Tektronix 2002 User manual

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Model 2002

8.5 Digit Multimeter

Getting Started Manual

2002-903-01 Rev. B September 2022

tek.com/keithley

*P2002-903-01B*

2002-903-01B

Model 2002 Multimeter

Getting Started Manual

Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.

These are the original instructions in English.

All Keithley Instruments product names are trademarks or

registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, LLC.

Other brand names are trademarks or registered

trademarks of their respective holders.

Document Number: 2002-903-01 Rev. B September 2022

Safety precautions

The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with nonhazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present.

This product is intended for use by personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation, operation, and maintenance information carefully before using the product. Refer to the user documentation for complete product specifications.

If the product is used in a manner not specified, the protection provided by the product warranty may be impaired.

The types of product users are:

Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the equipment is operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained.

Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the instrument. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.

Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating properly, for example, setting the line voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the user documentation. The procedures explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel.

Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, perform safe installations, and repair products. Only properly trained service personnel may perform installation and service procedures.

Keithley products are designed for use with electrical signals that are measurement, control, and data I/O connections, with low transient overvoltages, and must not be directly connected to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient overvoltages. Measurement Category II (as referenced in IEC 60664) connections require protection for high transient overvoltages often associated with local AC mains connections. Certain Keithley measuring instruments may be connected to mains. These instruments will be marked as category II or higher.

Unless explicitly allowed in the specifications, operating manual, and instrument labels, do not connect any instrument to mains.

Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test fixtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30 V RMS, 42.4 V peak, or 60 VDC are present. A good safety practice is to expect that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before measuring.

Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that operators are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be exposed to potential human contact. Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000 V, no conductive part of the circuit may be exposed.

Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance-limited sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card.

Before operating an instrument, ensure that the line cord is connected to a properly-grounded power receptacle. Inspect the connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.

When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate main input power disconnect device must be provided in close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the operator.

For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before connecting or disconnecting cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.

Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) ground. Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being measured.

For safety, instruments and accessories must be used in accordance with the operating instructions. If the instruments or accessories are used in a manner not specified in the operating instructions, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.

Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories. Maximum signal levels are defined in the specifications and operating information and shown on the instrument panels, test fixture panels, and switching cards.

When fuses are used in a product, replace with the same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard.

Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as protective earth (safety ground) connections.

If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation requires the use of a lid interlock.

If a screw is present, connect it to protective earth (safety ground) using the wire recommended in the user documentation.

The symbol on an instrument means caution, risk of hazard. The user must refer to the operating instructions located in the user documentation in all cases where the symbol is marked on the instrument.

The symbol on an instrument means warning, risk of electric shock. Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages.

The symbol on an instrument shows that the surface may be hot. Avoid personal contact to prevent burns.

The symbol indicates a connection terminal to the equipment frame.

If this symbol is on a product, it indicates that mercury is present in the display lamp. Please note that the lamp must be properly disposed of according to federal, state, and local laws.

The WARNING heading in the user documentation explains hazards that might result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.

The CAUTION heading in the user documentation explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.

The CAUTION heading with the symbol in the user documentation explains hazards that could result in moderate or minor injury or damage the instrument. Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure. Damage to the instrument may invalidate the warranty.

Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.

Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables.

To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement components in mains circuits — including the power transformer, test leads, and input jacks — must be purchased from Keithley. Standard fuses with applicable national safety approvals may be used if the rating and type are the same. The detachable mains power cord provided with the instrument may only be replaced with a similarly rated power cord. Other components that are not safety-related may be purchased from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component (note that selected parts should be purchased only through Keithley to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product). If you are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a Keithley office for information.

Unless otherwise noted in product-specific literature, Keithley instruments are designed to operate indoors only, in the following environment: Altitude at or below 2,000 m (6,562 ft); temperature 0 °C to 50 °C (32 °F to 122 °F); and pollution degree 1 or 2.

To clean an instrument, use a cloth dampened with deionized water or mild, water-based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do not apply cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that consist of a circuit board with no case or chassis (e.g., a data acquisition board for installation into a computer) should never require cleaning if handled according to instructions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is affected, the board should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning/servicing.

Safety precaution revision as of June 2018.

Table of Contents

Front Panel Operation

Product overview.................................................................................1-2

Display ................................................................................................1-8

Power-up..............................................................................................1-8

Bench defaults.....................................................................................1-9

Voltage measurements.......................................................................1-10

Current measurements.......................................................................1-11

Two and four-wire resistance measurements ....................................1-12

Frequency measurements..................................................................1-14

Temperature measurements...............................................................1-16

Measurement Options

Multiple displays.................................................................................2-2

Menus..................................................................................................2-6

Relative..............................................................................................2-10

Trigger...............................................................................................2-11

Speed.................................................................................................2-14

Resolution..........................................................................................2-15

Filter ..................................................................................................2-16

Buffer (Data Store)............................................................................2-18

Math ..................................................................................................2-20

Internal scanning ...............................................................................2-22

External scanning..............................................................................2-26

IEEE-488 Bus Operation

Software support..................................................................................3-2

IEEE-488 bus standards ......................................................................3-3

IEEE-488 bus connections ..................................................................3-3

Primary address selection....................................................................3-4

Common commands............................................................................3-5

SCPI commands..................................................................................3-6

SCPI command syntax ........................................................................3-7

SCPI signal oriented commands .......................................................3-11

SCPI subsystem commands ..............................................................3-12

Program examples.............................................................................3-18

Specifications

Front Panel

Operation

1-2

Front Panel Operation

Product overview

If you have any questions after reviewing this information, please contact your local

Keithley Instruments office, sales partner, or distributo corporate headquarters (toll-free inside the U.S. and Canada only) at 1-800-833-9200. For worldwide contact numbers, visit tek.com/en/contact-tek.

The Model 2002 is an 8½-digit multimeter with the following measurement capabilities:

• DC voltage measurements from 1nV to 1100V

• AC RMS voltage measurements from 100nV to 750V, 1100V peak

• DC current measurements from 10pA to 2.1A

• AC current measurements from 100pA to 2.1A

• 2-wire resistance measurements from 100nΩ to 1.05GΩ

• 4-wire resistance measurements from 100nΩ to 2.1MΩ

• Frequency measurements from 1Hz to 15MHz

• RTD temperature measurements from -200°C to +630°C

• Thermocouple temperature measurements (with optional card) from -200°C to +1820°C

r. You can also call the Tektronix

Figure 1

Measurement ranges (resolution)

DC Voltage

AC Voltage Bandwidth

Peak Spikes–Repetitive

AC Voltage

DC Current

DC In-Circuit Current

AC Current

Frequency

Frequency Sensitivity

Temperature–RTD

Peak Spikes–Single Resistance (2-wire) Resistance (4-wire)

Ohms Source Current

Period

Temperature–TC

Crest Factor

–

1nV

10pA

100pA

Logarithmic scale

–

100nV

60ns

100nΩ

500ns

1.4µA

2µs

1µ

–

100µA

0.001°

60mV

–

1Hz

20Hz

7.2mA

2.1A 12A

2.1A

1 second

16 seconds 16 seconds

600V

630°

1100V 1100V

1820°C

2MHz

1MHz

2.1M

15MHz

Ω

Front Panel Operation 1-3

Some additional capabilities of the Model 2002 include:

• Data storage with burst mode capability

• Scan (measure) channels of an external scanner (e.g., Model 7001 or 7002)

• Single button zeroing (REL)

• Built-in math functions

• Digital ﬁltering

• Remote operation using the IEEE-488 bus

By installing the appropriate option card, the capabilities of the Model 2002 are extended as

follows:

• Scan internal channels (Model 2001-SCAN Scanner Card or Model 2001-TCSCAN Thermocouple Scanner Card)

• Perform thermocouple temperature measurements (Model 2001-TCSCAN Thermocouple Scanner Card)

• Extend the voltage and resistance measurement ranges (Model 1801 Nanovolt Preamp)

The Model 2002 front and rear panel overvie ws (Figures 2 and 3) include important abbrevi-

ated information that should be reviewed before operating the instrument.

1-4 Front Panel Operation

Figure 2

Model 2002 front panel overview

Primary Display Line

Secondary Display Line

SENSE

DISPLAY

POWER

ERR REM TALK LSTN SRQ REAR REL FILT MATH 4W AUTO ARM TRIG SMPL

Range : 200mVDC

DCV ACV DCI ACI Ω2 Ω4

REL TRIG

INFO LOCAL EXIT ENTER

STORE RECALL

CHAN SCAN

FILTER MATH

CONFIG MENU

FREQ TEMP

2002 MULTIMETER

RANGE

AUTO

RANGE

Ω 4 WIRE

350V PEAK

FRONT/REAR

INPUTS

CAL

INPUT

1100V

PEAK

500V PEAK

2A 250V

AMPS

1 ANNUNCIATORS

ERR Questionable reading REM In remote TALK Addressed to talk LSTN Addressed to listen SRQ Service Request REAR Reading acquired from rear inputs REL Relative reading displayed FILT Digital filter enabled MATH Math calculation enabled 4W 4-wire resistance reading displayed AUTO Autoranging enabled ARM Trigger armed; not in idle *(asterisk) Reading being stored

2 FUNCTION KEYS Select measurement function (DC and AC voltage, DC and AC cur-

rent, 2-wire and 4-wire resistance, frequency, and temperature)

3 RANGE KEYS

▲ Moves to higher range; increments digit ▼ Moves to lower range; decrements digit

AUTO Enables/disables autorange

Front Panel Operation 1-5

4 HANDLE (not shown) Pull out and rotate to desired position 5 DISPLAY KEYS PREV/NEXT Scroll through multiple displays of a function 6 OPERATION KEYS

REL Enables/disables relative reading TRIG Triggers unit STORE Enables data storage RECALL Displays reading data (reading, number, time). Use PREV/NEXT DISPLAY for

maximum, minimum average, standard deviation FILTER Displays digital filter status for present function and toggles filter on/off MATH Displays math calculation and toggles math on/off if configured

and Moves cursor among data entry digits, menu selections, and information displays INFO Shows context-sensitive information about the present display LOCAL Cancels IEEE-488 remote CHAN Selects internal scanner channel to measure (1-10) SCAN Performs scan of internal or external scanner channels, or ratio or delta CONFIG Configures functions and operations MENU Saves/restores instrument conditions; sets up GPIB; performs calibration and

self-tests; defines limits, buffer, digital I/O, autozero EXIT Cancels selection, moves back within menu structure ENTER Holds reading, enters selection, moves down within menu structure

7 INPUT CONNECTIONS

INPUT HI and LO Used for making DC volts, AC volts, and 2-wire resistance

measurements

AMPS Used in conjunction with INPUT LO to make DC current

and AC current measurements. Also holds current input fuse (2A, 250V, fast blow, 5×20mm)

SENSE Ω4 WIRE HI and LO Used with INPUT HI and LO to make 4-wire resistance

measurements

8 INPUTS Selects input connections on front or rear panel

WARNING:NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

CAUTION:FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

1-6 Front Panel Operation

Figure 3

Model 2002 rear panel overview

123

INPUT

EXTERNAL

1100V

HI LO

PEAK

350V PEAK

SENSE

Ω 4 WIRE

500V

PEAK

OPTION SLOT

AMPS

2A MAX

AMPS FUSE

2A, 250V

TRIGGER

EXTERNAL TRIGGER INPUT

Trigger Reading

>10µsec

INPUT

MADE IN

U.S.A.

METER

COMPLETE

OUTPUT

DIGITAL I/O

TTL HI

TTL LO

LINE RATING

90-134VAC 180-250VAC 50, 60, 400HZ

55VA MAX

IEEE-488

(CHANGE IEEE ADDRESS

IN OUT

TRIGGER

LINK

WITH FRONT PANEL MENU)

METER COMPLETE OUTPUT

Reading Complete

TTL HI

>10µsec

TTL LO

LINE FUSE

SLOWBLOW

1/2A, 250V

BNC CONNECTIONS

LO (Chassis)

Front Panel Operation 1-7

1 INPUT CONNECTIONS

INPUT HI and LO Used for DC volts, AC volts, and 2-wire resistance measure-

ments

AMPS Used with INPUT LO to make DC current and AC current

measurements

SENSE Ω4 WIRE HI and LO Used with INPUT HI and LO to make 4-wire resistance

measurements

2 FAN Keep filter clean to ensure proper instrument cooling 3 POWER LINE INPUT

90–134VAC and 180–250VAC (universal); 50, 60, or 400Hz (self-identifying at power-up)

WARNING: Connect to grounded outlet using 3-wire power cord

4 LINE FUSE 0.5A, 250V, slow blow, 5×20mm 5 OPTION SLOT An option card installs in this slot 6 AMPS FUSE 2A, 250V, fast blow, 5×20mm 7 DIGITAL I/O A DB-9 connector for the TTL-compatible digital I/O with one input and

four outputs

8 TRIGGER LINK IN and OUT Two 8-pin micro DIN connectors for sending and receiv-

ing trigger pulses among other instruments

9 IEEE-488 CONNECTOR Connects the instrument to the IEEE-488 (GPIB) bus

NOTE: Use shielded IEEE-488 cables

1-8 Front Panel Operation

Display

As shown in the Model 2002 front panel overview (Figure 2), the front panel has three lines

of display information: the primary display line, the secondary display line, and annunciators.

