Tektronix 2002 User manual

Model 2002

8.5 Digit Multimeter

Calibration Manual

2002-905-01 Rev. E September 2022

tek.com/keithley

*P2002B-905-01E*

2002-905-01E

Model 2002 Multimeter

Calibration Manual

© 2022, Keithley Instruments, LLC

Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.

All rights reserved.

Any unauthorized reproduction, photocopy, or use of the information herein,
in whole or in part, without the prior written approval of Keithley Instruments,
LLC, is strictly prohibited.

These are the original instructions in English.

All Keithley Instruments product names are trademarks or registered
trademarks of Keithley Instruments, LLC. Other brand names are
trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

Document number: 2002-905-01 Rev. E September 2022

Safety precautions

The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although
some instruments and accessories would normally be used with nonhazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous
conditions may be present.

This product is intended for use by personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required
to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation, operation, and maintenance information carefully before using the
product. Refer to the user documentation for complete product specifications.

If the product is used in a manner not specified, the protection provided by the product warranty may be impaired.

The types of product users are:

Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the
equipment is operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained.

Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the
instrument. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.

Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating properly, for example, setting the line
voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the user documentation. The procedures
explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel.

Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, perform safe installations, and repair products. Only properly trained
service personnel may perform installation and service procedures.

Keithley products are designed for use with electrical signals that are measurement, control, and data I/O connections, with low
transient overvoltages, and must not be directly connected to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient
overvoltages. Measurement Category II (as referenced in IEC 60664) connections require protection for high transient
overvoltages often associated with local AC mains connections. Certain Keithley measuring instruments may be connected to
mains. These instruments will be marked as category II or higher.

Unless explicitly allowed in the specifications, operating manual, and instrument labels, do not connect any instrument to mains.

Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test
fixtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than
30 V RMS, 42.4 V peak, or 60 VDC are present. A good safety practice is to expect that hazardous voltage is present in any
unknown circuit before measuring.

Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that operators
are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be exposed to potential
human contact. Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from the risk of electric shock. If
the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000 V, no conductive part of the circuit may be exposed.

Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance-limited
sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards, install protective
devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card.

Before operating an instrument, ensure that the line cord is connected to a properly-grounded power receptacle. Inspect the
connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.

When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate main input
power disconnect device must be provided in close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the operator.

For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under
test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before connecting or disconnecting
cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.

Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth)
ground. Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the
voltage being measured.

For safety, instruments and accessories must be used in accordance with the operating instructions. If the instruments or
accessories are used in a manner not specified in the operating instructions, the protection provided by the equipment may be
impaired.

Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories. Maximum signal levels are defined in the
specifications and operating information and shown on the instrument panels, test fixture panels, and switching cards.

When fuses are used in a product, replace with the same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard.

Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as protective earth (safety ground)
connections.

If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation requires the use
of a lid interlock.

If a screw is present, connect it to protective earth (safety ground) using the wire recommended in the user documentation.

The symbol on an instrument means caution, risk of hazard. The user must refer to the operating instructions located in the
user documentation in all cases where the symbol is marked on the instrument.

The symbol on an instrument means warning, risk of electric shock. Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal
contact with these voltages.

The symbol on an instrument shows that the surface may be hot. Avoid personal contact to prevent burns.

The symbol indicates a connection terminal to the equipment frame.

If this symbol is on a product, it indicates that mercury is present in the display lamp. Please note that the lamp must be
properly disposed of according to federal, state, and local laws.

The WARNING heading in the user documentation explains hazards that might result in personal injury or death. Always read
the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.

The CAUTION heading in the user documentation explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may
invalidate the warranty.

The CAUTION heading with the symbol in the user documentation explains hazards that could result in moderate or minor
injury or damage the instrument. Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated
procedure. Damage to the instrument may invalidate the warranty.

Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.

Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables.

To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement components in mains circuits — including the power
transformer, test leads, and input jacks — must be purchased from Keithley. Standard fuses with applicable national safety
approvals may be used if the rating and type are the same. The detachable mains power cord provided with the instrument may
only be replaced with a similarly rated power cord. Other components that are not safety-related may be purchased from other
suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component (note that selected parts should be purchased only through
Keithley to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product). If you are unsure about the applicability of a replacement
component, call a Keithley office for information.

Unless otherwise noted in product-specific literature, Keithley instruments are designed to operate indoors only, in the following
environment: Altitude at or below 2,000 m (6,562 ft); temperature 0 °C to 50 °C (32 °F to 122 °F); and pollution degree 1 or 2.

To clean an instrument, use a cloth dampened with deionized water or mild, water-based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the
instrument only. Do not apply cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that
consist of a circuit board with no case or chassis (e.g., a data acquisition board for installation into a computer) should never
require cleaning if handled according to instructions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is affected, the board
should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning/servicing.

Safety precaution revision as of June 2018.

Table of Contents

1 Performance Verification

1.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.2 Environmental conditions ................................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.3 Warm-up period .................................................................................................................................................. 1-1

1.4 Line power .......................................................................................................................................................... 1-2

1.5 Recommended test equipment ............................................................................................................................ 1-2

1.6 Verification limits ............................................................................................................................................... 1-2

1.6.1 Reading limit calculation example.............................................................................................................. 1-2

1.6.2 Additional derating factors.......................................................................................................................... 1-2

1.7 Restoring default conditions ............................................................................................................................... 1-2

1.8 Verification procedures....................................................................................................................................... 1-4

1.8.1 DC volts verification................................................................................................................................... 1-4

1.8.2 AC volts verification................................................................................................................................... 1-6

1.8.3 DC current verification ............................................................................................................................. 1-11

1.8.4 AC current verification ............................................................................................................................. 1-12

1.8.5 Resistance verification .............................................................................................................................. 1-13

1.8.6 Frequency accuracy verification ............................................................................................................... 1-15

1.8.7 Temperature reading checks ..................................................................................................................... 1-17

2 Calibration

2.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.2 Environmental conditions ................................................................................................................................... 2-2

2.3 Warm-up period .................................................................................................................................................. 2-2

2.4 Line power .......................................................................................................................................................... 2-2

2.5 Calibration lock................................................................................................................................................... 2-2

2.5.1 Comprehensive calibration lock.................................................................................................................. 2-2

2.5.2 Low-level calibration lock .......................................................................................................................... 2-2

2.5.3 IEEE-488 bus calibration lock status .......................................................................................................... 2-2

2.6 IEEE-488 bus calibration commands.................................................................................................................. 2-2

2.7 Calibration errors ................................................................................................................................................ 2-4

2.7.1 Front panel error reporting.......................................................................................................................... 2-4

2.7.2 IEEE-488 bus error reporting...................................................................................................................... 2-4

2.8 Comprehensive calibration ................................................................................................................................. 2-4

2.8.1 Recommended equipment for comprehensive calibration.......................................................................... 2-4

2.8.2 Front panel comprehensive calibration ....................................................................................................... 2-4

2.8.3 IEEE-488 bus comprehensive calibration................................................................................................... 2-9

2.9 AC self-calibration............................................................................................................................................ 2-12

2.9.1 Front panel AC calibration........................................................................................................................ 2-12

2.9.2 IEEE-488 bus AC self-calibration ............................................................................................................ 2-13

i

2.10 Low-level calibration......................................................................................................................................... 2-13

2.10.1 Recommended equipment for low-level calibration ................................................................................. 2-13

2.10.2 Low-level calibration summary................................................................................................................. 2-13

2.10.3 Front panel low-level calibration procedure.............................................................................................. 2-16

2.10.4 IEEE-488 bus low-level calibration procedure ......................................................................................... 2-20

2.11 Single-point calibration ..................................................................................................................................... 2-24

2.11.1 Front panel single-point calibration........................................................................................................... 2-24

2.11.2 IEEE-488 bus single-point calibration ...................................................................................................... 2-24

3 Calibration Command Reference

3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.2 Commands........................................................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.2.1 Command summary..................................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.3 :CALibration:PROTected Subsystem ................................................................................................................. 3-3

3.3.1 :INIT ............................................................................................................................................................ 3-3

3.3.2 :LOCK ......................................................................................................................................................... 3-3

3.3.3 :SWITch?..................................................................................................................................................... 3-4

3.3.4 :SAVE.......................................................................................................................................................... 3-4

3.3.5 :DATA? ....................................................................................................................................................... 3-4

3.3.6 :DATE ......................................................................................................................................................... 3-5

3.3.7 :NDUE......................................................................................................................................................... 3-5

3.3.8 :DC .............................................................................................................................................................. 3-6

3.3.9 :LLEVel..................................................................................................................................................... 3-11

3.4 :CALibration:UNPRotected Subsystem............................................................................................................ 3-13

3.4.1 :ACCompensation ..................................................................................................................................... 3-13

3.5 Bus error reporting ............................................................................................................................................ 3-13

3.5.1 Calibration error summary ........................................................................................................................ 3-13

3.5.2 Detecting Calibration Errors...................................................................................................................... 3-13

3.6 Detecting calibration step completion ............................................................................................................... 3-14

3.6.1 Using the *OPC? Query ............................................................................................................................ 3-14

3.6.2 Using the *OPC command ........................................................................................................................ 3-14

3.6.3 Generating an SRQ on calibration complete ............................................................................................. 3-14

APPENDICES

A Specifications ............................................................................................................................................. A-1

B Calibration Programs .................................................................................................................................. B-1

C Calibration Messages.................................................................................................................................. C-1

D Calibration Command Summary................................................................................................................ D-1

ii

List of Illustrations

1 Performance Verification

Figure 1-1 Connections for DC volts verification ........................................................................................................ 1-5

Figure 1-2 Connections for AC volts verification (all except 2MHz) .......................................................................... 1-7

Figure 1-3 Connections for 2MHz AC volts verification ............................................................................................. 1-7

Figure 1-4 Connections for DC current verification................................................................................................... 1-11

Figure 1-5 Connections for AC current verification................................................................................................... 1-12

Figure 1-6 Connections for resistance verification (20 Ω -2M Ω ranges)..................................................................... 1-14

Figure 1-7 Connections for resistance verification (20M Ω and 200M Ω ranges)....................................................... 1-14

Figure 1-8 1G Ω resistor test box construction............................................................................................................ 1-15

Figure 1-9 Connections for frequency accuracy verification ..................................................................................... 1-16

2 Calibration

Figure 2-1 Low-thermal short connections................................................................................................................... 2-5

Figure 2-2 Calibrator connections for DC volts and ohms portion of comprehensive calibration............................... 2-6

Figure 2-3 Connections for amps comprehensive calibration ...................................................................................... 2-8

Figure 2-4 Calibrator voltage connections.................................................................................................................. 2-18

Figure 2-5 Synthesizer connections............................................................................................................................ 2-20

APPENDICES

Figure B-1 Low-thermal short connections.................................................................................................................. B-3

Figure B-2 Connections for comprehensive calibration............................................................................................... B-4

Figure B-3 Calibrator voltage connections................................................................................................................... B-4

Figure B-4 Calibrator current connections ................................................................................................................... B-4

Figure B-5 Synthesizer connections............................................................................................................................. B-5

iii

List of Tables

1 Performance Verification

Table 1-1 Recommended Test Equipment for Performance Verification.................................................................. 1-3

Table 1-2 Limits for DCV verification....................................................................................................................... 1-5

Table 1-3 Limits for normal mode AC voltage verification....................................................................................... 1-8

Table 1-4 Limits for low-frequency mode AC voltage verification........................................................................... 1-9

Table 1-5 Limits for AC peak voltage verification .................................................................................................. 1-10

Table 1-6 Limits for DC current verification ........................................................................................................... 1-11

Table 1-7 Limits for AC current verification ........................................................................................................... 1-13

Table 1-8 Limits for resistance verification (20 Ω -200M Ω ranges) ......................................................................... 1-15

Table 1-9 Limits for resistance verification (1G Ω range)........................................................................................ 1-15

Table 1-10 Frequency verification limits ................................................................................................................... 1-16

Table 1-11 Thermocouple temperature reading checks ............................................................................................. 1-17

Table 1-12 RTD probe temperature reading checks................................................................................................... 1-18

2 Calibration

Table 2-1 IEEE-488 bus calibration command summary .......................................................................................... 2-3

Table 2-2 Recommended equipment for comprehensive calibration......................................................................... 2-4

Table 2-3 Front panel comprehensive calibration summary ...................................................................................... 2-5

Table 2-4 IEEE-488 bus comprehensive calibration summary.................................................................................. 2-9

Table 2-5 Ohms calibration summary ...................................................................................................................... 2-11

Table 2-6 Amps calibration summary ...................................................................................................................... 2-12

Table 2-7 Recommended equipment for low-level calibration................................................................................ 2-14

Table 2-8 Low-level calibration summary ............................................................................................................... 2-15

Table 2-9 Ohms calibration summary ...................................................................................................................... 2-22

Table 2-10 Amps calibration summary ...................................................................................................................... 2-22

3 Calibration Command Reference

Table 3-1 IEEE-488 bus calibration command summary .......................................................................................... 3-2

Table 3-2 Comprehensive calibration commands ...................................................................................................... 3-6

Table 3-3 Low-level calibration commands............................................................................................................. 3-11

Appendices

Table B-1 Recommended equipment for comprehensive calibration......................................................................... B-2

Table B-2 Recommended equipment for low-level calibration.................................................................................. B-2

Table C-1 Calibration error messages......................................................................................................................... C-2

Table C-2 Calibration constants returned by :CAL:PROT:DATA? query................................................................. C-4

Table D-1 Calibration commands ............................................................................................................................... D-1

v

Performance Verification

1

1.1 Introduction

The procedures in this section are intended to verify that
Model 2002 accuracy is within the limits stated in the instru­ment one-year accuracy specifications. These procedures can
be performed when the instrument is first received to ensure
that no damage or misadjustment has occurred during ship­ment. Verification may also be performed whenever there is
a question of instrument accuracy, or following calibration,
if desired.

NOTE

If the instrument is still under warranty,
and its performance is outside specified
limits, contact your Keithley representa­tive or the factory to determine the correct
course of action.

This section includes the following:

1.2 Environmental conditions: Covers the temperature

and humidity limits for verification.

1.3 Warm-up period: Describes the length of time the

Model 2002 should be allowed to warm up before
testing.

1.4 Line power: Covers power line voltage ranges during

testing.

1.5 Recommended equipment: Summarizes recom-

mended equipment and pertinent specifications.

1.6 Verification limits: Explains how reading limits were

calculated.

1.7 Restoring factory default conditions: Gives step-by-

step procedures for restoring default conditions before
each test procedure.

1.8 Verification procedures: Details procedures to verify

measurement accuracy of all Model 2002 measure­ment functions.

1.2 Environmental conditions

Verification measurements should be made at an ambient
temperature of 18–28°C (65–82°F), and at a relative humid­ity of less than 80% unless otherwise noted.

1.3 Warm-up period

The Model 2002 must be allowed to warm up for the
following time period before performing the verification
procedures:

• DC volts and ohms: four hours

• AC volts, AC current, DC current: one hour

If the instrument has been subjected to temperature extremes
(outside the range stated in paragraph 1.2), allow additional
time for internal temperatures to stabilize. Typically, it takes
one additional hour to stabilize a unit that is 10°C (18°F) out­side the specified temperature range.

The test equipment should also be allowed to warm up for
the minimum period specified by the manufacturer.

1-1

Performance Verification

×

1.4 Line power

The Model 2002 should be tested while operating from a line
voltage in the range of 90–134V or 180–250V at a frequency
of 50, 60, or 400Hz.

1.5 Recommended test equipment

Table 1-1 lists all test equipment required for verification.
Alternate equipment may be used as long as that equipment
has specifications at least as good as those listed in the table.

NOTE

The calibrator listed in Table 1-1 is suffi­ciently accurate to verify Model 2002
accuracy to total factory calibration uncer­tainty. It is not accurate enough to verify
Model 2002 relative accuracy specifica­tions alone.

1.6 Verification limits

The verification limits stated in this section have been calcu­lated using the Model 2002 one-year relative accuracy spec­ifications and the total absolute uncertainty of the factory
recommended calibrator (see Table 1-1). DCV, DCI, and
ohms limits also include factory calibration uncertainty. (See
specifications.) Those who are using calibration sources with
better absolute uncertainty should recalculate the limits us­ing the Model 2002 relative accuracy specifications, the ab­solute uncertainty specifications of the calibration sources,
and factory calibration uncertainty (DCV, DCI, and ohms).

1.6.1 Reading limit calculation example

As an example of how reading limits are calculated, assume
that the 20VDC range is being tested using a 19V input val­ue, and the various specifications are as follows:

• Model 2002 relative accuracy: ±(10ppm of reading +

0.15ppm of range)

• Model 2002 factory calibration uncertainty: ±2.6ppm
of reading

• Calibrator total absolute uncertainty at 19V output:
±5.4ppm

The calculated limits are:

Reading limits = 19V ± [(19V × (10ppm + 2.6ppm)) + (20V

0.15ppm) + 19V × 5.4ppm]

Reading limits = 19V ± 0.000345V

Reading limits = 18.999655V to 19.000345V

1.6.2 Additional derating factors

Certain functions and ranges are subject to certain derating
factors that must be included when calculating reading
limits. For example, coupling errors must be added to low­frequency AC limits, while AC voltage limits for inputs
above 100V are subject to additional derating factors.

Always read the associated specification notes to determine
if any derating factors apply before calculating reading
limits.

1.7 Restoring default conditions

Before performing each performance verification procedure,
restore instrument bench default conditions as follows:

1. From the normal display mode, press the MENU key.
The instrument will display the following:

MAIN MENU

SAVESETUP GPIB CALIBRATION

2. Select SAVESETUP, and press ENTER. The following
will be displayed:

SETUP MENU

SAVE RESTORE POWERON RESET

3. Select RESET, and press ENTER. The display will then
appear as follows:

RESET ORIGINAL DFLTS

BENCH GPIB

4. Select BENCH, then press ENTER. The following will
be displayed:

RESETTING INSTRUMENT

ENTER to confirm; EXIT to abort

5. Press ENTER again to confirm instrument reset. The in­strument will return to the normal display with bench
defaults restored.

1-2

Performance Verification

Table 1-1

Recommended Test Equipment for Performance Verification

Mfg. Model Description Specifications*

Fluke 5700A Calibrator ±5ppm basic uncertainty.

DC Voltage:

190mV: ±11ppm

1.9V: ±7ppm
19V: ±5ppm
190V: ±7ppm
1000V: ±9ppm

AC Voltage, 10Hz-1MHz

(40Hz-20kHz specifications):
190mV: ±150ppm

1.9V: ±78ppm
19V: ±78ppm
190V: ±85ppm
750V: ±85ppm (50Hz-1kHz)

DC current:

190µA: ±103ppm

1.9mA: ±55ppm
19mA: ±55ppm
190mA: ±65ppm

1.9A: ±96ppm

AC Current, 40Hz-10kHz

(40Hz-1kHz specifications):
190µA: ±245ppm

1.9mA: ±160ppm
19mA: ±160ppm
190mA: ±170ppm

1.9A: ±670ppm

Resistance:

19Ω: ±26ppm
190Ω: ±17ppm

1.9kΩ: ±12ppm
19kΩ: ±11ppm
190kΩ: ±13ppm

1.9MΩ: ±19ppm
19MΩ: ±47ppm
100MΩ: ±120ppm

Fluke 5725A Amplifier AC Voltage, 1kHz-10kHz:

Fluke 5700A-03 Wideband AC option 190mV ± 0.22%, 1.9V ± 0.3% @ 2MHz

Fluke 5440A-7002 Low-thermal cable set

Keithley CA-18-1 Low-capacitance cable Low-capacitance dual banana to dual banana shielded cable (for

Keithley R-289-1G 1GΩ resistor NOTE: Resistor should be characterized to within ±1,000ppm and

Metal component box (for 1GΩ
resistor)

Banana plugs (2) for test box One insulated, one non-insulated.

Keithley 3940 Multifunction Synthesizer 1Hz-15MHz, ±5ppm

General
Radio

— — Megaohmmeter 1GΩ, ±0.5%

* 90-day calibrator specifications shown include total absolute uncertainty at specified output.

1433-T Precision Decade Resistance Box 10-400Ω, ±0.02%

750V: ±85ppm

ACV), 1.2m (4 ft.) in length.

mounted in shielded test box (see procedure).

1-3

Performance Verification

1.8 Verification procedures

The following paragraphs contain procedures for verifying
instrument accuracy specifications for the following measur­ing functions:

• DC volts

• AC volts

• DC current

• AC current

• Resistance

• Frequency

• Temperature

NOTE

The following verification procedures are
intended to verify the accuracy of the
Model 2002 and include reading limits
based on the Model 2002 relative accuracy
specifications and the total uncertainty of
the recommended calibrator. DCV, DCI,
and ohms limits include factory calibra­tion uncertainty.

1.8.1 DC volts verification

DC voltage accuracy is verified by applying accurate DC
voltages from a calibrator to the Model 2002 input and veri­fying that the displayed readings fall within specified ranges.

Follow the steps below to verify DCV measurement
accuracy.

CAUTION

Do not exceed 1100V peak between IN­PUT HI and INPUT LO, or instrument
damage may occur.

1. Connect the Model 2002 to the calibrator, as shown in
Figure 1-1. Be sure to connect calibrator HI to Model
2002 INPUT HI and calibrator LO to Model 2002
INPUT LO as shown.

NOTE

Use shielded, low-thermal connections
when testing the 200mV and 2V ranges to
avoid errors caused by noise or thermal
offsets. Connect the shield to calibrator
output LO.

If the Model 2002 is out of specifications and not under war­ranty, refer to the calibration procedures in Section 2.

WARNING

The maximum common-mode voltage
(voltage between INPUT LO and chas­sis ground) is 500V peak. Exceeding this
value may cause a breakdown in insula­tion, creating a shock hazard. Some of
the procedures in this section may
expose you to dangerous voltages. Use
standard safety precautions when such
dangerous voltages are encountered to
avoid personal injury caused by electric
shock.

NOTE

Do not connect test equipment to the
Model 2002 through a scanner or other
switching equipment.

2. Turn on the Model 2002 and the calibrator, and allow
a four-hour warm-up period before making
measurements.

3. Restore Model 2002 factory default conditions, as
explained in paragraph 1.7.

4. Set Model 2002 operating modes as follows:
A. From normal display, press CONFIG then DCV.
B. Select SPEED, then press ENTER.
C. Select HIACCURACY, then press ENTER.
D. Select FILTER, then press ENTER.
E. Select AVERAGING, then press ENTER.
F. Using the cursor and range keys, set the averaging

parameter to 10 readings, then press ENTER.

G. Press EXIT to return to normal display.

5. Select the Model 2002 200mV DC range. (If the FILT
annunciator is off, press the FILTER key to enable the
filter.)

NOTE

Do not use auto-ranging for any of the ver­ification tests because auto-range hystere­sis may cause the Model 2002 to be on an
incorrect range.

1-4

Performance Verification

6. Set the calibrator output to 0.00000mVDC, and allow
the reading to settle.

7. Enable the Model 2002 REL mode. Leave REL enabled
for the remainder of the DC volts verification test.

8. Set the calibrator output to +190.00000mVDC, and
allow the reading to settle.

9. Verify that the Model 2002 reading is within the limits
summarized in Table 1-2.

10. Repeat steps 8 and 9 for the remaining ranges and volt­ages listed in Table 1-2.

11. Repeat the procedure for each of the ranges with nega­tive voltages of the same magnitude as those listed in
Table 1-2.

Input HI

Model 2002

Output HI

Table 1-2

Limits for DCV verification

2002
DCV
Range

Applied DC
Voltage

Reading Limits
(1 year, 18° to 28°C)

200mV 190.000000mV 189.991911mV to 190.008089mV

2V 1.90000000V 1.89996058 to 1.90003942V

20V 19.0000000V 18.9996550V to 19.0003450V

200V 190.000000V 189.993691V to 190.006309V

1000V 1000.0000V 999.94640V to 1000.05360V

NOTES:

1. Repeat procedure for negative voltages of same magnitude.

2. Reading limits shown include total absolute uncertainty of recommended
calibrator (see Table 1-1) and factory calibration uncertainty (see
specifications).

5700A Calibrator (Output DC Voltage)

2002 MULTIMETER

Figure 1-1

Connections for DC volts verification

Input
LO

Note : Use shielded, low-thermal cables
when testing 200mV and 2V ranges.

Output
LO

1-5

Performance Verification

1.8.2 AC volts verification

AC voltage accuracy is checked by applying accurate AC
voltages at specific frequencies from an AC calibration
source and then verifying that each Model 2002 AC voltage
reading falls within the specified range. The two ACV verifi­cation procedures that follow include:

• Normal Mode

• Low-frequency Mode

CAUTION

Do not exceed 1100V peak between IN­PUT HI and INPUT LO, or 2 ×

7

10

V•Hz input, or instrument damage

may occur.

Normal mode

1. Turn on the Model 2002, calibrator, and amplifier, and
allow a one-hour warm-up period before making
measurements.

2. Connect the Model 2002 to the calibrator, as shown in
Figure 1-2. Be sure to connect amplifier HI to Model
2002 INPUT HI and amplifier LO to Model 2002
INPUT LO as shown. Connect the power amplifier to
the calibrator using the appropriate connector on the
rear of the calibrator.

3. Restore Model 2002 factory default conditions, as ex­plained in paragraph 1.7.

4. Select the ACV function and the 200mV range on the
Model 2002, and make sure that REL is disabled.

NOTE

Do not use REL to null offsets when per­forming AC volts tests. Also, do not enable
the filter.

5. Set the calibrator output to 190.000mVAC at a fre­quency of 100Hz, and allow the reading to settle.

6. Verify that the Model 2002 reading is within the limits
summarized in Table 1-3.

7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 for 190mVAC at the remaining fre­quencies listed in Table 1-3 (except 2MHz). Verify that
instrument readings fall within the required limits listed
in the table.

8. Repeat steps 5 through 7 for the 2V, 20V, 200V, and
750VAC ranges using the input voltages and limits
stated in Table 1-3.

9. Connect the Model 2002 to the wideband calibrator out­put (see Figure 1-3).

10. Set the calibrator output to 190.000mV at a frequency of
2MHz.

11. Verify that the reading is within the limits shown in
Table 1-3.

12. Repeat steps 10 and 11 for 1.90000V input on the 2V
range.

CAUTION

Do not attempt to test the 20V–1000V
ranges at 2MHz.

1-6

Performance Verification

5725 Amplifier (Connect to calibrator)

Model 2002

1.90000 VAC RMS

2001 MULTIMETER

Input HI

Output HI

Input
LO

CA-18-1 Low-

capacitance cable

Figure 1-2

Connections for AC volts verification (all except 2MHz)

BNC to dual

banana

50Ω

terminator

Model 2002

Output
LO

5700A Calibrator (Output AC Voltage)

5725 Amplifier (Connect to calibrator)

1.90000 VAC RMS

2002 MULTIMETER

50Ω Coax

Figure 1-3

Connections for 2MHz AC volts verification

5700A Calibrator (Output AC Voltage)

Wideband

output

1-7

Performance Verification

Table 1-3

Limits for normal mode AC voltage verification

*

180.100mVto199.900mV

186.000mVto194.000mV

1.80100Vto1.99900V

1.86000Vto1.94000V

18.2000Vto19.8000V

***

188.525mVto191.475mV

1.88525Vto1.91475V

18.8525Vto19.1475V

to

190.607V

189.393V

189.830Vto190.170V

189.868Vto190.132V

*****

748.87Vto751.13V

190.115mV

1.89400Vto1.90600V

to

1.89885V

1.89933Vto1.90068V

189.400mVto190.600mV

to

189.885mV

Reading limits (1 year, 18°C to 28°C)

189.933mVto190.068mV

1.90115V

18.9400Vto19.0600V

18.9837Vto19.0163V

18.9875Vto19.0125V

1-8

2002

Applied

ACV

100Hz 1kHz 5kHz 25kHz 50kHz 100kHz 200kHz 1MHz 2MHz

voltage

range

189.942mVto190.058mV

189.942mVto190.058mV

to

200mV 190.000mV 189.914mV

190.087mV

1.89942Vto1.90058V

1.89942Vto1.90058V

to

1.90087V

2V 1.90000V 1.89914V

18.9894Vto19.0106V

18.9913Vto19.0087V

to

19.0116V

20V 19.0000V 18.9885V

to

190.113V

189.887V

189.906Vto190.094V

to

190.122V

200V 190.000V 189.878V

749.02Vto750.98V

749.09Vto750.91V

V•Hz input.

to

7

751.02V

750V 750.00V 748.98V

** CAUTION: Do not exceed 2 × 10

** Use wideband option and connections for 2MHz tests.

NOTE: Reading limits shown include total absolute uncertainty of recommended calibrator (see Table 1-1). Reading limits also include the adder for AC Coupling of the input.

Performance Verification

Table 1-4

Limits for low-frequency mode AC voltage verification

2002 ACV

range

Applied

voltage

Reading limits (1 year, 18°C to 28°C)

10Hz 50Hz 100Hz

200mV 190.000mV 189.837mV

to

190.163mV

189.904mV

to

190.097mV

189.923mV
to

190.077mV

2V 1.90000V 1.89875V

to

1.90125V

1.89923V
to

1.90078V

1.89942V
to

1.90058V

20V 19.0000V 18.9837V

to

19.0163V

18.9904V
to

19.0097V

18.9913V
to

19.0087V

200V 190.000V 189.849V

to

190.151V

189.906V
to

190.094V

189.906V
to

190.094V

750V 750.00V * 749.09V

to

750.91V

749.09V
to

750.91V

* Recommended calibrator/amplifier cannot source this voltage/frequency.
Notes:

1. Specifications above 100Hz are the same as normal mode.

2. Limits shown include total absolute uncertainty of recommended calibrator (see Table 1-1).

Low-frequency mode

1. Turn on the Model 2002, calibrator, and amplifier, and
allow a one-hour warm-up period before making
measurements.

2. Connect the Model 2002 to the calibrator, as shown in
Figure 1-2. Be sure to connect the amplifier HI to Model
2002 INPUT HI and amplifier LO to Model 2002
INPUT LO as shown. Connect the power amplifier to
the calibrator using the appropriate connector on the
rear of the calibrator.

3. Restore Model 2002 factory default conditions, as
explained in paragraph 1.7.

4. Select the ACV function and the 200mV range on the
Model 2002, and make sure that REL is disabled.

NOTE

Do not use REL to null offsets when per­forming AC volts tests. Also, do not enable
the filter.

5. Select the low-frequency mode as follows:
A. Press CONFIG ACV, select AC-TYPE, then press

ENTER.
B. Select LOW-FREQ-RMS, then press ENTER.
C. Press EXIT as required to return to normal display.

6. Set the calibrator output to 190.000mVAC at a fre­quency of 10Hz, and allow the reading to settle.

7. Verify that the Model 2002 reading is within the limits
summarized in Table 1-4.

8. Repeat steps 6 and 7 for 190mVAC at the remaining fre­quencies listed in the table.

9. Repeat steps 6 through 8 for the 2V, 20V, 200V, and
750VAC ranges, using the input voltages and limits
stated in Table 1-4.

1-9

Performance Verification

AC peak mode

1. Turn on the Model 2002, calibrator, and amplifier, and
allow a one-hour warm-up period before making
measurements.

2. Connect the Model 2002 to the calibrator, as shown in
Figure 1-2. Be sure to connect the amplifier HI to Model
2002 INPUT HI, and the amplifier LO to MODEL 2002
INPUT LO as shown. Connect the power amplifier to
the calibrator using the appropriate connector on the
rear of the calibrator.

3. Restore the Model 2002 factory default conditions.

4. Select the ACV function and the 200mV range on the
Model 2002, and make sure that REL is disabled.

NOTE

Do not use REL to null offsets when per­forming AC volts tests. Use AC coupling
for 5kHz-1MHz tests. Use AC+DC cou­pling for 20Hz tests. (Use CONFIG-ACV
to set up coupling).

5. Select the AC peak and filter modes as follows:
A. Press CONFIG then ACV, select AC-TYPE, then

press ENTER.

B. Select PEAK, then press ENTER.
C. Select FILTER, then press ENTER.
D. Select AVERAGING, then press ENTER.
E. Using the cursor and range keys, set the averaging

parameter to 10 readings, then press ENTER.
F. Press EXIT as necessary to return to normal display.
G. If the FLT annunciator is off, press FILTER to

enable the filter.

6. Set the calibrator output to 100.000mVAC at a fre­quency of 5kHz, and allow the reading to settle.

7. Verify that the Model 2002 reading is within the limits
summarized in Table 1-5.

8. Repeat steps 6 and 7 for 100mVAC at the remaining fre­quencies listed in the table.

9. Repeat steps 6 through 8 for the 2V, 20V, 200V, and
750VAC ranges, using the input voltages and limits
stated in Table 1-6.

CAUTION

Do not apply more than 400V at 50kHz,
80V at 250kHz, 40V at 500kHz, or 20V
at 1MHz, or instrument damage may
occur.

10. Set input coupling to AC+DC, then repeat the procedure
for a 20Hz input signal.

Table 1-5

Limits for AC peak voltage verification

2002
ACV
range

200mV 100mV 139.9mV

2V 1V 1.407V

20V 10V 13.99V

200V 100V 140.7V

Applied
voltage*

20Hz† 5kHz 25kHz 50kHz 100kHz 250kHz 500kHz 750kHz 1MHz

139.9mV

to

142.9mV

to

142.9mV

1.407V

to

1.421V

to

1.421V

13.99V

to

14.30V

to

14.30V

140.7V

to

142.2V

to

142.2V

750V 500V — 701.3V

to

712.9V

** Calibrator voltage is given as an RMS value. Model 2002 reading limits are peak AC values.

** CAUTION: Do not apply more than 2 × 10
† Use AC+DC input coupling for 20Hz tests only. (Use CONFIG-ACV to set coupling.)
NOTE: Limits shown include uncertainty of recommended calibrator.

7

V•Hz.

Allowable readings (1 year, 18°C to 28°C)

139.9mV
to

143.0mV

1.407V
to

1.422V

13.98V
to

14.30V

140.6V
to

142.2V

701.0V

139.8mV
to

143.0mV

1.406V
to

1.422V

13.98V
to

14.31V

140.6V
to

142.3V

139.7mV
to

143.2mV

1.405V
to

1.424V

13.97V
to

14.32V

140.5V
to

142.4V

** ** ** ** ** **

to

713.2V

138.6mV
to

144.2mV

1.394V
to

1.434V

13.86V
to

14.42V

136.5mV
to

146.4mV

1.373V
to

1.456V

13.65V
to

14.64V

132.2mV
to

150.6mV

1.330V
to

1.498V

13.22V
to

15.06V

** ** ** **

127.3mV
to

155.5mV

1.281V
to

1.547V

12.73V
to

15.55V

1-10

Performance Verification

1.8.3 DC current verification

DC current accuracy is checked by applying accurate DC
currents from a calibrator to the instrument AMPS input and
then verifying that the current readings fall within appropri­ate limits.

Follow the steps below to verify DCI measurement accuracy.

CAUTION

Do not apply more than 2A, 250V to the
AMPS input, or the amps protection
fuse will blow.

1. Connect the Model 2002 to the calibrator, as shown in
Figure 1-4. Be sure to connect calibrator HI to the
AMPS input, and connect calibrator LO to INPUT LO
as shown.

2. Turn on the Model 2002 and the calibrator, and allow a
one-hour warm-up period before making measure­ments. Be sure the calibrator is set for normal current
output.

3. Restore Model 2002 factory default conditions, as
explained in paragraph 1.7.

4. Set digital filter averaging as follows:
A. From normal display, press CONFIG then DCI.
B. Select FILTER, then press ENTER.
C. Select AVERAGING, then press ENTER.
D. Using the cursor and range keys, set the averaging

parameter to 10 readings, then press ENTER.

E. Press EXIT as necessary to return to normal display.

5. Select the DC current function (DCI) and the 200µA
range on the Model 2002. (If the FILT annunciator is off,
press the FILTER key to enable the filter.)

6. Set the calibrator output to +190.0000µADC, and allow
the reading to settle.

7. Verify that the Model 2002 reading is within the limits
summarized in Table 1-6.

8. Repeat steps 6 and 7 for the remaining ranges and cur­rents listed in Table 1-6.

9. Repeat the procedure for each of the ranges with nega­tive currents of the same magnitude as those listed in
Table 1-6.

Table 1-6

Limits for DC current verification

2002
DCI
range

Applied DC
current

Reading limits
(1 year, 18°C to 28°C)

200µA 190.0000µA 189.9010µA to 190.0990µA

2mA 1.900000mA 1.899114mA to 1.900886mA

20mA 19.00000mA 18.99085mA to 19.00915mA

200mA 190.0000mA 189.8816mA to 190.1184mA

2A 1.900000A 1.898108A to 1.901892A

NOTES:

1. Repeat procedure for negative currents.

2. Reading limits shown include total absolute uncertainty of recom-

mended calibrator (see Table 1-1) and factory calibration uncertainty
(see specifications).

Model 2002

19.00000 mADC

2002 MULTIMETER

Figure 1-4

Connections for DC current verification

Input
LO

Amps

5700A Calibrator (Output DC Current)

Output HI

Output
LO

Note: Be sure calibrator is set for

normal current output.

1-11

Performance Verification

1.8.4 AC current verification

AC current verification is performed by applying accurate
AC currents at specific frequencies and then verifying that
Model 2002 readings fall within specified limits.

Follow the steps below to verify ACI measurement accuracy.

CAUTION

Do not apply more than 2A, 250V to the
AMPS input, or the current protection
fuse will blow.

1. Connect the Model 2002 to the calibrator, as shown in
Figure 1-5. Be sure to connect calibrator HI to the
AMPS input, and connect calibrator LO to INPUT LO
as shown.

Model 2002

190.000 µAAC RMS

2002 MULTIMETER

Input
LO

Output HI

2. Turn on the Model 2002 and the calibrator, and allow a
one-hour warm-up period before making measure­ments. Be sure the calibrator is set for normal current
output.

3. Restore Model 2002 factory default conditions, as
explained in paragraph 1.7.

4. Select the AC current function and the 200µA range on
the Model 2002.

5. Set the calibrator output to 190.000µA AC at a fre­quency of 40Hz, and allow the reading to settle.

6. Verify that the Model 2002 reading is within the limits
for the present current and frequency summarized in
Table 1-7.

7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 for each frequency listed in Table
1-7.

8. Repeat steps 5 through 7 for the remaining ranges and
frequencies listed in Table 1-7.

5700A Calibrator (Output AC Current)

Figure 1-5

Connections for AC current verification

Amps

Output
LO

Note: Be sure calibrator is set for

normal current output.

1-12

Table 1-7

Limits for AC current verification

Performance Verification

2002 ACI

range

200µA 190.000µA 188.260mV

2mA 1.90000mA 1.88355V

20mA 19.0000mA 18.8355V

200mA 190.000mA 188.355V

2A 1.90000A 1.88250V

NOTE: Reading limits shown include total absolute uncertainty of recommended calibrator (see Table 1-1).

Applied AC

current

40Hz 100Hz 1kHz 10kHz

to

191.740mV

to

1.91645V

to

19.1645V

to

191.645V

to

1.91750V

1.8.5 Resistance verification

Resistance verification is performed by connecting accurate
resistance values to the instrument and verifying that Model
2002 resistance readings are within stated limits.

Follow the steps below to verify resistance measurement
accuracy.

CAUTION

Do not apply more than 1100V peak
between INPUT HI and LO or more
than 150V peak between SENSE HI and
LO, or instrument damage may occur.

20Ω – 2M range verification

1. Using shielded 4-wire connections, connect the Model
2002 to the calibrator, as shown in Figure 1-6. Be sure
to connect calibrator HI and LO terminals to the Model
2002 HI and LO terminals (including SENSE HI and
LO) as shown.

2. Turn on the Model 2002 and the calibrator, and allow a
four-hour warm-up period before making
measurements.

3. Set the calibrator for 4-wire resistance (external sense
on).

4. Restore Model 2002 factory default conditions, as
explained in paragraph 1.7.

Reading limits (1 year, 18°C to 28°C)

189.562mV
to

190.439mV

1.89657V
to

1.90344V

18.9657V
to

19.0344V

189.657V
to

190.344V

1.89552V
to

1.90449V

5. Set Model 2002 operating modes as follows:

A. From normal display, press CONFIG then Ω4.
B. Select SPEED, then press ENTER.
C. Select HIACCURACY, then press ENTER.
D. Select FILTER, then press ENTER.
E. Select AVERAGING, then press ENTER.
F. Using the cursor and range keys, set the averaging

parameter to 10 readings, then press ENTER.
G. Select OFFSETCOMP, then press ENTER.
H. Select ON, then press ENTER. (Note that OFFSET-

COMP cannot be used with the 200kΩ and 2MΩ

ranges.)
I. Press EXIT to return to normal display.

6. Select the Ω4 function, and place the instrument on the
20Ω range. (If the FILT annunciator is off, press the
FILTER key to enable the filter.)

7. Set the calibrator to output 19Ω, and allow the reading
to settle. Verify that the reading is within the limits stat­ed in Table 1-8.

Resistance values available in the Model
5700A calibrator may be slightly different
than the stated nominal resistance values.
Limits stated in Table 1-8 should be recal­culated based on actual calibrator resis­tance values.

189.210mV
to

190.790mV

1.89742V
to

1.90258V

18.9742V
to

19.0258V

189.742V
to

190.258V

1.89390V
to

1.90610V

NOTE

189.020mV
to

190.980mV

1.89742V
to

1.90258V

18.9742V
to

19.0258V

189.685V
to

190.315V

1.89105V
to

1.90895V

1-13

Performance Verification

8. Set the calibrator output to 190Ω, and allow the reading

to settle.

9. Verify that the reading is within the limits stated in Table
1-8. (NOTE: Recalculate limits if calibrator resistance is
not exactly as listed.)

10. Repeat steps 8 and 9 for the 2kΩ through 2MΩ ranges

using the values listed in Table 1-8. (Do not use offset
compensation for the 200kΩ and 2MΩ ranges.)

20MΩ and 200MΩ range verification

1. Connect the DC calibrator and Model 2002 using the 2­wire connections shown in Figure 1-7.

2. Set the calibrator to the 2-wire mode (external sense
off).

3. Set Model 2002 operating modes as follows:

Sense HI

Sense HI

Model 2002

Input HI

1.90000000 kΩ OCmp

2002 MULTIMETER

Output HI

A. From normal display, press CONFIG then Ω2.
B. Select SPEED, then press ENTER.
C. Select HIACCURACY, then press ENTER.
D. Select FILTER, then press ENTER.
E. Select AVERAGING, then press ENTER.
F. Using the cursor and range keys, set the averaging

parameter to 10 readings, then press ENTER.

G. Press EXIT to return to normal display.

4. Select the Model 2002 Ω2 function, and change to the
20MΩ range. (If the FILT annunciator is off, press the
FILTER key to enable the filter.)

5. Set the calibrator to output 19MΩ, and allow the reading
to settle.

6. Verify that the reading is within the limits for the 20MΩ
range stated in Table 1-8. (NOTE: Recalculate limits if
actual calibrator resistance differs from value shown.)

7. Repeat steps 4 through 6 for the 200MΩ range (output
100MΩ).

5700A Calibrator (Output 4-wire Resistance)

Input
LO

Sense LO

Note : Use shielded cables to minimize noise.
Enable calibrator external sense mode.

Output
LO

Figure 1-6

Connections for resistance verification (20Ω-2MΩ ranges)

Model 2002

Input HI

19.0000000 MΩ

2002 MULTIMETER

Input
LO

Note: Use shielded cable to minimize noise.

Disable calibrator external sense mode.

Figure 1-7

Connections for resistance verification (20MΩ and 200MΩ ranges)

Output HI

Output
LO

Sense LO

5700A Calibrator (Output 2-Wire Resistance)

1-14

Performance Verification

Table 1-8

Limits for resistance verification (20Ω-200MΩ ranges)

Nominal
2002 Ω
range

applied

resistance

Reading limits
(1 year, 18°C to 28°C)

20Ω 19Ω 18.9985025Ω to 19.0014975Ω
200Ω 190Ω 189.991277Ω to 190.008723Ω
2kΩ 1.9kΩ 1.89994714kΩ to 1.90005286kΩ
20kΩ 19kΩ 18.9994638kΩ to 19.0005362kΩ
200kΩ 190kΩ 189.989313kΩ to 190.010687kΩ
2MΩ 1.9MΩ 1.89981109MΩ to 1.90018891MΩ
20MΩ 19MΩ 18.9940619MΩ to 19.0059381MΩ
200MΩ 100MΩ 99.930910MΩ to 100.069090MΩ

Notes:

1. Limits shown include total absolute calibrator uncertainty (see Table
1-1) and factory calibration uncertainty (see specifications), and are
based on nominal calibration values shown. Recalculate limits using
Model 2002 relative accuracy specifications, factory calibration uncer­tainty, and calibrator absolute uncertainty if calibrator resistance val­ues differ from nominal values shown.

2. Use 4-wire connections and function for 20Ω-2MΩ ranges. Use 2­wire connections and function for 20MΩ and 200MΩ ranges.

1GΩ range verification

1. Mount the 1GΩ resistor and the banana plugs to the test

box, as shown in Figure 1-8. Be sure to mount the
banana plugs with the correct spacing. The resistor
should be completely enclosed in and shielded by the
metal test box. The resistor LO lead should be electri­cally connected to the test box to provide adequate
shielding.

1GΩ Resistor (Keithley
part # R-289-1G)

Insulated

Plug

HI

0.75"

LO

Banana

Plugs

Non-insulated Plug

Note: Resistor must be accurately characterized
before use (see text).

Metal

Test Box

Figure 1-8

1GΩ resistor test box construction

2. Characterize the 1GΩ resistor to within ±1,000ppm or

better using an accurate megohm bridge or similar
equipment. Record the characterized value where indi­cated in Table 1-9. Also compute the limits based on the
value of R using the formula at the bottom of the table.

NOTE

The actual value of the 1GΩ resistor
should not exceed 1.05GΩ.

3. Set Model 2002 operating modes as follows:

A. From normal display, press CONFIG then Ω2.
B. Select SPEED, then press ENTER.
C. Select HIACCURACY, then press ENTER.
D. Select FILTER, then press ENTER.
E. Select AVERAGING, then press ENTER.
F. Using the cursor and range keys, set the averaging

parameter to 10 readings, then press ENTER.

G. Press EXIT to return to normal display.

4. Select the 2-wire ohms function (Ω2) and the 1GΩ

range on the Model 2002. (If the FILT annunciator is off,
press the FILTER key to enable the filter.)

5. Connect the 1GΩ resistor test box (from steps 1 and 2)

to the INPUT HI and LO terminals of the Model 2002.
(Be sure that the box shield is connected to INPUT LO.)
Allow the reading to settle.

6. Verify that the Model 2002 reading is within the limits
you calculated and recorded in Table 1-9.

Table 1-9

Limits for resistance verification (1GΩ range)

Characterized
resistor (R)

Reading limits
(1 year, 18°C to 28°C)

_________ GΩ _________ GΩ to _________ GΩ

* 1 year limits = R ± (0.002065R + 15,000)Ω
Where R = characterized value of 1GΩ resistor in ohms.

1.8.6 Frequency accuracy verification

Frequency accuracy verification is performed by connecting
an accurate frequency source to Model 2002 inputs, and then
verifying that the frequency readings are within stated limits.

Use the procedure below to verify the frequency measure­ment accuracy of the Model 2002.

1. Connect the frequency synthesizer to the Model 2002
INPUT terminals, as shown in Figure 1-9.

2. Turn on both instruments, and allow a one-hour warm­up period before measurement.

1-15

Performance Verification

3. Set the synthesizer operating modes as follows:

FREQ: 1Hz
AMPTD: 5V p-p
OFFSET: 0V
MODE: CONT
FCTN: sine

4. Restore Model 2002 factory defaults, as explained in
paragraph 1.7.

5. Set maximum signal level to 10V as follows:
A. Press CONFIG then FREQ.
B. Select MAX-SIGNAL-LEVEL, then press ENTER.
C. Choose 10V, then press ENTER.
D. Press EXIT to return to normal display.

6. Press the FREQ key to select the frequency function.

7. Verify that the Model 2002 frequency reading is within
the limits shown in the first line of Table 1-10.

BNC-to-Dual
Banana Plug

Model 2002

1.0000 MHz

Adapter

8. Set the synthesizer to each of the frequencies listed in
Table 1-10, and verify that the Model 2002 frequency
reading is within the required limits.

Table 1-10

Frequency verification limits

Synthesizer
frequency

Reading limits
(1 year, 18°C to 28°C)

1Hz 0.9997Hz to 1.0003Hz

10Hz 9.9970Hz to 10.003Hz

100Hz 99.970Hz to 100.03Hz

1kHz 0.9997kHz to 1.0003kHz

10kHz 9.9970kHz to 10.003kHz

100kHz 99.970kHz to 100.03kHz

1MHz 0.9997MHz to 1.0003MHz

10MHz 9.9970MHz to 10.003MHz

15MHz 14.996MHz to 15.004MHz

Model 3930A or 3940 Synthesizer

Main

Function

Output

Figure 1-9

Connections for frequency accuracy verification

1-16

50Ω BNC Coaxial Cable

Performance Verification

1.8.7 Temperature reading checks

When using thermocouples, the Model 2002 displays tem­perature by measuring the DC thermocouple voltage, and
then calculating the corresponding temperature. Similarly,
the instrument computes RTD temperature readings by mea­suring the resistance of the RTD probe and calculating tem­perature from the resistance value.

Since the instrument computes temperature from DCV and
resistance measurements, verifying the accuracy of those
DCV and resistance measurement functions guarantees the
accuracy of corresponding temperature measurements.
Thus, it is not necessary to perform a comprehensive temper­ature verification procedure if DCV and resistance verifica­tion procedures show the instrument meets its specifications
in those areas. However, those who wish to verify that the
Model 2002 does in fact properly display temperature can
use the following procedure to do so.

Selecting the temperature sensor

Follow the steps below to select the type of temperature
sensor:

1. From normal display, press CONFIG then TEMP.

2. Select SENSOR, then press ENTER.

3. Select 4-WIRE-RTD or THERMOCOUPLE as desired,
then press ENTER.

4. Select the type of RTD probe or thermocouple you wish
to test, then return to the CONFIG TEMPERATURE
menu.

5. Select UNITS, then press ENTER.

6. Select DEG-C, then press ENTER.

7. Press EXIT as necessary to return to normal display.

8. Press the TEMP key to place the Model 2002 in the tem­perature display mode. Refer to further information
below on how to check thermocouple and RTD probe
readings.

Thermocouple temperature reading checks

To check thermocouple readings, simply apply the appropri­ate DC voltage listed in Table 1-11 to the Model 2002 INPUT
jacks using a precision DC voltage source (such as the one
used to verify DC voltage accuracy in paragraph 1.8.1), and
check the displayed temperature reading. Be sure to use low­thermal cables for connections between the DC calibrator
and the Model 2002 when making these tests.

NOTE

The voltages shown are based on a 0°C
reference junction temperature. Use the

CONFIG-TEMP menu to set the default
reference junction temperature to 0°C.

Table 1-11

Thermocouple temperature reading checks

Reading limits
Thermocouple
type

J -7.659mV

K -5.730mV

T -5.439mV

E -8.561mV

R 0.054mV

S 0.055mV

B 0.632mV

* Voltages shown are based on ITS-90 standard using 0°C reference
junction temperature. Use CONFIG-TEMP menu to set default reference
junction to 0°C.
NOTE: Reading limits shown do not include DCV calibrator uncertainty.

Applied DC
voltage*

0mV

1.277mV

5.269mV

42.280mV

0mV

1.000mV

4.096mV

54.138mV

0mV

0.992mV

4.278mV

20.255mV

0mV

1.495mV

6.319mV

75.621mV

0.647mV

4.471mV

20.877mV

0.646mV

4.233mV

18.503mV

1.241mV

4.834mV

13.591mV

(°C) 1 year,

18°C to 28°C

-190.5 to -189.5

-0.5 to +0.5

24.5 to 25.5

99.5 to 100.5

749.5 to 750.0

-190.5 to -189.5

-0.5 to +0.5

24.5 to 25.5

99.5 to 100.5

1349.5 to 1350.5

-190.5 to -189.5

-0.5 to +0.5

24.5 to 25.5

99.5 to 100.5

389.5 to 390.5

-190.6 to -189.4

-0.6 to +0.6

24.4 to 25.6

99.4 to 100.6

989.4 to 990.6

7 to 13

97 to 103

497 to 503

1747 to 1753

7 to 13

97 to 103

497 to 503

1747 to 1753

355 to 365

495 to 505

995 to 1005

1795 to 1805

1-17

Performance Verification

RTD temperature reading checks

Use a precision decade resistance box (see Table 1-1) to sim­ulate probe resistances at various temperatures (Table 1-12).
Be sure to use 4-wire connections between the decade resis­tance box and the Model 2002.

Table 1-12

RTD probe temperature reading checks

Reading limits
RTD probe
type

PT385
(α=0.00385)

PT392
(α=0.00392)

NOTE: Reading limits shown do not include uncertainty of resistance
standards.

Applied
resistance

22.80Ω

60.25Ω
100Ω

109.73Ω

138.50Ω

313.59Ω

63.68Ω
100Ω

109.90Ω

139.16Ω

266.94Ω

(°C) 1 year,

18°C to 28°C

-190.068 to -189.932

-100.021 to -99.979

-0.021 to +0.021

24.979 to 25.021

99.979 to 100.021

599.932 to 600.068

-90.021 to -89.979

-0.021 to +0.021

24.979 to 25.021

99.979 to 100.021

449.932 to 450.068

1-18

2

Calibration

2.1 Introduction

This section gives detailed procedures for calibrating the
Model 2002. Basically, there are three types of calibration
procedures:

• Comprehensive calibration

• AC self-calibration

• Low-level calibration

Comprehensive calibration requires accurate calibration
equipment to supply precise DC voltages, DC currents, and
resistance values. AC self-calibration requires no external
equipment and can be performed at any time by the operator.
Low-level calibration is normally performed only at the fac­tory when the instrument is manufactured and is not usually
required in the field.

NOTE

Low-level calibration is required in the
field only if the Model 2002 has been
repaired, or if the other calibration proce­dures cannot bring the instrument within
stated specifications.

A single-point calibration feature is also available to allow
the user to calibrate a single function or range without having
to perform the entire calibration procedure.

Section 2 includes the following information:

2.2 Environmental conditions: States the temperature

and humidity limits for calibration.

2.3 Warm-up period: Discusses the length of time the

Model 2002 should be allowed to warm up before
calibration.

2.4 Line power: States the power line voltage limits when

calibrating the unit.

2.5 Calibration lock: Explains how to unlock calibration

with the CAL switch.

2.6 IEEE-488 bus calibration commands: Summarizes

bus commands used for calibration, lists a simple cal­ibration program, and also discusses other important
aspects of calibrating the instrument over the bus.

2.7 Calibration errors: Details front panel error messages

that might occur during calibration and also explains
how to check for errors over the bus.

2.8 Comprehensive calibration: Covers comprehensive

(user) calibration from the front panel and over the
IEEE-488 bus.

2.9 AC self-calibration: Discusses the AC user calibra-

tion process, both from the front panel and over the
IEEE-488 bus.

2.10 Low-level calibration: Explains how to perform the

low-level calibration procedure, which is normally
required only at the factory.

2.11 Single-point calibration: Outlines the basic methods

for calibrating only a single function or range instead
of having to go through the entire calibration
procedure.

2-1

Calibration

2.2 Environmental conditions

Calibration procedures should be performed at an ambient
temperature of 23° ± 5°C, and at a relative humidity of less
than 80% unless otherwise noted.

NOTE

If the instrument is normally used over a
different ambient temperature range, cali­brate the instrument at the center of that
temperature range.

If the internal temperature of the Model 2002 drifts exces­sively during calibration, an error will be generated. See
Appendix C for additional information.

2.3 Warm-up period

The Model 2002 must be allowed to warm up for at least four
hours before calibration. If the instrument has been subjected
to temperature extremes (outside the range stated in para­graph 2.2), allow additional time for internal temperatures to
stabilize. Typically, it takes one additional hour to stabilize a
unit that is 10°C (18°F) outside the specified temperature
range.

NOTE

Placement of the OPTION SLOT cover
affects the internal temperature of the
Model 2002. To achieve T
ifications, the OPTION SLOT cover must
be in the same position (on or off) as when
the Model 2002 is to be used.

The calibration equipment should also be allowed to warm
up for the minimum period specified by the manufacturer.

± 1°C spec-

CAL

2.4 Line power

The Model 2002 should be calibrated while operating from
a line voltage in the range of 90-134V or 180-250V at 50, 60,
or 400Hz.

If you attempt comprehensive or low-level calibration with­out performing the unlocking procedure, the following mes­sage will be displayed:

CALIBRATION LOCKED

Press the CAL switch to unlock.

Note that it is not necessary to unlock calibration for the AC­only self-calibration procedure. Also, IEEE-488 bus calibra­tion command queries such as the :DATE and :DATA com­mands are not protected by the calibration lock.

2.5.2 Low-level calibration lock

To unlock low-level calibration, press in and hold the CAL
switch while turning on the power. Low-level calibration can
then be performed.

NOTE

Do not unlock low-level calibration unless
you have the appropriate equipment and
intend to perform low-level calibration.
See paragraph 2.10 for low-level calibra­tion details.

2.5.3 IEEE-488 bus calibration lock status

You can determine the status of either calibration lock over
the bus by using the appropriate query. To determine com­prehensive calibration lock status, send the following query:

:CAL:PROT:SWIT?

The instrument will respond with the calibration lock status:

0: comprehensive calibration locked
1: comprehensive calibration unlocked

To determine the status of the low-level calibration lock,
send the following query:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:SWIT?

Responses to this calibration lock query include:

0: low-level calibration locked
1: low-level calibration unlocked

2.5 Calibration lock

2.5.1 Comprehensive calibration lock

Before performing comprehensive calibration, you must first
unlock calibration by momentarily pressing in on the
recessed CAL switch. The instrument will display the fol­lowing message:

CALIBRATION UNLOCKED

Calibration can now be performed

2-2

Refer to paragraph 2.6 below and Section 3 for more details
on calibration commands.

2.6 IEEE-488 bus calibration commands

Table 2-1 summarizes calibration commands used to cali­brate the instrument over the IEEE-488 bus (GPIB).

Table 2-1

IEEE-488 bus calibration command summary

Command Description

:CALibration

:PROTected

:INITiate
:LOCK
:SWITch?
:SAVE
:DATA?
:DATE <yr>, <mon>, <day>
:DATE?
:NDUE <yr>, <mon>, <day>
:NDUE?
:DC

:ZERO
:V2 <NRf>
:V20 <NRf>
:OHM1M <NRf>
:OHM200K <NRf>
:OHM20K <NRf>
:OHM2K <NRf>
:OHM200 <NRf>
:OHM20 <NRf>
:A200U <NRf>
:A2M <NRf>
:A20M <NRf>
:A200M <NRf>
:A2 <NRf>
:OPEN

:LLEVel

:SWITch?

Calibration root command.

All commands in this subsystem are protected by the CAL switch (except queries).

Initiate calibration.
Lock out calibration (opposite of enabling cal with CAL switch).
Request comprehensive CAL switch state. (0 = locked; 1 = unlocked)
Save cal constants to EEROM.
Download cal constants from 2002.
Send cal date to 2002.
Request cal date from 2002.
Send next due cal date to 2002.
Request next due cal date from 2002.
Comprehensive calibration subsystem.

Short-circuit calibration step.
+2V DC calibration step.
+20V DC calibration step.
1MΩ calibration step.
200kΩ calibration step.
20kΩ calibration step.
2kΩ calibration step.

200Ω calibration step.
20Ω calibration step.
200µA DC calibration step.
2mA DC calibration step.
20mA DC calibration step.
200mA DC calibration step.
2A DC calibration step.
Open circuit calibration step.

Low-level calibration subsystem.

Request low-level CAL switch state. (0 = locked; 1 = unlocked)

:STEP <Step #>

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

9
10
11
12
13

:UNPRotected

:ACCompensation

NOTE: Upper-case letters indicate short form of each command. For example, instead of sending ":CALibration:PROTected:INITiate", send
":CAL:PROT:INIT".

20V AC at 1kHz step.
20V AC at 30kHz step.
200V AC at 1kHz step.
200V AC at 30kHz

1.5V AC at 1kHz step.
200mV AC at 1kHz step.
5mV AC at 100kHz step.

0.5mV AC at 1kHz step.
+100V DC step.

-20V DC step.
Rear inputs short-circuit step.
20mA AC at 1kHz step.
2V AC at 1Hz step.

Commands in this subsystem not protected by CAL switch.

Perform user AC calibration (disconnect all cables)

Calibration

2-3