Model 43D
Dante™ to IFB Interface
User Guide
Issue 1, September 2015
This User Guide is applicable for serial numbers
M43D-00151 and later with application firmware 1.1 and later
and Dante firmware 1.2 (Ultimo 2.2.2.5) and later
Copyright © 2015 by Studio Technologies, Inc., all rights reserved
www.studio-tech.com
50028-0915, Issue 1
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Table of Contents
Revision History ............................................................ 4
Introduction ................................................................... 5
Getting Started .............................................................. 8
Configuration ................................................................ 12
Operation ...................................................................... 13
Technical Notes ............................................................. 16
Specifications ................................................................ 20
Model 43D User Guide Issue 1, September 2015
Studio Technologies, Inc. Page 3
Revision History
Issue 1, September 2015:
1. Initial release.
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Introduction
The Model 43D IFB Interface provides
broadcast-standard powered and nonpowered analog audio IFB outputs from
audio signals that are being transported
using the Dante™ Audio-over-Ethernet
media networking technology. IFB, also
known as “interruptible foldback” or talent cueing, is a method commonly used
for on-air talent and related personnel
to receive one-way (listen-only) audio
signals associated with live-event broadcasts. Especially important in sports and
entertainment events, IFB plays a crucial
role in virtually all broadcast applications
that require people to stay “in the know.”
Dante has found wide acceptance as an
audio “backbone” due to its ease of use,
high performance, strong interoperability,
and wide adoption by a large number of
equipment manufacturers. The Model 43D
is a specialized “tool” that helps to extend
Dante’s capabilities into the important but
specialized world of broadcast and production IFB.
Dante Audio-over-Ethernet technology is
used to transport the four audio channels
that are associated with two, 2-channel
IFB outputs from their source to the Model
43D. Each of the Model 43D’s two powered
IFB outputs supply operating power and
two audio channels to groups of listen-only
user devices. Two line-level analog outputs
are also provided for general-purpose use.
The Model 43D is compatible with the latest
broadcast and audio equipment that uses
Dante technology. An Ethernet connection
is all that’s required to make the Model 43D
part of a sophisticated, networked audio
system.
A Model 43D utilizes four digital audio
input channels typically provided by Danteenabled devices such as matrix intercom
systems, DSP processors, broadcast routers, and audio consoles. The powered IFB
outputs allow direct connection with listenonly user beltpacks such as the popular
Model 32A from Studio Technologies.
The line-level IFB outputs are provided for
connection with a variety of devices that
Figure 1. Model 43D standard “throw-down” front view
Figure 2. Model 43D back view
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use analog interfacing. Careful attention
to circuit design and component selection ensures that excellent audio quality
is maintained. Audio level meters provide
confirmation of system performance during setup and operation. The Model 43D
can be powered by Power-over-Ethernet
(PoE) or an external source of 12 volts DC.
Standard connectors are used for the
powered IFB outputs, line-level IFB outputs, Ethernet, and DC power interconnections. The Model 43D’s enclosure has
a “1/2-rack” 1U form factor and weighs
less than two pounds, making it well
suited for use in portable applications.
Alternately, using one of the optional rackmount front panels, one or two Model 43D
units can be mounted in a single space
(1U) of a standard 19-inch rack enclosure.
Dante Audio-over-Ethernet
Audio data is sent to the Model 43D using the Dante Audio-over-Ethernet media
networking technology. Audio signals with
a sample rate of 44.1 or 48 kHz and a bit
depth of up to 24 are supported. Four
transmitter (output) channels on associated Dante-enabled source devices can
be assigned to the Model 43D’s receiver
(input) channels using the Dante Controller application. This makes it simple to
select the way in which a Model 43D fits
into a specific application.
Applications
The Model 43D was designed to add
broadcast-standard 2-channel IFB functionality to Dante-enabled broadcast
and related applications. Combining the
networked audio capability of Dante with
traditional analog powered (“wet”) and
non-powered (“dry” or line-level) IFB
outputs allows traditional and effective
cueing methods to be maintained.
The Model 43D can be used in applications where IFB (talent cueing) channels
are created in matrix intercom systems
and become part of a Dante Audio-overEthernet network deployment. Output
ports on matrix intercom systems that
directly support Dante, such as the RTS
ADAM® with OMNEO®, can be routed
to the Model 43D’s Dante receiver (input)
channels. The Model 43D’s circuitry will
then convert these signals into standard
analog IFB audio outputs. In this way adding IFB support for RTS + OMNEO infrastructures is a simple task. Other matrix
intercom and broadcast router systems
also directly support Dante. The Model
43D can also be used with matrix intercom systems that don’t support Dante. An
external analog-to-Dante interface can be
used to convert analog intercom output
ports to Dante channels. For example, the
Studio Technologies Model 44D Audio
Interface does an excellent job of converting line-level analog signals to Dante
digital audio channels. Once in the digital
domain, these Dante channels can be interconnected with the Model 43D’s audio
input channels.
