriverLINX will
write to the selected Logical Channel upon hardware initialization. DriverLINX only
writes this value if you enable the In
itialize check box.
Interrupt
Windows automatically determines the interrupt level for the KPIC-3108 board.
DriverLINX disables this property.
DMA
The KPCI-3108 Series does not use DMA channels for direct memory transfers.
DriverLINX disables this property.
Initialize
Checking the Initialize check box instructs DriverLINX to use the Volts property for
to initialize the selected analog output channel.
Keithley KPCI-3108 Series Configuring the KPCI-3108 Series • 21
Digital Input Subsystem Page
Use the Digital Input subsystem page to set configurable digital channels as input or
output.
Channels
The Channels proper ty allows you to select a Lo gical Channel for configuration or
viewing the channel’s range.
The KPCI-3108 Series supports both fixed and configurable digital channels.
DriverLINX defines the following Logical Channels for the KPCI-3108 Series
Digital Input Subsystem:
Logical Channel DriverLINX Function KPCI-3108 Series External
Connector
0 Standard Digital Input IP0 … IP5
1 Digital Input/Output Bit 0 … Bit 7
2 Digital Input/Output Bit 8 … Bit 15
3 Digital Input/Output Bit 16 … Bit 23
4 Digital Input/Output Bit 24 … Bit 31
5 External Clock XPCLK
6 External Trigger TGIN
Range
The Range property specifies the supported digital input range for the selected
Logical Channel. This is a read-only property.
Interrupt
Windows automatically determines the interrupt level for the KPIC-3108 board.
DriverLINX disables this property.
DMA
The KPCI-3108 Series does not use DMA channels for direct memory transfers.
DriverLINX disables this property.
22 • Configuring the KPCI-3108 Series Keithley KPCI-3108 Series
Configuration Setup
The Configuration Setup property specifies the hardware configuration of the digital
I/O ports. Logical Channels 1 through 4 are configurable as i nput or output. Enter 1
to initially configure the selected channel as input or 0 to configure it as output.
Initialize
Checking the Initialize check box instructs DriverLINX to use the Configuration
S
etup property to configure the selected digital I/O channel.
Keithley KPCI-3108 Series Configuring the KPCI-3108 Series • 23
Digital Output Subsystem Page
Use the Digital Output subsystem page to change the default digital output port
initialization values.
Channels
The Channels property allows you to select a Logical Channel for initialization or
viewing the channel’s range.
Logical Channel DriverLINX Function KPCI-3108 Series External
Connector
0 Standard Digital Output OP0 … OP4
1 Digital Input/Output Bit 0 … Bit 7
2 Digital Input/Output Bit 8 … Bit 15
3 Digital Input/Output Bit 16 … Bit 23
4 Digital Input/Output Bit 24 … Bit 31
Note: To use Logic al Channel 0, you configure pins OP0. .4 as General purpose
output on the Special… dialog.
Range
The Range property specifies the supported digital output range for the selected
Logical Channel. This is a read-only property.
Interrupt
Windows automatically determines the interrupt level for the KPIC-3108 board.
DriverLINX disables this property.
DMA
The KPCI-3108 Series does not use DMA channels for direct memory transfers.
DriverLINX disables this property.
24 • Configuring the KPCI-3108 Series Keithley KPCI-3108 Series
Initialization Value
The Initialization Value property specifies the digital output value DriverLINX will
write to the selected Logical Channel upon hardware initialization. DriverLINX only
writes this value if you enable the In
itialize check box.
Initialize
Checking the Initialize check box instructs DriverLINX to use the Initialization
V
alue property for digital output port initialization.
Dec
This check box converts the Initialization Value property to decimal.
Hex
This check box converts the Initialization Value property to hexadecimal.
Keithley KPCI-3108 Series Configuring the KPCI-3108 Series • 25
Counter/Timer Subsystem Page
Use the Counter/Timer subsystem page to set the default clock source frequency.
Resolution
The Resolution property specifies the default clock frequency of the master
oscillator. All models have a programmable 10 MHz, 5 MHz, 1 MHz or 100 kHz
clock source for pacing input/output tasks. This setting selects the default frequency.
Applications can use the default or specify a frequency for each task.
Interrupt
Windows automatically determines the interrupt level for the KPIC-3108 board.
DriverLINX disables this property.
26 • Configuring the KPCI-3108 Series Keithley KPCI-3108 Series
Using the KPCI-3108 Series with
DriverLINX
Introduction
See the Analog I /O
Programming Guide for an
overview of DriverLINX
programming.
This chapter shows you how to set up and use KPCI-3108 Series hardware features
with DriverLINX.
The descriptions here use the Edit Service Request dialog for language and API
independence. For the corr ect syntax with the language you’re using, p lease see the
DriverLINX Technical Reference Manuals. For DriverLINX examples in your
programming language, p lease see the sourc e code examples in the subdirectories of
your DriverLINX installation directory or on the original distribution media.
KPCI-3108 Series Hardware Features
The KPCI-3108 Series offers your data-acquisition application a wide variety of
useful features. Analog inputs support mixed gains, termination modes and polarities,
as well as auto-zeroing, digital pre-, post- and about-triggering, and analog pre- and
about-triggering. Analog outputs are waveform-quality. The counter/timers are useraccessible. DriverLINX accesses these feats through its hardware independent
Applications Programming Interface (API).
The following table is a cross-reference between hardware features and the
DriverLINX features that access them.
Hardware Feature DriverLINX Feature
Calibration of each anal og input and output
range
Auto-zeroing of analog input channels Analog Input Zero-Reference Adjustment
Analog triggering Analog Stop Event (Pre- and About-
Digital triggering Digital Start Event (Post-Triggering)
DriverLINX provides a stand-alone KPCI-
3108 Calibration Utility.
Triggering)
Digital Stop Event (Pre- and AboutTriggering)
Hardware Feature DriverLINX Feature
Programmable single-ended or differential
termination modes
Programmable gains Analog Input Channel Gains
Waveform-quality analog outputs Analog Output Subsystem
User-accessible counter/timers Counter/Timer Subsystem
Analog Input Channel Termination modes
Analog Output Channel Gains
DriverLINX Hardware Model for KPCI-3108 Series
DriverLINX provides a portable, hardware-independent API for data-acquisition
boards while still allowing applications to access unique or proprietary hardware
features of specific products. To achieve this goal, DriverLINX maps a hardwareindependent, or abstract, data-acquisition model onto KPCI-3108 Series hardware
capabilities.
The following sections describe how DriverLINX implements KPCI-3108 Series
hardware features as Subsystems, Modes, Operations, Events, Logical Channels,
Buffers, and Messages.
DriverLINX Subsystems
The KPCI-3108 Series supports the following DriverLINX subsystems:
1. Device—refers to a KPCI-3108 Series board as a whole.
2. Analog Input—refers to the analog input channels, clocks, and control
signals.
3. Analog Output—refers to the analog output channels, clocks, and
control signals.
4. Digital Input—refers to the digital input port as well as 1-bit digital
input (TTL) control signals, such as TGIN.
5. Digital Output—refers to the digital output port.
6. Counter/Timer—refers to the onboard counter/timer channels for
pacing analog input/output or performing measuring and waveform
generation funct ions.
DriverLINX Modes
Applications use modes in Service Requests to advise DriverLINX on their preferred
hardware data transfer technique. The DriverLINX modes fall into two general
classes:
• Foreground or synchronous modes. The calling application doesn’t
regain control until DriverLINX completes the Service Request.
DriverLINX supports this mode for simple, single value I/O operations
or software housekeeping functions that DriverLINX can complete
without a significant delay.
28 • Using the KPCI-3108 Series with DriverLINX Keithley KPCI-3108 Series
• Background or asynchronous modes. The calling application regains
control as soon as DriverLINX initiates the task. The calling application
must synchronize with the data-acquisition task using status polling or
DriverLINX’s messages (preferred). DriverLINX supports this mode
for buffered data transfers or for commands that require a significant
time to complete.
DriverLINX supports four modes with the KPCI-3108 Series for its commands
(Service Requests).
• Polled Mode—This is a foreground or synchronous op eration.
DriverLINX supports this mode for simple, single-value I/O operations
that the data-acquisition board can complete without significant delay.
• Interrupt Mode—T his is a background or asynchronous op eration.
DriverLINX transfers data between the computer’s memory and the
data-acquisition board using hardware interrupts and programmed I/O
transfers.
• DMA Mode—This is a backgro und or asynchronous o peration.
DriverLINX programs the data-acquisition board to transfer data
between the computer’s memory and the board.
• Other Mode—This i s a foreground or synchronous operation.
DriverLINX supports this mode for initialization, configuration,
calibration, data conversion, and timebase operations.
The following table summarizes the data acquisition modes that DriverLINX
supports for each subsystem with the Keithley KPCI-3108 Series.
Subsystem Polled Interrupt DMA Other
Analog Input ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥
Analog Output ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥
Digital Input ¥ ¥
Digital Output ¥ ¥
Counter/Timer ¥ ¥
Device
KPCI-3108 Series Supported DriverLINX Modes.
¥
¥
¥
¥
DriverLINX Operations and Events
Applications construct DriverLINX data-acquisition tasks by combining a small
number of DriverLINX operations and events in many possible ways. The following
table summarizes the operations and events that DriverLINX supports for the
Keithley KPCI-3108 Series. Later sections for each DriverLINX subsystem will
describe the operations and events in more detail.
Note: In addition to the operations shown in the table below, all subsystems allow
the MESSAGE operation in any Mode.
Subsystem Operation Events
Mode Timing Start Stop
Analog Input
Polled Start null null, cmd null, TC
Interrupt Start, Stop,
Status, Convert
DMA Start, Stop,
Status, Convert
Other Initialize
Analog Output
Polled Start null null, cmd null, TC
Interrupt Start, Stop,
Status, Convert
DMA Start, Stop,
Status, Convert
Other Initialize
Digital Input
Polled Start null null, cmd null, TC
Interrupt Start, Stop,
Status
Other Initialize,
Configure
dig, rate cmd, dig cmd, TC, dig
dig, rate cmd, dig cmd, TC, ana,
dig
rate cmd cmd, TC
rate cmd cmd, TC
rate cmd cmd, TC
DIO Setup
30 • Using the KPCI-3108 Series with DriverLINX Keithley KPCI-3108 Series
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