Tektronix TPS2000 Series User manual

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ZZZ

TPS2000 Series Digital Storage Oscilloscope

User Manual

*P071144104*

071-1441-04

ZZZ

TPS2000 Series Digital Storage Oscill

User Manual

oscope

www.tektronix.com

071-1441-04

Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pendin g. Information in this publication supersedes that in all previously published material. Speciﬁcations and p

TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.

OpenChoice and Wavestar are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.

served. Licensed software products are

rice change privileges reserved.

Tektronix is an authoriz

ed licensee of the CompactFlash® trademark.

Contacting Tektronix

Tektronix, Inc. 14200 SW Karl Braun Drive P.O. Box 500 Beaverton, OR 97077 USA

For pro duct information, sales, service, and technical support:

In North Am erica, call 1-800-833-9200. Worldwide, visit www.tektronix.com to ﬁnd contacts in your area.

TPS2000 Series Oscilloscope

Warranty

Tektronix warrants that the product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of three (3) years fr Tektronix distributor. If the product proves defective during this warranty period, Tektronix, at its option, eith and labor, or will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective product. Batteries are excluded from this warra Tektronix for warranty work may be new or reconditioned to like new performance. A ll replaced parts, modules an

In order to obtain service under this warranty, Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the expiration of the warranty period and make suitable arrangements for the performance of service. Customer shall be responsible for packaging and shipping the defective product to the service center designated by Tektronix, shipping charges prepaid, and with a copy of customer proof of purchase. Tektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which the Tektronix service center is located. Customer shall be responsible for paying all shipping charges, duties, taxes, and any other charges for products returned to any other locations.

This warranty shall not apply to any defect, failure or damage caused by improper use or improper or inadequate maintenance and care. Tektronix shall not be obligated to furnish service under this warranty a) to repair damage resulting from attempts by personnel other than Tektronix representatives to install, repair or service t he product; b) to repair damage resulting from improper use or connection to incompatible equipment; c) to repair any damage or malfunction caused by the use of non-Tektronix supplies; or d) to service a product that has been modiﬁed or integrated with other products when the effect of such modiﬁcation or integration increases the time or difﬁculty of servicing the product.

THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN BY TEKTRONIX WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCT TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS D ISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHA RESPONSIBILITY TO REPAIR OR REPLACE DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS IS THE SOLE A BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS WILL NOT BE LIAB DAMAGES IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER TEKTRONIX OR THE VENDOR HAS ADV

[W16 – 15AUG04]

IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.

NTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. TEKTRONIX’

ND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO THE CUSTOMER FOR

LE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL

ANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

om the date of original purchase from an authorized

er will repair the defective product without charge for parts

nty. Parts, modules and replacement products used by

d products become the property of Tektronix.

P2220 Probe

Warranty

Tektronix warrants that this product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one ( proves defective during this warranty period, Tektronix, at its option, either will repair the defective product without in exchange for the defective product. Parts, modules and replacement products used by Tektronix for warranty work replaced parts, modules and products become the property of Tektronix.

In order to obtain service under this warranty, Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the expiration of the warranty period and make suitable arrangements for the performance of service. Customer shall be responsible for packaging and shipping the defective product to the service center designated by Tektronix, with shipping charges prepaid. Tektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which the Tektronix service center is located. Customer shall be responsible for paying all shipping charges, duties, taxes, and any other charges for products returned to any other locations.

This warranty shall not apply to any defect, failure or damage caused by improper use or improper or inadequate maintenance and care. Tektronix shall not be obligated to furnish service under this warranty a) to repair damage resulting from attempts by personnel other than Tektronix representatives to install, repair or service the product; b) to repair damage resulting from improper use or connection to incompatible equipment; c) to repair any damage or malfunction caused by the use of non-Tektronix supplies; or d) to service a product that has been modiﬁed or integrated with other products when the effect of such modiﬁcation or integration increases the time or difﬁculty of servicing the product.

THIS WARRA PRODUCT IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. TEKTRON MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. TEKTRONIX’ RESPON SOLE AN D EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO THE CUSTOMER FOR BREAC LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMA ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

[W2 – 15AUG04]

NTY IS GIVEN BY TEKTR ONIX WITH RESPECT TO THE

IX AND ITS VENDORS DISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF

SIBILITY TO REPAIR OR REPLACE DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS IS THE

H OF THIS WARRANTY. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS WILL NOT BE

GES IRRESPECTIVE O F WHETHER TEKTRONIX OR THE VENDOR HAS

1) year from the date of shipment. If any such product

charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacement

may be new or reconditioned to like new performance. All

TPSBAT Battery Pack

Warranty

Tektronix warrants that the product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of three (3) months f Tektronix distributor. If the product proves defective during this warranty period, Tektronix, at its option, eith and labor, or will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective product. Batteries are excluded from this warra Tektronix for warranty work may be new or reconditioned to like new performance. A ll replaced parts, modules an

[W14 – 15AUG04]

IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.

NTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. TEKTRONIX’

ND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO THE CUSTOMER FOR

LE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL

ANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

rom the date of original purchase from an authorized

er will repair the defective product without charge for parts

nty. Parts, modules and replacement products used by

d products become the property of Tektronix.

Table of Contents

General Safety Summary ..................... .......................... iv

Compliance Information...................... ......................... vii

EMC Compliance .................. ............................... vii

Safety Compliance .. ............................................... ix

Environmental Considerations .................................... xi

Preface............................................................ ...... xiii

Help System ................................. ..................... xiv

Conventions........................................... ............. xv

Getting Started ................................................ ............ 1

General Features.............. ....................................... 1

Taking Floating Measurements .............................. ...... 3

Installation ......................................... .................. 5

Probes ............................ .................................. 10

Functional Check................................................. . 11

Probe Safety ......... .............................................. 12

Voltage Probe Check Wizard...... ............................... 13

Manual Probe Compensation........................... .......... 14

Voltage Probe Attenuation Setting ............................... 15

Current Probe Scaling............................................. 16

Self Calibration.......................................... .......... 16

Operating Basics.......... .............................................. 17

Display Area ....................................... ................ 18

Using the Menu System ...................................... .... 21

Vertical Controls................................................... 23

Horizontal Controls ...................... ......................... 24

Trigger Controls .................................................. . 25

Menu and Control Buttons ................................... .... 26

Input Connectors ................................................. . 29

Other Front-Panel Items .......................... ................ 29

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions............................... 31

Setting Up the Oscilloscope ................ ...................... 31

iggering .................................... ...................... 32

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual i

Table of Contents

Acquiring Signals ...................... ........................... 35

Scaling and Positioning Waveforms........ ..................... 36

Taking Measurements............ ................................. 40

Application Examples.............. .................................... 43

Taking Simple Measurements........................... ......... 44

Using Autorange to Examine a Series of Test Points........... 50

Using an Isolated Channel to Analyze a Differential Communication

Viewing a Math Instantaneous Power Waveform .............. 52

Taking Cursor Measurements ..................... ............... 54

Analyzing Signal Detail ...... .................................... 59

Capturing a Single-Shot Signal .... .............................. 62

Measuring Propagation Delay.................................... 64

Triggering on a Speciﬁc Pulse Width............................ 65

Triggering on a Video Signal....... .............................. 67

Viewing Impedance Changes in a Network ..................... 72

Math FFT. ................................................ ............... 75

Setting Up the Time-Domain Waveform ............... ......... 75

Displaying the FFT Spectrum... ................................. 77

Selecting an FFT Window.... .................................... 78

Magnifying and Positioning an FFT Spectrum ................. 82

Measuring an FFT Spectrum Using Cursors..... ............... 83

Communications (RS-232 and Centronics) .. ........................ 85

Sending a Screen Image to an External Device................. 85

Setting Up and Testing the RS-232 Interface .... ............... 88

Command Entry............... .................................... 94

Removable Mass Storage .............................................. 95

Installing and Removing a CompactFlash (CF) Card . .. . .. . .. . 95

File Management Conventions................................... 97

Using the Save function of the PRINT Button.................. 98

Managing TPSBAT Battery Packs......... .......................... 101

Maintaining Battery Packs....................................... 102

General Charging Guidelines.................................... 102

Checking the Charge and Calibration Status..... .............. 103

Charging TPSBAT Battery Packs ............................... 104

Signal......................... ................................. 51

ii TPS2000 S er ies Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Table of Contents

Calibrating Battery Packs. ....................................... 106

Handling Battery Packs................................. ......... 108

Storing and Transporting Battery Packs...... .................. 108

Replacing Battery Packs ...................................... ... 109

Reference............ ................................................... 111

Acquire........................ .................................... 111

Application.................................................. ...... 114

Autorange........................ ................................. 114

Autoset ..................... ....................................... 116

Cursor ............................ ................................. 120

Default Setup .......................... ........................... 121

Display ..................... ....................................... 121

Help ............... ................................................ 125

Horizontal........................... .............................. 125

Math ............................................. .................. 127

Measure ........... ................................................ 129

Print .................................... ........................... 130

Probe Check ......... ............................................. 131

Save/Recall . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. 131

Trigger Controls .................................................. 137

Utility.. ................................................ ............ 144

Vertical Controls.................................................. 148

Appendix A : Speciﬁcations........................................... 151

Oscilloscope Speciﬁcations...................................... 151

P2220 Probe Speciﬁcations.............. ........................ 162

Appendix B: Accessories ....................................... ...... 165

Appendix C: Cleaning ........................... ..................... 171

General Care ....................................... ............... 171

Cleaning.................... ....................................... 171

Appendix D: Default Setup..................................... ...... 173

Appendix E: Font Licenses ........................................ ... 177

Appendix F : TPS2000 Compatible Probe Maximum Voltages ... . 179

Index

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual iii

General Safety Summary

Review the following safety precautions to avoid injury and prevent damage to this product or an y products connected to it.

To avoid potential hazards, use this product only as speciﬁed.

Only q ualiﬁed personnel should perform service procedures.

To Avoid Fire or Personal Injury

Use Proper Power Cord. Use only the power cord speciﬁed for this

product and certiﬁed for the country of use.

Connect and Disconnect Properly. Do not connect or disconnect probes or

test leads while they are connected to a voltage source.

Connect and Disconnect Properly. Connect the probe output to the

measurement instrument before connecting the probe to the circuit under test. Connec before connecting the probe input. Disconnect the probe input and the probe r eference lead from the circuit under test before disconnecting the probe from th

t the probe reference lead to the circuit under test

e m easurement instrument.

Observe All Terminal Ratings. To avo i d ﬁre or shock h azard, observe all

ratings and m a further ratings information before making connections to the product.

Do not apply a terminal, that exceeds the maximum rating of that terminal.

Power Disc

power source. Do not block the power cord; it must remain accessible to the user at all times.

Do Not Operate Without Covers. Do not operate this product with covers

or panels removed.

Do Not Operate With Suspected Failures. If you suspect that there is

damage to this product, have it inspected by qualiﬁed service personnel.

Avoid Exposed Circuitry. Do not touch exposed connections and

components when power is present.

iv TPS2000 S er ies Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

rkings on the product. Consult the product manual for

potential to any terminal, including the common

onnect.