In applications where on-air talent uses
headsets with two earphones (stereo or
“dual muff”) two unique audio channels
are typically part of the provided IFB signal
source. Generally one channel is configured in a matrix intercom system as “interrupt” while the other channel is configured
as “program.” (In U.S. applications the
former signal is assigned to the left ear
and the latter signal to the right ear.) An
alternate term often used for the “interrupt” channel is “program-with-interrupt.”
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This may be more descriptive as the
function is actually a program source that
gets interrupted with talkback audio. The
“program” channel is typically a continuous source of program audio. An alternate
term is “program-only.” The source of
interrupt audio is typically a producer or
director who provides real-time information to the on-air talent.
In other applications, talent will use a
single-ear headset, “ear bud,” or in-ear
monitor, keeping the other ear accessible
to ambient audio. This is frequently done
in electronic news gathering (ENG) or
sports-broadcast applications where live
interviews take place. An audio source
with program-with-interrupt is provided;
no program audio source is utilized.
Powered IFB Outputs
The Model 43D provides two, 2-channel
powered analog IFB outputs that are
designed to directly support connection
of listen-only user devices such as the
Models 32A, 33A, or 34 from Studio
Technologies. Each powered IFB output
provides both DC and two channels of
unbalanced audio. Two 3-pin male XLR
connectors, located on the Model 43D’s
back panel, are used to interface with
the listen-only user devices. Following
broadcast-industry conventions, pin 1
is the common connection, pin 2 has
28 volts DC with channel 1 audio superimposed on it, and pin 3 has channel 2
audio. Each power source supplies a
maximum current of 120 milliamperes.
The power supply outputs are monitored
for over-current and short-circuit conditions. Under firmware (embedded software) control the outputs will automatically
cycle off and on to help prevent damage
to the circuitry and connected equipment.
Line-Level IFB Outputs
In addition to the two, 2-channel powered
IFB outputs, the Model 43D also provides
two channels of analog line-level IFB. The
audio sources for the line-level outputs is
the same as used for channels 1 and 2 of
powered IFB output 2. The line-level outputs are intended to allow interconnection
with externally-powered listen-only user
devices, inputs on wireless IFB systems,
or analog inputs on consoles or related
audio devices. The line-level IFB outputs
have a nominal level of –10 dBu and are
transformer- and capacitor-coupled, helping to ensure successful interconnection
with virtually any line-level analog input.
Pro Audio Quality
The Model 43D’s audio circuitry was
designed in the spirit of professional
audio equipment rather than that found
in typical IFB or talent cueing gear. Highperformance components are used
throughout, providing low-distortion,
low-noise, and high headroom. The Model
43D’s powered IFB output sources offer a
unique level of performance; their ability
to deliver power while maintaining audio
quality is simply excellent.
Audio Meters and Status
LEDs
The Model 43D provides four 5-segment
LED meters. The meters, located on the
front panel, display the level of the audio
signals associated with the two, 2-channel
IFB outputs. At the time of installation and
setup the meters are invaluable in helping to confirm correct operation. During
normal operation the meters offer direct
confirmation of the unit’s audio signal
levels, helping to ensure that optimal
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audio quality is maintained. Additional LED
indicators are provided on the front panel,
offering status indications of the incoming
power and two IFB power sources.
Ethernet Data, PoE, and DC
Power Source
The Model 43D connects to a data network
using a standard 100 Mb/s twisted-pair
Ethernet interface. The physical interconnection is made by way of a Neutrik®
etherCON RJ45 connector. While compatible with standard RJ45 plugs, etherCON
allows a ruggedized and locking interconnection for harsh or high-reliability environments. The Model 43D’s operating power
can be provided by way of the Ethernet
interface using the Power-over-Ethernet
(PoE) standard. This allows fast and
efficient interconnection with the associated data network. To support PoE power
management, the Model 43D’s PoE interface reports to the power sourcing equipment (PSE) that it is a class 3 (mid power)
device. The unit can also be powered using an external source of 12 volts DC. Four
LEDs on the back panel display the status
of the network connection, Dante interface,
and PoE power source.
Simple Installation
The Model 43D uses standard connectors
to allow fast and convenient interconnections. An Ethernet signal is connected
using a Neutrik etherCON RJ45. If Powerover-Ethernet (PoE) is available operation
will commence immediately. An external
12 volt DC power source can also be connected by way of a 4-pin XLR. Powered IFB
and line-line IFB outputs are made using
3-pin male XLR connectors. The Model
43D is housed in a rugged yet lightweight
aluminum enclosure that is designed to be
“field tough.” It can be used as a standalone portable unit, supporting what’s
known in the broadcast world as “throwdown” applications. Rack-mount options
are also available allowing one or two
units to be mounted in one space (1U)
of a standard 19-inch rack enclosure.
Future Capabilities and
Firmware Updating
The Model 43D was designed so that
its capabilities can be enhanced in the
future. A USB connector, located on the
Model 43D’s back panel, allows the application firmware (embedded software)
to be updated using a USB flash drive. To
implement the Dante interface the Model
43D uses Audinate’s Ultimo™ integrated
circuit. The firmware in this integrated
circuit can be updated via the unit’s Ethernet connection, helping to ensure that its
capabilities remain up to date.
