Star Micronics XR-1000, XR-1500 User Manual

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Specifications and Main Features

Printmode: Draft and Near Letter Quality (NLQ)
Character Printing: Various styles of type are pre-programmed in the printer
Graphic Support: Epson or IBM Proprinter compatibility with graphics included
Paper Support: Comprehensive facilities for cut-sheet or tractor feed as standard, Automatic Sheet Feeder optional
Paper Park: For the purpose of cut-sheet paper loading without the necessity of unloading fanfold paper
Memory Switch: This allows for extensive programming from the control panel, any type of function can be executed from the machine itself.
Multiple Colour Modification Facilities: Optional enhancement of the printed output.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Which kind of a paper can be fed into the printer?

A: You may use Cut sheetpaper or Fanfold, which is continuous stationery.

Q: Where can I see the graphic and how can I change the graphic mode of the printer?

A: Using UCSF values is the easiest way. The graphic explanation can be found on the user’s menu.

Q: Are there different fonts this printer can print and how many are these?

A: Yes. There are numerous fonts built into the printer.

Q: What can I do to fix a situation where the printer is not feeding paper properly?

A: Start by ensuring the paper is loaded appropriately. Then, examine whether there is jammed paper or aligned paper that could be causing problems, and if so, fix them. If not, check the manual and its troubleshooting section.

Q: This printer can be used in conjunction with an automatic sheet feeder, correct?

A: An automatic sheet feeder comes as an add on.

Q: How does MSF work?

A: The purpose of the Memory Switch Facility is to enable panel programming of certain system parameters for specific operations.

Q: Color facilities are available in the printer, how do I activate that?

A: There are kits available to enable the color option of the printer.

Q: What type of power connection does the printer need?

A: The printer needs an appropriate wall socket to be connected to. Never connect first, but always read the manual requirements of the power.

User Manual

MULTI-FONT

XR-1000

MULTI-FONT

XR-1500

USERS MANUAL

NOT INTENDED FOR SALE

Federal Communications Commission

Radio Frequency Interference Statement

‘hia quipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and if not installed and used properly, that is, in strict acco&nce

is no guarantee that interference will nd occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause interfetena to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the qu@nent off and on, the user is mcoumged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the followmg measures:

. Reorient the receiving antemta

l Relocate the computer or printer with respect to the receiver l Move the computer 0T printer away from the receiver l Plugthecamputerorprinterintaae~toutletmthatitendtheracdverarcondifferentbranch

If nece=the user should consult the dealer or an experimced radioAelevisicm technician for additional suggestions. The user may find the following bookleh tiats Commission helpful: “How to Idmtify and Resdve booklet is available from the U.S. Govemmmt Printing Off&, Washington, D.C., 20402, Stock No.

with the manufacturer’s instructions, may cause interference to radio and

~~~=g~!g=;~~~~;

004~ooo-003454.

For compliance with the Federal Noise Interference Standard, this quipment requires a shielded cable.

The above sto~emm~ applies only to printers marketed in the USA.

The Canadian Department of Communications

Radio Interference Regulathns

This digital av set out m the . pdlo Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications. Lx @sent appareil numerique n&et pas de bruits radic&ctriques &passant les limites applicables aux aIpamils mm&i ues de la classe B prescrites dam le Reglement surle brouillage radio6lectrique edict6

ntus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus

Statement of

par le minis&e 2 es Cumnunications du Canada.

The above stotemen~ applies only IO printers morketcd in Conoda.

Trademark Acknowledgements

XR-1000, XR-1500, ND-10115, NR-10/l% Star Micronics Co., Ltd IBM PC, PC-AT, PC-XT, Proprinter, Proprinter II, PC-DOS: International Business Machines

Corp.

Microsoft BASIC, MS-IKXI: Microsoft Corporaticu EX-800, EX-1000, FX46e, FX-2&k Seiko Epson Corp.

WordStar: MicroPro International Corporation

NOTICE

l All rights resewed. Reproduction of any part of this manual in any form whatsoever without

STAR’s express

l lhecontentsof

. All efforts have been made to msure the accuracy of the contents of this manual at the time of

~nnission is forbidden.

manual are sub+ to change without notice.

g?gowever, should any errors be detected. STAR would greatly appreciate being informed

l ‘lhe above notwithstanding, STAR can assume no responsibility for any errors in this manual.

CONGRATULATIONS

Thank you for buying this printer. This printer is provided with the following features:

l 2 print modes - Draft and Near Letter Quality l Many different typefaces built into the printer l Epson or IBM Proprinter compatibility including graphics l Comprehensive paper-handling facilities (cut-sheet or tractor as stan-

dard, with optional Automatic Sheet Feeder)

l Paper-park facility for loading cut-sheet paper without having to

unload fanfold paper

l Memory Switch facility, enabling comprehensive programming from

the front panel

l Optional color facilities

ORGANIZATION OF THIS MANUAL

This manual is divided into 9 chapters. Use chapters 1 through 3 as a “User

Guide”, giving you information on how to set up and start your printer. The

remaining chapters may be treated as a reference guide for programming operations, etc. It assumes a degree of knowledge off the operation of computers (for instance, it assumes you know about hexadecimal numbers). The chapters am as follows:

Chapter 1 - Introduction

Read this section first, as it explains how to unpack and install your printer.

Chapter 2 - Front panel controls

There am a number of controls on the front panel which perform various

functions related to paper handling, print modes and font selection. This

section shows you how to use the front panel controls.

Chapter 3 - Setting up the Memory Switches

Your printer has a Memory Switch function, which allows you to make

certain system settings ftom the front panel. This section explains the

operation of these Memory Swithes.

Chapter 4 - Emulations and escape codes

This chapter explains the different emulations provided by your printer, and the software commands used to drive it. This section is of use if you ate writing or modifying programs to take advantage of the printer’s features.

Chapter 5 - DIP Switches

This section explains how to set the DIP switches to make system settings on the printer.

Chapter 6 - MS-DOS and your printer

Since the PC or PC-AT family of computers nmning under MS-DOS is currently the most popular configuration of microcomputer, we have included a few hints and tips to help you use your printer with such systems. Since virtually all PCs are sold with a Microsoft BASIC interpreter, we have also included some hints, and a sample program in this language to demonstrate the capabilities of the printer.

Chapter 7 - Troubleshooting and maintenance

This section give a checklist of points to check if your printer is not working in the expected way. It also includes details of some routine maintenance operations you can carry out yourself. It is not, however, a complete service manual. Call a qualified service engineer if you ate unsure of your ability to carry out any maintenance or servicing operations.

Chapter 8 - Specifications

This section gives the specifications of your printer.

Chapter 9 - Character sets

These charts give the different character sets available, and the differences between national character sets (as set up with the DIP switches).

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

LOCATING THE PRINTER UNPACKING, SETTING

Setting up Connection

LOADING PAPER ........................................................................

Cut-sheet paper Fanfold paper (continuous) stationery Once the paper has been loaded

.....................................................................................

...................................................................................

............................................................................

..........................................................

UP AND

Chapter 2 FRONT PANEL CONTROLS

CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

controls

Indicators ...................................................................................

PITCH SETTING

Pitch Panel Lock

FONTSETTING

Font Panel Lock QUIET MODE PAPER HANDLING

Form feed

Paper parking

Short tear-off function

Micro Feed BUFFER CLEAR/RESET TEST AND

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........................................................................

...........................................................................

.........................................................................

..............................................................................

....................................................................

...................................................................................

.............................................................................

...............................................................

.................................................................................

............................................................

MAINTENANCE

SETTINGS

CONNECTION ....................

.........................................

................................................

...............................................

................................

1 1

3 5

7 8

11 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 14 15

16 16

.16

Chapter 3 SETTING UP THE MEMORY SWITCHES

MENU OPTIONS

Command Menu Font menu Print Menu Paper Menu.. Forms Menu Factory settings..

.........................................................................

.............................. .19

......................................

. .........................................................................

........

................................................................................

.............................................................................

...............................................................................

.......................................................................

.:.

Chapter 4 EMULATIONS AND ESCAPE CODES

EMULATIONS NUMERICAL REPRESENTATION

COMMAND CODES

Font style and Font pitch control

Special print mode control

Line space control

.............................................................................

...........................................

AND ESCAPE

character set control

cedes

...........................................................

cedes

.........................................................

cedes..

SEQUENCES .................

cedes ................................

.............................................

19 .20 .20

.22

23 23

.24

.26

.30 .32 .36

feed control codes ...........................................................

Form Margins and vertical tab Horizontal Downloaded character Graphics Miscellaneous ASCII

print position

....................................................................................

codes

command sequences..

setting control codes .........................

control codes

control codes.. ......................................

.................................................................

....................................................

....................................

.39 .4 1 .44 .48 .52 .55 .63

Chapter 5 DIP SWITCHES Chapter 6 TROUBLESHOOTING AND MAINTENANCE

TROUBLESHOOTING

supply ............................................................................

Power Printing

Paper MAINTENANCE ADJUSTING RIBBON REPLACING FRONT PANEL DIAGNOSTIC AND TEST

Short Long Text Hexadecimal Bidirectional

Chapter 7 MS-DOS AND YOUR PRINTER

INSTALLING APPLICATION SOFTWARE WITH YOUR PRINTER GRAPHICS SETTING UP THE PRINTER FROM THE DOS PROMPT PROGRAMMING

Sample program How Patches

.....................................................................................

feeding ............................................................................

THE PRINTING

REPLACEMENT..

THE PRINT

MODES .............................................................................

test mode

test mode .........................................................................

test mode

dump mode .........................................................

test/adjustment

HARD COPY

the program works

necessary to use the BASIC

...............................................................

........................................................................

GAP ..........................................

.......................................................

HEAD ..............................................

.........................................................................

..........................................................................

mode ..........................................

..............................................................

..........................................................

USING

........................................................................

BASIC .............................................

...........................................................

interpreter..

.....................

....

.69 .70 .70 .72 .75 .75 .76 .78

.80 .80 .8 1 .82 .83 .84

.89

..8 9

.90 .90 .93 .96

Chapter 8 SPECIFICATIONS Chapter 9 CHARACTER SETS

CHARACTER CHARACTER

CHARACTER

INDEX

STANDARD STANDARD

CHARACTER SET #2

IBM

CHARACTER SET

IMB ADDITIONAL INTERNATIONAL CHARACTER SETS

SET #l .........................................

SET #2.. .......................................

.......................................................

#l .......................................................

SET..

.........................................

.................................

101

102 104 105 107 108 109

111

chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Lllr

c -

The following section covers the unpacking and installation of your printer, together with information on paper loading and handling (both continuous and cut-sheet paper).

LOCATING THE PRINTER

Before you start unpacking and setting up your printer, make sure that you have a suitable place on which to locate it. By “a suitable place”, we mean:

l A firm, level surface which is fairly vibration-free l Away from excessive heat (ie away from direct sunlight and away from

heaters, etc)

l Away from excessive humidity l Away from excessive dust

9 A location with sufficient space to locate the printer and any paper to be

fed into it, as well as the printed paper coming out

l If you are using a parallel connection to your computer, make sum that it

is within 2m (6ft) of the printer (an RS-232 connection using the optional RS-232 interface can be made over longer distances).

UNPACKING, SETTING UP AND CONNECTION

Now unpack the contents of the printer shipping container, and make sure that you have the following:

. The printer itself . Paper guide assembly

l The platen knob

9 A fabric ribbon If any of these items am missing, contact your supplier.

User’s manual

Theoptional

accessories which you may have ordered with your printer are:

. Serial (RS-232) interface hoard . Automatic sheet feeder

9 Color option kit See the installation instructions contained with these optional items for details of how to attach them to your printer.

Setting up

Place your printer in the position where it is going to be permanently sited, and remove all packing material from inside the top cover. This packing material is intended to prevent damage to the printer in transit. You may like to keep this packing with the printer carton if you intend transporting the printer for use at a different location.

laten knob

The platen knob should be removed from the accessory box inside the

shipping carton. Mount the platen knob on the shaft on the right-hand side of the printer. Turn the knob on the shaft before pushing the knob fully into

position.

NOTE

Before turning the platenknob, always ensure that the power to the printer is OFF.

Remove the top cover by lifting the front (using the two grips at the side), and pulling towards you. Now install the ribbon.

1 Use the tensioning knob on the ribbon cartridge to tighten the ribbon if it

is slack (turn clockwise).

2 The ribbon should pass between the print head and the print head shield

(see illustration below).

,Print head shield

3 Use the grips on the side of the ribbon cartridge to help locate the cartridge

(squeeze them inwards gently), and make sure that the spindles on the cartridge holder fit into the sockets on the cartridge itself.

Ribbon cartridge

Ribbon tensioning

Ribbon holder

knob

Connection

Connect the printer to your computer, using a standard parallel-type cable. On a PC or PC/AT-type computer, this means that you use the 25-way Dtype connector at the computer end, and the Amphenol-type 36-way connec-

tor at the printer end. The pinouts of the printer’s connector are given in Chapter 8 if you need a cable for connection to another computer. Plug the printer into a suitable mains outlet. However, DO NOT turn on the power switch at the back of the printer yet.

nterface cable

You may need to set some DIP switches inside the printer before you start using it. These switches enable you to configure the printer as an Epson or as an IBM Proprinter printer. The DIP switches also enable you to select a character set other than the USA character set, if your supplier has not already set these up for you. The DIP switch cover is located inside the top cover (see below). Use the end of a paper-clip (or similar) to set the switches. Details of these switches are given in Chapter 5. If you feel unsure as to your ability to set these switches, contact your supplier.

DIP switch cover

LOADING PAPER

The following sections explain how to load paper - single-sheet (cut-sheet), without the Automatic Sheet feeder, and also the operations necessary for loading continuous (fanfold) stationery. If you are using the Automatic Sheet Feeder, please refer to the instructions supplied with the Automatic Sheet Feeder unit.

Cut-sheet paper

Place the paper guide in position, locating the lugs on the bottom of the assembly into the slots on the printer body.

Make sure that the release lever is pushed towards the back of the printer (h position).

Adjust the paper guides to match the size of paper you will be using (remembering that printing will start some distance from the left-hand edge of the carriage). There are markings molded into the back plate of the assembly to help you if you wish to center the paper. If you am centering the paper using the markings molded into the paper guide, remember that printing will start from the left-hand edge, unless you reset the left and right margins using software commands.

Place the paper between the guides, placing the side on which you want to print towards the back of the printer. Gently push the paper down in the guides until you feel it stop.

Adjustable paper guides

5 Turn on the power using the switch at the back of the printer. The printer

will beep, indicating that no paper is in position for printing. The orange

PAPER indicator also shows this.

6 Now press the

~:,~Fp~~~ button. The paper bail will move clear of the paper, and the paper will lx fed and adjusted past the print head to a position ready for printing. The paper bail will be moved back to grip the paper against the platen, and the print head will move to the start position.

The actual vertical position of the paper after auto-loading is determined by the Memory Switch setting (see Chapter 3). The vertical position of the paper can be finely adjusted by means of the

micro feed function (see Chapter 2).

Fanfold paper (continuous) stationery

If you are going to use fanfold (continuous) paper, then you will need to use the integral tractor mechanism assembly, situated under the rear cover of the printer.

1 Remove the top and rear covers of the printer to insert the paper.

Clamp lever

Rear cover

2 Push the release lever towards the front of the printer (to the h position).

This has the effect of releasing the paper from the platen roller, and engaging the tractor feed.

3 With the sprocket covers open, thread the paper over the sprockets,

aligning the sprocket holes with the pins on the sprockets.

4 Adjust the spacing of the sprockets by sliding them along the bar, using

the clamp lever at the back of each sprocket to release and lock the sprocket in position (when the lever is up, the sprocket may be moved, and when it is down, the sprocket is locked).

5 Now close the sprocket covers, again making sure that the paper sprocket

holes are aligned with the pins on the sprockets. If they are not aligned properly, you will have problems with paper feeding, possibly resulting in tearing and jamming of the paper.

6 Turn on the printer using the switch at the back of the printer. The printer

will beep (indicating that the paper is not yet fully loaded). This is also

confinned by the orange PAPER indicator.

7 Now press the @5SE3 button. The paper bail will move clear of the paper,

and the paper will be fed and adjusted past the print head to a position ready for printing. The paper bail will be moved back to grip the paper against the platen, and the print head will move to the start position. As when loading cut-sheet paper, the Memory Switch setting will determine the initial position of the paper after auto-feeding, and the micro feed

function may be used to adjust the paper position. 8 Remount the top cover rear cover and the transparent printer cover. 9 Remount the paper guide as shown below:

Once the paper has been loaded

The printer will now be on-line (the ON LINE indicator will be lighted). You

may now want to choose a font, a pitch and a print quality. This can be done from the front panel, but you must put the printer off-line first by pressing the (IEEE2 button. The indicator will go out and the printer will beep to confirm this.

Chapter 2

FRONT PANEL CONTROLS

The following section describes the front panel controls and indicators on your printer, together with a description of the functions performed by them.

CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

The following is a brief guide to the controls and indicators on the front panel.

Controls

The printer is equipped with five buttons: from left to right they are,

and 1 EH (smaller buttons), and FJECV , L PCED and ~ON~~F (larger

buttons).

\ FONT

Indicators

The first two buttons have a series of indicators next to them which show

which option has been currently selected using them (font or pitch). Some of these indicators can be either orange or green, depending upon the options

currently selected. There is no indicator associated with the

obvious when paper has been inserted), but the PAPERFEED’ and ONLINE buttons both have indicators embedded in the buttons themselves. The indicator embedded in the PAPER FEED’ button, however does not indicate paper feed directly, but indicates (when illuminated) whether Quiet mode has been selected (see below). The ONME button also has an embedded indicator. Pushing the and illuminate or extinguish the indicator.

0~ ME button will alternately set the printer on- and off-line

ITEE+ button (as its operation is

In addition to these indicators, there are two others, POWER and PAPER. The

POWER indicator will illuminate when power is supplied to the printer, and the PAPER indicator will illuminate when no paper has been inserted.

PITCH SETTING

Use the (PIT% button to set the pitch that will be printed. Remember that the printer must be off-line for you to do this. Successive presses of this button will illuminate (and select) the following options in this order:

Pitch

10 charactexx per inch 12 characters per inch

17 characters per inch 20 characters per inch Proportional

Indicator(s)

locP1 12CPI locP1, COND 12CP1, COND

PROP

Holding down this button will cycle continuously between these options.

Pitch Pane/ Lock

If the plyEn> button is pressed when the printer is turned on, the pitch will be “locked”, and no pitch changes can be made from software. It is still possible, however, to put the printer off-line and change the pitch using the

KCZ button.

FONT SElTING

Pressing the the printer must be off-line for you to do this. Note that the selection of some fonts (shown in yellow on the front panel) is shown by an orange indicator,

and the selection of others (shown in green on the front panel) is shown by a green indicator. Holding down the :FOVT,

between the fonts available.

.%Y button will illuminate a font indicator. Remember that

button will cycle continuously

Font courier TW-Light

Letter-Gothic script SaIlSerif Cinema

Internal

Draft

Font Panel Lock

If the ‘FONT“locked”, and no font changes can be made from software. It is still possible, however, to put the printer off-line and change the font using the +oNi\l button.

button is pressed when the printer is turned on, the font will be

QUIET MODE

To select Quiet mode, the printer must be on-line. While it is on-line, press the pp~pfi~~~~~ button. This will alternately illuminate and extinguish the QUIET indicator. When in Quiet mode, the printer will print slightly slower, but at a reduced noise level.

NOTE

If you press the button will perform its normal function, ie it will feed paper.

PAPERFEW button while the printer is off-line, the @GE3

PAPER HANDLING

The following sections describe the ways in which you can control paper feeding, etc by means of the front panel controls:

Form feed

A form feed can be achieved from the front panel in the following way:

1 Put the printer off-line, by pressing the

indicator is extinguished.

2 Press the PAPERFEED’ button, and keep it depressed.

3 Press the LzE button momentarily.

4 The paper will then move forward to the top of the next sheet (fanfold

paper), or eject a cut sheet.

5 Set the printer on-line again (:oNG+F> button) to resume printing.

\ ONL%:~ button, so that the

Paper parking

Paper parking is useful if you are using fanfold paper, and you want to print

a document on one or two sheets of cut-sheet paper. The printer “parks” the

fanfold paper safely out of the way, so that you do not need to unload the paper before inserting cut-sheet paper, then, when you have finished printing on cut-sheet paper, moves the fanfold paper back to its original position so that you can restart printing.

To use this facility, follow the instructions below:

1 Put the printer off-line (press the

out).

2 Press the WYP*RI, button, so that the fanfold paper is moved out of the

paper path.

0~ LINE \ button, so that the indicator goes

3 Now move the release lever to the rear of the printer ( h position) to select

cut-sheet paper (disengaging the fanfold sprockets).

NOTE

If you do not move the release lever at this stage, the printer will warn you at the next step by emitting a continuous series of beeps.

4 Insert the cut sheet paper in the paper guides 5 Press the (@SW button in order to feed the cut sheet to the starting print

position. The printer will automatically go on-line.

6 Print as normal on the cut sheet(s), and when you have finished printing,

put the printer Off-he (by ptBsing the ‘j ON LINE ;I button again).

7 If the software has not done this for you, eject the paper by pressing the

,@ZRX) button.

8 Move the release lever to the front of the paper (Is position) to select

fanfold paper (engaging the fanfold sprockets).

9 Now feed the fanfold paper to the print position by pressing the FEES

button. The paper will move to its former print position, and the printer will automatically go on-line.

You are now ready to start printing on fanfold paper again.

Short tear-off function

The short-tear-off function is handy when using fanfold paper. It ejects the papers0 that the perforation is just above the transparent cover, allowing you tear it off without having to open up the printer. It then reverses the paper

feed after you have tom off the paper, thereby starting printing at the top of the next form. This feature is especially useful if you are using pre-printed stationery (such as invoices, etc), which will not be printed all together.

To use the short tear-off function, press the :- ONJW button when the printer is on-line, and hold it down for a few seconds. When you release the button, the printer will go off-line, and the paper will move up a few inches, allowing you to tear off the form.

To return the paper to its previous position, press the i ONL!!E~ button once again. When you release the button, the printer will return to its on-line status, and the paper will be fed backwards, with the print head aligned with the top of the next form.

Micro Feed

The Micro Feed facility is useful if you wish to align the paper exactly. It

feeds the paper forwards or backwards in 1/216th inch increments. To use this feature, put the printer off-line (using the :IKLIF~ button). Then press the 5 ~~

(ONLINE) button, and either the /p*pEE; button (to feed the

paper forwards), or the EFEG3 button (to feed the paper backwards). Holding down these buttons continuously will continue to feed the paper for-

wards or backwards in small increments.

BUFFER CLEAR/RESET

It is possible to clear the buffer of the printer or to return it to its power-on

status by using the front panel buttons without having to turn the power off

and on. To do this, put the printer off-line (press the OEM button), and then

press the CON button again. Before releasing the -ON button, hold

down the :~OFIT button. Releasing the : %F; button within two seconds of

holding it down (before releasing the 1C%!C button) will clear the data in

the buffer. Releasing the button after two seconds (again, before releasing

fie (-FLlNf ‘1

button) will reset the printer back to the settings at power-on.

TEST AND MAINTENANCE SETTINGS

The printer is equipped with a number of functions to assist testing and main-

tenance. Since it is anticipated that they will not be used very often, they are

not described here, but in Chapter 6.

However, briefly, they are:

l A text test print mode l A short test print mode l A long test print mode l A hexadecimal dump mode l A bidirectional print test

Chapter 3

THE MEMORY SWITCHES

SETTING UP

In addition to the pitch and font, many other options regarding the setup of the printer can be carried out from the tint panel. To access these options,

it is necessary to turn off the printer, and then turn it on again, while holding down the (ON, (P?PERFEED: and 6E!ZE3 buttons together. This will cause the

L-

. .

printer to print a series of questions and options to which you can answer using the front panel buttons. This is called the Memory Switch mode.

I POWER

MICRO FEED

SET/EJECT/PARK

PAPER FEED

QUIET

I PAPER

ONLINE

ENTER

The principle involved is that the printer will print a list of options on one l&. you use the $+*+I

and <YF~F+ buttons to move the print head so that

it is below the option you want to choose. The printer will move the paper up and down as appropriate, so that the menu

options are visible. The @EE+ button moves the print head one option to the left, and the

,%+ FFD\/ button moves one option to the right (as marked in blue on the front panel under the buttons). Holding down one of these buttons will still move the print head only one option forward or back.

When the print head is below the desired option, press the , ON E_\ button to enter this into the printer’s memory. Any option chosen at this stage will now be stored, even when the printer is turned off.

When you press the ’ oKi& ’ button to enter an option, a “*” (asterisk) will be printed to confinn that the option has been chosen. The menus are organized in a hierarchical (tree-structured) fashion. Some menus do not choose options directly, but instead, move down to other menus. To move up through the menu structure towards the “mot” or ‘(trurW, use the underneath the button).

The structure of the menus is shown below.:

Print current settings

PITCH button m m EXIT

Main menu

button (as marked in blue

I I I

Command menu 1 IFont menu 1 1 Print menu Paper menu I Forms menu

The options within each menu are given below.

As mentioned above, when you press the EAT X button from any sub-menu

or from an option within a menu, you will return to the menu level above the

current one. If you press the will print “***END***” and exit to being on-line, with the settings chosen in Memory Switch mode being now set in the printer.

-G; button from the main menu, the printer

MENU OPTIONS

The following is a list of the options within the menus, and their meanings, together with the prompts printed in Memory Switch mode. The prompts are

given in capital letters in square brackets, thus: [OFF]. Factory settings are marked here with an asterisk (for example, [ON*]). A summary of factory settings is also provided following this section.

Command Menu

This menu allows you to set up various parameters controlling the overall setup of the printer:

RAM USAGE

QUIET MODE

GRAPHICS

DIRECTION

AUTO ON-LINE

The printer RAM may be used as a print buffer

[BUFFER*], for downloading fonts [DOWNLOAD], or as a single-line buffer [lLINE.BUFFER].

The printer may either print slower and quieter [ON], or faster, making slightly more noise [OF].

When printing in graphics mode, the printer may either print biditeetionally (in alternate directions) for speed [BI*] or in one direction only (unidirectional for increased accuracy KINI]. For practically all purposes, however, biclireetional printing is sufficiently accurate.

If this is set [ON*], then when paper is inserted, the printer will automatically come on-line. If set [OFFJ, then you will have to press the button to bring the printer on-

line.

Font Menu

This menu allows you to set two parameters concerning fonts which will be

automatically selected whenever you turn on the printer:

ZERO STYLE In computer usage, a zero is often written with a slash

through it, as follows: @“. This style is called [SLASHED]. If a zero is written as a slightly thinner capital%“, without the slash (“O”), this is may be chosen

by selecting PIORMAL*].

NLQ FONT STYLE

This option allows you to choose the default font selected when NLQ mode is selected. All available fonts are given

as options. The default is [COURIER*].

Print Menu

This menu allows you to set up various printing options which will be automatically selected whenever you turn the printer on:

PRINT QUALITY

PRINTPITCH

CONDENSED PRINT

ITALIC PRINT

Paper Menu

OPTION ASF

AUTO LOADING

AUTO LOADING WF)

PAPER-OUT DETECTOR

This will select either Near Letter Quality lNLQ1 or Draft

[DRAFTC] mode.

You may select a print pitch of either [lOCPI*] or

[ 12CPI] (L‘CPIII stands for “characters per inch”), or pro-

portional spacing [PROP].

You may select condensed print to be either [OF] or [ON] at power-up.

You may select italic printing to be either [OFFr] or [ONI at power-up.

With this option, you may select or cancel the Automatic 1 Sheet Feeder option [OFF*] or [ONI.

When you load paper automatically, this option determines the number of lines by which the paper will be fed forward from the top of the paper. The options range from

1 to 6, and the factory setting is 6.

This option, like the one above, determines the number of lines by which the paper will be fed forward from the top of the paper, but here the option is determined for the Automatic Sheet Feeder. Again, the options range from

1 to 6, and 6 is the factory setting.

Frequently, the printer will detect the lack of paper and go off-line with a number of beeps if no paper is inserted in the printer [ON*]. However, this can be disabled

mFl.

Forms Menu

This menu allows you to set various options associated with paper handling:

SHORT TEAR OFF When using fanfold (continuous) paper, this Short Tear

Off option allows you to tear off one sheet of paper without having to eject the whole of the following sheet. If this option is set [ON*], when the paper reaches the top of the form, it will automatically be advanced a little, allowing you to tear off the paper easily. Set this option to [OFFI if you do not want to use it.

SKIP OVER PERFORATION

AUTO LF If set [ONI, this will expand all received carriage return

AUTO CR

LINES PER INCH

PAGE LENGTH The page length may be set by means of the DIP switches

When using fanfold (continuous) paper, you may wish printing to stop a little before the bottom of each sheet, and start printing a little after the beginning of the next (in other words, skipping over the perforation). This is useful

if you want to produce program listings, etc. This can be

enabled by setting this option [ONI, or, if using software

which performs this function automatically, it can be set

Wm.

codes to a line feed and carriage return pair. However,

this may be set [OFF*] if your software demands it. If set [ON*], this function will expand all received line

feed codes to a carriage retum and line-feed pair. However, this may be set [OFF] if you do not want to be expanded.

This sets the number of lines per vertical inch which will be printed to [3 LPI], [4 LPI], [6 LPI*] or [8 LPI].

[DIP-SW*] (see Chapter 5 for details) or to any of the

following lengths (in inches): 131, 13.51, [41, [X5], [6],

[7], [8], [8.5], [11.7] or [141. A4 paper is equivalent tc

11.7 inches, while the DIP switch settings of 11 inches

and 12 inches will normally be used for fanfold paper.

Factory settings

The following is a list of the settings set up at the factory, which may be re-

stored by choosing the FAmORY SET option from the main menu:

coMb4ANDMENu

RAM USAGE

QUIET MODE GRAPHICS DIRECTION AUTO ON-LINE

FONT MENU

ZERO STYLE NLQ FONT STYLE

PRINTMENU

PRINT QUALITY PRINT PITCH CONDENSED PRINT

ITALIC PRINT

PAPER MENU

OPTION ASF AUTO LOADING AUTO LOADING (ASF) PAPER-OUT DETECTOR

FORMS MENU

[B-RI

DTI

[BII

KNI

[NOR==1

[COURIER]

[DRW

[locpIl

[OFFJ WFI

WFl [6 LINES]

[6 LINES] mJl

SHORT TEAR OFF SKIP OVER PERFORATION AUTO LF

AUTO CR LINES PER INCH PAGE LENGTH (INCH)

WI WFI WFI ml

[6 LPI] [DIP-SW]

chapter 4

EMULATIONS

AND ESCAPE CODES

EMULATIONS

The printer has two emulation modes: standard mode and IBM mode.

In standard mode, the printer emulates the functions of the Epson EX-800 and EX- 1000 printers. Additional command codes am included as a superset of these emulations.

In IBM mode, the printer emulates the IBM Proprinter II. Additional command codes are included as a superset of these emulations.

The emulation is changed by means of DIP switch 1. When ON, the printer will be in standard mode, and when OFF, the printer will be in IBM emulation mode (see Chpter 5). It is not possible to change the emulation mode by means of software control or the front panel controls.

NOTE

Remember to turn off the printer before making any DIP switch changes.

NUMERICAL REPRESENTATION

When in either standard or IBM mode, any numerical parameters taken by command sequences are usually binary rather than ASCII numerical values. In this manual, any ASCII values will be represented in quotes, eg “21” will represent the ASCII string 32h concatenated with 31h (in BASIC, CHR$(SO)+CHR$(S 1)). Usually in these examples, however, hexadecimal values wilI be quoted, as shown by the lowercase “h” following the number, eg 32h.

Binary numbers over FFh am obtained by dividing the number into two bytes, the first being the low byte, and the second being the high byte. In this way, the value 123h will be divided into the two following bytes: 23h and Olh.

If negative numbers are required, they are obtained by subtracting the absolute value of the negative number from 65536 (lOOOOh), and dividing the result into high and low bytes. For instance, to represent the number - lOh, the following operation is carried out:

1OOOOh - 10h = FFFOh and the result is divided into the two bytes of FOh and FFh. If “non-printable” codes are given, ie those codes from OOh through 1Fh and

7Fh, these codes will be enclosed in angle brackets, for example <DCl>. The name in the angle brackets is that assigned to the code in the ASCII convention. The name of the character should not be used, the binary value

should be input. In the same way, it should be noted that the angle brackets

are not to be input - they are merely there as delimiters in the printed text.

Of course, in a program, a meaningful variable name can be given to these

characters, for instance (the following example is written in BASIC):

10 ESC$=CHR$(27) :BS$=CHR$(8) 20 LPRINT ESC$;BS$;

COMMAND CODES AND ESCAPE SEQUENCES

Some command codes are common to both the standard and IBM modes. In

the descriptions of the command codes, all command codes will be given,

together with a note of the modes to which each command code is applicable.

Most of the following command codes are available in both the standard

mode and the IBM emulation mode. If a command is common to both

modes, the descriptive heading is followed by “Both”. If the command is

specific to one mode, then either “Standard” or “IBM” will follow the

descriptive heading. Occasionally, there are two identical commands to

perform the same function. In these cases, the relevant sign follows the

escape sequence.

When parameters are given, the accompanying text describes whether the

parameter is an ASCII character or a binary value.

In the following descriptions, first the function of the command sequence is

given. This is followed by the emulation for which this command is

appropriate (“Standard”, “Both” or “IBM”).

Following the heading, the full form of the cornrnand is given, using the ASCII names for control codes, eg <ESC> (the angle brackets on either side of the name are not part of the name, being simply delimiters, and should not

be entered). Variable parameters am indicated by a letter (usually “n”), and

an optional number, enclosed in angle brackets (eg <no>). Where an indefinite number of parameters are to be supplied, the <n>s are separated by an ellipsis (,‘. . .

“). The sequence is then given using hexadecimal codes (two hexadecimal digits followed by a lowercase “h”), with variables again represented by letters enclosed in angle brackets. The decimal equivalent follows the hexadecimal. The following is an example:

1 Example command

cESC>

1Bh 08h

CBS>

Cn> Cn> cm

Both 1

(codes)

(hexadecimal)

(decimal)

Note that the above command sequence is for example purposes only - it does not have any teal function.

Font style and character set control codes

Select italic characters

<ESC>

1Bh 34h

27 52

cFS>

The sequence above selects italic character printing.

4 IBM

Deselect italic printing

<ESC> 5

1Bh 35h

27 53

<FS>

1 1Ch

The sequence above deselects italic printing.

35h

Standard

IBM

1 Select print mode

1 <ESC>

1Bh

27 120

This command selects the print mode for subsequent printing, where a> may be a binary value of OOh or 01 h, or either of the ASCII characters “0” or “1” (30h or 3 1 h).

If a> is equal to OOh or “O”, then Draft mode will be selected, and if equal to Olh or “l”, then NLQ mode will be selected. All other parameters are invalid. This command will also be ignored if Font Panel Lock has been selected.

78h

<II> I

<n>

Both 1

Select font

<ESC>

1 1Bh 6Bh

107

Cn> <II> <n>

Both

The command above selects a typeface for subsequent NLQ printing, where <II> is

a binary value in the range of OOh to 07h. The following table shows the effect of different values of this parameter:

BiIlaty Value

OOh Olh 02h

03h

Selected font

Courier

SanSerif

Letter-Gothic

orator

BiIliIIy

Value

04h Script 05h

06h 07h

OCR-B

TW-Light Cinema

Selected font

Any other parameters are invalid and will be ignored. This command will also be ignored if Font Panel Lock has been selected.

Select character table

<ESC>

1Bh

1 27 116

74h

C?D <n> <n> I

Both

The command above will select the character table to be used in subsequent printing, where <n> can be a binary or ASCII value from OOh through 02h or “0” through “2”. The following table shows the effect of this parameter:

Moves character set downloaded in OOh to 7Fh area to

Any other values are invalid and will be ignored.

Select primary character set

<EK> 7

Both

1Bh 37h

The command above selects the primary character set, There are no parameters. The area from 80h to 9Fh is used for control codes.

Select secondary character set

<ESC>

Both

1Bh 36h

1 27 54

The command above selects the secondary character set There are no parameters. The area from 80h to 9Fh is used for printable characters.

Select International character set <Esc>

1Bh

27 82

<FS>

1Ch

R C?D

52h Cn>

CID

C?D

52h Cn>

The command above selects an international character set, where <n> is a binary value in the range OOh through OEh. The character set selected is dependent on the

value of cn>, as shown in the table below:

Value of 01> International character set

OOh Olh France 09h Norway 02h Germany 03h 04h

1 06h

07h Spain I

USA

England 1 Denmark1 I Sweden I Italy

Value of 01>

08h

OAh Denmark II OBh OCh

I 1 ODh

OEh

International character set

Japan

Spain II

1 Latin America

I DenmaWNorwav I

1 Irish

Standard

IBM

Any other values of cn> are invalid and will be ignored. The special characters affecting each symbol set are given in Chapter 9.

1 Print continuously from the Ail Characters Chart

<ES0

1Bh 5Ch

27 92

The command above allows a series of special characters to be printed from the

control code area (OOh thru Wh), where the two parameters give the total number of characters to be printed (low byte first). On receipt of this command, any codes received in the range OOh through 1Fh will not be interpreted as control codes, but will print the characters corresponding to those codes. This will continue for the number of characters designated by uro> and al>.

IBM 1

1 Print a single character from the Ail Character Chart IBM

cESC>

1Bh

The command above prints a single character from the All Characters Chart. There arenoparameters.IfthenextcharactertobeprintedhasacodebetweenOOhandlFh, it will not be treated as a control code, and the character corresponding to this code will be primed.

1 Select/cancel undefined control code area

1 cESC>

1Bh

27 73

5Eh

49h

Standard 1

en> Cn>

<n>

This command selects the printablecode areaexpansion, where <n> may be a binary valueofOOh orOlh,oreitherof theASCI1 characters”O”or “1” (30h or 31h). If <n> is equal to OOh or “0”. then the undefined control code area remains as non-printable codes. If en> is equl to Olh or “1”. those area shifts to the printable characters.

Font pitch control codes

Set pica pitch printing

<Esc>

1 27

The command above sets all subsequent printing to pica pitch. There are no parameters. This command will be ignored if Pitch Panel Lock has been selected. It may be canceIled by a cESC>M (elite pitch set) command.

Set pica pitch printing

The command above sets the print pitch to pica. There are no parameters. This command is ignored if Pitch Panel Lock mode has been selected.

1 Set elite pitch printing

1 <ESC> 1 1Bh 4Dh

27 77

Standard

IBM

Both (

The command above sets all subsequent printing to elite pitch. There are no parameters. This command will be ignored if Pitch Panel Lock has been selected. It may be cancelled by a <ESC> P (standard mode) or a <DG!> (IBM mode) command.

Set elite pitch printing

<ESC>

1Bh 3Ah

IBM

I 21 58 I

The command above sets the print pitch to elite. There are no parameters. This command is ignored if Pitch Panel Lock mode has been selected.

Set condensed print mode

<ESC>

1Bh

27 15

<SI>

OFh

Both

cSI>

OFh

Either of the two commands above will set condensed print mode. There are no parameters. Subsequent printing will take place at approximately 1.7 times the number of characters/inch than was previously the case. This is cancelled on receipt of a cDC2> command. This command will be ignored if Pitch Panel Lock mode has been selected.

: -

i L

! k_

1 Cancel condensed print mode

Standard 1

4X2>

12h

The command above cancels the condensed print mode. There are no parameters. On receipt of this command, all subsequent printing will be done at the pitch selected prior to a cESC> cSI> or cSI> command. This command will be ignored if Panel Pitch Lock mode has been selected.

I &SC>

1Bh

27 112

70h

Select/cancel proportional printing

Both

The sequence above selects or cancels proportional printing, where en> is a binary or ASCII value from OOh through Olh or “0” through “1”. If ur>=OOh or “0”. then proportional printing is deselected (cancelled), and if or>=01 h or “l”, then proportional printing is selected. This command will be ignored if Panel Pitch Lock mode

has been selected.

1 Set or cancel pica proportional pitch

<ESC>

1Bh 50h

The command above sets or cancels pica proportional pitch printing, where <n> is abinaryvalueofeitherOOhorOlh.If<n>issettoOlh,thenpicaproportionalprinting is enabled, and if cn> is set to OOh. then pica proportional printing is disabled. Any other values of cn> with this command will set pica pitch, and the printer will attempt to print cn>, If Panel Pitch Lock mode has been selected, then this command will be

ignored.

IBM 1

Special print mode control’codes

1 Select/cancel expanded printing

cESC>

1Bh 57h CfP

The command above selects or cancels expanded printing, where cn> is a binary or ASCII value from OOh through Olh or “0” through “1”. If <n>=OOh or “O”, then expanded printing is deselected (cancelled), and if ol>=Olh or “l”, then expanded

printing is selected for all printing subsequent to the receipt of this command.

W <n>

87 Cn>

Select one-line expanded printing cEsc>

1Bh OEh

<so>

Either of the commands above will select one-line expanded print. There are no parameters. Expanded printing will be performed subsequent to the receipt of this command until any of the following commands is received: cDC4>, cLD, cESC> <LB, <VT>, cFl+, cESC> e or cESC> W.

<so>

Both

Cancel one-line expanded print

<DC4>

14h

The command above cancels the one-line expanded print mode set by <SO> or cESC> <SO>. There are no parameters.

Both

Select Master print mode

<ESC> !

1Bh

The command above selects a “Master print” mode, where en> is a binary value composed of the addition of the following bit settings:

Hence, if condensed italic underlined print is required at 12cpi. the values of bits 2,

6.7 and 0 must be added together. This comes to (in decimal) 4+64+128+1= 197, or (in hexadecimal) 04h+40h+80h+Olh=C5h. The master mode is hence a useful way of selecting a number of print parameters simultaneously.

21h cn,

33 <)1>

Cn>

Both

Select print mode

<ESC>

1 1Bh

The command above selects the print mode (resident/downloaded font, pitch), where <n> is a binary value. The print mode selected by different values of 01> is shown in the table below:

49h c?D

I-301 Printmode

I 0 I Draft

1 ]

1 3 1 Courier

Cn>

<?D

Draft with elite pitch

IBM

I 4 I Draft download

5 Draft download with elite pitch

6 NLQ download

I 7 I Courier

This command is ignored if Panel Lock mode has been selected.

Select emphasized print mode

<ES0

1Bh

1 27

The command above selects the emphasized print mode. There are no parameters. All characters printed subsequent to receipt of this command will be printed in emphasized mode. This command is valid only in draft mode.

45h

Cancel emphasized print mode

cESC>

1Bh

The command above cancels the emphasized print mode. There are no parameters.

All characters printed subsequent to receipt of this command will be printed in nonemphasized mode (cancelling the effect of the cESC> E command).

46h

Both

1 Select double-strike printing

1 27

The command above will select the double-strike print mode. There are no parameters. Anycharactersprintedsubsequenttothemceiptofthiscommandwillbeprinted

in double-strike mode.

Both 1

Cancel double-strike printing

cEsc>

1Bh 48h

27 72

The command above will cancel the double-strike print mode. There are no parameters. Any characters printed subsequent to the receipt of this command will be printed in non-double-strike print mode (cancelling the effect of the cESC> G command).

Select/cancel underline

<ES0

1Bh 2Dh

27 45 C#

The command above will select or cancel underlining, where cn> is a binary or ASCII value which may take the values OOh through Olh or “0” through “1”. If the value is OOh or W”, then underlining will be cancelled. If ol>=Ol h or “1”. then all printable characters including spaces (but excluding horizontal tabs and IBM block graphic characters) will be underlined.

Cn> <II>

Select/cancel overline

1Bh

27 95

5Fh CfD

<n>

Both

The command above will sclectorcanceloverlining, where <PI> is a binary or ASCII

value which may take the values OOh through Olh or “0” through “1”. If the value is OOh or “O”, then overlining will be cancelled. If oI>=Ol h or “1”. then all printable characters including spaces (but excluding horizontal tabs) will be overlined.

Select superscript/subscript

<ES0

1Bh

1 27

The command above will select either superscript or subscript printing, where <II> is a binary or ASCII value which may take the values OOh through 01 h or “0” through “1”. If the value is OOh or “0”. superscript printing will be selected, and if <n>=Olh or “1”. then subscript printing will be selected.

53h Cn>

83 <n> I

<?D

Both

Cancel superscript/subscript Both

1 <ESC> 1 1Bh

27 84

The command above will cancel superscript or subscript printing (if either has been

selected). Thenxuenopammeters. Ifeithersuperscriptorsubscriptprinting hasbeen selected, then printing subsequent to receipt of this command will be in the normal

position.

54h

Line space control codes

Line feed

<LF>

OAh

The command above advances the paper one line. There are no parameters. If Auto CR has been selected, a carriage return will also be generated on receipt of a Line Feed character. l/6 inch line spacing will automatically be selected at power-on.

Reverse line feed

<ESC> CLD

1Bh I)Ah

The command above will reverse line-feed the paper one line. There are no parameters. l/6 inch line spacing is automatically selected at power-on.

Both

Set line spacing to l/8 inch

Both 1

1Bh

1 27

There are no parameters. The command above sets line spacing to l/8 inch, where “0” is the ASCII value “0”.

Set line spacing to 7/72 inch

<ESC>

1 27

There are no parameters. The command above sets line spacing to 7/72 inch, where

“1” is the ASCII value “1”.

1 Set line spacing to l/6 inch

&SC>

1Bh

27 50

There are no parameters. The command above sets line spacing to l/6 inch, where “2” is the ASCII value ‘2”.

30h

Both

Standard 1

32h

1 Set line spacing to n/216 inch

1 <ES0

1Bh

The command above allows precise control of line spacing, where CID is a binary value. Upon receipt of this command, the line spacing will be set to <n>/216 inch.

33h

<II>

Both 1

Set line spacing to W72 inch

cEsc>

1 1Bh 41h

27 65 Cn>

The command above sets the line spacing in increments of l/72 inch, where <II> is a binary value. On receipt of this command, line spacing will be set to cn>f72 inch.

A en)

Standard

1 Define line spacing (l/72 inch increments) IBM 1

<ES0

1Bh 41h

The command above defines line spacing in l/72 inch increments, where <n> is an optional binary value ifit is not equal to zero, ou defines the line spacing which will be implemented after an &SC>2 command has been received. If <n> = 0, then the current value of line spacing set by a previous cBSC>A command will remain in force.

C?D

Cn>

<?D

Execute <ES&A definition

<ESC>

1Bh 32h

The command above executes the line spacing previously defined by the cESC>A command. Thereare no parameters. Ifan <ESC>A sequence has not previously been

entered, then line spacing will be set at 1/6th inch. If an <BSC>A sequence has been received prior to this command, then any subsequent line feeds will move the paper by the amount specified by the cESC>A command.

One-time line feed (in l/216 inch increments)

cESC>

1Bh 4Ah

27 74

The command above causes a precise paper feed, where OI> is a binary value. On receipt of this command, the paper will be fed forward by 01>/216 inch. No carriage return will take place, and the current line spacing value will be unaffected.

en> <FIB

c?P

IBM

Both

- -

Reverse one-time line feed (in l/216 inch increments)

Both

<ESC>

1Bh 6Ah <n>

The command above causes a precise reverse paper feed, where cn> is a binary value. Onreceiptofthiscommand,thepaperwillbefedbackwardsbyor>/.216inch. No carriage return will take place, and the current line spacing value will be unaffected.

C?D

Set vertical print position (in lines) cEsc>

1Bh 66h

1 27

The command above sets the next vertical print position, where cn> is a binary value specifying the number of lines (at current line pitch setting) down from the current position at which printing will next take place. In the command the binary character Olh can be substituted for the ASCII character “1”.

102 49

1 <?D

31h Cn>

cn>

Both

Form feed control codes

1 Form feed

<FD

OCh

l m

The command above will cause a form feed. There are no parameters. On receipt of this command, the printer will print all data stored in the print buffer, and will move to the top of the next page (as determined by the form length set by &SC> C or cESC> C< NuL>. A carriage return (to the left margin) will also take place. If the ASF has been selected, this command functions as a page eject command.

Both t

Reverse feed to top of form

cESC>

1Bh OCh

The command above reverses the paper to the top of the form. There are no parameters. On receipt of this command, the paper will be fed backwards to the top of the current page. A carriage return (to the left margin) will also take place. This command is invalid if the ASF has been selected.

<FF>

Both

Set page length (in inches)

<ESC>

1Bh 43h

27 67 0

The command above sets the page length in inches, where cn> is a binary value (15~~122 in standard mode, Ken>1127 in IBM mode) representing the new page length in inches. The bottom margin is reset, and the current line after execution of this command is made the new top of form.

CNULB

OOh

CID

Cn,

Cn>

Set page length (in lines)

<ESC> C

1Bh 43h

The command above sets the page length in lines, where <II> is a binary value (11cn>1127 in standard mode, lI<n>1255 in IBM mode). The new page length is set according to the current line spacing value. Subsequent changes of the line spacing value will not affect the page length. The bottom margin is reset, and the current line after execution of this command is made the new top of form. This command is invalid if the line spacing is set to 0.

67 CfD

CID <ID

Both

Set top-of-form

cEsc>

1Bh

27 52

Thecommandabovesetsthetopof-formpositionatthecurrentpaperposition. There are no parameters. On receipt of this command, the topof-form position will be set to the current paper position.

34h

IBM

Margins and vertical tab setting control codes

1 Move to next vertical tab position Both 1 I <VT> I

OBh

The command above moves the paper to the next vertical tab position. There are no parameters. On receipt of this command, the printer prints data stored in the print buffer, and the paper moves to the next vertical tab position or (if there are no more vertical tab positions on the page), to the top of the next page. If no vertical tab positions have been set with the <ESD B command or if they have been cleared, the

paper moves forward by one line.

1 Set vertical tab positions Both 1 I cEsc>

1Bh 42h

27 66

The command above sets vertical tab positions, where the values represented by

cno> to cnl> are binary values giving the vertical tab positions in lines from the top of the page. The values given must be in ascending order. If they are not, the sequence will be terminated. The sequence must end with a <NuL> (ASCII Oh). If no values are given between the cESC> B and the <NuL>, then all vertical tab positions previously set will be cleared. Printing will start on the (cn>+l th) line in standard mode, and the (cn>th) line in IBM mode.

cno> . . . cno> cno>

. . . . . .

cd> cd> cd>

cNuL> I

OOh

Select vertical form unit (VFU) channel

<ESC>

1Bh 2m Ott>

The command above selects a VFU within which all subsequent <VT> commands will be executed, where on> is a binary value from 0 to 7. Different sets of vertical tabs can be stored in different channels using the cESC> b command, and selected using this command.

On>

Both

Set VFU vertical tabs

cESC> b

1Bh

62h

27 98

The command above sets vertical tabs inside a VFD, where on> is the VFU channel

(olon><7) (accessed by the <ES- / cm> command), and subsequent absolute values (in lines) of vertical tabs (accessed by the <VT> command) are represented by 010> to cnZ>. These values must be given in ascending order, otherwise the command will be terminated. The sequence must end with a cNUL> @Oh). If no vertical tab values are given between the channel number and the cNULz-, then all previous vertical tab positions set for that channel will be cleared.

On> 010, On>

On> cno>

. . . . . .

. . .

cd> <NuLB

-all>

C?ll> 0

Both _

OOh

Set relative vertical tab positions Both

<ESC> e 1

1Bh 65h

27 101

The command above will set relative vertical tab positions, where <n> is a binary value giving the distance in lines between vertical tabs set by this command. The vertical tabs set by this command are subsequently accessed by the <VT, command. All vertical tabs previously set are cleared. Instead of the ASCII “l”, the binary Olh character can be used.

31h

<n>

Cn>

Cn,

[ Set top margin

<ESC> C

1Bh

27 99

The command above sets the top margin, where o1> is a binary value which specifies

the height of the top margin to the first printed line in lines (at the current line pitch setting). Printing will start on the (ol>+lth) line on the page. Subsequent changes to the line pitch setting will not affect this value.

63h

Both 1

1 Set bottom margin

<ESC> 1 1Bh 4Eh 1 27

The command abolre sets the bottom margin, where cn> is a binary value specifying the bottom margin depth in lines at the current line pitch setting. If the page length is reset (with the +&XX or cESC>C<NUL> commands), the effect of this command will be lost. Subsequent changes to the line pitch setting, however, will not affect the length set by this command.

N <n>

en> I

Cn>

) Cancel top and bottom margins

1 <ESC> 0

1Bh

27 79

The command above cancels the settings for top and bottom margins. There are no parameters.

Set left and right margins

<ESC> X 1 1Bh

4Fh

58h

<n, Cn, <II> CID <to <n>

Both 1

Both )

Both

1 I

The command above sets the left and right margins, where the two values repre-

sented by the cnx are binary numbers used for setting the left and right margins respectively. Margins are set at the current horizontal pitch.

Set left margin

1Bh 6Ch Cn>

The command above sets the left margin, where ‘7” is a lowercase “I.,” (not “one”), and cn> is a binary value used to set the left margin. ‘Ihe margin is defined in terms ofthenumberofcharacterpositionsatcurrentpitch. Ifproportional spacing hasbeen selected, then the character width for pica pitch is used. The left margin may not be closer than two print positions to the right margin, otherwise this command is ignored.

108

C?D

Both

Set right margin

<ESC> 0 Standard

t 1Bh 51h C?D

27 81

cFS>

1Ch

The command above sets the right margin, where OI> is a binary value used to set the right margin in character spaces at the current pitch. If proportional spacing has been selected, then the character width for pica pitch is used.

51h

Horizontal print position control codes

Carriage return

4X>

1 ODh

The command above performs a carriage return. The print head will return to the beginning of the print line. If AUTO LF has been set up with the Memory Switches, a line feed will be performed as will (at the current line spacing).

Both -

Set/cancel automatic line feed

cEsc>

1Bh 35h

27 53

CID Cn>

Cn>

IBM

The command above sets or cancels automatic line feed, where <n> is a binary value of either OOh or Olh. If <n>=Olh, then whenever the printer receives a <CR> (ODh), a line feed will automatically be added by the printer. If cn>=OOh, then this function will be cancelled.

! L ! .

Move to next horizontal tab

Both

<Hn

09h

The command above moves the print head to the next horizontal tab setting. There are no parameters. If there are no horizontal tabs set on the line following the current print position, this command is ignored. If underlining is on, then slopped print positions are not underlined.

1 Set/clear horizontal tabs

<ES6

1Bh

44h

27 67

The command above sets horizontal tabs, where <nQ, and cd> are binary values representing the new tab positions. If no values are given, all tab stops are cleared. The default tab setting is every eight characters. Tabs are set at the current character pitch. If proportional spacing has been selected, then pica pitch is used for determining the positions of the tabs. In Standard mode, once the tabs have been set, the position of the tabs will remain the same if the character pitch is changed. In the IBM mode, the tab settings will change relative to the new character pitch if the character pitch is changed.

. . . . . .

. . .

Cd> <NULB d>

Cd> 0

Both 1

OOh

1 Restore tabs to default settings

<Esc>

1Bh 52h

The command above restores all tabs (vertical and horizontal) to default settings. There are no parameters. On receipt of this command, all vertical tab settings will be cleared, and all horizontal tabs will be reset to every eighth position, starting at column 9.

IBM 1

Set relative horizontal tab positions ax> e 0

1Bh 65h 30h

1 27

The command above sets horizontal tabs, where cn> is a binary value. On receipt of this command, all horizontal tabs will be cleared, and new ones inserted every -a> characters. These horizontal tabs can be accessed with an <l-IT> com-

mand.

101 48

<n>

<n> Cn>

Both -

/ Set horizontal print position Both 1

1 <ESC>

1Bh

27 102

The command above sets the next horizontal print position, where UD is a binary

value. The next horizontal printing will take place OI> character spaces (at current

print pitch) from the current horizontal print position.

66h

30h

CtP Cn>

CtD

1 Set iustification mode

1 cESC>

1Bh 61h

21 97

The command above will set the justification mode in which the printer prints received data, where 01> is a binary or ASCII value in the range OOh (or W”) through 02h (or “2”). The meanings of these values are shown in the table below:

cn> CTD

<n>

Both 1

Value ooh. “0” Olh. “1” 1 centering 02h. “2” I Right justification

The default (when the printer is first turned on) is left justification.

1 Produce character space

I &SC> <SP>

1Bh 20h

27 32

‘Ihe command above produces a space character, where <SF5 is the ASCII space character (20h), and 01> is a binary value from 0 through 127 giving the space width in dots. When in draft mode, the dot spacing is l/120 inch, and when in NLQ, the dot spacing is l/240 inch. If in superscript or subscript printing, the dot spacing is the same as above, but if in expanded mode, the resolution is half the above.

Select next horizontal print position (by dot)

<ESC>

1Bh 24h dh

27 36

Meaning

Left justification

Cn> Cn>

cn>

cnO> cd>

cd>

alo>

cd>

Standard 1

Both

The command above will start subsequent printing at a horizontal position deter-

mined by dot spacing, where ore> and al> are two binary numbers (low byte first) specifying the number of dots (at l/60 inch spacing) by which the print head will move to the right from the left margin. If the subsequent print position is beyond the right margin, then printing will start at the left margin.

Move print head

<Esc>

1Bh 5Ch

27 92 alo>

<FS> \

1Ch 5Ch c?to>

uto>

cd>

Standard

Cd>

CJll> cd> IBM

cd>

28 92 cd>

The command above moves the print head relative to the last print position, where uro> and <nl> are two binary numbers (low byte first) specifying the amount (in inches) by which the print head will move from the last print position. The number represented by the parameters signifies movement in 1/12Oths inch. A positive value will move the print head to the right, and a negative value will move it to the left. See “Numerical Representation” for details of how negative values are represented in this way.

Downloaded character control codes

Copy standard ROM font into RAM

cESC> cn> cNUI2tandard

1Bh

27 58 0 <n> 0

<FS>

1Ch 3Ah OOh Cn> OOh

28 58 0 -en> 0

The command above copies the characters from the selected character set with 01>, as shown below, into the download RAM area. <NuL> is the ASCII character OOh. This command is only valid if “DOWNWARD” has been selected in the RAM USAGE menu of the Memory Switch (see Chapter 3 for details). All characters from 20h to FFh are copied. Regardless of the character set, the characters 80h to 9Fh are copied. However, the block characters of the IBM character set (BOh through DFh, F4h and F5h) are copied as space characters.

3Ah OOh <n> OOh

<NuL> <n> CNUL> IBM

Binary

Value

OOh Olh 02h bter-&thic Mh 03h

Selected font

Courier SanSd

oralor

BiItaly Value

04h Script 05h

07h Cinema

Selected font

OCR-B TW-Light

1 Define draft download character(s) Both 1

<ESC>

1Bh 3Dh OOh ccl> <c2> c?D cdl> . . . cd0

27 61 0

The command above enables the definition of “soft”characters to be downloaded. This command is only valid if “DCWNLOAD” has been selected in the RAM USAGE menu of the Memory Switch (see Chapter 3 for details), and the draft mode has been selected before this command is executed.

The following rules are observed. <cl> and <c2> are binary values which determine the character range which will be replaced by downloaded data. For instance, if ccl>=20h and cc2>=30h, all characters from 20h through 30h will be overwritten by the downloaded data. If a downloaded character is stored in the area 80h through 9Fh, it can only be printed in the character set #2 mode. It is possible to store downloaded characters in the part of the character set reserved for IBM block graphics (BOh through DFh, F4h and F5h). but these characters can only be printed when the standard character set has been selected.

Eachcharacterisdefmedbyanattributebyte(ou)andll&~bytes(<dl>...<dn>). The attribute byte, ol>. indicates whether the character is an ascender (not using the lowest of the nine vertical dots) or a descender (not using the highest dot). It also indicates the amount of white space to the left of the character (0 to 7 dots), and the width of the character cell, including this space (4 to 15 dots). The left space and cell width attributes are used only in proportional spacing.

& <NuL> <cl> <c2> en> cdl> . . . cdn>

cdl> . . . cd0

Each data byte indicates eight vertical dots, with the MSB being the top dot and the LSB the bottom dot. These correspond to pins 1 to 8 or 2 to 9 of the print head, depending on whether the character is an ascender or descender.

1 Define draft download character(s)

cESC> = aI> d> <DC4> cm> <al> <a2> <dl> ... <dll>

1 1Bh 3Dh cnl> <d> 14h a> <al> <a2> <dl> ... <dll>l 1 27 61 cd> 012~ 20 em Cal> a2> cdl> . . . cdll>l

The command above enables the defmition of “soft” characters to be downloaded. This command is only valid if “DCWNLOAD” has been selected in the RAM USAGE menu of the Memory Switch (see Chapter 3 for details), and the draft mode has been selected before this command is executed. The following rules are observed. cnl> and 012~ give the number of bytes of character data that will follow. <m> is the character code of the first character defined. <al > and &I> are attributes bytes:<dl> to cdl l> are the character data, and are the same as in &SC> “&“. The attribute byte <al> indicates whether the character is an ascender (not using the lowest of the nine vertical dots) or a descender

(not using the highest dot) and whether it has a downward extension to 12 dots.

The attribute byte CL&= gives proportional-spacing information. Bit 7 is ignored.

Bits 4 to 6 specify the offset to the first byte printed (0 to 7), enabling leading spaces inthecharactertobeignored. BitsOto3 specify the widthof thecharactercell (maximum 11 dots). The character will be followed by a mandatory blank dot column which is not included in this width

Characters defined by this command can be selected by <ESc> % 1, cESC> 14, <ESC> I 5, or cESC> 16.

IBM 1

1 Define NLQ download character(s)

<ESC> &

CNUb

<al> ca2> <n> . . .

1Bh

<al>

27 38

<al>

The command above enables the definition of “soft” characters to be downloaded. The following rules are observed. ccl> and cc2> are binary values which determine

the character range which will be replaced by downloaded data. For instance, if ccl>=20h and cc2>=30h, all characters from 20h through 30h will be overwritten

by the downloaded data. If a downloaded character is stored in the area 80h through

9Fh, it can only be printed in the character set #2 mode. It is possible to store downloaded characters in the part of the character set reserved for IBM block

26h

-Ql2>

OOh

C?P

ca2> Cn>

ccl> <c2>

<n>

<cl>

cc2>

. . . <n>

<cl>

cc2>

. . . Cn>

Both 1

cao>

cab

graphics @Oh through DFh, F4h and F5h), but these characters can only be printed when the standard character set has been selected. <a@, <al> and c&2> are attribute bytes, setting the starting dot column, printable width (in dots), and ending dot column respectively.

The vertical definition of the characters is 18 dots. Each byte therefore represents a third of the vertical definition. If <n> bytes are required for a character, the arrangement of these bytes is as follows (where the byte numbers are represented by decimal numbers, starting at 0). and the total width of the character has been defined by the parameter dx

Bit

number

1st

Byte

2nd

Byte

3rd Byte

Select download/standard character set

cESC> % <n>

1Bh 25h <n>

1 27

The command above selects either the standard or downloaded character set, where 01> is a binary value (OOh or Olh) or an ASCII value (“0” or”1”). If cn> equals OOh or “0”, the standard character set is selected. This is the default value at power-on. If Olh or “1” has been selected, then the downloaded character set is selected.

-30

Both

Graphics

The following commands relate to the graphical capabilities of the printer (bit image mode). All bit-image printing is carried out as raster graphics (ie data is accepted in blocks, and then printed as adjacent lines of graphics one dot wide).

Select bit image mode

<ESC>

On> cno>

al>

Both

<do>

. . . ain>

1Bh 2Ah

-an>

cnb

al>

<do>

.,. -ain>

27 42

On>

-do>

. . . ain>

The command above selects one of the graphic modes available on the printer and prints graphic data, where on> is a binary value representing the graphics mode (see table below), and cnO> and al> are binary values (low byte first) giving the number of graphic data bytes following (as represented by uio> . . . cdru). The actual number of data bytes varies according to the graphic mode chosen. The number of data bytes is equal to the number of graphic columns to be printed. [Graphic print modes]

* Adjacent dots are not printable in this mode.

melationship of bit number to dot position] When the printer is printing bit-image data, the relationship of dots to pins used is

as follows:

number

Select &dot normal density

cESC>

1Bh

27 75 cno, Cd> <do> . . .

K cno> Cd> <do> . . . cdn>

4Bh ulo> -al> <do> . . . -ain>

Bit

number

Both

-ain>

The command above selects 8dot normal density bit-image printing, where <nO> and cd> are binary values (low byte first) representing the number of data bytes following the command The data bytes are represented by <do> . . . <dn>. This command has the same effect as cESQ * 0.

Select 8-dot double-density

<ESC>

alo>

al> <do> . . . cdn>

Both

1Bh 4Ch ore> all> <do> . . . cdn>

27 76 cno>

al> <do> . . . cdn>

The command above selects 8-dot double-density bit-image printing, where cno> and cnl> are binary values (low byte first) representing the number of data bytes following the command. The data bytes are represented by <do> . . . do. This command has the same effect as <ES6 * 1.

. . .

Both

da> cdn> ain>

Select 8-dot double-speed double-density

<EsC>

1Bh 59h

The command above selects 8-dot double-speed, double-density bit-image printing, where cnO, and cd > are binary values (low byte fmt) representing the number of data bytes following the command. The data bytes are represented by <do> . . . <dn>. This command has the same effect as <ESC> * 2.

Y Cd>

-all>

cd>

<do,

<do> . . . <do> . . .

Set &dot quadruple-density

cEsc>

1Bh 5Ah #o> all> cue . . . <dn>

27 90 cno>

The command above selects 8-dot quadruple-density bit-image printing, where or& and cd> are binary values (low byte first) representing the number of data bytes following the command. The data bytes are represented by <do> . . . <dn>. This command has the same effect as cESC> * 3.

Z all>

cd>

<do> . . .

Redefine bit-image mode

<Esc>

1Bh 3Fh al>

27 63

The command above redefines a bit-image mode to another mode, where un& is the mode to be redefined. This may take the ASCII values “K”, “L”, “Y” or “Z”.

? Cd>

Cd>

Both -

cdn>

Both

on1 > is a binary value representing the mode to which cmo> is redefined, being a

value used after the cBSC> * command (0 through 7). If any of the modes represented by cm& are subsequently selected, bit-image printing will now take place in the mode as defmed by cm1 >.

Select 8-dot graphics cEsc> A on> -ato> cd> <do> . . .

1Bh

5Eh on> 010>

cd> <do> . . .

27 94 cm> OIO, cd> <do> . . .

Standard

cdn>

The command above selects the 9dot bit image mode, where cm> is a binary value representing the graphics mode (see table below), and cno> and cd> are binary

values (low byte first) giving the number of graphics data bytes following (as represented by cd& . . . graphics columns to be printed.

<dn>). The number of data byte is twice the number of

Miscellaneous codes

The following commands do not relate specifically to graphics, but have more general applications:

1 Set MSB to 1

<ESC>

1Bh 3Eh

27 62

The command above sets the MSB to 1. There are no parameters. On receipt of this command, the most significant bit (MSB) of subsequent data will always be set to

Both 1

Set MSB to 0

<ES0

1Bh 3Dh

27 61

<FS>

1Ch 3Dh

28 61

The command above sets the MSB to 0. There are no parameters. On receipt of this command, the most significant bit (MSB) of subsequent data will always be set to 0.

Standard

IBM

1 Cancel MSB control

<ESC>

I 1Bh

The command above cancels software control of the MSB. There are no parameters. On receipt of this command, software control of the most significant bit (MSB) by the <ESC>>, <ESC>= (standard) or <FS>= (IBM) commands, will be cancelled.

23h

Both I

1 Select zero style

<ESC>

1Bh

The command above selects the style in which zeroes will subsequently be printed, where -a> is either a binary value of OOh or Olh or an ASCII value of “0” or “1”. If 01> is OOh or “0”, then “normal” (non-slashed) zeroes will be printed, but if it is 01 h or “l”, then the “computer-style” (slashed) zero style will be printed (this overrides the Memory Switch setting, in Chapter 3).

7Eh

126

<rP Cn> ClD

Backspace

1 CBS>

08h

The command above moves the print head back one position. There are no parameters. This command moves the print head back one position (at current

spacing) to the left. If proportional spacing has been selected, the print head will move back by a distance equal to the width of the last character printed. It does not delete the last character.

Cancel last character

1 <DEL>

7Fh

127

Both 1

Both

Standard

- _

The command above deletes the last character transmitted to the printer. There are no parameters. This code is effectively a destructive backspace.

I Cancel last line Both 1

<CAN>

18h

The command above deletes the last line transmitted to the printer. parameters. The last line transmitted to the printer will be erased from the printer’s buffer.

Set printer off-line

ac3>

13h

There are no

Standard

I 19

The command above sets the printer off-line. There are no parameters. This com-

mand is not equivalent to pressing the i ?N LIWE~ button on the front panel when the printer is on-line, as after the cDC3> command has been received, the printer will

ignore any data transmitted to it, except for the cDCl> command (below).

Set printer on line

<DCl>

The command above sets the printer on-line after a cDC3> command (above). are no parameters.

Both

There

Deselect printer (10” carriage model only)

<ESC>

1Bh 51h

27 81 3

The command above deselects the printer. There are no parameters. This command will deselect the printer, forcing it to disregard all data and command codes until a <DCl> (1 lh) command is received to put the printer back on-line. This command applies only to the model of printer equipped with a 10” carriage.

<ETX>

03h

IBM

Deselect printer (15” carriage model only)

<ESC>

1 27

The command above deselects the printer. There are no parameters. This command will deselect the printer, forcing it to disregard all data and command codes until a cDCl> (1 lh) command is received to put the printer back on-line. This command applies only to the model of printer equipped with a 15” carriage.

<sYN>

IBM

1 Sound buzzer

07h

The command above sounds the printer’s buzzer. There are no parameters.

Disable paper-out detection

<ES0 8

1 27

The command above disables the printer’s paper-out detection. There are no parameters. This overrides the setting made by the Memory Switch settings (Chapter

3).

Enable paper-out detection

<ESC> 9

1Bh

27 57

The command above enables the printer’s paper-out detection. There are no parameters. This overrides the setting made by the Memory Switch settings (Chapter

3).

39h

Both 1 -

Both

Both -

I Enable/disable bidirectional printing

1 cESC> U

1Bh

27 85

Thecommandaboveenablesordisablesbidirectionalprinting, where-> isabinary value of either OOh or Olh or an ASCII value of either “0” or”1”. If <n> is set to OOh or “0”. then bidirectional printing will be performed, and if it is Olh or “1”. then unidirectional printing will be performed subsequent to the receipt of this command. If the Memory Switch setting has been made for bidirectional printing, this command will be ignored.

55h

<to cn>

Cn>

Both 1

Enable unidirectional printing for one line only

<ESC>

The command above enables unidirectional printing for one line only. There are no parameters. Printing will be performed from left-to-right for the current line only.

Both

I Define macro instruction Both 1

cESC>

1Bh 2Bh

27 43

The command above cancels any existing macro instruction and replaces it with the defined instruction. The defined macro instruction consists of the characters between the “+” and cRS>. These can be any printable characters or control characters except cRS>, up to a maximum of 16 characters.

cdl>

. . .

cd0

. . .

cdn>

. . .

dn> 30

Execute macro instruction

<ES0

1Bh 2Bh

27 43 0

OOh

<RS>

1Eh

Both

The command above executes a previously defined macro instruction.

Enable/disable large character printing

<ESC>

1Bh 68h

The command above enlarges whole or part of characters, or cancels such enlargement, where cn> is a binary value of OOh through 06h or an ASCII value of “0’ through “6”.

104 cn>

Cn> <n>

Both

Double-high, double-wide (Lower half only)

04h, “4” Double-high, double-wide (Upper half only)

05h. “5” 06h, “6” Quadruple-high, quadruple-wide (Upper half only)

It is the user’s responsibility to alter the line pitch so that it is in accordance with the

new character height, and to produce a line feed at the new pitch in order to leave sufficient space for the new characters. If there aredifferent sizes of print on the same line, the printing will be aligned along the top of the characters. Any previous commands for enlargement (vertical or horizontal) of characters will be cancelled by this command.

Quadruple-high, quadruple-wide (Lower half only)

Enable/disable double-height mode

<ESC>

1Bh

The command above enables or disables double-height printing, where cn> is a binary value of either OOh or 01 h or an ASCII value of either “0” or”1”. If o1> is set

to OOh or “O”, then double-height printing is cancelled. If 01> is set to 01 h or “1”. then double-height printing is enabled. ‘Ihe character width is unaffected. It is the user’s responsibility to alter the line pitch so that it is in accordance with the new character height, and to produce a line feed at the new pitch in order to leave sufficient space for the new characters. If there are different sizes of print on the same line, the printing will be aligned along the bottom of the normal-sized characters. Any previous commands for vertical enlargement of characters will be cancelled by this command.

W <n>

77h <n>

119 Cn>

Both

Select character height, width, line spaclng

cESC> 1

1Bh

27 91

The command above is used to control character height, width and line spacing, where cno> and cnl> (low byte first) ate used to supply the number of subsequent data bytes (1 or 2). The effect of the two data bytes (ur2> and <n3>) is determined as follows:

5Bh

40h

64 -alo> al>

CnoB <nz> <NuLa<NuL> cd> cd> cnO~ al> OOh OOh cd> cK?>

0 0 cnb cd>

Both

Any superscript/subscript or condensed mode print settings previously selected will be cancelled. but if double-height printing is cancelled, the printer will return to superscript/subscript or condensed mode printing, if these were selected previously. Any previous commands for vertical character enlargement are cancelled by this command. If double-height and normal-sized characters are printed in the same line, then the printing will be aligned along the bottom of the normal-sized characters.

Set/cancel immediate mode

<ESC> i

1Bh

69h

<n>

Cn>

Both

1 27 105 Cn>

The command above selects or cancels the “immediate” print mode, where ou is a binary value of either OOh or Olh or an ASCII value of either “0” or “1”. If ou is

set to OOh or “0”. then immediate printing is cancelled. If ou is set to Olh or “1”. then immediate printing is enabled. In immediate print mode, each character is sent

straight to the print head as it is received from the host computer (unbuffered), and the paper moves up so that it is possible to read what is on the paper, similar to a typewriter.

Reset

cEsc>

1Bh

40h

Both

The command above resets the printer. There are no parameters. On receipt of this command, the buffer is cleared, and all settings (with the following exceptions) are restored to their power-up values.

l ASF settings made with the <ES0 EM command l Panel mode settings

ASF (Automatic Sheet Feeder) control

cESC>

1Bh

27 25

<EM>

19h

<to

Cn>

<n>

Both

The command above controls the operation of the ASF, where <EM> is the ASCII

code 19h, and <n> may take the binary values OOh or 04h or the ASCII values “R” or “T’. The effect of these values is summarized below:

1 Value 1 Effect

OOh Select manual mode Mh Select auto mode “R” ‘T

Eject paper Set top print position. This parameter must be

followed by another binary value (>l) signifying the distance (in l/6 inch units) at which printing should start below the top of the paper.

These commands will be ignored if the ASF has not been selected.

ASCII command sequences

The command above sequences anz not preceded by a <ES0 or <FS> character, but

instead are preceded by double parentheses, thus “((“. They apply equally to both the standard and the IBM emulation modes. They are given below:

I Select font

(

28h 28h

46h

1 1

29h 29h Cn>

41 41

Cn>

The command above selects a font, where -UD is an ASCII value which may take the following values:

OD Effect ‘. 0 *, courier 4‘ 1 9. SanSaif

6‘ 9.

2 Letter-Gothic “7”

“3”

orator

I “4” I Script

cm Effect

6. 5 9, ,a 6 9,

‘Y

I I

OCR-B TW-Light Cinema Draft

Select/cancel Italic print Both

( (

28h 28h 49h

40 40 73

The command above selects or cancels italic printing, where cn> is an ASCII value which may be either “1” or “0”. Any other values will be ignored. If 01> = “1” then italic printing is enabled, and if cn> = “O”, then italic printing is cancelled.

1 1

29h 29h

41 41

Select/cancel bold prlnt Both

( (

28h 28h

The command above selects or cancels bold printing, where cn> is an ASCII value which may be either”1” or”0”. Any other values will be ignored. If <n> = “1”then bold printing is enabled, and if cn> = “O”, then bold printing is cancelled.

42h

66 41

29h 29h

)

<n> <II> CtP

Select/cancel underline Both

28h

40 40 45

The command above selects or cancels underlining, where 01> is an ASCII value which may be either “1” or “0”. Any other values will be ignored. If UP=?” then underlining is enabled, and if ol>=“O”, then underlining is cancelled.

28h 2Dh

[ Select/cancel expanded print

(

28h

The command above selects or cancels expanded printing, where cn> is an ASCII value from “Cl” through “3”. The effect of or> is given in the table below:

(- -s

28h

53h

29h 29h

1 1

29h

Cn>

<rP

Both 1

<n>

Cn> <?D

1 “0” 1 Normal 1 Normal 1

‘

Select color printing (with color option only)

(

28h

I 40

The command above selects the color to be printed when the color option is fitted,

where 01> is an ASCII value from “0” through “6”. The color selected by cn> is shown in the table below:

(

28h

43h

29h

29h Cn>

41 Cn>

I “Y I Blue

Control ASF

(

28h

(

28h

4?D

CID <n>

29h

Both

Cn>

. .

The command above controls the ASF (Automatic Sheet Feeder), where cn> is an ASCII parameter which can take the values “ 0 exactly the same function as the ESCcEM> command.

“, “4”, “R” or ‘T”. This command has

MEMO

Chapter 5

DIP SWITCHES

The bank of DIP switches inside the printer (see illustration below) is used for various functions. All switches are set ON when the printer leaves the factory.

DIP switch cover

Access the switches by removing the top cover, and then sliding the black

switch cover to the left and then pulling up, using the tab at the right, as

shown in the illustration above. The functions of the switches are shown in the table below:

NOTE

Any changes to the DIP switch settings must be made with the power to the printer turned OFF.

Switches 1 and 2 are used to determine the emulation mode (standard or IBM) of the printer, and also to determine the character set to be used.

Switch

1 2 Emulation ON ON Standard ON OFF Standard OFF ON IBM

OFF OFF IBM

Character Set STD #l IBM R2 IBM #2 IBM #l

Switches 4 through 7 are used to select the International character set, as shown in the table below:

International Character Set

Chapter 6 TROUBLESHOOTING

AND MAINTENANCE

The following section on troubleshooting and maintenance is intended only

as a brief guide to these functions. Remember that your printer is a highly sophisticated electronic device, which also contains high voltages inside. For that reason, only carry out those operations described in this section.

CAUTION

Any attempt to carry out operations other than those described here may result in

electric shock and/or damage to the printer. When carrying out any repairs or

maintenance, always follow the instructions carefully.

TROUBLESHOOTING

Your printer is a reliable piece of precision machinery, which should not cause you any trouble, provided it is used and treated sensibly. However, the few elementary tips below should avoid you having to make unnecessary service calls. The following table gives you ideas on where to look in this section if you experience faults:

Region of fault Power supply Printing

Paper feeding

Description

Power is not being supplied to the printer The printer does not print or stops printing The print is faint or uneven

Dots are missing in characters or graphics

While using application software, fonts or characters cannot be printed

The printout is not what is expected when running a program

Single sheets do not feed properly (without ASF)

Continuous paper does not feed properly with the tractor feed

The ASF is not operating or is not feeding paper properly

Paper park (switching between continuous paper and cut sheets) is not

working properly

The short tear-off function does not work

Text is being printed all on one line, or with extra blank lines

Page length and margin settings are not what is expected.

Remember - it is better not to attempt operations or repairs above your level of competence. Otherwise, you run the risk of damaging the printer.

Power supply

If the POWER indicator does not illuminate, check the following:

check Is the power cable properly

plugged into the electrical outlet?

Is power being supplied to the outkt?

Is the printer voltage correct?

1 Possible remedy

Turn off the printer. ensure the power cable is securely

connected, and then turn the printer back on.

Turn off the printer, unplug it, and try with another

appliance to determine if electricity is being supplied to that outlet.

Checktheboaompanelofyourprintertoensurethatthe outletvoltagecorresponds tothevoltagerequiredbythe printer. If they do not match, DO NOT try to operate the printer. contact your SuppIier.

Printing

If your printer does not print, or suddenly stops printing, check the follow-

ing:

Check Is the interface cable con-

nected securely? Is the ON LINE indicator illu-

minated?

Is the PAPER indicator illu-

minated? Is the paper caught up inter-

nally?

Is the ribbon caught up ammd the print head?

Is the software you are using properly installed for your printer?

Can the printer perform selftest operations?

Possible remedy Check both ends of the cable - printer and computer to

make sure that the connector is firmly in position.

-If it is nos press the ON LG button to set the printer online.

lf it is. the paper has run out. Load more paper.

Turn off the power, remove the jammed paper, replace, tumontheprinter, andcontinueprinting.Makesurethat the leading edge of the paper is smooth and uncreased.

Turn off the power, remove the ribbon retension it, and replace it. This problem occurs most frequently with a worn ribbon, so you may need to replace the ribbon.

Check the installation settings in your software, and reinstall ifnecessary.

Turn the printer off, and turn it on again, holding down one of the buttons to perform a self-test. If these do not work, contact your dealer.

-L

If the print is faint, or uneven, check the following:

check

Is the ribbon properly installed?

Is the ribbon worn out?

Possible remedy Check and reinstall if necessary.

The ribbon has a long life, but eventually will need replacing. Fit a new ribbon cartridge if necessary.

If dots are missing in the printing, check the following:

Check Are dots missing at random

in the printing?

Is a line of dots missing con-

sistently throughout the

.printing?

Possible remedy The ribbon has become slack, causing it to get caught

up. Stop printing, remove the ribbon cartridge, retension and replace it.

The print head is damaged. Stop printing, and contact your supplier for a new print head.

If your application software cannot print the fonts or characters selected, check the following:

Possible remedy Check the software installation, andre-install the soft-

ware if necessary.

Are fonts not being selected

PFlY?

Are characters other than those expected being printed?

Check the software installation, and insert the commands necessary for font changes into the software.

Either you are using the wrong International Character Set (reset with DIP switches or software commands), or you have the wrong character set selected (for example if characters other than IBM block graphic characters are being printed). Correct this with DIP switches or the appropriate software sequences.

If the printout is not what is expected:

Check Is the printer installed cor-

rectly?

Is the printer not printing

anything that you are expecting?

Possible remedy Your software may think that it is driving a different

emulation to the one actually set. Check the DIP switch settinas to make sure YOU have the right emulation.

Use the Hex Dump mode to analyze the output from the computer to the printer. This will enable you to determine that the right escape sequences, etc are being

Paper feeding

If cut sheet paper (without the ASF) is not feeding smoothly, check the following:

Check Is the paper release lever

pushed back (to the f position)?

Is the paper guide in place and vertical?

Are the left and right guides too close together?

Is the ASF selected with the Memory Switch settings?

Are you trying to feed paper using the front panel buttons while the ON LINE indicator

is ilhuninated? Is the paper too thick?

Possible remedy Set the release lever to the b position.

The paper guide should be in place vertically for cut sheets to feed smoothly.

If the left and right guides are too close together, the paper will not feed smoothly. Move them a little further apart to allow the paper to feed freely.

If it is, then deselect it.

You can only feed paper in this way when the printer is off-line. Set the printer off-line and then feed paper.

There are limits to the thickness of paper that can be fed

in this way. Try with thinner paper.

If fanfold (continuous) paper is not being fed correctly using the tractor feed, check the following:

Check

Is the paper lever pushed to

the y position?

Is the paper guide in the ver-

tical position?

Are the holes on each side of

the paper aligned withregard

to each other in the sprock-

ets?

Are the sprockets too close or

too far apart?

Are the sprockets locked in

position and the covers

closed?

Is the paper feeding freely

into the printer?

Possible remedy Make sure the release lever is pushed to the m position.

When using the tractor feed, the paper guide should be horizontal.

If the two sides of the paper are out of alignment, realign them so that the sprocket holes match up.

Misalignment of the sprockets, making the paper too loose or too tight, will prevent a smooth paper feed.

Correct this if necessary.

The paper should not be too far from the printer (less

than 1 meter/ 3 feet), and there should be no cables or other obstacles obstructing its path. The paper should also be feeding straight into the. printer, and an angled feed may cause jams and blockages.

Check Are you trying to feed paper

using the front panel buttons while the ON LINE indicator is illuminated?

Is the paper too thick?

Possible remedy You can only feed paper in this way when the printer is

off-line. Set the printer off-line and then feed paper.

There are limits to the thickness of paper that can be fed in this way (one top copy and three NCR cozies). Try with thinner patter.

If the ASF is not operating or is not feeding paper correctly, check the following:

Check Has the ASF option been

selected using the Memory Switch functions?

Is the release lever set to the

h position?

Is the ASF correctly mounted?

Is paper caught up near the print head?

Are the left and right guides too close together?

Is there too much paper in the paper feed hopper or stacker?

Was the paper fanned before being fed into the ASF?

Has the paper been used already or is it creased?

Are you trying to feed paper using the front panel buttons while the ON LINE indicator is illuminated?

Is the paper too thick or too

thin?

Possible remedy Select this option

The release lever should be set to the single-sheet position.

Make sure that the ASF is properly seated on the printer.

Stop printing, remove the jammed sheet (you may have to remove the ASF for this), and continue.

If the left and right guides are too close together, the paper will not feed smoothly. Move them a little further

apart to allow the paper to feed freely.

The ASF’s paper feed hopper and stacker can hold 120

sheets each. Make sure that there is no more paper than this in either the hopper or stacker.

If this is not done, paper jams may occur. Remove the stack of paper from the ASF and fan it before reinserting.

Only new, uncreased paper should be used with the ASF.

You can only feed paper in this way when the printer is off-line. Set the printer off-line and then feed paper.

There are limits to the thickness of paper that can be fed in this way. Try with different paper.

If the paper park facility does not appear to be working correctly, check the following:

1 Check

Is the. paper release lever in the h position?

Has the fanfold paper been properly parked?

1 Possible remedv

The paper release lever must be set to the h position

after the fanfold paper has been parked. Make sure that the PAPER indicator comes on after the

fanfold paper has been parked.

If the short tear-off function does not appear to be working properly, check:

Check Has printing ended in the

middle of a page?

Possible remedy Either send a cFF> or enough <LF> commands to eject

the page.

If text is being printed all on one line, or with extra blank lines, check the following:

Check Is the text all on the same

line?

Is text being printed with extra blank lines?

Possible remedy Carriage returns are not being expanded to

~CR>+<LF>pairs.ChecktheMemorySwitchsetting and correct.

Two line feeds are being pinted. Either make your software print just a carriage return or (if this is not possible). set the AUTO LF to OFF using the Memory Switch menus.

If the page length and margins are not what is expected, check the following:

Check Istheprintingstaningtoo

high or too low on the page? Does the printer’s page

lengthnot match the physical page length?

Is the Skip-over perforation facility not working?

Possible remedy Use the Micro Feed facility to adjust the print position

relative to the page. Use the Memory Switch settings. or the DIP switch to

set up the correct page length, or use software commands to do it.

Make sure this is set with the Memory Switch menus. If the skip occurs in the wrong place, make sure the page length is properly set, and that the top of the print position is about two lines down from the top of the

paper.

MAINTENANCE

Essentially, your printer is a robust piece of equipment, but should be treated with a modicum of cam in order to avoid malfunctions. For example:

l Keep your printer in a “comfortable” environment. Roughly speaking, if

you are comfortable, then the environment is suitable for your printer, too

(see Chapter 1).

9 Do not subject the printer to physical shocks or excessive vibration.

l Avoid over-dusty environments. Dust is the enemy of all precision me-

chanical devices. If you have to use the printer in such an situation, you

might like to consider the use of an acoustic hood, whose primary

function is to reduce the printer’s noise, but can also act as a barrier against dust. Consult your supplier for details of a suitable model.

l To clean the exterior of the printer, use a barely damp cloth (use either

water with a little detergent or a little alcohol), but do not allow any liquid

to fall inside the printer.

l The interior of the printer may be cleaned with a small vacuum cleaner or

a compressed-air aerosol (sold for this purpose). When performing this operation, be sure not to bend or damage any cable connections or electronic components.

ADJUSTING THE PRINTING GAP

The distance between the print head and the platen can be adjusted to accommodate different paper thicknesses. To make this adjustment, remove the top cover. The adjustment lever is located near the left end of the paper bail. pulling the adjustment lever towards you widens the gap; pushing it away from you narrows the gap.

There are four positions; you can feel the lever clicking into each position. The first position (narrowest gap) is the one most commonly used for single sheets of paper. Try different positions until you get the best printing results.

RIBBON REPLACEMENT

The ribbons used by your printer are endless-loop ribbons in which the

ribbon is recycled. When the print quality becomes too faint, you will need

to replace the ribbon. Use only ribbons recommended for use with the printer

(your supplier will be able to advise you).

1 To nzmove the old ribbon from the printer, first turn off the power.

2 Remove the top cover, and hold the ribbon by the two lugs on each side.

Push in the two lugs slightly, and pull upwards to remove the ribbon.

Ribbon cartridge

Ribbon tensioning knob

Ribbon holder

3 Take the new ribbon and tension it by turning the knob on the top of the

ribbon cartridge clockwise.

4 Now insert the ribbon cartridge into the holder gripping it by the lugs, and

turning the knob slightly clockwise if necessary. Make sure that the

ribbon goes between the print head and the platen guard (see illustration below).

,Print shield

Now the cover turn the You now to

reusing printer.

REPLACING THE PRINT HEAD

This is not a job which you will need to do very often. The print head has been designed to give a life of about 200 million dots. In normal everyday use, this will mean years of life. However, if the print quality is faint, even after you have changed the ribbon, the print head will need replacement.

Only use a replacement print head as recommended by your supplier.

1 Turn OFF the printer, and remove the power cable.

2 If the printer has been in operation immediately before this operation, the

print head will be hot.

NOTE

Allow time for the print head to cool before attempting to work on it.

3 Open the top cover.

4 Remove the ribbon cartridge (as described above)

5 Using a Phillips-type screwdriver, carefully unscrew the two bolts

securing the print head to the print head assembly (see the illustration below).

6 Pull the print head firmly upwards, releasing the print head card edge con-

nectors from the connector mounted on the chassis.

7 Remove the retaining screws and washers from the print head assembly.

Put them on one side.

8 Take the new print head, and locate it in position, making sure that the

card edge connections fit securely into the chassis connector.

Print head bolts

?I--

Print head

NOTE

DO NOT apply excessive force, as this may result in damage to the print head.

9 Fasten down the new print head using the retaining washers and screws.

Do not apply excessive force when tightening the screws, as this may strip the thread, but ensure that the print head is firmly secured.

10 Replace the ribbon cartridge: 11 Replace the top cover. 12 Re-insert the power cable and re-apply power. Your printer may now be

used. You may like to check the print quality using one of the test print procedures (see below).

FRONT PANEL DIAGNOSTIC AND TEST MODES

The printer is equipped with a number of different modes for diagnosis and testing. These ate accessed from the front panel by holding down a front

panel button (or combination of buttons) while turning on the power to the printer.

The test and diagnostic modes available am listed below

. A text test print mode

l A short test print mode l A long test print mode l A hexadecimal dump mode

9 A bidirectional print test

Short test mode

If the printer is turned on while the ( button is pressed, the printer will enter the short self-test mode. The printer will start printing as soon as the

(ON=) button is released, and will print the version number of the printer’s

ROM, eg Each line will be offset by one character from the one before it. If the color

option has been installed, each line will be in a different color. The final (black and white) result will he something like the following:

[Standard mode]

“*** Ver 1.0 ***“, followed by seven lines of the character set.

[IBM mode]

Since the test print occupies the whole width of the carriage, it is recom-

mended that the printer is loaded with continuous stationery to avoid

possible damage to the print head and/or platen.

Text test mode

In this mode, the printer will print the Memory Switch menus and options.

This mode is accessed by turning on the printer at the same time as holding

downthe @%?3 button.

The resulting printout will be similar to the example below:

ttl MEMORY SWITCH TREE It4

HAIN MENU PRINT CURRENT SET

INSTALL i?ENU

L FACTORY SET

COWlAND MENU RM USkGE

QUIET MODE

GRAPHICS DIRECTION : BI / UN1

AUTO ON-LINE

FONT MENU 7 ZERO STYLE

NLO-FONT

PRINT MENU 7 PRINT OUALITY

PRINT PITCH

CONDENSED PRINT

ITALIC PRINT

PAPER MENU 1 OPTION ASF

AUTO LOADING

AUTO LOADING (ASF) I 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 (6LPl)

PAPER-OUT DETECTOR 8 OFF / ON

FORMS MENU - SHORT TEAR OFF

SKIP OVER PERFORATION 8 OFF / ON

&IT0 LF

AUTO CR

LINES PER INCH

PAGE LENGTH (INCH) t DIP-SW / J / 3.5 / 4 / 5.5

I BUFFER / DOWNLOAD / 1LINEBUFFER

: OFF / ON

t NORML / SLASHED

: COURIER / SANSERIF

LETTER-G / ORATDR SCRIPT / OCR-B TW-LIGHT / CINEMA

: NLO / DRAFT

8 1OCPI / 12CPI / PROP

: OFF / DN

: OFF / ON

r1/2/3/4/S/6(6LPI)

: OFF /.ON

8 OFF / ON

: OFF / ON

* SLPI / 4LPI / MPI / SLPI

6 / 7 / 8 / e.5 / 11.7 / 14

Hexadecimal dump mode

In this mode, all received data will be printed in a hexadecimal dump format, rather than the control codes being acted on as command codes.

This mode is accessed by turning on the printer, while simultaneously holding down the (+!K?%$ and (-1 keys. To turn off the mode, it is necessary to turn off the printer completely.

The printout will be similar to that produced by a MS-DOS DEBUG Display

command, ie the hexadecimal values of the bytes received will be given in rows of 16, divided into two blocks of eight. “Unprintable” characters, ie control codes from OOh through 1Fh and 7Fh through FFh, are represented by periods.

The following (BASIC) program will produce the result below it:

10 FOR I=0 TO 255

20 LPRINT CHR$(I); 30 NEXT I

40 LPRINT

50 END

After the program has been nm, the printer’s buffer should be flushed by pmssing the (ZZC@C button.

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 OA 08 OC OD OE OF

10 ii 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 ii4 1B 1C ID 1E 1F

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2A 2B ZC 2D 2E 2F

30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3A 38 3C 3D 3E 3F 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 40 49 4cI 4B 4C 4D 4E 4F so 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 5A SE SC 5D 5E SF 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 6A 68 6C 6D 6E 6F

70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 7A 78 7C 7D 7E 7F

80 81 82 83 04 85 86 87 88 89 812 8B SC BD 8E 8F

92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 9A 9B 9C 9D 9E 9F

90 91

A0 Al iA2 A3 A4 AS A6 A7

BO El B2 B3 B4 B5 86 87

CO Cl C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 DO Dl DZ D3 D4 DS D6 D7 EO El EZ E3 E4 ES E6 E7 FO Fl F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 OD OA

A8 A9 136 FIB AC AD AE AF B8 89 84 BB BC BD BE BF C8 C9 CA CB CC CD CE CF D8 D9 DA DB DC DD DE DF E8 E9 EFI EB EC ED EE EF F8 F9 FA FB FC FD FE FF

. . . . . . . .

! “WXL’ 01234567 8ABCDEFG PORSTUVW

’ abcde+g hi jklmno

pqrstuvw xyzc ;>--a

. . . . . . . .

........

. .

. . . . . . . .

c1s+,-./

89: ;<=>?

HI JKLMNO

XYZC\I^-

. . . . . . . .

........

This mode is useful when installing and debugging software, to ensure that the characters and codes actually being received by the printer are those which are actually required.

Bidirectional test/adjustment mode

This mode is used to adjust the alignment of the print head on successive

bidirectional passes. After a period of some months, your printer may work itself out of alignment on left and right printing passes, showing itself most obviously in graphics printing. This mode will therefore be used very rarely.

1 Turn the printer off and then turn it on again while holding down the

@%E% and ‘S%!S buttons. The printer will then print something like the

following:

XXL DOT ADJUSTMENT MODE XL*

2 The printer will feed the paper forwards and backwards during this

operation, allowing you to view the paper for optimum alignment.

3 The vertical lines are in fact composed of three lines, the top and bottom

being printed on one pass of the print head, and the middle on a pass in the opposite direction.

4 To adjust the printing, use the B and :PIPER buttons. 5 The GE++ button will move the middle line to the left (as shown by the

number by the side of the lines). The opposite function.

~5~~9 button will perform the

6 When the three vertical lines are aligned with each other to form one

continuous line, the bidirectional alignment test is completed.

7 To change the mode for which the bidirectional adjustment is performed,

press the SEE!9 button. This will cycle between “DRAFT-A”, “DRAFT-B”, “NLQ-A”, “NLQ-B”, “NLQ-C”, “GRAPHICS-A” and “GRAPHICS-B”.

8 Repeat the process for all print modes.

@iLINE-

GRAPH I E-G 12

9 To exit from this mode, press the ip_13 button.

I I

i I

I /

I I

1 I

! I

MEMO

Chapter 7

MS-DOS AND

YOUR PRINTER

When using your printer with an IBM PC, PC-XT or PC-AT or compatible,

you will probably be using PC-DOS or MS-DOS as an operating system. A number of software tricks may be useful here. This section is not, however, a substitute for the operating system manuals supplied with your computer.

To learn how to print files, etc. it is best to read the relevant parts of these

manuals.

. .

INSTALLING APPLICATION SOFTWARE WITH YOUR PRINTER

When installing application software, you may find that your printer is not

specifically mentioned in the lists of printers given for installation. However, this should pose no problem. Read this section, and the guidelines provided with your software on printer installation.

If you have your printer set up in standard mode, then choose an Epson EX-800 or EX- loo0 as your printer to be selected.

If neither of these a mentioned, choose one of the following (in order of preference):StarNR-10/15,StarND-10/15,EpsonFX86e,EpsonFX-286e.

~ i .

If you have your printer set up with the DIP switches to emulate an IBM Proprinter II, simply choose this from the list of printers available in the

application software list. If the IBM Proprinter II is not mentioned, use Proprinter.

You may be able to customize your application software to install some of the control commands specific to your printer (for instance, changing fonts)

which are not available to you under the standard emulation. For instance,

if you a installing WordStar, you may wish to use the VQ, *PW, “PE and

*PR commands to choose different typefaces. This can all be done with the

WordStar installation program. Read the section on escape sequences for

details of how to change fonts (for example).

If your word-processor does not allow you to change fonts, it may allow a pause in printing. Insert a “pause” command in your text file at the point where you want to change fonts. When the document is printed, printing will then pause at that point. You can then put the printer off-line and change fonts with the front panel buttons. Then put the printer on-line again and resume printing.

If your software package does not mention printers by name, but asks instead what features your printer is capable of, the most common questions are: “Can your printer perform a backspace?’ and “Can it do a hardware form

feed?‘. You should answer “Yes” to both these questions. Other software packages may well allow you to install specific features.

Spreadsheet programs will often ask for the maximum number of columns to be printed. This is given below.

Number of columns . . . . . . . . . CPI

Pica Elite Condensed pica Condensed elite

10 12 96

17.1 137 233 20

Proportional

10” model 15” model

80 136

163

160

272

Variable Variable

Sometimes the software installation will ask you for an initialization sequence to return the printer to the default settings (specified by the Memory Switches). The command for your printer is &SC> @ (lBh, 40h).

Make sure that the DIP switches are set for the right printer emulation, and that you have selected the appropriate character set using the DIP switches.

If you are in any doubt about the configuration of your application software, seek expert advice. Your software supplier will probably be your most convenient reference.

GRAPHICS HARD COPY

On a PC-compatible computer running under MS-DOS, you can use the [Shift) and (prtsc) keys on the computer together to obtain a printout of a text screen. To print out a graphics screen, you will have to run the program GRAPHICS.COM. See your MS-DOS manual for further details.

Continuous echoing of text output to the screen to the printer can be toggled on and off by use of them - m or (ctrl- @ key combinations.

SETTING UP THE PRINTER FROM THE DOS PROMPT

The PRINT command can be used to transmit control codes and escape

sequences from a file to the printer in order to set up various parameters. For instance, if you want to set up NLQ printing, the command is <ESC> x 1 (1Bh 78h 31h).

A file must therefore be created using these three characters. Though the MS-DOS line editor EDLIN can be used, there is a small difficulty in inputting the <ESC> character. This is achieved with the following sequence:

(ciiw) 0

and then the ASCII “xl” can be input. The file is then saved, and output to

the printer. The session can therefore be something like the following:

A>EDLIN NLQ.DAT

NEW FILE

*^v[xl

2:*-c

Of course, if you have a text editor or word-processor which allows you to input characters such as the <ESC> character, this is probably preferable to

using EDLIN. For full details of how to use EDLIN, consult your operating

system manual.

The resulting file should be sent to the printer using the COPY command,

eg:

A>COPY NLQ.DAT PRN

prior to printing document files. Of course, this command can also be included in a batch file.

PROGRAMMING USING BASIC

As discussed earlier, a version of BASIC is usually supplied with PCcompatible machines. With this BASIC, characters are sent to the printer using the LPRINT command, and contml codes are defined using the

CHR$() function.

Sample program

The following lines of BASIC give examples of how the printer may be driven from within your own programs:

' Set control codea

1000 1010 E$=CHRS(27) 1020 D$=E$+"xO" 1030 L$=E$+"xl" 1040 F$=E$+"k"

1050 C$=F$+CHR$(O)+L$ 1060 HS=CHRS(P) 1070 P$=E$+"P" 1080 ' 1090 WIDTH "LPT1:",255 1100 LPRIRT E$:"D";CHR$(3):CHR$(27);CHR$(O); 1110 LPRIRT C$;"Font settings:" 1120 LPRIRT H$;D$;"Draft characters,";L$; 1130 LPRIRT H$;F$;CHR$(O);"Courier charactera," 1140 LPRINT H$;F$;CHR$(l);"Sanserif characters,"; 1150 LPRIRT H$;F$;CHR$(2);"Letter-Gothic." 1160 LPRIRT H$;F$;CHR$(3);"0rator charactera."; 1170 LPRIRT H$;F$;CHR$(4);"Script characters," 1180 LPRIRT H$;F$;CHR$(5);"0CR-B charactera."; 1190 LPRIRT H$;F$;CHR$(6):"TW-Light characters." 1200 LPRIRT H$;F$;CHR$(7);"Cinema charactera" 1210 ' 1220 LPRIRT 1230 LPRIRT C$:"Print pitches are:" 1240 LPRIRT. H$;P$;"Pica pitch (10 CPI),":

1250 LPRIRT H$;E$;"M";"Elite pitch (12 CPI)." 1260 LPRIRT H$;P$; 1270 LPRIRT CRRS(15); 1280 LPRIRT "Condenaed pica pitch (17 CPI)."; 1290 LPRIRT H$;E$;"M": 1300 LPRIRT CHR$(18)

Start printing

'Escape code 'Draft quality 'Letter quality 'Select font 'Select Courier 'Horizontal tab 'Pica pitch

'Select condensed print

"Condensed elite pitch (20 CPI).";

'Cancel condensed print

1310

LPRINT H$;E$;"pl"; LPRINT P$;"Proportional spacing,";

1320 1330

LPRINT E$;"pO"

1340

LPRINT LPRINT H$;E$;"Wl";"Double width,";E$;"WO";

1350

LPRINT H$;E$;"wl";"Double-height,";E$;"wO"

1360 1370

LPRINT H$;E$;"h";CHR$(l);"Double-sized,"

1380

LPRINT H$;E$;"h";CHR$(2);"Quad-sized.";

1390

LPRINT E$;"h";CHR$(O)

1400

LPRINT :LPRINT

1410

LPRINT E$;"Q";CHR$(47) 'Set right margin

1420

LPRINT C$;"Various line and character spacings:"

1430

LPRINT E$;"al"

1440

FOR I=1 TO 10

1450

LPRINT E$;"A";CHR$(I); 'Set line spacing

1460

LPRINT E$;" ";CHR$(I);

1470

LPRINT "THE SPACINGS ARE CHANGED"

1480

NEXT I

1490

FOR I=10 TO 1 STEP -1

1500

LPRINT E$;"A";CHR$(I); 'Set line spacing

1510 1520

LPRINT E$;" ";CHR$(I);

1530

LPRINT "THE SPACINGS ARE CHANGED"

1540

NEXT I

LPRINT E$;"aO"

1550 1560

LPRINT E$;"3";CHR$(36); 'Set l/6" line spacing

1570

LPRINT E$;" ";CHR$(O); LPRINT :LPRINT E$;"Q";CHR$(80)

1580

1590

1600

LPRINT C$ ; “Other features : ” LPRINT H5~E5~"4"~"Italics"

1610 1620

LPRINT E$i"E";"Emphasized"

1630

LPRINT E5;"G"; LPRINT H$;E$;"-l";"Underlining";E$;"-0";". 'I;

1640 1650

LPRINT E5;"~l";"Overlining";E$;"~O";", I'; LPRINT E$;"SO";"SUPER";E5;"T";" and 'I;

1660 1670

LPRINT E5;"Sl":

1680

LPRINT H$;C$;"Download characters: ";

1690

GOSUB 3020

1700

LPRINT E$;"%l"; FOR I=1 TO 5

1710

LPRINT CHR$(60);

1720

NEXT I

1730 1740

LPRINT E$;"%O";

1750

GOSUB 3130

1760

LPRINT E$;"%l";

1770

FOR I=1 TO 5

1780

LPRINT CHR$(60);

1790

NEXT I

LPRINT E$;"%O"

1800 1810

LPRINT H$;C$;"Dot graphics:"

1820 1830

DIM LOGOS(4)

1840

RESTORE 4170 FOR ROW=1 TO 4

1850

FOR COL=l TO 65

1860

"Double-strike";E$;"H";", "

'Select proportional spacing

'Cancel proportional spacing

'Center text

'Increase character space

'Left justify

'Normal character space

;E5;"5";", I'; ;E$ ; "F" ; 1' ,

"SUBSCRIPT";E5;"T";", "

'Select download character

'Print download character

'Select normal character

'Select download character

'Print download character

'Select normal character

I' ;

1870 READ GD 1880 LOGO$(ROW)=LOGO$(ROW)+CHR$(GD) 1890 NEXT COL 1900 NEXT ROW

1910 LPRINT E$;"A";CHR$(B);

1920 FOR ROW=1 TO 4 1930 LPRINT 11 "; 1940 FOR B=O TO 6 1950 IF B=2 THEN 2000

1960 IF B=5 THEN 2000 1970 LPRINT E$;"*";CHR$(B); 1980 LPRINT CHR$(65);CHR$(O);LOGO$(ROW);

1990 LPRINT u "; 2000 NEXT B

2010 LPRINT 2020 NEXT ROW 2030 LPRINT EL;"@" 'Initialize printer 2040 END 3000 ' 3010 ' SUBROUTINES

' Define Draft download character

3020 3030 LPRINT E$;"xO";E$;":";CHR$(O);CHR$(O);CHR$(O); 3040 LPRINT E$;"&";CHR$(O);CHR$(6O~;CHR$(6O~; 3050 RESTORE 4020 3060 READ LS :LPRINT CHR$(LS); 3070 FOR M=l TO 11 3080 READ MM 3090 LPRINT CHR$(MM); 3100 NEXT M 3110 RETURN 3120 '

' Define NLQ download character

3130 3140 LPRINT C$; 3150 LPRINT E$;"&";CHR$(O);CHR$(60):CHR$(60); 3160 RESTORE 4060 3170 READ LS :LPRINT CHR$(LS); 3180 READ CW :LPRINT CHR$(CW): 3190 READ RS :LPRINT CHR$(RS); 3200 FOR M=l TO CW*3 3210 READ MM 3220 LPRINT CHR$(MM); 3230 NEXT M

3240 RETURN 4000 ' 4010 ' DATA

' Draft download character dnta

4020 4030 DATA 139 4040

DATA 124, 0, 66, 4, 64, 36. 16, 2, 16,

4050 '

' NLQ downlond characer data

4060 4070 DATA 0, 23, 0 4080 DATA 1,248, 0. 6. 0, 0. 8,124, 0 4090

DATA 16, 2. 0, 32,124, 0, 0, 2, 0 4100 DATA 32,124, 0. 0. 0. 0, 63,248, 0 4110 DATA 0, 0. 0. 32. 0. 0. 0,120, 0 4120

DATA 16. 0. 0. 8,120, 0, 4. 0. 0

'Set a/72" line spacing

'Select normal density

12, 0

4130 DATA 2,124, 0, 1,130, 0, 0,124, 0 4140 DATA 0,130, 0, 0,124, 0, 0,128, 0 4150 DATA 0,120, 0, 0. 0. 0 4160 ' 4170 ' 4180 ' ROW 1

4190 DATA 0. 0, 0. 0. 1. 3. 7. 7. 7, 15 4200 DATA 14, 14, 14, 14. 14. 7. 7. 3. 3, 15 4210 DATA 15, 15. 0. 0. 0. 0. 6. 7. 7. 7 4220 DATA 7, 7. 7, 7. 7, 6, 6. 0. 0. 7 4230 DATA 7. 7, 7. 7. 7. 7. 7. 7. 7. 7 4240 DATA 0, 0, 7. 7. 7. 7. 7. 7. 7. 7 4250 DATA 7, 7. 0. 0. 0

4260 ' ROW 2 4270 DATA 0, 0. 60,255,255,255.255,255.143. 15

4280 4290 DATA 240,240, 0. 0, 0. 0. 0. 0,224,255

4300 DATA 255.255.255.255. 31. 0. 0. 0. 1. 3 4310 DATA 31,255,255,255.255.255.255. 1. 0. 0 4320 DATA 0. 1. 7, 31,255,252,240.192.128. 0 4330 DATA 0, 0. 0. 0. 0 4340 ' ROW 3 4350 DATA 0, 31, 31, 3.129.128.192.192.192.192 4360 DATA 192,224,224,224.224.240.255.255.255.255,255,255 4370 DATA 255,127, 0. 0. 0, 0. 0. 0, 0,192 4380 DATA 255,255,255.255.255, 15, 15. 63s252.240

4390 DATA 192, 0,240,255,255,255,255.255, 7. 15 4400 DATA 127,252,240,192, 0, 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 4410 DATA 0. 0. 0. 0, 0 4420 ' ROW 4

4430 DATA 0,248,248,240,224,224,112,112. 56. 56 4440 DATA 56, 56, 56,120.120.240.240,224.224,192 4450 DATA 128, 0. 0. 0. 0, 0, 0, 0. 0. 0 4460 DATA 128,248,248,248.248,240.192. 0. 0. 0 4470 DATA 0. 0,240,248,248,248.248.240.192. 0 4480 DATA 0, 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0, 0. 0, 0 4490 DATA 0, 0. 0. 0. 0

Dot graphics data

DATA 7. 3. 3. 3.131.193.241

7. 7. 7.

This will produce the following results as shown on page 95.

How the program works

This program begins by assigning a number of printer commands to BASIC string variables (lines 1000 to 1070). You can find most of these commands near the beginning of chapter 4.

The WIDTH “LPTI:” 255 statement in line 1090 means infinite line width. It prevents the IBM-PC from inserting unwanted carriage returns and line feeds in graphics data.

Actual printing begins in line 1100. Using the preassigned commands, the

program prints samples of its different font styles, followed by samples of the print pitches, then some double and quadruple-sized printing.

Next comes the central attraction of the program: a line of text printed twenty times in expanding and contracting loops to give a bane1 effect. The work

is done by four printer commands: a command setting the right margin (line

1420); a centering command (line 1440); a command to vary the line spacing (lines 1460 and 1510); and a command to micro-adjust the space between characters (lines 1470 and 1520).

Next the program returns to normal spacing and gives a demonstration of the printer’s word-processing abilities: italic printing, bold printing, underlining, subscripts, etc.

The row of car symbols in the next printed line is created by downloading two new character patterns, which are printed in place of the character “<” (character 60).

The final part of the program uses dot graphics to print an “SW” logo. The dot pattern of the logo was originally laid out on graph paper, then converted to the data in lines 4180 to 4490 with the help of a calculator. Each number represents eight vertical dots. (See “Graphics commands” in Chapter 4 for details.)

The pattern is printed in four rows, each eight dots high and 65 dots wide. Lines 1830 to 1900 read the dot data into a string array variable named LOGO$. Line 1910 sets the line spacing to 8/72 inch so that the rows will

connect vertically. The loop in lines 1920 to 2020 does the printing in four passes of the print head.

This program can also be run in IBM mode if you change a few of the lines

as shown below to allow for differences in some of the commands. You will get a cylinder instead of a barrel effect, becuase the IBM mode does not have

any command to micro-adjust the character spacing.

Modifications for IBM mode:

1070 P$=CHR$(18) 1250 LPRINT H$;E$;":";"Elite pitch (12 CPI)," 1290 ' LPRINT H$;E$;"M";"Condensed elite pitch (20 CPI),"; 1420 LPRINT CHR$(28);"Q";CHR$(47) 1460 LPRINT E$;"A";CHR$(I);E$;

' LPRINT E$;" ";CHR$(I);

1470 1510 LPRINT E$;"A";CHR$(I);E$;"2"; 'Set line spacing 1520 ' 1570 ' LPRINT E$;" ";CHR$(O); 1580 LPRINT :LPRINT CHR$(28);"Q";CHR$(80) 1610 LPRINT H$;CHR$(28);"4";"Italics";CHR$(28);"5";", 'I;

1910 LPRINT E$;"A";CHR$(8);E$;"2"; 3030 LPRINT E$;"xO";CHR$(28);":";CHR$(O);CHR$(O);CHR$(O); 3150 LPRINT CHR$(28);

LPRINT E$;" ";CHR$(I); 'Increase character space

'Pica pitch

'Set right margin

"2"; 'Set line spacing

'Increase character space

'Normal character space

'Set a/72" line spacing

"&";CHR$(O);CHR$(6O);CHR$(60);