Tektronix TPS2000 Series User manual

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TPS2000 Series

ZZZ

Digital Storage Oscilloscope

User Manual

*P071144105*

071-1441-05

TPS2000 Series

ZZZ

Digital Storage Oscilloscope

User Manual

www.tektronix.com

071-1441-05

Copyright © Tektronix. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its subsidiaries or suppliers, and are protected by national copyright laws and international treaty provisions.

Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supersedes that in all previously published material. Speciﬁcations and price change privileges reserved.

TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.

OpenChoice and Wavestar are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.

Tektronix is an authorized licensee of the CompactFlash® trademark.

Contacting Tektronix

Tektronix, Inc. 14150 SW Karl Braun Drive P.O. Box 5 0 0 Beaverton, OR 97077 USA

For product information, sales, service, and technical support:

In North America, call 1-800-833-9200. Worl dwid e, visi t www.tektronix.com to ﬁnd contacts in your area.

TPS2000 Series Oscilloscope

Warranty

Tektronix war years from the date of original purchase from an authorized Tektronix distributor. If the product proves defective during this warranty period, Tektronix, at its option, either will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective product. Batteries are excluded from this warranty. Parts, modules and replacement products used by Tektronix for warranty work may be new or reconditioned to like new performance. All replaced parts, modules and products become the property o f Tektronix.

In order to obtain service under this warranty, Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the expiration of the warranty period and make suitable arrangements for the performance of service. Customer shall be responsib shipping charges prepaid, and with a copy of customer proof of purchase. Tektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which the Tektronix service center is located. Customer shall be responsible for paying all shipping charges, duties, taxes, and any other charges for products returned to any other locations.

This warranty shall not apply to any defect, failure or damage caused by improper use or improper or inadequate maintenance and care. Tektronix shall not be obligated to furnish service under this warranty a) to repair damage resulting from attempts by personnel other than Tektronix representatives to install, repair or service the product;

epair damage resulting from improper use or connection to incompatible equipment; c) to repair any damage

b) to r or malfunction caused by the use of non-Tektronix supplies; or d) to service a product that has been modiﬁed or integrated with other products when the effect of such modiﬁcation or integration increases the time or difﬁculty of servicing the product.

THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN BY TEKTRONIX WIT H RESPECT TO THE PRODUCT IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS DISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. TEKTRONIX’ RESPONSIBILITY TO REPAIR OR REPLACE DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS IS THE SOLE

D EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO TH E CUSTOMER FOR BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY.

AN TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER TEKTRONIX OR THE VENDOR HAS ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

rants that the product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of three (3)

le for packaging and shipping the defective product to the service center designated by Tektronix,

[W16 – 15AUG04]

P2220 Probe

Warranty

Tektroni x wa r year from the date of shipment. If any such product proves defective during this warranty period, Tektronix, at its option, either will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective product. Parts, modules and replacement products used by Tektronix for warranty work may be new or reconditioned to like new performance. All replaced parts, modules and products become the property of Tektronix.

In order to obtain service under this warranty, Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the expiration of the warranty period and make suitable arrangements for the performance of service. Customer shall be responsible for packag charges prepaid. Tektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which the Tektronix service center is located. Customer shall be responsible for paying all shipping charges, duties, taxes, and any other charges for products returned to any other locations.

function caused by the use of non-Tektronix supplies; or d) to service a product that has been modiﬁed or

or mal integrated with other products when the effect of such modiﬁcation or integration increases the time or difﬁculty of servicing the product.

THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN BY TEKTRONIX WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCT IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS DISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. TEKTRONIX’ RESPONSIBILITY TO REPAIR OR REPLACE DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS IS THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO THE CUSTOMER FOR BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY.

KTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL,

TE OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER TEKTRONIX OR THE VENDOR HAS ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

rants that this product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one (1)

ing and shipping the defective product to the service center designated by Tektronix, with shipping

[W2 – 15AUG04]

TPSBAT Battery Pack

Warranty

Tektronix war months from the date of original purchase from an authorized Tektronix distributor. If the product proves defective during this warranty period, Tektronix, at its option, either will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective p roduct. Batteries are excluded from this warranty. Parts, modules and replacement products used by Tektronix for warranty work may be new or reconditioned to like new performance. All replaced parts, modules and products become the property o f Tektronix.

epair damage resulting from improper use or connection to incompatible equipment; c) to repair any damage

D EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO TH E CUSTOMER FOR BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY.

rants that the product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of three (3)

le for packaging and shipping the defective product to the service center designated by Tektronix,

[W14 – 15AUG04]

Table of Contents

General Safety Summary ......................................................................................... iv

Compliance Information......................................................................................... vii

EMC Compliance................................. ................................ ........................... vii

Safety Compliance............................................................................................ ix

Environmental Considerations .......... ................................ .................................. .. xi

Preface ............................................................................................................. xiii

Help System .................................................................................................. xiv

Conventions .................................................................................................. xiv

Getting Started .... . ..... . ..... . .... . . .... . ..... . ..... . ... . . ..... . ..... . ... . . . .... . ..... . ..... . ... . . ..... . ..... . ... . . 1

General Features ............................ ................................ ................................ ... 1

Taking Floating Measurements............................................................................... 3

Installation............................... ................................ .................................. ..... 5

Probes ........ ................................ ................................ .................................. . 9

Functional Check .............................................................................................. 9

Probe Safety........... ................................ .................................. ...................... 10

Voltage Probe Check Wizard ................................................................................ 11

Manual Probe Compensation................................................................................ 11

Voltage Probe Attenuation Setting .... . . .... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ... . . ..... . ..... . ..... . ... . . . .... . ..... . ..... 12

Current Probe Scaling........................................................................................ 13

Self Calibration ..... ................................ .................................. ........................ 13

Operating Basics................................................................................................... 15

Display Area .................................................................................................. 16

Using the Menu System.................................. ................................ .................... 19

Vertical Controls ................................ ................................ .............................. 21

Horizontal Controls........................................................................................... 22

Trigger Controls............................................................................................... 23

Menu and Control Buttons................................................................................... 23

Input Connectors.............................................................................................. 25

Other Front-Panel Items...................................................................................... 26

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions .. . . . .... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ... . . ..... . ..... . ..... . .... 27

Setting Up the Oscilloscope . .... . ..... . ..... . ..... ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . .... . . .... . ..... . ..... . ..... . .... . 27

Triggering................................ .................................. ................................ .... 28

Acquiring Signals. .................................. ................................ .......................... 30

Scaling and Positioning Waveforms . . ..... . ..... . .... . . .... . ..... . ..... . .... . ..... . ..... . .... . . .... . ..... . . 31

Taking Measurements ........................................................................................ 34

Application Examples........................................... ................................ .................. 37

Taking Simple Measurements ............................................................................... 38

Using Autorange to Examine a Series of Test Points............. ................................ ........ 43

Using an Isolated Channel to Analyze a Differential Communication Signal ................... ...... 44

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual i

Table of Contents

Viewing a Math I

Taking Cursor Measurements ..................... ................................ .......................... 46

Analyzing Signal Detail...................................................................................... 50

Capturing a Single-Shot Signal ............. ................................ ................................ 51

Measuring Propagation Delay ............................. ................................ .................. 53

Triggering on a Speciﬁc Pulse Width............................. ................................ .......... 54

Triggering on a Video Signal................ .................................. .............................. 55

Viewing Impedance Changes in a Network................................................................ 59

Math FFT............... .................................. ................................ .......................... 61

Setting Up the Time-Domain Waveform... . ..... . ..... . ... . . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ... . . . .... . ..... 61

Displaying the FFT Spectrum ............................................................................... 63

Selecting an FFT Window ................................................................................... 64

Magnifying and Positioning an FFT Spectrum . . ..... . ... . . . .... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ... . . ..... . 67

Measuring an FFT Spectrum Using Cursors............................................................... 68

Communications (RS-232 and Centronics)..................................................................... 69

Sending a Screen Image to an External Device ....................... ................................ .... 69

Setting Up and Testing the RS-232 Interface ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . .. 71

Command Entry............................................................................................... 76

Removable Mass Storage ....................... ................................ ................................ .. 77

Installing and Removing a CompactFlash (CF) Card. . . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . .... . . .... . ..... . ..... . ... 77

File Management Conventions............................ ................................ .................. 78

Using the Save function of the PRINT Button ............................................................ 79

Managing TPSBAT Battery Packs... . . ..... . .... . . ..... . .... . . ..... . .... . . ..... . .... . . ..... . .... . . ..... . .... . . .. 81

Maintaining Battery Packs..... .................................. ................................ ............ 82

General Charging Guidelines.......................................... ................................ ...... 82

Checking the Charge and Calibration Status... .................................. .......................... 83

Charging TPSBAT Battery Packs . . . ... . . . ... . . . ... . . . ... . . . ... . . . ... . . . ... . . . ... . . . ... . . . ..... . ..... . ..... . 84

Calibrating Battery Packs.................................................................................... 86

Handling Battery Packs ...................................................................................... 87

Storing and Transporting Battery Packs.................................................................... 87

Replacing Battery Packs ............. ................................ ................................ ........ 88

Reference......... ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 89

Acquire................................... ................................ ................................ ...... 89

Application .................................................................................................... 91

Autorange...................................................................................................... 91

Autoset................. ................................ .................................. ...................... 93

Cursor ........ ................................ ................................ .................................. 96

Default Setup .............................. ................................ ................................ .... 97

Display................. ................................ .................................. ...................... 97

Help ...................... .................................. ................................ .................... 99

Horizontal.......... ................................ .................................. .......................... 99

nstantaneous Power Waveform . ................................ ........................ 45

ii TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Table of Contents

Math ............................ ................................ .................................. ............ 101

Measure ...................................................................................................... 102

Print .......................................................................................................... 103

Probe Check................................................................................................. 103

Save/Recall .................................................................................................. 103

Trigger Controls............................................................................................. 108

Utility . . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ... . . . .... . . .... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . ..... . . 113

Vertical Controls ................................ ................................ ............................ 116

Appendix A: Speciﬁcations .............. ................................ ................................ ...... 119

Oscilloscope Speciﬁcations................ ................................ ................................ 119

P2220 Probe Speciﬁcations................................ ................................ ................ 127

Appendix B: Accessories ..... .................................. ................................ ................ 129

Appendi

Appendix D: Default Setup..................................................................................... 135

Appendix E: Font Licenses..................................................................................... 137

Appendix F: TPS2000 Compatible Probe Maximum Voltages. . ..... . ..... . ... . . ..... . ..... . ..... . .... . . .. 139

Inde

x C: Cleaning .......................................................................................... 133

General Care ................................................................................................ 133

Cleaning ..................................................................................................... 133

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual iii

General Safety Summary

General Safet

To Avoid Fi

re or Personal

Injury

ySummary

Review the fo this product or any products connected to it.

To avoid pot

Only qualiﬁed personnel should perform service procedures.

Use proper

certiﬁed for the country of use.

Connect a

leads while they are connected to a voltage source.

Connect

instrument before connecting the probe to the circuit under test. Connect the probe reference lead to the circuit under test before connecting the probe input. Disconnect the probe input and the probe reference lead from the circuit under test before disconnecting the probe from the measurement instrument.

Observe all terminal ratings. To avoid ﬁre or shock hazard, observe all ratings and markings on the product. Consult the product manual for further ratings information before making connections to the product.

llowing safety precautions to avoid injury and prevent damage to

ential hazards, use this product only as speciﬁed.

power c ord. Use only the power cord speciﬁed for this product and

nd disconnect properly. Do not connect or disconnect probes or test

and disconnect properly. Connect the probe output to the measurement

Do not apply a potential to a ny terminal, including the common terminal, that exceeds the maximum rating o f that terminal.

Power disconnect. The power cord disconnects the product from the power source. Donotblockthepowercord;itmustremain accessible to the user at all times.

Do not operate without covers. Do not operate this product with covers or panels removed.

Do not operate with suspected failures. If you suspect that there is damage to this product, have it inspected by qualiﬁed service personnel.

Avoid exposed circuitry. Do not touch exposed connections and components when power is present.

Replace batteries properly. Replace batteries only with the speciﬁed type and rating.

Recharge batteries properly. Recharge batteries for the recommended charge cycle only.

Use proper AC adapter. Use only the AC adapter speciﬁed for this product.

iv TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

General Safety Summary

Do not operate i

Do not operate in an explosive atmosphere.

Keep product surfaces clean and dry.

Provide prop

details on installing the product so it has proper ventilation.

n wet/damp conditions.

er ventilation. Refer to the manual’s installation instructions for

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual v

General Safety Summary

TermsinThisManual

Symbols and Terms on the

Product

These terms may

WARNING. Warning statements identify conditions or practices that could result

in injury or loss of life.

CAUTION. Caution statements identify conditions or practices that could result in

damage to this product or other property.

These terms may appear on the product:

DANGER in the marking.

WARNING read the marking.

CAUTIO

The following symbol(s) may appear on the product:

appear in this manual:

dicates an injury hazard immediately accessible as you read

indicates an injury hazard not immediately accessible as you

N indicates a hazard to property including the product.

vi TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Compliance Information

This section lists the EMC (electromagnetic compliance), safety, and environmental standards with which the instrument complies.