Getting Started
In this section signal interconnections
will be made using the connectors located
on the back panel of the Model 43D. Connections to the two powered IFB and two
line-level IFB outputs can be made using
four 3-pin XLR connectors. An Ethernet
data connection will be made using either
a standard RJ45 patch cable or an etherCON protected RJ45 plug. A 4-pin XLR
connector allows the connection of an
external source of 12 volts DC.
System Components
Included in the shipping carton are the
Model 43D IFB Interface and a printed
copy of this guide. If a rack-mount front
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panel is going to be used as part of the
installation it will typically be shipped in
a separate carton. If the installation or
specific application requires an external
source of 12 volts DC it needs to be provided separately. An applicable power supply, the Studio Technologies PS-DC-02, is
available as an option.
Locating the Model 43D
The location of the Model 43D may
primarily depend on the length of cable
needed to link the unit with the associated
powered IFB devices. This type of circuit
carries unbalanced audio which can be
susceptible to interference and crosstalk
issues. And since powered IFB circuits
also carry DC power a voltage drop due to
the resistance in the interconnecting cable
can become an issue. In general, minimizing the length of the cables used with the
powered IFB outputs will help ensure more
reliable and consistent powered IFB device
performance. Of equal importance is the
100-meter (325-foot) twisted pair Ethernet
cable limitation. But that can be overcome
by using a fiber-optic interconnect between
the related Ethernet switch and the other
switches in the Ethernet network.
Protecting the Enclosure
The Model 43D is shipped as a selfcontained unit suitable for portable use
or placement in a semi-permanent location. Installed on the bottom of the chassis
are screw-on “bump on” protectors (also
known as “rubber feet”). These are useful
if the unit is going to be placed on surfaces
where scratching of either the Model 43D
or the surface material could take place.
The “feet” can be removed, without the use
of a tool, when rack- or custom-mounting
the unit.
Rack Mounting the Model 43D
For permanent or mobile applications it
might be desirable to mount one or two
Model 43D units into one space (1U) of a
19-inch rack enclosure. A number of rackmount front panels, purchased separately,
are available from Studio Technologies.
The following provides details on how to
install Model 43D units to these panels.
To attach a Model 43D unit to the singleunit rack-mount panel, begin the process
by using a 5/64-inch hex wrench to remove the four 6-32 thread button-head
cap screws that hold the standard front
panel to the chassis. Note that the screws
might be quite tightly affixed. Ensure that
a good-quality hex wrench is used and
press and hold it firmly into the screw
heads while turning counterclockwise.
Unless this recommendation is followed
the wrench could “cam out” and the head
could be “stripped.”
Using the screws that were just removed,
attach the rack-adapter front panel to the
Model 43D’s chassis. To prevent damage care is required when aligning the
front panel with the 24 LEDs and auto null
pushbutton switch that protrude through
both the Model 43D’s chassis and front
panel. Tighten the four screws only after
a careful inspection ensures that the
switch and all 24 of the LEDs protrude
through the front panel without interference. To allow vertical clearance in the
associated rack, remove the four “bump
on” protectors from the bottom of the
chassis. They are removed by using the
fingers to rotate them counterclockwise;
no tool is required. Carefully protect and
store the standard front panel, along with
the “bump on” protectors, for possible
later use.
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Mounting a Model 43D to a dual-unit rackmount panel follows the same procedure
but will apply to two units. Store both of
the removed standard front panels and the
eight “bump on” protectors for possible
later use. Note that on the rack-panel’s
graphics the unit on the left is designated
as A while the unit on the right is designated as B. This is provided so that each
can be easily identified during installation,
troubleshooting, and operation.
Once the desired one or two Model 43D
units have been installed in a rack-mount
front panel, the assembly can be mounted
into the designated equipment rack.
One space (“1U” or 1.75 vertical inches)
in a standard 19-inch equipment rack
is required. Secure the front panel into
the equipment rack using two mounting
screws per side.
Ethernet Connection
An Ethernet connection that supports
100BASE-TX (100 Mb/s over twisted-pair)
is required for the Model 43D’s Dante
Audio-over-Ethernet connectivity. A
10BASE-T connection is not sufficient
for Model 43D operation. A 1000BASET (“GigE”) connection is not supported
unless it can automatically “fall back” to
100BASE-TX operation. An Ethernet connection that supports Power-over-Ethernet
(PoE) is preferred as it will provide operating power for the Model 43D. To support
power management functionality on an
associated PoE switch (PSE) the Model
43D will enumerate itself as a PoE class 3
(mid power) device. If PoE is not available
an external 12 volt DC power source can
be connected. This will be discussed later
in this section of the guide.
The 100BASE-TX Ethernet connection
is made by way of a Neutrik etherCON
protected RJ45 connector that is located
on the back panel of the Model 43D. This
allows connection by way of a cablemounted etherCON plug or a standard
RJ45 plug. The Model 43D’s Ethernet
interface supports auto MDI/MDI-X so that
using a crossover or “reversing” cable will
not be required.
External 12 Volt DC Input
An external source of 12 volts DC can be
connected to the Model 43D by way of a
4-pin male XLR connector which is located
on the back panel. While the requirement
for the external source is to be nominally
12 volts, correct operation will take place
over a 10 to 18 volt range. The Model
43D requires 1.0 amperes maximum at
12 volts DC for correct operation. The DC
source should be terminated to a 4-pin
female XLR connector with pin 1 negative
(–) and pin 4 positive (+). Purchased as
an option, the PS-DC-02 power supply is
available from Studio Technologies. Its AC
mains input allows connection to 100-240
volts, 50/60 Hz and its 12 volt DC, 1.5
amperes maximum output is terminated
on a 4-pin female connector.
As previously discussed in this guide, an
Ethernet connection that provides Powerover-Ethernet (PoE) can serve as the
Model 43D’s power source. Alternately,
an external 12 volt DC source can be connected. For redundancy, both PoE and an
external 12 volt DC source can be connected at the same time. If both PoE and
an external 12 volt DC source are connected, power will be drawn only from the PoE
supply. If the PoE source becomes inoperative the 12 volt DC source will provide the
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Model 43D’s power with no interruption in
operation. (Of course, normal operation
will cease if both PoE and Ethernet data
support are lost.)
Powered IFB Outputs
The Model 43D provides two, 2-channel
powered IFB outputs. The powered IFB
outputs are intended to directly support
listen-only beltpacks such as the talent amplifier units available from Studio
Technologies. The four channels of audio
associated with the IFB outputs are provided by the receiver (input) channels of
the Dante Audio-over-Ethernet data connection. These audio sources will usually
be routed, using the Dante Controller
application, from the desired Dante transmitter (output) sources to the Model 43D’s
receiver (input) channels.
The signals that are present on the powered IFB outputs’ 3-pin male XLR connectors are typical for broadcast powered
“wet” IFB circuits. Pin 1 is common for
power and audio, pin 2 is nominal 28 volts
DC with channel 1 audio modulated on
it, and pin 3 is channel 2 audio. The nominal audio levels on the IFB channels are
–10 dBu. The maximum current draw
from pin 2 to pin 1 is nominal 120 milliamperes. The circuitry associated with pin 3
is protected from damage should pin 2
(28 volts DC) be accidentally connected to
it. Both pins 2 and 3 are protected should
an external powered IFB or party-line (PL)
intercom circuit be connected to pin 2
and/or pin 3.
One or more listen-only broadcaststandard IFB devices can be connected
to each of the powered IFB outputs. The
only restriction on the number of units
that can be connected to each output is
that the total current drawn from each
output must be equal to or less than 120
milliamperes. Devices such as the Studio
Technologies’ Models 32A, 33A, or 34 are
directly compatible and will provide excellent performance. While not cost-effective,
it’s also possible to use intercom beltpacks such as the RTS® BP-325 as listenonly devices.
The Models 32A and 33A each have a
quiescent current of approximately 15 milliamperes and a maximum current draw
of 40 milliamperes. As such, a combination of up to three of these units can be
supported by each of the Model 43D’s
powered IFB outputs. With typical, rather
than maximum, audio signal levels being
sent to a powered IFB output supporting
four units is also possible. The Model 34
uses a maximum of 45 milliamperes so a
conservative application would have no
more than two Model 34 units connected
to each Model 43D powered IFB output.
Line-Level IFB Outputs
The Model 43D provides two line-level
IFB audio outputs. In the broadcast world
these might be referred to as “dry” IFB
outputs. The audio sources for these
outputs are the same as used by the two
channels associated with powered IFB
output 2. (These are the third and fourth
Dante audio channels that are routed, using Dante Controller, to the Model 43D’s
receiver inputs.) The IFB line outputs
are designed for general-purpose use
which could include connecting to externally-powered (typically battery-powered)
listen-only user beltpacks, transmitters
associated with wireless in-ear monitors,
audio consoles, or amplified speakers.
The outputs are analog, transformercoupled, capacitor-coupled, and will
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perform optimally when driving loads of
2000 (2 k) ohms or greater. The nominal
level of the IFB line outputs is –10 dBu.
As expected, a signal supplied by the
Dante source that has a nominal level of
–20 dBFS will result in a level of –10 dBu
being present on its associated IFB line
output. While this –10 dBu nominal level
is lower than the 0 or +4 dBu that is typically provided by broadcast equipment, it
should prove to be extremely compatible
with inputs on a wide range of equipment
that has various input level sensitivities.
Any required “make up” gain can typically
be easily accomplished in the connected
equipment. And equipment that has lower
“pro-sumer” nominal audio levels can be
interfaced without issue.
The Model 43D provides two 3-pin male
XLR connectors for interfacing the IFB line
outputs with associated equipment. A user
will provide two 3-pin female cable-mounted connectors to interface with the IFB line
outputs: pin 2 should be connected as
signal + (high) and pin 3 as signal – (low).
The cable’s shield can be connected to
pin 1, but it will have no function. To limit
the chance of grounding interaction between the Model 43D and connected
equipment, pin 1 on the line-level IFB output connectors is isolated from any point
in the Model 43D. The fact that pin 1
“floats” will minimize the chance of hums,
noises, or buzzes being present on the
connected equipment.
