User Manual
NetTek Analyzer
OTDR Modules
071-0763-00
This document supports software version
1.0--1.XX and above.
www.tektronix.com
Copyright © Tektronix, Inc. All rights reserved.
Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and
pending. Information in this publication supercedes that in all previously
published material. Specifications and price change privileges reserved.
Tektronix, Inc., P.O. Box 500, Beaverton, OR 97077
TEKTRONIX, TEK, NETTEK, TARGET1, and INTELLITRACE PLUS are
registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.
WARRANTY
Tektronix warrants that the products that it manufactures and sells will be free from defects
in materials and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the date of purchase from
an authorized Tektronix distributor. If any such product proves defective during this
warranty period, Tektronix, at its option, either will repair the defective product without
charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective
product. Batteries are excluded from this warranty.
In order to obtain service under this warranty, Customer must notify Tektronix of the
defect before the expiration of the warranty period and make suitable arrangements for the
performance of service. Customer shall be responsible for packaging and shipping the
defective product to the service center designated by Tektronix, shipping charges prepaid,
and with a copy of customer proof of purchase. Tektronix shall pay for the return of the
product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which the
Tektronix service center is located. Customer shall be responsible for paying all shipping
charges, duties, taxes, and any other charges for products returned to any other locations.
This warranty shall not apply to any defect, failure or damage caused by improper use or
improper or inadequate maintenance and care. Tektronix shall not be obligated to furnish
service under this warranty a) to repair damage resulting from attempts by personnel other
than Tektronix representatives to install, repair or service the product; b) to repair damage
resulting from improper use or connection to incompatible equipment; c) to repair any
damage or malfunction caused by the use of non-Tektronix supplies; or d) to service a
product that has been modified or integrated with other products when the effect of such
modification or integration increases the time or difficulty of servicing the product.
THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN BY TEKTRONIX WITH RESPECT TO THE
LISTED PRODUCTS IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS DISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. TEKTRONIX’ RESPONSIBILITY TO REPAIR OR REPLACE
DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS IS THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY
PROVIDED TO THE CUSTOMER FOR BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY.
TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY
INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER TEKTRONIX OR THE VENDOR HAS
ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
Table of Contents
General Safety Summary vii............................
Preface ix............................................
Conventions x........................................
About this Manual xi...................................
Related Documentation xii...............................
Software Version xiii....................................
Contacting Tektronix xiv................................
Getting Started
Getting Started 1--1.....................................
Product Description 1--1..................................
Installing an Instrument Module 1--2........................
Removing an Instrument Module 1--6.......................
Laser Optical Port and Connector Adapter 1--7................
Install the Appropriate Connector Adapter 1--9.............
Remove a Connector Adapter 1--10.......................
Operating Basics
Operating Basics 2--1...................................
Using the Online Help 2--1................................
Elements of the Main Screen 2--3...........................
Main Screen Buttons 2--3..............................
Viewing the Trace and Table 2--5...........................
Changing the Proportions of the Trace and Table Regi ons 2--5.
Setting Trace Display Options 2--5.......................
Zooming 2--6........................................
Sizing the Zoom Box with the Zoom Size... Button 2--8......
Cursors 2--9.........................................
Event Table Columns 2--10..............................
Tutorial 2--13...........................................
Take a Basic Measurement 2--13............................
Analyze the Results 2--14..................................
NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
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Table of Contents
Examine the Trace Data 2--14............................
Find the Length of the Fiber 2--16........................
Examine the Two-point Loss 2--16........................
Examine an Event 2--17................................
Examine the Event Table Data 2--17......................
Setting Up Tests and Limits 2--18...........................
Setting the Test Settings 2--18............................
Limits Tab 2--22......................................
Saving Tests and Settings 2--23.............................
Save Test Tab 2-- 23....................................
Save Settings and Limits Only Tab 2--25...................
Opening Trace or Setting and Limit Files 2--26.................
Opening a Trace File 2-- 26..............................
Opening a Settings and Limits Only File 2--28..............
Determine What Settings Where Used for a Trace 2--29..........
Examine the Test1.SOR & Te st2.SOR Files 2--31.............
Reference
Taking Measurements 3--1...............................
Performing Event Loss Measurements 3--2...................
Event Loss Advanced Controls 3--3......................
Performing Two Point Measurements 3--4....................
Two Point Loss Adva nced Controls 3--5..................
Performing Reflectance Measurements 3--6...................
Reflectance Advanced Controls 3--6.....................
Performing ORL Measurements 3-- 7........................
Compare Two Traces in Dual Trace Mode 3--8................
Performing Bidirectional Averages Measurement 3--9..........
Performing Difference Measurements 3--11....................
Auto Test and Save Dialog Box 3--12........................
Auto Sequence Wavelength Choices Dialog Box 3--14........
Other Features 3--15.....................................
Increasing the Range 3--16.................................
Printing 3--17............................................
Using with a Keyboard 3--18...............................
Join Cursors 3--19........................................
About File Types 3--19....................................
Making Notes on Events, Landmarks, and Fibers 3--20..........
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NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Event / Landmark Notes Dialog Box 3--20.................
Fiber Notes Dialog Box 3--22............................
Adding, Moving, and Deleting, Events or Landmarks 3--24.......
Adding Events 3--24...................................
Moving Events 3--25...................................
Adding Landmarks 3--26................................
Moving Landmarks 3--27...............................
Deleting Events 3--27..................................
Deleting Landmarks 3--28...............................
Deleting All Landmarks 3--28............................
Freezing Events 3--28..................................
Appendices
Appendix A: Specifications A--1...........................
Table of Contents
Appendix B: User-replaceable Parts, Options, and
Appendix C: Maintenance C--1...........................
Cleaning C--1...........................................
Transporting the OTDR C--4...............................
Repackaging for Shipment C--5............................
Glossary
Index
Accessories B--1.....................................
Cleaning the Optical Port C--2...........................
Cleaning the Connector Adapt er C--2.....................
Cleaning the Test Fiber Connector C--3...................
Cleaning the Exterior of the Module C--3..................
NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
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Table of Contents
Figures
Figure 1--1: Removing the bus door 1--3....................
Figure 1--2: Install instrument module 1--4.................
Figure 1--3: Laser optical connector 1--8...................
Figure 1--4: Connector adapter installation 1--9.............
Figure 2 --1: Main screen 2-- 3.............................
Figure 2--2: Zoomed out trace 2--6........................
Figure 2--3: Zoomed in trace, with overview box showing whole
trace 2--7...........................................
Figure 2--4: Event Table Only view 2--10....................
Figure 2 --5: Sample file Test1.SOR illustrates that different types
of events can look similar 2--32.........................
Figure 2--6: Compare the amounts of loss and reflectance in each
of the events in the sample file Test1.SOR 2--33............
Figure 2--7: Event 2 is an FC regular connector 2--34..........
Figure 2--8: Event 3 is a fusion splice 2--35...................
Figure 2--9: Event 4 is a mechanical splice 2--36..............
Figure 2--10: Event 5 is a bend 2--37........................
Figure 2 --11: Event 6 is a fusion splice 2--38..................
Figure 2--12: Event 7 is the end of the fiber 2--39.............
Figure 2--13: Sample file test2.SOR shows a worn angle-polished
connector (Event 5) and several fusion splices 2 --40........
Figure 3--1: Event Loss for Event 2 3--2....................
Figure 3--2: Bidirectional Averages traces 3--9...............
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NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Tables
Table i: NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules ix..............
Table 2--1: Help window buttons 2--2......................
Table 2-- 2: Main screen buttons 2--4.......................
Table 2--3: Event Table column definitions 2--11.............
Table 2--4: Event Table symbols and highlights 2--12..........
Table 2--5: Choosing the Test Mode 2--21...................