EMC Compliance

EC Declaration of Conformity – EMC

Meets intent of Directive 2004/108/EC for Electromagnetic Compatibility. Compliance was demonstrated to the following speciﬁcations as listed in the Ofﬁcial Journal of the European Communities:

EN 61326-1:2006, EN 61326-2-1:2006. EMC requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use.

123

CISPR 11:2003. Radiated and conducted emissions, Group 1, Class A

IEC 61000-4-2:2001. Electrostatic discharge immunity

IEC 61000-4-3:2002. RF electromagnetic ﬁeld immunity

IEC 61000-4-4:2004. Electrical fast transient/burst immunity

IEC 61000-4-5:2001. Power line surge immunity

IEC 61000-4-6:2003. Conducted RF immunity

IEC 61000-4-11:2004. Voltage dips and interruptions immunity

EN 61000-3-2:2006. AC power line harmonic emissions

EN 61000-3-3:1995. Voltage changes, ﬂuctuations, and ﬂ icker

European Contact.

Tektronix UK, Ltd. Western Peninsula West ern Road

cknell, RG12 1RF

Bra United Kingdom

This product is intended for use in nonresidential areas only. Use in residential areas may cause electromagnetic interference.

Emissions which exceed the levels required by this standard may occur when this equipment is connected to a test object.

To ensure compliance with the EMC standards listed here, high quality shielded interface cables should be used.

Theincreaseintracenoisewhilesubjectedtothetestﬁeld (3 V/m over the frequency ranges of 80 MHz to 1 GHz and 1.4 GHz to 2.0 GHz, with 80% amplitude modulation at 1 kHz) and (1 V/m over the frequency range of

2.0 GHz to 2.7 GHz, with 80% amplitude modulation at 1 kHz) is not to exceed two major divisions peak-to-peak. Ambient conducted ﬁelds may induce triggering when the trigger threshold is offset less than one major division from channel reference.

Theincreaseintracenoisewhilesubjectedtothetestﬁeld (3 V rms over the frequency range of 150 kHz to 80 MHz, with 80% amplitude modulation at 1 kHz) is not to exceed one major division peak-to-peak. Ambient

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual vii

Compliance Information

Australia / New Zealand

Declaration

Conformity – EMC

conducted ﬁeld channel reference.

Performance C levels (IEC 61000-4-11).

s may induce triggering when the trigger threshold is offset less than 0.5 major divisions from

riterion C applied at the 70%/25 cycle Voltage-Dip and the 0%/250 cycle Voltage-Interruption test

Complies with the EMC provision of the Radiocommunications Act per the following st

andard, in accordance with ACMA:

CISPR 11:2003. Radiated and C onducted Emissions, Group 1, Class A, in accordance

with EN 61326-1:2006 and EN 61326-2-1:2006.

viii TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Compliance Information

Safety Compli

ance

EC Declaration of

Conformity – Low Voltage

U.S. Nationally Recognized

Testing Laboratory Listing

Canadian Certiﬁcation

Additional Compliances

Compliance was demonstrated to the following speciﬁcation as listed in the Ofﬁcial Journal of the European Communities:

Low Voltage Directive 2006/95/EC.

EN 61010-1: 2001. Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement control and laboratory use.

UL61010B-1:2003, First Edition, Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use.

CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 1010.1-92 - Safety Re Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use.

CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 1010.1B 97 - Amendment 2 to CAN/CSA C22.2 No.

1010.1-92 - Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use.

IEC 61010-1: 2001. Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use.

quirements for Electrical

Equipment Type

Pollution Degree

Description

Test and measuring equipment.

A measure of the contaminants that could occur in the environment around and within a product. Typically the internal environment inside a product is considered to be the same as the external. Products should be used only in the environment for which they are rated.

Pollution D egree 1. No pollution or only dry, n onconductive pollution occurs. Products in this category are generally encapsulated, hermetically sealed, or located in clean rooms.

Pollution Degree 2. Normally only dry, nonconductive pollution occurs. Occasionally a temporary conductivity that is caused by condensation must be expected. This location is a typical ofﬁce/home environment. Temporary condensation occurs only when the product is out of service.

Pollution Degre that becomes conductive due to condensation. These are sheltered locations where neither temperature nor humidity is controlled. The area is protected from direct sunshine, rain, or direct wind.

Pollution Degree 4. Pollution that generates persistent conductivity through conductive dust, rain, or snow. Typical outdoor locations.

e 3. Conductive pollution, or dry, nonconductive pollution

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual ix

Compliance Information

Pollution Degree

Installation (Overvoltage)

Category Descriptions

Overvoltage Category

Pollution Degr

Terminals on this product may have different installation (overvoltage) category designations. The installation categories are:

Measurement Category IV. For measurements performed at the source of low-voltage installation.

Measurement Category III. For measurements performed in the building installation.

Measurement Category II. For measurements performed on circuits directly connected to the low-voltage installation.

Measurement Category I. For mea surements performed on circuits not directly connected to MAINS.

Overvol

ee 2 (as deﬁned in IEC 61010-1). Note: Rated for indoor use only.

tage Category II (as deﬁned in IEC 61010-1)

x TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Compliance Information

Environmenta

Product End-of-Life

l Considerations

This section provides information about the environmental impact of the product.

Observe the following guidelines when recycling an instrument or component:

Handling

Equipment Recycling. Production of this equipment required the extraction and

use of natural resources. The equipment may contain substances that could be harmful to end of life. In order to avoid release of such substances into the environment and to reduce the use of natural resources, we encourage you to recycle this product in an appropriate system that will ensure that most of the materials are reused or recycled appropriately.

y Recycling. This product contains a lithium ion (Li-ion) rechargeable

Batter

battery, which must be recycled or disposed of properly.

the environment or human health if improperly handled at the product’s

This sym Union requirements according to Directives 2002/96/EC and 2006/66/EC on waste e lectrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and batteries. For informa Tektronix Web site (www.tektronix.com).

bol indicates that this product complies with the applicable European

tion about recycling options, check the Support/Service section of the

Transporting Batteries

um-Ion batteries are subject to disposal and recycling regulations that

Lithi vary by country and region. Always check and follow your applicable regulations before disposing of any battery. Contact Rechargeable Battery Recycling Corporation (www.rbrc.org) for U.S.A. and Canada, or your local battery recycling organization.

Many countries prohibit the disposal of waste electronic equipment in standard waste receptacles.

Place only discharged batteries in a battery collection container. Use electrical tape or other approved covering over the battery connection points to prevent short circuits.

Mercury Notiﬁcation. This product uses an LCD backlight lamp that contains mercury. Disposal may be regulated due to environmental considerations. Please contact your local authorities or, within the United States, refer to the E-cycling Central Web page (www.eiae.org) for disposal or recycling information.

The capacity of the lithium ion rechargeable battery pack in this product is under 100 Wh. The lithium-equivalent content, as deﬁned by the UN Manual of Tests andCriteriaPartIIISection38.3,isunder8gperpackand1.5gperindividual cell.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual xi

Compliance Information

Restriction of Hazardous

Substances

Always check al before transporting a Lithium-Ion battery.

Transporting cases, be speciﬁcally limited or prohibited.

This product has been classiﬁed as Monitoring and Control equipment, and is outside the

scope of the 2002/95/EC RoHS Directive.

l applicable local, national, and international regulations

an end-of-life, damaged, or recalled battery may, in certain

xii TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Preface

This manual c Storage Oscilloscopes. The manual consists of the following chapters:

The Getting and provides installation instructions.

The Operat

The Understanding Oscilloscope Functions chapter describes basic operations and functi acquiring data, scaling and positioning waveforms, and taking measurements.

The Appl variety of measurement problems.

The Math function to convert a time-domain signal into its frequency components (spectrum).

The Communications chapter d escribes how to set up the RS-232 a nd Centronics ports to use the oscilloscope with external devices, such as printers and computers.

The Removable Mass S torage chapter describes how to use a CompactFlash card and oscilloscope functions available when a card is in use.

ontains operating information for the TPS2000 Series Digital

Started chapter brieﬂy describes features of the oscilloscope

ing Basics chapter covers operating principles of the oscilloscopes.

ons of an oscilloscope: setting up the oscilloscope, triggering,

ication Examples chapter provides examples on how to solve a

FFT chapter describes how t o use the Math Fast Fourier Transform

The Managing TPSBAT Battery Packs chapter describes how to use, charge, calibrate, and replace battery packs.

The Reference chapter describes the selections or available range of values for each option.

The Appendix A: Speciﬁcations chapter includes electrical, environmental, and physical speciﬁcations for the oscilloscope and the P2220 probe.

The Appendix B: Accessories chapter brieﬂy describes standard and optional accessories.

The Appendix C: Cleaning chapter describes how to take care of the oscilloscope.

The Appendix D: Default Setup chapter contains a list of the menus and controls with the default (factory) settings that are recalled when you push the DEFAULT SETUP front-panel button.

The Appendix E: Font Licenses chapter provides the licenses to use speciﬁc Asian fonts.

The Appendix F: TPS2000 Compatible Probe Maximum Voltages chapter lists the maximum voltages of compatible probes.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual xiii

Preface

Help System

The oscilloscope has a Help system with topics that cover all the features of the oscilloscope. You can use the Help system to display several kinds of information:

General information about understanding and using the oscilloscope, such as Using the Menu System.

Information about speciﬁc menus and controls, such as the Vertical Position Control.

Advice about problems you may face while using an oscilloscope, such as Reducing Noise.

The Help system provides several ways to ﬁnd the information you need: context-sensitive help, hyperlinks, and an index.

Context-Sensitive Help

Hyperlinks

Index

The oscilloscope displays information about the last menu displayed on the screen when y ou push the HELP front-panel button. When viewing help topics, an LED lights next to the multipurpose knob to indicate that the knob is active. If the topic uses more than one page, turn the multipurpose knob to move from page to page within the topic.

Most of the help topics contain phrases marked with angle bracket s, such as <Autoset>. These are links to other topics. Turn the multipurpose knob to move the highlight from one link to another. Push the Show Topic option button to display the topic corresponding to the highlighted link. Push the Back option button to return to the previous topic.

Push the front-panel HELP button, then push the Index option button. Push the Page Up or Page Down option buttons until you the topic you want to view. Turn the multipurpose knob to highlight a help topic. Push the Show Topic option button to display the topic.

NOTE. Push the Exit option button or any menu button to remove the Help text

from the screen and return to displaying waveforms.

ﬁnd the index page that contains

Conventions

This manual uses the following conven

Front-panel buttons, knobs and connectors appear in all uppercase letters. For example: HELP, PRINT.

Menu options appear with the ﬁrst letter of each word in upper case. For example: Peak Detect, Window Zone.

xiv TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

tions:

Preface

Multipurpose k

Option buttons — First letter of each word on screen is upper case

nob

Front-panel bu

ttons and knob lab e ls — All upper case

NOTE. Option buttons may also be called screen buttons, side-menu buttons,

bezel but

tons, o r soft keys .

The ► delimiter separates a series of button pushes. For example, UTILITY ► Option

s ► RS232 Setup means that you push the UTILITY front-panel button, then push the Options option button, and then push the RS232 Setup option button. Multiple pushes of an option button may be required to select the desired option.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual xv

Preface

xvi TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Getting Started

TPS2000 Series Digital Storage Oscilloscopes are small, lightweight, benchtop oscilloscope you can use to take ground-referenced measurements.

This chapter describes how to do the following tasks:

Take ﬂoating measurements

Install your product

General Features

Charge battery pack

Perform a brief functional check

Perform a probe check and compensate probes

Match your probe attenuation factor

Use the self calibration routine

NOTE. You can select a language to display on the screen when you power on

the oscilloscope. At any time, you can also access the UTILITY ► Language option to select a language.

The next table and list d

Model Channels Bandwidth Sample rate

TPS2012

TPS2014

TPS2024

escribe the general features.

2 100 MHz

4 100 MHz

4 200 MHz

1.0 GS /s

2.0 GS /s

Battery powered or line powered

Two rechargeable battery packs (second battery pack optional)

Independently isolated channels with no shared common ground

TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis application (optional)

Support for compatible voltage probes and current probes

Context-sensitive help system

Color LCD display

Selectable 20 MHz bandwidth limit

2500 point record length for each channel

Autoset

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 1

Getting Started

Autoranging fo

Probe Check Wizard

Cursors with readouts

Trigger frequency readout

Eleven automatic measurements

Waveform averaging and peak detection

Dual time b

Math functions: +, -, and × operations

Math Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)

Pulse Width trigger capability

Video trigger capability with line-selectable triggering

External trigger

Setup a

Removablemassstorage

Variable persistence display

nd waveform storage

r quick set up and hands-free operation

ase

RS-232 and Centronics ports

OpenChoice PC Communications software

User interface and help topics in ten languages

2 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Taking Floating Measurements

For taking ﬂoating measurements, the oscilloscope channel and Ext Trig inputs (3 MΩ ) are isolated from the oscilloscope chassis and from each other. This allows independent ﬂoating measurements with channel 1, channel 2, and Ext Trig (and with channel 3 and channel 4 on four channel models).

Getting Started

Probe Connection

The osc grounded power supply, a grounded printer, or a grounded computer.

Most o and Ext Trig inputs. This reference is typically connected to earth ground through the power cord. With common-referenced oscilloscopes, all input signals must have the same common reference when you take any multi-channel measurements.

Without differential preampliﬁers or external signal isolators, common-referenced oscilloscopes are not suitable for taking ﬂoating measurements.

WAR NI NG . To prevent electrical shock, do not exceed the measurement or ﬂoating

vo reference lead.

illoscope inputs ﬂoat even when the oscilloscope is connected to a

ther oscilloscopes share a common re ference for the oscilloscope channel

ltage ratings for the oscilloscope input BNC connector, probe tip, or probe

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 3

Getting Started

Understand the

voltage ratings for the probes you are using and do not exceed

those ratings. The following voltage ratings are important to know and understand:

The maximum me

asurement voltage from the probe tip and BNC signal to the

probe reference lead

The maximum

measurement voltage from the probe tip and BNC shell to

earth ground

The maximum

ﬂoating voltage from the probe reference lead to earth ground

WARNING. To avoid an electric shock, do not use probes that require a ground

connection, such as the Tektronix P5200 High Voltage Differential Probe, with the TPS2000 series oscilloscopes. The P5200 High Voltage Differential Probe requires an oscilloscope with grounded inputs and the TPS2000 series oscilloscopes have ﬂoating inputs (isolated inputs).

WARNING. Do not ﬂoat the P2220 probe reference lead to > 30 V

P5120 probe (ﬂoatable to 600 V

passive, high voltage probe (not the ground referenced P5100 probe), or an

rated,

CAT II or 300 V

RMS

CAT III) or similarly

RMS

.Usethe

RMS

appropriately rated, high voltage, differential probe when ﬂoating the reference lead above 30 V

, subject to the ratings of such high voltage probe.

RMS

Attach the Reference

Leads Correctly

To avoid electric shock when using probes with exposed metal parts, do not connect the reference lead to voltages above 30 V

RMS

These voltage ratings depend on the p robe and your application. (See page 119, Speciﬁcations.)

This manual contains more information on probe safety. (See page 10, Probe Safety.)

ou must attach the probe re ference lead for each channel directly to your circuit.

Y These attachments are required because the oscilloscope channels are electrically isolated; they do not share a common connection. Use the shortest possible reference lead with each probe to maintain good signal ﬁdelity.

The probe reference lead presents a higher capacitive load to the circuit under test than the probe tip. When taking a ﬂoating measurement between two nodes of a circuit, attach the probe reference lead to the lowest impedance or least dynamic of the two nodes.

4 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Getting Started

BNC Connectors

Unterminated BNC Inputs

Installation

The oscillosco connector. The black bayonet on the outside of the BNC connectors does not provide electrical contact. For a good connection, make sure your probe or cable connector is pushed on and twist locked. Replace cables or probes that have worn connectors.

The black bayonet on the outside of the BNC input connectors does not shield the connector input from unwanted electrical noise from nearby circuits. Connect a50Ω terminator or a BNC shorting plug to the input BNC connector when establishing a "No Signal" baseline condition.

You can use the oscilloscope AC adapter to power the oscilloscope or to charge battery source, follow these ste ps:

1. Insert the back of the oscilloscope.

2. Conne and an electrical outlet.

pe BNC reference connection is made on the inside of the BNC

packs when installed. To use the oscilloscope AC adapter as the power

the DC connector end of the adapter into the DC INPUT connector on

ct the appropriate power cord between the oscilloscope AC adapter

ttery packs are installed, an LED lights on the front of the oscilloscope to

If ba indicate when the battery packs are charging.

NOTE. The oscilloscope contains a temperature-sensing fan for cooling that

forces air through vents on the bottom and on the side of the oscilloscope. To allow air to ﬂow freely through the oscilloscope, do not block these vents.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 5

Getting Started

Battery Packs

The oscillosco

pe can accommodate two TPSBAT battery packs. The product includes one battery pack that is not installed when shipped. The amount of time you can operate the oscilloscope with battery packs depends on the oscilloscope model.

Oscilloscope Amount of tim e to operate

2 channel 5.5 hours on one battery pack, 11 hours on two

4 channel 4.5 hours on one battery pack, 9 hours on two

NOTE. The o

scilloscope displays a message when approximately 10 minutes of

operating time remain on the battery packs.

This manu

al contains details on how to use, charge, calibrate, and replace battery packs. For example, battery packs need to be calibrated to accurately report available operating time. (See page 81, Managing TPSBAT Battery Packs.)

To install battery packs, follow these steps:

1. Press t

he battery compartment door latch on the the right side panel and open

the battery compartment.

2. Orien

t the battery pack as shown on the oscilloscope, and install the pack.

Battery packs are keyed, so you can insert them only one way.

ingle battery pack use, install a pack in the lower receptacle. This lowers

For s the center of gravity.

3. Clo

se the battery compartment door.

6 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Getting Started

Charging Battery Packs

Power Cord

Versatile Hanger

To remove the ba

ttery packs, follow these steps:

1. Press the battery compartment door latch on the the right side panel and open the battery co

mpartment.

2. Grab the strap and lift up.

3. Push the spring clip towards the outside of the battery pack and pull the strap

to remove the battery pack.

4. Close the battery compartment door.

You can charge the battery packs in an oscilloscope or with the TPSCHG external battery charger. (See page 84, Charging TPSBAT Battery Packs.)

Use only power cords designed for the AC adapter for the oscilloscope or external charger. The AC adapter for the oscilloscope and external charger requires 90 to 264 VAC

, 45 to 66 Hz. Optional power cords are available. (See Table 12

RMS

on page 130.)

Use the versatile hanger to securely suspend the oscilloscope when you cannot placeitonastablesurface,suchasonabenchtop.

To attach the hanger, follow these steps:

1. Position a hanger clip over one of the feet on the rear case so the clip is ﬂat against the case. Orient the slot at the top of the clip.

2. Push the clip up towards the top of the case to snap it in place.

3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for the other clip.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 7

Getting Started

4. Adjust the leng oscilloscope stationary while suspended.

NOTE. You can route the nylon strap through the handle on the oscilloscope to

provide a more stable center of gravity.

5. Place the hooks over a vertical support, such as a wall partition or an instrument rack door.

th of the nylon strap. A short strap helps to keep the

Secur

ity Lock

Use a standard laptop computer security cable to secure your oscilloscope to your location.

8 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Probes

Getting Started

TPS2000 series oscilloscopes ship with P2220 passive voltage probes. (See page 10, Probe Safety.) (See page 119, Speciﬁcations.)

You can use many Tektronix voltage probes and current probes with these oscilloscopes. Refer to Appendix B or the www.Tektronix.com Web site for a list of compatible probes.

Functiona

lCheck

Perform this functional check to verify that your oscilloscope is operating correctly.

ON/STANDBY button DEFAULT SETUP button

PROBE COMP

1. Power on the oscilloscope.

Push the DEFAULT SETUP button.

The default Probe option attenuation setting is 10X.

2. Set the switch to 10X on the P2220 probe and connect the probe to channel 1 on the oscilloscope. To do this, align the slot in the probe

ctor with the key on the CH 1 BNC, push to connect, and twist

conne to the right to lock the probe in place.

Connect the probe tip and reference lead to the PROBE COMP

nals.

termi

3. Push the AUTOSET button. Within a few seconds, you should see a

re wave in the display of about 5V peak-to-peak at 1 kHz.

squa

Push the CH1 MENU button on the front panel twice to remove channel 1, push the CH 2 MENU button to display channel 2, and

eat steps 2 and 3. For 4-channel models, repeat for CH 3 and

rep CH 4.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 9

Getting Started

Probe Safety

Check and observe probe ratings before using probes.

A guard around the P2220 probe body provides a ﬁnger barrier for protection from electric shock.

Finger guard

WARNING. To avoid electric shock when using the probe, keep ﬁngers behind

the guard on the probe body.

To avoid electric shock while using the probe, do not touch metallic portions of the probe head while it is connected to a voltage source.

Connect the probe to the oscilloscope, and connect the ground terminal to ground before you take any measurements.

Any probe or cable used to apply more than 30 VAC

(42 V peak) to the

RMS

oscilloscope BNC input connector must be third-party certiﬁed for the voltage

pplied, including rating the probe reference lead or cable shield to ﬂoat to

to be a 600 V

This

CAT II.

RMS

manual contains important information on isolated channels, ﬂoating

measurements, and high voltages. (See page 3, Taking Floating Measurements.)

WARNING. Do not ﬂoat the P2220 probe reference lead to > 30 V

P5120 probe (ﬂoatable to 600 V

CAT II or 300 V

RMS

CAT III) or similarly

RMS

.Usethe

RMS

rated, passive, high voltage probe (not the ground referenced P5100 probe), or an appropriately rated, high voltage, differential probe when ﬂoating the reference

ad above 30 V

, subject to the ratings of such high voltage probe.

RMS

To avoid electric shock when using probes with exposed metal parts, do not

onnect the reference lead to voltages above 30 V

RMS

10 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Getting Started

Voltage Probe

Check Wizard

You can use the Probe Check Wizard to verify that a voltage probe is operating properly. The wizard does not support current probes.

The wizard helps you adjust the compensation for voltage probes (usually with a screw on the probe body or probe connector) and set the factor for the Attenuation option for e Attenuation option.

You should an input channel.

To use t he voltage probe is connected properly, compensated properly, and the Attenuation option in the oscilloscope VERTICAL menu is set to match the probe, the oscilloscope displays a PASSED message at the bottom of the screen. Otherwise, the oscilloscope displays directions on the screen to guide you in correcting these problems.

NOTE.

probes. It is not useful for 500X or 1000X probes, or for probes connected to the EXT TRIG BNC.

ach channel, such as in the CH 1 MENU ► Probe ► Voltage ►

use the Probe Check Wizard each time you connect a voltage probe to

Probe Check Wizard, push the PROBE CHECK button. If the

The Probe Check Wizard is useful for 1X, 10X, 20X, 50X, and 100X

NOTE. When the process is complete, the Probe Check Wizard restores the

illoscope settings (other than the Probe option) to what they were before you

osc pushed the PROBE CHECK button.

To compensate a probe that you plan to use with the EXT TRIG input, follow

ese steps:

1. Connect the probe to any input channel BNC, such as to CH 1.

2. Push the PROBE CHECK button and follow the directions on the screen.

3. After you verify that the probe functions and is compensated properly, connect

the probe to the EXT TRIG BNC.

Manual Probe Compensation

As an alternative method to the Probe Check Wizard, you can manually perform this adjustment to match you r probe to the input channel.

NOTE. Be sure to properly connect the voltage probe reference lead to the PROBE

COMP reference terminal because the oscilloscope channels are isolated from the PROBE COMP terminals.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 11

Getting Started

PROBE COMP AUTOSET

button

Overcompensated

Undercompensated

Compensated correctly

1. Push the CH 1 ME Attenuation option and select 10X. Set the switch

to 10X on the P2220 probe and connect the probe to channel 1 o probe hook-tip, ensure a proper connection by ﬁrmly inserting the tip onto the probe.

2. Attach the pr ~5V@1kHz terminal and the reference lead to the PROBE COMP chassis terminal. Display the channel, an

3. Check the s

4. If necessary, adjust your probe. The P2220 probe

is shown.

Repeat a

s necessary.

NU ► Probe ► Vol tage ►

n the oscilloscope. If you use the

obetiptothePROBECOMP

d then push the AUTOSET button.

hape of the displayed waveform.

Voltage Probe Attenuation Setting

Voltage probes are available with various attenuation factors which affect the

ical scale of the signal. The Probe Check Wizard veriﬁes that the attenuation

vert factor in the oscilloscope matches the probe.

n alternative method to Probe Check, you can manually select the factor that

As a matches the attenuation of your probe. For example, to match a probe set to 10X connectedtoCH1,pushtheCH 1 MENU ► Probe ► Vo l tage ► Attenuation option, and select 10X.

NOTE. The default setting for the Attenuation option is 10X.

If you change the Attenuation switch on the P2220 probe, you also need to change the oscilloscope Attenuation option to match. Switch settings are 1X and 10X.

12 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Getting Started

Current Probe Scaling

Attenuation sw

NOTE. When the Attenuation switch is set to 1X, the P2220 probe limits the

bandwidth of the oscilloscope to 6 MHz. To use the full bandwidth of the oscillosco

Current probes provide a voltage signal proportional to the current. You need to set the oscilloscope to match the scale of your current probe. The default scale is 10 A/V.

To set the scale, follow these steps:

1. Push a vertical channel button (such as the CH 1 MENU button).

2. Push th

pe,besuretosettheswitchto10X.

e Probe option button.

itch

Calibration

Self

3. Push the Current option button.

4. Push the Scale option button to select an appropriate value.

The self calibration routine lets you optimize the oscilloscope signal path for maximum measurement accuracy. You can run the routine at any time but you

uld always run the routine if the ambient temperature changes by 5 °C (9 °F)

sho or more. The routine takes about two minutes.

r accurate calibration, power on the oscilloscope and wait twenty minutes to

Fo ensure it is warmed up.

o compensate the signal path, disconnect any probes or cables from the input

T connectors. Then, access the UTILITY ► Do Self Cal option, and follow the directions on the screen.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 13

Getting Started

14 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Operating Basics

The front panel is divided into easy-to-use functional areas. This chapter provides you with a quick overview of the controls and the information displayed on the screen.

2-chann

4-channel model

el model

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 15

Operating Basics

Display Area

The front panel illumination does not signiﬁcantly affect the duration of the charge of the battery packs when you operate the oscilloscope from battery packs only.

In addition to displaying waveforms, the display is ﬁlled with many details about the waveform and the oscilloscope control settings.

NOTE. Refer to Displaying the FFT Spectrum for details on displaying the FFT

function, (See page 63, Displaying the FFT Spectrum.)

buttons can be illuminated (through the Utilities menu). This

16 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Operating Basics

1. Icon display sh

ows acquisition mode.

Sample mode

Peak detect mo

Average mode

2. Trigger status indicates the following:

The oscilloscope is acquiring pretrigger data. All triggers are ignored in this state.

All pretrigger data has been acquired and the oscilloscope is ready to accept a trigger.

The oscilloscope has seen a trigger and is acquiring the posttrigger data.

The oscilloscope has stopped acquiring waveform data.

The oscilloscope has completed a Single Sequence acquisition.

The oscilloscope is in auto mode and is acquiring waveforms in the absence o f triggers.

The oscilloscope is acquiring and displaying waveform data continuously in scan mode.

3. Marker

shows horizontal trigger position. Turn the HORIZONTAL

POSITION knob to adjust the position of t he marker.

4. Reado

ut shows the time at the center graticule. The trigger time is zero.

5. Marker shows Edge or Pulse Width trigger level.

6. On-screen markers show the ground reference points of the displayed

waveforms. If there is no marker, the channel is not displayed.

7. An arrow icon indicates that the waveform is inverted.

8. Readouts show the vertical scale factors of the channels.

9. AB

icon indicates that the channel is bandwidth limited.

10. Readout shows main time base setting.

eadout shows window time base setting if it is in use.

11.R

12. Readout shows trigger source used for triggering.

13. Icon shows selected trigger type as follows:

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 17

Operating Basics

Edge trigger for the rising edge.

Edge trigger for the falling edge.

Video trigger for line sync.

Video trigger for ﬁeld sync.

Pulse Width t

rigger, positive polarity.

Pulse Width

trigger, negative polarity.

14. Readout shows Edge or Pulse Width trigger level.

15. Display area shows helpful messages; some messages display for only three

seconds.

If you recall a saved waveform, readout shows information about the reference waveform, such as RefA 1.00V 500µs.

16. Readout shows date and time.

17. Readout shows trigger frequency.

18 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Operating Basics

Message Area

Using the Menu System

The oscillosco at the bottom of the screen that conveys the following types of helpful information:

Directions to button:

For TRIGGE R

Suggestion of what you might want to do next, such as when you push the MEASURE but

Push an option button to change its measurement

Information about the action the oscilloscope performed, such as when you push the DEFAULT SETUP button:

Default se tup recalled

Information about the waveform, such as when you push the AUTOSET button:

Square wav e or pulse detected on CH1

pe displays a message area (item number 15 in the previous ﬁgure)

access another menu, such as when you push the TRIG MENU

HOLDOFF, g o to HORIZONTAL MENU

ton:

The user interface of the oscilloscopes was designed for easy access to specialized functions through the menu structure.

When you push a front-panel button, the oscilloscope displays the corresponding menu on the right side of the screen. The menu shows the options that are available when you push the unlabeled option buttons directly to the right of the screen.

The oscilloscope uses several methods to display menu options:

Page (Submenu) Selection: For some menus, you can use the top option button to choose two or three submenus. Each time you push the top button, the options change. For example, when you push the top button in the

RIGGER Menu, the oscilloscope cycles through the Edge, Video, and Pulse

T Width trigger submenus.

Circular List: The oscilloscope sets the parameter to a different value each time you push the option button. For example, you can push the CH 1 MENU button and then push the top option button to cycle through the Vertical (channel) Coupling options.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 19

Operating Basics

Page Selection Circular List

TRIGGER CH1

Type

Edge

or or

TRIGGER CH1

Type

Video

or or

TRIGGER CH1

Type

Pulse

Coupling

Ground

Action: The osc

illoscope displays the type of action that will immediately occur when you push an Action option button. For example, when the Help Index is visible, and you push the Page Down option button, the oscilloscope immediately displays the next page of index entries.

Radio: The oscilloscope uses a different button for each option. The currently-selected option is highlighted. For example, the oscilloscope displays various acquisition mode options when you push the ACQUIRE Menu button. To select an option, push the corresponding button.

Action Radio

HELP

Page

Down

ACQUIRE

Sample

Peak Det

Average

ect

20 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Operating Basics

Vertical Cont

rols

All m odel

POSITION(CH1,CH2,CH3&CH4). Positions a waveform vertically.

CH 1, CH

the display of the channel waveform on and off.

VOLTS/DIV (CH 1, C H 2, CH 3 & CH 4). Selects vertical scale factors.

MATH MENU. Displays waveform math operations menu and toggles the display

of th

2, CH 3 & CH 4 MENU. Displays the Vertical menu selections and toggles

e math waveform on and off.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 21

Operating Basics

Horizontal Co

ntrols

2-channel model 4-channel model

POSITION. Adjusts the horizontal position of all channel and math waveforms.

The resolution of this control varies with the time base setting. (See page 100, Window Zone.)

NOTE. To make a large adjustment to the horizontal position, turn the SEC/DIV

knob to a larger value, change the horizontal position, and then turn the SEC/DIV

ack to the previous value.

knob b

HORIZ MENU. Displays the Horizontal Menu.

OZERO. Sets the horizontal position to zero.

SET T

SEC/DIV. Selects the horizontal time/div (scale factor) for the main or the window

time base. When Window Zone is enabled, it changes the width of the window zone by changing the window time base. (See page 100, Window Zone.)

22 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Operating Basics

Trigger Contr

2-channe

lmodel

ols

4-channel model

LEVEL. When you use an Edge or Pulse trigger, the TRIGGER LEVEL knob sets

the amplitude level that the signal must cross to acquire a waveform.

TRIG MENU. Displays the Trigger Menu.

SET TO 50%. The trigger level is set to the vertical midpoint between the peaks of

the trigger signal.

FORCE TRIG. Completes an acquisition regardless of an adequate trigger signal. This button has no effect if the acquisition is already stopped.

TRIG VIEW. Displays the trigger waveform in place of the channel waveform while you hold down the TRIG VIEW button. Use this to see how the trigger settings affect the trigger signal, such as trigger coupling.

Menu and Control Buttons

Multipurpose knob

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 23

Operating Basics

Refer to the Ref

erence chapter for detailed information on the menu and button

controls.

Multipurpose Knob. Thefunctionisdeterminedbythedisplayedmenuorselected menu option. When active, the adjacent LED lights. The next table lists the functions.

Active menu or option Knob function Description

Cursor Cursor 1 or Cursor 2

Display

Help

Horizontal

Math

Measure Type

Save/Recall

Trigger

Utility ► File Utilities

Utility ► Options ► Set Date and Time

Contrast Changes the contrast of the display

Brightness

Scroll Selects entries in the Index; selects

Set Trigger Holdoff Sets the amount of time before another

Position

Vertical Scale Changes the scale of the Math

Action

File selection

Video line number

Pulse width

File selection

Name entry

Value entry

Positions the selected cursor

Changes the brightness of the display

links in a topic; displays the next or previous page for a topic

trigger event can be accepted; (See page 112, Trigger Holdoff.)

Positions the Math waveform

waveform

Selects the type of automatic measurement for each source

Sets the transaction as save or recall for setup ﬁles, waveform ﬁles, or screen images. Use also to display or remove Ref waveforms from the display.

Selects setup, waveform or image ﬁles to save, or selects setup or waveform ﬁles to recall

Sets the oscilloscope to a speciﬁcline number when the Trigger Type option is set to Video and the Sync option is set to Line Number

Sets the width of the pulse when the Trigger Type option is set to Pulse

Selects ﬁles to rename or delete; (See page 114, File Utilities.)

Renames the ﬁle or folder; (See page 115, Rename File or F older.)

Sets the value for the date and time; (See page 114, Setting the Date and Time.)

AUTORANGE. Displays the Autorange Menu, and activates or deactivates the autoranging function. When autoranging is active, the adjacent LED lights.

24 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Operating Basics

SAVE/RECALL. D

MEASURE. Displays the automated measurements menu.

ACQUIRE. Displays the Acquire Menu.

APPLICATION. Displays a menu when an Application Key is inserted in the front

of the oscilloscope, for example Power Analysis.

UTILITY. Displays the Utility Menu.

CURSOR. Displays the Cursor Menu. Cursors remain visible (unless the Type

option is set to Off) after you leave the Cursor Menu but are not adjustable.

DISPLAY. Displays the Display Menu.

HELP. Displays the Help Menu.

DEFAULT SETUP. Recalls the factory setup.

AUTOSET. Automatically sets the oscilloscope controls to produce a usable

display of the input signals.

SINGLE SEQ. Acquires a single waveform and then stops.

isplays the Save/Recall Menu for setups and waveforms.

Input Connectors

RUN/STOP. Continuously acquires waveforms or stops the acquisition.

PRINT. Starts print operations through the Centronics or RS-232 ports, or

performs the SAVE function to the removable mass storage.

SAVE. An LED indicates when the PRINT button is conﬁgured to save data to the CompactFlash card.

2-channel model

nel model

4-chan

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 25

Operating Basics

Other Front

-Panel Items

CH 1, CH 2, CH 3 & C

EXT TRIG. Input connector for an external trigger source. Use the Trigger Menu

to select the Ext, or Ext/5 trigger source. Push and hold the TRIG VIEW button to see how the trigger settings affect the trigger signal, such as trigger coupling.

TYPE 1 Com

storage. When saving data to or retrieving data from a CF card, the adjacent LED lights. Wait until the LED goes out to remove the card.

APPLICATION KEY. Insert an Application Key to enable an optional application, such as for power analysis.

pactFlash. Insert a CompactFlash (CF) card for removable memory

H4. Input connectors for waveform display.

BATTERY CHARGING. An LED indicates when the oscilloscope is charging

installed battery packs.

PROBE COMP. Probe compensation output and chassis reference. Use to electrically match a voltage probe to the oscilloscope input c ircuit. (See page 11,

ual Probe Compensation.)

Man

The probe compensation reference lead connects to earth ground and is then

nsidered to be a ground terminal when using the oscilloscope AC adapter. (See

co page 3, Taking Floating Measurements.)

CAUTION. When using the AC adapter, do not connect a voltage source to any

exposed metal as this may damage the oscilloscope or the circuit under test.

26 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

This chapter contains general information that you need to understand before you use an oscilloscope. To use your oscilloscope effectively, you need to learn about the fol

Setting up the oscilloscope

Triggering

Acquiring signals (waveforms)

Scaling and positioning waveforms

Measuring waveforms

lowing functions:

The next and their relationships to each other.

Setting Up the Oscilloscope

You should become familiar w ith several functions that you may use often when

rating your oscilloscope: Autoset, Autorange, saving a setup, and recalling

ope a setup.

ﬁgure shows a block diagram of the various functions of the oscilloscope

Using Autoset

Using Autorange

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 27

Each time you push the AUTOSET button, the Autoset function obtains a stable

aveform display for you. It automatically adjusts the vertical scale, horizontal

w scale and trigger settings. Autoset also displays several automatic measurements in the graticule area, depending on the signal type.

Autorange is a continuous function that you can enable or disable. The function adjusts setup values to track a signal when the signal e xhibits large changes or when you physically move the probe to a different point.

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Saving a Setup

Recalling a Setup

Triggering

Default Setup

The oscillosco change before you power off the oscilloscope. The oscilloscope recalls this setup the next time you apply power.

You can use the SAVE/RECALL Menu to save up to ten different setups.

You can also accommodates a Type 1 CompactFlash card for removable mass storage. (See page 77, Removable Mass Storage.)

The oscill any saved setups, or the default setup. (See page 103, Save/Recall.)

The oscilloscope is set up for normal operation when it is shipped from the factory. Push the settings, but not all. Appendix D lists the default settings that will be recalled.

The trigger determines when the oscilloscope starts to acquire data and to display a waveform. When a trigger is set up properly, the oscilloscope converts unstable displays or blank screens into meaningful waveforms.

pe saves the current setup if you wait ﬁve seconds after the last

save setups to the CompactFlash card. The oscilloscope

oscope can recall the last setup before the oscilloscope was powered off,

DEFAULT SETUP button to recall most of the factory option and control

Triggered waveform Untriggered waveforms

For oscilloscope-speciﬁc descriptions, refer to the Operating Basics chapter. (See page 23, Trigger Controls.) ReferalsototheReference chapter. (See page 108, Trigger Controls.)

When you push the RUN/STOP or SINGLE SEQ button to start an acquisition, the oscilloscope goes through the following steps:

1. Acquires enough data to ﬁll the portion of the waveform record to the left of the trigger point. This is called the pretrigger.

2. Continues to acquire data while waiting for the trigger condition to occur.

3. Detects the trigger condition.

28 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Source

Types

Modes

4. Continues to ac

5. Displays the newly-acquired waveform.

NOTE. ForEdgeandPulsetriggers,theoscilloscope counts the rate at which

trigger events occur to determine trigger frequency. The oscilloscope displays the frequency in the lower right corner of the screen.

You can use the Trigger Source options to select the signal that the oscilloscope uses as a trigger. The source can be any signal connected to a channel BNC, or to the EXT TRIG BNC.

The oscilloscope provides three types of triggers: Edge, Video, and Pulse Width.

You can select the Auto or the Normal trigger mode to deﬁne how the oscilloscope acquires data when it does not detect a trigger condition. (See page 108, Mode Options.)

To perform a single sequence acquisition, push the SINGLE SEQ button.

quire data until the waveform record is full.

Coupling

Position

Slope and Level

You can use the Trigger Coupling option to determine which part of the signal will pass to the trigger circuit. This can help you attain a stable display of the waveform.

To use trigger coupling, push the TRIG MENU button, select an Edge or Pulse trigger, and select a Coupling option.

NOTE. Trigger coupling affects only the s i gnal passed to the trigger system. It

does not affect the bandwidth or coupling of the signal displayed on the screen.

To view the conditioned signal being passed to the trigger circuit, push and hold down the TRIG VIEW button.

The horizontal position control establishes the time between the trigger and the screen center. Refer to Horizontal Scale and Position; Pretrigger Information for information on how to use this control to position the trigger. (See page 31, Horizontal Scale and Position; Pretrigger Information.)

The Slope and Level controls help to deﬁne the trigger. The Slope option (Edge trigger type only) determines whether the oscilloscope ﬁnds the trigger point on the rising or the falling edge of a signal. The TRIGGER LEVEL knob controls where on the edge the trigger point occurs.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 29

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Trigger level can be adjusted

Acquiring Signals

When you acquire a signal, the oscilloscope converts it into a digital form and displays a waveform. The acquisition mode d eﬁnes how the signal is digitized, and the time base setting affects the time span and level of detail in the acquisition.

Rising edg e Falling edge

vertically

Trigger can be rising or falling

Acquisition Modes

ime Base

There are three acquisition m odes: Sample, Peak Detect, and Average.

Sample. In this acquisition mode, the oscilloscope samples the signal in evenly spaced intervals to construct the waveform. This mode accurately represents signals most of the time.

However, this mode does not acquire rapid variations in the signal that may occur between samples. This can result in aliasing, and may cause narrow pulses to be

d. (See page 31, Time Domain Aliasing.) In these cases, you should use

misse the Peak Detect Mode to acquire data.

Peak Detect. In this acquisition mode, the oscilloscope ﬁnds the highest and lowest values of the input signal over each sample interval and uses these values to display the waveform. In this way, the oscilloscope can acquire and display

row pulses, which may have otherwise been missed in Sample mode. Noise

nar will appear to be higher in this mode.

Average. In this acquisition mode, the oscilloscope acquires several waveforms, averages them, and displays the resulting waveform. You can use this mode to reduce random noise.

The oscilloscope digitizes waveforms by acquiring the value of an input signal at discrete points. The time base allows you to control how often the values are digitized.

To adjust the time base to a horizontal scale that suits your purpose, use the SEC/DIV knob.

30 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Scaling and Po

sitioning Waveforms

Vertical Scale and Position

Horizontal Scale and

Position; Pretrigger

Information

You can change the display of waveforms by adjusting the scale and position. When you change the scale, the waveform display will increase or decrease in size. When you chan

The channel indicator (located on the left of the graticule) identiﬁes each waveform on the display. The indicator points to the ground reference level of the waveform record.

You can view the display area and readouts. (See page 16, Display Area.)

You can change the vertical position of waveforms by moving them up or down in the display. To compare data, you can align a waveform above another or you can align waveforms on top of each other.

You can change the vertical scale of a waveform. The waveform display will contract or expand relative to the ground reference level.

For oscilloscope-speciﬁc descriptions, refer to the Operating Basics chapter. (See page 21, Vertical Controls.) ReferalsototheReference chapter. (See page 116, Vertical Controls.)

You can adjust the HORIZONTAL POSITION control to view waveform data before the trigger, after the trigger, or some of each. When you change the horizontal position of a waveform, you are actually changing the time between the trigger and the center of the display. (This appears to move the waveform to the right or left on the display.)

ge the position, the waveform will move up, down, right, or left.

Forexample,ifyouwanttoﬁnd the cause of a glitch in your test circuit, you might trigger on the glitch and make the pretrigger period large enough to capture data before the glitch. You can then analyze the pretrigger data and perhaps ﬁnd the cause of the glitch.

You change the horizontal scale of all the waveforms by turning the SEC/DIV knob. For example, you might want to see just one cycle of a waveform to measure the overshoot on its rising edge.

The oscilloscope shows the horizontal scale as time per division in the scale readout. Since all active waveforms use the same time base, the oscilloscope only displays one value for all the active channels, except when you use Window Zone. Refer to Window Zone for information on how to use the window function. (See page 100, W

For oscilloscope-speciﬁc descriptions, refer to the Operating Basics chapter. (See page 22, POSITION.)ReferalsototheReference chapter. (See page 99, Horizontal.)

Time Domain Aliasing. Aliasing occurs when the oscilloscope does not sample the signal fast enough to construct an accurate waveform record. When this h appens,

indow Zone.)

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 31

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

the oscillosco

pe displays a waveform with a frequency lower than the actual input

waveform, or triggers and displays an unstable waveform.

Actual high-f

requency waveform

Apparent low-frequency

waveformduetoaliasing

Sample points

The oscilloscope accurately represents signals, but is limited by the probe bandwidth, the oscilloscope bandwidth, and the sample rate. To avoid aliasing, the oscilloscope must sample the signal more than twice as fast as the highest frequency component of the signal.

The highest frequency that the oscilloscope sampling rate can theoretically represent is the Nyquist frequency. The sample rate is called the Nyquist rate, and is twice the Nyquist frequency.

Oscilloscope models with 100 MHz bandwidths sample at rates up to 1 GS/s. Models with 200 MHz bandwidths sample at rates up to 2 GS/s. In both cases, these m

aximum sample rates are at least ten times the bandwidth. These high

sample rates help reduce the possibility of aliasing.

are several ways to check for aliasing:

There

Turn the SEC/DIV knob to change the horizontal scale. If the shape of the

form changes drastically, you may have aliasing.

wave

Select the Peak Detect acquisition mode. (See page 30, Peak Detect.) This

samples the highest and lowest values so that the oscilloscope can

mode detect faster signals. If the shape of the waveform changes drastically, you may have aliasing.

If the trigger frequency is faster than the display information, you may have aliasing or a waveform that crosses the trigger level multiple times. Examining the waveform allows you to identify whether the shape of the signal is going to allow a single trigger crossing per cycle at the selected trigger level.

If multiple triggers are likely to occur, select a trigger level that will generate only a single trigger per cycle. If the trigger frequency is still faster than the display indicates, you may have aliasing.

If the trigger frequency is slower, this test is not useful.

32 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

If the signal yo

u are viewing is also the trigger source, use the graticule or the cursors to estimate the frequency of the displayed waveform. Compare this to the Trigger Frequency readout in the lower right corner of the screen. If they differ by a large amount, you may have aliasing.

The next table lists the time base settings that you can use to avoid aliasing at various frequencies and the respective sample rate. At the fastest SEC/DIV setting, aliasing is not likely to occur due to the bandwidth limitations of the oscilloscope input ampliﬁers.

Settings t

Time base Samples per second Maximum

2.5 ns

5.0 to 25

500.0 ns

1.0 μs

2.5 μs

5.0 μs

10.0 μ

25.0

0 μs

50.

100

0.0 μs

.0 ms

.5 ms

5.0 ms

10.0 ms

25.0 ms

50.0 ms

100.0 ms

250.0 ms

500.0 ms

1.0 s

2.5 s

5.0 s

10.0 s

25.0 s

50.0 s

†

o avoid aliasing in Sample mode

2GS/s

0.0 ns

1GS/sor2GS/s

500.0 MS/s

250.0 MS/s

100.0 MS/s

50.0 MS/s

μs

25.0 MS/s

10.0 MS/s

5.0 MS/s

.0 μs

2.5 MS/s

1.0 MS/s

500.0 kS/s

250.0 kS/s

100.0 kS/s

50.0 kS/s

25.0 kS/s

10.0 kS/s

5.0 kS/s

2.5 kS/s

1.0 kS/s

500.0 S/s

250.0 S/s

100.0 S/s

50.0 S/s

25.0 S/s

10.0 S/s

5.0 S/s

Depending on the oscilloscope model.

Bandwidthreducedto6MHzwithaP2220probesetto1X.

200.0 M Hz

200.0 MH

125.0 M

50.0 MH

25.0 M

12.5 M

5.0 M

2.5

1.2

MHz

5MHz

0.0 k Hz

25.0 k Hz

0.0 kHz

25.0 kHz

12.5 kHz

5.0 kHz

2.5 kHz

1.25 kHz

500.0 Hz

250.0 Hz

125.0 Hz

50.0 Hz

25.0 Hz

12.5 Hz

5.0 Hz

2.5 Hz

†

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 33

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Taking Measurements

The oscilloscope displays graphs of voltage versus time and can help you to measure the displayed waveform.

There are several ways to take measurements. You can use the graticule, the cursors, or an automated measurement.

Graticule

This method allows you to make a quick, visual estimate. For example, you might look at a waveform amplitude and determine that it is a little more than 100 mV.

You can take simple measurements by counting the major and minor graticule divisions involved and multiplying by the scale factor.

Forexample,ifyoucountedﬁve major vertical graticule divisions between the minimum and maximum values of a waveform and knew you had a scale factor of 100 mV/division, then you could calculate your peak-to-peak voltage as follows:

5 divisions x 100 mV/division = 500 mV

Cursor

Cursors

34 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

This method allows you to take measurements by moving the cursors, which

ays appear in pairs, and reading their numeric values from the display readouts.

alw There are two types of cursors: Amplitude and Time.

en you use cursors, be sure to set the Source to the waveform on the display

Wh that you want to measure.

o use cursors, push the CURSOR button.

Amplitude Cursors. Amplitude cursors appear as horizontal lines on the display and measure the vertical parameters. Amplitudes are referenced to the reference level. For the Math FFT function, these cursors measure magnitude.

Time Cursors. Time cursors appear as vertical lines on the display and measure both horizontal and vertical parameters. Times are referenced to the trigger point. For the Math FFT function, these cursors measure frequency.

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

Automatic

Time cursors al waveform crosses the cursor.

The MEASURE Menu can take up to ﬁve automatic measurements. When you take auto you. Because the measurements use the waveform record points, they are more accurate than the graticule or cursor measurements.

Automatic measurements use readouts to show measurement results. These readouts are updated periodically as the oscilloscope acquires new data.

For measurement descriptions, refer to the Reference chapter. (See page 102, Taking Measurements.)

so include a readout of the waveform amplitude at the p oint the

matic measurements, the oscilloscope does all the calculating for

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 35

Understanding Oscilloscope Functions

36 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

This section presents a series of application examples. These simpliﬁed examples highlight the features of the oscilloscope and g ive you ideas for using it to solve your own test problems.

Taking simple measurements

Using Autoset

Using the Measure Menu to take automatic measurements

Measuring

Using Autorange to examine a series of test points

Using an isolated channel to analyze a differential communication signal

Viewing an instantaneous power waveform

Taking cursor measurements

Measuring ring frequency and ring amplitude

Measur

Measuring rise time

Analyzing signal detail

Looking at a noisy signal

Using the average function to separate a signal from noise

Capturing a single-shot signal

imizing the acquisition

Opt

Measuring propagation delay

Triggering on a pulse width

two signals and calculating gain

ing pulse width

Triggering on a video signal

Triggering on video ﬁelds and video lines

Using the window function to see waveform details

Viewing impedance changes in a network using XY mode and persistence

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 37

Application Examples

Taking Simple

Using Autoset

Measurements

You need to see a signal in a circuit, but you do not know the amplitude or frequency of the signal. You want to quickly display the signal and measure the frequency, p

To quickly display a signal, follow these steps:

1. Push the CH 1 MENU button.

eriod, and peak-to-peak amplitude.

2. Push Probe ► Volt age ►Attenuation ► 10X.

3. Set th

4. Connect the channel 1 probe tip to the signal. Connect the reference lead to

5. Push the AUTOSET button.

The oscilloscope sets the vertical, horizontal, and trigger controls automatically. If you want to optimize the display of the waveform, you can manually adjust the

NOTE. The oscilloscope displays relevant automatic measurements in the

waveform area of the screen based on the signal type that is detected.

For oscilloscope-speciﬁc descriptions, refer to the Reference chapter. (See page 93, Autoset.)

eswitchto10X on the P2220 probe.

ircuit reference point.

the c

se controls.

38 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

Taking Automatic

Measurements

The oscillosco

NOTE. If a question mark (?) appears in the Value readout, the signal is outside

the measurement range. Adjust the VOLTS/DIV knob of the appropriate channel to decrease the sensitivity or change the SEC/DIV setting.

To measure signal frequency, period, and peak-to-peak amplitude, rise time, and positive width, follow these steps:

1. Push the MEASURE button to see the Measure Menu.

2. Push the top option button; the Measure 1 Menu appears.

3. Push Ty pe ► Freq.

The Value readout displays the measurement and updates.

4. Push the

5. Push the second option button from the top; the Measure 2 Menu appears.

6. Push Ty pe ► Period.

The Value readout displays the measurement and updates.

pe can take automatic measurements of most displayed signals.

Back option button.

7. Push the Back option button.

8. Push the middle option button; the Measure 3 Menu appears.

9. Push

10. Push the Back option button.

11. Push the second option button from the bottom; the Measure 4 Menu appea rs.

12. Push Type ► Rise Time.

13.P

14. Push the bottom option button; the Measure 5 Menu appears.

15. Push Type ► Pos Width.

16. Push the Back option button.

Type ► Pk-Pk.