• Primary Display Line: The top line displays readings along with units. It can also display measurement type (e.g., RMS), “hold”, math operating type, channel number, menu headings and messages. Error and status messages are listed in Section 2 of the User’s Manual.

• Secondary Display Line: The bottom line displays the range, other measurement parameters (e.g., coupling or ratio), menu items, messages and multiple displays (see MEASUREMENT OPTIONS section of this manual). Longer text strings are indicated by arrows on either end of the display line. Use the cursor ke ys ( and ) to display the additional information.

Power-up

Warm-up

Note that in certain situations, displayed readings may be expressed in scientiﬁc notation. For

example, a reading of +1.0000e-03VDC is interpreted as 1mVDC.

Warning Before turning on the Model 2002, make sure it is connected to a grounded

power receptacle using the supplied power cord or the equivalent. Failure to properly ground the unit creates a shock hazard that could result in injury or death.

Use the front panel POWER switch to turn power on and off.

During power-up, the Model 2002 performs self-tests on its memory elements. If a f ailure occurs, the instrument momentarily displays an error message and turns on the ERR annunciator. If the instrument passes the self-tests, the ﬁrmware revision le vels, memory option (if installed), and IEEE-488 address are displayed.

For complete information on the power-up sequence, see Section 2 in the User’s Manual.

The instrument is ready for use as soon as the power-up sequence is completed. However, to achieve rated accuracy, allow the instrument to warm up for four hours. If the instrument has been subjected to extreme temperatures, allow additional time to allo w internal temperatures to stabilize.

Bench defaults

The Model 2002 can save one, ﬁve, or ten user setups in non-v olatile memory, depending on the installed memory option. You can select one of the user setups as the power-on default, or have the instrument power up to either of the two factory defaults (optimized for “BENCH” or “GPIB” operation).

Since the basic measurement procedures in this manual assume the BENCH defaults, reset the instrument from the SAVESETUP item of the MAIN MENU by performing the following steps:

1. Press the MENU key to display the main menu:

MAIN MENU

SAVESETUP GPIB CALIBRATION

2. If the SAVESETUP option is not blinking, press the key until it is blinking and then press ENTER to view the setup menu:

SETUP MENU

SAVE RESTORE POWERON RESET

3. Select the RESET option and press ENTER to view the reset menu:

RESET ORIGINAL DFLTS

BENCH GPIB

4. Select the BENCH option and press ENTER. The following message is displayed:

RESETTING INSTRUMENT

Enter to conﬁrm; EXIT to abort

5. Press ENTER to conﬁrm. The display will show DC voltage readings with auto-range enabled.

TEST LIMITS STATUS-MSG GENERAL

Front Panel Operation 1-9

Other BENCH default settings for DCV include:

• Triggers — Continuous measurements.

• Measurement speed (integration time) — Normal, 1 power line cycle.

• Digital ﬁlter — Advanced, 10 readings, 1% noise tolerance, moving average, enabled.

• Display resolution — 7.5 digits.

Note: See MENUS in the MEASUREMENT OPTIONS section of this manual for details on

navigating the Main Menu.

1-10 Front Panel Operation

Voltage measurements

Assuming “BENCH” reset conditions, the basic procedure is as follows:

1. Connect test leads to the INPUT HI and LO terminals. Either the front or rear inputs can be used; place the INPUTS button in the appropriate position.

2. Select the measurement function by pressing DCV or ACV.

3. The AUTO annunciator indicates that autoranging is enabled. If you want manual ranging, use the RANGE expected voltage.

4. Connect test leads to the source as shown in Figure 4.

CAUTION Do not apply more than 1100V peak or 2

ment damage may occur.

▲

and ▼ keys to select a measurement range consistent with the

V•Hz to the input, or instru-

5. Observe the display. If the “Overﬂow” message is displayed, select a higher range until

6. Take a reading from the display.

Figure 4

DC and AC voltage measurements

a normal reading is displayed. Use the lowest possible range for the best resolution.

Model 2002

EDIT ERR REM TALK LSTNSRQ REAR REL FILTMATH 4W AUTO ARM TRIG SMPL

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2001 MULTIMETER

Input Resistance = 10MΩ on 1000V and 200V ranges. > 100GΩ on 20V, 2V and 200mV ranges. = 1MΩ on DCV peak spikes measurement.

Caution : Maximum Input = 1100V peak

DC Voltage

Source

Model 2002

EDIT ERR REM TALK LSTNSRQ REAR REL FILTMATH 4W AUTO ARM TRIG SMPL

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2001 MULTIMETER

AC Voltage

Source

Input Impedence = 1MΩ shunted by <140pF

Caution: Maximum Input = 1100V peak, 2 x 107 V•Hz

Current measurements

Assuming “BENCH” reset conditions, the basic procedure is as follows:

1. Connect test leads to the AMPS and INPUT LO terminals. Either the front or rear inputs can be used; place the INPUTS button in the appropriate position.

2. Select the measurement function by pressing DCI or ACI.

3. The AUTO annunciator indicates that autoranging is enabled. If you want manual ranging, use the RANGE expected current.

4. Connect test leads to the source as shown in Figure 5.

CAUTION Do not apply more than 2.1A, 250V to the input, or the amps fuse will blow.

5. Observe the display. If the “Overﬂow” message is displayed, select a higher range until a normal reading is displayed. Use the lowest possible range for the best resolution.

6. Take the reading from the display.

▲

Front Panel Operation 1-11

and ▼ keys to select a measurement range consistent with the

Figure 5

DC and AC current measurements

Model 2002

EDIT ERR REM TALK LSTNSRQ REAR REL FILTMATH 4W AUTO ARM TRIG SMPL

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2001 MULTIMETER

Caution: Maximum Input = 2.1A

Current

Source

1-12 Front Panel Operation

Two and four-wire resistance measurements

Assuming “BENCH” reset conditions, the basic procedure is as follows:

1. Connect test leads to the Model 2002 as follows: A. For 2-wire, connect the test leads to INPUT HI and LO.

B. For 4-wire, connect the test leads to INPUT HI and LO, and SENSE

and LO. Recommended Kelvin test probes include the Keithley Models 5805 and

5806.

Either the front or rear inputs can be used; place the INPUTS button in the appropriate position.

2. Select the measurement function by pressing

3. The AUTO annunciator indicates that autoranging is enabled. If you want manual ranging, use the RANGE expected resistance.

4. Connect test leads to the resistance as shown in Figure 6.

and ▼ keys to select a measurement range consistent with the

2 or Ω 4.

Ω

4 WIRE HI

▲

CAUTION Do not apply more than 1100V peak between INPUT HI and LO, or instru-

Shielding

tance in a shielded enclosure and electrically connect the shield to the INPUT LO terminal of the instrument.

ment damage may occur.

5. Observe the display. If the “Overﬂow” message is displayed, select a higher range until a normal reading is displayed. Use the lowest possible range for the best resolution.

6. Take a reading from the display.

It helps to shield resistances greater than 100k Ω to achieve a stable reading. Place the resis-

Front Panel Operation 1-13

Figure 6

Two and fourwire resistance measurements

Model 2002

EDIT ERR REM TALK LSTNSRQ REAR REL FILTMATH 4W AUTO ARM TRIG SMPL

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2001 MULTIMETER

Shielded

Cable

Note: Source current flows from the INPUT HI to INPUT LO terminals.

Model 2002

EDIT ERR REM TALK LSTNSRQ REAR REL FILTMATH 4W AUTO ARM TRIG SMPL

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2001 MULTIMETER

Shielded

Cable

Note: Source current flows from the INPUT HI to INPUT LO terminals.

Optional shield

Resistance Under Test

Optional shield

Resistance Under Test

1-14 Front Panel Operation

Frequency measurements

The Model 2002 can make frequency measurements from 1Hz to 15MHz through its INPUT HI and INPUT LO terminals, and from 1Hz to 1MHz through its AMPS and INPUT LO terminals. Assuming “BENCH” reset conditions, the basic procedure is as follows:

1. Connect test leads to the INPUT HI and LO terminals of the Model 2002. Either the front or rear inputs can be used; place the INPUTS button in the appropriate position.

NOTE A bench reset defaults the frequency input terminals to INPUT HI and LO.

2. Select the FREQ function.

3. Connect test leads to the source as shown in Figure 7 (top).

CAUTION Do not exceed 1100V peak between INPUT HI and INPUT LO, or instru-

ment damage may occur.

4. Take a reading from the display.

The procedure for measuring frequency with the AMPS and INPUT LO terminals is similar. However, the FREQ function has to be conﬁgured to use the current terminals (the connection diagram is shown in Figure 7 (lower)). Perform the following steps to select the AMPS and INPUT LO terminals:

1. Press the CONFIG key and then the FREQ key.

2. Using the cursor keys ( and ), place the cursor on INPUT-TERMIN ALS and press ENTER.

3. Place the cursor on CURRENT and press ENTER.

4. Use the EXIT key to back out of the menu structure.

CAUTION Do not apply more than 2.1A, 250V to the AMPS input, or the amps protec-

tion fuse will blow.

Front Panel Operation 1-15

Figure 7

Frequency measurements

AC voltage input

AC current input

Model 2002

EDIT ERR REM TALK LSTNSRQ REAR REL FILTMATH 4W AUTO ARM TRIG SMPL

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2001 MULTIMETER

Caution: Maximum Input = 1100V peak, 2 x 107 V•Hz

Model 2002

EDIT ERR REM TALK LSTNSRQ REAR REL FILTMATH 4W AUTO ARM TRIG SMPL

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2001 MULTIMETER

Caution: Maximum Input = 1A peak

AC Voltage

Source

AC Current

Source

Trigger level

An appropriate trigger level is needed for the frequency counter to operate properly. The instrument only counts cycles with peak amplitudes that reach the trigger level. For example, if the trigger level is set for 5V, cycles with peak amplitudes less than 5V are not counted.

Use the RANGE ▲ and ▼ keys to check and/or change the trigger level. The AUTO range key returns the trigger level or 0V or 0mA.

1-16 Front Panel Operation

Temperature measurements

The Model 2002 measures temperature with two different sensor types: RTDs and thermo-

couples. With RTDs, the Model 2002 can measure temperature between -200°C and +630°C. RTDs can be connected to the input terminals or the optional Model 2001-SCAN scanner card.

With thermocouples connected to the Model 2001-TCSCAN card or an external thermocouple card, such as a Model 7057A or 7402 in a Model 7001 or 7002 Switch System, the instrument measures temperature over a range that is dependent on the thermocouple type.

Assuming “BENCH’ reset conditions, the basic procedure to measure temperature with a type PT100 4-wire RTD (the default sensor) is as follows:

1. Connect the RTD sensor to the Model 2002 as shown in Figure 8. You can use banana plugs (with the front or rear inputs), or the optional Model 8680 RTD Probe Adapter (with the front inputs). Place the INPUTS button in the appropriate position RTDs can also be connected to the optional Model 2001-SCAN scanner card.

2. Select the TEMP function.

CAUTION Do not exceed 1100V peak between INPT HI and LO, or 350V peak between

SENSE Ω4 WIRE HI and LO, or instrument damage may occur.

3. Observe the display . If the “Overﬂo w” message is shown, the R TD might not be connected properly.

4. Take a reading from the display.

The procedure for measuring temperature with 3-wire and 2-wire R TDs is similar and is co v-

ered in Section 2 of the User’s Manual.

To measure temperature with thermocouples, you need to connect the thermocouples to a

suitable scanner card, such as the Model 2001-TCSCAN or an external card (Model 7057A or

7402). The thermocouple cards use channel 1 as the reference junction and must be conﬁgured on the Model 2002 for TC type, voltage reference and of fset. See Section 2 in the User’ s Manual for conﬁguration details.

Front Panel Operation 1-17

Figure 8

Four-wire RTD temperature measurements

Connections to banana jacks

Connections to circular jack

Sense Ω4-wire HI

Model 2002

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2001 MULTIMETER

Input HI

Platinum RTD

Input LO

Sense Ω4-wire LO

Model 8680 RTD Probe Adapter

Model 2002

EDIT ERR REM TALK LSTNSRQ REAR REL FILTMATH 4W AUTO ARM TRIG SMPL

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2001 MULTIMETER

Sense Ω4-wire HI

Input HI

Sense Ω4-wire LO

Sense Ω4-wire HI

Input HI

Platinum

Input LO

RTD

Sense Ω4-wire LO

Input LO

WARNING : To avoid a shock hazard and possible instrument damage, do not use the Model 8680 RTD Probe Adapter to measure voltages exceeding 30V RMS, 42.4V peak.

Connections to terminal block

Model 8680 RTD Probe Adapter

Model 2002

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Sense Ω4-wire HI

Input HI

2001 MULTIMETER

1 234

Sense Ω4-wire LO Input LO

Sense Ω4-wire HI

Input HI

Platinum RTD

Input LO

Sense Ω4-wire LO

Measurement

Options

2-2 Measurement Options

This section describes the details of making measurements. Conﬁguration options, triggers, reading storage, and scanning are just a few of the topics discussed. You will ﬁnd this information useful whether operating the Model 2002 from the front panel or IEEE-488 bus.

Multiple displays

Each measurement function and some operations provide “multiple displays” by using the bottom line of the front panel. These multiple displays provide multiple type measurements, show a reading in a different form, or give additional information about the reading.

A few of the frequently used multiple displays are summarized in this section. All the multiple displays are shown in Table 1.

The NEXT and PREV (previous) DISPLAY keys scroll through the multiple displays for the selected function or operation. The multiple display mode can be cancelled by pressing and holding in either key.

Measurement Options 2-3

Table 1

Multiple displays by function

Function Next display

All

Bar graph Zero-centered bar graph Maximum and minimum values Relative and actual values Calculated and actual values (see Note 1) Limts bar graph (see Note 1) Adjacent channel readings (see Note 2)

DC voltage

DC volts, AC ripple voltage and frequency Positive peak spikes and highest value Negative peak spikes and lowest value Positive and negative peak spikes

AC voltage

AC RMS voltage, frequency, and crest factor

AC RMS, average, and peak voltages DC current AC current

(none speciﬁc to function)

AC RMS (or average) current and frequency

AC RMS and average current 2-wire resistance

Source current

Voltage drop across DUT 4-wire resistance

Source current

Voltage drop across DUT

Lead resistance Frequency

Period calculation

Trigger level Temperature

Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin units

RTD resistance (or thermocouple voltage)

Reference junction (thermocouples only) Data storage buffer

Maximum and minimum values

Average and standard deviation

Notes:

1. Multiple displays for calculated values and limits bar graph are not available for the fre-

quency function.

2. The multiple display for adjacent channel readings is not available for the DC and AC

current functions.

2-4 Measurement Options

FILT 4W ARM

FILT ARM

2002 MULTIMETER

Bar Graph — The bar graph is a graphical representation of the reading with zero at the left end. Each full segment of the bar represents approximately 4% of the range limit.

Zero-centered Bar Graph — The zero-centered bar graph is a graphical representation of the reading using plus minus limits with zero in the center . Each full se gment represents 10% of the limit.

Maximum and Minimum — This display shows the maximum and minimum readings that have occurred since the display was entered. Maximum and minimum values are reset by pressing the present function key or by leaving the display.

Relative and Actual — This display is used with the rel (relative) feature. While the top line shows the result of the rel operation, the bottom line shows the actual (raw) reading.

Measurement Options 2-5

Calculated and Actual — This display is used with a math calculation. While the top line provides the result of the math calculation, the bottom line provides

2002 MULTIMETER

the raw reading.

FILT ARM

2002 MULTIMETER

Buffer — These bottom line displays are used when recalling readings from the data store buffer. They provide the maximum, minimum, average and standard deviation for the readings stored in the buffer.

2-6 Measurement Options

Menus

There are two basic menu structures used by the Model 2002: the main menu and the CONFIGure menus. The main menu accesses items for which there are no dedicated ke ys; the CONFIGure menus conﬁgure measurement functions and other instrument operations.

T able 2 summarizes main menu selections. Tables 3 and 4 show conﬁguration settings for the measurement functions and instrument operations.

Table 2

Summary of main menu

Option Description

SAVESETUP

GPIB

CALIBRATION

TEST LIMITS STATUS-MSG GENERAL

Save and restore setups stored in memory, set power-on defaults, and return unit to default conditions.

Check or change IEEE-488 bus address, conﬁgure unit for talk-only operation, select data elements, and display the status byte.

Calibrate the Model 2002 (see Calibration Manual), and check calibration date.

Perform self-tests (see Repair Manual). Conﬁgure unit to perform limit tests. Enable/disable status message mode. Control output lines and read input lines of digital I/O

port, check serial number of unit and ﬁrmware revision levels, control line-sync and autozero, conﬁgure timestamp, select decimal point character, and set real-time clock.

Table 3

Conﬁguration settings for each measurement function

Measurement Options 2-7

Function Speed Filter

DC Voltage AC Voltage 2-Wire Resistance 4-Wire Resistance DC Current AC Current

•

• Frequency/Period Temperature

•

The 2002 allows each measurement function to be conﬁgured independently , letting you set each function as desired. For example, if DCV is set for 7

0.1 power line cycle.

•

Table 4

Conﬁguration settings for instrument operations

Option Description

CONFIG REL CONFIG TRIG

CONFIG STORE

CONFIG FILTER CONFIG MATH

CONFIG CHAN

CONFIG SCAN

CONFIG NEXT

Resolution Coupling

Max.

signal

level

Units

(V, db,

dbm)

type

Offset comp.

Max.

auto

range

•

digits using 10 power line cycles, ACV can be set to 5

Set rel (relative) value and enable. Conﬁgure measure layer, scan layer and arm layer of trig-

ger model. Enable/disable burst mode, select data grouping, set buffer

control, conﬁgure timestamp, clear buffer, set buffer size and select buffer feed. Select auto, averaging, advanced or averaging-mode ﬁlter.

Select and conﬁgure math calculation; polynomial, percent or percent deviation.

Conﬁgure unit for internal channels or external channels, and save and restore an alternate function.

Conﬁgure scan for internal or external channels. Conﬁgure unit for ratio or delta calculations.

Change the scale for the zero-center bar graph.

Senso

digits at

•

2-8 Measurement Options

Navigating menus

Use the following rules to navigate through the menu structures. T able 5 summarizes the front

panel keys used for navigation.

1. From the instrument’s normal state of displaying readings, you can:

• View a conﬁguration menu by pressing CONFIG and then the desired function or operation key (DCV, TRIG, etc.).

• View the top level of the main menu by pressing the MENU key.

2. The unit is returned to the normal reading display by:

• Pressing EXIT or MENU from the top level of the main menu.

• Pressing EXIT from the top level of a conﬁguration menu.

• Pressing a measurement function key from within a menu.

3. Pressing the ENTER key selects an item and, if further deﬁnition is needed, mo ves down within the menu structure. Pressing the EXIT key backs up within a menu structure.

4. The cursor position is denoted by a blinking menu item or parameter. The cursor is moved from one item to the next using the cursor k eys ( and ) . T o select an item, highlight it with the cursor, then press ENTER.

5. A displayed arrow ( and ) on the bottom line indicates there is more information or additional menu items to select from. When “ ” is displayed, use the cursor key. The cursor keys have an auto-repeat feature.

6. A numeric parameter is keyed in by placing the cursor on the digit to be changed, and pressing the RANGE

7. A change is only executed when the ENTER key is pressed. Entering an invalid parameter generates an error, and the entry is ignored. Changes are also ignored if an EXIT is performed.

8. The INFO key can be used anywhere in a menu to display helpful information messages concerning operation. To cancel an information message and remain in the menu, press INFO a second time, EXIT, or ENTER. Pressing a function key cancels INFO and a menu, and returns the instrument to a reading display.

▲

or ▼ keys to increment or decrement the digit.

▲

Table 5

Menu summary

Action Description

Measurement Options 2-9

CONFIG-(function)

RANGE RANGE ▼

ENTER EXIT

INFO

Press the CONFIG key, then a function key (e.g., DCV) to view the top level of a function conﬁguration menu.

Press the MENU key to view the top level of the main menu. The operations that have no corresponding key are included in the main menu.

Use the cursor keys to move the highlighted cursor among menu selections, or the digits of a parameter value, or change channels on the scanner.

Use the RANGE keys to increment and decrement digits of a parameter value.

Accepts menu selection or data entry. Cancels changes menu selection. Also returns you to the

previous menu level. Displays context-sensitive information about the present

menu level. Toggles information message on/off.

2-10 Measurement Options

Relative

Rel subtracts a reference value from actual readings. When rel is enabled, the instrument uses the present reading as a relative value. Subsequent readings will be the difference between the actual input value and the rel value.

Actual Input – Reference = Displayed Reading

Thus, when you perform a zero correction for DCV, Ω 2, and Ω 4 measurements by enabling REL, the displayed offset becomes the reference value. Subtracting the offset from the actual input zeroes the display.

The rel (relative) operation is enabled by pressing the REL k ey (REL annunciator turns on). Pressing REL a second time disables rel. You can also enter and enable a rel value from the CONFIG-REL display.

A rel value can be established for each measurement function. The state and value of rel for each measurement function are saved when changing functions. Once a rel value is established for a measurement function, the value is the same for all ranges.

Conﬁguring Rel

To check or change a rel value for a measurement function, perform the following steps:

1. Select the desired measurement function.

2. Press the CONFIG key and then the REL key to display the present rel value.

3. Use the cursor keys ( and ) and the RANGE keys to change the rel value and press ENTER. The instrument will return to the normal display state with rel enabled.

Trigger

Figure 9

Simplified trigger model

Measurement Options 2-11

The following overvie w is intended to acquaint you with basic triggering. For a complete explanation, see the Model 2002 User’s Manual. The simpliﬁed model for triggering is shown in Figure 9. It is known as the trigger model.

Idle

Arm

Layer

Scan Layer

Measure

Layer

Arm

Event

Scan

Event

Measure

Event

Device Action

Yes

Arm

Another

Scan

Another

Measure-

ment

Output Trigger

Arm

Count

Scan

Count

Measure

Count

Another

The instrument is in idle whenever it is not within one of the layers of the model. The front panel ARM indicator is off when in idle.

When the Model 2002 is taken out of idle by pressing TRIG (or sending :INIT or :INIT:CONT ON o ver the bus), the ARM indicator turns on and operation proceeds into the Arm Layer.

2-12 Measurement Options

Trigger model layers

The trigger model has three layers: the Arm Layer, Scan Layer and Measure Layer. For IEEE-

488 bus operation, these layers are known as Arm Layer 1, Arm Layer 2 and the Trigger Layer.

Once the Model 2002 is taken out of idle, operation proceeds through the layers of the trigger

model down to the device action where a measurement occurs.

Control source

In general, each layer contains a control source which holds up operation until the pro-

grammed event occurs. The control sources are described as follows:

• Immediate –Event detection is immediately satisﬁed, allowing operation to continue.

• Manual – Event detection is satisﬁed by pressing the TRIG key.

• GPIB – Event detection is satisﬁed when a bus trigger (GET or *TRG) is received.

• RT-Clock – Event detection in the Arm Layer is satisﬁed when the programmed time and date occur. (Not available in the Scan Layer and Measure Layer.)

• Timer – Event detection is immediately satisﬁed on the initial pass through the layer. Each subsequent detection is satisﬁed when the programmed timer interval elapses. (Not available in the Arm Layer.)

• External – Event detection is satisﬁed when an input trigger via the EXTERN AL TRIGGER connector is received.

• TrigLink – Event detection is satisﬁed when an input trigger via the TRIGGER LINK is received.

• Hold – With this selection, event detection is not satisﬁed by any of the above control source events and operation is held up.

Measurement Options 2-13

Device action

The primary device action is a measurement. However, the device action could include a function change and a channel scan (if scanner is enabled). A channel is scanned (closed) before a measurement is made. When scanning internal channels, the previous channel opens and the next channel closes (break-before-make). Also included in the device action is the internal settling time delay for the relay.

Output trigger

After each measurement (device action), an output trigger pulse occurs and is a vailable at the rear panel of the Model 2002. When used with an external scanner (such as a Model 7001 or 7002 Switch System), each output trigger would be used to select the next channel in a scan (see EXTERNAL SCANNING in the MEASUREMENT OPTIONS section of this manual).

Counters

All three layers use programmable counters that allow operation to return to or stay in the respective layer. For example, programming the Measure LAyer counter to inﬁnite keeps operation in the Measure Layer. After each device action, operation loops back to the Trigger Layer control source. A counter resets when operation loops back to a higher layer (or idle).

Bench default trigger model setup

The bench default setup takes the Model 2002 out of idle, sets the control sources of all layers to Immediate, and sets the Measure Layer counter to inﬁnite. With this trigger model setup, operation simply falls into the Measure Layer (and stays there) to make continuous measurements.

2-14 Measurement Options

Speed

SPEED sets the integration time of the A/D converter, the period of time the input signal is measured. The SPEED can be set for each measurement function except FREQ. The integration time is speciﬁed in parameters based on a number of power line cycles (NPLC), where one PLC for 60Hz is 16.67msec and one PLC for 50Hz and 400Hz is 20msec.

In general, the fastest integration time (0.01 PLC) results in increased reading noise and less usable resolution, while the slowest integration time (50 PLC) pro vides the best common-mode and normal-mode rejection. In between settings are a compromise between speed and noise.

Conﬁguring speed

Each measurement function, except FREQ, can have its own unique integration time. Speed is set from the conﬁgure function menu structures. The procedure is summarized as follows:

1. Press the CONFIG key and then the desired function key (DCV, ACV, etc.).

2. Using the cursor keys ( and ), select SPEED and press ENTER to display the following speed options:

NORMAL: Sets the integration time to 1 PLC. FAST: Sets the integration time to 0.01 PLC. MEDIUM: Sets the integration time to 0.1 PLC. HIACCURACY: Sets the integration time to 50 PLC. SET-SPEED-EXACTLY: This options prompts you to enter a PLC value (0.01 to 50). SET-BY-RESOLUTION: Automatically optimizes the integration time for the present

resolution setting (see the User’s Manual).

3. Use the menu items to conﬁgure speed. A menu item is selected by placing the cursor (using and keys) on it and pressing ENTER. P arameter values are changed using the cursor keys and the RANGE keys, and then pressing ENTER. See MENUS if you need more information to navigate through the menu structure.

NOTE For more information, see SPEED in Section 2 of the User’s Manual.

Resolution

to 8.5 digits of resolution. Each function can have its own unique resolution setting.

Conﬁgure resolution

Measurement Options 2-15

Except for FREQ, TEMP and some special cases for A CV, all functions can operate from 3.5

Perform the following steps to set resolution for a measurement function:

1. Press the CONFIG key and then the desired function key (DCV, ACV, etc.).

2. Using the

play the following resolution options:

3.5d to 8.5d: Select one of these options to set the display resolution. AUTO: This option automatically optimizes the resolution for the present integration

time (speed) setting (see the User’s Manual).

3. Set resolution by placing the cursor (using and keys) on the menu option pressing ENTER. See MENUS if you need more information to navigate through the menu structure.

cursor keys ( and ), select RESOLUTION and press ENTER to dis-

NOTE For more information, see RESOLUTION in Section 2 of the User’s Manual.

2-16 Measurement Options

Filter

Filtering stabilizes noisy measurements. The Model 2002 uses a digital ﬁlter , which is based on reading conversions. The displayed, stored, or transmitted reading is an a v erage of a number of reading conversions. When a ﬁlter is enabled by pressing FILTER (FILT annunciator turns on), the selected ﬁlter conﬁguration for that measurement function is in effect. Pressing FILTER a second time disables the ﬁlter.

Filter types

The Model 2002 has two types of digital ﬁlters; averaging and advanced. Both types are a simple average of 1 to 100 reading conversions. The difference is a user-programmed noise “window” for the advanced ﬁlter . The noise window (e xpressed as a percentage of range) allows a faster response time to large signal step changes. See the User’s Manual for complete information on ﬁlter types.

Filter modes

There are two ﬁlter modes: moving or repeating. The moving ﬁlter uses a ﬁrst-in, ﬁrst-out stack. When the stack becomes full, the measurement con versions are a v eraged, yielding a reading. For each subsequent conv ersion, the ne w con version is placed into the stack, the oldest conversion is discarded, and a new reading is averaged.

For the repeating ﬁlter, the stack is ﬁ lled and the con v ersions are av eraged to yield a reading. The stack is then cleared and the process starts over. See the User’s Manual for complete information on ﬁlter modes.

Auto ﬁlter

With auto ﬁltering, the instrument automatically conﬁgures the ﬁlter based on the selected function and measurement type.

Measurement Options 2-17

Conﬁguring ﬁlters

Each measurement function, except FREQ, has its own ﬁlter conﬁguration. The procedure to

conﬁgure a ﬁlter is summarized as follows:

1. Select the measurement function.

2. Press CONFIG and then FILTER to display the following ﬁlter menu options: AUTO: Selects auto ﬁltering. AVERAGING: Selects the averaging ﬁlter type and prompts you to enter the number of

readings to average (the “stack” size). ADVANCED: Selects the advanced ﬁlter type and prompts you to enter the number of

readings to average (the “stack” size). After entering the stack size, you are then prompted to enter the noise tolerance level (0 to 100%).

AVERAGING-MODE: This item is used to select the ﬁlter mode: MOVING or REPEAT.

3. Use the menu items to conﬁgure the ﬁlter. A menu item is selected by placing the cursor (using and keys) on it and pressing ENTER. P arameter values are changed using the cursor keys and the RANGE keys, and then pressing ENTER. See MENUS if you need more information to navigate through the menu structure.

NOTE The ﬁlter conﬁguration menus can also be accessed from the conﬁgure function

Figure 10

Filter response/noise window

menus.

Response with the noise window turned “on” shifts when the input signal moves beyond the specified range

Limits of the

user-specified

noise window

Input signal

Response with no noise window

Value displayed

with filtering

2-18 Measurement Options

Buffer (Data Store)

The Model 2002 has a buffer to store readings at tw o different rates: normal and b urst modes. The maximum number of readings that can be stored depends on the installed memory option (standard, MEM1 or MEM2) and the user-programmable data group (full or compact). Storage capacity is summarized in Table 6.

Table 6

Memory options

Model

2002 2002/MEM1 2002/MEM2

A full data group includes the reading, units, channel#, reading#, timestamp, and status. A compact data group does not include the channel# or timestamp. The data group and other b uffer parameters are conﬁgured from the CONFIG DATA STORE menu structure.

Normal mode

The following procedure to store readings at the normal rate uses a typical data store conﬁguration: a user-deﬁned number of readings wil be stored in the buf fer (ﬁll-and-stop). All aspects of data store conﬁguration and opeation are detailed in Section 2 of the User’s Manual.

1. Set up the instrument for the desired measurements (function, range, etc.).

2. Conﬁgure the data store as follows. Note that a menu item is selected by placing the sor (using and keys) on

more information to navigate through the menu structure.

• Press CONFIG

• Press STORE

• Select DATA-GROUP

• Select FULL or COMPACT

• Select CONTROL

• Select FILL-AND-STOP Note: If you selected the FULL data group, continue on to conﬁgure the timestamp. Oth-

erwise, press EXIT to back out of the menu structure.

• Select TIMESTAMP

• Select TYPE

• Select REAL-TIME

• Select FORMAT

• Select ABSOLUTE Use the EXIT key to back out of the menu structure.

3. Press STORE. The presently programmed buffer size (number of readings to store) is displayed. If desired, use the cursor keys and the RANGE ke ys to change the buf fer size. (Incrementing the most signiﬁcant digit changes buffer size to the maximum.)

Size

(Bytes) 4 ½ -Digit

32k

128k

2,027 6,909

29,908

-Digit w/

time stamp Type

404 1,381 5,980

volatile non-volatile non-volatile

cur-

it and pressing ENTER. See MENUS if you need

4. Press ENTER to start storing readings. The asterisk (*) annunciator turns on to indicate

5. To recall stored readings, press RECALL. Use the RANGE keys to scroll through the

Burst mode

The burst data acquisition mode maximizes the reading rate of the Model 2002. With burst mode, new raw readings (A/D counts) are acquired and then post-processed by applying calibration constants. If ﬁlter or math operations are enabled, the post-processing time is longer.

The following conﬁguration restrictions apply for burst mode:

• Only the following measurement functions are valid in burst mode:

• The trigger event source in the measure layer must be set for immediate, e xternal, trigger

Measurement Options 2-19

a data storage operation.

buffer.

DCV (normal) ACV (RMS or average) DCI (normal) ACI (RMS or average)

2 (normal)

link or timer. Also, any “multiple displays” and scanning must be disabled.

Ω

NOTE BENCH reset sets the trigger event source to immediate, and disables “multiple dis-

plays” and scanning (see BENCH DEFAULTS).

When burst mode is selected, the instrument is temporarily conﬁgured to take fast measurements; autoranging is disabled, integration time is set to 0.01 PLC (167µsec), resolution is ﬁxed at 4.5 digits, buffer data group is set for compact, and buffer control is set to ﬁll-and-stop.

Perform the following steps to perform burst data storage:

1. Conﬁgure the instrument’s function, range and triggering to be compatible with burst mode.

2. Press CONFIG and then STORE to display the CONFIG DATA STORE menu.

3. Using the cursor keys ( and ), select BURST-MODE and press ENTER.

NOTE Enabling burst mode clears the buffer.

4. Select ON and press ENTER. If the instrument conﬁguration is compatible with burst mode, this action displays the buffer size, places the unit in idle, and takes it out of autorange.

5. Use the cursor and RANGE keys to change the buffer size. With the desired buffer size displayed, press ENTER.

6. When ready , press TRIG to start the acquisition process. The ARM annunciator turns on when the raw readings are being acquired. The asterisk(*) annunciator turns on when the readings are being post-processed. Both indicators turn off when post-processing is complete.

7. To recall stored readings, press RECALL. Use the RANGE keys to scroll through the buffer.

NOTE For complete information on burst mode, see Section 2 of the User’s Manual.

2-20 Measurement Options

Math

The MATH key lets you perform math operations on single readings and display the result. The three math calculations that are conﬁgured from the CONFIGURE MATH menu structure are:

Polynomial:

where: X is the normal display reading

Percent:

Ya2()X2a1()Xa0()++=

a2, a1, and a0 are user entered constants Y is the displayed result

Input Reading

Percent

--------------------------------- -

Target Value

100

where: Input Reading is the normal display reading

Target Value is the user entered constant Percent is the displayed result

Percent Deviation:

where: X is the normal display reading

Y is the REL value for the selected function PD is the displayed result (percent deviation)

Selecting and conﬁguring math

The procedure to select and conﬁgure a math calculation is summarized as follows:

1. Press CONFIG and then MATH to display the following math ﬁlter menu options: NONE: Select no calculation when the MATH key is pressed. POLYNOMIAL: Select the polynomial calculation and enter the constants (a2, a1, and

a0). PERCENT: Select the percent calculation and enter the target value (reference). PERCENT DEVIATION: Select the percent deviation calculation.

2. Use the menu items to select and conﬁgure math. A menu item is selected by placing the cursor (using and keys) on it and pressing ENTER. Parameter values are changed using the cursor keys and the RANGE keys, and then pressing ENTER. See MENUS if you need more information to navigate through the menu structure.

XY–()

------------------

100×=

Enabling math

The selected math calculation is enabled by simply pressing the MATH key. When enabled, the MATH annunciator turns on and the calculation type (NONE, POLY, %, or % DEV) is displayed. Also, one of the following messages is brieﬂy displayed:

Math Enabled

Display = NONE (reading)

Math Enabled

Display = POLY (reading)

Math Enabled

Display = % (reading)

Math Enabled

Display = % DEV (reading)

Measurement Options 2-21

Math is disabled by pressing MATH a second time.

Additional math operations

In addition to the math performed on single readings described above, the Model 2002 has these math operations:

• Math performed on buffered readings (maximum and minimum values, average, and standard deviation).

• Math performed on single readings as part of a pass/fail limits test.

• Math performed on scanned readings (ratio and delta).

NOTE Complete information on MATH is provided in Section 2 of the User’s Manual.

Figure 11

Combining math calculations

Raw

Measurement

Second

Measurement

Polynomial,

Percent,

Percent Deviation

MAX, MIN

Math

Value Displayed

Ratio, Delta

Multiple Displays

2-22 Measurement Options

Internal scanning

The Model 2002 can be used with a scanner card (such as the Model 2001-SCAN or 2001TCSCAN) installed in the option slot of the instrument. This section provides basic information for scanning internal channels. If the scanner card is not already installed, refer to the scanner card instruction manual.

NOTE For complete information on scanning (internal and external), refer to Section 2 in

the User’s Manual, and the scanner card instruction manuals.

NOTE The following steps assume that the Model 2002 is set to the BENCH reset default

conditions (see BENCH DEFAULTS).

Figure 12

Model 2001-SCAN and Model 2001-TCSCAN

Channel 1

Channels 2–4

Channel 5

Channel 6

Channels 7–9

Channel 10

HI LO

4-POLE

2-POLE

HI LO

OUT A

OUT B

Channel 1 Reference

Output

Channels 2–4

Channel 5

Channel 6

Channels 7–9

Channel 10

HI LO

OUT A

OUT B

2-POLE4-POLE

Conﬁgure internal channels

A unique measurement function can be assigned to each of the internal scanner card channels. For example, DCV can be assigned to channels 1 and 2, and and 4. Also, scanner card channels can be skipped during the scan by designating them as no channels (---).

Perform the following steps to conﬁgure internal channels:

1. Press CONFIG and then CHAN to display the CONFIGURE CHANNELS menu.

2. Using the cursor keys ( and ), select INTERNAL-CHANS and press ENTER to display the currently selected function for each channel.

3. Function assignments can be changed by placing the cursor on the channel and then using the RANGE keys ( to skip the channel during the scan.

4. With the desired function assignments displayed, use the EXIT key to back out of the menu structure.

Conﬁgure scan

Perform the following steps to conﬁgure the Model 2002 for an internal scan:

1. Press CONFIG and the SCAN to display the SCAN OPERATION menu options.

2. Use the cursor keys ( and ) to select INTERNAL and press ENTER.

Measurement Options 2-23

2 can be assigned to channels 3

and ▼ ) to display the desired function. Select “---” if you wish

Ω

▲

▼

Perform the scan

Perform the following steps to scan internal channels:

1. Press SCAN to display the currently programmed scan count. The scan count speciﬁes the number of scans to be performed.

2. To change the scan count, use the cursor keys ( and ) and RANGE keys (

). Press ENTER to continue.

3. You will then be asked if you wish to use the scan timer to provide a time interval between scans. A. Yes – If you wish to use the scan timer , select YES and press ENTER to display the

present interval (in seconds). To change the interval, use the cursor keys and RANGE keys. Press ENTER to continue.

B. No – If you do not wish to use the scan timer, select NO and press ENTER.

4. You will then be asked if you wish to store the readings in the buffer. A. Yes – If you want to use the buffer, select YES and press ENTER. A message indi-

cating how many readings will be stored in the b uffer is displayed. Press ENTER to continue.

B. No – If you do not wish to use the buffer, select NO and press ENTER.

5. With the message “Press ENTER to begin” displayed, press ENTER to start the scan process. If using the buffer , readings can be recalled by pressing RECALL and using the RANGE keys to scroll through the data points.

and

2-24 Measurement Options

Close/Open channels

The CHAN key is used to close an internal channel or channel pair (for 4-wire functions), or open any internal closed channel or channel pair. Perform the following steps to close or open channels:

1. Press CHAN to display the following CHANNEL SELECTION options: CLOSE-CHANNEL: Use to close a channel or channel pair on the internal scanner card. OPEN-ALL-CHANNELS: Opens all channels on the scanner card.

2. Select the desired option and press ENTER. Selecting CLOSE-CHANNEL prompts you to enter the channel to be closed. Use the cursor keys and RANGE keys to display the channel number and press ENTER. The number of the closed channel will be displayed along with the reading.

NOTE If a 4-wire function is selected, both the selected c hannel and the pair ed c hannel will

close. Channel pairs are 1-6, 2-7, 3-8, 4-9 and 5-10.

Ratio and delta calculations

With RATIO or DELTA selected from the SCAN OPERATION menu, the Model 2002 can measure two speciﬁed internal scanner channels (reference channel and measure channel) and then compute the ratio or difference (delta) between them. Valid measurement functions for ratio and delta include DCV,

Ratio and delta are calculated as follows:

2 and Ω 4.

Measurement Options 2-25

Ratio

Delta Measure Reference–=

Perform the following steps to perform ratio or delta calculations:

1. Select and conﬁgure ratio or delta as follows. Note that a menu item is selected by placing the cursor (using and keys) on it and pressing ENTER. See MENUS if you need more information to navigate through the menu structure.

• Press CONFIG

• Press SCAN

• Select RATIO or DELTA

• Select MEASURE

• Select CH1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10

• Select REFERENCE

• Select CH1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10

• Select FUNCTION

• Select DCV, Use the EXIT key to back out of the menu structure.

2. Press SCAN to halt triggers (instrument goes into idle).

3. To start ratio or delta measurements, press SCAN or TRIG. The displayed readings are the result of the ratio or delta calculation.

4. To stop ratio or delta measurements, press EXIT.

Measure

----------------------- -=

Reference

2 or Ω 4

Ω

WARNING:NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

CAUTION:FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

WARNING:

NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

WARNING:

NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

CAUTION:

FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

CAUTION:

FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

2-26 Measurement Options

External scanning

The Model 2002 can be used with a scanner card (such as the Model 7011 Multiplexer Card) installed in an external scanning mainframe (Model 7001 or 7002 Switch System). W ith the use of external triggering, the Model 2002 can measure and store each scanned channel.

NOTE For complete information on scanning (external and internal), refer to Section 2 in

the User’s Manual, and the switch system and scanner card instruction manual.

NOTE The following steps assume that the Model 2002 is set to the BENCH reset default

conditions (see SETTING UP BENCH DEF A ULTS) and the Model 7001/2 is set to the RESET default conditions.

Trigger connections

Figure 13

Trigger connections using trigger link

If using Trigger Link, connect the Model 2002 to the switch system as sho wn in Figure 13. If using conventional e xternal triggering, connect the instruments as sho wn in Figure 14. Detailed information on triggers is provided in Section 2 of the User’s Manual.

7001 or 7002 Switch System

MADE IN USA

OUT

Trigger

Link

Trigger

Link Cable

(8501)

2002 Multimeter

IN OUT

Trigger

Link

WARNING:NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

CAUTION:FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

WARNING:

NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

WARNING:

NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

CAUTION:

FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

CAUTION:

FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

Measurement Options 2-27

Figure 14

Trigger connections using

7001 or 7002 Switch System

conventional external triggering

Conﬁgure external channels

A unique measurement function can be assigned to each of the external scanner card channels. For example, DCV can be assigned to channels 1 and 2, and 3 and 4. Also, scanner card channels can be skipped during the scan by designating them as no channels (---).

Perform the following steps to conﬁgure external channels:

MADE IN USA

Channel

Ready

7051-2

BNC to BNC

Cables (2)

External

Trigger

External

Trigger

Input

2002 Multimeter

Meter

Complete

Output

2 can be assigned to channels

Ω

1. Press CONFIG and then CHAN to display the CONFIGURE CHANNELS menu options.

2. Using the cursor keys ( and ), select EXTERNAL-INPUTS and press ENTER to display the number of external inputs to be scanned.

3. Use the cursor keys and the RANGE keys to display the number of channels to be scanned and press ENTER. For example, if the scan list is going to consist of 10 channels, then set the number of external inputs to 10.

4. You will then have the opportunity to set a unique measurement function for each external channel. A. DEFAULT – To assign the presently selected function to all external channels, se-

lect DEFAULT and press ENTER.

B. CHOOSE-FUNCTIONS – To change function assignments, perform the following

steps: a. Select CHOOSE-FUNCTIONS and press ENTER. You can use RANGE keys

to check the present function assignment for each external channel.

b. T o change a function assignment, use the RANGE k eys to display the channel

and press ENTER.

c. For the displayed channel, place the cursor on the desired function and press

ENTER.

d. Repeat steps b and c for other channels.

2-28 Measurement Options

Conﬁgure scan

Perform the following steps to conﬁgure the Model 2002 for an external scan:

1. Press CONFIG and then SCAN to display the SCAN OPERATION menu options.

2. Use the cursor keys ( and ) to select EXTERNAL and press ENTER.

Perform the scan

Perform the following steps to scan external channels. Note that menu items are selected by placing the cursor on it and pressing ENTER. A parameter value is changed by using the RANGE keys and pressing ENTER.

1. Model 2002 – Press SCAN to display the “CONFIG EXT SCANNER; Reset scanner” message.

2. Switch System – If not already done, reset the Model 7001/2 as follows:

• Press MENU

• Select SAVESETUP

• Select RESET

• Select ENTER

e. Use the EXIT key to back out of the menu structure.

Use the EXIT key to back out of the menu structure.

3. Model 2002 – Press ENTER to display the next message; “CONFIG EXT SCANNER; Set CHAN COUNT to inﬁnite”.

4. Switch System – Set the channel count to inﬁnite as follows:

• Press SCAN

• Select SELECT-CONTROL

• Select NUMBER-OF-CHANS

• Select CHAN-COUNT

• Select INFINITE Note: Do not exit from the menu structure after selecting an inﬁnite channel count.

5. Model 2002 – Select the appropriate trigger source. If using the Trigger Link, select TRIGLINK. If you are instead using conventional external triggering, select EXTERNAL. The “CONFIG EXT SCANNER” message to set channel spacing for the Switch System will then be displayed.

Measurement Options 2-29

6. Switch System – Set channel spacing as follows. Note that the message on the Model 2002 tells you which channel spacing option to select.

• Select CHANNEL-SPACING

• Select TRIGLINK or EXTERNAL Use the EXIT key to back out of the menu structure.

7. Model 2002 – Press ENTER. The display will prompt you to deﬁne the scan list for the Switch System.

8. Switch System – Deﬁne the scan list.

9. Model 2002 – Press ENTER to display ‘CONFIG EXT SCANNER; STEP scanner to ﬁrst channel”.

10. Switch System – Press STEP to close the ﬁrst channel in the scan.

11. Model 2002 – Press ENTER to display the currently programmed scan count. The scan count speciﬁes the number of scans to be performed. To change the scan count, use the cursor keys ( and ) and RANGE keys (▲ and ▼). Press ENTER to continue.

12. Model 2002 – You will then be asked if you wish to use the scan timer. The timer is used to provide a time interval between each scan. If you select YES, enter the interval (in seconds).

13. Model 2002 – You will then be asked if you wish to store the readings in the buffer. If you select YES, a message indicating the total number of readings to be stored in the buffer will be displayed. Press ENTER to continue.

14. Model 2002 – With the message “Press ENTER to begin” displayed, press ENTER to start the scan process.

15. After the scan is completed, options to recall readings or repeat the scan will be displayed:

• RECALL-DATA – Select this option to recall readings. Use the cursor keys and the

range keys to scroll through the buffer. When ﬁnished, press EXIT to return to the post-scan options.

• SCAN-AGAIN – Use this option to repeat the scan.

• EXIT – Use this option to disable the scan.

IEEE-488 Bus

Operation

3-2 IEEE-488 Bus Operation

Software support

Several support alternatives are available for the Model 2002. Contact your local Keithley

representative for more detailed information.

Keithley software subroutines in BASIC, C, and Pascal

T o help users de velop softw are faster, Microsoft QuickBASIC, Microsoft BASIC, Microsoft QuickC, and Borland TurboPascal subroutines are provided for several common functions: instrument setup, measurement acquisition, data storage, and data and graphical display. These subroutines can be used as-is to build applications programs, or can be easily translated to meet unique requirements, if desired.

Keithley start-up package

A start-up package, based on the BASIC language subroutines, is also included to pro vide basic instrument operation in a simple context. This package can be used for acquiring data or can be modiﬁed to perform more specialized functions.

IEEE-488 interfaces supported

Capital Equipment Corporation, any version (v3.01 or later) and KPC488.2

National Instruments NI-488 for PCII or PCIIA, rev. C.11 or C.12

National Instruments NI-488.2 for PCII/IIA or AT-GPIB, rev. 1.5

IOtech Driver 488, at least v2.6

MET/CAL™ 1 routines

Routines to calibrate (adjust and/or verify) the Model 2002 on a MET/CAL system are av ailable free.

Semi-automatic calibration program

For users with a PC who want to speed calibration, a program is available that prompts the operator through setup and calibration of the 2002.

LabWindows® 2 drivers, LabView drivers

National Instruments has prepared drivers to operate in conjunction with this data acquisition package.

MET/CAL™ is a trademark of the John Fluke Mfg. Co., Inc.

LabWindows® is a trademark of National Instruments.

IEEE-488 bus standards

For remote operation, the Model 2002 uses the IEEE-488 bus for communication between instrumentation and the controller (computer). The IEEE-488 bus is also kno wn as the GPIB (General Purpose Interface Bus).

In addition to conforming to the IEEE-488-1978 and IEEE-488.1-1987 standards, the Model 2002 also conforms to the IEEE-488.2-1987 standard and the SCPI 1991 (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments) standard. These two standards allo w most instrument operations to be performed with the use of command commands and SCPI commands.

IEEE-488 bus connections

The Model 2002 is connected to the IEEE-488 bus using a cable terminated with standard IEEE-488 connectors. Figure 15 shows a typical connection scheme for a multi-unit test system. Note that connectors can be stacked to accomodate the parallel connection scheme.

IEEE-488 Bus Operation 3-3

To minimize interference caused by electromagnetic radiation, only use shielded IEEE-488 cables, such as the Keithley Models 7007-1 and 7007-2.

Figure 15

IEEE-488 connections

Instrument

Instrument Instrument

Controller

3-4 IEEE-488 Bus Operation

Primary address selection

The Model 2002 is shipped from the factory with a programmed primary address of 16. The address is displayed on power-up. Programming examples in this manual assume a primary address of 16.

Perform the following steps to check and/or change the primary address:

1. Press MENU to display the MAIN MENU.

2. Place the cursor on GPIB and press ENTER to display the GPIB/PRINT SETUP options.

3. Place the cursor on ADDRESSABLE and press ENTER to display the primary address.

4. To change the address, use the cursor keys and the range ke ys to display the desired address and, press ENTER.

NOTE Each device on the bus must have a unique address. Typically, the computer uses ad-

dress 0 or 21.

5. Use the EXIT key to back out of the menu structure.

Common commands

Common commands are common to all IEEE-488 devices on the bus. The following information summarizes the Common commands that are used most often. For complete details, refer to Section 3 in the User’s Manual.

*CLS

(clear status)

Clears all event registers and Error Queue. After clearing an event register, you can monitor the register for a bit to set, indicating that an event (such as the buffer becoming full) has occurred.

*SAV <NRf>

(save)

IEEE-488 Bus Operation 3-5

Saves the instrument setup to the speciﬁed memory location (0 to 9). The number of av ailable memory locations depends on the memory option that is installed. With no extended memory, only location 0 is valid. With MEM1, locations 0 to 4 are valid. With MEM2, locations 0 to 9 are valid. Example: To save the setup to memory location 0, send

*RCL <NRf>

(recall)

Returns the instrument to the instrument setup saved at the speciﬁed memory location. Example: To recall the setup saved at memory location 0, send

*TRG

(trigger)

When a trigger model control source is set for BUS, event detection is satisﬁed by sending this bus trigger. For example, if instrument operation is waiting at the measure (trigger) layer control source and it is programmed for BUS events, ing in a device action (measurement).

*WAI

(wait to continue)

This delay is used to allow the ish before processing any further commands. An until instrument operation returns to the idle state.

*TRG

or an initiate command (

INITiate

*SAV 0

*RCL 0

will provide the required event result-

*TRG

:INIT

:INIT:CONT ON

command is not considered ﬁnished

) to ﬁn-

3-6 IEEE-488 Bus Operation

SCPI commands

In the Model 2002 Multimeter, you are gi ven access to control settings that are hidden on other instruments. The increased capability does, however, produce increased complexity. To accommodate this, the multimeter incorporates the Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI) command set.

Because the instrument has more control points available, it requires more commands than its counterparts to perform comparable tasks. Also, since the command set is much larger than that of other instruments, ﬁnding the right commands to do the job is more difﬁcult. Finally, SCPI command names are longer than command names in other instruments.

This introduction to the SCPI command set has three goals:

• Describe the syntax of SCPI commands. Included are descriptions of short forms and default nodes, which help reduce the amount of data sent to the instrument.

• Provide some simple programs to perform commonly used tasks.

• Describe the SCPI commands used in the example programs so you can modify the programs to suit your needs.

SCPI command syntax

Tree structure

SCPI commands are organized in a tree structure, similar to disk directories in computer operating systems. Each subdirectory is called a subsystem. For example, part of the system is listed below and shown in Figure 16.

[SENSe[1]]

:DATA? :FUNCtion "<name>" :VOLTage

:DC

:RANGE

[:UPPer] <n> :AUTO <Boolean> | ONCE

:REFerence <n>

:STATe <Boolean> :ACQuire

IEEE-488 Bus Operation 3-7

SENSe1

sub-

Figure 16

Hierarchy of the example SENSe1 commands

:DATA? :FUNCtion

:RANGe :REFerence

[:UPPer]

:AUTO

SENSe1

:VOLTage

:DC

:STATe :ACQuire

3-8 IEEE-488 Bus Operation

A command summary table is a way of documenting SCPI commands, but it does not show complete command names. A complete command is formed by joining the components. For example, the complete

SENSe1:VOLTage:DC:REFerence:STATe

Note that square brackets are not part of the command; they indicate optional parts of the command.

This hierarchical approach permits the same command to be used many times. For e xample, many subsystems contain a command is unique. This is analogous to having a ﬁle named INDEX.TXT, for example, in each directory of your computer's hard disk. Although the ﬁles have the same name, they are unique because they are each in a different directory.

:STATe

command in the example is:

:STATe

command, but each one is unique because the complete

Long and short form commands

Every SCPI command has a short form, and most also have a long form. The notation used in documentation shows the short form in upper case, with the remainder of the name, which creates the long form, shown in lower case. There are no intermediate forms of the command name - you must send the exact short or long form. However, you do not have to use the mixed capitalization - the Model 2002 accepts commands in any combination of upper and lo wer case. For example, all of the following are valid forms of the mand:

sense1:voltage:dc:reference:state

sens1:volt:dc:ref:stat

SENS1:volt:DC:rEFErENCe:STat

SENSe1:VOLTage:DC:REFerence

com-

Query commands

With few exceptions, every SCPI command has a corresponding query. A command sets a control point in the instrument; a query determines the present setting of the control point. The query is simply the command name with a "?" attached.

Some commands are actions rather than control point settings. These commands ha ve no query form. For example,

SENSe1:VOLTage:DC:REFerence:ACQuire

is an action command, not a setting, and so has no query form.

IEEE-488 Bus Operation 3-9

There are some queries that have no corresponding command. For example, causes the instrument to return the latest reading. Of course, there is no corresponding command to send a reading value into the instrument.

Default nodes

SCPI uses the concept of default nodes. Consider the example command tree shown previously in Figure 16. What is within square brackets is not necessary to send to the instrument, b ut the instrument will accept it if you send it. Consider the surement range. To set the Mode 2002 to measure 15VDC, any of the following commands works:

SENSe1:VOLTage:DC:RANGe:UPPer 15

SENSe:VOLTage:DC:RANGe:UPPer 15

SENSe1:VOLTage:DC:RANGe 15

VOLTage:DC:RANGe:UPPer 15

VOLTage:DC:RANGe 15

These are shown in long form, but short forms could also be used.

:UPPer

command, which sets the mea-

SENSe1:DATA?

3-10 IEEE-488 Bus Operation

Command syntax

Notice in the preceding examples that there is no colon character at the beginning of the commands. A leading colon instructs the Model 2002 to interpret the command starting at the root (highest level) of the command tree. Since the Model 2002 also starts at the root each time you send it a new command, the leading colon is not needed (although the instrument will accept it if you send it).

You can send multiple commands in a single message. You separate the commands with a semicolon character. When the Model 2002 encounters a command follo wing a semicolon, it attempts to interpret the command starting at the level of the previous command, unless you precede the second command with a colon. For example, either of the following comand strings programs the Model 2002 to the 20VDC range and uses 5VDC as a relative v alue (with the REFerence commands):

volt:dc:rang 20;ref 5;ref:stat on

volt:dc:rang 20;:volt:dc:ref 5;:volt:dc:ref:stat on

The two command strings are treated identically by the Model 2002. In the ﬁrst string when the instrument encounter

• It is not the ﬁrst command in the string.

• There is no leading colon on the command.

• The previous command was at the

Therefore, it interprets the command as if it were at the

";ref 5"

, it notices the following:

VOLTage:DC

level.

VOLTage:DC

level.

SCPI signal oriented commands

Signal oriented commands are used to acquire readings using a set of high-lev el instructions

to control the measurement process. The two most commonly used commands are

:MEASure?

ual.

:FETCh?

This query command is used to request the latest post-processed reading. After sending this command and addressing the Model 2002 to talk, the reading will be sent to the computer . This command does not trigger a measurement, it simply requests the last available reading.

:MEASure[:<function>]?

. Details on all signal oriented commands are covered in Section 3 in the User’s Man-

Ω

IEEE-488 Bus Operation 3-11

:FETCh?

and

In general, this command places the instrument in the “one-shot” measurement mode (ARM indicator off), triggers a single measurement, and then performs a

If you include the measurement function with this command, the instrument will ﬁrst go to the speciﬁed function and then perform the one-shot measurement and query, as follows:

:MEASure?

:MEASure:VOLTage:DC?

:MEASure:VOLTage:AC?

:MEASure:CURRent:DC?

:MEASure:CURRent:AC?

:MEASure:RESistance?

:MEASure:FRESistance?

:MEASure:FREQuency?

:MEASure:TEMPerature?

Currently selected function DCV function ACV function DCI function ACI function

2 function

4 function FREQ function TEMP function

:FETCh?

3-12 IEEE-488 Bus Operation

SCPI subsystem commands

Detailed information an all SCPI commands are covered in the User’ s Manual. In this section,

only the command used for basic operation are summarized.

Defaults

:SYSTem

:PREset

:POSetup <name>

Fresh readings

[:SENSe[1]] SENSe Subsystem

:DATA:FRESh? Requests a “fresh” reading. This command will not re-

:CALCulate[1] CALCulate Subsystem

:DATA:FRESh? Requests a “fresh” calculated reading. When CALC1

Function conﬁguration

SYSTem Subsystem

Set the 2002 to the system present defaults. Some of the selected defaults include: DCV, continuous triggers, normal speed (1.0 PLC), auto range and auto ﬁlter. Select power-on setups:

SAV9. Instrument will power up to the *RST or system

present defaults, or one of the

quest the same reading twice. If a new reading has already been triggered, this command will wait until the new reading is available.

is enabled, sens:data:fres? is the reading before calculation and calc:data:fres? is the reading after calculation. When CALC1 is disabled, the readings are the same.

, PRESet or SAV0 through

RST

*SAV0 – *SAV9 setups.

[:SENSe[1]] SENSe Subsystem

:FUNCtion <name> Select measurement function:

<name> ='VOLTage:DC' DCV function

'VOLTage:AC' ACV function 'CURRent:DC' DCI function 'CURRent:AC' ACI function 'RESistance' Ω2 function 'FRESistance' Ω4 function 'FREQuency' FREQ function 'TEMPerature' TEMP function

IEEE-488 Bus Operation 3-13

:VOLTage:DC Path to conﬁgure DCV:

:NPLC <n> Set speed: 0.01 to 10 PLC.

:AUTO Enable or disable auto NPLC.

:RANGe Path to conﬁgure measurement range:

[:UPPer] <n> Specify expected reading to select range. :AUTO <n> Enable or disable auto range.

:REFerence <n> Specify reference (rel): -1100 to +1100.

:STATe Enable or disable reference (rel). :ACQuire Use input signal as reference (rel).

:DIGits <n> Specify measurement resolution (see note 1).

:AUTO Enable or disable auto resolution.

:AVERage Path to control the ﬁlter (see note 2).

[:STATe] Enable or disable the ﬁlter. :TCONtrol <name> Select ﬁlter type (MOVing or REPeat). :COUNt <n> Specify the ﬁlter count (1 to 100). :AUTO Enable or disable auto ﬁlter.

:VOLTage:AC Path to conﬁgure ACV:

(DCV commands) The commands listed to conﬁgure DCV apply. :COUPling <name> Specify input coupling: AC or DC. :DETector Path to select AC type:

[:FUNCtion] <name> Select AC type: RMS, AVERage, PEAK, LFRMs,

NPEak or PPEak.

:PWINdow <n> Specify window in seconds (0.1 to 9.9) for NPEak

PPEak

:CURRent:DC

(DCV commands) The commands listed to conﬁgure DCV apply. :METHod <name> Select measure technique: NORMal, ICIRcuit.

:CURRent:AC Path to conﬁgure ACI:

(DCV commands) The commands listed to conﬁgure DCV apply. :COUPling <name> Specify input coupling: AC or DC. :DETector Path to select AC type:

[:FUNCtion] <name> Select AC type: RMS or AVERage.

:RESistance Path to conﬁgure Ω2:

(DCV commands) The commands listed to conﬁgure DCV apply. :OCOMpensated Enable or disable offset compensation.

:FRESistance Path to conﬁgure Ω4:

(DCV commands) The commands listed to conﬁgure DCV apply. :OCOMpensated Enable or disable offset compensation.

Path to conﬁgure DCI:

3-14 IEEE-488 Bus Operation

:FREQuency Path to conﬁgure FREQ:

:COUPling <name> Specify input coupling: AC or DC. :REFerence <n> Specify reference (rel): 0 to 15e6.

:STATe Enable or disable reference (rel).

:ACQuire Use input signal as reference (rel). :DIGits <n> Specify measurement resolution: 4 or 5. :SOURce <name> Select source: CURRent or VOLTage. :THReshold Path to conﬁgure threshold:

:CURRent Path to set current threshold:

:VOLTage Path to conﬁgure voltage threshold:

:TEMPerature Path to conﬁgure TEMP (RTD):

(DCV commands) DCV commands (except :RANGe ) apply. :TRANsducer <name> Select transducer: RTD, FRTD or TCouple. :RTD Path to conﬁgure RTD measurements:

:TYPE <name> Select parameters: PT385, PT3916, PT100, D100

:ALPHa <NRf> Specify alpha constant for USER: 0 to 0.01.

:BETA <NRf> Specify beta constant for USER: 0 to 1.

:DELTa <NRf> Specify delta constant for USER: 0 to 5.

:RZERo <NRf> Specify rzero constant for USER: 0 to 1000.

:RANGe <n> Specify range: 0 to 1. :LEVel <n> Specify level: ±60% of max signal level.

:RANGe <n> Specify range: 0 to 1000. :LEVel <n> Specify level: ±60% of max signal level. :TTL Set threshold to TTL level.

F100, or USER.

Notes:

1. Resolution (

:DIGits) parameters:

All functions except FREQ and TEMP — 3.5 to 8.5. FREQ— 4 to 5. TEMP — 4 to 7.

2. An advanced ﬁlter is av ailable for DCV, ACV, DCI, ACI, Ω2, and Ω4. Refer to the User’ s

Manual to use the advanced ﬁlter.

Measurement units (ACV and TEMP)

:UNIT UNIT Subsystem

:TEMPerature <name> Select units for TEMP: C, F, or K. :VOLTage Path to conﬁgure units for ACV:

:AC <name> Select units for ACV: V, DB, or DBM.

:DB Path to set dB reference voltage:

:REFerence <n> Specify reference (volts): 0.001 to 750.

:DBM Path to set dBm reference impedance:

:IMPedance <n> Specify reference (Ω): 1 to 9999.

Data store (Buffer)

:TRACe TRACe Subsystem

:EGRoup <name> Select element group: FULL or COMPact. :POINts <n> Specify buffer size. :FEED <name> Select reading source: SENSe, CALCulate or NONE.

:CONTrol <name> Select control mode and enable buffer: NEVer, NEXT,

IEEE-488 Bus Operation 3-15

ALWays or PRETrigger.

Note: See User’s Manual to use

Open/close channels and scan

:ROUTe ROUTe Subsystem

:CLOSe <list> Close speciﬁed channel.

:STATe? Query the closed channel. :OPEN <list> Open speciﬁed channel. :OPEN:ALL Open all channels. :SCAN Path to control scanning (see note):

[:INTernal] <list> Specify internal scan list: 2 to 10 chans.

:EXTernal <list> Specify external scan list: 2 to 80 chans.

:LSELect <name> Enable the speciﬁed scan: INTernal, EXTernal, RA-

Note: See User’s Manual to use

:PRETrigger.

, DELTa or NONE (see note).

Tio

:RATio and :DELTa.

3-16 IEEE-488 Bus Operation

Trigger model

Performing a system preset (:SYSTem:PRESet) conﬁgures the trigger model for typical instrument operation. After a system preset, man y advanced operations can be accomplished using the initiate commands, :ABORt, and the trigger (measure) layer commands. All of the following commands are part of the Trigger Subsystem.

:INITiate

[:IMMediate] :CONTinuous Enable or disable continuous initiation.

:ABORt Reset trigger system. Instrument stays in idle if continu-

:TRIGger Path to conﬁgure the trigger layer:

:SOURce <name> Select control source: IMMediate, TIMer, MANual, BUS,

:TIMer <n> Set timer interval (sec): 0 to 9999999.999. :DELay <n> Set delay between measurements (sec) 0 to

Take the instrument out of idle (ARM indicator on).

ous initiation is disabled (off).

TLINk, EXTernal or HOLD.

999999.999.

Status register

The status register structure of the Model 2002 lets you monitor and act upon numerous events that occur. Many programming decisions can be made by monitoring the Measurement Event Register and the Operation Event Re gister . See the User’s Manual for details of the status registers.

:STATus STATus Subsystem.

:MEASurement Path for measurement status registers:

:OPERation Path for operation status registers:

When an event register is read, a decimal v alue is sent to the computer. The binary equi valent determines which bits in the register are set. For example, a decimal value of 33 indicates that bits B0 and B5 are set. An e v ent register is cleared when it is read. Sending registers.

Some of the more useful bits of these event registers are summarized as follows:

Measurement Event Register Operation Event Register

Bit B0 set = Reading Overﬂow Bit B4 set = Measuring

Bit B5 set = Reading Available Bit B9 set = Calculating

Bit B7 set = Buffer Available Bit B10 set = Idle

Bit B8 set = Buffer Half Full

Bit B9 set = Buffer Full

IEEE-488 Bus Operation 3-17

:[:EVENt]? Use to read the Measurement Event Register.

[:EVENt]? Use to read the Operation Event Register.

*CLS clears all event

3-18 IEEE-488 Bus Operation

Program examples

All examples presume QuickBASIC version 4.5 or higher and a CEC IEEE-488 interface card with CEC driver version 2.11 or higher, with the Model 2002 at address 16 on the IEEE488 bus.

Changing function and range

The Model 2002 has independent controls for each of its measurement functions. This means, for example, that autorange can be turned on for DC voltage while lea ving it of f for A C v oltage.

Another difference is in the parameter to the range command. In our older instruments, a single number was used to denote each range. The parameter of the SCPI as "the maximum value to measure." The instrument interprets this parameter and goes to the appropriate range. When you query the range with scale value of its present range.

The following example program illustrates changing function and range. It sets the range for several functions, then takes readings on each of those functions.

Note that the Model 2002 rounds the range parameter to an integer before choosing the appropriate range. Sending

RANGe command is given

RANGe? the instrument sends back the full-

VOLTage:DC:RANGe 20.45 will set the Model 2002 to the 20V range.

IEEE-488 Bus Operation 3-19

'Example program to demonstrate changing function and range, 'taking readings on various functions 'For QuickBASIC 4.5 and CEC PC488 interface card

'Edit the following line to where the QuickBASIC 'libraries are on your computer '$INCLUDE: 'c:\qb45\ieeeqb.bi'

'Initialize the CEC interface as address 21 CALL initialize(21, 0)

'Reset the SENSe1 subsystem settings, along with the trigger 'model, each READ? will cause one trigger CALL SEND(16, "*rst", status%)

'Set range for each function to measure CALL SEND(16, "volt:dc:rang .1", status%) CALL SEND(16, "volt:ac:rang 20", status%) CALL SEND(16, "res:rang 10e3", status%)

'Switch to DC volts and take reading CALL SEND(16, "func 'volt:dc';:read?", status%) reading$ = SPACE$(80) CALL ENTER(reading$, length%, 16, status%) PRINT reading$

'Switch to AC volts and take reading CALL SEND(16, "func 'volt:ac';:read?", status%) reading$ = SPACE$(80) CALL ENTER(reading$, length%, 16, status%) PRINT reading$

'Switch to 2-wire ohms and take reading CALL SEND(16, "func 'res';:read?", status%) reading$ = SPACE$(80) CALL ENTER(reading$, length%, 16, status%) PRINT reading$

3-20 IEEE-488 Bus Operation

One-shot triggering

Our older DMMs generally have two types of triggering: one-shot and continuous. In oneshot, each activation of the selected trigger source causes one reading. In continuous, the DMM is idle until the trigger source is activated, at which time it begins taking readings at a speciﬁed rate. Typical trigger sources are:

• IEEE-488 talk

• IEEE-488 Group Execute Trigger (GET)

• “X” command

• External trigger (rear panel BNC)

Arming the instrument to respond to triggers is implicit in the non-SCPI DMMs. Simply sending a command to a non-SCPI DMM to change any of the trigger controls causes the instrument to arm itself for triggers.

The SCPI trigger model implemented in the Model 2002 gives you:

• Explicit control over the trigger source (the

TRIGger subsystem).

• A two-level control for arming the instrument for triggers.

• A way for completely disabling triggers.

Changing any of the settings in the

TRIGger subsystem does not automatically arm the Model

2002 for triggers.

The following program sets up the Model 2002 to take one reading each time it receives an external trigger pulse.

'Example program to demonstrate one-shot external triggering

'For QuickBASIC 4.5 and CEC PC488 interface card

'Edit the following line to where the QuickBASIC

'libraries are on your computer

'$INCLUDE: 'c:\qb45\ieeeqb.bi'

'Initialize the CEC interface as address 21

CALL initialize(21, 0)

'Reset controls in INIT, ARM;LAY1, ARM:LAY2, and TRIG subsystems

'and put trigger model in IDLE state

CALL SEND(16, "*rst", status%)

CALL SEND(16, "trig:sour ext;coun inf", status%)

'start everything

CALL SEND(16, "init", status%)

After the Model 2002 receives the INITiate command, it stops in the TRIGger layer of the trigger model, waiting for a pulse on the external trigger jack. Each time a pulse arrives on the external trigger jack, the Model 2002 takes one reading. Because to

INFinity, the trigger model never exits from the TRIGger layer . You can send the ABORt com-

mand to put the trigger model in the idle state, disabling triggers until another

TRIGger:COUNt has been set

INITiate com-

mand is sent.

Continuous triggering #1

The following example program sets up the Model 2002 to tak e readings as fast as it can once it receives an external trigger. The actual reading rate will depend upon other f actors, such as A/D integration time, autozero mode, autorange on/off, etc.

'Example program to demonstrate continuous triggering

'For QuickBASIC 4.5 and CEC PC488 interface card

'Edit the following line to where the QuickBASIC

'libraries are on your computer

'$INCLUDE: 'c:\qb45\ieeeqb.bi'

'Initialize the CEC interface as address 21

CALL initialize(21, 0)

'Reset controls in INIT, ARM;LAY1, ARM:LAY2, and TRIG subsystems

'and put trigger model in IDLE state

CALL SEND(16, "*rst", status%)

'*RST sets TRIG:SOUR to IMM

CALL SEND(16, "arm:lay2:sour ext", status%)

CALL SEND(16, "trig:coun inf", status%)

'start everything

CALL SEND(16, "init", status%)

IEEE-488 Bus Operation 3-21

TRIGger layer. Since TRIGger:SOURce is set to IMMediate, a read-

ing is triggered immediately , with a subsequent reading triggered as soon as the previous one is ﬁnished.

3-22 IEEE-488 Bus Operation

Continuous triggering #2

The following example program sets up the Model 2002 to take readings continuously after

an external trigger is received. The trigger rate is set to one reading every 50ms.

'Example program to demonstrate continuous triggering 'at a specified rate 'For QuickBASIC 4.5 and CEC PC488 interface card

'Edit the following line to where the QuickBASIC 'libraries are on your computer '$INCLUDE: 'c:\qb45\ieeeqb.bi'

'Initialize the CEC interface as address 21 CALL initialize(21, 0)

'Reset controls in INIT, ARM;LAY1, ARM:LAY2, and TRIG subsystems 'and put trigger model in IDLE state CALL SEND(16, "*rst", status%)

'*RST sets TRIG:SOUR to IMM CALL SEND(16, "arm:lay2:sour ext", status%) CALL SEND(16, "trig:coun inf;sour tim;tim .05", status%)

'start everything CALL SEND(16, "init", status%)

After the Model 2002 receives the INITiate command, it stops in ARM:LAYer2 of the trigger model, waiting for a pulse on the external trigger jack. After the external trigger signal occurs, the Model 2002 moves to the is triggered immediately, with a subsequent reading every 50ms. Because been set to inﬁnity, the trigger model never exits from the

TRIGger layer. Since TRIGger:SOURce is set to TIMer, a reading

TRIGger:COUNt has

TRIGger layer.

Generating SRQ on buffer full

When your program must wait until the Model 2002 has completed an operation, it is more efﬁcient to program the 2002 to assert the IEEE-488 SRQ line when it is ﬁnished, rather than repeatedly serial polling the instrument. An IEEE-488 controller will typically address the instrument to talk, then unaddress it, each time it performs a serial poll. Repeated polling of the Model 2002 will generally reduce its overall reading throughput. Therefore, use the function call.

The Model 2002 provides a status bit for nearly every operation it performs. It can be programmed to assert the IEEE-488 SRQ line whenever a status bit becomes true or false. The IEEE-488 controller (your computer) can examine the state of the the SRQ line without performing a serial poll, thereby detecting when the 2002 has completed its task without interrupting it in the process.

The following example program segment sets up the Model 2002 to assert SRQ when the reading buffer has completely ﬁlled, then arms the reading buffer, initiates readings, and waits for the Model 2002 to indicate that the buffer is full.

This is not a complete program. Not shown are the commands to conﬁgure the trigger model and the reading buffer (see the ne xt example). The example sho wn here can be modiﬁed for an y event in the Model 2002 status reporting system.

IEEE-488 Bus Operation 3-23

srq%()

'Reset STATus subsystem (not affected by *RST)

CALL SEND(16, "stat:pres;*cls", status%)

CALL SEND(16, "stat:meas:enab 512", status%)'enable BFL

CALL SEND(16, "*sre 1"' status%)'enable MSB

CALL SEND(16, "trac:feed:cont next", status%)

' Start everything

CALL SEND(16, "init", status%)

WaitSRQ:

IF (NOT(srq%()) THEN GOTO WaitSRQ

CALL SPOLL(16, poll%, status%)

IF (poll% AND 64)=0 THEN GOTO WaitSRQ

Notice that after the program has detected an asserted SRQ line, it serial polls the Model 2002 to determine if it is the device requesting service. This is necessary for two reasons:

• Serial polling the Model 2002 causes it to quit asserting the SRQ line.

• In test systems that have more than one IEEE-488 instrument programmed to assert SRQ, your program must determine which instrument is actually requesting service.

Once an event register has caused a service request, it cannot cause another service request until you clear it by reading it (in this case using the

*CLS command.

STATus:MEASurement[:EVENt]?) or by sending

3-24 IEEE-488 Bus Operation

Storing readings in buffer

The reading buffer in the Model 2002 is ﬂe xible and capable. It has four controls, which are

found in the

• The size of the buffer (in readings).

• Whether or not extra data is stored with each reading (e.g., channel number , timestamp).

• Where the data is coming from (before or after the CALCulate1 math post-processing).

• Select buffer control mode.

The following example program sets up the Model 2002 to tak e 20 readings as fast as it can into the buffer, then reads the data back after the buffer has ﬁlled. The readings will be stored with the timestamp, etc., but the program reads back only the reading values and timestamp.

TRACe susbsystem. There are commands to control:

TRACe:POINts <NRf>

Storing extra data reduces the maximum size of the buffer.

TRACe:EGRoup FULL include extra data TRACe:EGRoup COMPact exclude extra data

TRACe:FEED SENSe1 store unprocessed readings TRACe:FEED CALCualte1 store math processed readings

TRACe:FEED:CONTrol NEVer immediately stop storing readings TRACe:FEED:CONTrol NEXT start now, stop when buffer is full TRACe:FEED:CONTrol ALWays start now, never stop TRACe:FEED:CONTrol PRETrigger start now, stop when pretrigger is satisﬁed

IEEE-488 Bus Operation 3-25

'Example program to demonstrate the reading buffer 'For QuickBASIC 4.5 and CEC PC488 interface card

'Edit the following line to where the QuickBASIC 'libraries are on your computer '$INCLUDE: 'c:\qb45\ieeeqb.bi'

'Initialize the CEC interface as address 21 CALL initialize(21, 0)

'Reset controls in INIT, ARM;LAY1, ARM:LAY2, and TRIG subsystems 'and put trigger model in IDLE state CALL SEND(16, "*rst", status%)

'Reset STATus subsystem (not affected by *RST) CALL SEND(16, "stat:pres;*cls", status%) CALL SEND(16, "stat:meas:enab 512", status%)'enable BFL CALL SEND(16, "*sre 1", status%)'enable MSB CALL SEND(16, "trig:coun 20", status%)

'TRACe subsystem is not affected by *RST CALL SEND(16, "trac:poin 20;egr full", status%) CALL SEND(16, "trac:feed sens1;feed:cont next", status%)

'Start everything CALL SEND(16, "init", status%)

'Initialize reading$ while the 2002 is busy taking readings reading$ = SPACE$(4000)

WaitSRQ: IF (NOT(srq%) THEN GOTO WaitSRQ CALL SPOLL(16, poll%, status%) IF (poll% AND 64)=0 THEN GOTO WaitSRQ

CALL SEND(16, "form:elem read,time", status%) CALL SEND(16, "trac:data?", status%) CALL ENTER(reading$, length%, 16, status%) PRINT reading$

3-26 IEEE-488 Bus Operation

Taking readings with the scanner card

The Model 2001-SCAN is an optional 10-channel scanner card for the Model 2002 Multimeter. Only one channel can be closed at a time. If you close a channel while another is already closed, the ﬁrst one opens with break-before-make operation.

You can use the scanner card two ways. One is to issue a command to close a particular channel before sending other commands to take readings. The other way is to program the scan list, and let the meter take care of closing a channel before taking a reading. There is a fundamental difference in the instrument's behavior in these two approaches.

In the scan list, a measurement function is bound to each channel, so that when the next channel in the list closes, the meter switches to the associated function. Simply sending a channel close command, howev er , does not change the measurement function. While using the scan list, the meter responds to a trigger by ﬁrst going to the next channel in the list, then switching to the function bound to that channel, before taking a reading.

The following example program measures DC v olts on channel 1, A C volts on channel 2, and 2-wire resistance on channel 3, using the

ROUTe:CLOSe command.

IEEE-488 Bus Operation 3-27

'Example program to demonstrate taking readings on different 'scanner channels 'For QuickBASIC 4.5 and CEC PC488 interface card

'Edit the following line to where the QuickBASIC 'libraries are on your computer '$INCLUDE: 'c:\qb45\ieeeqb.bi'

'Initialize the CEC interface as address 21 CALL initialize(21, 0)

'Reset controls in INIT, ARM;LAY1, ARM:LAY2, and TRIG subsystems 'and put trigger model in IDLE state, set function to DCV CALL SEND(16, "*rst", status%)

'Close channel 1, take DC voltage reading CALL SEND(16, "rout:clos (@1);:read?", status%) reading$ = SPACE$(80) CALL ENTER(reading$, length%, 16, status%) PRINT reading$

'Close channel 2, take AC voltage reading CALL SEND(16, "func 'volts:ac'", status%) CALL SEND(16, "rout:clos (@2);:read?", status%) reading$ = SPACE$(80) CALL ENTER(reading$, length%, 16, status%) PRINT reading$

'Close channel 3, take ohms reading CALL SEND(16, "func 'res'", status%) CALL SEND(16, "rout:clos (@3);:read?", status%) reading$ = SPACE$(80) CALL ENTER(reading$, length%, 16, status%) PRINT reading$

3-28 IEEE-488 Bus Operation

The following example program sets up the Model 2002 using a scan list to measure DC v oltage on channel 1, A C v oltage on channel 2, and 2-wire resistance on channel 3. The meter tak es ten sets of readings, with each set spaced 15 seconds apart, and each of the three readings in each group taken as fast as possible. The Model 2002 stores the readings in the buffer, and asserts SRQ when the buffer is full. The program waits for the SRQ, then reads the readings from the buffer.

'Example program to demonstrate using the scan list

'For QuickBASIC 4.5 and CEC PC488 interface card

'Edit the following line to where the QuickBASIC

'libraries are on your computer

'$INCLUDE: 'c:\qb45\ieeeqb.bi'

'Initialize the CEC interface as address 21

CALL initialize(21, 0)

'Reset controls in INIT, ARM;LAY1, ARM:LAY2, and TRIG subsystems

'and put trigger model in IDLE state, set function to DCV

CALL SEND(16, "*rst", status%)

'Reset STATus subsystem (not affected by *RST)

CALL SEND(16, "stat:pres;*cls", status%)

CALL SEND(16, "stat:meas:enab 512", status%)'enable BFL

CALL SEND(16, "*sre 1", status%)'enable MSB

IEEE-488 Bus Operation 3-29

'*RST sets TRIG:SOUR to IMM CALL SEND(16, "trig:coun 3", status%) CALL SEND(16, "arm:lay2:sour tim;tim 15", status%) CALL SEND(16, "arm:lay2:coun 10", status%)

'TRACe subsystem is not affected by *RST CALL SEND(16, "trac:poin 30;egr full", status%) CALL SEND(16, "trac:feed sens1;feed:coun next", status%) ' now the buffer is armed

CALL SEND(16, "rout:scan (@1:3)", status%) CALL SEND(16, "rout:scan:func (@1), 'volt:dc'", status%) CALL SEND(16, "rout:scan:func (@2), 'volt:ac'", status%) CALL SEND(16, "rout:scan:func (@3), 'res'", status%) CALL SEND(16, "rout:lsel int", status%)

'Start everything CALL SEND(16, "init", status%)

'Initialize reading$ while the 2002 is busy taking readings reading$ = SPACE$(2500)

WaitSRQ: IF (NOT(srq%()) THEN GOTO WaitSRQ CALL SPOLL(16, poll%, status%) IF (poll% AND 64)=0 THEN GOTO WaitSRQ

CALL SEND(16, "form:elem read,time,chan", status%) CALL SEND(16, "trac:data?, status%) CALL ENTER(reading$, length%, 16, status%) PRINT reading$

Spec

For the latest specifications, refer to tek.com/keithley.

ifications

Index

Accessories 4-8 Accuracy 4-2 Amps fuse 1-7 Annunciators 1-4 Auto ﬁlter 2-16

Bench default 1-9, 2-13 Buffer 3-23, 3-24 Buffer (Data Store) 2-18 Burst mode 2-19

Cables 4-9 Channels 2-23, 2-24, 2-27, 3-15, 3-26, 3-28 Command syntax 3-10 Common commands 3-5 Conﬁguration settings 2-7 CONFIGure menus 2-6 Control source 2-12 Counters 2-13 Current measurements 1-11

Data store (Buffer) 3-15 Delta 2-25 Device action 2-13 Digital I/O 1-7 Display 1-8 Display keys 1-5, 2-2

External scanning 2-26

Fan 1-7 Filter 2-16 Filter modes 2-16 Filter types 2-16 Frequency measurements 1-14 Fresh readings 3-12 Front panel 1-4 Function keys 1-4

Idle 2-11 IEEE-488 3-18 IEEE-488 bus 3-3 IEEE-488 connector 1-7 IEEE-488.2 3-3 Input connections 1-5, 1-7 Inputs 1-5 Internal scanning 2-22

Line fuse 1-7 Long form 3-8

Main menu 2-6 Manuals 4-9 Math 2-20 Measurement ranges 1-2 Menus 2-6, 2-8 Model 1801 Nanovolt Preamp 1-3 Model 2001-SCAN 1-16, 2-22, 3-26 Model 2001-SCAN Scanner Card 1-3 Model 2001-TCSCAN 1-16, 2-22 Model 2001-TCSCAN Thermocouple Scanner

Card 1-3 Model 7001 or 7002 Switch System 2-26 Models 7007-1 and 7007-2 3-3 Multiple displays 2-2

Operation keys 1-5 Option card 1-3 Option slot 1-7 Output trigger 2-13

Percent 2-20 Percent deviation 2-20 Polynomial 2-20 Power line input 1-7 Power-up 1-8 Primary address 3-4 Product overview 1-2 Program examples 3-18 Probes 4-8, 4-9

Query commands 3-9

Range keys 1-4 Ratio 2-25 Rear panel 1-6 Relative 2-10 Resistance measurements 1-12 Resolution 2-15 RTDs 1-16

Scanner card 1-16 Scanning 2-22, 2-26 SCPI 3-3, 3-6 SCPI command syntax 3-7

SCPI signal oriented commands 3-11 SCPI subsystem commands 3-12 SENSe1 3-7 Shielding 1-12 Short form 3-8 Software support 3-2 Speciﬁcations 4Speed 2-14 SRQ 3-23 Status register 3-17

Temperature measurements 1-16 Thermocouples 1-16 Trigger 2-11 Trigger level 1-15 Trigger link 1-7, 4-8 Trigger model 2-11, 3-16 Triggering 3-20, 3-21, 3-22 Voltage measurements 1-10

Warm-up 1-8

2001-SCAN 4-9 2001-TCSCAN 4-9

All Keithley trademarks and trade names are the property of Keithley Instruments.

Specifications are subject to change without notice.

All other trademarks and trade names are the property of their respective companies.

Keithley Instruments • 28775 Aurora Road • Cleveland, Ohio 44139 • 1-800-833-9200 • tek.com/keithley

04/2022

Tektronix 2002 User manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual