Tektronix TPS2012 User Manual

User Manual

TPS2000 Series Digital Storage Oscilloscope

071-1441-03

www.tektronix.com

Copyright © Tektronix. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its subsidiaries or suppliers, and are protected by national copyright laws and international treaty provisions.

Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supercedes that in al l previously published material. Specifications and price change privileges reserved.

TEKTRONIX, TEK, OpenChoice, and Wavestar are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.

Tektronix is an authorized licensee of the CompactFlash® trademark.

Contacting Tektronix

Tektronix, Inc. 14200 SW Karl Braun Dri ve P.O. Box 500 Beaverton, OR 97077 USA

For product information, sales, service, and technical support:

H In North America, call 1-800-833-9200.

H Worldwide, visit www.tektronix.com to find contacts in your area.

WARRANTY

TPS2000 Series Oscilloscopes

Tektronix warrants that the product listed above will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of three (3) years from the date of original purchase from an authorized Tektronix distributor. If any such product proves defective during this warranty period, Tektronix, at its option, either will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective product. Batteries are excluded from this warranty. Parts, modules and replacement products used by Tektronix for warranty work may be new or reconditioned to like new performance. All replaced parts, modules and products become the property of Tektronix.

In order to obtain service under this warranty, Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the expiration of the warranty period and make suitable arrangements for the performance of service. C ustomer shall be responsible for packaging and shipping the defective product to the service center designated by Tektronix, shipping charges prepaid and with a copy of Customer proof of purchase. Tektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which the Tektronix service center is located. Customer shall be responsible for paying all shipping charges, duties, taxes, and any other charges for products returned to any other locations.

This warranty shall not apply to any defect, failure or damage caused by improper use or improper or inadequate maintenance and care. Tektronix shall not be obligated to furnish service under this warranty a) to repair damage resulting from attempts by personnel other than Tektronix representatives to install, repair or service the product; b) to repair damage resulting from improper use or connection to incompatible equipment; c) to repair any damage or malfunction caused by the use of non--Tektronix supplies; or d) to service a product that has been modified or integrated with other products when the effect of such modification or integration increases the time or difficulty of servicing the product.

WARRANTY (Continued)

TPS2000 Series Oscilloscopes

THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN BY TEKTRONIX WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCT IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS DISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. TEKTRONIX’ RESPONSIBILITY TO REPAIR OR REPLACE DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS IS THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO THE CUSTOMER FOR BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER TEKTRONIX OR THE VENDOR HAS ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

WARRANTY

P2220 Probe

Tektronix warrants that the product listed above will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the date of original purchase from an authorized Tektronix distributor. If any such product proves defective during this warranty period, Tektronix, at its option, either will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective product. Batteries are excluded from this warranty. Parts, modules and replacement products used by Tektronix for warranty work may be new or reconditioned to like new performance. All replaced parts, modules and products become the property of Tektronix.

WARRANTY (Continued)

P2220 Probe

WARRANTY

TPSBAT Battery Pack

Tektronix warrants that the product listed above will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of three (3) months from the date of original purchase from an authorized Tektronix distributor. If any such product proves defective during this warranty period, Tektronix, at its option, either will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective product. Parts, modules and replacement products used by Tektronix for warranty work may be new or reconditioned to like new performance. All replaced parts, modules and products become the property of Tektronix.

In order to obtain service under this warranty, Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the expiration of the warranty period and make suitable arrangements for the performance of service. C ustomer shall be responsible for packaging and shipping the defective product to the service center designated by Tektronix, shipping charges prepaid, and with a copy of customer proof of purchase. Tektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which the Tektronix service center is located. Customer shall be responsible for paying all shipping charges, duties, taxes, and any other charges for products returned to any other locations.

This warranty shall not apply to any defect, failure or damage caused by improper use or improper or inadequate maintenance and care. Tektronix shall not be obligated to furnish service under this warranty a) to repair damage resulting from attempts by personnel other than Tektronix representatives to install, repair or service the product; b) to repair damage resulting from improper use or connection to incompatible equipment; c) to repair any damage or malfunction caused by the use of non-Tektronix supplies; or d) to service a product that has been modified or integrated with other products when the effect of such modification or integration increases the time or difficulty of servicing the product.

WARRANTY (Continued)

TPSBAT Battery Pack

Table of Contents

General Safety Summary vii............................

Environmental Considerations xi.........................

Preface xiii............................................

Help System xv........................................

Conventions xvii........................................

Getting Started

General Features 1--2....................................

Taking Floating Measurements 1--4........................

Probe Connection 1--5.................................

Attach the Reference Leads Correctly 1--6.................

BNC Connectors 1--6.................................

Unterminated BNC Inputs 1--6..........................

Installation 1--7.........................................

Battery Packs 1--8....................................

Charging Battery Packs 1--10............................

Power Cord 1--10......................................

Versatile Hanger 1--10..................................

Security Lock 1--12....................................

Probes 1--13.............................................

Functional Check 1--13....................................

Probe Safety 1--15.......................................

Voltage Probe Check Wizard 1--16..........................

Manual Voltage Probe Compensation 1--17...................

Voltage Probe Attenuation Setting 1--19......................

Current Probe Scaling 1--20................................

Self Calibration 1--20.....................................

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Table of Contents

Operating Basics

Display Area 2--2.......................................

Message Area 2--5....................................

Using the Menu System 2--6...............................

Vertical Controls 2--8....................................

Horizontal Controls 2--9..................................

Trigger Controls 2--10.....................................

Menu and Control Buttons 2--11............................

Input Connectors 2--15....................................

Other Front-Panel Items 2--16..............................

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Setting Up the Oscilloscope 3--2...........................

Using Autoset 3--2....................................

Using Autorange 3--2.................................

Saving a Setup 3--2...................................

Recalling a Setup 3--3.................................

Default Setup 3--3....................................

Triggering 3--3.........................................

Source 3--4..........................................

Types 3--4..........................................

Modes 3--5..........................................

Coupling 3--5........................................

Position 3--5.........................................

Slope and Level 3--6..................................

Acquiring Signals 3--6...................................

Acquisition Modes 3--6................................

Time Base 3--7......................................

Scaling and Positioning Waveforms 3--8.....................

Vertical Scale and Position 3--8.........................

Horizontal Scale and Position; Pretrigger Information 3--8....

Taking Measurements 3--14................................

Graticule 3--14........................................

Cursors 3--15.........................................

Automatic 3--15.......................................

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

Taking Simple Measurements 4 --2..........................

Using Autoset 4--3....................................

Taking Automatic Measurements 4--3....................

Measuring Two Signals 4--5............................

Using Autorange to Examine a Series of Test Points 4--8........

Using an Isolated Channel to Analyze a Differential

Communication Signa l 4--9............................

Viewing a Math Instantaneous Power Waveform 4--11...........

Taking Cursor Measurements 4--13..........................

Measuring Ring Frequency and Amplitude 4--13.............

Measuring Pulse Width 4--15............................

Measuring Rise Time 4--17..............................

Analyzing Signal Detail 4--19..............................

Looking at a Noisy Signal 4--19..........................

Separating the Signal from Noise 4--20....................

Capturing a Single-Shot Signal 4--21.........................

Optimizing the Acquisition 4--22.........................

Measuring Propagation Delay 4--23..........................

Triggering on a Specific Pulse Width 4--25....................

Triggering on a Video Signal 4--27...........................

Triggering on Video Fields 4--28.........................

Triggering on Video Lines 4--29..........................

Using the Window Function to See Waveform Details 4--31...

Viewing Impedance Changes in a Network 4--32...............

Table of Contents

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

iii

Table of Contents

Math FFT

Setting Up the Time-Domain Waveform 5--2.................

Displaying the FFT Spectrum 5--4..........................

Selecting an FFT Window 5--6.............................

Magnifying and Positioning an FFT Spectrum 5--10.............

Measuring an FFT Spectrum Using Cursors 5--11...............

Communications (RS -232 and Centronics)

Sending a Screen Image to an External Device 6--1............

Setting Up and Testing the RS-232 Interface 6--5..............

Command Entry 6 --13.....................................

Removable Mass Storage

Installing and Removing a CompactFlash (CF) Card 7--1........

CF Card Initial Read Time 7 --2.........................

Formatting a CF Card 7--2.............................

CF Card Capacities 7--3...............................

File Management Conventions 7--3.........................

Using the Save function of the PRINT Butt on 7--4.............

Saves All to Files 7--5.................................

Saves Image to File 7-- 7...............................

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Managing TPSBAT Battery Packs

Caring for Battery Packs 8--1.............................

Continuous Charging 8--2..............................

Charging Temperature 8--2.............................

Discharging Temperature 8--2...........................

Short Term Storage 8--3...............................

Long Term Storage 8--3...............................

Service Life 8--3.....................................

Transportation Information 8--4.........................

Checking the Charge and Calibration Status 8--5...............

Charging Battery Packs 8--6...............................

Internal Charge 8--6...................................

External Charge 8--7..................................

Partial Charge 8--8....................................

Calibrating Battery Packs 8--8.............................

External Calibration 8--9...............................

Internal Calibration 8--10...............................

Replacing Battery Packs 8--11..............................

Reference

Acquire 9--2............................................

Application 9--6........................................

Autorange 9--7..........................................

Autoset 9--10............................................

Sine Wave 9--12......................................

Square Wave or Pulse 9--13.............................

Video Signa l 9--14.....................................

Cursor 9--15.............................................

Default Setup 9--16.......................................

Display 9--17............................................

Help 9--21..............................................

Horizontal 9--21.........................................

Math 9--24.............................................

Measure 9--25...........................................

Print 9--27..............................................

Probe Check 9--28........................................

Save/Recall 9--28........................................

Trigger Controls 9--36.....................................

Utility 9--47.............................................

Vertical 9--52............................................

Table of Contents

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Table of Contents

Appendices

Appendix A: Specifications A--1...........................

Appendix B: Accessories B--1.............................

Appendix C: Cleaning C--1...............................

Appendix D: Default Setup D--1...........................

Appendix E: Font Licenses E--1...........................

Appendix F: TPS2000 Compatible Probe Maximum

Voltages F--1........................................

Index

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

General Safety Summary

Review the following safety precautions to avoid injury and prevent damage to this product or any products connected to it.

To avoid potential hazards, use this product only as specified.

Only qualified personnel should perform service procedures.

To Avoid Fire or Personal Injury

Use Proper Power Cord. Use only the power cord specified for this

product and certified for the country of use.

Connect and Disconnect Properly. Do not connect or disconnect probes

or test leads while they are connected to a voltage source.

Connect and Disconnect Properly. Connect the probe output to the

measurement instrument before connecting the probe to the circuit under test. Disconnect the probe input and the probe reference lead from the circuit under test before disconnecti ng the probe from the measurement instrument.

Observe All Terminal Ratings. To avoid fire or shock hazard, observe all

ratings and markings on the product. Consult the product manual for further ratings information before making connections to t h e produc t.

Use Proper Probe. To avoid shock hazard, use a properly rated probe

for your measurement.

Floating. Do not float the P2220 probe reference lead to > 30 V

Use the P5120 (floatable to 600 V

RMS

III) or similarly rated, passive, high voltage probe or an appropriately rated, high voltage differential probe when floating the reference lead above 30 V

, subject to the ratings of such high voltage

RMS

probe.

Powering Off. The power cord provides Mains disconnect.

Replace Batteries Properly. Replace batteries only with the proper type

and rating specified.

Recharge Batteries Properly. Recharge batteries for the recommended

charge cycle only.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

CAT II or 300 V

RMS

CAT

vii

General Safety Summary

Use Proper AC Adapter. Use only the AC adapter specified for this

product.

Do Not Operate Without Covers. Do not operate this product with

covers or panels removed.

Avoid Exposed Circuitry. Do not touch exposed connections and

components when power is present.

Do Not Operate With Suspected Failures. If you suspect there is damage

to this product, have it inspected by qualified service personnel.

Environment.. Pollution Degree 2

where conductive pollutants may be present. See Appendix A for Environmental characteri stics.

Do Not Operate in Wet/Damp Conditions.

Do Not Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere.

Keep Product Surfaces Clean and Dry.

Provide Proper Ventilation. Refer to the manual’s installation

instructions for details on installing the product so it has proper ventilation.

As defined in IEC61010--1:2001.

. Do not operate in an environment

viii

Symbols and Terms

Terms in This Manual. These terms may appear in this manual:

WARNING. Warning statements identify conditions or practices that could result in injury or loss of life.

CAUTION. Caution statements identify conditions or practices that could result in damage to this product or other property.

Terms on the Product. These terms may appear on the product:

DANGER indicates an injury hazard immediately accessible as you read the marking.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

General Safety Summary

WARNING indicates an injury hazard not immediately accessible as you read the marking.

CAUTION indicates a hazard to property including the product.

Symbols on the Product. These symbols may appear on the product:

CAUTION

Refer to Manual

Standby

Chassis Ground

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

General Safety Summary

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Environmental Considerations

This section provides information about the environmental impact of the product.

Product End-of-Life Handling

Observe the following guidelines when recycling an instrument or component:

Equipment Recycling. Production of this equipment required the

extraction and use of natural resources. The equipment may contain substances that could be harmful t o the envi ronment or human health if improperly handled at the product’s end of life. In order to avoid release of such substances into the environment and to reduce the use of natural resources, we encourage you to recycle this product in an appropriate system that will ensure that most of the materials are reused or recycled appropriately.

The symbol shown to the left indicates that this product complies with the European Union’s requirements according to Directive 2002/96/EC on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). For information about recycling options, check the Support/Service section of the Tektronix Web site (www.tektronix.com).

Battery Recycling. This product contains a lithium ion (Li--ion)

rechargeable battery, whi ch must be recycled or disposed of properly. Please properly dispose of or recycle the battery according to local government regulations.

Mercury Notification. This product uses an LCD backlight lamp that

contains mercury. Disposal may be regulated due to environmental considerations. Please contact your local authorities or, within the United States, the Electronics Industries Alliance (www.eiae.org) for disposal or recycling information.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Environmental Considerations

Transporting Batteries

The lithium ion rechargeable battery pack in this product contains less than 8 grams of equivalent lithium content, with individual cells containing less than 1.5 grams of equivalent lithium, as measured by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards. Consult your air carrier for applicability and determination of any special lithium ion battery transportation requirements.

Restriction of Hazardous Substances

This product has been classified as Monitoring and Control equipment, and is outside the scope of the 2002/95/EC RoHS Directive. This product is known to contain lead, mercury, and hexavalent chromium.

xii

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Preface

This manual contains operating information for the TPS2000 Series Digital Storage Oscilloscopes. The manual consists of the following chapters:

H The Getting Started chapter briefly describes features of the

H The Operating Basics chapter covers operating principles of t he

H The Understanding Oscilloscope Functions chapter describes

H The Application Examples chapter includes examples of a wide

H The Math FFT chapter describes how to use the Math Fast

oscilloscope and provides installation instructions.

oscilloscopes.

basic operations and functions of an oscilloscope: setting up the

oscilloscope, triggering, acquiring data, scaling and positioning

waveforms, and taking measurements.

variety of measurements to give you ideas on how to solve your

own measurement problems.

Fourier Transform function to convert a time--domain signal into

its frequency components (spectrum).

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

xiii

Preface

H The Communications chapter describes how to set up the RS-232

and Centronics ports to use the oscilloscope with external devices, such as printers and computers.

H The Removable Mass Storage chapter describes how to use a

CompactFlash card and oscilloscope functions available when a cardisinuse.

H The Managing TPSBAT Battery Packs chapter describes how to

use, charge, calibrate, and replace battery packs.

H The Reference chapter describes the selections or available range

of values for each option.

H The Appendix A: Specifications chapter includes electrical,

environmental, and physical specifications for the oscilloscope and the P2220 probe, as well as certifications and compliances.

H The Appendix B: Accessories chapter briefly describes standard

and optional accessories.

H The Appendix C: General Care and Cleaning chapter describes

how to take care of the oscilloscope.

xiv

H The Appendix D: Default Setup chapt er contains a list of the

menus and controls with the default (factory) settings that are recalled when you push the DEFAULT SETUP front-panel button.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Help System

The oscilloscope has a Help system with topics that cover all the features of the oscilloscope. You can use the Help system to display several kinds of information:

H General information about understanding and using the

oscilloscope, such as Using the Menu System.

H Information about specific menus and controls, such as the

Vertical Position Control.

H Advice about problems you may face while using an oscillo-

scope, such as Reducing Noise.

The Help system provides several ways to find the information you need: context-sensitive, hyperlinks, and an index.