The Value readout displays the measurement and updates.

ush the Back option button.

The Value readout displays the measurement and updates.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 39

Application Examples

CH1 Freq

1.000kHz

CH1

Period

1.000ms

CH1

Pk-Pk

5.04V

CH1

Rise Time

2.611µs?

CH1

Pos Width

500.0µs

40 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

Measuring Two Signals

If you are testi

ng a piece of equipment and need to measure the gain of the audio ampliﬁer, you will need an audio generator that can inject a test signal at the ampliﬁer input. Connect two oscilloscope channels to the ampliﬁer input and output as shown next. Measure both signal levels and use the measurements to calculate the gain.

CH1

Pk-Pk

2.04V

CH2

Pk-Pk

206mV

CH1

None

CH1

None

CH1

None

To activate and display the signals connected to channel 1 and to channel 2, and select measurements for the two channels, follow these steps:

1. Push the AUTOSET button.

2. Push the MEASURE button to see the Measure Menu.

3. Push the top option button; the Measure 1 Menu appear

4. Push Source ► CH1.

5. Push Ty pe ► Pk-Pk.

6. Push the Back option button.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 41

Application Examples

7. Push the second

option button from the top; the Measure 2 Menu appears.

8. Push Source ► CH2.

9. Push Ty pe ► Pk-Pk.

10. Push the Back option button.

Read the displayed peak-to-peak amplitudes for both channels.

11. To calculate the ampli ﬁer voltage gain, use these equations:

VoltageGa

VoltageGain (dB) = 20 × log

in = output amplitude/input amplitude

(VoltageGain)

42 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

Using Autoran

ge to Examine a Series of Test Points

If you have a machine that is malfunctioning, you may need to ﬁnd the frequency and RMS voltage of several test points, and compare these values to ideal values. You are not ab when probing test points that are difﬁcult to physically reach.

1. Push the CH 1

2. Push Probe ► Volta g e ► Attenuation and set to match the attenuation

of the prob

3. Push the AUTORANGE button to activate autoranging.

4. Push the MEASURE button to see the Measure Menu.

5. Push the top option button; the Measure 1 Menu appears.

6. Push Source ► CH1.

7. Push Ty pe ► Freq.

8. Push th

9. Push the second option button from the top; the Measure 2 Menu appears.

10. Push Source ► CH1.

le to access front-panel controls since you need to use both hands

MENU button.

e attached to channel 1.

e Back option button.

11. Push Type ► Cyc RMS.

12. Push the Back option button.

13. Attach the probe tip and reference lead to the ﬁrst test point. Read the

frequency and cycle RMS measurements from the oscilloscope display and compare these to the ideal values.

14. Repeat step 13 for each test point, until you ﬁnd the malfunctioning

component.

NOTE. When Autorange is a ctive, each time you move the probe to another test

point, the oscilloscope readjusts the horizontal scale, the vertical scale, and the trigger level, to give you a useful display.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 43

Application Examples

Using an Isola

ted Channel to Analyze a Differential Communication Signal

You are having intermittent problems with a serial data communication link, and you suspect poor signal quality. Set up the oscilloscope to show you a snapshot of the serial da

This is a differential signal. Because the oscilloscope has isolated channels, you can view the

WARNING. Do not ﬂoat the P2220 probe reference lead to > 30 V

P5120 probe (ﬂoatable to 600 V rated, passive, high voltage probe (not the ground referenced P5100 probe), or an appropriately rated, high voltage, differential probe when ﬂoating the reference lead above 30 V

To avoid electric shock when using probes with exposed metal parts, do not connect the reference lead to voltages above 30 V

ta stream so you can verify the signal levels and transition times.

signal with a single probe.

.Usethe

RMS

CAT II or 300 V

RMS

, subject to the ratings of such high voltage probe.

RMS

CAT III) or similarly

RMS

To view the differential signal, follow these steps:

1. Co

nnect the probe tip to one side of the signal.

2. Connect the probe reference lead to the other side of the signal.

3. Push the AUTOSET button.

For a more stable display, push the SINGLE SEQ button to control the acquisition of the waveform. Each time you push the button, the oscilloscope acquires a snapshot of the digital data stream. You can use the cursors or automatic measurements to analyze the waveform, or you can store the waveform to analyze later.

44 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

Viewing a Math

Instantaneous Power Waveform

You can use a voltage probe, a c urrent probe, and the oscilloscope math multiply function to view an instantaneous power waveform.

NOTE. Be sur

using. Do not exceed the probe rating. (See page 3, Probe Connection.)

e to understand the rating of the voltage or current probes you are

To view a math instantaneous power waveform, follow these steps:

1. Connect a voltage probe to channel 1, and a current probe to channel 2.

WAR NI NG . Do not ﬂoat the P2220 probe reference lead to > 30 V

P5120 probe (ﬂoatable to 600 V

CAT II or 300 V

RMS

CAT III) or similarly

RMS

.Usethe

RMS

rated, passive, high voltage probe (not the ground referenced P5100 probe), or an appropriately rated, high voltage, differential probe when ﬂoating the reference lead above 30 V

, subject to the ratings of such high voltage probe.

RMS

To avoid electric shock when using probes with exposed metal parts, do not connect the reference lead to voltages above 30 V

RMS

2. Push the CH 1 MENU button.

3. Push Probe ► Volta g e ► Attenuation and set to match the attenuation

of the voltage probe.

4. Push the CH 2 MENU button.

5. Push Probe ► Current ► Scale and set to match the scale of the current

probe.

6. Push the AUTOSET button.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 45

Application Examples

7. Push MATH MENU ►

8. Push Sources ► CH1 × CH2.

NOTE. The vertical units of the instantaneous power waveform are VA.

9. To obtain a better view of the Math instantaneous power waveform, you can use the following oscilloscope functions:

From the Math menu, push the Position option button and turn the

multipurpose knob to adjust the vertical position

From the Math menu, push the Vertical Scale option button and turn the

multipurpose knob to adjust the vertical scale

Operation ► × (multiply).

Taking Cursor Measurements

You can use the cursors to quickly take time and amplitude measurements on a waveform.

Measuring Ring Frequency

and Amplitude

To measure the ring frequency at the rising edge of a signal, follow these steps:

1. Push the CURSOR button to see the Cursor Menu.

2. Push Ty pe ► Time.

3. Push Source ► CH1.

4. Push the Cursor 1 option button.

5. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor on the ﬁrst peak of the ring.

6. Push the Cursor 2 option button.

7. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor on the second peak of the ring.

Turn the SEC/DIV knob to adjust the horizontal scale

Push the CH 1 MENU and CH 2 MENU buttons to remove the channel

waveforms from the display

46 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

You can see the Δ

(delta) time and frequency (the measured ring frequency)

in the Cursor Menu.

Type

Time

Source

CH1

Δt540.0ns

1/Δt 1.852MHz

ΔV 0.44V

Cursor1

180ns

1.40V

Cursor2

720ns

0.96V

8. Push Ty pe ► Amplitude.

9. Push the Cursor 1 option button.

10. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor on the ﬁrst peak of the ring.

11. Push the Cursor 2 option button.

12. Turn the multipurpose knob to place Cursor 2 on the lowest part of the ring.

Measuring Pulse Width

You can see the amplitude of the ring in the Cursor Menu.

Type

Amplitude

Source

CH1

ΔV 640mV

Cursor 1

1.46V

Cursor 2

820mV

If you are analyzing a pulse waveform and you want to know the width of the pulse, follow these steps:

1. Push the CURSOR button to see the Cursor Menu.

2. Push Ty pe ► Time.

3. Push Source ► CH1.

4. Push the Cursor 1 option button.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 47

Application Examples

5. Turn the multip

urpose knob to place a cursor on the rising edge of the pulse.

6. Push the Cursor 2 option button.

7. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor on the falling edge of the pulse.

You can see the following measurements in the Cursor Menu:

The time at Cursor 1, relative to the trigger.

The time at Cursor 2, relative to the trigger.

The Δ (delta) time, which is the pulse width measurement.

Type

Time

Source

CH1

Δt 500.0µs

1/Δt 2.000kHz

ΔV1.38V

Cursor 1

0.00s

0.98V

Cursor 2

500µs

-1.00V

Measuring Rise Time

NOTE. The Positive Width measurement is available as an automatic measurement

in the Measure Menu. (See page 102, Taking Measurements.)

NOTE. The Positive Width measurement also displays when you select the

Single-Cycle Square option in the AUTOSET Menu. (See page 95, Square Wave or Pulse.)

After measuring the pulse width, you decide that you need to check the rise time of the pulse. Typically, you measure rise time between the 10% and 90% levels of the waveform. To measure the rise time, follow these steps:

1. Turn the SEC/DIV knob to display the rising edge of the waveform.

2. Turn the VOLTS/DIV and VERTICAL POSITION knobs to set the

waveform amplitude to about ﬁve divisions.

3. Push the CH 1 MENU button.

4. Push Vo lts/D i v ► Fine.

5. Turn the VOLTS/DIV knob to set the waveform amplitude to exactly ﬁve

divisions.

48 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

6. Turn the VERTIC

AL POSITION knob to center the waveform; position the

baseline of the waveform 2.5 divisions below the center graticule.

7. Push the CURSO

R button to see the Cursor Menu.

8. Push Ty pe ► Time.

9. Push Source ► CH1.

10. Push the Cursor 1 option button.

11. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor at the point where the waveform

crosses the second graticule line below center screen. This is the 10% level of the waveform.

12. Push the Cursor 2 option button.

13. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor at the point where the waveform

crosses the second graticule line above center screen. This is the 90% level of the waveform.

The Δt readout in the Cursor Menu is the rise time of the waveform.

5 divisions

Type

Time

Source

CH1

Δt 140.0ns

1/Δt 7.143MHz

ΔV 2.08V

Cursor 1

-80.0ns

-1.02V

Cursor 2

60.0ns

1.06V

NOTE. The Rise Time measurement is available as an automatic measurement in

the Measure Menu. (See page 102, Taking Measurements.)

NOTE. The Rise Time measurement also displays when you select the Rising Edge

option in the AUTOSET Menu. (See page 95, Square Wave or Pulse.)

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 49

Application Examples

Analyzing Sig

nal Detail

Looking at a Noisy Signal

You have a noisy signal displayed on the oscilloscope and you need to know more about it. You suspect that the signal contains much more detail than you can now see in the

The signal appears noisy and you suspect that noise is causing problems in your

. To better analyze the noise, follow these steps:

circuit

1. Push the ACQUIRE button to see the Acquire Menu.

display.

2. Push the Peak Detect option button.

3. If necessary, push the DISPLAY button to see the Display Menu. Use the Contrast and the Brightness option buttons with the multipurpose knob to

adjust the display to see the noise more easily.

Peak detect emphasizes noise spikes and glitches in your signal, especially when the time base is set to a slow setting.

50 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

Separating the Signal from

Noise

Now you want to a noise in the oscilloscope display, follow these steps:

1. Push the ACQUIRE button to see the Acquire Menu.

2. Push the Average option button.

3. Push the Averages option button to see the effects of varying the number of

running averages on the waveform display.

Averaging reduces random noise and makes it easier to see detail in a signal. In the example below, a ring s hows on the rising and falling edges of the signal when the noise is removed.

nalyze the signal shape and ignore the noise. To reduce random

Capturing a Single-Shot Signal

The reliability of a reed relay in a piece of equipment has been poor and you need to investigate the problem. You suspect that the relay contacts arc when the relay opens. The fastest that you can open and close the relay is about once per minute, so you need to capture the voltage across the relay as a single-shot acquisition.

To set up for a single-shot acquisition, follow these steps:

1. Turn the vertical VOLTS/DIV and horizontal SEC/DIV knobs to the appropriate ranges for the signal you expect to see.

2. Push the ACQUIRE button to see the Acquire Menu.

3. Push the Peak Detect option button.

4. Push the TRIG MENU button to see the Trigger Menu.

5. Push Slope ► Rising.

6. Turn the TRIGGER LEVEL knob to adjust the trigger level to a voltage

midway between the open and closed voltages of the relay.

7. Push the SINGLE SEQ button to start the acquisition.

When the relay opens, the oscilloscope triggers and captures the event.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 51

Application Examples

Optimizing the Acquisition

The initial acquisition shows the relay contact beginning to open at the trigger point. Thi inductance in the circuit. The inductance can cause contact arcing and premature relay failure.

You can use the vertical, horizontal, and trigger controls to optimize the settings before the next single-shot event is captured. When the next acquisition is captured with the new settings (push the SINGLE SEQ button again), you can see that the contact bounces several times as it opens.

s is followed by a large spike that indicates contact bounce and

52 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Measuring Propagation Delay

You suspect that the memory timing in a microprocessor circuit is marginal. Set up the oscilloscope to measure the propagation delay b etween the chip-select signal and the data output of the memory device.

Application Examples

Type

Time

Source

CH1

Δt 20.00ns

1/Δt50.00MHz

ΔV 0.28V

Cursor 1

50.0ns

-0.20V

Cursor 2

70.0ns

0.08V

To set up to measure propagation delay, follow these steps:

1. Push the AUTOSET button to trigger a stable display.

2. Adjust the horizontal and vertical controls to optimize the display.

3. Push the CURSOR button to see the Cursor Menu.

4. Push Ty pe ► Time.

5. Push Source ► CH1.

6. Push the Cursor 1 option button.

7. Turn the multipurpose knob to place a cursor on the active edge of the

chip-select signal.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 53

Application Examples

8. Push the Cursor

9. Turn the multipurpose knob to place the second cursor on the data output

transition.

The Δt readout in the Cursor Menu is the propagation delay between the waveforms. SEC/DIV setting.

The readout is valid because the two waveforms have the same

Triggering on a Speciﬁc Pulse Width

You are testing the pulse widths o f a signal in a circuit. It is critical that the pulses all be a speciﬁc width, and you need to verify that they are. Edge triggering shows that your signal is as speciﬁed, and the pulse width measurement does not vary from the speciﬁcation. However, you think there might be a p roblem.

2 option button.

To set up a test for pulse width aberrations, follow these steps:

1. Push the AUTOSET button to trigger a stable display.

2. Push the Single Cycle option button in the AUTOSET Menu to view a single

cycle of the signal, and to quickly take a Pulse Width measurement.

3. Push the TRIG MENU button to see the Trigger Menu.

4. Push Ty pe ► Pulse.

5. Push Source ► CH1.

rn the TRIGGER LEVEL knob to set the trigger level near the bottom

6. Tu

of the signal.

sh When ► = (equals).

7. Pu

8. Turn the multipurpose knob to set the pulse width to the value reported by the

ulse Width measurement in step 2.

9. Push More ► Mode ► Normal.

You can achieve a stable display w ith the oscilloscope triggering on normal pulses.

54 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

10. Push the When op pulses that meet the speciﬁed When condition, the oscilloscope triggers.

NOTE. The trigger frequency readout shows the frequency of events that the

oscilloscope might consider to be a trigger, and may be less than the frequency of the input signal in Pulse Width trigger mode.

Triggering on a Video Signal

You are testing the video circuit in a piece of medical equipment and need to

y the video output signal. The video output is an NTSC standard signal. Use

displa the video trigger to obtain a stable display.

tion button to select ≠, <,or>. If there are any aberrant

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 55

Application Examples

Trigger

ingonVideoFields

NOTE. Most v

properly terminate low impedance cabling. To avoid amplitude inaccuracy from improper loading and reﬂections, place a 75 ohm feedthrough terminator (Tektronix part number 011-0055-02 or equivalent) between the 75 ohm coaxial cable from the signal source and the oscilloscope BNC input.

Automat

1. Push the AUTOSET button. When Autoset is complete, the oscilloscope displa

The oscilloscope sets the Standard option when you use the Autoset function.

2. Push the Odd Field or Even Field option buttons from the AUTOSET Menu to sync on odd or even ﬁelds only.

Manual. An alternative method requires more steps, but may be necessary depending on the video signal. To use the manual method, follow these steps:

1. Push the CH 1 MENU button.

2. Pus

3. Push the TRIG MENU button to see the Trigger Menu.

ideo systems use 75 ohm cabling. The oscilloscope inputs do not

ic. To trigger on the video ﬁelds, follow these steps:

ys the video signal with sync on All Fields.

h Coupling ► AC.

4. Push the top option button and select Video.

5. Push Source ► CH1.

6. Push the Sync option button and select All Fields, Odd Field,orEven Field.

7. Push Standard ► NTSC.

8. Turn the h orizontal SEC/DIV knob to see a complete ﬁeld across the screen.

9. Turn the vertical VOLTS/DIV knob to ensure that the entire video signal is

visible on the screen.

56 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

Triggering on V

ideo Lines

Automatic. You

can also look at the video lines in the ﬁeld. To trigger on the

video lines, follow these steps:

1. Push the AUTOS

ET button.

2. Push the top option button to select Line to sync on all lines. (The AUTOSET

Menu includ

es All Lines and Line Number options.)

Manual. An alternative method requires more steps, but may be necessary depending on the video signal. To use this method, follow these steps:

1. Push the TRIG MENU button to see the Trigger Menu.

2. Push the top option button and select Video.

3. Push the S

ync option button and select All Lines or Line Number and turn

the multipurpose knob to set a speciﬁc line number.

4. Push Sta

ndard ► NTSC.

5. Turn the SEC/DIV knob to see a complete video line across the screen.

6. Turn the VOLTS/DIV knob to ensure that the entire video signal is visible

on the screen.

Incoming video signal

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 57

Application Examples

Using t he Window

Function to See Waveform

Details

You c an u s e t h e w waveform without changing the main display.

Ifyouwanttov without changing the main display, follow these steps:

1. Push the HOR Main option.

2. Push the Win

3. Turn the SEC/DIV knob and select 500 ns. This will be the SEC/DIV setting

of the expa

4. Turn the HORIZONTAL POSITION knob to position the window around the porti

indow (zoom) function to examine a speciﬁc portion of a

iew the color burst in the previous waveform in more detail

IZ MENU button to see the Horizontal Menu and select the

dow Zone option button.

nded view.

on of the waveform that you want to expand.

1. Push the Window option button to see the expanded portion of the waveform.

2. Turn the SEC/DIV knob to optimize viewing the expanded waveform.

To switch between the Main and Window views, push the Main or Window option button in the Horizontal Menu.

58 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Application Examples

Viewing Imped

ance Changes in a Network

You have designed a circuit that needs to operate over a wide temperature range. You need to evaluate the change in impedance of the circuit as the ambient temperature

Connect the oscilloscope to monitor the input and output of the circuit and capture the changes that occur as you vary the temperature.

is changed.

To view the input and output of the circuit in an XY display, follow these steps:

1. Push the CH 1 MENU button.

2. Push Probe ► Voltage ►Attenuation ► 10X.

3. Push the CH 2 MENU button.

4. Push Probe ► Volt a g e ► Attenuation ► 10X.

5. Set the switches to 10X on the P2220 probes.

6. Connect the channel 1 probe to the input of the network, and connect the

channel 2 probe to the output.

7. Push the AUTOSET button.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 59

Application Examples

8. Turn the VOLTS/ signals on each channel.

9. Push the DISPL

10. Push Format ► XY.

The oscilloscope displays a Lissajous pattern representing the input and output characteristics of the circuit.

11. Turn the VOLTS/DIV and VERTICAL POSITION knobs to optimize the display.

12. Push Persist ► Inﬁnite.

13. Push the Contrast or the Brightness option buttons and turn the multipurpose

knob to adjust the display.

As you adjust the ambient temperature, the display persistence captures the changes in the characteristics of the circuit.

DIV knobs to display approximately the same amplitude

AY button to see the Display Menu.

60 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Math FFT

This chapter contains detailed information on how to use the Math FFT (Fast Fourier Transform). You can use the FFT Math mode to convert a time-domain (YT) signal into its frequency components (spectrum). You can use the Math FFT mode for the following types of analysis:

Analyze harmonics in power lines

Measure harmonic content and distortion in systems

Characterize noise in DC p ower supplies

Test impulse response of ﬁlters and systems

Analyze vibration

To use the Math FFT mode, you need to perform the following tasks:

Set up the source (time-domain) waveform

Display the FFT spectrum

Select a type of FFT window

Adjust the sample rate to display the fundamental frequency and harmonics without aliasing

Use zoom controls to magnify the spectrum

Use cursors to measure the spectrum

NOTE. For viewing the harmonics of power systems, the harmonics feature

available with the optional TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis application is optimized for power measurements.

SettingUptheTime-DomainWaveform

Before you use FFT mode, you need to set up the time-domain (YT) waveform. To do so, follow these steps:

1. Push AUTOSET to display a YT waveform.

2. Turn the VERTICAL POSITION knob to move the YT waveform to the

center vertically (zero divisions).

This ensures that the FFT will show a true DC value.

3. Turn the HORIZONTAL POSITION knob to position the part of the YT waveform that you want to analyze in the center eight divisions of the screen.

The oscilloscope calculates the FFT spectrum using the ce nte r 2048 points of the time-domain waveform.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 61

Math FFT

4. Turn the VOLTS/ screen. The oscilloscope may display erroneous FFT results (by adding high frequency components) if the entire waveform is not visible.

5. Turn the SEC/DIV knob to provide the resolution you want in the FFT spectrum.

6. If possible, set the oscilloscope to display many signal cycles.

If you turn t FFT spectrum shows a larger frequency range, and reduces the possibility of FFT aliasing. (See page 66, FFT Aliasing.) However, the oscilloscope also displays less frequency resolution.

To set up the FFT display, follow these steps:

1. Push the MATH MENU button to see the Math Menu.

2. Push Ope

3. Select the Source channel for the Math FFT.

In many cases, the oscilloscope can produce a useful FFT spectrum even if the YT waveform is not triggered. This is especially true if your signal is periodic

dom (noisy).

or ran

ration ► FFT.

DIV knob to ensure that the entire waveform remains on the

he SEC/DIV knob to select a faster setting (fewer cycles), the

NOTE. Trigger and position any transient or burst waveforms as closely as

possible to the center of the screen.

62 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Math FFT

Nyquist Frequency

The highest fre without errors is one-half the sample rate. This frequency is called the Nyquist frequency. Frequency information above the Nyquist frequency is undersampled, which causes FFT aliasing. (See page 66, FFT Aliasing.)

The math function transforms the center 2048 points of the time-domain waveform into an FFT spectrum. The resulting FFT spectrum contains 1024 points that go from D C (0 Hz) to the Nyquist frequency.

Normally, the display compresses the FFT spectrum horizontally into 250 points, but you can use the FFT Zoom function to e xpand the FFT spectrum to more clearly see the frequency components at each of the 1024 data points in the FFT spectrum

NOTE. The oscilloscope vertical response rolls off slowly above its bandwidth

(100 MHz or 200 MHz, depending on the model, or 20 MHz when the Bandwidth Limit option is set to ON). Therefore, the FFT spectrum can show valid frequency information higher than the oscilloscope bandwidth. However, the magnitude information near or above the bandwidth will not be accurate.

Displaying the FFT Spectrum

Push the MATH MENU button to display the M ath Menu. Use the options to select the Source channel, Window algorithm, and FFT Zoom factor. You can display only one FFT spectrum at a time.

quency that any real-time digitizing oscilloscope can measure

Math FFT option Settings Comments

Source CH1, CH2, CH31, CH4

Selects the channel used as the FFT source

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 63

Math FFT

Math FFT option Settings Comments

Window Hanning, Flat

FFT Z oom X1, X2, X5, X10

Available only on a 4-channel oscilloscope.

top, Rectangular

Selects the FFT window type; (See page 64, Selecting an FFT Window.)

Changes the horizontal magniﬁcation of the FFT display; (See page 67, Ma

Spectrum.)

gnifying and Positioning an FFT

Fundamental frequency component

1. Freque

2. Vertical scale in dB per division (0 dB = 1 V

3. Horizontal scale in frequency per division.

4. Sample rate in number of samples per second.

5. FFT window type.

Selecting an FFT Window

Windows reduce spectral leakage in the FFT spectrum. The FFT assumes that the YT waveform repeats foreve r. With an integral number of cycles (1, 2, 3, ...), the YT waveform starts and ends at the same amplitude and there are no discontinuities in the signal shape.

A non-integral number of cycles in the YT waveform causes the signal start and end points to be at different amplitudes. The transitions between the start and end

oints cause discontinuities in the signal that introduce high-frequency transients.

ncy at the center graticule line.

RMS

Frequency component

64 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Math FFT

Applyin and stop values are close to each other, reducing the discontinuities.

g a window to the YT waveform changes the waveform so that the start

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 65

Math FFT

FFT Alia

sing

The Math FFT fun

ction includes three FFT Window options. There is a trade-off between frequency resolution and amplitude accuracy with each type of window. What you want to measure and your source signal characteristics will help you to determine which window to use.

Window Measure Characteristics

Hanning

Flattop

Rectangular Pulses or transients

Periodic waveforms Better frequency, poorer magnitude

accuracy than Flattop

Periodic waveforms Better m agnitude, poorer frequency

accuracy than Hanning

Special-purpose window for waveforms that do not have discontinuities. This is essentially the same as no window

Problems occur when the oscilloscope acquires a time-domain waveform containing frequency components that are greater than the Nyquist frequency. (See page 63, Nyquist Frequency.) The frequency components that are above the Nyquis

t frequency are undersampled, appearing as lower frequency components that "fold back" around the Nyquist frequency. These incorrect components are called aliases.

66 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Math FFT

Eliminating Aliases

To eliminate al

Turn the SEC/DIV knob to set the sample rate to a faster setting. Since you increase t aliased frequency components appear at their proper frequency. If too many frequency components are shown on the screen, you can use the FFT Zoom option to magnify the FFT spectrum.

If you do not need to view frequency components above 20 MHz, set the Bandwidth Limit option to On.

Put an external ﬁlter on the source signal to bandwidth limit the source waveform to frequencies below that of the Nyquist frequency.

Recognize and ignore the aliased frequencies.

Use zoom controls and the cursors to magnify and measure the FFT spectrum.

iases, try the following remedies:

he Nyquist frequency as you increase the sample rate, the

Magnifying and Positioning an FFT Spectrum

You can magnify and use cursors to take measurements on the FFT spectrum. The oscilloscope includes an FFT Zoom option to magnify horizontally. To magnify vertically, you can use the vertical controls.

Horizontal Zoom and

Position

Vertical Zoom and Position

The FFT Zoom option lets you horizontally magnify the FFT spectrum without changing the sample rate. Zoom factors are X1 (default), X2, X5, and X10. At zoom factor X1, and with the waveform centered in the graticule, the left graticule line is at 0 Hz and the right graticule line is at the Nyquist frequency.

When you change the zoom factor, the FFT spectrum is magniﬁed about the center graticule line. In other words, the axis of horizontal magniﬁcation is the center graticule line.

Turn the HORIZONTAL POSITION knob clockwise to move the FFT spectrum to the right. Push the SET TO ZERO button to position the center of the spectrum

t the center of the graticule.

The channel vertical knobs become vertical zoom and position controls for their respective channels when displaying the FFT spectrum. The VOLTS/DIV knob provides zoom factors of X0.5, X1 (default), X2, X5, and X10. The FFT spectrum is vertically magniﬁed about the M marker (math waveform reference point on the left edge of the screen).

Turn the VERTICAL POSITION knob clockwise to m ove the spectrum up for the source channel.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 67

Math FFT

Measuring an F

FT Spectrum Using Cursors

You can take two measurements on FFT spectrums: magnitude (in dB), and frequency (in Hz). Magnitude is referenced to 0 dB, where 0 dB equals 1 V

You can use the cursors to take measurements at any zoom factor. To do so, follow these steps:

1. Push the CURSOR button to see the Cursor Menu.

2. Push Source ► Math.

3. Push the Ty pe option button to select Magnitude or Freq.

4. Use the multipurpose knob to move cursors 1 and 2.

Use hori frequency. The options display the delta between the two cursors, the value at cursor 1 position, and the value at cursor 2 position. Delta is the absolute value of cursor 1 minus cursor 2.

zontal cursors to measure magnitude and vertical cursors to measure

RMS

Magnitude cursors Frequency cursors

You can also take a frequency measurement without using the cursors. To do so,

the Horizontal Position knob to position a frequency component on the center

turn graticule line and read the frequency at the top right of the display.

68 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Communications (RS-232 and Centronics)

This chapter describes how to us e the communications functions of the oscilloscope and describes how to do the following tasks:

Send a screen image to an external device (printer or computer)

Set up and test the RS-232 interface

To use the OpenChoice Desktop software to transfer data from the oscilloscope to a PC, refer to the TDSPCS1software user manual.

WAR NI NG . Do not ﬂoat the P2220 probe reference lead to > 30 V

P5120 probe (ﬂoatable to 600 V rated, pa

ssive, high voltage probe (not the ground referenced P5100 probe), or an appropriately rated, high voltage, differential probe when ﬂoating the reference lead above 30 V

, subject to the ratings of such high voltage probe.

RMS

To avoid electric shock when using probes with exposed metal parts, do not connect the reference lead to voltages above 30 V

The oscilloscope power-up banner displays a warning message similar to that shown above. The ﬁrst RS-232 command that the oscilloscope receives will clear this warning message.

Sending a Screen Image to an External Device

The oscilloscope lets you send a screen image to an external device, such as a printer or computer.

CAT II or 300 V

RMS

CAT III) or similarly

RMS

.Usethe

RMS

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 69

Communications (RS-232 and Centronics)

Printer Setup

To set up a print

er, follow these steps:

1. Power on the oscilloscope.

2. Push UTILITY ► Options ► Printer Setup.

3. Push the option buttons to change the settings to match those of your printer.

The next table lists the settings you can change.

Option Settings Comments

Printing

Prints You can set t

Centroni

DPU411, DPU412, DPU3445, Thinkjet, Deskjet, Laser Jet, Bubble J C60, Epson C80, BMP, PCX, TIFF, RLE, EPSIMAGE

cs, RS -232

et, Epson Dot, Epson

to perform other functions. (See page 79, Using the Save function

of the PRIN

Communic connect the oscilloscope to a printer or computer

Type of device connected to the communi

Prints background

Stops sending the screen image to the printer

PRINT Butto

Printer Port

Printer Format

Layout Portrait, Landscape Printer output orientation

Ink Saver On, Off

Abort

Refer to the www.Tektronix.com/printer_setup Web page for a list of compatible printers.

he PRINT button

T Button.)

ations port used to

cations port or ﬁle format

the screen image on a white

ext table lists the ﬁle formats.

The n

File format Extension Comments

BMP BMP

PCX PCX DOS Paintbrush format

RLE RLE

EPSIMAGE EPS Postscript format

The default; this bitmap format uses a lossless

pression algorithm, and is compatible with m o st

com word processing and spreadsheet programs

gged Image File Format

n-length encoding; this format uses a lossless

Ru compression algorithm

NOTE. The oscilloscope stores these settings until you change them, even if you

push the DEFAULT SETUP button.

IfyouusetheRS-232port,youalsoneedtosetuptheparametersfortheport appropriately for your printer.

70 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Communications (RS-232 and Centronics)

Testing the Printer Port

Printing an Oscilloscope

Screen Image

To test the prin

1. If you have already connected the oscilloscope to a printer, go to step 4.

2. Power off the oscilloscope and the printer.

3. Connect the oscilloscope to the printer using the appropriate cable.

4. Power on the oscilloscope and the printer.

5. If you have not done so already, deﬁne an appropriate printer setup. (See

page 70, Printer Setup.)

6. Push the PRINT button. The printer begins printing a copy of the oscilloscope

screen within twenty seconds, depending on the selected printer.

To print a screen image, push the PRINT button. The oscilloscope takes a few seconds to capture the screen image. The settings of your printer and print speed determine how long it takes to print the data. Additional time may be required according to the format selected.

NOTE. You can use the oscilloscope while the printer prints.

ter port, follow these steps:

Setting Up and Testing the RS-232 Interface

ay need to set up and test the RS-232 interface. RS-232 is a n 8-bit serial

You m communications standard that lets the oscilloscope communicate with an external RS-232 device such as a computer, terminal, or printer. The standard deﬁnes two device types: Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and Data Communications Equipment (DCE). The oscilloscope is a DTE device.

The RS-232 Connector Pinout Diagram shows the pin numbers and signal assignments of the 9-pin RS-232 connector. (See page 75, RS-232 Connector Pinout Diagram.)

electing an RS-232 Cable

You need an RS-232 cable to connect the oscilloscope to an external device. Use the next table to choose the correct cable.

To con nect the oscilloscope to Use this type cable

PCs with 9-pin serial port connector 9-pin female to 9-pin

PCs with 25-pin serial port connector 9-pin female to 25-pin

Tektronix part number

012-1379-00

female, null modem

012-1380-00

female, null modem

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 71

Communications (RS-232 and Centronics)

To co nn ect the oscilloscope to Use this type cable

Sun w orkstations, and serial printers, such as an HP Deskjet

Telephone modems

9-pin female to 25-pin male, null modem

9-pin female to 25-pin male, modem

Tektronix part number

012-1298-00

012-1241-00

Connecting an Extern a l

Device

RS-232 Settings

When you con

nect the oscilloscope to an external RS-232 device, follow these

guidelines:

Use the cor

rect cable (refer to the preceding table).

Use a cable that is no longer than 50 feet (15 meters).

Power off the oscilloscope and the external device before you connect the cable between them.

NOTE. Th

is manual contains information on connecting external devices when

making ﬂoating mesaurements. (See page 3, Taking Floating Measurements.)

up the oscilloscope RS-232 interface, follow these steps:

To set

1. Push the UTILITY button to see the Utility Menu.

2. Push Options ► RS232 Setup.

3. Push the o ption buttons to match the settings of your external device. The

next table lists the settings you can change.

E. The oscilloscope stores these settings until you change them, even if you

NOT

push the DEFAULT SETUP button.

Option Settings Comments

Set to Defaults Sets the RS-232 interface to factory defaults

(Baud=9600, Flow=hardﬂagging, EOL String=LF,

arity=None)

Baud 300, 600, 1200,

400, 4800, 9600,

2 19200

Flow Control Hardﬂagging,

Softﬂagging, None

Sets the data transmission rate

Sets data ﬂow control (Softﬂagging = Xon/Xoff, Hardﬂagging = RTS/CTS). Use hardware ﬂagging when you transfer binary data

72 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Communications (RS-232 and Centronics)

Option Settings Comments

EOL String CR, LF, CR/LF,

LF/CR

Parity

None, Even, O

Sets the end-of-line terminator sent by the oscilloscope; the oscilloscope can receive any EOL string

Adds an error character

check bit (ninth bit) to each

NOTE. When you set the Parity option to None, the oscilloscope uses 8 data bits

and1stopb

it. When you set the Parity option to Even or to Odd, the oscilloscope

uses7databitsand1stopbit.

You can use the OpenChoice Desktop software included with the oscilloscope to begin tra

nsferring information from the oscilloscope to your PC. If the software

does not work, then try testing the RS-232 interface.

To test t

he oscilloscope RS-232 interface, follow these steps:

1. Connect the oscilloscope to a personal computer (PC) using an appropriate

RS-232

cable. (See page 71, Selecting an RS-232 Cable.)

2. Power on the PC.

3. On the PC, run a terminal emulator program, such as Microsoft Windows

Hyperterminal. Make sure the PC serial port is set as follows:

Function Setting

Baud rate 9600

Data ﬂow control Hardﬂagging

Parity None

u also need to set up the terminal emulator p rogram to see characters sent.

Yo Enabling echo and CRLF will keep lines from overlapping.

ower on the oscilloscope.

4.P

5. Push the UTILITY button to see the Utility Menu.

6. Push Options ► RS232 Setup.

7. Check that the menu settings match those listed in the preceding table.

8. From your PC terminal program, type ID?, then press the Return or Enter key

to send the command. The oscilloscope sends back its identiﬁcation string, which should look similar to the following:

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 73

Communications (RS-232 and Centronics)

RS-232 Troubleshooting

ID TEK/TPS 2024

,CF:91.1CT,FV:V10.00

NOTE. This manual contains brief information about command entry. (See

page 76, Command Entry.)

For complete command information, refer to the TDS200, TDS1000/2000, TDS1000B/2000B, and TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscopes Programmer Manual.

If the oscilloscope and the external device (computer or printer) have trouble communic

ating, follow these steps:

1. Check that you are using the correct RS-232 cable. Determine whethe r your external

device requires a null-modem or a straight-through connection. (See

page 71, SelectinganRS-232Cable.)

2. Check th

at the RS-232 cable is ﬁrmly connected to both the oscilloscope and

the correct port on the external device.

3. Check t

hat the printer or the program on the personal computer is using the same port to which you connected the RS-232 cable. Try your program or printer again.

4. Check that the oscilloscope RS-232 settings match the settings used by the external device:

a. Determine the RS-232 settings for the external device.

b. Pus

htheUTILITY button to see the Utility Menu.

c. Push ► Options ► RS232 Setup.

d. Set the oscilloscope t o match the settings of the external device.

e. Try the free Open Choice Desktop software again.

f. Try your terminal-emulator program or printer again.

5. Try setting both the oscilloscope and the external device to a slower baud rate.

6. If you receive only part of the printer ﬁle, try these remedies:

a. Lengthen the timeout for the external device.

b. Make sure the printer is set to receive a binary ﬁle, not a text ﬁle.

74 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Communications (RS-232 and Centronics)

Transferring Binary Data

Reporting RS-232 I/O

Errors

Checking Command Status

Processing Break Signals

To use the RS-23 interface as follows:

Use hardware ﬂ guarantees no data loss.

All eight bi that all eight bits are received or transmitted, conﬁgure the external RS-232 device to receive and transmit eight-bit characters (set the RS-232 word length to eight bits).

Errors are reported when there is a problem with parity, framing, or input/output buffer overruns. To report errors, the oscilloscope posts an event code. When an error occurs, the oscilloscope discards all input and output and waits for a new command.

If you want to check the status of each command sent, append an *STB? query after every command and read the response s tring.

When the oscilloscope senses a break signal on the RS-232 port, it returns the three character string DCL followed by the end-of-line terminator. Internally, the oscilloscope acts as if it received a GPIB <DCL> command (device clear), causing the oscilloscope to erase the contents of the input and output buffers and then wait for a new command. Break signals do not change oscilloscope settings or stored

a and do not interrupt front-panel operation or nonprogrammable functions.

dat

2 port to transfer binary data to the oscilloscope, set up the

agging (RTS/CTS) whenever possible. Hardware ﬂagging

ts of binary data contain meaningful information. To make sure

RS-232 Connector Pinout

Diagram

If a break signal is sent in the middle of a character stream, several characters

ediately preceding or following the break can be lost. The controller waits

imm until it receives the three character string DCL and the end of line terminator string before sending more characters.

he next ﬁgure shows the pin numbering and signal assignments for the RS-232

T connector.

TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 75

Communications (RS-232 and Centronics)

Command Entry

When you enter oscilloscope commands over the RS-232 bus, follow these general rules:

You can enter commands in upper or lower case.

You can abbreviate many oscilloscope commands. These abbreviations are shown in uppercase letters. For example, the command ACQuire:NUMAVg can be entered simply as ACQ:NUMAV or acq:numav.

You can precede any command with white space characters. White space characters include any combination of the ASCII control characters 00 through 09 and 0B t

The oscilloscope ignores commands that consist of just a combination of white sp

Refer to the TDS200, TDS1000/2000, TDS1000B/2000B, and TPS2000 Series

l Oscilloscopes Programmer Manual (071-1075-XX) for more information.

Digita

hrough 20 hexadecimal (0 through 9 and 11 through 32 decimal).

acecharactersandlinefeeds.

76 TPS2000 Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual

Tektronix TPS2000 Series User manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual