Tektronix 2000 Reference manual
www.keithley.com
Model 2000 Digital Multimeter
Quick Start Guide
2000-903-01 Rev. C / October 2007
A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE
Model 2000 Digital Multimeter
Quick Start Guide
©2007, Keithley Instruments, Inc.
Document Number:
All rights reserved.
Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
2000-903-01 Rev. C / October 2007
Manual Print History Model 2000 Digital Multimeter Quick Start Guide
Manual Print History
The print history shown below lists the printing dates of all Revisions and Addenda created for this
manual. The Revision Level letter increases alphabetically as the manual undergoes subsequent
updates. Addenda, which are released between Revisions, contain important change information that
the user should incorporate immediately into the man ual. Addenda are numbered sequ entially. When a
new Revision is created, all Addenda associated with the previous Revision of the manual are
incorporated into the new Revision of the manual. Each new Revision includes a revised copy of this
print history page.
Revision A (Document Number 2000-903-01)..........................................................April 1995
Revision B (Document Number 2000-903-01)..................................................Feburary 2000
Revision C (Document Number 2000-903-01) ....................................................October 2007
All Keithley Instruments product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc.
Other brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
2000-903-01 Rev. C / October 2007
The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product an d any associated instrumentation. Although some
instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may
be present.
This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required
to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation, operation, and maintenance information carefully before using the product. Refer
to the user documentation for complete product specifications.
If the product is used in a manner not specified, the protection provided by the product warranty may be impaired.
The types of product users are:
Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the equipment is
operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained.
Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the instrument.
They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.
Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating properly, for example, setting the line voltage or
replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the user documentation. The procedures explicitly state if the
operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel.
Safety Precautions
Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, perform safe installations, and repair products. Only properly trained service
personnel may perform installation and service procedures.
Keithley Instruments products are designed for use with electrical signals that are rate d Measurement Category I and Measurement
Category II, as described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 60664. Most measurement, control, and
data I/O signals are Measurement Category I and must not be directly connected to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient
over-voltages. Measurement Category II connections require protection for high transient over-voltages often associated with local AC
mains connections. Assume all measurement, control, and data I/O connections are for connection to Category I sources unless otherwise
marked or described in the user documentation.
Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test fixtures. The
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V peak,
or 60VDC are present. A good safety practice is to expect that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before measuring.
Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that operators are
prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be exposed to potential human contact.
Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of
operating at or above 1000V, no conductive part of the circuit may be exposed.
Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance-limited sources. NEVER
connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to limit fault current
and voltage to the card.
Before operating an instrument, ensure that the line cord is connected to a properly-grounded power receptacle. Inspect the connecting
cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.
08/07
When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate main input power
!
disconnect device must be provided in close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the operator.
For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under test.
AL W AYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting cables or jumpers,
installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.
Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) ground. Always
make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being measured.
The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its specifications and operating instructions, or the safety of the
equipment may be impaired.
Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as defined in the specifications and operating information,
and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or switching card.
When fuses are used in a product, replace with the same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard.
Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground connections.
If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation requires the use of a lid
interlock.
If a screw is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the wire recommended in the user documentation.
The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in the user documentation.
The symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or measure 1000V or more, including the combined effect of normal and
common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages.
The symbol on an instrument shows that the surface may be hot. Avoid personal contact to prevent burns.
The symbol indicates a connection terminal to the equipment frame.
If this symbol is on a product, it indicates that mercury is present in the display lamp. Please note that the lamp must be properly
disposed of according to federal, state, and local laws.
The WARNING heading in the user documentation explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always read the
associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.
The CAUTION heading in the user documentation explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the
warranty.
Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.
Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables.
T o maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement components in mains circuits - including the power transformer, test leads,
and input jacks - must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses with applicable national safety approvals may be used if
the rating and type are the same. Other components that are not safety-related may be purchased from other suppliers as long as they
are equivalent to the original component (note that selected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain
accuracy and functionality of the product). If you are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a Keithley Instruments
office for information.
To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water-based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do not apply cleaner
directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that consist of a circuit board with no case or chassis
(e.g., a data acquisition board for installation into a computer) should never require cleaning if handled according to instructions. If the
board becomes contaminated and operation is affected, the board should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning/servicing.
Table of Contents
Section T opic Page
1 Introduction................................................................................................. 1-2
Operation Summary.................................................................................... 1-2
Power-on defaults................................................................................ 1-2
Remote Operation Summary ............................................................. 1-13
Table of Contents Model 2000 Digital Multimeter Quick Start Guide
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2 2000-903-01 Rev. C / October 2007
List of Figures
Section Figure Title Page
1 Figure 1-1 Basic measurement connections................................................... 1-3
Figure 1-2 Standard event status.................................................................. 1-13
Figure 1-3 Operation event status................................................................. 1-14
Figure 1-4 Measurement event status .......................................................... 1-14
Figure 1-5 Questionable event status ........................................................... 1-15
Figure 1-6 Status byte and service request (SRQ) ....................................... 1-15
List of Figures Model 2000 Digital Multimeter Quick Start Guide
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4 2000-903-01 Rev. C / October 2007
List of Tables
Section Figure Title Page
1 Table 1-1 Commands to select sense mode ................................................. 1-3
Table 1-2 Factory defaults ............................................................................. 1-7
Table 1-3 Error and status messages............................................................ 1-9
Table 1-4 IEEE-488.2 common commands and queries............................. 1-16
Table 1-5 Signal oriented measurement commands ................................... 1-17
Table 1-6 CALCulate command summary................................................... 1-18
Table 1-7 DISPlay command summary....................................................... 1-19
Table 1-8 FORMat command summary....................................................... 1-19
Table 1-9 ROUTe command summary........................................................ 1-20
Table 1-10 SENSe command summary ........................................................ 1-20
Table 1-11 STATus command summary........................................................ 1-28
Table 1-12 SYSTem command summary...................................................... 1-29
Table 1-13 TRACe command summary ........................................................ 1-29
Table 1-14 Trigger command summary......................................................... 1-30
Table 1-15 TEMPerature command summary............................................... 1-31
Table 1-16 Models 196/199 device-dependent command summary............. 1-32
Table 1-17 Models 8840A/8842A device-dependent comma nd summary.... 1-36
List of Tables Series 2600 System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual
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4 2600S-900-01 Rev. B / September 2007
In this section:
Topic Page
Introduction................................................................................1-1
Operation Summary.................................................................1-2
Section 1
Introduction
Power-on defaults..............................................................1-2
Remote Operation Summary.........................................1-13
Section 1: Introduction Model 2000 Digital Multimeter Quick Start Guide
Introduction
This quick reference guide includes summary information on front panel and remote operation for
the Model 2000 Multimeter. For detailed operating information, consult the Model 2000 User’s
Manual.Front Panel
Operation Summary
Power-on defaults
Power-on defaults are those settings the instrument assumes when it is turned on. The Model
2000 offers two choices for the settings: user or factory. With user, the instrument will power-on to
the last configuration that you saved. With factory, the instrument will power on to the factory
default settings.
To store a user configuration in memory:
1. Configure the instrument as desired for USER default.
2. Press SHIFT and then SAVE.
3. Use the ▲ and ▼ keys to select YES or NO. Note: Select NO if you do not wish to change
the last configuration that you saved.
4. Press ENTER.
To restore factory or user settings:
1. Press SHIFT and then SETUP.
2. Use the ▲ and ▼ keys to select FACTory or USER.
3. Press ENTER.
NOTE Factory default settings are listed in Table 2.
Instrument connections
Basic connections for Model 2000 measurements are shown in Figure 1. Th ese drawings show
connections to the front panel terminals (INPUTS switch in the FRONT position). If using the rear
panel terminals, place the INPUTS switch in the REAR position. Note that current (DCI and ACI)
measurements cannot be made from the rear panel terminals.
1-2 Return to Section Topics 2000-903-01 Rev. C / October 2007
Model 2000 Digital Multimeter Quick Start Guide Section 1: Introduction
!
F
500V
PEAK
FRONT/REAR
2A 250V
AMPS
HI
INPUT
LO
SENSE
Ω 4 WIRE
INPUTS
350V
PEAK
1100V
PEAK
R
Model 2000
Measure DCV, ACV,
Ω2, FREQ (PERIOD)
or TEMP *
* Temperature measurements are typically
performed through a thermocouple
scanner card, such as the Model 2001-TCSCAN.
See the User's Manual for details.
!
F
500V
PEAK
FRONT/REAR
2A 250V
AMPS
HI
INPUT
LO
SENSE
Ω 4 WIRE
INPUTS
350V
PEAK
1100V
PEAK
R
Model 2000
Measure
DCI or ACI
!
F
500V
PEAK
FRONT/REAR
2A 250V
AMPS
HI
INPUT
LO
SENSE
Ω 4 WIRE
INPUTS
350V
PEAK
1100V
PEAK
R
Model 2000
Measure
Ω4
R
Figure 1-1
Basic measurement connections
For resistance measurements (¾2 and ¾4) greater than 100k¾, more stable readings can be
achieved by using shielding. Place the resistance in a shielded enclosure and connect the shield
to INPUT LO. Shielded cable should be used such that the shield (INPUT LO) encircles the other
cable conductor(s).
Maximum inputs for the Model 2000 are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1-1
Commands to select sense mode
Function Maximum input
DCV 1000V peak
ACV 750V rms, 1000V peak, 8×107V•Hz
DCI 3A dc, 250V
ACI 3A rms, 250V
FREQ (PERIOD) 1000V peak, 8× 107V•Hz
Basic measurement procedure
1. Connect the instrument as explained in “Instrument connection”.
2. From the function keys, select the desired measurement function.
3. Use the RANGE keys to select autoranging or a manual range. Pressing the AUTO range
key toggles autoranging. You can select a different range with the ▲ and ▼ RANGE keys.
4. Take a reading from the display.
2000-903-01 Rev. C / October 2007 Return to Section T opics 1-3
Section 1: Introduction Model 2000 Digital Multimeter Quick Start Guide
Storing readings (2 to 1024)
1. Set up the instrument for the desired configuration.
2. Press the STORE key.
3. Use the , , ▲ and ▼ keys to select the number of readings to stor e in th e bu ffer.
4. Press ENTER to start the storage process. The asterisk (*) annunciator turns on to indi cate
a data storage operation. It turns off when the storage is finished.
Recalling readings
1. Press the RECALL key. The BUFFER annunciator indicates that stored readings are being
displayed. The arrow annunciator indicates that more dat a can be viewed with the , , ▲
and ▼ keys.
2. Use the , , ▲ and ▼ keys to navigate through the reading numbe rs, reading values, and
statistics. For any of the buffer st atistics ( maximum, minim um, average, st and ard devia tion)
the STA T annunciator is on.
3. Use the EXIT key to return to the normal display.
Changing speed, resolution and filter
RATE — Measurement speed (reading RATE) can be changed for any measurement function
except frequency, period, continuity and diode test. Use the RATE key to select FAST, MEDium or
SLOW. Use FAST (0.1 PLC) if speed is of primary importance (at the expense of increased noise
and fewer usable digits of resolution). SLOW (10 PLC) provides better noise performance at the
expense of speed. MEDium (1 PLC) provides a compromise between noise and speed.
DIGITS — Display resolution can be changed for any measurement function. Use the DIGITS key
to select the desired number of digits (3 to 6 ).
FILTER — Filter state (on/off) and configuration can be changed for any measurement function,
except frequency, period, continuity and diode test. The FILTER key toggles between filter on
(FILT annunciator on) and filter off. After pressing FILTER to enable the filter, you can then enter
the filter count (1 to 100), and select the filter type (moving or repeating). (If the FILT annunciator is
already on, press FILTER twice before entering the filter count.)
Changing temperature measurement configuration
Press SHIFT and then TCOUPL. Three choices are available using the ▲ and ▼ keys:
• UNITS — C, K or F. Specify units.
• TYPE — J, K or T. Specify thermocouple type.
• JUNC — SIM or CH1. Simulate a reference junction temperature (for direct thermocouple
connection to the INPUT), or use the reference junction (channel 1) provided on a switching
card. In order to keep the reference calculations update d and accurate, Channel 1 needs to
be read periodically.
To assign a value to a parameter, use the ▲ and ▼ keys to scroll to the desired parameter. Select
the
key, and use the ▲ and ▼ keys to scroll through and choose the p referred value. Select the
ENTER key to save any changes.
Relative (rel)
Rel can be used to null offsets or subtract a baseline reading from present and future read ings.
When rel is enabled by pressing REL (REL annunciator on), the instrument uses the present
reading as the relative value. Subsequent readings will be the difference between the actual input
value and the rel value. You can define a rel value for each function. Pressing REL a second time
disables rel.
1-4 Return to Section Topics 2000-903-01 Rev. C / October 2007
Model 2000 Digital Multimeter Quick Start Guide Section 1: Introduction
Percent
Input - Reference
Input
--------------------------------------------- - 100%¥=
dBm 10 log
V
2
IN
Z
REF
§
⎝⎠
⎛⎞
1mW
---------------------------------- -=
V
IN
V
REF
----------------=
Math
To enable and configure a math oper ation, press SHIFT and then the desir ed math key (MX+B, %,
dBm or dB). Use the
, , ▲ and ▼ keys to configure the math operation and press ENTER
when done. Pressing SHIFT and then the related math key a second time disables the math
operation.
MX+B
Y = mX + b
Where: X is the normal display reading.
m and b are the user entered constants.
Y is the displayed result.
Percent (%)
Where: Input is the normal display reading.
Reference is the user entered constant.
Percent is the displayed result.
dBm
Where: VIN is the DC or AC input signal.
Z
is the specified reference impedance.
REF
dB
Where:VIN is the DC or AC input signal.
V
is the specified voltage reference impedance.
REF
Measuring continuity
With this feature, the instrument alerts you with a beep when a resist ance re ading is below the set
level. To measure continuity, press SHIFT and then CONT. Use the
, , ▲ and ▼ keys to set the
resistance threshold level, and press ENTER. Connect the test leads to INPUT HI and LO.
T esting diodes
With this feature, the instrument measures the forward voltage drop of general-purpose diodes
and the zener voltage of zener diodes. To test diodes, press SHIFT and then (
▼ keys to select the test current.
). Use the ▲ and
Limit operations
With this feature, you can check to see of readings are within (“IN” displayed), below (“LO”
displayed) or above (“HI” displayed) specified low and high reading limits. You can also set the
instrument to beep when readings are inside or outside of the limit range.
2000-903-01 Rev. C / October 2007 Return to Section T opics 1-5
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