Context-Sensitive

The oscilloscope displays information about the last menu displayed on the screen when you push the HELP front-panel button. When viewing help topics, an LED lights next to the multipurpose knob to indicate that the knob is active. If the topic uses more than one page, turn the multipurpose knob to move from page to page within the topic.

Preface

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Preface

Hyperlinks

Most of the help topics contain phrases marked with angle brackets, such as <Autoset>. These are links to other topics. Turn the multipurpose knob to move the highlight from one link to another. Push the Show Topic option button to display the topic corresponding to the highlighted link. Push the Back option button to return to the previous topic.

Index

Push the front-panel HELP button, then push the Index option button. Push the Page Up or Page Down option buttons until you find the index page that contains the topic you want to view. Turn the multipurpose knob to highlight a help topic. Push the Show Topic option button to display the topic.

NOTE. Push the Exit option button or any menu button to remove the Help text from the screen and return to displaying waveforms.

xvi

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Conventions

This manual uses the following conventions:

H Front-panel buttons, knobs and connectors appear in all

uppercase letters. For example: HELP, PRINT.

H Menu options appear with the first letter of each word in upper

case. For example: Peak Detect, Window Zone.

Multipurpose knob

Preface

Front-panel buttons and

knob labels — All upper case

Option buttons — First letter of

each word on screen is upper case

NOTE. Option buttons can also be called screen buttons, side-menu buttons, bezel buttons, or soft keys.

H The

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

 delimiter separates a series of button pushes. For example,

UTILITY

UTILITY front-panel button, then push the Options option

button, and then push the RS-232 Setup option button.

 Options RS-232 Setup means that you push the

xvii

Preface

xviii

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Getting Started

TPS2000 Series Digital Storage Oscilloscopes a re small, lightweight, battery-powered, portable oscilloscopes. In addition to the list of general features on the next page, this chapter describes how to do the following tasks:

H Take floating measurements

H Install your product

H Charge battery packs

H Perform a brief functional check

H Perform a probe check and compensate probes

H Match your probe attenuation factor

H Use the self calibration routine

NOTE. You can select a language to display on the screen when you power on the oscilloscope. At any time, you can also access the UTILITY

 Language option to select a language.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

1- 1

Getting Started

General Features

The next table and list describe the general features.

Model Channels Bandwidth Sample rate

TPS2012 2 100 MHz 1.0 GS/s

TPS2014 4 100 MHz 1.0 GS/s

TPS2024 4 200 MHz 2.0 GS/s

H Battery powered or line powered

H Two rechargeable battery packs (second battery pack optional)

H Independently isolated channels with no shared common ground

H TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis application (optional)

H Support for compatible voltage probes and current probes

H Context-sensitive help system

1- 2

H Color LCD display

H Selectable 20 MHz bandwidth limit

H 2500 point record length for each channel

H Autoset

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Getting Started

H Autoranging for quick set up and hands-free operation

H Probe Check Wizard

H Cursors with readouts

H Trigger frequency readout

H Eleven automatic measurements

H Waveform averaging and peak dete ction

H Dual time base

H Math functions: +, --, and × operati ons

H Math Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)

H Pulse Width trigger capability

H Video trigger capability with line-selectable triggering

H External trigger

H Setup and waveform storage

H Removable mass storage

H Variable persistence display

H RS-232 and Centronics ports

H OpenChoice PC Communications software

H User interface in ten user-selectable languages

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

1- 3

Getting Started

Taking Floating Measurements

For taking floating measurements, the oscilloscope channel and Ext Trig inputs (3 MΩ) are isolated from the oscilloscope chassis and from each other. This allows independent floating measurements with channel 1, channel 2, and Ext Trig (and with channel 3 and channel 4 on four channel models).

CH 1

CH 2

CH 3

CH 4

EXT TRIG

*3 MΩ impedance. NC means not connected.

Oscilloscope chassis

PROBE

COMP

AC adaptor

RS--232

Connected to earth ground by building wiring,

typical of a North American building.

Centronics

Printer

Electrical

outlet

1- 4

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Getting Started

The oscilloscope inputs float even when the oscilloscope is connected to a grounded power supply, a grounded printer, or a grounded computer.

Most other oscilloscopes share a common reference for the oscilloscope channel and Ext Trig inputs. This reference is typically connected to earth ground through the power cord. With commonreferenced oscilloscopes, all input signals must have the sam e common reference when you take any multi-channel measurements.

Without differential preamplifiers or external signal isolators, common-referenced oscilloscopes are not suitable for taking floating measurements.

Probe Connection

WARNING. To prevent electrical shock, do not exceed the measurement or floating voltage ratings for the oscilloscope input BNC connector, probe tip, or probe reference lead.

Understand the voltage ratings for the probes you are using and do not exceed those ratings. The following voltage ratings are important to know and understand:

H The maximum measurement voltage from the probe tip and BNC

signal to the probe reference lead

H The maximum measurement voltage from the probe tip and BNC

shell to earth ground

H The maximum floating voltage from the probe reference lead to

earth ground

WARNING. To avoid an electric shock, do not use probes that require a ground connection, such as the Tektronix P5200 High Voltage Differential Probe, with the TPS2000 series oscilloscopes. The P5200 High Voltage Differential Probe requires an oscilloscope with grounded inputs and the TPS2000 series oscilloscopes have floating inputs (i solated inputs).

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

1- 5

Getting Started

WARNING. Do not float the P2220 probes reference lead to > 30 V

RMS

appropriately rated, high voltage, differential probe when floating the reference lead above 30 V voltage probe.

These voltage ratings depend on the probe and your applic ation. Refer to Specifications on page A--1 for more information.

For more information on probe safety, see page 1--15.

Attach the Reference Leads Correctly

You must attach the probe reference lead for each channel directly to your circuit. These attachments are required because the oscilloscope channels are electrically isolated; they do not share a common connection. Use the shortest possible reference lead with each probe to maintain good signal fidelity.

The probe reference lead presents a higher capacitive load to the circuit under test than the probe tip. When taking a floating measurement between two nodes of a circuit, attach the probe reference lead to the lowest impedance or least dynamic of the two nodes.

. Use the P5120 (floatable to 600 V

RMS

CAT II or 300 V

RMS

CAT III) or similarly rated, passive, high voltage probe or an

, subject to the ratings of such high

RMS

1- 6

BNC Connectors

The oscilloscope BNC reference connection is made on the inside of the BNC connector. The black bayonet on the outside of the BNC connectors does not provide electrical contact. For a good connection, make sure your probe or cable connector is pushed on and twist locked. Replace cables or probes that have worn connectors.

Unterminated BNC Inputs

The black bayonet on the outside of the BNC input connectors does not shield the connector input from unwanted electric al noise from nearby circuits. Connect a 50 ohm terminator or a BNC shorting plug to the input BNC connector when establishing a “No Signal” baseline condition.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Installation

You can use the oscilloscope AC adaptor to power the oscilloscope or to charge battery packs when installed. To use the oscilloscope AC adaptor as the power source, follow these steps:

1. Insert the DC connector end of the adaptor into the DC INPUT

2. Connect the appropriate power cord between the oscilloscope AC

Getting Started

connector on the back of the oscilloscope.

adaptor and an electrical outlet.

If battery packs are installed, an LED lights on the front of the oscilloscope to indicate when the battery packs are charging.

DC INPUT connector

BATTERY CHARGING

LED indicator

NOTE. The oscilloscope contains a temperature-sensing fan for cooling that forces air through vents on the bottom and on the side of the oscilloscope. To allow air to flow freely through the oscilloscope, do not block these vents.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

1- 7

Getting Started

Battery Packs

The oscilloscope can accommodate two TPSBAT battery packs. The product includes one battery pack that is not installed when shipped. The amount of time you can operate the oscilloscope with battery packs depends on the oscilloscope model.

Oscilloscope Amount of time to operate

2 channel 5.5 hours on one battery pack, 11 hours on two

4 channel 4.5 hours on one battery pack, 9 hours on two

NOTE. A message displays when there are approximately 10 minutes of operating time left on the batt ery packs.

For details on how to use, charge, calibrate, and replace battery packs, refer to Managing TPSBAT Batt ery Packs on page 8--1. For example, battery packs need to be calibrated to accurately report available operating time.

1- 8

To install battery packs, follow these steps:

1. Press the battery compartment door latch on the the right side

panel and open the battery compartment.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Getting Started

2. Orient the battery pack as shown on the oscilloscope, and install

the pack. Battery packs are keyed, so you can insert the m only one way.