Configuration
Back-Panel DIP Switches
A 4-position DIP switch assembly, labeled
Config, is located on the Model 43D’s back
panel. As of the time of writing this guide
none of the switches are utilized and they
have no impact on Model 43D operation.
Dante Configuration
To integrate the Model 43D into an application several Dante-related parameters
can be configured. At a minimum, signals
must be routed to the four Dante receiver
(input) channels. The configuration settings
will be stored in nonvolatile memory within
the Model 43D’s circuitry. As such, powerdown and power-up activities will not
impact the unit’s settings. The Model 43D
uses the Ultimo 4-input/4-output integrated
circuit to implement the Dante architecture.
However, only the four receiver (input)
channels are utilized. This dictates which
parameters can be configured and what
choices are available.
The four receiver (input) channels associated with the Model 43D’s Dante interface
must be assigned to the desired sources
(Dante transmitter channels). This will typically be done with the Dante Controller
software application which is available for
download free of charge at www.audinate.
com. Versions are available to support
Windows® and OS X® operating systems.
Within Dante Controller a “subscription” is
the term used for routing a transmitter flow
(a group of output channels) to a receiver
flow (a group of input channels). Note that
as of the writing of this guide the Ultimo integrated circuit limits the number of Dante
flows to two. These can either be unicast,
multicast, or a combination of the two.
The Model 43D has a default Dante device
name of ST-M43D followed by a unique
suffix. The suffix identifies the specific Model 43D that is being configured. The suffix’s
actual alpha and numeric characters relate
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to the MAC address of the Ultimo integrated circuit that’s present in the specific
Model 43D. The four Dante receiver (input)
channels have the default names of
To Out1 Ch1, To Out1 Ch2, To Out2 Ch1,
and To Out2 Ch2. Using Dante Controller
these names can be revised as appropriate for the specific application.
The Model 43D supports audio sample
rates of 44.1 and 48 kHz along with several pull-up/pull-down values. The desired
configuration can be made using the
Dante Controller software application. The
Model 43D can serve as the clock master
for a Dante network but in most cases that
would not be optimal.
The actual source of the audio signals can
vary widely depending on the specific application. Some matrix intercom systems
can create IFB (talent cueing) channels
as well as having a Dante Audio-overEthernet interface. In this case it would
be a simple matter to route the intercom
system’s appropriate Dante transmitter
channels to the Model 43D’s Dante receiver channels. For example, the RTS ADAM
matrix intercom system provides Dante interconnection capability using its OMNEO
interface card. The transmitter channels
on the OMNEO card would be routed to
the receiver channels on the Model 43D.
Other equipment that supports Dante,
such as audio consoles or audio interfaces (Dante-to-MADI, Dante-to-SDI, etc.),
can have their audio channels routed to a
Model 43D. Equipment that provides only
analog audio sources can still be used
with the Model 43D. External conversion
devices, such as the Studio Technologies
Model 44D or Model 5204 interfaces, can
covert line-level analog signals to Dante
digital audio channels.
Operation
At this point the Model 43D should have
its Ethernet, powered IFB output, and linelevel IFB output connections implemented
as desired for the application. Depending
on the capabilities of the Ethernet connection an external 12 volt DC power connection may have also been made. The four
Dante receiver (input) channels should
have been routed using the Dante Controller software application. Normal operation
of the Model 43D can now begin.
The Model 43D is designed for continuous
operation with no adjustments required.
Maintaining the correct levels coming into
the Dante receiver channels is important.
This will ensure that the proper signal
levels are presented to IFB users, leading
to optimal audio fidelity. The audio level
meters and DC status LEDs will provide
assistance in confirming that correct
operation is taking place. In addition, the
under-voltage shutdown function associated with the powered IFB outputs will help
to protect the IFB power output circuitry
should a fault condition be detected.
Initial Operation
The Model 43D will begin its initial functioning a few seconds after its power
source is connected. As previously discussed, the unit’s power source can be
provided by Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)
or an external source of 12 volts DC. If
both are connected the PoE source will
power the unit. Should PoE power subsequently no longer be available, uninterrupted operation will continue using the
external 12 volt DC source. (This will probably prove to be a “hollow” victory since a
loss of PoE will probably also mean a loss
of the required Ethernet data connection!)
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Upon Model 43D power up the status and
meter LEDs will activate in test sequences.
The PoE and USB LEDs, located on the
back panel, will light one after another. On
the front panel the input power, DC status,
and audio level meter LEDs will light in a
sequence. Once the test sequence has
completed the two columns of level meter
LEDs associated with output 2 will momentarily display the version number of the
unit’s application firmware (embedded software). Details on how to “read” the version
number is provided in the Technical Notes
section of this guide.
The Model 43D will now begin normal operation. The way in which the back panel
LINK/ACT, SYS, SYNC, and PoE LEDs light
will depend on the characteristics of the
connected Ethernet signal and the configuration of the unit’s Dante interface. Details
will be covered in the next paragraph. The
user is presented on the front panel with
two input power status LEDs, two DC output
status LEDs, and four 5-segment LED audio
level meters. These resources are simple
to understand and should prove to be useful as will be highlighted in the following
paragraphs.
Ethernet, PoE, and Dante
Status LEDs
Four status LEDs are located below the
etherCON connector on the Model 43D’s
back panel. The LINK/ACT LED will light
green whenever an active data connection
to a 100 Mb/s Ethernet network has been
established. It will flash on and off in response to data packet activity. The PoE
LED will light green whenever Powerover-Ethernet (PoE) associated with the
connected Ethernet signal is providing
operating power for the Model 43D. The
SYS and SYNC LEDs display the operating
status of the Dante interface and associated Audio-over-Ethernet network. The SYS
LED will light red upon Model 43D power
up to indicate that the Dante interface is not
ready. After a short interval it will light green
to indicate that it is ready to pass audio data
with another Dante device. The SYNC LED
will light red when the Model 43D is not
synchronized with a Dante network. It will
light solid green when the Model 43D is fully
synchronized with a Dante network and an
external clock source (timing reference) is
being received. It will slowly light on and off
green if this specific Model 43D is serving
as the clock master for the Dante network.
How to Identify a Specific
Model 43D
The Dante Controller software application
offers an identify command that can be
used to help locate a specific Model 43D.
When identify is selected for a specific unit
its meter LEDs will light in a unique pattern.
In addition, the SYS and SYNC LEDs, located directly below the etherCON connector
on the back panel, will slowly flash green.
After a few seconds the LED identification
patterns will cease and normal Model 43D
level meter and Dante status LED operation
will again take place. Audio performance
will not be impacted by the use of the identify command. As such it’s perfectly acceptable to use the identify command any time
it would be useful.
Level Meters
The Model 43D contains four 5-segment
LED level meters, two associated with each
IFB output. The meters are provided as a
support aid during installation, configuration, operation, and troubleshooting. The
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meters represent the strength of the audio
signals going to the four channels associated with the two, 2-channel IFB outputs.
The meters are organized into two groups
with each group representing the two audio
channels being sent to the powered and,
in the case of output 2, the line-level IFB
outputs. The meters are calibrated to reflect
the level relative to the –10 dBu reference
(nominal) level of the powered and linelevel IFB outputs. As an example of how
the meters function let’s review the situation
where the output 1 channel 1 meter has
its bottom three LEDs (–18, –12, and –6)
lit solid and its 0 LED just barely lighting.
This would indicate that a signal with an
approximate level of –10 dBu is being
sent to channel 1 of output 1’s powered
IFB output.
Of interest one may want to note that a –10
dBu signal on the powered and, if applicable, line-level IFB output (and represented
by “0” on the meter) equates to a –20 dBFS
digital audio signal being present on its
associated Dante receiver (input) channel.
This is due to Studio Technologies’ selecting –20 dBFS as the reference (nominal)
level for Dante digital audio signals.
Each level meter contains four green LEDs
and one yellow LED. The four green LEDs
indicate IFB audio signal levels at or below
–10 dBu. The top LED is yellow and indicates a signal that is 6 dB or greater than
the –10 dBu nominal level. An audio signal
that causes the yellow LED to light doesn’t
necessarily indicate an excessive level condition, but it does provide a warning that at
some stage reducing the signal level of the
source may be prudent. Typical operation
with normal signal levels should find the
meters lighting near their 0 point. Signal
peaks may cause the yellow LEDs to flash.
But a yellow LED that lights fully during
normal operation will typically indicate excessive signal level and/or a configuration
problem with associated Dante-enabled
equipment.
Non-Optimal Signal Levels
If the meters consistently display levels
that are lower or higher than the meter’s
0 (reference) point it’s possible that a
configuration issue exists. This would typically be related to incorrect settings on the
equipment providing the associated Dante
transmitter channels. With a digital matrix
intercom system providing the Dante signal this problem could be due to an incorrect configuration having been made to
a specific channel or port. For example,
the RTS ADAM system has a published
nominal level of +8 dBu, but it’s not clear
how this translates into a digital audio
level on an associated OMNEO (Dantecompatible) port. Using its configuration
software it’s most likely possible to set the
nominal level of intercom key panels or
ports to something different than +8 dBu.
The best solution in this case would be
to adjust the associated OMNEO (Dantecompatible) port such that it results in
a nominal level of –20 dBFS on the associated Dante transmitter channel. This
should lead to the optimal performance
of the Model 43D and associated IFB user
devices.
Powered IFB Outputs
The Model 43D’s microcontroller integrated circuit, under firmware control,
monitors to ensure that the DC voltage
present on pin 2 of each of the powered
IFB outputs is at an acceptable level. (As
previously discussed the nominal level
is 28 volts DC.) If this condition is met
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Studio Technologies, Inc. Page 15
the two DC status LEDs on the front panel
will steadily light. So under normal conditions where the performance is as expected
both LEDs will be lit. If 24 volts DC or less is
present on either powered IFB output a lowvoltage condition is detected. This would
typically be caused by connected devices
drawing too much current (more than 120
milliamperes) or a full short circuit being
present. If an under-voltage condition is
present for a continuous 1-second period a
fault condition is recognized. The associated
DC status LED will indicate this condition by
flashing on and off. In addition, the output
voltage on the powered IFB output will automatically shut down to an essentially off condition. This protects the IFB power source
and allows any connected devices to power
down. A 5-second “cool-down” period will
then take place, after which the IFB output
voltage will again become active. As soon
as the IFB output is enabled for three seconds normal output voltage monitoring will
again take place. In summary, a continuous
short circuit or over-current condition presented to a powered IFB output will result in
a continuous 4-seconds-on/ 5-seconds-off
cycle. It’s important to note that during the
5-seconds-off period no voltage monitoring
takes places. Removing the fault condition
will not result in the IFB output voltage immediately turning on again; the 5-second
shut-down period must first elapse.
Line-Level IFB Outputs
No special precautions are necessary when
using the line-level IFB outputs. The IFB line
output circuitry is protected from damage
should a moderate DC voltage be accidentally connected. For example, no damage
will occur if a Model 43D’s powered IFB
output (28 volts DC) be accidentally connected to one of the IFB line outputs. This
protection would also be effective should
a party-line intercom circuit or microphone
P48 phantom power signal be accidentally
connected to an IFB line output.
Users unfamiliar with the Model 43D may
not understand that the nominal level of the
line outputs is –10 dBu. This may lead them
to assume that there is an issue. But operationally there should rarely be a problem.
Should a higher nominal level be required
it can typically be “made up” in the connected device(s).
USB Interface
A USB type A connector and associated
status LED is located on the back panel of
the Model 43D. This data interface is used
only for updating the unit’s application firmware. No audio data of any kind will pass
through it. For details please refer to the
Technical Notes section of this guide.
Technical Notes
IP Address Assignment
By default the Model 43D’s Ethernet interface will attempt to obtain an IP address
and associated network settings using the
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). If a DHCP server is not detected an
IP address will automatically be assigned
using the link-local protocol. This protocol is known in the Microsoft® world as
Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA).
It is also sometimes referred to as auto-IP
(PIPPA). Link-local will assign an IP address in the IPv4 range of 169.254.0.1
to 169.254.255.254. In this way multiple
Dante-enabled devices can be connected
together and automatically function, whether or not a DHCP server is active on the
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LAN. Even two Dante-enabled devices that
are directly interconnected using an RJ45
patch cord will correctly acquire IP addresses and be able to communicate and
transport audio.
applications. Refer to the Audinate website
(www.audinate.com) for details on optimizing networks for Dante applications.
Application Firmware Version
Using the Dante Controller software application the Model 43D’s IP address and
related network parameters can be set for
a fixed (“static”) configuration. While this
is more involved than letting DHCP or linklocal “do their thing,” if fixed addressing is
necessary then that capability is available.
But in this case it’s highly recommended
that each unit be physically marked, e.g.,
directly using a permanent marker or “console tape,” with its specific IP address. If
knowledge of a Model 43D’s IP address
has been misplaced there is no reset button or other method to restore the unit to
a default IP setting.
In the unfortunate event that a device’s IP
address is “lost,” the Address Resolution
Protocol (ARP) networking command can
be used to “probe” devices on a network
for this information. For example, in Windows OS the arp –a command can be
used to display a list of LAN information
that includes MAC addresses and corresponding IP addresses. The simplest
means of identifying an unknown IP address is to create a “mini” LAN with a personal computer connected directly to the
Model 43D. Then by using the appropriate
ARP command the required “clues” can
be obtained.
Display
As part of the Model 43D’s power-up sequence the unit’s application firmware
version number is displayed. This is useful when working with factory personnel
on application support and troubleshooting situations. The five output 2 channel 1
LEDs are used to display the major release
number with a range of 1 through 5. The
five LEDs associated with output 2 channel
2 are used to display the release sub-number which ranges from 1 through 5. Refer
to Figure 3 for a detailed view of the LEDs
and the corresponding application firmware
version numbering scheme.
Major Release Release
Number Sub-Number
O 5 .5 O
O 4 .4 O
O 3 .3 O
O 2 .2
1 .1 O
For best Dante Audio-over-Ethernet performance a network that supports VoIP
QoS capability is recommended. This can
typically be implemented on virtually all
contemporary managed Ethernet switches.
There are even specialized switches that
are optimized for entertainment-associated
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Figure 3. Detail of front panel showing the
status LEDs that display the application
firmware version. In this example, the
application firmware version is 1.2.
Application Firmware Update
Procedure
It’s possible that updated versions of the
application firmware (embedded software)
that runs the Model 43D’s microcontroller
(MCU) integrated circuit will be released to
add features or correct issues. Refer to the
Studio Technologies’ website for the latest
application firmware file. The unit has the
ability to automatically load revised files
into the MCU’s nonvolatile memory by way
of its USB interface. The Model 43D implements a USB host function that directly
supports connection of a USB flash drive.
The Model 43D’s MCU updates using a file
named M43D.bin.
The update process begins by preparing
a USB flash drive. The flash drive doesn’t
have to be empty (blank) but must be in
the personal-computer-standard FAT32
format. The new firmware file will be
saved in the root directory with a name
of M43D.bin. Studio Technologies will
supply the application firmware file inside
a .zip archive file. While the firmware file
inside of the zip file will adhere to the nam
ing convention required by the Model 43D,
the name of the zip file itself will include
the file’s version number. For example,
a file named M43Dv1r2MCU.zip would
indicate that version 1.2 of the application
firmware (M43D.bin) is contained within
this zip file. Once the desired M43D.bin
file has been stored in the root directory
the flash drive will be ready for use.
-
To install the application firmware file
follow these steps:
1. Remove power from the Model 43D.
This will entail removing the Ethernet
connection if it is providing PoE power
or removing the external source of
12 volts DC if that is being used.
(Both must be disconnected if for
some reason dual-power has been
implemented.)
2. Ensure that nothing is connected to
the USB port. Then again apply power
to the unit and “read” the currentlyloaded application firmware version
during the power-up sequence using
the output 2 level meters. (Refer to the
Application Firmware Version Display
paragraph earlier in this section.) Note
the displayed version number for later
reference.
3. Remove power from the Model 43D.
4. Insert the prepared USB flash drive into
the Model 43D’s USB port, located on
the back panel of the unit.
5. Apply power to the Model 43D.
Power can be provided by Powerover-Ethernet (PoE) associated with
a connected Ethernet signal or from
an external 12 volt DC source.
6. The Model 43D will run a “boot loader”
program that will immediately load
the new application firmware file
(M43D.bin). This process will take only
a few seconds. During this time period the LED located below the USB
connector will flash slowly on and off
green. Once the entire loading process
is over, taking approximately 10 seconds, the Model 43D will restart using
the newly-loaded application firmware.
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7. At this time the Model 43D is functioning with the newly-loaded application
firmware and the USB flash drive can
be removed. But to be conservative,
remove power first and then remove
the USB flash drive.
8. Apply power to the Model 43D and
“read” the application firmware version
number by observing the output 2 level
meters. Ensure that this is the desired
version and that it’s different from that
noted in step 2.
Note that upon power being applied to the
Model 43D if the USB flash drive doesn’t
have the correct file (M43D.bin) in the root
folder no harm will occur. Upon power up
the USB LED will flash on and off rapidly
for a few seconds to indicate that a valid
file was not found and then normal operation using the unit’s existing application
firmware will begin.
Ultimo Firmware Update
As previously discussed in this guide,
the Model 43D implements Dante connectivity using the 4-input/4-output Ultimo
integrated circuit from Audinate. The
Dante Controller software application can
be used to determine the version of the
firmware (embedded software) residing
in the Ultimo “chip.” This firmware can be
updated by way of the Model 43D’s Ethernet connection. The latest Dante firmware
file is available on the Studio Technologies website. The Dante Firmware Update
Manager application is used to install the
firmware. This program is also available
for download on the Studio Technologies
website.
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Specifications
Power Sources:
Power-over-Ethernet (PoE): class 3 (mid power,
≤12.95 watts) per IEEE 802.3af
External: 10 to 18 volts DC, 1.0 amp maximum
at 12 volts DC
Line-Level IFB Outputs: 2
Type: transformer-coupled, capacitor isolated
Nominal Level: –10 dBu
Maximum Level: +10 dBu into 2 k ohms
Frequency Response: –1 dB @ 20 Hz, –1.3 dB @
20 kHz
Distortion: <0.04%, measured at 1 kHz
Network Audio Technology:
Type: Dante Audio-over-Ethernet
Bit Depth: up to 24
Sample Rates: 44.1, 48 kHz
Number of Receiver (Input) Channels: 4
Network Interface:
Type: twisted-pair Ethernet, Power-over-Ethernet
(PoE) supported
Data Rate: 100 Mb/s (10 Mb/s Ethernet not
supported)
Powered IFB Outputs: 2
Type: 2-channel analog powered IFB, unbalanced
(pin 1 common; pin 2 DC with channel 1 audio;
pin 3 channel 2 audio)
Compatibility: 2-channel listen-only IFB user devices such as those offered by Studio Technologies
Power Source: 28 volts DC, 120 mA maximum,
nominal
Analog Audio Level: –10 dBu, nominal, +4 dBu
maximum, pins 2 and 3
Frequency Response:
Distortion (THD+N): <0.02%, measured at 1 kHz,
pins 2 and 3
Signal-to-Noise Ratio: >85 dB, A-weighted,
measured at 1 kHz, pins 2 and 3
±1 dB, 20 Hz-20 kHz
Signal-to-Noise Ratio: >87 dB, A-weighted,
measured at 1 kHz
Meters: 4
Function: displays level of IFB output audio
channels
Type: 5-segment LED, modified VU ballistics
Connectors:
Powered and Line-Level IFB Outputs: 3-pin male
XLR
Ethernet: Neutrik etherCON RJ45
External DC:
USB: type A receptacle
Dimensions – Overall:
8.7 inches wide (22.1 cm)
1.72 inches high (4.4 cm)
8.3 inches deep (21.1 cm)
Mounting Options: single-unit, dual-unit, and
combination-unit rack-mount front panels; uses
one space (1U) in a standard 19-inch rack
Weight: 1.8 pounds (0.80 kg); rack-mount front
panels add 0.2 pounds (0.09 kg)
Specifications and information contained in this
User Guide subject to change without notice.
4-pin male XLR
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