Tektronix 2016 Service Manual

Model 2016

THD Multimeter

Service Manual

SHIFT

LOCAL

POWER

STEP CH2 CH3 CH4 CH5 CH6 CH7 CH8 CH9 CH10

CH1REM

SCAN
TALK
LSTN
SRQ
SHIFT
TIMER

HOLD TRIG FAST MED SLOW AUTO ERR

MATH

THD

DCV

ACV

HOLD

EX TRIG

TRIG

SAVE SETUP

SOURCE

THD

STORE RECALL

MEAS

dBm

ACI

DCI

LIMITS ON/OFFDELAY

CONFIG HALT

STEP SCAN

REL FILT

dB

CONT

Ω2 Ω4

TEST

GPIB

DIGITS RATE

Contains Servicing Information

CAL

RELFILTER

RS232

MATH
REAR

4W

BUFFER

STAT

2016 THD MULTIMETER

PERIOD TCOUPL

FREQ

TEMP

EXIT ENTER

RANGE

AUTO

RANGE

Ω 4 WIRE

350V
PEAK

F

FRONT/REAR

SENSE

INPUTS

INPUT

HI

1000V

!

PEAK

LO

500V
PEAK

R

3A 250V

AMPS

W ARRANTY

Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a
period of 3 years from date of shipment.

Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes,
cables, rechargeable batteries, diskettes, and documentation.

During the warranty period, we will, at our option, either repair or replace any product that proves to be
defective.

T o e xercise this w arranty, write or call your local K eithley representati v e, or contact K eithle y headquarters in
Cleveland, Ohio. You will be given prompt assistance and return instructions. Send the product, transporta­tion prepaid, to the indicated service facility. Repairs will be made and the product returned, transportation
prepaid. Repaired or replaced products are warranted for the balance of the original warranty period, or at
least 90 days.

LIMIT A TION OF W ARRANTY

This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification without Keithley’s express writ­ten consent, or misuse of any product or part. This warranty also does not apply to fuses, software, non­rechargeable batteries, damage from battery leakage, or problems arising from normal wear or failure to fol­low instructions.

THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUD­ING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE.
THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE B UYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES.

NEITHER KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOR ANY OF ITS EMPLOYEES SHALL BE LIABLE
FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARIS­ING OUT OF THE USE OF ITS INSTRUMENTS AND SOFTWARE EVEN IF KEITHLEY INSTRU­MENTS, INC., HAS BEEN ADVISED IN ADVANCE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
SUCH EXCLUDED DAMAGES SHALL INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: COSTS OF
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION, LOSSES SUSTAINED AS THE RESULT OF INJURY TO ANY PER­SON, OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY.

Keithley Instruments, Inc. • 28775 Aurora Road • Clev eland, OH 44139 • 440-248-0400 • Fax: [phone] • http://www.keithley.com

CHINA: Keithley Instruments China • Yuan Chen Xin Building, Room 705 • 12 Y umin Road, De wai, Madian • Beijing 100029 • 8610-62022886 • Fax: [phone]
FRANCE: Keithley Instruments SARL • BP 60 • 3 Allée des Garays • 91122 Palaiseau Cédex • 33-1-60-11-51-55 • Fax: [phone]
GERMANY: Keithley Instruments GmbH • Landsberger Strasse 65 • D-82110 Germering, Munich • 49-89-8493070 • Fax: [phone]
GREAT BRIT AIN: Keithley Instruments, Ltd. • The Minster • 58 Portman Road • Reading, Berkshire, England RG3 1EA • 44-1189-596469 • Fax: [phone]
ITALY: Keithley Instruments SRL • Viale S. Gimignano 38 • 20146 Milano • 39-2-48303008 • Fax: [phone]
NETHERLANDS: Keithley Instruments BV • Avelingen West 49 • 4202 MS Gorinchem • 31-(0)183-635333 • Fax: [phone]
SWITZERLAND: Keithley Instruments SA • Kriesbachstrasse 4 • 8600 Dübendorf • 41-1-8219444 • Fax: [phone]
TAIWAN: Keithley Instruments Taiwan • 1FL., 85 Po Ai Street • Hsinchu, Taiwan • 886-3-572-9077 • Fax: [phone]

1/99

Model 2016 THD Multimeter

Service Manual

©1999, Keithley Instruments, Inc.

All rights reserved.
Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
First Printing, May 1999

Document Number: 2016-902-01 Rev. A

Manual Print History

The print history shown below lists the printing dates of all Revisions and Addenda created
for this manual. The Revision Le vel letter increases alphabetically as the manual under goes sub­sequent updates. Addenda, which are released between Revisions, contain important change in­formation that the user should incorporate immediately into the manual. Addenda are numbered
sequentially. When a new Re vision is created, all Addenda associated with the previous Re vision
of the manual are incorporated into the new Revision of the manual. Each ne w Revision includes
a revised copy of this print history page.

Revision A (Document Number 2016-902-01).................................................................May 1999

All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc.
Other brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

Safety Precautions

The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumen­tation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous v oltages, there
are situations where hazardous conditions may be present.

This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the
safety precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read the operating information carefully before using the
product.

The types of product users are:

Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring

that the equipment is operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are
adequately trained.

Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical safety procedures and

proper use of the instrument. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.

Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating, for example, setting

the line voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the manual. The
procedures explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by ser­vice personnel.

Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, and perform safe installations and repairs of products.

Only properly trained service personnel may perform installation and service procedures.
Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector

jacks or test fixtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard e xists when
voltage levels greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V peak, or 60VDC are present. A good safety practice is to expect

that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before measuring.

Users of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that
users are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be
exposed to potential human contact. Product users in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves
from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000 volts, no conductive part

of the circuit may be exposed.

As described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 664, digital multimeter
measuring circuits (e.g., Keithley Models 175A, 199, 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2010) are Installation Category II.
All other instruments’ signal terminals are Installation Category I and must not be connected to mains.

Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with imped­ance limited sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to
switching cards, install protective devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card.

Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is connected to a properly grounded power receptacle.
Inspect the connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.

For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to
the circuit under test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge an y capacitors before:
connecting or disconnecting cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal
changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.

Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power
line (earth) ground. Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface ca­pable of withstanding the voltage being measured.

The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its specifications and operating instructions or
the safety of the equipment may be impaired.

Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as defined in the specifications
and operating information, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or switching card.

When fuses are used in a product, replace with same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard.
Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground

connections.
If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation

requires the use of a lid interlock.

If a screw is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the wire recommended in the user documen­tation.

!

The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in
the manual.

The symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or measure 1000 volts or more, including the com­bined effect of normal and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact
with these voltages.

The WARNING heading in a manual explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always
read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.

The CAUTION heading in a manual explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may
invalidate the warranty.

Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.
Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables.

To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement components in mains circuits, including the
power transformer, test leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses,
with applicable national safety approvals, may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components
that are not safety related may be purchased from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original
component. (Note that selected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain accu­racy and functionality of the product.) If you are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component,
call a Keithley Instruments office for information.

T o clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water based cleaner . Clean the e xterior of the instrument only .
Do not apply cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that
consist of a circuit board with no case or chassis (e.g., data acquisition board for installation into a computer)
should never require cleaning if handled according to instructions. If the board becomes contaminated and op­eration is affected, the board should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning/servicing.

Rev. 2/99

T able of Contents

1

Performance Verification

Introduction ........................................................................................ 1-2

Verification test requirements ............................................................ 1-3

Environmental conditions .............................................................. 1-3

Warm-up period ............................................................................. 1-3

Line power ..................................................................................... 1-3

Recommended test equipment ........................................................... 1-4

Verification limits ............................................................................... 1-5

Example reading limit calculation ................................................. 1-5

Calculating resistance reading limits ............................................. 1-5

Restoring factory defaults .................................................................. 1-6

Performing the verification test procedures ....................................... 1-7

Test summary ................................................................................. 1-7

Test considerations ......................................................................... 1-7

Verifying DC voltage ......................................................................... 1-8

Verifying AC voltage ....................................................................... 1-10

Verifying DC current ....................................................................... 1-12

Verifying AC current ........................................................................ 1-13

Verifying resistance ......................................................................... 1-14

Verifying temperature ...................................................................... 1-16

Verifying frequency ......................................................................... 1-17

Verifying total harmonic distortion .................................................. 1-18

Verifying function generator amplitude ........................................... 1-19

2

Calibration

Introduction ........................................................................................ 2-2

Environmental conditions .................................................................. 2-3

Warm-up period ............................................................................. 2-3

Line power ..................................................................................... 2-3

Calibration considerations ................................................................. 2-4

Calibration code ................................................................................. 2-5

Front panel calibration code ........................................................... 2-5

Remote calibration code ................................................................. 2-5

Comprehensive calibration ................................................................ 2-6

Calibration cycle ............................................................................ 2-6

Recommended equipment .............................................................. 2-6

Aborting calibration ....................................................................... 2-7

Front panel calibration ................................................................... 2-7

Preparing the Model 2016 for calibration ...................................... 2-7

Front panel short and open calibration ........................................... 2-8

DC volts calibration ....................................................................... 2-9

Resistance calibration .................................................................. 2-11

DC current calibration ................................................................. 2-12

AC voltage calibration ................................................................. 2-13

AC current calibration ................................................................. 2-14

Distortion calibration ................................................................... 2-14

Function generator calibration ..................................................... 2-15

Setting calibration dates and saving calibration .......................... 2-16

Remote calibration ....................................................................... 2-16

Preparing the Model 2016 for calibration .................................... 2-17

Short and open calibration ........................................................... 2-17

DC volts calibration ..................................................................... 2-18

Resistance calibration .................................................................. 2-19

DC current calibration ................................................................. 2-20

AC voltage calibration ................................................................. 2-21

AC current calibration ................................................................. 2-22

Distortion calibration ................................................................... 2-22

Function generator calibration ..................................................... 2-23

Programming calibration dates .................................................... 2-23

Saving calibration constants ........................................................ 2-23

Locking out calibration ................................................................ 2-23

Manufacturing calibration ............................................................... 2-24

Recommended test equipment ..................................................... 2-24

Unlocking manufacturing calibration .......................................... 2-24

Measuring synthesizer signal amplitude ...................................... 2-24

Front panel manufacturing calibration ......................................... 2-25

Remote manufacturing calibration .............................................. 2-26

Routine Maintenance

3

Introduction ....................................................................................... 3-2

Setting the line voltage and replacing the line fuse ....................... 3-2

Replacing the AMPS fuse .............................................................. 3-3

T roubleshooting

4

Introduction ....................................................................................... 4-2

Repair considerations ........................................................................ 4-3

Power-on self-test .............................................................................. 4-4

Front panel tests ................................................................................ 4-5

KEY test ......................................................................................... 4-5

DISP test ........................................................................................ 4-5

Principles of operation ...................................................................... 4-6

Power supply ................................................................................. 4-6

Display board ................................................................................. 4-8

Digital circuitry .............................................................................. 4-9

Analog circuitry ........................................................................... 4-11

Distortion digital circuitry ............................................................ 4-13

Distortion analog circuitry ........................................................... 4-15

Sine generator circuitry ................................................................ 4-16

Troubleshooting ............................................................................... 4-18

Display board checks ................................................................... 4-18

Power supply checks .................................................................... 4-19

Digital circuitry checks ................................................................ 4-20

Analog signal switching states ..................................................... 4-21

5

Disassembly

Introduction ........................................................................................ 5-2

Handling and cleaning ....................................................................... 5-3

Handling PC boards ....................................................................... 5-3

Solder repairs ................................................................................. 5-3

Static sensitive devices ................................................................... 5-4

Assembly drawings ............................................................................ 5-5

Disassembly procedures .................................................................... 5-6

Case cover removal ........................................................................ 5-6

DMM board removal ...................................................................... 5-6

DSP board removal ........................................................................ 5-7

Front panel disassembly ................................................................. 5-8

Removing power components ........................................................ 5-8

Instrument reassembly ....................................................................... 5-9

Input terminal wire connections ..................................................... 5-9

Power module wire connections .................................................... 5-9

Changing trigger link lines .............................................................. 5-10

Main CPU firmware replacement .................................................... 5-11

Replaceable Parts

6

Introduction ........................................................................................ 6-2

Parts lists ............................................................................................ 6-2

Ordering information ......................................................................... 6-2

Factory service ................................................................................... 6-2

Component layouts ............................................................................ 6-2

A

Specifications

Accuracy calculations ....................................................................... A-9

Calculating DC characteristics accuracy ....................................... A-9

Calculating AC characteristics accuracy ....................................... A-9

Calculating dBm characteristics accuracy .................................. A-10

Calculating dB characteristics accuracy ...................................... A-10

Distortion characteristics ............................................................. A-11

Calculating generator amplitude accuracy .................................. A-12

Additional derating factors ......................................................... A-12

Optimizing measurement accuracy ................................................ A-13

DC voltage, DC current, and resistance ...................................... A-13

AC voltage and AC current ......................................................... A-13

Temperature ................................................................................ A-13

Optimizing measurement speed ..................................................... A-14

DC voltage, DC current, and resistance ...................................... A-14

AC voltage and AC current ......................................................... A-14

Temperature ................................................................................ A-14

B

Calibration Reference

Introduction ...................................................................................... B-2

Command summary ......................................................................... B-3

Miscellaneous calibration commands .............................................. B-5

:CODE .......................................................................................... B-5

:COUNt? ....................................................................................... B-5

:INIT ............................................................................................. B-6

:LOCK .......................................................................................... B-6

:LOCK? ........................................................................................ B-7

:SAVE ........................................................................................... B-7

:DATE ........................................................................................... B-8

:NDUE .......................................................................................... B-8

DC calibration commands ................................................................ B-9

:STEP1 .......................................................................................... B-9

:STEP2 ........................................................................................ B-10

:STEP3 ........................................................................................ B-10

:STEP4 ........................................................................................ B-10

:STEP5 ........................................................................................ B-11

:STEP6 ........................................................................................ B-11

:STEP7 ........................................................................................ B-11

:STEP8 ........................................................................................ B-12

:STEP9 ........................................................................................ B-12

:STEP10 ...................................................................................... B-12

:STEP11 ...................................................................................... B-13

:STEP12 ...................................................................................... B-13

AC calibration commands .............................................................. B-14

:AC:STEP<n> ............................................................................. B-15

Distortion and function generator calibration commands ............. B-16

:DIST:STEP1 .............................................................................. B-16

:DIST:STEP2 .............................................................................. B-16

:FGEN:STEP1 ............................................................................ B-16

Manufacturing calibration commands ............................................ B-17

:AC:STEP<14|15> ...................................................................... B-17

:DC:STEP0 .................................................................................. B-17

Remote error reporting ................................................................... B-18

Error summary ............................................................................ B-18

Error queue .................................................................................. B-20

Status byte EAV (Error Available) bit ......................................... B-20

Generating an SRQ on error ........................................................ B-20

Detecting calibration step completion ............................................ B-21

Using the *OPC? query ............................................................... B-21

Using the *OPC command .......................................................... B-21

Generating an SRQ on calibration complete ............................... B-22

C

Calibration Program

Introduction ....................................................................................... C-2

Computer hardware requirements ..................................................... C-2

Software requirements ...................................................................... C-2

Calibration equipment ...................................................................... C-2

General program instructions ........................................................... C-3

List of Illustrations

1

Performance Verification

Connections for DC volts verification .............................................. 1-8

Connections for AC volts verification ............................................. 1-10

Connections for DC current verification ......................................... 1-12

Connections for AC current verification ......................................... 1-13

Connections for resistance verification (100 Ω -10M Ω range) ......... 1-14

Connections for resistance verification (100M Ω range) ................. 1-15

Connections for frequency verification ........................................... 1-17

Connections for total harmonic distortion verification ................... 1-18

Connections for function generator amplitude verification ............ 1-19

Calibration

2

Low-thermal short connections ......................................................... 2-8

Connections for DC volts and ohms calibration ............................... 2-9

Connections for DC and AC amps calibration ................................ 2-12

Connections for AC volts calibration .............................................. 2-13

Connections for distortion calibration ............................................. 2-15

Connections for function generator calibration ............................... 2-15

Synthesizer connections for manufacturing calibration .................. 2-25

Routine Maintenance

3

Power module .................................................................................... 3-2

4

T roubleshooting

Power supply block diagram ............................................................. 4-6

Digital circuitry block diagram ......................................................... 4-8

Analog circuitry block diagram ....................................................... 4-11

Distortion digital circuitry block diagram ....................................... 4-13

Distortion analog circuitry block diagram ...................................... 4-15

Sine generator circuitry block diagram ........................................... 4-16

Disassembly

5

Trigger link line connections ........................................................... 5-10

List of T ables

1

Performance Verification

Recommended verification equipment ........................................... 1-4

DCV reading limits ........................................................................ 1-9

ACV reading limits ....................................................................... 1-11

DCI limits ..................................................................................... 1-12

ACI limits ..................................................................................... 1-13

Limits for resistance verification .................................................. 1-15

Thermocouple temperature verification reading limits ................ 1-16

Calibration

2

Recommended equipment for comprehensive calibration ............. 2-6

Comprehensive calibration procedures .......................................... 2-8

DC volts calibration summary ...................................................... 2-10

Ohms calibration summary .......................................................... 2-11

DC current calibration summary .................................................. 2-12

AC voltage calibration summary .................................................. 2-13

AC current calibration summary .................................................. 2-14

Distortion and function generator calibration summary .............. 2-15

DC voltage calibration programming steps .................................. 2-18

Resistance calibration programming steps ................................... 2-19

DC current calibration programming steps .................................. 2-20

AC voltage calibration programming steps .................................. 2-21

AC current calibration programming steps .................................. 2-22

Distortion and function generator calibration steps ..................... 2-22

Recommended equipment for manufacturing calibration ............ 2-24

Ω

Ω

Ω 2/ Ω

Routine Maintenance

3

Power line fuse ............................................................................... 3-3

4

T roubleshooting

Power supply components .............................................................. 4-7

Display board checks ................................................................... 4-18

Power supply checks .................................................................... 4-19

Digital circuitry checks ................................................................ 4-20

DCV signal switching .................................................................. 4-21

ACV and FREQ signal switching ................................................. 4-21

2 signal switching ...................................................................... 4-22

4 signal switching ...................................................................... 4-22

4 reference switching .......................................................... 4-22

DCA signal switching .................................................................. 4-23

ACA signal switching .................................................................. 4-23

DCV signal multiplexing and gain .............................................. 4-23

ACV and ACA signal multiplexing and gain ............................... 4-23

DCA signal multiplexing and gain .............................................. 4-24

2 signal multiplexing and gain .................................................. 4-24

4 signal multiplexing and gain .................................................. 4-24

Switching device locations ............................................................ 4-25

5

Disassembly

Input terminal wire colors .............................................................. 5-9

Power module wire colors .............................................................. 5-9

Replaceable Parts

6

DMM (mother) board parts list ...................................................... 6-3

Display board parts list ................................................................ 6-10

Distortion (DSP) board parts list .................................................. 6-11

Miscellaneous parts list ................................................................ 6-15

Ω

Ω

Calibration Reference

B

Remote calibration command summary ....................................... B-3

DC calibration commands ............................................................. B-9

AC calibration commands ........................................................... B-14

Distortion and function generator calibration commands ........... B-16

Calibration error summary .......................................................... B-18

1

Performance

V erification

1-2 Performance Verification

Introduction

within the limits stated in the instrument’s one-year accuracy specifications. You can perform
these verification procedures:

WARNING The information in this section is intended only for qualified service per-

Use the procedures in this section to verify that Model 2016 THD Multimeter accuracy is

• When you first receive the instrument to make sure that it w as not damaged during ship­ment, and that the unit meets factory specifications.

• If the instrument’s accuracy is questionable.

• Following calibration.

sonnel. Do not attempt these procedures unless you are qualified to do so.

NOTE If the instrument is still under warranty and its performance is outside specified

limits, contact your Keithley representative or the factory to determine the correct
course of action. If the unit is not under warranty , and it fails to meet specifi ed limits,
refer to the calibration procedures in Section 2.

Performance Verification 1-3

V erification test requirements

Be sure that you perform the verification tests:

• Under the proper environmental conditions.

• After the specified warm-up period.

• Using the correct line voltage.

• Using the proper calibration equipment.

• Using the specified reading limits.

Environmental conditions

Conduct your performance verification procedures in a test environment that has:

• An ambient temperature of 18˚ to 28°C (65˚ to 82°F).

• A relative humidity of less than 80% unless otherwise noted.

W arm-up period

Allow the Model 2016 THD Multimeter to warm up for at least one hour before conducting

the verification procedures.

If the instrument has been subjected to temperature extremes (those outside the ranges stated
above), allow additional time for the instrument’s internal temperature to stabilize. Typically,
allow one extra hour to stabilize a unit that is 10°C (18°F) outside the specified temperature
range.

Also, allow the test equipment to warm up for the minimum time specified by the
manufacturer.

Line power

The Model 2016 THD Multimeter requires a line voltage of 100V/120V/220V/240V, ±10%
and a line frequency of 45Hz to 66Hz. Note that the line frequency is automatically sensed at
power-up, but the line voltage must be manually set to either 100V/120V or 220V/240V as
described in Section 2 of the Model 2016 User’s Manual.

Ω

Ω

Ω

Ω

Ω

Ω

Ω

1-4 Performance Verification

Recommended test equipment

T able 1-1 summarizes recommended verification equipment. You can use alternate equipment
as long as that equipment has specifications at least as good as those listed in Table 1-1. Keep in
mind, however, that the calibrator will add to the uncertainty of each measurement.

Table 1-1

Recommended verification equipment

Fluke 5700A Calibrator:

DC voltage

100mV:±14ppm

1.0V:±7ppm
10V:±5ppm
100V:±7ppm
1000V:±9ppm

AC voltage
(1kHz, 50kHz) DC current

100mV:±200ppm

1.0V:±82ppm
10V:±82ppm
100V:±90ppm
700V:±85ppm

10mA:±60ppm
100mA:±70ppm
1A:±110ppm

2.2A:±94ppm

AC current
(1kHZ) Resistance

1A:±690ppm

2.2A:±682ppm

Fluke 5725A Amplifier:

AC Voltage, 50kHz: 700V, ±375ppm

Keithley 3930A or 3940 Frequency Synthesizer:

1V RMS, 1kHz, ±5ppm

Stanford Research Systems DS-360 Ultra Low Distortion Function Generator:

1kHz, 0.95V RMS sine wave, -100dB THD

Miscellaneous Equipment:

Double banana plug to double banana plug shielded cable
BNC to double banana plug shielded cable

100
1k
10k
100k
1M
10M
100M

:±17ppm

:±12ppm

:±11ppm

:±13ppm

:±18ppm

:±37ppm

:±120ppm

NOTE: The Fluke 5725A amplifier is necessary only if you wish to verify the 750V AC range at 50kHz. Verification at 220V,

50kHz using only the 5700A calibrator is adequate for most applications.

×

Ω

Ω

Ω

V erification limits

The verification limits stated in this section have been calculated using only the Model 2016
one-year accuracy specifications, and they do not include test equipment uncertainty. If a par­ticular measurement falls slightly outside the allowable range, recalculate new limits based on
both Model 2016 specifications and pertinent calibration equipment specifications.

Example reading limit calculation

The following is an example of ho w reading limits have been calculated. Assume you are test­ing the 10V DC range using a 10V input value. Using the Model 2016 one-year accurac y spec­ification for 10V DC of ± (30ppm of reading + 5ppm of range), the calculated limits are:

Ω

Performance Verification 1-5

Reading limits = 10V ± [(10V

Reading limits = 10V ± (.0003 + .00005)

Reading limits = 10V ± .00035V

Reading limits = 9.99965V to 10.00035V

30ppm) + (10V × 5ppm)]

Calculating resistance reading limits

Resistance reading limits must be recalculated based on the actual calibration resistance val­ues supplied by the equipment manufacturer . Calculations are performed in the same manner as
shown in the preceding example, except, of course, that you should use the actual calibration
resistance values instead of the nominal values when performing your calculations.

For example, assume that you are testing the 10k
resistance value. Using the Model 2016 one-year 10k
+ 10ppm of range), the calculated reading limits are:

Reading limits = 10.03k

Reading limits = 10.02890k

± [(10.03k Ω × 100ppm) + (10k Ω × 10ppm)]

to 10.03110k Ω .

range using an actual 10.03k Ω calibration

range accuracy of ± (100ppm of reading

1-6 Performance Verification

Restoring factory defaults

Before performing the verification procedures, restore the instrument to its factory defaults

as follows:

1. Press

2. Using either range key , select FACT , then restore the factory default conditions by press-

3. Factory defaults will be set as follows:

SHIFT and then SETUP . The instrument will display the following prompt:

RESTORE: FACT.

ing

ENTER .

Speed: medium
Filter: 10 readings

Performance Verification 1-7

Performing the verification test procedures

T est summary

Verification test procedures include:

• DC volts

• AC volts

• DC current

• AC current

• Resistance

• Temperature

• Frequency

• Total harmonic distortion

• Function generator amplitude

T est considerations

When performing the verification procedures:

• Be sure to restore factory defaults as outlined above.

• After restoring factory defaults and selecting the measuring function, select the SLOW
integration rate with the RATE key.

• Make sure that the equipment is properly warmed up and connected to the front panel
input jacks. Also mak e sure that the front panel input jacks are selected with the INPUTS
switch.

• Do not use autoranging for any verification tests because autorange hysteresis may cause
the Model 2016 to be on an incorrect range. For each test signal, you must manually set
the correct range for the Model 2016 using the range keys.

• Make sure the calibrator is in operate before you verify each measurement.

• Always let the source signal settle before taking a reading.

• Do not connect test equipment to the Model 2016 through a scanner or other switching
equipment.

WARNING The maximum common-mode voltage (voltage between INPUT LO and

chassis ground) is 500V peak. Exceeding this value may cause a breakdown
in insulation, creating a shock hazard. Some of the procedures in this sec­tion may expose you to dangerous voltages. Use standard safety precau­tions when such dangerous voltages are encountered to avoid personal
injury caused by electric shock.

1-8 Performance Verification

V erifying DC voltage

Check DC voltage accuracy by applying accurate v oltages from the DC v oltage calibrator to
the Model 2016 INPUT jacks and verifying that the displayed readings fall within specified
limits.

CAUTION Do not exceed 1100V peak between INPUT HI and INPUT LO because

instrument damage may occur.

Follow these steps to verify DC voltage accuracy:

1. Connect the Model 2016 HI and LO INPUT jacks to the DC voltage calibrator as sho wn
in Figure 1-1.

NOTE Use shielded, low-thermal connections when testing the 100mV and 1V ranges to

avoid errors caused by noise or thermal ef fects. Connect the shield to the calibrator’ s
output LO terminal.

Figure 1-1

Connections for DC volts verification

Model 2016

LOCAL

POWER

TALK
LSTN
SRQ
SHIFT
TIMER

MATH

SHIFT

DCV

EX TRIG

SAVE SETUP

SOURCE

THD

SCAN

CH1REM

STEP CH2 CH3 CH4 CH5 CH6 CH7 CH8 CH9 CH10

HOLD TRIG FAST MED SLOW AUTO ERR

REL FILT

dBm

dB

DCI

LIMITS ON/OFFDELAY

STORE

CONFIG HALT

STEP SCAN

RECALL

CONT

ACI

DIGITS RATE

THD

ACV

HOLD

TRIG

MEAS

Ω2 Ω4

TEST

GPIB

CAL

RELFILTER

RS232

MATH
REAR

BUFFER

STAT

2016 THD MULTIMETER

PERIOD TCOUPL

FREQ

EXIT ENTER

4W

TEMP

RANGE

AUTO

RANGE

PEAK

350V

SENSE

Ω 4 WIRE

INPUTS

F

FRONT/REAR

Input HI

INPUT

HI

!

LO

R

3A 250V

AMPS

1000V

PEAK

500V
PEAK

Output HI

Input

DC Voltage Calibrator

LO

Output
LO

Note: Use shielded, low-thermal cables

for 100mV and 1V ranges.

Performance Verification 1-9

2. Select the DC volts function by pressing the DCV key, and set the Model 2016 to the
100mV range. Select the SLOW integration rate with the RATE key.

3. Set the calibrator output to 0.00000mV DC, and allow the reading to settle.

4. Enable the Model 2016 REL mode. Leave REL enabled for the remainder of the DC
volts verification tests.

5. Source positive and negati ve and full-scale v oltages for each of the ranges listed in Table
1-2. For each voltage setting, be sure that the reading is within stated limits.

Table 1-2

DCV reading limits

Range Applied DC voltage* Reading limits (1 year, 18°-28°C)

100mV
1V
10V
100V
1000V

*Source positive and negative values for each range.

100.0000mV

1.000000V

10.00000V

100.0000V

1000.000V

99.9915 to 100.0085mV

0.999963 to 1.000037V

9.99965 to 10.00035V

99.9949 to 100.0051V

999.949 to 1000.051V

1-10 Performance Verification

V erifying AC voltage

Check AC voltage accuracy by applying accurate AC voltages at specific frequencies from
the A C v oltage calibrator to the Model 2016 inputs and verifying that the displayed readings f all
within specified ranges.

CAUTION Do not exceed 1100 V peak between INPUT HI and INPUT LO, or 8 × 10

V•Hz input, because instrument damage may occur.

Follow these steps to verify AC voltage accuracy:

1. Connect the Model 2016 HI and LO INPUT jacks to the A C voltage calibrator as sho wn
in Figure 1-2.

7

Figure 1-2

Connections for AC volts verification

Note: Amplifier required only

for 700V, 50kHz output.

Model 2016

Ω2 Ω4

TEST

GPIB

CAL

RELFILTER

RS232

MATH
REAR

BUFFER

STAT

2016 THD MULTIMETER

PERIOD TCOUPL

FREQ

EXIT ENTER

4W

TEMP

RANGE

AUTO

RANGE

STEP CH2 CH3 CH4 CH5 CH6 CH7 CH8 CH9 CH10
TALK
LSTN
SRQ
SHIFT
TIMER

HOLD TRIG FAST MED SLOW AUTO ERR

MATH

SHIFT

DCV

LOCAL

EX TRIG

POWER

SAVE SETUP

SOURCE

THD

SCAN

CH1REM

REL FILT

dBm

dB

DCI

LIMITS ON/OFFDELAY

STORE

CONFIG HALT

STEP SCAN

RECALL

CONT

ACI

DIGITS RATE

THD

ACV

HOLD

TRIG

MEAS

SENSE

INPUT

Ω 4 WIRE

HI

350V

1000V

!

PEAK

PEAK

LO

500V

PEAK

INPUTS

F

R

FRONT/REAR

3A 250V

AMPS

Shielded cable

Input HI

Output HI

Input
LO

Output
LO

AC Voltage Amplifier

AC Voltage Calibrator

Performance Verification 1-11

2. Select the AC volts function by pressing the ACV key, then choose the SLOW integra­tion rate with the RATE key.

3. Set the Model 2016 for the 100mV range; make sure that REL is disabled.

4. Source 1kHz and 50kHz AC voltages for each of the ranges summarized in Table
1-3, and make sure that the respective Model 2016 readings fall within stated limits.

Table 1-3

ACV reading limits

ACV
range

100mV
1V
10V
100V
750V

*If the 5725A amplifier is not available, change the 700V @ 50kHz step to 220V @ 50kHz. Read-

ing limits for 220V @ 50kHz = 219.36 to 220.64V.

Applied AC
voltage

100.0000mV

1.000000V

10.00000V

100.0000V

700.000V*

1kHz reading limits
(1 year, 18°C-28°C)

99.910 to 100.090mV

0.99910 to 1.00090V

9.9910 to 10.0090V

99.910 to 100.090V

699.36 to 700.64V

50kHz reading limits
(1 year, 18°C-28°C)

99.830 to 100.170mV

0.99830 to 1.00170V

9.98300 to 10.0170V

99.830 to 100.170V

698.79 to 701.21V

1-12 Performance Verification

V erifying DC current

Check DC current accuracy by applying accurate DC currents from the DC current calibrator
to the AMPS input of the Model 2016 and v erifying that the displayed readings f all within spec­ified limits.

Follow these steps to verify DC current accuracy:

1. Connect the Model 2016 AMPS and INPUT LO jacks to the calibrator as shown in
Figure 1-3.

Figure 1-3

Connections for DC current verification

SHIFT

LOCAL

POWER

TALK
LSTN
SRQ
SHIFT

TIMER

MATH

DCV

EX TRIG

SAVE SETUP

SOURCE

THD

Model 2016

SCAN

CH1REM

STEP CH2 CH3 CH4 CH5 CH6 CH7 CH8 CH9 CH10

REL FILT

HOLD TRIG FAST MED SLOW AUTO ERR

dBm

THD

ACV

DCI

HOLD

LIMITS ON/OFFDELAY

TRIG

STORE

RECALL

CONFIG HALT

MEAS

STEP SCAN

BUFFER

dB

CONT

PERIOD TCOUPL

Ω2 Ω4

TEST

GPIB

DIGITS RATE

FREQ

CAL

RELFILTER

RS232

ACI

2. Select the DC current measurement function by pressing the DCI key, then choose the
SLOW integration rate with the RATE key.

3. Set the Model 2016 for the 10mA range.

4. Source positive and negati ve full-scale currents for each of the ranges listed in T able 1-4,
and verify that the readings for each range are within stated limits.

Table 1-4

DCI limits

DCI
range Applied DC current* Reading limits (1 year, 18°C-28°C)

10mA
100mA
1A
3A

MATH
REAR

4W

STAT

2016 THD MULTIMETER

TEMP

EXIT ENTER

SENSE

INPUT

Ω 4 WIRE

HI

350V

!

PEAK

LO

INPUTS

F

R

RANGE

AUTO

FRONT/REAR

3A 250V

RANGE

AMPS

10.0000mA

100.0000mA

1.000000A

2.20000A

1000V

PEAK

500V
PEAK

Input
LO

Output HI

Amps

Output
LO

DC Current Calibrator

Note: Be sure calibrator is set for

normal current output.

9.99460 to 10.00540mA

99.9100 to 100.0900mA

0.999160 to 1.000840A

2.197315 to 2.202685A

*Source positive and negative currents with values shown.

V erifying AC current

Check AC current accuracy by applying accurate AC voltage current at specific frequencies
from the A C current calibrator to the Model 2016 input and v erifying that the displayed readings
fall within specified limits. Follow these steps to verify AC current:

1. Connect the Model 2016 AMPS and INPUT LO jacks to the calibrator as shown in
Figure 1-4.

Figure 1-4

Connections for AC current verification

Model 2016

SENSE

LOCAL

POWER

TALK
LSTN
SRQ

SHIFT

TIMER

MATH

SHIFT

DCV

EX TRIG

SAVE SETUP

SOURCE

THD

SCAN

CH1REM

STEP CH2 CH3 CH4 CH5 CH6 CH7 CH8 CH9 CH10

REL FILT

HOLD TRIG FAST MED SLOW AUTO ERR

dBm

THD

ACV

DCI

HOLD

LIMITS ON/OFFDELAY

TRIG

STORE

RECALL

CONFIG HALT

MEAS

STEP SCAN

BUFFER

dB

CONT

Ω2 Ω4

TEST

GPIB

DIGITS RATE

PERIOD TCOUPL

CAL

RELFILTER

RS232

ACI

MATH
REAR

4W

STAT

2016 THD MULTIMETER

FREQ

TEMP

EXIT ENTER

RANGE

RANGE

Ω 4 WIRE

350V
PEAK

INPUTS

F

AUTO

FRONT/REAR

Amps

Performance Verification 1-13

INPUT

HI

!

LO

R

3A 250V

AMPS

1000V
PEAK

500V
PEAK

Output HI

Input
LO

Output
LO

AC Current Calibrator

2. Select the AC current function by pressing the ACI key , then choose the SLOW integra­tion rate with the RATE key.

3. Set the Model 2016 for the 1A range.

4. Source 1A and 2.2A, 1kHz full-scale A C currents as summarized in T able 1-5, and verify
that the readings are within stated limits.

Table 1-5

ACI limits

ACV
range Applied AC voltage Reading limits @ 1kHz (1 year, 18°C-28°C)

1A
3A

1.000000A

2.20000A

0.99860 to 1.00140A

2.1949 to 2.2051A

1-14 Performance Verification

V erifying resistance

Check resistance by connecting accurate resistance values to the Model 2016 and verifying

that its resistance readings are within the specified limits.

CAUTION Do not apply more than 1100V peak between INPUT HI and LO or more

than 350V peak between SENSE HI and LO, or instrument damage could
occur

Follow these steps to verify resistance accuracy:

1. Using shielded 4-wire connections, connect the Model 2016 INPUT and SENSE jacks
to the calibrator as shown in Figure 1-5.

.

Ω

Ω

Figure 1-5

Connections for resistance verification (100 Ω -10M Ω ranges)

Input
HI

Input
LO

Sense HI

Output
HI

Output
LO

SHIFT

LOCAL

POWER

TALK
LSTN
SRQ
SHIFT

TIMER

MATH

DCV

EX TRIG

SAVE SETUP

SOURCE

THD

Model 2016

SCAN

CH1REM

STEP CH2 CH3 CH4 CH5 CH6 CH7 CH8 CH9 CH10

REL FILT

HOLD TRIG FAST MED SLOW AUTO ERR

dBm

THD

ACV

DCI

HOLD

LIMITS ON/OFFDELAY

TRIG

STORE

RECALL

CONFIG HALT

MEAS

STEP SCAN

BUFFER

dB

CONT

PERIOD TCOUPL

Ω2 Ω4

TEST

GPIB

DIGITS RATE

FREQ

CAL

RELFILTER

RS232

ACI

Sense LO

MATH
REAR

4W

STAT

2016 THD MULTIMETER

TEMP

EXIT ENTER

Sense HI

RANGE

AUTO

RANGE

350V
PEAK

SENSE

Ω 4 WIRE

INPUTS

F

FRONT/REAR

INPUT

HI

1000V

!

PEAK

LO

500V
PEAK

R

3A 250V

AMPS

2. Set the calibrator for 4-wire resistance with external sense on.

3. Select the Model 2016 4-wire resistance function by pressing the
the SLOW integration rate with the RATE key.

4. Set the Model 2016 for the 100

5. Recalculate reading limits based on actual calibrator resistance values.

Resistance Calibrator

Sense LO

Note: Use shielded low-thermal cables to

minimize noise. Enable or disable
calibrator external sense as indicated
in procedure.

4 key, then choose

range, and make sure the FILTER is on.

6. Source the nominal full-scale resistance values for the 100Ω-10MΩ ranges summarized

in Table 1-6, and verify that the readings are within calculated limits.

7. Connect the Model 2016 INPUT and SENSE jacks to the calibrator as shown in Figure
1-6.

8. Disable external sense on the calibrator.

9. Set the Model 2016 for the 100MΩ range.

10. Source a nominal 100MΩ resistance value, and verify that the reading is within calcu­lated limits for the 100MΩ range.

Figure 1-6

Connections for resistance verification (100MΩ range)

Performance Verification 1-15

Model 2016

Ω2 Ω4

TEST

GPIB

CAL

RELFILTER

RS232

MATH
REAR

4W

BUFFER

STAT

2016 THD MULTIMETER

PERIOD TCOUPL

FREQ

TEMP

EXIT ENTER

POWER

TALK

LSTN

SRQ
SHIFT
TIMER

MATH

SHIFT

DCV

LOCAL

EX TRIG

SAVE SETUP

SOURCE

THD

SCAN

CH1REM

STEP CH2 CH3 CH4 CH5 CH6 CH7 CH8 CH9 CH10

REL FILT

HOLD TRIG FAST MED SLOW AUTO ERR

dBm

dB

DCI

LIMITS ON/OFFDELAY

STORE

CONFIG HALT

STEP SCAN

RECALL

CONT

ACI

DIGITS RATE

THD

ACV

HOLD

TRIG

MEAS

Sense LO

Table 1-6

Limits for resistance verification

Nominal

Ω Range

100Ω
1kΩ
10kΩ
100kΩ
1MΩ
10MΩ
100MΩ

resistance

100Ω
1kΩ
10kΩ
100kΩ
1MΩ
10MΩ
100MΩ

Resistance Calibrator

RANGE

RANGE

AUTO

Sense HI

SENSE

Ω 4 WIRE

HI

350V

!

PEAK

LO

INPUTS

F

R

FRONT/REAR

INPUT

3A 250V

AMPS

Input
HI

1000V

PEAK

500V

PEAK

Input
LO

Output
HI

Output
LO

Note: Use shielded cables to minimize noise.

Disable calibrator external sense mode.

Nominal reading limits
(1 year, 18°C-28°C) Recalculated limits*

99.9860 to 100.0140Ω

0.999890 to 1.000110kΩ

9.99890 to 10.00110kΩ

99.9890 to 100.0110kΩ

0.999890 to 1.000110MΩ

9.99590 to 10.00410MΩ

99.8470 to 100.1530MΩ

__________ to __________ Ω
__________ to __________ kΩ
__________ to __________ kΩ
__________ to __________ kΩ
__________ to __________ MΩ
__________ to __________ MΩ
__________ to __________ MΩ

*Calculate limits based on actual calibration resistance values and Model 2016 one-year resistance accuracy specifications. See

‘Verification limits’.

1-16 Performance Verification

V erifying temperature

Thermocouple temperature readings are derived from DC volt measurements. For that rea­son, it is not necessary to independently verify the accuracy of temperature measurements. As
long as the DC volts function meets or exceeds its specifications, temperature function accurac y
is automatically verified. Howe ver, temperature verification procedures are provided below for
those who wish to separately verify temperature accuracy.

1. Connect the DC voltage calibrator output terminals to the Model 2016 INPUT jacks
using low-thermal shielded connections. (Use 2-wire connections similar to those sho wn
in Figure 1-1.)

2. Configure the Model 2016 for °C units, type J temperature sensor, and 0°C simulated ref­erence junction as follows:

a. Press SHIFT, then SENSOR, and note the unit displays the temperature units:

UNITS: C. (If necessary, use the cursor and range keys to select °C units.)
b. Press ENTER. The unit then displays the thermocouple type: TYPE: J.
c. Select a type J temperature sensor, then press ENTER. The unit then displays the

reference junction type: JUNC: SIM.
d. Make certain that the simulated reference junction type is selected, then press

ENTER. The unit then displays the current simulated reference junction

temperature: SIM: 023.
e. Using the cursor and range keys, set the reference junction temperature to 0°C, then

press ENTER to complete the temperature configuration process.

3. Select the temperature function by pressing the TEMP key.

4. Source each of the voltages summarized in Table 1-7, and verify that the temperature
readings are within limits. Be sure to select the appropriate thermocouple type for each
group of readings. (See step 2 above.)

Table 1-7

Thermocouple temperature verification reading limits

Thermocouple
type

J

K

*Voltages shown are based on ITS-90 standard using 0°C reference junction tem-

perature. See text for procedure to set reference junction temperature.

Applied DC
voltage*

-7.659mV
0mV

42.280mV

-5.730mV
0mV

54.138mV

Reading limits
(1 year, 18°C-28°C)

-190.6 to -189.4°C

-0.5 to +0.5°C

749.5 to 750.5°C

-190.6 to -189.4°C

-0.5 to +0.5°C

1349.2 to 1350.8°C