For single battery pack use, install a pack in the lower receptacle. This lowers the center of gravity.

3. Close the battery compartment door.

Spring

Battery Pack 2

Battery Pack 1

Orient the

battery pack

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

1- 9

Getting Started

To remove the battery packs, follow these steps:

1. Press the battery compartment door latch on the the right side

2. Grab the strap and lift up.

3. Push the spring clip towards the outside of the battery pack and

4. Close the battery compartment door.

Charging Battery Packs

You can charge the battery packs in an oscilloscope or with the TPSCHG external battery charger. See page 8--6.

Power Cord

Use only power cords designed for the AC adaptor for the oscilloscope or external charger. The AC adaptor for the oscilloscope and external charger requires 90 to 264 VAC page B--2 for a list of available power cords.

Versatile Hanger

Use the versatile hanger to securely suspend the oscilloscope when you cannot place it on a stable surface, such as on a bench top.

panel and open the battery compartment.

pull the strap to remove the ba ttery pack.

RMS

,45to66Hz.Referto

1- 10

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Getting Started

To attach the hanger, follow these steps:

1. Position a hanger clip over one of the feet on the rear case so the

clip is flat against the case. Orient the slot at the top of the cl ip.

2. Push the clip up towards the top of the case to snap it in place.

Nylon strap

Hanger clip

Feet

Snap in place

3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for the other clip.

4. Adjust the length of the nylon strap. A short strap helps to keep

the oscilloscope stationary while suspended.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

1- 11

Getting Started

NOTE. You can route the nylon strap through the handle on the oscilloscope to provide a more stable center of gravity.

5. Place the hooks over a vertical support, such as a wall partition or

Keep the strap short

an instrument rack door.

1- 12

Security Lock

Use a standard laptop computer sec urity cable to secure your oscilloscope to your location.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Probes

Getting Started

Security

lock hole

TPS2000 series oscilloscopes ship with P2220 passive voltage probes. See page 1--15 for probe safety. See Appendix A for specifications.

You can use many Tektronix voltage probes and current probes with these oscilloscopes. Refer to Appendix B or the www.Tektronix.com web site for a list of compatible probes.

Functional Check

Perform this functional check to verify that your oscilloscope is operating correctly.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

1- 13

Getting Started

1. Power on the oscilloscope.

PASSED

ON/OFF

button

PROBE COMP

DEFAULT SETUP

button

CH 1

Read the probe warning. Then push OK. Push the DEFAULT SETUP button. The default Voltage Probe Attenuation option is 10X.

2. Set the switch to 10X on the P2220 probe

and connect the probe to channel 1 on the oscilloscope. To do this, align the slot in the probe connector with the key on the CH 1 BNC, push to connect, and twist to the right to lock the probe in place.

Connect the probe tip and reference lead to the PROBE COMP terminals.

3. Push the AUTOSET button. Within a few

seconds, you should see a square wave in the display of about 5 V peak-to-peak at 1kHz.

Push the CH 1 MENU button twice to remove channel 1, push the CH 2 MENU button to display channel 2, repeat steps 2 and 3. For 4-channel models, repeat for CH 3 and CH 4.

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TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Probe Safety

Check and observe probe ratings before using probes.

A guard around the P2220 voltage probe body provides a finger barrier for protection from electric shock.

WARNING. To avoid electric shock when using the probe, keep fingers behind the guard on the probe body.

To avoid electric shock while using the probe, do not touch metallic portions of the probe head while it is connected to a voltage source.

Getting Started

Finger guard

Connect the probe to the oscilloscope before you connect the probe to your circuit to take any measurements.

Any non-attenuating probe that applies more than 150 VAC to the oscilloscope BNC input connector must be third party certified with the probe reference lead rated to float to 300 V CAT II.

For information on isolated channels and floating measurements, see page 1--4. For information on high voltages, see page 1--5.

WARNING. Do not float the P2220 probe reference lead to > 30

. Use the P5120 (floatable to 600 V

RMS

CAT III) or similarly rated, passive, high voltage probe or an appropriately rated, high voltage, differential probe when floating the reference lead above 30 V

, subject to the ratings of such high

RMS

voltage probe.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

CAT II or 300 V

RMS

1- 15

Getting Started

Voltage Probe Check Wizard

You can use the Probe Check Wizard to verify that a voltage probe is operating properly. The wizard does not support current probes.

The wizard helps you adjust the compensation for voltage probes (usually with a screw on the probe body or probe connector) and set the factor for the Attenuation option for each channel, such as in the

CH 1 MENU

You should use the Probe Check Wizard each time you connect a voltage probe to an input channel.

To use the Probe Check Wizard, push the PROBE CHECK button. If the voltage probe is connected properly, compensated properly, and the Attenuation option in the oscilloscope VERTICAL menu is set to match the probe, the oscilloscope displays a PASSED message at the bottom of the screen. Otherwise, the oscilloscope displays directions on the screen to guide you in correcting these problems.

NOTE. The Probe Check Wizard is useful for 1X, 10X, 20X, 50X, and 100X voltage probes. It is not useful for 500X or 1000X probes, or for probes connected to the EXT TRIG BNC.

 Probe Voltage Attenuation option.

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TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

NOTE. When the process is complete, the Probe Check Wizard restores the oscilloscope settings (other than the Probe and the Attenuation opti ons) to what they were before you pushed the PROBE CHECK button.

To compensate a probe that you plan to use with the EXT TRIG input, follow these steps:

1. Connect the probe to any input channel BNC, such as to CH 1.

2. Push the PROBE CHECK button and follow the directions on

the screen.

3. After you verify that the probe functions and is compensated

properly, connect the probe to the EXT TRIG BNC.

Manual Voltage Probe Compensation

As an alternative method to the Probe Check Wizard, you can manually perform this adjustment to match your voltage probe to the input channel.

Getting Started

NOTE. Be sure to properly connect the voltage probe reference lead to the PROBE COMP reference terminal because the oscilloscope channels are isolated from the PROBE COMP terminals.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

1- 17

Getting Started

PROBE COMP

Overcompensated

Undercompensated

Compensated correctly

AUTOSET

button

CH 1

1. Push the CH 1 Menu button and set the

Voltage Probe Attenuation option to 10X. Set the switch to 10X on the P2220 probe and connect the probe to channel 1 on the oscilloscope. If you use the probe hooktip, ensure a proper connection by firmly inserting the tip onto the probe.

2. Attach the probe tip to the PROBE COMP

~5V@1kHz terminal and the reference lead to the PROBE COMP chassis terminal. Display the channel, and then push the AUTOSET button.

3. Check the shape of the displayed

waveform.

1- 18

4. If necessary, adjust your probe. The P2220

voltage probe is shown.

Repeat as necessary.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Voltage Probe Attenuation Setting

Voltage probes have various attenuation factors which affect the vertical scale of the signal. The Probe Check Wizard verifies that the attenuation factor in the oscilloscope matches the probe.

As an alternative method to Probe Check, you can manually select the factor that matches the attenuation of your probe. For example to match a probe set to 10X connected to CH 1, you would access the

CH 1 MENU

10X.

NOTE. The default setting for the Attenuation option is 10X.

If you change the Attenuation switch on the P2220 probe, you also need to change the oscilloscope Attenuation option to match. Switch settings are 1X and 10X.

 Probe Voltage Attenuation option and select

Attenuation switch

Getting Started

NOTE. When the Attenuation switch is set to 1X, the P2220 probe limits the bandwidth of the oscilloscope to 6 MHz. To use the full bandwidth of the oscilloscope, be sure to set the switch to 10X.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

1- 19

Getting Started

Current Probe Scaling

Current probes provide a voltage signal proportional to the current. You need to set the oscilloscope to match the scale of your current probe. The default scale is 10 A/V.

To set the scale, follow these steps:

1. Push a vertical channel button (such as the CH 1 MENU button).

2. Push the Probe option button.

3. Push the Current opti on button.

4. Push the Scale option button to select an appropriate value.

Self Calibration

The self calibration routine lets you optimize the oscilloscope signal path for maximum measurement accuracy. You can run the routine at any time but you should always run the routine if the ambie nt temperature changes by 5 _C(9°F) or more. For accurate calibration, power on the oscilloscope and wait twenty minutes to ensure it is warmed up.

1- 20

To compensate the signal path, disconnect any probes or cables from the input connectors. Then, access the UTILITY option and follow the directions on the screen.

The self calibration routine takes about two minutes.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

 Do Self Cal

Operating Basics

The front panel is divided into easy-to-use functional areas. This chapter provides you with a quick overview of the controls and the information displayed on the screen.

2-channel model

4-channel models

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

2- 1

Operating Basics

The front panel buttons can be illuminated (through the Utilities menu). This illumination does not significantly affect the duration of the charge on the battery packs when you operate the oscilloscope from battery packs only.

Display Area

In addition to displaying waveforms, the display is filled with many details about the waveform and the oscilloscope control settings.

NOTE. For details on displaying the FFT function, refer to page 5--5.

12 43

W 100ms

131211

750mV

1.00000kHz

2- 2

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

1. Icon display shows acquisition mode.

Sample mode

Peak detect mode

Average mode

2. Trigger status indicates the following:

Operating Basics

Armed.

triggers are ignored in this state.

Ready.

oscilloscope is ready to accept a trigger.

Trig’d.

the posttrigger data.

Stop.

Acq. Complete. The oscilloscope has completed a Single

Sequence acquisition.

Auto.

waveforms in the absence of trigge rs.

Scan.

data continuously in scan mode.

3. Marker shows horizontal trigger position. Turn the HORIZON-

TAL POSITION knob to adjust the position of the marker.

4. Readout shows the time at the center graticule. The trigger time

is zero.

5. Marker shows Edge or Pulse Width trigger level.

The oscilloscope is acquiring pretrigger data. All

All pretrigger data has been acquired and the

The oscilloscope has seen a trigger and is acquiring

The oscilloscope has stopped acquiring waveform data.

The oscilloscope is in auto mode and is acquiring

The oscilloscope is acquiring and displaying waveform

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

2- 3

Operating Basics

6. On-screen markers show the reference points of the displayed

waveforms. If there is no marker, the channel is not displayed.

7. An arrow icon indicates that the waveform is inverted.

8. Readouts show the vertical scale factors of the channels.

9. AB

icon indicates that the channel is bandwidth limited.

10. Readout shows main time base setting.

11. Readout shows window time base setting if it is in use.

12. Readout shows trigger source used for triggering.

13. Icon shows selected trigger type as follows:

-- Edge trigger for the rising edge.

-- Edge trigger for the falling edge.

-- Video trigger for line sync.

-- Video trigger for field sync.

-- Pulse Width trigger, positive polarity.

-- Pulse Width trigger, negative polarity.

14. Readout shows Edge or Pulse Width trigger level.

15. Display area shows helpful messages; some messages display for

only three seconds.

If you recall a saved waveform, readout shows information about the reference waveform, such as RefA 1.00V 500µs.

16. Readout shows date and time.

2- 4

17. Readout shows trigger frequency.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Operating Basics

Message Area

The oscilloscope displays a message area (item number 15 in the previous figure) at the bottom of the screen that conveys the following types of helpful information:

H Directions to access another menu, such as when you push the

TRIG MENU button:

For TRIGGER HOLDOFF, go to HORIZONTAL Menu

H Suggestion of what you might want to do next, such as when you

push the MEASURE button:

Push an option button to change its measurement

H Information about the action the oscilloscope performed, such as

when you push the DEFAULT SETUP button:

Default setup recalled

H Information about the waveform, such as when you push the

AUTOSET button:

Square wave or pulse detected on CH1

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

2- 5

Operating Basics

Using the Menu System

The user interface of the oscilloscopes was designed for easy access to specialized functions through the menu structure.

When you push a front-panel button, the oscilloscope displays the corresponding menu on the right side of the screen. The menu shows the options that are available when you push the unlabeled option buttons directly to the right of the screen.

The oscilloscope uses several methods to display menu options:

H Page (Submenu) Selection: For some menus, you can use the top

option button to choose two or three submenus. Each time you push the top button, the options change. For example, when you push the top button in the TRIGGER Menu, the oscilloscope cycles through the Edge, Video, and Pulse Width trigger submenus.

H Circular List: The oscilloscope sets the parameter to a different

value each time you push the option button. For example, you can push the CH 1 MENU button and then push the top option button to cycle through the Vertical (channel) Coupling options.

2- 6

H Action: The oscilloscope displays the type of action that will

immediately occur when you push an Action option button. For example, when the Help Index is visible, and you push the Page Down option button, the oscilloscope immediately displays the next page of index entries.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Operating Basics

H Radio: The oscilloscope uses a different button for each option.

The currently-selected option is highlighted. For example, the oscilloscope displays various acquisition mode options when you push the ACQUIRE Menu button. To select an option, push the corresponding button.

Page Selection

TRIGGER

Type Edge

TRIGGER

Type

Video

TRIGGER

Type

Pulse

Circular List

CH1

Coupling

CH1

Coupling

CH1

Coupling

Ground

Action Radio

HELP

Page

Down

Sample

Peak detect

Average

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

2- 7

Operating Basics

Vertical Controls

2- 8

All models

POSITION(CH1,CH2,CH3,&CH4).Positions a waveform vertically.

CH 1, CH 2, CH 3 & CH 4 MENU. Displays the vertical menu selections

and toggles the display of the channel waveform on and off.

VOLTS/DIV (CH 1, CH 2, CH 3 & CH 4). Selects calibrated scale factors.

MATH MENU. Displays waveform math operations menu and toggles

the display of the math wave form on and off.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Horizontal Controls

Operating Basics

2-channel model

POSITION. Adjusts the horizontal position of all channel and math

waveforms. The resolution of this control varies with the time base setting. For information on windows, refer to page 9--23.

NOTE. To make a large adjustment to the horizontal position, turn the SEC/DIV knob to a larger value, change the horizontal position, and then turn the SEC/DIV knob back to the previous value.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

4-channel models

2- 9

Operating Basics

HORIZ MENU. Displays the Horizontal Menu.

SET TO ZERO. Sets the horizontal position to zero.

SEC/DIV. Selects the horizontal time/div (scale factor) for the main or

the window time base. When Window Zone is enabled, it changes the width of the window zone by changing the window time base. Refer to page 9--23 for details about creating and using Window Zone.

Trigger Controls

4-channel models

2- 10

2-channel model

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

LEVEL. When you use an Edge or Pulse trigger, the LEVEL knob sets

the amplitude level the signal must cross to acquire a waveform.

TRIG MENU. Displays the Trigger Menu.

SET TO 50%. The trigger level is set to the vertical midpoint between

the peaks of the trigger signal.

FORCE TRIG. Completes an acquisition regardless of an adequate

trigger signal. This button has no effect if the acquisition is already stopped.

TRIG VIEW. Displays the trigger waveform in place of the channel

waveform while you hold down the TRIG VIEW button. Use this t o see how the trigger settings affect the trigger signal, such as trigger coupling.

Menu and Control Buttons

Operating Basics

Multipurpose knob

Refer to the Reference chapter for detailed information on the menu and button controls.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

2- 11

Operating Basics

Multipurpose Knob. Function is determined by the displayed menu or

selected menu option. When active, the adjacent LED lights.

Active menu or option Knob function Description

Cursor Cursor 1 or

Display Adjust Contrast C hanges the contrast of the display

Help Scroll Selects entries in the Index; selects

Horizontal Holdoff Sets the amount of time before

Math Position Positions the math waveform

Positions the selected cursor

Cursor 2

Adjust Brightness Changes the brightness of the

display

links in a topic; displays the next or previous page for a topic

another trigger event can be accepted; refer to Holdoff on page 9--46

2- 12

Vertical Scale Changes the scale of the math

waveform

Save/Recall File selection Selects setup or waveform files to

save or to recall

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Operating Basics

Active menu or option DescriptionKnob function

Trigger Video line number Sets the oscilloscope to a specific

line number when the Trigger Type option is set to Video and the Sync option is set to Line Number

Pulse width Sets the width of the pulse when

the Trigger Type option is set to Pulse

Utility File Utilities

Utility Options Set Date and Time

AUTORANGE. Displays the Autorange Menu, and activates or

File selection Selects files to rename or delete;

see page 9--49

Name entry Renames the file or folder; see

page 9--49

Value entry Sets the value for the date or time;

see page 9--48

deactivates t he a utoranging function. When autoranging is active, the adjacent LED lights.

SAVE/RECALL. Displays the Save/Recall Menu for setups and

waveforms.

MEASURE. Displays the automated measurements menu.

ACQUIRE. Displays the Acquire Menu.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

2- 13

Operating Basics

APPLICATION. Displays a menu when an Application Key is inserted

in the front of the oscilloscope, for example Power Analysis.

UTILITY. Displays the Utility Menu.

CURSOR. Displays the Cursor Menu. Cursors remain displayed

(unless the Type option is set to Off) after leaving the Cursor Menu but are not adjustable.

DISPLAY. Displays the Display Menu.

HELP. Displays the Help Menu.

DEFAULT SETUP. Recalls the factory setup.

AUTOSET. Automatically sets the oscilloscope controls to produce a

usable display of the input signals.

SINGLE SEQ. Acquires a single waveform and then stops.

RUN/STOP. Continuously acquires waveforms or stops the acquisition.

PRINT. Starts print ope rations through the Centronics or RS-232 ports,

or performs the SAVE function to the removable mass storage.

2- 14

SAVE. An LED indicates when the PRINT button is configured to

save data to the CF card.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Input Connectors

2-channel model

4-channel models

CH 1, CH 2, CH 3 & CH 4. Input connectors for waveform display.

EXT TRIG. Input connector for an external trigger source. Use the

Trigger Menu to select the Ext, Ext/5, or Ext/10 trigger source. Push and hold the TRIG VIEW button to see how the trigger settings affect the trigger signal, such as trigger coupling.

Operating Basics

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

2- 15

Operating Basics

Other Front-Panel Items

Lights when saving data to or

retrieving data from a CF card

TYPE 1 CompactFlash. Insert a Compa ctFlash (CF) card for removable

memory storage. When saving data to or retrieving data from a CF card, the adjacent LED lights. Wait until the LED goes out to remove the card.

APPLICATION KEY. Insert an Application Key to enable an optional

application, such as for power analysis.

BATTERY CHARGING. An LED indicates when the oscilloscope is

charging installed battery packs.

2- 16

PROBE COMP. Probe compensation output and chassis reference. Use

to electrically match a voltage probe to the oscilloscope input circuit. Seepage1--17.

The probe compensation reference lead connects to earth ground and is then considered to be a ground terminal when using the oscilloscope AC adaptor. See page 1--4.

CAUTION. When using the DC adapter, do not connect a voltage source to any exposed metal as this may damage the oscilloscope or the circuit under test.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Understanding Oscilloscope

Functions

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

This chapter contains general information on what you need to understand before you use an oscilloscope. To use your oscilloscope effectively, you need to learn about the following functions:

H Setting up the oscilloscope

H Triggering

H Acquiring signals (waveforms)

H Scaling and positioning waveforms

H Measuring waveforms

The figure below shows a block diagram of the various functions of the oscilloscope and their relationship to each other.

Each

channel

EXT

TRIG

Vertical:

gain and

position

Trigger

Acquire data:

mode and

time base

2500 points

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Waveform

record:

Display

Computer or printer interface

3- 1

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Setting Up the Oscilloscope

You should become familiar with several functions that you may use often when operating your oscilloscope: Autoset, Autorange, saving a setup, and recalling a setup.

Using Autoset

Autoset functions one time each time you push the AUTOSET button. The function obtains a stable waveform display for you. It automatically adjusts the vertical scale, horizontal scale and trigger settings. Autoset also displays several automatic measurements in the graticule area, depending on the signal type.

Using Autorange

Autorange is a continuous function that you can enable or disable . The function adjusts setup values to track a signal when the signal exhibits large changes or when you physically move the probe to a different point.

Saving a Setup

The oscilloscope saves the current setup if you wait five seconds after the last change before you power off the oscilloscope. The oscilloscope recalls this setup the next time you apply power.

3- 2

You can use the SAVE/RECALL Menu to permanently save up to ten different setups.

You can also save setups to the CompactFlash card. The oscilloscope accommodates a Type 1 CompactFlash card for removable mass storage. See page 7--1.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Recalling a Setup

The oscilloscope can recall the last setup before the oscilloscope was powered off, any saved setups, or the default setup. See page 9--28.

Default Setup

The oscilloscope is set up for normal operation when it is shipped from the factory. This is the default setup. To recall this setup, push the DEFAULT SETUP button. To view the default settings, refer to Appendix D: Default Setup.

Triggering

The trigger determines when the oscilloscope starts to acquire data and display a waveform. Wh en a trigger is set up prope rly, the oscilloscope converts unstable displays or blank screens into meaningful waveforms.

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Triggered waveform Untriggered waveforms

For oscilloscope-specific descriptions, refer to page 2-- 10 in the Operating Basics chapter and page 9--36 in the Reference chapter.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

3- 3

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

When you push the RUN/STOP or SINGLE SEQ button to start an acquisition, the oscilloscope goes through t he following steps:

1. Acquires enough data to fill th e portion of the waveform record

to the left of the trigger point . T his is called the pretrigger.

2. Continues to acquire data while waiting for the trigger condition

to occur.

3. Detects the trigger condition.

4. Continues to acquire data until the waveform record is full.

5. Displays the newly-acquired waveform.

NOTE. For Edge and Pulse triggers, the oscilloscope counts the rate at which trigger events occur to determine trigger frequency and displays the frequency in the lower right corner of the screen.

Source

You can use the Trigger Source options to select the signal that the oscilloscope uses as a trigger. The source can be any signal connected to a channel BNC, or to the EXT TRIG BNC.

3- 4

Types

The oscilloscope provides three types of triggers: Edge, Video, and Pulse Width.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Modes

You can select the Auto or the Normal trigger mode to define how the oscilloscope acquires data when it does not detect a trigger condition. See page 9--38.

To perform a single sequence a cquisition, push the SINGLE SEQ button.

Coupling

You can use the Trigger Coupling option to determine which part of the signal will pass to the trigger circuit. This can help you attain a stable display of the waveform.

To use trigger coupling, push the TRIG MENU button, select a n Edge or Pulse trigger, and select a Coupling option.

NOTE. Trigger coupling affects only the signal passed to the trigger system. It does not affect the bandwidth or coupling of the signal displayed on the screen.

To view the conditioned signal being passed to the trigger circuit, push and hold down the TRIG VIEW button.

Position

The horizontal position control establishes the time between the trigger and the screen center. Refer to Horizontal Scale and Position; Pretrigger Information on page 3--8 for more information on how to use this control to position the trigger.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

3- 5

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Slope and Level

The Slope and Level controls help to define the trigger. The Slope option (Edge trigger type only) determines whether the oscilloscope finds the trigger point on the rising or the falling edge of a signal. The TRIGGER LEVEL knob control s where on the edge the t rigger point occurs.

Trigger level can be

adjusted vertically

Acquiring Signals

When you acquire a signal, the oscilloscope converts it into a digit al form and displays a waveform. The acquisition mode defines how the signal is digitized and the time base setting affects the time span and level of detail in the acquisition.

Acquisition Modes

There are three acquisition modes: Sample, Peak Detect, and Average.

Rising edge

Trigger slope can be rising or falling

Falling edge

3- 6

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Sample. In this acquisition mode, the oscilloscope samples the signal

in evenly spaced intervals to construct the waveform. This mode accurately represents signals most of the time.

However, this mode does not acquire rapid variations in the signal that may occur between samples. This can result in aliasing (described on page 3--9) and may cause narrow pulses to be missed. In these cases, you should use the Peak Detect mode to acquire data.

Peak Detect. In this acquisition mode, the oscilloscope finds the

highest and lowest values of the input signal over each sample interval and uses these values to display the waveform. In this way, the oscilloscope can acquire and display narrow pulses, which may have otherwise been missed in Sample mode. Noise will appear to be higher in this mode.

Average. In this acquisition mode, the oscilloscope acquires several

waveforms, averages them, and displays the resulting waveform. You can use this mode to reduce random noise.

Time Base

The oscilloscope digitizes waveforms by acquiring the value of an input signal at discrete points. The time base allows you to control how often the values are digitized.

To adjust the time base to a horizontal scale that suits your purpose, use the SEC/DIV knob.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

3- 7

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Scaling and Positioning Waveforms

You can change the waveform display by adjusting the scale and position. When you change the scale, the waveform display will increase or decrease in size. When you change the position, the waveform will move up, down, right, or left.

The channel reference indicator (located on the left of the graticule) identifies each waveform on the display. The indicator points to the reference level of the waveform record.

To view the display area and readouts, refer to page 2--2.

Vertical Scale and Position

You can change the vertical position of waveforms by moving them up or down in the display. To compare data, you can align a waveform above another or you can align waveforms on top of each other.

You can change the vertical scale of a waveform. The waveform display will contract or expand relative to the reference level.

For oscilloscope-specific descriptions, refer to page 2-- 8 in the Operating Basics chapter and page 9--52 in the Reference chapter.

3- 8

Horizontal Scale and Position; Pretrigger Information

You can adjust the HORIZONTAL POSITION control to view waveform data before the trigger, after the trigger, or some of each. When you change the horizontal position of a waveform, you are actually changing the time between the trigger and the center of the display. (This appears to move the waveform to the right or left on the display.)

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

For example, if you want to find the cause of a glitch in your test circuit, you might trigger on the glitch and make the pretrigger period large enough to capture da ta before the glitch. You can then analyze the pretrigger data and perhaps find the cause of the glitch.

You change the horizontal scale of all the waveforms by turning the SEC/DIV knob. For example, you might want to see just one cycle of a waveform to measure the overshoot on its rising edge.

The oscilloscope shows the horizontal scale as time per division in the scale readout. Since all active waveforms use the same time base, the oscilloscope only displays one value for all the active channels, except when you use Window Z one. For information on how to use the window function, refer to page 9--23.

For oscilloscope-specific descriptions, refer to page 2-- 9 in the Operating Basics chapter and page 9--21 in the Reference chapter.

Time Domain Aliasing. Aliasing occurs when the oscilloscope does not

sample the signal fast enough to construct an accurate waveform record. When this happens, the oscilloscope displays a waveform with a frequency lower than the actual input waveform, or triggers and displays an unstable waveform.

Actual high-frequency

waveform

Apparent low-frequency

waveform due to aliasing

Sampled points

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

3- 9

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

The oscilloscope accurately represents signals, but is limited by the probe bandwidth, the oscilloscope bandwidth, and the sample rate. To avoid aliasing, the oscilloscope must sample the signal more than twice as fast as the highest frequency component of the signal.

The highest frequency that the oscilloscope sampling rate can theoretically represent is the Nyquist frequency. The sample rate is called the Nyquist rate, and is twice the Nyquist frequency.

Oscilloscope models with 100 MHz bandwidth sample at rates up to 1 GS/s. Models with 200 MHz bandwidth sample at rates up to 2 GS/s. In both cases, these maximum sample rates are at least ten times the bandwidth. These high sample rates help reduce the possibility of aliasing.

There are several ways to check for aliasing:

H Turn the SEC/DIV knob to change the horizontal scale. If the

shape of the waveform changes drastic ally, you may ha ve aliasing.

H Select the Peak Detect acquisition mode (described on

page 3--7). This mode samples the highest and lowest values so that the oscilloscope can detect faster signals. If the shape of the waveform changes drastically, you may have aliasing.

3- 10

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

H If the trigger frequency is faster than the display information, you

may have aliasing or a waveform that crosses the trigger level multiple times. Examining the waveform allows you to identify whether the shape of the signal is going to allow a single trigger crossing per cycle at the selected trigger level. If multiple triggers are likely to occur, select a trigger level that will generate only a single trigger per cycle. If the trigger freque ncy is still faster than the display indicates, you may have aliasing.

If the trigger frequency is slower, this test is not useful.

H If the signal you are viewing is also the trigger source, use the

graticule or the cursors to estimate the frequency of the displayed waveform. Compare this to the Trigger Frequency readout in the lower right corner of the screen. If they differ by a large amount, you may have aliasing.

The next table lists the time base settings that you can use to avoid aliasing at various frequencies and the respective sample rate. At the fastest SEC/DIV setting, aliasing is not likely to occur due to the bandwidth limitations of the oscilloscope input amplifiers.

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Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Settings to avoid aliasing in Sample mode

Time base (SEC/DIV)

2.5 ns 2GS/s 200.0 MHz**

Samples per second

Maximum frequency component

5.0 to 250.0 ns 1GS/sor 2GS/s*

500.0 ns 500.0 MS/s 200.0 MHz**

1.0 s

2.5 s

5.0 s

10.0 s

25.0 s

50.0 s

100.0 s

250.0 s

500.0 s

* Depending on the oscilloscope model.

** Bandwidth reduced to 6 MHz w ith a P2220 probe set to 1X.

250.0 MS/s 125.0 MHz**

100.0 MS/s 50.0 MHz**

50.0 MS/s 25.0 MHz**

25.0 MS/s 12.5 MHz**

10.0 MS/s 5.0 MHz

5.0 MS/s 2.5 MHz

2.5 MS/s 1.25 MHz

1.0 MS/s 500.0 kHz

500.0 kS/s 250.0 kHz

200.0 MHz**

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TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Settings to avoid aliasing in Sample mode (Cont.)

Maximum Time base (SEC/DIV)

1.0 ms 250.0 kS/s 125.0 kHz

2.5 ms 100.0 kS/s 50.0 kHz

5.0 ms 50.0 kS/s 25.0 kHz

10.0 ms 25.0 kS/s 12.5 kHz

25.0 ms 10.0 kS/s 5.0 kHz

50.0 ms 5.0 kS/s 2.5 kHz

100.0 ms 2.5 kS/s 1.25 kHz

250.0 ms 1.0 kS/s 500.0 Hz

500.0 ms 500.0 S/s 250.0 Hz

1.0 s 250.0 S/s 125.0 Hz

2.5 s 100.0 S/s 50.0 Hz

Samples per second

frequency

component

5.0 s 50.0 S/s 25.0 Hz

10.0 s 25.0 S/s 12.5 Hz

25.0 s 10.0 S/s 5.0 Hz

50.0 s 5.0 S/s 2.5 Hz

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Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Taking Measurements

The oscilloscope displays graphs of voltage versus time and can help you to measure the displayed waveform.

There are several ways to take measurements. You can use the graticule, the cursors, or an automated measurement.

Graticule

This method allows you to make a quick, visual estimate. For example, you might look at a waveform amplitude and determine that it is a little more than 100 mV.

You can take simple measurements by counting the major and minor graticule divisions involve d and multiplying by the scale factor.

For example, if you counted five major vertical grati cule divisions between the minimum and maximum values of a waveform and knew you had a scale factor of 100 mV/division, then you could easily calculate your peak-to-peak voltage as follows:

5 divisions x 100 mV/division = 500 mV.

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Cursor

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Cursors

This method allows you to take measurements by moving the cursors, which always appear in pairs, and reading their numeric values from the display readouts. There are two types of cursors: Amplitude and Time.

When you use cursors, be sure to set the Source to the waveform on the display that you want to measure.

To use cursors, push the CURSOR button.

Amplitude Cursors. Amplitude cursors appear as horizontal lines on

the display and measure the vertical parameters. Amplitudes are referenced to the reference level. For the Math FFT function, these cursors measure magnitude.

Time Cursors. Time cursors appear as vertical lines on the display and

measure both horizontal and vertical parameters. Times are referenced to the trigger point. For the Math FFT function, these cursors measure frequency.

Time cursors also include a readout of the waveform amplitude at the point the waveform crosses the cursor.

Automatic

The MEASURE Menu can take up to five automatic measurements. When you take automatic measurements, the oscilloscope does all the calculating for you. Because the measurements use the waveform record points, they are more accurate than the graticule or cursor measurements.

Automatic measurements use readouts to show measurement results. These readouts are updated periodically as the oscilloscope acquires new data.

For measurement descriptions, refer to page 9--25 in the Reference chapter.

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Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

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TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

This section presents a series of application examples. These simplified examples highlight the features of the oscilloscope and give you ideas for using it to solve your own test problems.

H Taking simple measurements

Using Autoset

Using the Measure Menu to take automatic measurements

Measuring two signals and calculating gain

H Using Autorange to examine a series of test points

H Using an isolated channel to analyze a differential communica-

tion signal

H Viewing an instantaneous power waveform

H Taking cursor measurements

Measuring ring frequency and ring amplitude

Measuring pulse width

Measuring rise time

H Analyzing signal detail

Looking at a noisy signal

Using the average function to separa te a signal from noise

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Application Examples

H Capturing a single-shot signal

Optimizing the acquisition

H Measuring propagation delay

H Triggering on a pulse width

H Triggering on a video signal

Triggering on video fields and video lines

Using the window function to see waveform details

H Viewing i mpedance change s in a network using XY mode and

persistence

Taking Simple Measurements

You need to see a signal in a circuit, but you do not know the amplitude or frequency of the signal. You want to quickly display the signal and measure the frequency, period, and peak-to-peak amplitude.

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CH 1

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Using Autoset

To quickly display a signal, follow these steps:

1. Push the CH 1 MENU button.

Application Examples

2. Push Probe

3. Set the switch to 10X on the P2220 probe.

4. Connect the channel 1 probe tip to the signal. Connect the

reference lead to the circuit reference point.

5. Push the AUTOSET button.

The oscilloscope sets the vertical, horizontal, and trigger controls automatically. If you want to optimize the display of the waveform, you can manually adjust these controls.

NOTE. The oscilloscope displays relevant automatic measurements in the waveform area of the screen based on the signal type detected.

For oscilloscope-specific descriptions, refer to page 9-- 10 in the Reference chapter.

Taking Automatic M easurem ents

The oscilloscope can take automatic measurements of most displayed signals. To measure signal frequency, period, and peak-to-peak amplitude, rise time, and positive width, follow these steps:

1. Push the MEASURE button to see the Measure Menu.

 Voltage Attenuation 10X.

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Application Examples

2. Push the top option button; the Measure 1 Menu appears.

3. Push Type

The Va lu e readout displays the measurement and updates.

NOTE. If a question mark (?) displays in the Value readout, turn the VOLTS/DIV knob for the appropriate channel to increase the sensitivity or change the SEC/DIV setting.

4. Push the Back option button.

5. Push the second option button from the top; the Measure 2 Menu

appears.

6. Push Type

The Va lu e readout displays the measurement and updates.

7. Push the Back option button.

8. Push the middle option button; the Measure 3 Menu appears.

9. Push Type

The Va lu e readout displays the measurement and updates.

10. Push the Back option button.

11. Push the second option button from the bottom; the Measure 4

Menu appears.

 Freq.

 Period.

 Pk-Pk.

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12. Push Type

The Va lu e readout displays the measurement and updates.

 Rise Time.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

13. Push the Back option button.

14. Push the bottom option button; the Mea sure 5 Menu appears.

15. Push Type

The Va lu e readout displays the measurement and updates.

16. Push the Back option button.

Measuring Two Signals

If you are testing a piece of equipment and need to mea sure the gai n of the audio amplifier, you will need an audio generator that can inject a test signal at the amplifier input. Connect two oscilloscope channels to the amplifier input and output as shown next. Measure both signal levels and use the measurem ents to calculate the gain.

 Pos Width.

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Application Examples

CH 1 CH 2

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TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

To activate and display the signals connected to channel 1 and to channel 2, and select measurements for the two channels, follow these steps:

1. Push the AUTOSET button.

2. Push the MEASURE button to see the Measure Menu.

3. Push the top option button; the Measure 1 Menu appears.

4. Push Source

5. Push Type

6. Push the Back option button.

7. Push the second option button from the top; the Measure 2 Menu

appears.

8. Push Source CH2.

9. Push Type

10. Push the Back option button.

Read the displayed peak-to-peak amplitudes for both channels.

11. To calculate the amplifier voltage gain, use these equations:

VoltageGain =

VoltageGain (dB) = 20 x log10(VoltageGain)

 CH1.

 Pk-Pk.

output amplitude

input amplitude

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Application Examples

Using Autorange to Examine a Series of Test Points

If you have a machine that is malfunctioning, you may need to find the frequency and RMS voltage of several test points, and compare these values to ideal values. You are not able to access front-panel controls since you need to use both hands when probing test points that are difficult to physically reach.

1. Push the CH 1 MENU button.

2. Push Probe

attenuation of the probe attached to channel 1.

3. Push the AUTORANGE button to activate autoranging.

4. Push the MEASURE button to see the Measure Menu.

5. Push the top option button; the Measure 1 Menu appears.

6. Push Source

7. Push Type

8. Push the Back option button.

9. Push the second option button from the top; the Measure 2 Menu

appears.

10. Push Source CH1.

11. Push Type

 Voltage  Attenuation and set to match the

 CH1.

 Frequency.

 Cyc RMS.

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TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

12. Push the Back option button.

13. Attach the probe tip and reference lead to the first test point.

Read the frequency and cycle RMS measurements from the oscilloscope display and compare these to the ideal values.

14. Repeat step 13 for each test point, until you find the m alfunction-

ing component.

NOTE. When Autorange is active, each time you move the probe to another test point, the oscilloscope readjusts the horizontal scale, the vertical scale, and the trigger level, to give you a useful display.

Using an Isolated Channel to Analyze a Differential Communication Signal

You are having intermittent problems with a serial data communication link, and you suspect poor signal quality. Set up the oscilloscope to show you a snapshot of the serial data stream so you can verify the signal levels and transition times.

This is a differential signal. Because the oscilloscope has isolated channels, you can view the signal with a single probe.

WARNING. Do not float the P2220 probe reference lead to > 30

. Use the P5120 (floatable to 600 V

RMS

CAT III) or similarly rated, passive, high voltage probe or an appropriately rated, high voltage, differential probe when floating the reference lead above 30 V

, subject to the ratings of such high

RMS

voltage probe.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

CAT II or 300 V

RMS

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Application Examples

To view the differential signal, follow these steps:

CH 1

4- 10

1. Connect the probe tip to one side of the signal.

2. Connect the probe reference lead to the other side of the signal.

3. Push the AUTOSET button.

For a more stable display, push the SINGLE SEQ butt on to control the acquisition of the waveform. Each time you push the button, the oscilloscope acquires a snapshot of the digital data stream. You can use the cursors or automatic measurements to analyze the waveform, or you can store the waveform to analyze later.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

Viewing a Math Instantaneous Power Waveform

You can use a voltage probe, a current probe, and the oscilloscope math multiply function to view an instantaneous power waveform.

NOTE. Be sure to understand the rating of the voltage or current probes you are using. Do not exceed the probe rating. See page 1--5.

Ch 2Ch 1

To view a math instantaneous power waveform, follow these steps:

1. Connect a voltage probe to channel 1, and a current probe to

channel 2.

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Application Examples

WARNING. Do not float the P2220 probe reference lead to > 30

. Use the P5120 (floatable to 600 V

RMS

CAT III) or similarly rated, passive, high voltage probe or an appropriately rated, high voltage, differential probe when floating the reference lead above 30 V voltage probe.

2. Push the CH 1 MENU button.

CAT II or 300 V

RMS

, subject to the ratings of such high

RMS

3. Push Probe

 Voltage  Attenuation and set to match the

attenuation of the voltage probe.

4. Push the CH 2 MENU button.

5. Push Probe

 Current Scale and set to match the scale of the

current probe.

6. Push the AUTOSET button.

7. Push MATH MENU

8. Push Sources

 CH1×CH2.

 Operation × (multiply).

NOTE. The vertical units of the instantaneous power waveform are VA.

Voltage

Current Power

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TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

9. To obtain a better view of the Math instantaneous power

waveform, you can use the following oscilloscope functions:

H From the Math menu, push the Position option button and

turn the multipurpose knob to adjust the vertical position

H From the Math menu, push the Vertical Scale option button

and turn the multipurpose knob to adjust the vertical scale

H Turn the SEC/DIV knob to adjust the horizontal scale

H Push the CH 1 MENU and CH 2 MENU buttons to remove

the channel waveforms from the display

Taking Cursor Measurements

You can use the cursors to quickly take time and amplitude measurements on a waveform.

Measuring Ring Frequency and Amplitude

To measure the ring frequency at the rising edge of a signal, follow these steps:

Application Examples

1. Push the CURSOR button to see the Cursor Menu.

2. Push Type

3. Push Source

4. Push the Cursor 1 option button.

5. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor on the first peak of

the ring.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

 Time.

 CH1.

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Application Examples

6. Push the Cursor 2 option button.

7. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor on the second peak

of the ring.

You can see the n (delta) time and frequency (the measured ring frequency) in the Cursor Menu.

8. Push Type  Amplitude.

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9. Push the Cursor 1 option button.

10. Turn the multipurpose knob to pla ce a cursor on the first peak of

the ring.

11. Push the Cursor 2 option button.

12. Turn the multipurpose knob to place Cursor 2 on the lowest part

of the ring.

You can see the amplitude of the ring in the Cursor Menu.

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