The power cord disco nnects the product from the

General Safety Summary

Replace Batteries Properly. Replace batter ies only with the speciﬁed type

and rating.

Recharge Batteries Properly. Recharge batteries for the recommended

charge cycle only.

Use Proper AC Adapter. Use only the AC adapter speciﬁed for this

product.

Do Not Operate in Wet/Damp Conditions.

Do Not Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere.

Keep Product Surfaces Clean and Dry.

Provide Proper Ventilation.

Refer to the manual’s installation instructions

for details on installing t he product so it has proper ventilation.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual v

General Safety Summary

Terms in this Manual

These terms may appear in this manual:

WARNING. Warning statements identify conditions or practices th at could

result in injury or loss of life.

CAUTION. Caution statements identify conditions or practices that could

result in damage to this product or other property.

Symbols and Terms on the Product

These terms may appear on the product:

DANGER indicates an injury hazard immediately accessible as you read the marking.

WARNING indicates an injury hazard not immediately accessible as you read the marking.

CAUTION indicates a hazard to property including the product.

The follow ing symbol(s) may appear on the product:

vi TPS2 000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Compliance Information

This section lists the EMC (ele environmental standards with which the instrument complies.

EMC Compliance

EC Declaration of Conformity – EMC

Meets intent of Directive 2004/108/EC for Electromagnetic Compatibility. Compliance was demonstrated to the following speciﬁcations as listed in the Ofﬁcial Jo urnal of the European Communities:

EN 61326-1:2006, EN 61326-2-1:2006. EMC requirements f or electrical

equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use.

CISPR 11:2003. Radiated and conducted emissions, Group 1, Class A

IEC 610 00-4-2:2 001 . Electrostatic discharge immunity

IEC 61000 -4 -3:200 2. RF electromagnetic ﬁeld immunity

IEC 61000-4-4:2 004 . Electrical fast transient/burst immunity

IEC 6 100 0-4-5 :20 01. Power l ine surge immunity

IEC 61000-4-6:2003. Conducted RF immunity

IEC 61000-4 -11:2004. Voltage dips an d interruptions immunity

ctromagnetic compliance), safety, and

123

EN 61000-3-2:2006. AC power line harmonic emissions

EN 61000-3-3:1995. Voltage changes, ﬂuctuations, and ﬂicker

European Contact.

Tektronix UK, Ltd. Western Peninsula West e rn Road Bracknell, RG12 1RF United Kingdom

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual vii

Compliance Information

This product is intended for use in nonresidential areas only. Use in residential areas may cause electromagnetic interference.

Emissions which exceed the levels required by this standard may occur when this equipment is connected to a test o

To ensure compliance with the EMC standards listed here, high quality shielded interface cables should be used.

The increase in trace noise while subjected to the test ﬁeld (3 V/m over the frequency ranges of 80 MHz to 1 GHz and 1.4 GHz to 2.0 GHz, with 80% amplitude modulation at 1 kHz) and (1 V/m over the frequency range of 2.0 GHz to 2.7 GHz, with 80% amplitude modulation at 1 kHz) is not to exceed two major divisions peak-to-peak. Ambient conducted ﬁelds may induce triggering when the trigger threshold is offset less than one major division from channe

The increase in trace noise while subjected to the test ﬁeld (3 V rms over the frequency range of 150 kHz to 80 MHz, with 80% amplitude modulation at 1 kHz) is not to exceed one major division peak-to-peak. Ambient conducted ﬁelds may induce triggering when the trigger threshold is offs

Performance Criterion C applied at the 70%/25 cycle Voltage-Dip and the 0%/250 cycle Voltage-Interruption test levels (IEC 61000-4-11).

bject.

l reference.

et less than 0.5 major divisions from channel reference.

Australia / New Zealand De

claration of Conformity – EMC

Complies with the EMC provision of the Radiocommunications Act per the following standard,

in accordance with ACMA:

CISPR 11:2003. Radiated and Condu cted Emissions, Group 1, Class A, in accordan

ce with EN 61326-1:2006 and

EN 61326-2-1:2006.

viii TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

Safety Compliance

EC Declaration of Conformity – Low Voltage

Compliance was demonstrated to the following speciﬁcation as listed in the Ofﬁcial Journal of the European Communities:

Low Voltage Directive 2006/95/EC.

EN 6 101 0-1 : 2001. Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement control and laboratory use.

U.S. Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory Listing

UL61010B-1:2003, First Edition, Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use.

Canadian Certiﬁcation

CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 1010.1-92 - Safety Requirements for

rical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory

Elect Use.

CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 101 0.1B 97 - Amendment 2 to CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 1010.1-92 - Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use.

Compliance Information

Additional Compliances

IEC 610 10-1: 2001. Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use.

Equipment Type

Test and measuring equipment.

Pollution Degree Description

A measure of the contaminants that could occur in the environment around and within a product. Typically the internal environment inside a pro duct is considered to be the same as the extern al. Products should be used only in the environment for which they are rated.

Pollution Degree 1. No pollution or only dry, nonconductive pollution occurs. Products in this catego ry are generally encapsulated, hermetically sealed, or located in clean rooms.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual ix

Compliance Information

Pollution Degree 2. Normally only dry, nonconductive pollution occurs. O ccasionally a tem porary conductivity that is caused by condensation must be expected. This location is a typical ofﬁce/home environment. Temporary condensation occurs only when the p roduct is out of service.

Pollution Degree 3. Conductive pollution, or dry, nonconductive pollution that becomes conductive due to con densation. These are sheltered locations where neither temperature nor humidity is controlled. The area is protected from direct sunshine, rain, or direct wind.

Pollution Deg ree 4. Pollution that generates persistent conductivity through conductive dust, rain, or snow. Ty pical outdoor locations.

Pollution Degree

Pollution Degree 2 (as deﬁned in IEC 61 010 -1). Note: Rated for indoor use only.

Installation (Overvoltage) Category Descriptions

Terminals on this product may have different installation (overvoltage) category designations. The installation categories are:

Measurement Category IV. For measurements performed at the source of low-voltage installation.

Measurement Category III. For measurements perform ed in the building installation.

Measurement Category II. For measurements performed on circuits directly connected to the low-voltage installation.

Measurement Category I. For measurements performed on circuits not directly connected to MAINS.

Overvoltage Category

Overvoltage C ategory II (as deﬁned in IEC 61010-1)

x TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Environmental Considerations

This section provides information about the environ men tal impact of the product.

Product End-of-Life Handling

Observe the following guidelines when recycling an instrument or component:

Equipment Recycling. Production of this equipment required the

extraction and use of natural resources. The equipment may contain substances that could b if improperly handled at the product’s end of life. In order to avoid release of such substances into the environment and to reduce the use of natural resources appropriate system that will ensure that most of the materials are reused or recycled appropriately.

e harmful to the environment or h um an health

, we encourage y ou to recycle this product in an

Compliance Information

This symbol indica applicable Europ Directives 2002 electronic equi about recyclin the Tektronix

Battery Rec yclin g.

This product con tai ns a lithium ion (Li-ion)

tes that this product complies with the

ean Union requirements according to

/96/EC and 2006/66/EC on waste electrical and

pment (WEEE) and batteries. For information

g options, check the Support/Service section of

Web site (www.tektronix.com).

rechargeable battery, which m ust be recycled or disposed of properly.

Lithium-Ion batteries are subject to disposal and recycling regulations that vary by country and region. Alw ays check and follow your applicable regulatio ns before disposing of any battery. Contact Rechargeable Battery Recycling Corporation (www.rbrc.org) for U.S.A. and Canada, or your local battery recycling organization.

Many countries prohibit the disposal of waste electronic equipment in standard waste receptacles.

Place only discharged batteries in a battery collection container. Use electrical tape o r other approved covering over the battery connection points to prevent short circuits.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual xi

Compliance Information

Mercury Notiﬁcation. This product uses a n LCD backlight lamp that

contains mercury. Disposal may be regulated due to environmental considerations. Please contact your local authorities or, within the United States, refer to the E-cycling Central Web page (www.eiae.org) for disposal or recycling information.

Transporting Batteries

The capacity of the lithium ion rechargeable battery pack in this product is under 100 Wh. The lithium-equivalent content, as deﬁnedbythe UN Man ual of Tests and Criteria Part III Section 38.3, is under 8 g per pack and 1.5 g per individual cell.

Always check all applicable local, national, and international regulations before transporting a Lithium-Ion battery.

Transporting an end-of-life, damaged, or recalled battery may, in certain cases, be speciﬁcally limited or prohibited.

Restriction of Hazardous Substances

This product has been classiﬁed as Monitoring and Control equipment, and is outside the scope of the 2002/9 5/EC RoHS Directive.

xii TPS2000 Series Digital O scillo sco pe User Manual

Preface

This manual contains operating information for the TPS2000 Series Digital Storage O scilloscopes. The manual consists of the following chapters:

Preface

The Getting Started chapter brieﬂy describes features of the oscilloscope and provides installation instructions.

The Operating Basics chapter covers operating principles of the oscilloscopes.

The Understanding Oscilloscope Functions chapter describes basic operations and functions of an oscilloscope: setting up the oscilloscope, triggering, acquiring data, scaling and positionin g waveforms, and taking measurements.

The A p plication E xamples chapter provides examples on h ow to solve a variety of measurement problems.

The Math FFT chapter describes how to use the Math Fast Fourier Transform function to convert a time-domain signal into its frequency components (spectrum).

The Commu nica tions chapter describes how to set up the RS-232 and Centronics ports to use the oscilloscope with external devices, such as printers and computers.

The Removable Mass Storage chapter describes how to use a CompactFlash card and oscilloscope functions available when a cardisinuse.

The Managing T PSBAT Battery Packs chapter describes how to use, charge, calibrate, and replace battery packs.

The Reference chapter describes the selections or available range of values for each option.

The Appendix A: Speciﬁcations chapter includes electrical, environmental, and physical speciﬁcations for the oscilloscope and the P2220 probe.

The Appendix B: Accessories chapter brieﬂy describes standard and optional accessories.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual xiii

Preface

The Appendix C: Cleaning chapter describes how to take care of the oscilloscope.

The Appendix D: Default Setup chapter contains a list of the menus and controls with the default (factory) settings that are recalled when you push the DEFAULT SETUP front-panel button.

The Appendix E: Font Licenses chapter provides the licenses to use speciﬁc Asian fonts.

The Appendix F: TPS2000 Compatible Probe Maximum Voltages chapter lists the m aximum voltages of compatible probes.

Help System

The oscilloscope has a Help system with topics that cover all the features of the oscilloscope. You can use the Help system to display several kinds of information:

General information about understanding and using the oscilloscope, such as Using the Menu System.

Information about speciﬁc menus and controls, such as the Vertical Position Control.

Advice about problems you may face while using an oscilloscope, such as Reducing Noise.

The Help system provides several ways to ﬁnd the inform a tio n you need: context-sensitive help, hyperlinks, and an index.

Context-Se

The oscilloscope displays information about the last menu displayed on the screen help topics, an LED lights next to the multipurpose knob to indicate that the knob is active. If the topic uses more than one page, turn the multipu

xiv TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

nsitive Help

when you push the HELP front-panel button. When viewing

rpose kno b to move fro m page to page within the topic.