Table A--1: NetTek Analyzer OTDR Module
Table of Contents
characteristics A--1..................................
Table A--2: General characteristics A--2....................
Table A--3: Transportation and storage A--4................
Table A--4: Environmental characteristics A--5..............
Table A--5: Physical characteristics A--7...................
Table A--6: Miscellaneous characteristics A--7...............
Table A--7: Certifications and compliances A--8.............
Table A--8: Safety compliance A--9........................
Table B-- 1: User-replaceable parts B--1....................
Table B--2: Connector Options B--1.......................
Table B--3: Optional accessories B--2......................
Table B--4: Standard accessories B--2......................
NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
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Table of Contents
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NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
General Safety Summary
Review the following safety precautions to avoid injury and prevent
damage to this product or any products connected to it. To avoid
potential hazards, use this product only as specified.
Only qualified personnel should perform service procedures.
While using this product, you may need to access other parts of the
system. Read the General Safety Summary in other system manuals
for warnings and cautions related to operating the system.
To Avoid Fire or Personal Injury
Observe All Terminal Ratings. To avoid fire or shock hazard, observe all
ratings and markings on the product. Consult the product manual for
further ratings information before making connections to the product.
The common terminal is at ground potential. Do not connect the
common terminal to elevated voltages.
Do Not Operate Without Covers. Do not operate this product with
covers or panels removed.
Avoid Exposed Circuitry. Do not touch exposed connections and
components when power is present.
Wear Eye Protection. Wear eye protection if exposure to high-intensity
rays or laser radiation exists.
Do Not Operate With Suspected Failures. If you suspect there is damage
to this product, have it inspected by qualified service personnel.
Do Not Operate in Wet/Damp Conditions.
Do Not Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere.
Keep Product Surfaces Clean and Dry.
Provide Proper Ventilation.
instructions for details on installing the product so it has proper
ventilation.
Refer to the manual’s installation
Safety Terms and Symbols
Terms in This Manual. These terms may appear in this manual:
NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
vii
General Safety Summary
WARNING. Warning statements identify conditions or practices that
could result in injury or loss of life.
CAUTION. Caution statements identify conditions or practices that
could result in damage to this product or other property.
Terms on the Product. These terms may appear on the product:
DANGER indicates an injury hazard immediately accessible as you
read the marking.
WARNING indicates an injury hazard not immediately accessible as
you read the marking.
CAUTION indicates a hazard to property including the product.
Symbols on the Product. These symbols may appear on the product:
CAUTION
Refer to Manual
Static Sensitive
Double
Insulated
Protective Ground
(Earth) Terminal
Laser Aperture
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NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Preface
This manual contains operating instructions for several Tektronix
NetTek Analyzer OTDR modules. See Table i.
Table i: NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules
Module Fiber type Range Wavelengths
YSS1310 Singlemode Standard
YSS1315 Singlemode Standard
YSL1315 Singlemode Long
YSL1625 Singlemode Long
YSL1516 Singlemode Long
YSU1315 Singlemode Ultra long
YSU1625 Singlemode Ultra long
1310 nm
1310 nm / 1550 nm
1310 nm / 1550 nm
1625 nm
1550 nm / 1625 nm
1310 nm / 1550 nm
1625 nm
NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
ix
Preface
Related Products
The Y350C and Y350M NetTek Analyzer Platform supports t he
NetTek Series of OTDR and base station instrument module test
tools that you can add or remove from the analyzer platform.
The NetTek analyzer platform accepts up to four modules at once,
plus a PCMCIA module. You can mix and match modules to suit
your needs. The platform is a full capability hand-held PC, running
Windows CE.
Conventions
This book uses the following convention to represent menus:
To open the help window and find information on a specific topic,
you would be instructed to select Start > Help. To accomplish this,
tap Start in the toolbar at the bottom of the desktop window; then
tap Help in the resulting WindowsCE menu.
Words in italics, such as event loss, indicate a glossary term.
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NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
About this Manual
Refer to this documentation for information such as the following:
H Module installation instructions
H Location of the laser on the OTDR
H Overview of screen features
H Tutorial for basic measurement and analysis tasks
H Measurement descriptions
H OTDR specifications, options and accessaries, and user
maintenance information
H OTDR terminology
Preface
NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
xi
Preface
Related Documentation
For general help and content sensitive help for the OTDR, refer to
the OTDR online help.
H NetTek Analyzer OTDR Online Help
(In the OTDR application, select Help > Help Topics... or tap the
? button in a dialog box.)
The OTDR module attaches to and runs on the Y350C or Y350M
NetTek Analyzer platforms. For plat form information, refer to the
following resources:
H Y350C and Y350M NetTek Analyzer Platform User Manual
H Y350C and Y350M NetTek Analyzer Platform Online Help
(Select Start > Help or tap the ? button in a dialog box.)
H Windows CE Operating System Online Help
(Select Start > Help or tap the ? button in a dialog box.)
Refer to the platform resources listed above for information about
the following topics:
H Battery and AC power, Battery care
H Platform power on and functional check
H Touch-screen calibration
H Platform operating instructions and menu descriptions
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NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
H Memory resources, floppy disk storage, PCMCIA interface
H Remote PC connection
H Instructions for upgrading platform software and changing the
language
H Platform technical specifications
H Platform accessories, maintenance, diagnostics
Software Version
This manual supports firmware version 1.0--1.XX and above of the
NetTek Analyzer OTDR.
To verify your software and firmware versions, do the following:
Preface
1. Open the OTDR application.
2. Select Help > About OTDR....
NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
xiii
Preface
Contacting Tektronix
Phone 1-800-833-9200*
Address Tektronix, Inc.
Department or name (if known)
14200 SW Karl Braun Drive
P.O. Box 500
Beaverton, OR 97077
USA
Web site www.tektronix.com
Sales support
Service
support
Technical
support
* This phone number is toll free in North America. After office
hours, please leave a voice mail message. Outside North
America, contact a Tektronix sales office or distributor; see the
Tektronix web site for a list of offices.
1-800-833-9200, select option 1*
1-800-833-9200, select option 2*
Email: techsupport@tektronix.com
1-800-833-9200, select option 3*
1-503-627-2400
6:00 a.m. -- 5:00 p.m. Pacific time
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NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Getting Started
Getting Started
Before using the NetTek Analyzer Platform for the first time, refer to
the platform user manual for information on getting started,
including the following:
H Battery and power source information. (You must charge the
batteries before you can operate the NetTek Analyzer Platform
from internal battery power.)
H Calibrating the touch screen.
H Installing the tilt stand, shoulder strap, or strand hook.
Product Description
An optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) measures and locates
fiber characteristics by transmitting light pulses into a fiber and
measuring the elapsed time and the amplitude of the received
reflection. The OTDR measures the distance to an event by
measuring the amount of time required to receive the reflection.
With this OTDR, you can:
H Document and verify installations of new fibers in a network.
H Locate faults in the fiber.
H Check bandwidth upgrade capability by measuring the return loss
and end-to-end loss in the network.
H Perform general preventive maintenance.
NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
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Getting Started
The NetTek Analyzer OTDR, with its easy-to-use interface, gives
you good results with minimal training. The IntelliTrace Plus test
mode automatically optimizes test parameters so you don’thaveto.
It gives you the best resolution on every section of the fiber while
maximizing dynamic range. The NetTek Analyzer OTDR provides
an IntelliTrace Plus multi-pulsewidth, single-result auto test function
to significantly reduce dead zone effects on your tests. You can see
close events, including the first connector, at the same time you see
events 200 km away. Advance d wave-shape analysis software finds
more events than other OTDRs can locate. All these features
combine to give you more informati on on your cables, with precise
accuracy.
Installing an Instrument Module
Use the following procedure to install an instrument module onto the
rear of the NetTek Analyzer Platform or to attach one module onto
another. Refer to Figure 1--2 throughout this procedure.
CAUTION. The platform and modules contain static sensitive devices.
Do not touch the connector pins.
1. Power off the NetTek Analyzer Platform: select Start >
Shutdown.
2. Disconnect all cables to the NetTek Analyzer Platform and
instrument modules.
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NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Getting Started
3. Place the NetTek Analyzer face down on a flat surface. Support
the analyzer by its four corner bumpers only.
4. Remove the bus door from the rear of the NetTek Analyzer
Platform or instrument module. See Figure 1--1 or 1--2.
Bus door
Bus connector
NetTek Analyzer Platform
Figure 1- 1: Removing the bus door
5. Carefully lower an Instrument module onto the NetTek Analyzer
Platform or previously installed module to engage the bus
connector. See Figure 1--2.
NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
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Getting Started
6. Press down firmly to seat the connector and ensure electrical
contact.
7. Locate the four thumb screws. See Figure 1--2.
Bus door
Thumb screw (4)
Instrument module
Bus connector
Figure 1- 2: Install instrument module
NetTek Analyzer
Platform
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NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Getting Started
8. For each thumb screw, push down on the head and turn i t in a
counter-clockwise direction to extend the length.
9. Tighten the screws by turning them in a clockwise direction. Use
the coin slot in the top of the thumb screw if you require
additional torque. Be sure to tighten all screws evenly.
10. To recess the thumb screw heads, push and turn each screw head
in a clockwise direction.
11. To maintain the enclosure seal integrity, reinstall the bus door
into the rear of the instrument module.
NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
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Getting Started
Removing an Instrument Module
Use the following procedure to remove an instrument module from
the rear of the NetTek Analyzer Platform or to detach one module
from another. Refer to Figure 1--2 throughout this procedure.
CAUTION. The platform and modules contain static sensitive devices.
Do not touch the connector pins.
1. Power off the NetTek Analyzer Platform: select Start >
Shutdown.
2. Disconnect all cables from the NetTek Analyzer Platform and
instrument modules.
3. Place the NetTek Analyzer face down on a flat, uncluttered
surface. Support the analyzer by its four corner bumpers only.
4. To release the thumb-screw heads, push and turn each screw head
in a counter-clockwise direction.
5. Disengage all four screws by turning them in a counter-clockwise
direction. A tool or coin may be required if the screws are tight.
6. Pull up on the instrument module to remove it.
7. To maintain enclosure seal integrity, reinstall the bus door into
the NetTek Analyzer Platform or instrument module.
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NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Laser Optical Port and Connector Adapter
WARNING. The light emitted by the laser source is invisible to the
human eye. Do not stare directly into the laser source. Doing so
while the laser is on can damage your eye.
Do not stare at the free end of a t est fiber (the end not connected to
the instrument). If possible, direct the free end toward a non-reflective surface.
CAUTION. Do not touch the exposed end of the laser output port with
anything but the proper cleaning materials. To maintain the
performance of fiber optic connectors, clean them every time you use
them. Refer to Cleaning beginning on page C--1.
Getting Started
To protect against dust and damage, cover the optical port when not
in use.
The OTDR tests optical fibers by emitting short pulses of laser light.
Figure 1--3 shows the location of the OTDR optical port. The optical
port snaps out to a 45% angle. To return the optical port to the closed
position, lift the release lever.
NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
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Getting Started
Optical port cover
Lift the release lever to stow
the optical connector.
Release lever Optical port
Release lever
Figure 1- 3: Laser optical connector
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NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Getting Started
Install the Appropriate Connector Adapter
CAUTION. To avoid damage to the instrument, never connect a bare
fiber adapter directly to the instrument.
The connector adapter attaches the fiber to the laser optical port.
Connector adapters are packaged separately with new instruments,
and must be installed on the laser optical port before use.
The connector adapter on the OTDR must match the connector on
the test fiber. See page B--1 for a list of connector adapter options.
Connector adapters are keyed for proper mating with the laser output
port.
To install a connector adapter, align the keyed el ements, slide the
connector adapter onto the laser output port, and turn clockwise until
the connector adapter is finger tight (see Figure 1--4).
Connector adapterOptical port
Align the keys
Figure 1- 4: Connector adapter installation
NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
1- 9
Getting Started
Remove a Connector Adapter
To remove a connector adapter, unscrew it counterclockwise and pull
it straight off the port. Refer to Figure 1--4 on page 1--9.
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NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Operating Basics
Operating Basics
Read this section to understand the online help system and the main
screen features.
Using the Online Help
Refer to the online help for information on operating the NetTek
Analyzer and the OTDR. You will find both general help topics and
context-sensitive help topics.
There are several ways to access online help:
H For platform information, select Windows CE Start > Help.
H For OTDR help, select Windows CE Start > Help > OTDR.
H For OTDR help when the OTDR program is open, you can also
select Help from the upper right corner of the screen.
H For context-sensitive OTDR help when the OTDR program is
open, select the ? button in any dialog box.
To read a long hel p topic without ha ving to scroll, select the
button to increase the size of the help window to full screen size.
To access related help topics, tap blue, underlined text.
If the Input Panel covers the help window, tap the
bottom of the screen to close the Input Panel. Tap the button again to
open the Input Panel.
button at the
NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
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Operating Basics
Table 2- 1: Help window buttons
Tap this button To
All Topics Display the NetTek Analyzer main table of contents.
Back Return to the previous help screen.
Contents Display the current program or local table of
contents.
Display full-screen help text.
Display the help text in its own window. Tap and drag
the Help window title bar to move the window.
Minimize the Help window. To maximize the window,
tap the Help icon in the taskbar.
Close the Help window and quit help.
Scroll the text towards the bottom of the screen.
Scroll the text towards the top of the screen.
Open and close the soft keypad Input Panel. The
button is located in the lower right hand corner of the
touch screen. (Tap this button to uncover the Help.)
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NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Elements of the Main Screen
The features you need most often are available on the main screen.
Main Screen Buttons
The main screen buttons represent the tasks that you need to perform
most often. Many of these buttons duplicate operations that are
available in the main menus. Refer to Figure 2--1 for the layout of
the main screen; Table 2--2 lists the function of each button.
Operating Basics
Figure 2- 1: Main screen
NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
2- 3
Operating Basics
Table 2- 2: Main screen buttons
Change the display proportions. See Changing the Proportions of
the Trace and Table Regions on page 2--5.
Toggle the active cursor. (Cursor A is active in this picture.)
Move the active cursor left or right along the trace in large
increments.
Move the active cursor left or right along the trace in small
increments.
Jump the active cursor one event to the left or right.
Control zooming. See Zooming on page 2--6.
Save changes to the file. See Saving Tests and Settings on
page 2--23.
Open a dialog box, allowing you to automate taking and saving
numerous, similar tests. See Auto Test and Save Dialog Box on
page 3--12.
Start an acquisition.
Open a dialog box, allowing you to set up measurement
thresholds and to flag out of limit data. See Setting Up Tests and
Limits on page 2--18.
Open and close the soft keypad Input Panel, allowing you to enter
alphanumeric characters with the touch screen. (This button is
located in the lower right corner of the touch screen.)
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NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Viewing the Trace and Table
There are several ways that you can change the appearance of the
main screen to best see your data.
Changing the Proportions of the Trace and Table Regions
You can change the proportions of the trace and table regions using
Operating Basics
the icons in the upper right corner of the screen:
You can also use the View menu:
H Select View > Maximize Trace to show the trace and only one
row of event table data.
H Select View > Split Trace and Table to show the trace and three
rows of event table data.
H Select View > Event T able Only to hide the trac e and show only
the event table.
Setting Trace Displ ay Options
Select View > Trace Display Options.
In this dialog box, you can change the appearance of the trace region
of the main screen.
H Select or clear Event Markers to show or hide the
H Select or clear Delta Readouts to show or hide the readouts that
appear along the top of the trace region.
.
markings.
H Select or clear Grid to show or hide grid lines on the trace region.
NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
2- 5
Operating Basics
Zooming
Whenever the trace is visible, as in Figure 2-- 2, you can zoom in to
take a closer look at an area of interest. The zoom box, which is pink
on color screens, shows the area of the trace that will be zoomed in
on. The zoom box will follow the active cursor.
Zoom box
2- 6
Figure 2- 2: Zoomed out trace
When you zoom in, the upper right corner of the screen displays an
overview window showing the whole trace. As shown in Figure 2-- 3,
the zoom box in the overview window indicates the part of the trace
that you zoomed in on.
NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Operating Basics
To zoom:
1. Move a cursor to the point of i nterest on the trace.
2. Drag the corners of the zoom box to adjust its size and shape.
3. Tap Zoom In.
4. Tap Zoom Out when you want to look at the whole trace again.
Zoom boxOverview box
Figure 2- 3: Zoomed in trace, with overview box showing whole trace
NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
2- 7
Operating Basics
Sizing the Zoom Box with the Zoom Size... Button
Change the size of the zoom box to control the amount that you
magnify the view of the trace or to change the scale of the axes
independently.
To change the size of t he pink zoom box, tap Zoom Size, and then
use the arrow buttons:
increases the height of the pink zoom box.
decreases the height of the pink zoom box.
increases the width of the pink zoom box.
decreases the width of the pink zoom box.
To better see the power loss or reflectance of an event, change the
vertical scale by tapping Zoom Size and the n tapping the
several times.
arrow
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NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Cursors
Operating Basics
There are two cursors. Tap the
cursor. The active cursor appears in the center of the pink zoom box.
There are several ways to move the cursors:
H Touch and drag either cursor to move it along the trace.
H Tap the
the left or to the right.
H Use the
along the trace in large increments.
H Use the
along the trace in small increments.
H Tap the event marker,
H Tap the event row,
H Double-tap a location in the trace area.
buttons to jump the active cursor one event to
buttons to move the active cursor left or right
buttons to move the active cursor left or right
,inthetracearea.
, in the event table.
buttons to toggle the active
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Operating Basics
Event Table Colum ns
In Split Trace and Event Table view, you can see six columns of data
in the event table. In Event Table Only view, you can also see
Loss ∆, Dist. ∆, and Event Notes (if you scroll to the right). For
landmarks, data will only appear in the Event#, Dist., and Notes
columns.
Figure 2--4 below shows data in the Event Table Only view. Refer to
Tables 2--3 on page 2-- 11 for descriptions of the data in each event
table column and and Table 2--4 on page 2--12 for the meanings of
marks, symbols, and highlights that appear in the event table.
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Figure 2- 4: Event Table Only view
NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Operating Basics
Table 2- 3: Event Table column definitions
Tap this button To
Event# Event numbers correspond to event markers or landmarks
in the trace area.
Dist. Distance represents the distance from the front panel to
the event or landmark.
Loss Loss lists the loss of optical pow er at an event due to
scattering, absorption, and bending.
Reflectance Reflectance lists the ratio of reflected optical power to
incident optical power for reflective events.
Cuml. Loss Cumulative Loss lists the total loss from the front panel up
to and including this event.
Slope Slope lists the attenuation of the fiber between an event
and the preceding event.
Loss ∆ Loss Delta lists the loss between an event and the
preceding event.
Distance ∆ Distance Delta lists the distance between an event and the
preceding event.
Event Notes Event Notes displays the Comments field of the Event /
Landmark Notes dialog box.
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Operating Basics
Table 2- 4: Event Table symbols and highlights
Mark Definition
e An “e” appears next to an echo event.
g A “g” appears next to a grouped event.
* An asterisk (*) appears next to any manually adjusted
L An “L” appears next to landmarks that you have manually
End “End” marks the event at the end of the fiber.
Out of Range Occasionally, on very long fibers, the OTDR cannot detect
values in the table.
added to the table.
the end of the fiber because the resolution is insufficient.
The phrase “Out of Range” will appear in the last row of
the event table. If this happens, increase the range.
Y ellow Rows The active event data displays in yellow (or light shading
on monochrome screens).
Red Cells Any data that surpasses the thresholds you set on the
Limits Tab is flagged in red (or dark shading on
monochrome screens).
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Tutorial
In this tutorial you will learn to take a basic measurement and to
analyze the results. Italicized terms are defined in the glossary.
T ake a Basic Measurement
CAUTION. To maintain the performance of fiber optic connectors,
clean them every time you use them. Refer to Cleaning beginning on
page C--1.
1. Clean the instrument connector and the fiber connector.
CAUTION. To avoid damage to the instrument, never connect a bare
fiber adapter directly to the instrument.
2. Connect the fiber.
3. Select the Settings button.
4. For Test Mode, select IntelliTrace Plus.
5. Select a wavelength that is appropriate for your system.
6. Enter an event loss threshold that is appropriate for your system.
7. Select OK.
8. Select the OTDR Run button.
9. The message “Acquiring...” appears as the OTDR collects data.
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Tutorial
Analyze the Results
In this section you will learn to understand trace data, find the length
of the fiber, and examine two point loss.
Examine the Trace Data
Look at events in the trace region and in the event table.
Beginning
of fiber
Event End of fiberTrace
2- 14
See Changing the Proportions of the Trace and Table Regions on
page 2-- 5 for information on making either the trace or table area
larger.
NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Tutorial
The trace is the line that visually represents the fiber. It typically
slopes gently from the upper left of the trace region down to the
lower right. From the shape and length of the trace, you can see the
characteristics and length of the fiber. Sudden variations in the trace
are marked as events.
An event is an irregularity along the fiber such as a connector or a
bend. Each event is marked with a numbered square at the
appropriate distance along the horizontal axis of the trace region,
representing its distance along the fiber. Each numbered square event
marker correlates to a numbered row of data in the event table. The
event table lists the distance, loss, reflectance, cumulative loss, and
slope for each event on the fiber.
The OTDR displays an event when the event loss (a drop in the
power) or reflectance (an increase in the power) is greater than the
Event Loss or Reflectance thresholds that you set. (See page 2--18
for information about setting thresholds.)
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Tutorial
Find the Length of the Fiber
The last event usually marks the end of the fiber; the distance of the
end event is the length of the fiber.
In the event table, look at the distance of the event marked “End.”
Alternatively, in the trace region, look at the event where the trace
drops abruptly and is followed by noise.
Occasionally the OTDR may indicate that the end of the fiber is out
of range. If this occurs, refer to Increasing the Range on page 3--16.
Examine the Two-point Loss
Look at the loss between two points on the trace:
Be sure both cursors are on backscatter regions of the trace.
1. Zoom in on the area of the trace. (Refer to Zooming on
page 2--6.)
2. Select Measurements > Two Point....
3. Drag a cursor or use the cursor buttons to place a cursor on
backscatter to the left of an area of interest on the trace.
4. Use the
5. Place the second cursor on backscatter to the right of the area of
interest on the trace.
6. Look at the top line of the trace region for the readouts of
distance, two point loss, and slope between the two cursors.
cursor buttons to toggle the active cursor.
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Tutorial
Examine an Event
Select an event to make it active. The active event will be highlighted in the event table and in the trace region so you can compare
the event data to the visual representation of that event.
To select an event, do one of the foll owing:
H Taparowintheeventtable.
H Tap the event marker in the trace regi on.
H Move a cursor to the event marker in the trace region.
Examine the Event Table Data
Select View > Event T able Only to hide the trac e a nd show only the
event table. Examine the data in the event table. Take note of any
data highlighted in red (black on monochrome screens) or event
numbers marked with an “e”, “g”,or“*”.
Refer to Event Table Columns on page 2--10 for more informati on
about the table data and the meanings of symbols and highlighting.
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Tutorial
Setting Up Tests and Limits
You can set the following:
H Test settings that will affect your measurements.
H Limits that will cause out of limit data to be flagged in the event
table or in the link loss readout.
From either tab of the Test Settings and Limits dialog box, you can
save your settings using the Save Settings button, or you can ope n
previously saved settings using the Open Settings button.
Tap the Factory Default button to return settings to default settings.
Setting the T est Settings
Select the Settings button, or select Settings > Test Setting and
Limits > Test Setti ngs tab.
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Tutorial
You can set a number of parameters which will effect how test data
is collected.
H Test Mode. You can set the test mode from the main screen drop
down menu or the from the Test Settings tab. However, to
specially optimize IntelliTrace Plus mode for Fastest or Find
Most Events, you must use the Test Settings tab.
Refer to Table 2--5 for information about each test mode.
H Pulsewidth. The duration in time (ns) that the laser pulses the
fiber. Longer pulse widths provide greater range; shorter pulse
widths provide shorter loss dead zones between events.
H Range. From the drop-down box, select the shortest length that is
greater than the length of the fiber you will test.
H Test Time. Longer test times will give you more averaging which
reduces noise and increases the usable range.
H Wavelength. Select the wavelength of light with which to test.
H Refractive Index. Enter the refractive index specifica tion of the
fiber.
H Cabling Factor. Enter the percent of extra fiber compared to the
sheath measurements. (The OTDR measures the length of the
fiber, which, because it twists, is longer than the length of the
sheath.)
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Tutorial
H Backscatter Coefficient. Enter the backscatter coefficient
specification of the fiber. (This affects only reflectance
measurements.)
H Power On Settings. Set your preference for the default Power On
Settings. This will determine the test settings and limits the next
time you power on the OTDR.
H Zero Reference. Enter the Zero Referenc e (t he l ength of optical
fiber between the OTDR and the link you are testing).
H Event Loss and Reflectance Thresholds. Enter the Event Loss
Threshold and the Reflectance Threshold for displaying events. If
the trace shows a loss of more than the Eve nt Loss number, or a
reflectance more than the Reflectance number, the OTDR will
display an event. (All possible events are determined; these
thresholds control which of those events are displayed.)
H Front Panel Loss Warning. Set the Front Panel Loss Warning to
On or Off. If you select Off, you will not be warned before each
acquisition if there is a problem with the front panel connection.
H Distance Units. Select the unit of your choice for the Distance
Units.
H End Detection. Enter the signal level threshold for End
Detection. When the signal drops at a single point below this
threshold, the OTDR will indicate the end of the fiber.
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Tutorial
Table 2- 5: Choosing the Test Mode
Test Mode Purpose
IntelliTrace Plus To automate a measurement; the OTDR picks the
best settings. You can optimize IntelliTrace Plus
for different needs. In the IntelliTrace Plus
Configuration field, choose from:
Fastest
1
For the shortest test time but not the best
resolution
Find More Events
1
To find events and fiber length most accurately but not quickly
Standard
1
For fairly good resolution and a reasonably
quick test
Manual
To control your own test settings. You must set
Pulse Width, Range, and Test Time.
End of Fiber To quickly measure the length of the fiber.
Real Time To look at a signal that changes with time. In real
time acquisition, there is no averaging. For
example, you can see changes in the trace as you
manipulate the fiber or as you adjust a connection.
To stop acquisition, select the Stop button.
1
These optimizations are only available from the Test Settings tab.
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Tutorial
Limits Tab
Select Settings > Test Setting and Limits > Limits tab.
Select all data types for which you want to set limits, and then enter
limits for all types you selected. Any data that is out of these limits
will be highlighted in the event table or in the Link Loss display and
a message will appear in the Status bar.
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Saving Tests and Settings
You can save tests with test settings, or you can save test settings and
limits alone.
Save Test Tab
Select File > Save As > Save Test tab.
When you save a test, the following information is saved to a file:
the trace, event table, test measurements, events, event notes,
landmarks, landmark notes, fiber notes, test settings and limits,
cursor positions, cursor selection, and zoom box size.
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Tutorial
In the Save As dialog box, proceed as follows:
1. In the Save in field, select the location where you want the file
saved. Use the folder icons to navigate to a higher level of folder
or to create a new folder. The list box below the field displays the
names of existing files in the selected folder.
NOTE. Save files in \BuiltInDisk, on a floppy, or on a PC card. Files
saved anywhere else will be lost when you power off the NetTek
Analyzer.
2. Enter a filename in the Filename field.
3. In the Save as Type drop down box, select the fil e t ype:
H SOR Format (Telcordia format)
H CFF Format (Tektronix format).
In most cases, you will use the Telcordia defined SOR Format
(the default). For exceptions, refer to About File Types on
page 3--19.
4. In the Fiber ID field, you can enter up to 40 characters identify-
ing the fiber.
5. If you want the file name to automatically increment, select
Auto-increment. When this is selected, the last three characters
of the file name will be incremented by one for each acquisition
of a trace.
6. If you want to add or edit notes about the fiber, select the Fiber
Notes... button.
7. Tap the Save button.
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Tutorial
Save Settings and Limits Only Tab
Select File > Save As > Save Settings and Limits Only tab.
You can save frequently used test settings and limits to a file that you
can reuse.
NOTE. Save files in \BuiltInDisk, on a floppy, or on a PC card. Files
saved anywhere else will be lost when you power-off the NetTek
Analyzer.
Test data is not saved from this tab; use the Save Test tab instead.
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Tutorial
1. In the Save in field, select the location where you want the file
saved. Use the folder icons to navigate to a higher level of folder
or to create a new folder. The list box below the Save In field
displays the names of existing files in the selected folder.
2. In the Filename field, enter a filename. The file extension .set
indicates that this file contains only settings and limits data (no
test data).
All the test settings and limits from the Test Settings and Limits
dialog box are saved to your file.
Opening Trace or Setting and Limit Files
Select File > Open.
You can open files from floppy disk, internal memory, or a storage
card. You can open a trace file (.SOR or .CFF) or a settings and
limits file (.SET).
Opening a Trace File
Select File > Open > Trace tab.
From this tab, you can open .SOR or .CFF files containing settings,
limits, and trace data.
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Tutorial
From the Look in: box, select the floppy disk, internal memory, or
the storage card. The contents of the folder will appear in the box
below. Tap a folder to open it. If you want to back up to a higher
level of folder, use the folder icon. Tap the file nam e you want to
open.
Use the Files of Type drop down box to limit the files displayed to
.SOR or .CFF. The fields on the right side of the dialog box gi ve you
a preview of information related to the highlighted file. Tap Open to
open the highlighted file name.
Select Replace current test settings and limits to make the test
settings and limits of the saved trace file the default ones used when
you acquire the next trace.
Select Display two traces to turn on Dual Trace mode.
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Tutorial
Opening a Settings and Limits Only File
Select File > Open > Settings and Limits Only tab.
From this tab, you can open .SET files; the next trace you acquire
will use these saved settings and limits. These .SET files are smaller
than .SOR or .CFF files, which also contain trace data.
From the Look in: box, select the floppy disk, internal memory, or
the storage card. The contents of the folder will appear in the box
below. Tap a folder to open it. If you want to back up to a higher
level of folder, use the folder icon. Tap the file nam e you want to
open. Use the Files of Type drop down box to limit the files
displayed to .SET.
The field on the right side of the dialog box gives you a preview of
information related to the highlighted file. Tap Open to open the
highlighted file name.
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Determine What Settings Where Used for a Trace
Select Settings menu > About Trace.
This dialog box displays all the static settings that were used to
acquire the trace and all the dynamic settings that were saved with
the trace.
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Tutorial
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Examine the Test1.SOR & Test2.SOR Files
In this section you will look at two sample files provided with your
OTDR:
H Test1.SOR illustrates that different types of events can look
similar.
H Test2.SOR illustrates a damaged angle-polished splice.
Starting with Test1.SOR, in the following steps, you will compare
the appearances of each event in the trace and compare the amounts
of loss and reflectance of each event in the event table.
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Examine the Test1.SOR & Test2.SOR Files
1. Open Test1.SOR from Interna l Memory. (Select File > Open,
then Look in: Internal Memory, and double-tap Te st1.SOR.)
2. Look at the seven events. You will see something similar to
Figure 2--5.
2- 32
Figure 2- 5: Sample file Test1.SOR illustrates that different types of
events can look similar
NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Examine the Test1.SOR & Test2.SOR Files
3. Switch to Event Table Only view t o com pare the event loss and
reflectance values of each event. (Select View > Event Table
Only.) You will see something similar to Figure 2-- 6. You can
scroll to the right to view a description of each event in the Event
Notes column.
Figure 2- 6: Compare the amounts of loss and reflectance in each of the
events in the sample file Test1.SOR
4. Switch back to the trace view again. (Select View > Maximize
Trace.)
The first event is the beginning of the fiber at the front panel.
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Examine the Test1.SOR & Test2.SOR Files
5. Starting with the second event, select each event in turn and
zoom in. Tap the Zoom In button, and t hen tap the Zoom Size
button to adjust the size of the zoom box. Tap the down arrow
several times to maximize the appearance of small reflections
and losses.
Event 2, shown in Figure 2--7, is an FC regular connector. It has
fairly large amounts of both loss and reflect ion.
2- 34
Figure 2- 7: Event 2 is an FC regular connector
NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Examine the Test1.SOR & Test2.SOR Files
Event 3, shown in Figure 2--8, is a fusion splice. It has a small
amount of loss and no significant reflectance.
Figure 2- 8: Event 3 is a fusion splice
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Examine the Test1.SOR & Test2.SOR Files
Event 4, shown in Figure 2--9, is a mechanical splice. Like the
FC regular connector, it has large amounts of both loss and
reflection.
Figure 2- 9: Event 4 is a m echanical splice
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NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Examine the Test1.SOR & Test2.SOR Files
Event 5, shown in Figure 2--10, is a bend. Like the fusion splice
and the mechanical splice, the bend has a very small amount of
loss and no significant reflectance.
Testing with multiple wavelengths is a good way to tell if an
event is a bend. In contrast to fusion and mechanical splices, the
slope and loss values of a bend will differ depending on the
wavelength you use for testing.
Figure 2- 10: Event 5 is a bend
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Examine the Test1.SOR & Test2.SOR Files
Event 6, shown in Figure 2--11, is another fusion splice like Event
3. It has a large amount of loss but no reflectance.
Figure 2- 11: Event 6 is a fusion splice
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NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Examine the Test1.SOR & Test2.SOR Files
Event 7, shown in Figure 2--12, is the end of the fiber. Notice that
it has large values for both loss and refl ectance. The trace power
level drops off into noise at the end of the fiber.
Figure 2- 12: Event 7 is the end of the fiber
6. Open Test2.SOR from Internal Memory. (Select File > Open,
then Look in: Internal Memory, and double-tap Te st2.SOR.)
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Examine the Test1.SOR & Test2.SOR Files
7. Look at the twelve events. You will see something similar to
Figure 2--13.
In the sample file, Test2.SOR, events 1 and 12 represent the
beginning and ending of the fiber, respectively. All the other
events are fusion splices except event 5, which is an angle-polished splice. Usually angle-polished splices have no reflectance.
In this case, however, the ends are worn. This damage accounts
for the large amount of reflectance you see in Figure 2--13.
You can switch to Event Table Only view and scroll to the right
to view a description of each event in the Event Notes column.
2- 40
Figure 2- 13: Sample file test2.SOR shows a worn angle-polished
connector (Event 5) and several fusion splices
NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Reference
Taking Measurements
This section covers taking measurment menu measurements (see
below), comparing two traces in various ways (see page 3--8), and
setting up automatic testing and saving of measurments (see
page 3--12).
To perform advanced mea surements, choose a measurement from the
measurement menu.
These measurements are taken on one trace:
H Event Loss: Measures loss at a point on a fiber. See pa ge 3--2.
H Two Point: Measures the loss, slope, and di stance between two
points on a fiber. See page 3--4.
H Reflectance: Measures the loss due to light reflected by a
particular fiber feature, such as a connector or splice. See
page 3--6.
H ORL:(Optical Return Loss) Measures the reflected light from a
section of fiber or from the whole fiber. See page 3--7.
These measurements are taken on two traces in Dual Trace mode:
H Bidirectional Averages: Averages the events of two traces taken
from opposite ends of the same fiber. Some events may appear
differently depending on which end of the fiber you test. Use this
measurement for a more accurate representation of the fi ber than
either trace alone can give. See page 3-- 9.
H Difference: Subtracts one trace from another. Use this measure-
ment to compare two similar trace files. See page 3-- 11.
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Taking Measurements
Performing Event Loss Measurements
Select Measurements > Event Loss....
Measures loss at a point on a fiber. The loss appe ars as a readout at
the top of the trace.
The events that you add are marked in the event table with an
asterisk (*).
Figure 3--1 shows an example of an event loss measurement.
3- 2
Figure 3- 1: Event Loss for Event 2
NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Taking Measurements
Event Loss Advanced Controls
Select Measurements > Event Loss... > Advanced Controls button.
Advanced Controls allow you to manually adjust the slope cursor
either to the Left or the Right of the event.
Select Reset to return the slope cursor angles to match the
backscatter slope.
Select Update Table to update the event table wit h your manually
adjusted loss data. Manually adjusted data in the event table are
marked with an asterisk (*).
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Taking Measurements
Performing Two Point Measurements
Select Measurements > Two Point....
Measure the loss, slope, and distance between two points on a fiber.
Be sure both cursors are on backscatter regions of the trace.
Look at the loss between two points on the trace:
1. Zoom in on the area of the trace.
2. Select Measurements > Two Point....
3. Drag a cursor or use the cursor buttons to place a cursor on
backscatter to the left of an area of interest on the trace.
4. Use the A/B cursor buttons to toggle the active cursor.
5. Place the second cursor on backscatter to the right of the area of
interest on the trace.
6. Look at the top line of the trace region for the readouts of
distance, two point loss, and slope between the two cursors.
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NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Taking Measurements
Two Point Loss Advanced Controls
Select Measurements > Two Point... > Advanced Controls button.
To manually adjust the cursors, select either Two Point Slope or LSA
Slope:
H Select Two P oint Slope to measure the loss across a feature of
the fiber. In two-point slope calculations, the two-point loss is
divided by the two-point distance, using the data point at each
intersection between the loss cursors and the waveform. This
type of calculation is better if there are reflective events close to
the one you are trying to measure.
H Select LSA Slope to measure fiber loss on featureless sections of
backscatter. In LSA slope calculations, the data points on the
waveform between the distance c ursors are used to determine the
best-fitting straight line using the least-squares average
algorithm. This type of calculation is better if the trace is noisy
and there are no reflective events close to the one you are trying
to measure.
Using the scroll bar to move the cursor vertically and the knob
buttons to rotate the cursor, match the angle and position of the
cursor to the slope and level of the backscatter.
Use the double arrow side of t he knob to rotate the cursors by large
increments. Use the single arrow side of the knob to rotate the
cursors by small increments.
Select Reset to return the loss cursor position to match the
automatically determined level of the backscatter.
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Taking Measurements
Performing Reflectance Measurements
NOTE. Before performing reflectance measurements, be sure that the
backscatter coefficient setting is correct in the Test Settings tab.
Select Measurement > Reflectance....
Measure the reflectance at a point on a fiber, such as at a connector
or splice.
Place a cursor at the point of interest on t he t race. The refle ctance
from that point appears as a readout at the top of the trace region.
Reflectance Advanced Controls
Select Measurements > Reflectance... > Advanced Controls
button.
Advanced Controls allow you to manually adjust the slope cursor
either to the Left or the Right of the event.
Select Reset to return the slope cursor angles to match the
backscatter slope.
Select Update Table to update the event table with your manually
adjusted reflectance data.
Manually adjusted data in the event table are marked with an asterisk
(*).
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NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Performing ORL Measurements
NOTE. Before performing reflectance measurements, be sure that the
backscatter coefficient setting is correct in the Test Settings tab.
Select Measurements > ORL.
Optical Return Loss measures the reflected light from a section of
fiber or from the whole fiber. This measurement tells you how much
noise is on the fiber.
The ORL readout appears at the top of the trace region.
Taking Measurements
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3- 7
Taking Measurements
Compare T wo T races in Dual Trace Mode
Use Dual Trace mode compare two trace files. When you have two
trace files open, you can look at both traces at once, and you can
perform measurements.
These measurements are taken on two traces:
H Bidirectional Averages: Averages the events of two traces taken
from opposite ends of the same fiber. Use this measurement when
you need especially precise splice loss measurements.
H Difference: Subtracts one trace from another. Use this measure-
ment to compare two similar trace files.
Select Dual Trace > Dual Trace On.
1. Open or acquire a trace.
2. Select Dual Trace > Dual Trace On.
3. Open or acquire a second trace.
Each of the two tabs above the trace region are named for one of the
traces. Select the tab of the trace data you want to be active. The
event markers of the active trace are dark and the event markers of
the inactive trace are light. The event table shows the events of the
active trace data.
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NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Taking Measurements
Performing Bidirectional Averages Measurement
Select Measurement > Bi-directional Averages.
Events may appear differently depending on which end of the fiber
you test. Take trace measurements from each end of a fiber, and then
use the Bidirectional Averages function to view the average losses of
the two trace files. The averaged event loss values yield a more
accurate representation of the fiber than either trace alone . T his
measurement generates a third tab with a trace and event table
showing the averages of the two trace files.
Refer to Figure 3--2 for an example of a bidirectional averages
measurement.
Figure 3- 2: Bidirectional Averages traces
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Taking Measurements
1. Open or acquire a trace.
2. Select Measurement > Bi-directional A verages.
3. Open or acquire a second trace taken from the opposite end of the
fiber from step 1.
4. View and interpret the bidirectional averages trace and event
table data in the third tab.
NOTE. You cannot save the third tab as a file. Instead, save the
separate traces; you can regenerate the data at any time from the
saved trace files.
The Bidirectional Averages tab displays the two traces (taken
from both ends of the same fiber) and the average of the two
traces. The two traces are represented in opposite directions. The
end of one trace is the beginning of the other trace, and the two
traces meet in the middle.
The trace from the first tab will appear as usual, starting in the
upper left corner and sloping down to its end in the lower right
corner. The trace from the second tab looks like a superimposed
mirror image of the first. It starts in the uppe r right corne r and
slopes down to its end in the lower left, and its events should line
up vertically with the events from the first trace.
When the third tab is active, the event table shows the averages
of each event. If an event appears on one of the traces but not at
the corresponding distance on the other, “-- -- ” appe ars in the table
cell.
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NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Performing Difference Measurements
Select Measurement > Difference.
NOTE. You must have two files open to create difference data.
You cannot save the third tab as a file, but you can regenerate the
data at any time from the saved trace files.
The Difference function subtracts one trace from another and
displays the results as a third trace. Look at the difference to
compare two similar trace files, such as traces taken on the same
fiber at different times, or traces taken on adjacent fibers in the same
cable. This measurement generates a third tab with a trace and event
table that show the difference between the two trace files. The
difference in the event loss values show you changes in the fiber
between the acquisitions or the differences between two adjacent
fibers.
Taking Measurements
To preform a difference measurement:
1. Open or acquire a trace.
2. Select Dual Trace > Dual Trace On.
3. Open or acquire a second trace.
4. Select Measurement > Difference.
5. Select the third tab to view the difference data.
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Taking Measurements
The tabs above the trace region are labeled with the file name of the
trace data. Select the tab of the trace data you want to be active. The
event markers of the active trace are dark and the event markers of
the inactive trace are light. The event table shows the events of the
active trace data.
Auto Test and Save Dialog Box
Select Auto Test and Save button.
Use this dialog box to automate taking and saving numerous, similar
tests. The auto test will use the test settings on the main screen.
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NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Taking Measurements
Next Fiber Number: Tells you what fiber number the OTDR will
assign to the next fiber it measures. Enter the fiber number you want
the OTDR to start with.
Back button. Decrements the Next Fiber Number.
Next File Name: Press the keyboard icon to access the Next File
Name dialog box (shown in part below) where you enter the first part
of the fiber name into the field.
Wavelength to Test: If your module has multiple wavelength
capability, select the wavelength icon to set up which wavelength or
wavelengths to use.
Fiber Notes... button. Opens the Fiber Notes dialog box where you
can add to or edit notes before you save them with your test.
Close button. Clears and closes the dialog box.
Start button. Begins the first test.
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Taking Measurements
Auto Sequence Wavelength Choices Dialog Box
Select Auto Test and Save button > λ button.
Choose which wavelength to test in the Test First option list. If you
want to test each fiber a second time with a different wavelength,
select a wavelength in the Test Second option list. If you don’twant
to test a second time, select none in the Test Second option list.
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NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Other Features
This section includes instructions and reference information about
features you may find useful:
H Increasing the range
H Printing
H Using the OTDR with a keyboard
H Joining cursors
H Information about file types
H Making notes on events, landmarks, and fibers
H Adding, moving, and deleting, events or landmarks
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Other Features
Increasing the Range
Occasionally, on very long fibers, the OTDR cannot detect the end of
the fiber because the range is insufficient. The phrase “Out of
Range” will appear in the last row of the event table. If this ha ppens,
change the test settings:
1. Select Settings > T est Setting and Limits > Test Settings tab.
2. Select the Test Mode: IntelliTrace Plus, Manual,orEnd of
Fiber.
If you choose IntelliTrace Plus mode, select Find Most Events.
This configuration will take more time to run.
If you choose Manual mode, you can do one or both of the
following:
H Use a longer pulse width. This increases the range by
increasing the power, but it reduces resolution.
H Increase the averaging. This increases the range slightly by
lowering the noise floor, but the test will take much longer.
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Printing
Other Features
Select File > Print.
Select the fields you want to print:
H Trace and Table. This choice prints both the trace and table.
H Trace. The trace will print as it appears on screen. At least one
line of the event table will print for the selected event.
H Table. Under Table Options, indicate whether to print only the
first five columns or all columns. For measurements with
multiple tables, select under Measurement Options whether to
print all the tables or only the bidirectional or difference table.
H Notes. Select Notes to print your fibe r, event, and landmark
notes. Tap the Properties button to select a printer, port, network
path, paper size, print mode, print ra nge, orientation, and
margins. (For additional information, select Properties > ?.)
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Other Features
Using with a Keyboard
You can operate the OTDR with an external keyboard as follows:
Connect the keyboard to the keyboard port on the NetTek Analyzer.
Access the main menus by holding down the Alt key and pressing
the underlined letter of the menu name.
Use the up and down arrows to move the highlight cursor to your
drop-down menu selection and then press Enter.
In a dialog box, use the tab or arrow keys to highlight the item or
area of interest, and then press Enter to select it.
For example, to change the appearance of the trace, use these steps:
1. Open the View drop-down submenu: hold down Alt and press V.
2. Open the Trace Display Options dialog box: press the down
arrow until the Trace Display Options menu is highlighted, and
then press Enter.
3. Use the tab or arrow keys to select one of the options and then
press Enter to select or clear the checkbox.
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Join Cursors
Select View > Join Cursors.
The inactive cursor jumps to the location of the active cursor. (The
active cursor is the one labeled with white text in a black box.)
About File Types
SOR format, the default file format, is a Telcordia format. Use this
format if you will use the file in the Tektronix TARGET1 PC
software or in an instrument from another m anufacturer.
CFF format is a Tektronix file format. Use this format if you will be
using the file with a Tektronix TFS3031 or TFP2A OTDR or with
Tektronix FMTAP PC software.
Other Features
SET format includes only settings and limits; it does not include test
data. Use this format to save and reuse settings and limits for
multiple tests.
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Other Features
Making Notes on Events, Landmarks, and Fibers
You can record notes about fibers or about individual events and
landmarks on a trace. These notes are saved when you save the test
file.
Event / Landmark Notes Dialog Box
Select Events > Event / Landmark Notes....
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Use the buttons to jump to the event or landmark marker for which
you want to examine or edit the notes.
Use the Code drop-down list to select a Telcordia code that describes
the type of event or landmark.
NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Other Features
Any comments you enter in the Comments: box will be visible from
the Event Table Only view.
Use Sheath Marker Info to record the sheath distance (as opposed to
the fiber distance) between events or landmarks. Enter the number
you read on the sheath cable at the event or landmark.
Enter GPS (Global Positioning System) information into the
Longitude: and Latitude: text boxes. GPS coordinates will help you
easily locate a landmark again.
If you have installed a standard GPS module with RS232 communication, you can press the Download from GPS button to automatically enter the data.
NOTE. Remember that the GPS will enter the coordinates of the
module location at the time you press this button. If you are not
standing at the site of the landmark, enter the coordinates by hand or
return to the site to enter them automatically.
You can manually enter GPS coordinates using the following format:
Longitude: Wddd°mm’ss”
Latitude: Ndd°mm’ss”
Where:
dd = latitude degrees [0--90]
ddd = longitude degrees [0--180]
mm = minutes [0--59]
ss = seconds [0--59]
N = n = North la titude (may be replac ed with S for South)
W = w = West longitude (may be replaced with E for East)
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Other Features
Fiber Notes Dialog Box
Select File > Fiber Notes....
Fiber notes are saved with your trace file. Use the Fiber Notes dialog
box to record information in the way that your company finds most
useful. The most recently entered descriptions will appear in the
drop-down menu of each field.
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For Cable Code, enter the Telcordia Suggested Optic al Cable Code.
Describe the beginning and ending locations of the trace in the Start
Location: and Stop Location: fields.
NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Other Features
For Data Flags, the following codes are recommended:
H BC -- as-built condition
H RC -- as-repaired condition
H OT -- other; describe the condition in the Comments: field
In the Comments field, make note of cable or fiber design or link
issues. Describe how the link is used and record any construction or
repair issues.
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Other Features
Adding, Moving, and Deleting, Events or Landmarks
From the Events menu, you can add, move, and delete both events
and landmarks. You can also access Event/Landmark Notes or freeze
events.
Adding Events
Select Events > Add Events....
Manually added events will appear in the event table with an asterisk
(*).
1. Position the active cursor where you want to add an event.
2. Zoom in.
3. Select Events > Add Events....
4. Use the cursor buttons to fine tune the position of the cursor
where you want to add an event. Notice that the l ocation of the
cursor appears in the Location: field.
5. Tap Add Event to add an event.
6. Tap Event Notes... to describe the event.
7. Tap the Close button.
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Other Features
Moving Events
Select Events > Moving Events....
Manually added events will appear in the event table with an asterisk
(*).
1. Select an event.
2. Zoom in.
3. Select Events > Move Events....
4. Use the cursor buttons to move the cursor where you want to
move the selected event. Notice that the selected event and the
location of the cursor appear in the Location: field.
5. Tap Move Event to move the event.
6. Tap Event Notes... to edit the event notes.
7. Tap the Close button.
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Other Features
Adding Landmarks
Select Events > Add Landmarks....
Add a landmark to help you remember how the trace relates to real
locations on the fiber such as a bridge. You can mark places where a
failure might be likely to occur in the future.
1. Position the active cursor where you want to add a landmark.
2. Zoom in.
3. Select Events > Add Landmark....
4. Use the cursor buttons to fine tune the position of the cursor
5. Tap Add Event to add an event.
where you want to add a landmark. Notice that the location of the
cursor appears in the Location: field.
6. Tap Landmark Notes... to describe the landmark.
7. Tap the Close button.
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NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Other Features
Moving Landmarks
Select Events > Moving Landmarks....
1. Select a landmark.
2. Zoom in.
3. Select Events > Move Landmark....
4. Use the cursor buttons to move the cursor where you want to
move the selected landmark. Notice that the selected landmark
and the location of the cursor appear in the Location: field.
5. Tap Move Landmark to move the landmark.
6. Tap Landmark Notes... to edit the landmark notes if you wish.
7. Tap the Close button.
Deleting Events
Select Events > Delete Events....
1. Select an event.
2. Select Events > Delete Events....
3. Tap the Delete Events button.
4. Tap the Close button.
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Other Features
Deleting Landmarks
Select Events > Delete Landmarks....
1. Select a landmark.
2. Select Events > Delete Landmarks....
3. Tap the Delete Landmark button.
4. Tap the Close button.
Deleting All Landmarks
Select Events > Delete All Landmarks....
All landmarks will be deleted.
Freezing Events
Select Events > Freeze Events.
Consider freezing events if you are testing more than one fiber for
which you expect the events to have the same locations.
Freezing events allows you to use the current events as a template
for subsequent acquisitions. This means that all of the current events
will continue to be displayed as new traces are acquired, regardless
of the Event Loss actually found at those distances. Additional
events that exceed the thresholds will also be found, displayed, and
included in the event table.
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NetTek Analyzer OTDR Modules User Manual
Appendices
Appendix A: Specifications
The specifications in this section apply to the NetTek Analyzer
OTDR Module , unless otherwise specified. For NetTek Analyzer
Platform specifications, refer to the NetTek Analyzer Platform User
Manual.
All specifications are guaranteed unless labeled “t ypical”. Typical
specifications are provided for your convenience and are not
guaranteed.
Table A- 1: NetTek Analyzer OTDR Module characteristics
Event
Dynamic
Module Fiber type Wavelengths
YSS1310 Singlemode 1310 nm + 20 nm 38 dB 2m 8m
YSS1315 Singlemode 1310 nm / 1550 nm + 20 nm 38 / 36 dB 2m 8m
YSL1315 Singlemode 1310 nm / 1550 nm + 20 nm 42 / 40 dB 2m 8m
YSL1625 Singlemode 1625 nm + 20 nm 40 dB 2m 8m
YSL1516 Singlemode 1550 nm / 1625 nm + 20 nm 40 / 40 dB 2m 8m
YSU1315 Singlemode 1310 nm / 1550 nm + 20 nm 44 / 44 dB 2m 8m
YSU1625 Singlemode 1625 nm + 20 nm 44 dB 2m 8m
1
2
width.
Typical at 23°C, SNR = 1, 3 minutes averaging, maximum pulse width.
Typical at 23°C, --40dB reflectance, 3 minutes averaging, minimum pulse
range
dead
1
zone
Loss
dead
2
zone
2
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