Hyperlinks

Most of the help topics contain phrases marked with angle brackets, such as <Autoset>. These are links to other topics. Turn the mu ltipurpose knob to move the highlight from one link to another. Push the Show Topic option button to display the topic corresponding to the highlighted link. P ush the Back option button to return to t he previous topic.

Index

Push the front-panel HELP button, then push the Index option button. Push the Page Up or Page Dow n option buttons until you ﬁnd the index page that contains the to knob to highlight a help topic. Push the Show Topic option button to display the topic.

NOTE. Push the Exit option button or any menu button to remove the Help

text from the screen and return to displaying waveforms.

Conventions

Preface

pic you want to view. Turn the multipurpose

This manual uses the following conventions:

Front-panel buttons, knobs and connectors appear in all uppercase letters. For example: HELP, P RINT.

Menu options app ear with the ﬁrst letter of each w ord in upper case. For example: Peak Detect, Window Zone.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual xv

Preface

Multipurpose knob

Front-panel buttons and knob labels

— All upper case

Option buttons — Firs

NOTE. Option buttons may also be called screen buttons, side-menu

buttons, bezel buttons, or soft keys.

tletterofeachwordonscreenisuppercase

The ► delimiter separates a series of button pushes. For example, UTILITY ► Options ► RS232 Setup means that you push the UTILITY front-panel button, then push the Options option button, and th en push the RS232 Setup option button. Multiple pushes of an option button may be required to select the desired option.

xvi TPS2 000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Getting Started

TPS2000 Series Digital Storag benchtop oscilloscope you can use to take ground-referenced measurements.

This chapter describes how to do the following tasks:

Take ﬂoating measurements

Install your product

Charge battery packs

Perform a brief functional check

Perform a probe check and compensate probes

Match your probe attenuation factor

Use the self calibra ti on routi ne

NOTE. You can select a language to display on the screen when you power

on the oscilloscope. At any time, you can also access the UTILITY ► Language optio n to select a language.

General Features

The next table and list describe the general features.

e Oscilloscopes a re small, lightweigh t,

Model Channels Bandwidth Sample rate

TPS2012

TPS2014

TPS2024

Battery powered or line powered

Two rechargeable battery packs (second battery pack optional)

Independently isolated channels with no shared common ground

TPS2PWR1 Power A nal ysis application (optional)

Support for compatible voltage probes and current probes

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 1

2100MHz

4100MHz

4200MHz

1.0 GS/s

2.0 GS/s

Getting Started

Context-sensitive help system

Color LCD display

Selectable 20 M Hz bandwidth limit

2500 point record length for each channel

Autoset

Autoranging for quick set up and hands-free operation

Probe Check Wizard

Cursors with readouts

Trigger frequency readout

Eleven automatic measurements

Waveform averaging and peak detection

Dual time base

Math functions: +, -, and × operations

Math Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)

Pulse Width trigger capability

Video trigger capability with line-selectable triggering

External trigger

Setup and waveform storage

Removable mass storage

Variable persistence display

RS-232 and Centronics ports

OpenChoice PC Communicatio ns software

User interface and help topics in ten languages

2 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Taking Floating Measurements

For taking ﬂ oating measurements, the oscilloscope channel and Ext Trig inputs ( 3 MΩ ) are isolated from the oscilloscope chassis and from each other. This allows independent ﬂoating measurements with channel 1, channel 2, and Ext Trig (and with channel 3 and channel 4 on four channel models).

Getting Started

The oscilloscope inputs ﬂoat even when the oscilloscope is connected to a grounded power supply, a grounded printer, or a grounded computer.

Most other oscilloscopes share a common reference for the oscilloscope channel and Ext Trig inputs. This reference is typically connected to earth ground through the power cord. With common-referenced oscilloscopes, all input signals must have the same common reference when you take any multi-channel measurements.

Without differential preampliﬁers or external signal isolators, common-referenced oscilloscopes are not suitable for taking ﬂoating measurements.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 3

Getting Started

Probe Connection

WARNING. To prevent e lectrical shock, do not exceed the measurement or

ﬂoating vo ltage ratings for the oscilloscope input BNC connector, probe tip, or probe reference lead.

Understand the voltage ratings for the probes you are using and do not exceed those ratings. T to know and understand:

he following voltage ratings are important

The m axim um measuremen

t voltage from the probe tip and BNC

signal to the probe reference lead

The m axim um measureme

nt voltage from the probe tip and BNC

shell to earth ground

The maximum ﬂoating

voltage from the probe reference lead to

earth ground

WARNING. To avoid an electric shock, do not use probes that require a

ground connection, such as the Tektronix P5200 High Voltage Differential Probe, with the TPS2000 series oscilloscopes. The P5200 High Voltage Differential Probe requires an oscilloscope with grounded inputs and the TPS2000 series oscilloscopes have ﬂoating inputs (isolated inputs).

WARNING. Do not ﬂoat the P2220 probe reference lead to > 30 V

the P 5120 probe (ﬂoatable to 600 V

CAT II or 300 V

RMS

CAT III) or

RMS

.Use

similarly rated, passive, high voltage probe (not the ground referenced P5100 probe), or an appropriately rated, high voltage, differential probe when ﬂoating the reference lead above 30 V

, subject to the ratings of

RMS

such high voltage probe.

To avoid electric shock when using probes with exposed metal parts, do not connect the reference lead to voltages above 30 V

RMS

These voltage ratings depend on the probe and your application. (See page 151, Speciﬁcations.)

4 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Getting Started

This m anual contains more information on probe safety. (See page 12, Probe Safety.)

Attach the Reference Leads Correctly

You must attach the probe reference lead for each channel directly to your circuit. These attachments are required because the oscilloscope channels are electrically isolated; they do not share a common connection. Use the shortest possible reference lead with each probe to maintain good signal ﬁdelity.

The probe reference lead presents a higher capacitive load to the circuit under test than the probe tip. When taking a ﬂoating measurement between two nodes of a circuit, attach the probe reference lead to the lowest im pedan ce or least dynamic of the two nodes.

BNC Connectors

The oscilloscope BNC reference connection is made on the inside of the BNC connector. The black bayonet on the o utside of the BNC connectors does not provide electrical contact. For a good connection, make su re your probe or cable connector is pushed on and twist locked. Replace cables or probes that have worn connectors.

Unterminated BNC Inputs

The black bayonet on the outside of the BNC input connectors does not shield the connector input from u nwanted electrical noise from nearby circuits. Connect a 50 Ω terminator or a BNC shorting plug to the input BNC connector when establishing a "No Sig nal" baseline condition.

Installation

You can use the oscilloscope AC adapter to power the oscillo scope or to charge battery packs w hen installed. To use the oscilloscope AC adapter as the pow er source, follow these steps:

1. Insert the DC connector end of the adapter into the DC INPUT connector on the back of the oscilloscope.

2. Connect th e appropriate power cord between the oscilloscope AC adapter and an electrical outlet.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 5

Getting Started

If battery packs are installed, an LED lights on the front of the oscilloscope to indicate when the battery packs are charging.

NOTE. The oscilloscope contains a temperature-sensing fan for cooling that

forces air through vents on the bottom and on the sid e of the oscilloscope. To allow air to ﬂow freely through the oscilloscope, do not block these vents.

Battery Pack

The o scilloscope can accommodate two TPSBAT battery packs. The product inc

ludes one battery pack that is not installed when shipped. The amount of time you can operate the oscilloscope with battery packs depends on the oscilloscope model.

Oscilloscope Amount of time to operate

2 channel 5.5 hours on one battery pack, 11 hours on two

4 channel 4.5 hours on one battery pack, 9 hou rs on two

6 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Getting Started

NOTE. The oscilloscope displays a message when approximately 10 minutes

of operating time remain on the battery packs.

This manual contains details on how to use, charge, calibrate, and replace battery packs. For example, battery packs need to be calibrated to accurately report available operating time. (See page 101, Managing TPSBAT Battery Packs.)

To install battery packs, f

ollow t hese steps:

1. Press the battery compartm e nt door latch on the the right side panel and open the battery com

partment.

2. Orient the battery pack as shown on the oscilloscope, an d install the pack. Battery packs ar

e keyed, so you can insert them only one way.

For single battery pack use, install a pack in the lower receptacle. This lowers the cent

er of gravity.

3. Close the battery compartment door.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 7

Getting Started

To remove the battery packs, follow these steps:

1. Press the battery compartment door latch on the the right side panel

2. Grab the strap and lift up.

3. Push the spring clip towards the outside of the battery pack and pull

4. Close the battery compartment door.

Charging Battery Packs

You can charge the battery packs in an oscilloscope or with the TPSCHG external battery charger. (See page 104, Charging TPSBAT Battery Packs.)

Power Cord

Use only power cords designed for the AC adapter for the oscilloscope or external charger. The AC adapter for the oscilloscope and external charger requires 9 0 to 264 VAC are available. (See Table 12 on page 166.)

and open the battery compartment.

the strap to remove the battery pack.

, 45 to 66 Hz. Optional power cords

RMS

Versatile Hanger

Use the versatile hanger to securely suspend the oscilloscope when you cannot place it on a stable surface, such as on a bench top.

To attach the hanger, follow these steps:

1. Position a hanger clip over one of the feet on the rear case so the clip is ﬂat against the case. Orient the slot at the top of the clip.

2. Push the clip up towards the top of the case to snap it in place.

8 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Getting Started

3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for the other clip.

4. Adjust the length of the nylon strap. A short strap helps to keep the

oscilloscope stationary while suspended.

NOTE. You can route the nylon strap through the handle on the oscilloscope

to provide a more stable center of gravity.

5. Place the hooks over a vertical support, such as a wall partition or

an instrument rack door.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 9

Getting Started

Security Lock

Use a standard laptop computer security cable to secure your oscilloscope to your location.

Probes

TPS2000 series oscilloscopes ship with P2220 passive voltage probes. (See page 12, Probe Safety.) (See page 151, Speciﬁcatio ns.)

10 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

You can use many Tektronix voltage probes and current probes with these oscilloscop es. Refer to Appendix B or the www.Tektronix.com Web site for a list of compatible probes.

Functional Check

Perform this functional check to verify th at your oscilloscope is operating correctly.

Getting Started

1. Power on the oscilloscope.

Push the DEFAULT SETUP button.

The default Probe option attenuation setting is 10X.

ON/STANDBY button

PROBE COMP

DEFAULT SETUP button

2. Set the switch to 10X on the P2220 p robe and connect the probe to channel 1 on the oscilloscope. To do this, align the slot in the probe connector with the key on the CH 1 BNC, push to connect, and twist to the right to lock the probe in place.

Connect the probe tip and reference lead to the PROBE COMP terminals.

3. Push the AUTOSET button. Within a few seconds, you should see a square wave in the display of about 5V peak-to-peak at 1kHz.

Push the CH1 MENU button on the front panel twice to remove channel 1, push the CH 2 MENU button to display channel 2, and repeat steps 2 and 3. For 4-channel models, repeat for CH 3 and CH 4.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 11

Getting Started

Probe Safety

Check and observe probe ratings before using probes.

A guard around the P2220 probe b ody provid es a ﬁnger barrier for protection from electric shock.

WARNING. To avoid electric shock when using the probe, keep ﬁngers

behind the guard on the probe body.

Finger guard

To avoid electric s of the probe head w

hock while using the probe, do no t touch metallic portions

hile it is connected to a voltage source.

Connect the probe to the oscilloscope, and connect the ground terminal to grou nd before you take any measurements.

Anyprobeorcableusedtoapplymorethan30VAC

(42 V peak) to

RMS

the oscilloscope BNC input connector must be third-party certiﬁed for the voltage to be applied, including rating the probe reference lead or cable shield to ﬂoat to 600 V

RMS

CAT II.

This manual contains important inform ation on isolated channels,

ﬂoating measurements, and high voltages. (See page 3, Taking Floating Measurements.)

12 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

Getting Started

WARNING. Do not ﬂoat the P2220 probe reference lead to > 30 V

the P 5120 probe (ﬂoatable to 600 V similarly rated, passive, high voltage probe (not the g round referenced P5100 probe), or an appropriately rated, high voltage, differential probe when ﬂoating the reference lead above 30 V such high voltage probe.

To avoid electric shock when using probes with exposed metal parts, do not connect the reference lead to voltages above 30 V

Vo ltage Probe Check Wizard

You can use the Probe Check Wizard to verify that a voltage probe is operating properly. The wizard does not support current probes.

The wizard helps you adjust the compensation for voltage probes (usually with a screw on the probe body or probe connector) and set the factor for the Attenuation option for each channel, such as in the CH 1 MENU ► Probe ► Vo l t a g e ► Attenuation option.

You should use the Probe Check Wizard each time you connect a voltage probe to an input channel.

To use the Probe Check Wizard, push the PROBE CHECK button. If the voltage probe is connected properly, compensated properly, and the Attenuation option in the oscilloscope VERTICAL menu is set to match the probe, the oscilloscope displays a PASSED message at the bottom of the screen. Otherwise, the oscilloscope displays directions on the screen to guide you in correcting these problems.

CAT II or 300 V

RMS

.Use

RMS

CAT III) or

RMS

, subject to the ratings of

RMS

NOTE. The Probe Check Wizard is useful for 1X, 10X, 20X, 50X, and 100X

probes. It is not useful for 500X or 1000X probes, or for probes connected to the EXT TRIG BNC.

NOTE. When the process is complete, the Probe Check Wizard restores the

oscilloscope settings (other than the Probe option) to what the y were before you pushed the PROBE CHECK button.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 13

Getting Started

To compensate a probe that you plan to use with the EXT TRIG input, follow these steps:

1. Connect the probe to any input channel BNC, such as to CH 1.

2. Push the PROBE CHECK button and follow the directions on

the screen.

3. After you verify that the probe functions and is compensated properly, connect the probe to the EXT TRIG BNC.

Manual Probe Compensation

As an alternative m ethod to the Probe Check Wizard, you can m anually perform this adjustment to match your probe to the input channel.

NOTE. Be sure to properly connect the voltage probe reference lead to the

PROBE COMP reference terminal because the oscillosco pe channels are isolated from the PROBE COMP terminals.

PROBE

COMP

AUTOSET

button

1. Push the CH 1 MENU ► Probe ► Vol tage ► Attenuation option and

select 10X. Set the switch to 10X on the P2220 probe and connect the probe to channel 1 on the oscilloscope. If you use the probe hook-tip, ensure a proper connection by ﬁrmly inserting the tip onto the probe.

2. Attach the probe tip to the PROBE COMP ~5V@1kHz terminal an d the reference lead to the PROBE COMP chassis terminal. Display the channel, and then push the AUTOSET button.

14 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

3. Check the shape of the displayed

waveform.

Overcompensated

Undercompensated

Compensated correctly

4. If necessary, adjust your probe. The

P2220 probe is shown.

Repeat as necessary.

Voltage Probe Attenuation Setting

Getting Started

Voltage probes are available with various attenuation factors which affect the vertical scale of the signal. The Probe Check Wizard veriﬁes that the atten

uation factor in the oscilloscop e matches the pro be.

As an alternative method to Probe Check, you can manually select the factor that m

atches the attenuation of your probe. For example, to match a probe set to 10X connected to CH 1, push the CH 1 MENU ► Probe ► Voltage ► Attenuation option, and select 10X.

NOTE. The default setting for the A ttenu ation option is 10X.

IfyouchangetheAttenuationswitchontheP2220probe,youalso need to change the oscilloscope Attenuation option to match. Switch settings are 1X and 10X.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 15

Getting Started

NOTE. When the Attenuation switch is set to 1X, the P2220 probe limits the

bandwidth of the oscilloscope to 6 MHz. To use the full bandwidth of the oscilloscope, be sure to set the switch to 10X.

Current Probe Scaling

Current probes provide a voltage signal proportional t o the current. You need to set the oscilloscope to match the scale of your current probe. The default scale is 10 A/V.

To set the scale, follow these steps:

1. Push a vertical channel button (such as the CH 1 MENU button).

2. Push the Probe option button.

Attenuation switch

3. Push the Current option button.

4. Push the Scale op tion button to select an appropriate value.

Self Calibration

The self calibration routine lets you optimize the oscilloscope signal pa th for maximum measurement accuracy. You can run the routine at any time but you should always run the routine if the ambient tem perature changes by 5 °C (9 °F) or more. The routine takes about two min utes.

For accurate calibration, power on the oscilloscope and wait twenty minutes to ensure it is warmed up.

To compensate the signal path, disconnect any probes or cables from the input connectors. Then, access the UTILITY ► Do Self Cal option, and follow the directions on the screen.

16 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

Operating Basics

The front panel is divided into chapter provides you with a quick overview of the controls and the information displayed on the screen.

2-channel model

easy-to-use functional areas. T his

4-channel model

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 17

Operating Basics

The front panel buttons can be il luminated (through the Utilities menu). This illum ination does not signiﬁcantly affect the duration of the charge of the battery p acks when you operate the oscilloscope from battery packs only.

Display Area

In addition to display ing waveforms, the display is ﬁlled with many details about the waveform and the oscilloscope control settings.

NOTE. Refer to Displaying the FFT Spectrum for details on displaying the

FFT function, (See page 77, Displaying the FFT Spectrum.)

18 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

1. Icon display show s acquisition mode.

Sample mode

Peak detect mode

Average mode

2. Trigger status indicates the following:

The oscilloscope is acquiring pretrigger data. All triggers are ignored in this state.

All pretrigger data has been acquired and the oscilloscope is ready to accept a trigger.

The oscilloscope has seen a trigger and is acquiring the posttrigger data.

The oscilloscope has stopped acquiring waveform data.

The oscilloscope has completed a Single Sequence acquisition.

The oscilloscope is in a uto mode and is acquiring waveforms in the absence of triggers.

The oscilloscope is ac quiring and displaying waveform data continuously in scan mode.

Operating Basics

3. Marker shows horizontal trigger position. Turn the HORIZON TAL

POSITION knob to adjust the position of the marker.

4. Readout shows the time at the center graticule. The trigger time

is zero.

5. Marker sh ows Edge or Pulse Width trigger level.

6. On-screen markers show the ground reference points of the

displayed waveforms. If there is no marker, the channel is not displayed.

7. An arrow icon indicates that the waveform is inverted.

8. Readouts show the vertical scale factors of the channels.

9. AB

icon indi cates that the cha nnel is bandwidth limited.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 19

Operating Basics

10. Readout shows main time base setting.

11. Readout shows window time base setting if it is in use.

12. Readout shows trigg e r source used for triggering.

13. Icon shows selected trigger type as follows:

14. Readout shows Edge or Pulse Width trigger level.

15. Display area shows helpful messages; some messages display for

only three seconds.

If you recall a saved waveform, readout shows information about the reference waveform, such as RefA 1.00V 500µs.

Edge trigger for the rising edge.

Edge trigger for the falling edge.

Video trigger for line sync.

Video trigger for ﬁeld s

Pulse Width trigger, positive polarity.

Pulse Width trigger, negative polarity.

ync.

16. Readout shows date and time.

17. Readout shows trigger frequency.

20 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

Operating Basics

Message Area

The oscilloscope displays a message area (item number 15 in the previous ﬁgure) at the bottom of the screen that conveys the following types of helpful information:

Directions to access another menu, such as when you push the TRIG MENU button:

For TRIGGER HO LDOFF, go to HORIZONTAL MENU

Suggestion of what you m ight want to do next, such as when you push the MEASURE b utton:

Push an option button to change its measurement

Information about the action the oscilloscope performed, such as when y ou push the DEFAULT SETUP button:

Default setup recalled

Information about the waveform, such as when you push the AUTOSET button:

Square wave or pulse detected on CH1

Using the Menu System

The user interface of the oscilloscopes was designed for easy access to specialized functions through the menu structure.

When you push a front-panel button, the oscilloscope displays the corresponding menu on the right side of the screen. The menu shows the options that are available when you push the un labeled option buttons directly to the right o f the screen.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 21

Operating Basics

The oscilloscope uses several m eth ods to display menu options:

Page (Submenu) Selection: For some menus, you can use the top option button to choose two or three submenus. Each time you push the top button, the options change. For example, when you push the top button in the TRIGG ER Menu, the oscilloscope cycles through the Edge, Video, and Pulse Width trigger subm enus.

Circular List: The oscilloscope sets the parameter to a different value each time you push the option button. For example, you can push the CH 1 MENU button and then push the top option butto n to cycle through the Vertical (channel) Coupling options.

Action: The oscilloscope displays the type o f action that will immediately occur when you push an Action option button. For example, when the Help Index is v isible, and you push the Page Down option button, the oscilloscope immediately displays the next page of index entries.

Radio: The oscilloscope uses a different button for each option. The currently-selected option is highlighted. For example, the oscilloscope displays various acquisition mode options when you push the A CQUIRE Menu button. To select an option, push the corresponding button.

Page Selection Circular List

TRIGGER CH1

Type

Edge

or or

TRIGGER CH1

Type

Video

or or

TRIGGER CH1

Type

Pulse

Coupling

Ground

Action Radio

HELP

Page

Down

ACQUIRE

Sample

Peak Detect

Average

22 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

Vertical Controls

All models

Operating Basics

POSITION(CH1,CH2,CH3&CH4).

CH 1, CH 2, CH 3 & CH 4 MENU. Displays the Vertical menu selections

and togg les the display of the channel waveform on and off.

VOLTS/DIV (CH 1, CH 2, CH 3 & CH 4). Selects vertical scale factors.

MATH MENU. Displays waveform math operations menu and toggles the

display

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 23

of the math waveform on and off.

Positions a waveform vertically.

Operating Basics

Horizontal Controls

2-channel model 4-channel model

POSITION.

Adjusts the horizontal position of all channel and math waveforms. The resolution of this control varies with the time base setting. (See

NOTE. To ma k e

SEC/DIV knob turn the SEC

HORIZ MENU. Displays the Horizontal Menu.

SET TO ZERO. Sets the horizontal position to zero.

SEC/DIV. Selects the horizontal time/div (scale factor) for the main or

page 127, Window Zone.)

a large adjustment to the horizontal position, turn the

to a larger value, change the horizontal position, and then

/DIV knob back to the previous value.

the win dow time base. When Window Zone is enabled, it changes the width of the window zone by changing the window time base. (See page 127, Window Zone.)

24 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

Trigger Controls

4-channel model

2-channel model

Operating Basics

LEVEL.

knob sets the amplitude level that the signal must cross to acquire a waveform.

TRIG MENU. Di

SET TO 50%. The trigger level is set to the vertical midpoint between

the peaks of the trigger signal.

FORCE TRIG. Completes an acquisition regardless of an adeq uate trigger

signal. This button has no effect if the acquisition is already stopped.

TRIG VIEW. Displays the trigger waveform in place of th e channel

waveform while you h old down the TRIG VIEW button. Use this to see how the trigger settings affect the trigger signal, such as trigger coupling.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 25

When you use an Edge or Pulse trigger, the TRIGGER LEVEL

splays the Trigger Menu.

Operating Basics

Menu and Control Buttons

Multipurpose knob

Refer to the Reference chapter for detailed information on the menu and button controls.

Multipurpose Knob. The f unction is determined by the displayed menu

or selected menu option. When active, the adjacent LED lights. The next table lists t

Active menu or option Knob function Description

Cursor Cursor 1 or

Display

Help

Horizontal

he functions.

Cursor 2

Contrast Changes the contrast of the

Brightness

Scroll Selects entries in the Index;

Set Trigger Holdoff

Positions the s

display

Changes the brightness of the display

selects links in a topic; displays the next or previous page for a topic

Sets the amount of time before another trigger event can be accepted; (See page 144, Trigger Holdoff.)

elected cursor

26 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

Active menu or option Knob function Description

Math

Measure Type

Save/Recall

Trigger

Utility ► File Utilities

Utility ► Options ► Set Date and Time

Position

Vertical Scale Changes the scale of the Math

Action

File selection

Video line number

Pulse width

File selection

Name entry

Value entry

Positions the Math waveform

waveform

Selects the type of automatic measurement for each s ource

Sets the transaction as save or recall for setup ﬁles, waveform ﬁles, or screen images. Use also to display or remove Ref waveforms from the display.

Selects setup, waveform or image ﬁles to save, or selects setup or waveform ﬁles to recall

Sets the oscilloscope to a speciﬁc line number when the Trigger Type option is set to Video and the Sync option is set to Line Number

Sets the width of the pulse when the Trigger Type option is set to Pulse

Selects ﬁles to rename or delete; (See page 146, File Utilities.)

Renames the ﬁle or folder; (See page 147, Rename File or Folder.)

Sets the value for the date and time;(Seepage146,Setting theDateandTime.)

Operating Basics

AUTORANGE. Displays the Autorange Menu, and activates or

deactivates the autoranging function. When autoranging is active, the adjacent LED lights.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 27

Operating Basics

SAVE/RECALL. Displays the S ave/R ecall Menu for setups and

waveforms.

MEASURE. Displays the a u tom ate

ACQUIRE. Displays the Acquire Menu.

APPLICATION. Displays a men

d measurem ents menu.

u when an Application Key is inser ted in

the front of the o scillo scope, for example Power Analysis.

UTILITY. D isplay s the Utility Menu.

CURSOR. Displays the Cursor Menu. Cursors remain visible (unless

the Type option is set to Off) after yo u leave the Cursor Menu but are not adjustable.

DISPLAY. Displays the Display Menu.

HELP. Displays t

DEFAULT SETUP. Recalls the factory setup.

AUTOSET. Aut

he Help Menu.

omatically sets the oscilloscop e controls to produce a

usable display of the input signals.

SINGLE SEQ. Acquires a single waveform and then stops.

RUN/STOP. Continuo usly acquires waveforms or stops the acquisition.

PRINT. Starts print operations through the Centronics or RS-232 ports,

or performs the SAVE function to the remo vable mass storage.

SAVE. An LED indicates when the PRINT button is conﬁgured to save

to the C ompactFlash card.

data

28 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

Input Connectors

2-channel model

4-channel model

Operating Basics

CH 1, CH 2, CH 3 & CH 4.

EXT TRIG. Input con necto r for an external trigger source. Use the

Trigger Menu to select the Ext, or Ext/5 trigger sour ce. Push and hold the TRIG VIEW button to see how the trigger settings affect the trigger signal, such as trigger coupling.

Other Front-Panel Items

TYPE 1 C

memory storage. When saving d a ta to or retrieving data from a CF card, the adjacent LED lights. Wait until the LED goes out to remove the card.

ompactFlash.

Input connectors for waveform display.

Insert a CompactFlash (CF) card for remo vable

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 29

Operating Basics

APPLICATION KEY. Insert an Application Key to enable an optional

application, such as for power analysis.

BATTERY CHARGING. An LED indica

tes when the oscilloscope is

charging installed battery packs.

PROBE COMP. Probe compensation output and chassis reference. Use

to electrically match a voltage probe to th e oscilloscope input circuit. (See page 14, Manual Probe Compensation.)

The probe compensation reference lead connects to earth ground and is then considered to be a ground terminal when using the oscilloscope AC adapter. (See page 3, Taking Floating Measurements.)

CAUTION. When using the AC adapter, do not connect a voltage source to

any exposed metal as this may damage the osc illoscope or the circuit under test.

30 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

This chapter contains general before you use an oscilloscope. To use your oscilloscope effectively, you need to learn about the following functions:

Setting up the oscilloscope

Triggering

Acquiring signals (waveforms)

Scaling and positioning wave form s

Measuring waveforms

The next ﬁgure shows a block diagram of the various functions of the oscilloscope and their relationships to each other.

information that you need to understand

Setting Up the Oscilloscope

You should become familiar with several functions that you may use often when operating your oscilloscope: Autoset, Autorange, saving a setup, and recalling a setup.

Using Autoset

Each time you p ush the AUTOSET button, the Autoset function ob tain s a stable waveform display for you. It automatically adjusts the vertical

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 31

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

scale, horizontal scale and trigger settings. Autoset also displays several automatic measurem ents in the graticule area, depending on the signal type.

Using Autorange

Autorange is a continuous function that you can enable or disable. The function adjusts setup values to track a signal when the signal exhibits large changes or when you p point.

Saving a Setup

The oscilloscope saves the current setup if you wait ﬁve seconds after the last change before you power off the oscilloscope. The oscilloscope recalls this setup the next time you apply power.

You can use the SAVE/RECALL Menu to save up to ten different setups.

You can also save setups to the CompactFlash card. The oscilloscope accommodates a Type 1 CompactFlash card for removable mass storage. (See page 95, Removable M ass Storage.)

Recalling a Setup

hysically move the probe to a different

The o scilloscope can recall the last setup before t he oscilloscope was powered off, any saved setups, or the default setup. (See page 131, Save/Recall.)

Default Setup

The oscilloscope is set up for normal operation when it is shipped from the factory. Push the DEFAULT SETUP button to recall most of the factory option and control settings, but not all. Appendix D lists the default settings that will be recalled.

Triggering

The trigger determines when the oscillosco pe starts to acquire data and to display a waveform. When a trigger is set up properly, the oscilloscope converts unstable displays or blank screens into meaningful waveforms.

32 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Triggered waveform Untriggered waveforms

For oscilloscope-speciﬁc descriptions, refer to the Operating Basics chapter. (See page 25, Trigger Controls.) ReferalsototheReference chapter. (See page 137, Trigger Controls.)

WhenyoupushtheRUN/STOPorSINGLESEQbuttontostartan acquisition, the oscilloscope goes through the following steps:

1. Acquires enough data to ﬁll the portion of the waveform record to the left of the trigger point. This is called the pretrigger.

2. Continues to acquire data while waiting f or the trigger condition to occur.

3. Detects the trigger condition.

4. Continues to acquire data until the waveform record is full.

5. Displays the newly-acquired waveform.

NOTE. For Edge and Pulse triggers, the oscilloscope counts the rate at

which trigger events occur to determine trigger frequency. The oscilloscope displays the frequency in the lower right corner of the screen.

Source

You can use oscilloscope uses as a trigger. The source can be any signal connected to a channel BNC, or to the EXT TRIG BNC.

the Trigger Source options to select the signal that the

Types

The oscilloscope provides three types of triggers: Edge, Video, and Pulse W

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 33

idth.

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Modes

You can select the Auto or the Norm al trigger mode to deﬁne how the oscilloscope acquires data when it does not detect a trigger condition. (See page 138, Mode Options.)

To perform a sin gle sequence acquisition, push the SINGLE SEQ button.

Coupling

You can u se the Trigger Coupling option to determine which part of the signal will pass to the tr igg er circuit. This can help you attain a stable display of the waveform.

To use trigger coupling, push the TRIG MENU b utton, select an Edge or Pulse trigger, and select a Coupling option.

NOTE. Trigger coupling affects only the signal passed to the trigger system.

It does not affect the bandwidth or coup ling of the signal displayed on the screen.

To view the conditioned signal being passed to the trigger circuit, push and hold down the TRIG VIEW button.

Position

The horizontal position contr ol establishes the time between the trigger and the screen center. Refer to Horizontal Scale and Position; Pretrigger Information for information on how to use this control to positionthetrigger.(Seepage36,Horizontal Scale and Position; Pretrigger Information.)

Slope and Level

The Slope and Level controls help to deﬁne the trigger. The Slope option (Edge trigge r type only) determines whether the oscilloscope ﬁnds the trigger point on the rising or the falli ng edge o f a signal. The TRIGGE R LEVEL knob controls where on the edge the trigger point occurs.

34 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

Trigger level can be

adjusted vertically

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Rising edge Falling edge

Acquiring Signals

When you acquire a signal, the oscilloscope converts it into a digital form and displays a waveform. The acquisition mode deﬁnes how the signal is digitized, an level of detail in the acquisition.

Acquisition Modes

There are three acquisition modes: Sample, Peak Detect, and Average.

Sample. In this acquisition mode, the oscilloscope samples the signal

in evenly spaced intervals to construct the waveform. This mode accurately represents signals most of the time.

However, this mode does not acquire rapid variations in the signal that may occur between samples. This can result in aliasing, and may cause narrow pulses to be missed. (See page 37, Time Domain Aliasing.) In these cases, you should use the Peak Detect Mode to acquire data.

Peak Detect. In this acquisition mode, the oscilloscope ﬁnds the highest

and lowest these values to display the waveform. In this way, the oscill oscope can acquire and display narrow pulses, which may have otherwise been missed in

values of the input signal over each sample interval and uses

Sample mode. Noise will appear to be higher in this mode.

Trigger can be rising or falli

d the time base setting affects the time span and

Average. In this acquisition mode, the oscilloscope acquires several

waveforms, averages them, and displays the resulting waveform. You can use this mode to reduce random noise.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 35

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Time Base

The oscilloscope digitizes waveforms by acquiring the value of an input signal at discrete points. The time base allows you to control how often the values are digitized.

To adjust the time base to a horizontal scale that suits your purpose, use the SEC/DIV knob.

Scaling and Positioning Waveforms

You can ch ange the display of waveforms by adjusting the scale and position. When you change the scale, the waveform display will increase or decrease in size. When you change the position, the waveform will move up, down, right, or left.

The channel indicator (located on the left of the graticule) identiﬁes each waveform on the display. The indicator points to the ground reference level of the waveform record.

You can view the display area and readouts. (See page 18, Display Area.)

Vertical Scale and Position

You can change the vertical position of waveforms by moving them up or down in the display. To compare data, you can align a waveform above another or you can align waveforms on top of each other.

You can change the vertical scale of a waveform. The waveform display will contract or expand relativ e to the ground reference level.

For oscilloscope-speciﬁc d escriptions, refer to the Operating Basics chapter. (See page 23, Vertical Controls.) ReferalsototheReference chapter. (See page 148, Ve r tic a l C on trol s .)

Horizontal Scale and Position; Pretrigger Information

You can adjust the HORIZONTAL POSITION control to view waveform data before the trigger, after the trigger, or some of each. When you change the horizontal position of a waveform, you are actually changing the time between the trigger and the center of the display. (This appears to move the waveform to the right or left on the display.)

36 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

For example, if you want to ﬁnd the cause of a glitch in your t est circuit, you might trigger on the glitch and make the pretrigger period large enough to capture data before the glitch. You can then analyze the pretrigger data and perhaps ﬁnd the cause of the glitch.

You change the horizontal scale of all the waveforms by turning the SEC/DIV knob. For e xam ple, you might want to see just one cycle of a waveform to measure the overshoot on its rising edge.

The o sci lloscope shows the horizontal scale as time per division in the scale readout. Since all active waveforms use the same time base, the oscilloscope only displays one va lue for all the active channels, except when you use Window Zone. Refer to Window Zone for information on how to use the window function. (See page 127, Window Zone.)

For oscilloscope-speciﬁc descriptions, refer to the Operating Basics chapter. (See page 24, POSITION.) Refer also to the Reference chapter. (See page 125, Horizontal.)

Time Domain Aliasing. Aliasing occurs when the oscilloscope does

not sample the signal fast enough to construct an accurate waveform record. When this happens, the oscilloscope displays a waveform with a frequency lower than the actual input waveform, or triggers and displays an unstable waveform.

Actual high-frequency

waveform

Apparent low-frequency

waveformduetoaliasing

Sample points

The oscilloscope accurately represents signals, but is limited by the probe bandwidth, the oscilloscope bandwidth, and the sample rate. To avoid aliasing , the oscilloscope must sample the signal more than twice as fast as the highest frequency component of th e signal.

The highest frequency that the oscilloscope samplin g rate can theoretically represent is the Nyquist frequency. The sample rate is called the Nyquist rate, and is twice the Nyquist frequency.

Oscilloscope models with 100 MHz bandwidths sample at rates up to 1 GS/s. Models with 200 MHz bandwidths sample at rates up to

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 37

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

2 GS/s. In both cases, these maximum sample rates are at least ten times the bandwidth. These high sample rates help reduce the possibility of aliasing.

There are several ways to check for aliasing:

Turn the SEC/DIV knob to change the horizontal scale. If the shape of the waveform changes drastically, you may have aliasing.

Select the Peak Detect acquisition mode. (See page 35, Peak Detect.) This mode samples the highest and lowest values so that the oscilloscope can detect faster signals. If the shape of the waveform changes drastically, you may have aliasing.

If the trigger frequency is faster than the display information, you may have aliasing or a waveform that crosses the trigger level multiple times. Examining the waveform allows you to identify whether the shape of the signal is going to allow a single trigger crossing per cycle at the selected trigger level.

If multiple triggers are likely to occur, select a trigger level that will generate only a single trigger per cycle. If the trigger frequency is still faster than the display indicates, you may have aliasing.

If the trigger frequency is slower, this test is not useful.

If the signal you are viewing is also the trigger sou rce, u s e the graticule or the cursors to estimate the frequency of the displayed waveform. Compare this to the Trigger Frequency readout in the lower right corner of the screen. If they differ by a large amount, you may have aliasing.

The next table lists the ti me ba se setting s that you can use to avoid aliasing at various frequencies and the respective sample rate. At the fastest SEC/D IV setting, aliasing is not likely to occur due to the bandwidth limitations of the oscilloscope input ampliﬁers.

38 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Settings to avoid aliasing in Sample mode

Time base Samples per second Maximum

2.5 ns

5.0to250.0ns

500.0 ns

1.0 μs

2.5 μs

5.0 μs

10.0 μs

25.0 μs

50.0 μs

100.0 μs

250.0 μs

500.0 μs

1.0 ms

2.5 ms

5.0 ms

10.0 ms

25.0 ms

50.0 ms

100.0 ms

250.0 ms

500.0 ms

1.0 s

2.5 s

5.0 s

10.0 s

25.0 s

50.0 s

Depending on the oscilloscope model.

†

Bandwidth reduced to 6 MHz with a P2220 probe set to 1X.

2GS/s

1GS/sor2GS/s

500.0 MS/s

250.0 MS/s

100.0 MS/s

50.0 MS/s

25.0 MS/s

10.0 MS/s

5.0 MS/s

2.5 MS/s

1.0 MS/s

500.0 kS/s

250.0 kS/s

100.0 kS/s

50.0 kS/s

25.0 kS/s

10.0 kS/s

5.0 kS/s

2.5 kS/s

1.0 kS/s

500.0 S/s

250.0 S/s

100.0 S/s

50.0 S/s

25.0 S/s

10.0 S/s

5.0 S/s

200.0 MHz

125.0 MHz

50.0 MHz

25.0 MHz

12.5 MHz

5.0 MHz

2.5 MHz

1.25 MHz

500.0 kHz

250.0 kHz

125.0 kHz

50.0 kHz

25.0 kHz

12.5 kHz

5.0 kHz

2.5 kHz

1.25 kHz

500.0 Hz

250.0 Hz

125.0 Hz

50.0 Hz

25.0 Hz

12.5 Hz

5.0 Hz

2.5 Hz

†

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 39

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Taking Measurements

The oscilloscope displays graphs of voltage versus time and can help you to measure the displayed waveform.

There are several ways to take measurements. You can use the graticule, the cursors, or an automated measurement.

Graticule

This method allows you to make a quick, visual estimate. For example, you mi ght look at a waveform amplitude and determine that it is a little more than 100 mV.

You can take simple measurements by counting the m ajor and minor graticule divisions involved and multip lying by the scale factor.

Forexample,ifyoucountedﬁve major vert ical graticu le divis ions between the minimum and maximum values o f a waveform and knew you had a scale factor of 100 mV/division, then you could calculate your peak-to-peak voltage as follows:

5 divisions x 100 mV/division = 500 mV

Cursor

Cursors

This method allows you to take measurements by moving the cursors, which always appear in pairs, and reading their numeric values from the display readouts. There are two types of cursors: Amplitude and Time.

When you use cursors, be sure to set the Source to the waveform on the display that you want to measure.

40 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

To use cursors, push the CURSOR button.

Amplitude Cursors. Amplitude cursors appear as horizontal lines on the

display and measure the vertica to the reference level. For the Math FFT function, these cursors measure magnitude.

Time Cursors. Time cursors appear as vertical lines on the display and

measure both horizontal and vertical parameters. Times are referenced to the trigger point. For the Math FFT function, these c ursors measure frequency.

Time cursors also include a readout of the waveform amplitude at the point the waveform crosses the cursor.

l parameters. Amplitudes are referenced

Automatic

The MEASURE Menu can take up to ﬁve automatic measurements. When you take automatic measurements, the oscilloscope does all the calculating for you. Because the measurements use the waveform record points, they are more accurate than the graticule or cursor measurements.

Automatic measurements use readouts to show measurement r esults. These r eadouts are updated periodically as the oscilloscope acquires new data.

For measurement descriptions, refer to the Reference chapter. (See page 129, Taking Measurements.)

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 41

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

42 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

Application Examples

This section presents a series of ap pli catio n examples. These simpliﬁed examples highlight the features of the oscilloscope and g ive you ideas for using it to solve your own test problems.

Taking simple m easurements

Using Autoset

Using the Measure Menu to take automatic measurements

Measuring two signals and calculating gain

Using Autorange to examine a series of test points

Using an isolated channel to analyze a differential communication signal

Viewing an instantaneous power waveform

Taking cursor measurements

Measuring ring frequency and ring amplitude

Measuring pulse width

Measuring rise time

Analyzing signal detail

Looking at a noisy signal

Using the average function to separate a signal from noise

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 43

Application Examples

Capturing a single-shot signal

Optimizing the acquisition

Measuring propagation delay

Triggering on a pulse width

Triggering on a video signal

Triggering on video ﬁelds and video lines

Using the window function to see waveform details

Viewing impedance changes in a network using XY mode and persistence

Ta king Simple Measurements

You need to see a signal in a circuit, but you do not know the amplitude or freque ncy of the signal. You want to quickly display the signal and measure the frequency, period, and peak-to-peak amplitude.

44 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

Application Examples

Using Autoset

To quickly display a signal, follow these steps:

1. Push the CH 1 MENU button.

2. Push Probe ► Vol ta g e ►Attenuation ► 10X.

3. Set the switch to 10X on the P2220 probe.

4. Connect the channel 1 probe tip to the signal. Connect the reference

lead to the circuit reference point.

5. Push the AUTOSET button.

The oscilloscope sets the vertical, horizontal, and trigger controls automatically. If you want to optimize the displa y of the waveform, you can manually adjust these controls.

NOTE. The oscilloscope displays relevant automatic measurements in the

waveform area of the screen based on the signal type that is detected.

For osci (See page 116, Autoset.)

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 45

lloscope-speciﬁc descriptions, refer to the Reference chapter.

Application Examples

Taking Automatic Measurements

The oscilloscope can take automatic measurements of most displayed signals.

NOTE. If a question mark (?) appears in the Value readout, the signal

is outside the measurement range. Adjust the VOLTS/DIV knob of the appropriate channel to decrease the sensitivity or change the SEC/DIV setting.

To measure signal frequency, period, and peak-to-peak amplitude, rise time, and positive widt

1. Push the MEASURE button to see the Measure Menu.

2. Push the top option button; the Measure 1 Menu appears.

3. Push Typ e ► Freq.

The Va l u e readout displays the measurement an d updates.

4. Push the Back option button.

h, follow these steps:

5. Push the second o

ption button from the top; the Measure 2 Menu

appears.

6. Push Typ e ► Per

iod.

The Va l u e readout displays the measurement an d updates.

7. Push the Back option button.

8. Push the mid

dle option button; the Measure 3 Menu appears.

46 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

Application Examples

9. Push Type ► Pk-Pk.

The Va l u e readout displays the measurement and updates.

10. Push the Back option button.

11. Push the second option button from the bottom; the Measure 4

Menu appears.

12. Push Type ► Rise Time.

The Va l u e readout displays the measurement and updates.

13. Push the Back option button.

14. Push the bottom option button; the Measure 5 Menu appears.

15. Push Type ► Pos Width.

The Va l u e readout displays the measurement and updates.

16. Push the Back option button.

CH1 Freq

1.000kHz

CH1

Period

1.000ms

CH1

Pk-Pk

5.04V

CH1

Rise Time

2.611µs?

CH1

Pos Width

500.0µs

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 47

Application Examples

Measuring Two Signals

If you are testing a piece of equipment and need to measure the gain of the audio ampliﬁer, you will need an audio generator that can inject a test signal at the ampliﬁer input. Connect two oscilloscope channels to the ampliﬁer input and output as shown next. Measure both signal levels and use the measurements to calculate the gain.

CH1

Pk-Pk

2.04V

CH2

Pk-Pk

206mV

CH1

None

CH1

None

CH1

None

48 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

Application Examples

To activate and display the signals connected to channel 1 and to channel 2, and select measurements for the two channels, follow th ese steps:

1. Push the AUTOSET button.

2. Push the MEASURE button to see the Measure Menu.

3. Push the top option button; the Measure 1 Menu appears.

4. Push Source ► CH1.

5. Push Type ► Pk-Pk.

6. Push the Back option button.

7. Push the second option button from the top; the Measure 2 Menu

appears.

8. Push Source ► CH2.

9. Push Type ► Pk-Pk.

10. Push the Back option button.

Read the displayed peak-to-peak amplitudes for both channels.

11. To calculate the ampliﬁer voltage gain, use these equations:

VoltageGain = output a mplitu de/input amplitude

VoltageGain (dB) = 20 × log

(VoltageGain)

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 49

Application Examples

Using Autorange to Examine a Series of Test Points

If you have a machine that is malfunctioning, you may need to ﬁnd the frequency and RMS voltage of several test points, and compare these values to ideal values. You are not able to access front-panel controls since you need to use both hands when probing test points that are difﬁcult to physically reach.

1. Push the CH 1 MENU button.

2. Push Probe ► Voltage ► Attenuation and set to match the

attenuation of the probe attached to channel 1.

3. Push the AUTORANGE button to activate autoranging.

4. Push the MEASURE button to see the Measure Menu.

5. Push the top option button; the Measure 1 Menu appears.

6. Push Source ► CH1.

7. Push Typ e ► Freq.

8. Push the Back option button.

9. Push the second option button from the top; the Measure 2 Menu

appears.

10. Push Source ► CH1.

11. Push Type ► Cyc RMS.

12. Push the Back option button.

13. Attach the probe tip and refer e nce lead to the ﬁrst test point. Read

the frequency and cycle RMS measurements from the oscilloscope display and compare these to the ideal values.

14. Repeat step 13 for each test point, until you ﬁnd the malfu nctioning component.

NOTE. When Autorange is active, each time you move the probe to ano ther

test point, the oscilloscope readjusts the horizontal scale, the vertical scale, and the trigger level, to give you a useful display.

50 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

Application Examples

UsinganIsolatedChanneltoAnalyzeaDifferential Communication Signal

You are having intermit tent problems with a serial data communication link, and you suspect poor signal quality. Set up the oscilloscope to show you a snapshot of the serial data stream so you can verify the signal levels and transition times.

This is a differential signal. Because the oscilloscope has isolated channels, you can view the signal with a single probe.

WARNING. Do not ﬂoat the P2220 probe reference lead to > 30 V

the P 5120 probe (ﬂoatable to 600 V

CAT II or 300 V

RMS

CAT III) or

RMS

.Use

similarly rated, passive, high voltage probe (not the g round referenced P5100 probe), or an appropriately rated, high voltage, differential probe when ﬂoating the reference lead above 30 V

, subject to the ratings of

RMS

such high voltage probe.

To avoid electric shock when using probes with exposed metal parts, do not connect the reference lead to voltages above 30 V

RMS

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 51

Application Examples

To view the differential signal, follow these steps:

1. Connect the probe tip to one side of the signal.

2. Connect the probe reference lead to the other side of the signal.

3. Push the AUTOSET button.

For a more stable display, push the SINGLE SEQ b utton to control the acquisition of the waveform. Each time you push the b utton, the oscilloscope acquires a snapshot of the digital data stream. You can use the cursors or automatic measurements to analyze the waveform, or you can store the waveform to analyze later.

Viewing a Math Instantaneous Power Waveform

You can u se a voltage probe, a current probe, and the oscilloscope math multiply function to view an i nstantaneous power waveform.

NOTE. Be sure to understand the rating of the voltage or current probes you

are using. Do not exceed the probe rating. (See page 4, Probe Connection.)

52 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

Application Examples

To view a math instantaneous power waveform , follow these steps:

1. Connect a voltage probe to channel 1, and a current probe to

channel 2.

WARNING. Do not ﬂoat the P2220 probe reference lead to > 30 V

the P 5120 probe (ﬂoatable to 600 V

CAT II or 300 V

RMS

CAT III) or

RMS

.Use

similarly rated, passive, high voltage probe (not the g round referenced P5100 probe), or an appropriately rated, high voltage, differential probe when ﬂoating the reference lead above 30 V

, subject to the ratings of

RMS

such high voltage probe.

To avoid electric shock when using probes with exposed metal parts, do not connect the reference lead to voltages above 30 V

2. Push the

CH 1 MENU b utton.

RMS

3. Push Probe ► Voltage ► Attenuation and set to m atch the

ation of the voltage probe.

attenu

4. Push the CH 2 MENU button.

5. Push Probe ► Current ► Scale and set to match the scale of

the current probe.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 53

Application Examples

6. Push the AUTOSET button.

7. Push MATH MENU ►Op eration ► × (multiply).

8. Push Sources ► CH1 × CH2.

NOTE. The vertical units of the instantaneous power waveform are VA.

9. To obtain a better view of the Math instantaneous power waveform, you can use the following oscilloscope functions:

From the Math menu, push the Position opt ion button and turn

the multipurpose knob to adjust the vertical position

From the Math menu, push the Vertical Scale option button

and turn the multipurpose knob to adjust the vertical scale

Turn the SEC/DIV knob to adjust the horizontal scale

Push the CH 1 MENU and CH 2 MENU buttons to remove

the c h annel waveforms from the display

Taking Cursor Measurements

You can use the cursors to quickly take time and amplitude measurements on a waveform.

54 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

Application Examples

Measuring Ring Frequency and Amplitude

To measure the ring frequency at the rising edge of a signal, follow these steps:

1. Push the CURSOR button to s ee the Cursor Menu.

2. Push Type ► Time.

3. Push Source ► CH1.

4. Push the Cursor 1 o ption button.

5. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor on the ﬁrst peak of

the ring.

6. Push the Cursor 2 o ption button.

7. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor on the second peak

of the ring.

You can see the Δ (delta) time and frequency (the measured ring frequency) in the Cursor Menu .

Type

Time

Source

CH1

Δt 540.0ns

1/Δt 1.852MHz

ΔV 0.44V

Cursor1

180ns

1.40V

Cursor2

720ns

0.96V

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 55

Application Examples

8. Push Typ e ► Amplitude.

9. Push the Cursor 1 option button.

10. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor on the ﬁrst peak of

the ring.

11. Push the Cursor 2 optio n button.

12. Turn the multipurpose knob to place Cursor 2 on the lowest part

of the ring.

You can see the amplitude of the ring in the Cursor Menu.

Type

Amplitude

Source

CH1

ΔV 640mV

Cursor 1

1.46V

Cursor 2

820mV

Measuring Pulse Width

If you are a nalyzin g a pulse waveform and you want to know the width of the pulse, follow these steps:

1. Push the CURSOR buttontoseetheCursorMenu.

2. Push Typ e ► Time.

3. Push Source ► CH1.

4. Push the Cursor 1 option button.

5. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor o n the rising edge

of the pulse.

6. Push the Cursor 2 option button.

7. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor on the falling edge

of the pulse.

56 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

Application Examples

You can see the following measurements in the Cursor Menu:

The time at Cursor 1, relative to the trigge r.

The time at Cursor 2, relative to the trigge r.

The Δ (delta) time, which is the pulse width measurement.

Type

Time

Source

CH1

Δt 500.0µs

1/Δt 2.000kHz

ΔV 1.38V

Cursor 1

0.00s

0.98V

Cursor 2

500µs

-1.00V

NOTE. The Positive Width measurement is available as an automatic

measurement in the Measure Menu. (See page 129, Taking Measurements.)

NOTE. The Positive Width measurement also displays when you select the

Single-Cycle Square option in the AUTOSET Menu. (See page 119, Square Wave or Pulse.)

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 57

Application Examples

Measuring Rise Time

After measuring the pulse width, you decide that you need to check the rise time of the pulse. Typically, you measure rise time between the 10% and 90% levels of the waveform. To measure the rise time, follow these steps:

1. Turn the SEC/DIV knob to display the rising edge of the waveform.

2. Turn the VOLTS/DIV and VERTICAL POSITION knobs to set

the waveform amplitude to about ﬁve divisions.

3. Push the CH 1 MENU button.

4. Push Volts/Div ► Fine.

5. Turn the VOLTS/DIV knob to set the waveform amplitude to

exactly ﬁve divisions.

6. Turn the VERTICAL POSITION knob to center the waveform; position the baseline of the waveform 2.5 divisions below the center graticule.

7. Push the CURSOR buttontoseetheCursorMenu.

8. Push Typ e ► Time.

9. Push Source ► CH1.

10. Push the Cursor 1 option button.

11. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor a t the point where the

waveform crosses t he second graticule line below center screen. This is the 10% level of the wa veform .

12. Push the Cursor 2 option button.

13. Turn the multipurpose kn ob to place a cursor at the point where the

waveform crosses the second graticule line above center screen. This is the 90% level of the wa veform .

The Δt readout in the Cursor Menu is the rise time of the waveform.

58 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

5 divisions

NOTE. The Rise Time measurement is available as an automatic

measurement in the Measure Menu. (See page 129, Taking Measurements.)

NOTE. The Rise Time measurement also displays w hen you select the Rising

Edge option in the AUTOSET Menu. (See page 119, Square Wave or Pulse.)

Analyzing Signal Detail

Application Examples

Type

Time

Source

CH1

Δt 140.0ns

1/Δt7.143MHz

ΔV2.08V

Cursor 1

-80.0ns

-1.02V

Cursor 2

60.0ns

1.06V

You have a noisy signal displayed on the oscilloscope and you need to know more about it. You suspect that the signal contains much more detail than you can now see in the display.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 59

Application Examples

Looking at a Noisy Signal

The signal appears noisy and you suspect that noise is causing problems in your circuit. To better analyze the noise, follow these steps:

1. Push the ACQUIRE button to see th e Acquire Menu.

2. Push the Peak Detect option button.

3. If necessary, push the DISPLAY button to see the Display Menu.

Use the Contrast and the Brightness option buttons with the multipurpose knob to adjust the display to see t he noise more easily.

Peak detect emphasizes noise spikes and glitches in your signal, especially when the time base is set to a slow setting.

60 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

Application Examples

Separating the Signal from Noise

Now you want to analyze the signal shape and ignore the noise. To reduce random noise in the oscilloscope d isplay, follow these steps:

1. Push the ACQUIRE button to see the Acquire Menu.

2. Push the Average option button.

3. Push the Averages option button to see the effects o f varying the

number o f running averages on the waveform display.

Averaging reduces random noise and makes it easier to see detail in a signal. In the example below, a ring shows on the rising and falling edges of the signal when the noise is removed.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 61

Application Examples

Capturing a Single-Shot Signal

The reliabili ty of a reed relay in a piece of equipment has been poor and you need to investigate the problem. You suspect that the relay contacts arc wh en the relay opens. The fastest that you can open and close the relay is about once per minute, so you need to capture the voltage across the relay as a single-shot acquisition.

To set up for a sing le-sh ot acquisition, follow these steps:

1. Turn the vertical VOL TS/DIV and horizontal SEC/DIV knobs to the appropriate ranges for the signal you expect to see.

2. Push the ACQUIRE button to see th e Acquire Menu.

3. Push the Peak Detect option button.

4. Push the TRIG MENU button to see the Trigger M enu.

5. Push Slope ► Rising.

6. Turn the TRIGGER LEVEL knob to adjust the trigger level to a

voltage midway between the open and closed voltages of the relay.

7. Push the SINGLE SEQ button to start the acquisition.

When the relay opens, the oscilloscope triggers and captures the event.

62 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

Application Examples

Optimizing the Acquisition

The initial acquisition shows the relay contact beginning to open at the trigger point. This is followed by a large spike that indicates co ntact bounce and inductance in the circuit. The inductance can cause contact arcing and premature relay failure.

You can use the vertical, horizontal, and trigger controls to optimize the settings before the next single-shot event is captured. When the next acquisition is captured with the new settings (push the SINGL E SEQ butto n again), you can see that the contact bounces several times as it opens.

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Application Examples

Measuring P ropagation Delay

You suspect that the mem ory timing in a microprocessor circuit is marginal. Set up the oscilloscope to measure the propagation delay between the chip-select signal and the data output of the m em ory device.

Type

Time

Source

CH1

Δt 20.00ns

1/Δt 50.00MHz

ΔV0.28V

Cursor 1

50.0ns

-0.20V

Cursor 2

70.0ns

0.08V

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Application Examples

To set up to measure propagation delay, follow these steps:

1. Push the AUTOSET button to trigger a stable display.

2. Adjust the horizontal and vertical controls to optimize the display.

3. Push the CURSOR button to s ee the Cursor Menu.

4. Push Type ► Time.

5. Push Source ► CH1.

6. Push the Cursor 1 o ption button.

7. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor on the active edge

of the chip-select signal.

8. Push the Cursor 2 o ption button.

9. Turn the multipurpose knob to place th e second cursor on the data

output transition.

The Δt readout in the Cursor Menu is the propagation delay between the waveforms. The readout is valid because the two waveforms have the same SEC/DIV setting.

Triggering on a Speciﬁc P ulse Width

You are testing the pulse widths of a signal in a circuit. It is critical that thepulsesallbeaspeciﬁc width, and you need to verify that they are. Edge triggering shows that your signal is as speciﬁed, and the pulse width measurement does not vary from the speciﬁcation. However, you think there might be a problem.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 65

Application Examples

To set up a test for pulse width aberrations, follow these steps:

1. Push the AUTOSET button to trigger a stable display.

2. Push the Single Cycle op

view a single cycle of the signal, and to quickly take a Pulse Width measurement.

3. Push the TRIG MENU button to see the Trigger M enu.

4. Push Typ e ► Pulse.

5. Push Source ► CH1.

6. Turn the TRIGGER LEVEL knob to set the trigger level near

the bottom of the signal.

7. Push When ► = (equals).

8. Turn the multi

reported by the Pulse Width measurement in step 2.

9. Push More ► Mo

You can achieve a stab le display with the oscilloscope t rig ger ing on normal p

10. Push the When option button to select ≠, <,or>.Ifthereare any aberr oscilloscope triggers.

purpose knob to set the pu lse width to the value

ulses.

ant pulses that meet the speciﬁed When condition, the

tion button in the AUTOSET Menu to

de ► Normal.

66 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual

NOTE. The trig ger frequency readout shows the frequency of events that

the oscilloscope might consider to be a trigger, and may be less than the frequency of the input signal in Pulse Width trigger mode.

Triggering on a Video Signal

Application Examples

You are testin g the need to display the video output signal. The video output is an NTSC standard signal. Use the video trigger to obtain a stable display.

video circuit in a piece of medical equipment and

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 67

Application Examples

NOTE. Most vid

inputs do not p amplitude in 75 o hm feedt equivalent the oscill

eo systems use 75 ohm cabling. The oscilloscope

roperly terminate low impedance cabling. To avoid

accuracy from improper loading and reﬂections, place a

hrough terminator (Tektronix part number 011-0055-02 or

) between the 75 ohm coaxial cable from the signal source and

oscope BNC input.

Triggering on Video Fields

Automatic. To trigger on the video ﬁelds, follow these steps:

1. Push the AUTOSET button. When Autoset is complete, the oscilloscope disp lays the video signal with sync on All Fields.

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Application Examples

The oscilloscope sets the Standard option when you use the Autoset function.

2. Push the Odd Field or Even Field option buttons from the

AUTOSET Menu to sync on odd or even ﬁelds only.

Manual. An alternative metho

d requires more steps, but m ay be necessary depending on the video signal. To use the manual method, follow these steps:

1. Push the CH 1 MENU button.

2. Push Coupling ► AC.

3. Push the TRIG MENU button to see the Trigger Menu.

4. Push the top option button and select Video.

5. Push Source ► CH1.

6. Push the Sync option button and select All Fields, Odd Field,or

Even Field.

7. Push Standard ► NTSC.

8. Turn the horizontal SEC/DIV knob to see a comp lete ﬁeld across

the screen.

9. Turn the vertical VOLTS/DIV knob to ensure that the entire video

signal is visible on the scr een.

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Application Examples

Triggering on Video Lines

Automatic. You can also look at the video lines in the ﬁeld. To trigger

on the video lines, follow these

1. Push the AUTOSET button.

2. Push the top option but ton to select Line to sync on all lines. ( T he AUTOSET Menu includes All Lines and Line Number options.)

Manual. An alternative method requires more steps, but may be

necessary depending on the video signal. To use this method, follow these steps:

1. Push the TRIG MENU button to see the Trigger M enu.

2. Push the top option button and select Video.

3. Push the Sync option button and select All L ines or Line Number

and turn the multipurpose knob to set a speciﬁc line number.

4. Push Standard ► NTSC.

5. Turn the SEC/DIV knob to see a complete video line across the

screen.

steps:

6. Turn the VOLTS/DIV knob to ensure that the entire video signal is visible on the screen.

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Application Examples

Incoming video signal

Using the Window Function to See Waveform Details

You can use the window (zoom) function to examine a speciﬁc portion of a waveform without changing the main display.

If you want to view the color burst in the previous waveform in more detail wi thout changing the main display, follow these steps:

1. Push the HORIZ MENU button to see the Horizontal Menu and

select the Main option.

2. Push the Window Zone option button.

3. Turn the SEC/DIV knob and select 500 ns. This will be the

SEC/DIV setting of the expanded view.

4. Turn the HORIZONTAL POSITION knob to position the window

around the portion of the waveform that you want to expand.

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Application Examples

1. Push the Window option button to see the expanded portion of the waveform.

2. Turn the SEC/DIV knob to optimize viewing the expanded waveform.

To switch between the Main and Window views, push the Main or Window option button in the Horizontal Menu.

Viewing Impedance Changes in a Network

You have designed a circuit that needs to operate over a wide temperature range. You need to evaluate the change in impedance of the circuit as the ambient temperature is changed.

Connect t he oscilloscope to monitor the input and output of the circuit and capture the changes that occur as you vary the temperature.

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Application Examples

To view the input and output of the circuit in an XY display, f ollow these steps:

1. Push the CH 1 MENU button.

2. Push Probe ► Vol ta g e ►Attenuation ► 10X.

3. Push the CH 2 MENU button.

4. Push Probe ► Voltage ► Attenuation ► 10X.

5. Set the switch e s to 10X on the P2220 probes.

6. Connect the channel 1 probe to the input of the network, and

connect the channel 2 probe to the output.

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Application Examples

7. Push the AUTOSET button.

8. Turn the VOLTS/DIV knobs to display approximately the same

amplitude signals o n each channel.

9. Push the DISPLAY button to see the Disp lay Menu.

10. Push Format ► XY.

The oscilloscope displays a Lissajous pattern representing the input and output characteristics of the circuit.

11. Turn the VOL TS/DIV and VERTICAL POSITION knobs to optimize the display.

12. Push Persist ► Inﬁnite.

13. Push the Contrast or the Brightness option buttons and turn the

multipurpose knob to adjust the display.

As you adjust the ambient temperature, the display persistence captures the changes in the characteristics of the circuit.

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Math FFT

This chapter contains detailed information on ho w to use the Math FFT (Fast Fourier Transform). You can use the FFT Math mode to convert a time-domain (YT) signal into its frequency components (spectrum). You can use the Math FFT mode for the following ty pes of analysis:

Analyze harmonics in power lines

Measure harmon ic content and distortion in systems

Characterize n oise in DC power supplies

Testimpulseresponseofﬁlters and systems

Analyze vibration

To use the Math FFT mode, you need to perform the following tasks:

Set up the source (time-domain) waveform

Display the FFT spectrum

SelectatypeofFFTwindow

Adjust the sample rate to display the fundamental frequency and harmonics without aliasing

Use zoom controls to magnify the spectrum

Use cursors to measure the spectrum

NOTE. For viewing the harmonics of power systems, the harmonics feature

available with the optional TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis applica tion is optimized for power measurements.

Setting Up the Time-Domain Waveform

Before you use FFT m ode, you need to set up the time-domain (YT) waveform. To do so, follow these steps:

1. Push AUTOSET to display a YT waveform.

2. Turn t

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscillosco pe User Manual 75

he VERTICAL POSITION k nob to move the YT waveform

to the center vertically (zero divisions).

Math FFT

This ensures that the FFT will show a true DC value.

3. Turn the HORIZONTAL POSITION knob to position the part of the YT waveform that you want to analyze in the center eight divisions of the screen.

The oscilloscope calculates the FFT spectrum using the center 2048 points of the time-domain waveform.

4. Turn the VOLTS/DIV knob to ensure that the entire waveform remains on the screen. The oscilloscope may display erroneous FFT results (by adding high frequency components) if the entire waveform is not visible.

5. Turn the SEC/DIV knob to provide the resolution you want in the FFT spectrum.

6. If possible, set th e oscilloscope to display many signal cycles.

If you turn the SEC/DIV knob to select a faster setting (fewer cycles), the FFT spectrum shows a larger frequency range, and reduces the possibility of FFT aliasing. (See p age 81, FFT Aliasing.) However, the oscilloscope also displays less frequency resolution.

To set up the FFT display, follow these steps:

1. Push the MATH MENU butt on to see the Math Menu.

2. Push Operation ► FFT.

3. Select the Source channel for the Math FFT.

In many cases, the oscilloscope can produce a useful FFT spectrum even if the YT waveform is not triggered. This is especially true if y our signal is periodic o r random (noisy).

NOTE. Trigger and position any transient or burst waveforms as closely as

possible to the center of the screen.

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Tektronix TPS2000 Series User manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual