ST TS4962 User Manual
2.8 W filter-free mono class D audio power amplifier
Features
■ Operating from V
■ Standby mode active low
■ Output power: 2.8 W into 4 Ω and 1.7 W into
8 Ω with 10% THD+N maximum and 5 V power
supply
■ Output power: 2.2 W at 5 V or 0.7 W at 3.0 V
into 4 Ω with 1% THD+N maximum
■ Output power: 1.4 W at 5 V or 0.5 W at 3.0 V
into 8 Ω with 1% THD+N maximum
■ Adjustable gain via external resistors
■ Low current consumption 2 mA at 3 V
■ Efficiency: 88% typical
■ Signal to noise ratio: 85 dB typical
■ PSRR: 63 dB typical at 217 Hz with 6 dB gain
■ PWM base frequency: 280 kHz
■ Low pop & click noise
■ Thermal shutdown protection
■ Available in DFN8 3 x 3 mm package
= 2.4 V to 5.5 V
CC
DFN8 3 x 3 mm
TS4962IQT pinout
1
1
2
2
EXPOSED
EXPOSED
PAD
3
3
4
4
PAD
TS4962
8
8
7
7
6
6
5
5
Applications
■ Cellular phones
■ PDAs
■ Notebook PCs
Description
The TS4962 is a differential class-D BTL power
amplifier. It can drive up to 2.2 W into a 4 Ω load
and 1.4 W into an 8 Ω load at 5 V. It achieves
outstanding efficiency (88% typ.) compared to
standard AB-class audio amps.
January 2010 Doc ID 10968 Rev 8 1/44
The gain of the device can be controlled via two
external gain setting resistors. Pop & click
reduction circuitry provides low on/off switch noise
while allowing the device to start within 5 ms. A
standby function (active low) enables the current
consumption to be reduced to 10 nA typical.
www.st.com
44
Contents TS4962
Contents
1 Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 Application overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.1 Electrical characteristics curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4 Application information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.1 Differential configuration principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.2 Gain in typical application schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.3 Common-mode feedback loop limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.4 Low frequency response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.5 Decoupling of the circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.6 Wake-up time (t
4.7 Shutdown time (t
4.8 Consumption in standby mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.9 Single-ended input configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.10 Output filter considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.11 Several examples with summed inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.11.1 Example 1: dual differential inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.11.2 Example 2: one differential input plus one single-ended input . . . . . . . . 36
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
WU
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
STBY
5 Demonstration board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
6 Recommended footprint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
7 Package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
8 Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
9 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2/44 Doc ID 10968 Rev 8
TS4962 Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions
1 Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions
Table 1. Absolute maximum ratings
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
V
T
T
R
CC
V
oper
stg
T
thja
i
j
Supply voltage
Input voltage
Operating free air temperature range -40 to + 85 °C
Storage temperature -65 to +150 °C
Maximum junction temperature 150 °C
Thermal resistance junction to ambient
DFN8 package
Pd Power dissipation Internally limited
Human body model
ESD
Machine model
Charged device model
(1) (2)
(3)
(6)
(5)
(7)
6V
GND to V
CC
V
120 °C/W
(4)
2kV
200 V
Latch-up Latch-up immunity 200 mA
V
STBY
Standby pin maximum voltage
(8)
GND to V
CC
V
Lead temperature (soldering, 10sec) 260 °C
1. Caution: this device is not protected in the event of abnormal operating conditions such as short-circuiting
between any one output pin and ground or between any one output pin and VCC, and between individual
output pins.
2. All voltage values are measured with respect to the ground pin.
3. The magnitude of the input signal must never exceed VCC + 0.3 V/GND - 0.3 V.
4. Exceeding the power derating curves during a long period will provoke abnormal operation.
5. Human body model: a 100 pF capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged through a
1.5 kΩ resistor between two pins of the device. This is done for all couples of connected pin combinations
while the other pins are floating.
6. Machine model: a 200 pF capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged directly between
two pins of the device with no external series resistor (internal resistor < 5 Ω). This is done for all couples of
connected pin combinations while the other pins are floating.
7. Charged device model: all pins and the package are charged together to the specified voltage and then
discharged directly to the ground through only one pin. This is done for all pins.
8. The magnitude of the standby signal must never exceed VCC + 0.3 V/GND - 0.3 V.
Table 2. Dissipation ratings
Package Derating factor Power rating at 25°C Power rating at 85°C
DFN8 20 mW/°C 2.5 W 1.3 W
Doc ID 10968 Rev 8 3/44
Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions TS4962
Table 3. Operating conditions
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
V
V
R
CC
V
IC
STBY
R
L
thja
Supply voltage
Common mode input voltage range
Standby voltage input:
Device ON
Device OFF
Load resistor ≥ 4 Ω
Thermal resistance junction to ambient
DFN8 package
(1)
(5)
2.4 to 5.5 V
(2)
(3)
0.5 to VCC-0.8 V
1.4 ≤ V
GND
≤ V
STBY
STBY
≤ V
CC
≤ 0.4
(4)
50 °C/W
V
1. For VCC between 2.4 V and 2.5 V, the operating temperature range is reduced to 0°C ≤T
2. For VCC between 2.4V and 2.5V, the common mode input range must be set at VCC/2.
3. Without any signal on V
4. Minimum current consumption is obtained when V
5. When mounted on a 4-layer PCB.
, the device will be in standby.
STBY
STBY
= GND.
amb
≤ 70°C.
4/44 Doc ID 10968 Rev 8
TS4962 Application overview
2 Application overview
Table 4. External component information
Component Functional description
Bypass supply capacitor. Install as close as possible to the TS4962 to
C
S
R
in
Input capacitor
Table 5. Pin description
Pin number Pin name Description
1 STBY Standby input pin (active low)
2 NC No internal connection pin
3 IN+ Positive input pin
4 IN- Negative input pin
minimize high-frequency ripple. A 100 nF ceramic capacitor should be added
to enhance the power supply filtering at high frequencies.
Input resistor used to program the TS4962’s differential gain
(gain = 300 kΩ/R
with Rin in kΩ).
in
Because of common-mode feedback, these input capacitors are optional.
However, they can be added to form with R
-3 dB cut-off frequency = 1/(2*
π*R
in*Cin
a 1st order high-pass filter with
in
).
5 OUT+ Positive output pin
6 VCC Power supply input pin
7 GND Ground input pin
8 OUT- Negative output pin
Exposed pad
Exposed pad can be connected to ground (pin 7) or left
floating
Doc ID 10968 Rev 8 5/44
Application overview TS4962
Figure 1. Typical application schematics
Vcc
In+
GND
Differential
Input
In-
GND
In+
GND
Differential
Input
In-
GND
Vcc
GND
+
-
Input
capacitors
are optional
Rin
Rin
Vcc
GND
+
-
Input
capacitors
are optional
Stdby
1
4
InIn+
3
Rin
Rin
-
+
300k
150k
150k
1
4
3
Internal
Bias
Oscillator
Stdby
InIn+
PWM
-
+
300k
150k
150k
Internal
Bias
Oscillator
Vcc
Output
H
Bridge
GND
7
GND
6
PWM
Out+
Out-
6
Vcc
Out+
5
Output
H
Bridge
8
Out-
GND
7
GND
Vcc
Cs
1u
4 Ohms LC Output Filter
GND
5
8
15µH
30µH
15µH
GND
30µH
GND
GND
SPEAKER
2µF
2µF
1µF
1µF
Cs
1u
Load
6/44 Doc ID 10968 Rev 8
8 Ohms LC Output Filter
TS4962 Electrical characteristics
3 Electrical characteristics
Table 6. Electrical characteristics at VCC = +5 V,
with GND = 0 V, V
= 2.5 V, and T
icm
Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit
= 25°C (unless otherwise specified)
amb
I
CC
I
STBY
V
Supply current
No input signal, no load
Standby current
No input signal, V
Output offset voltage
oo
No input signal, R
(1)
STBY
L
= GND
= 8 Ω
2.3 3.3 mA
10 1000 nA
325mV
Output power, G = 6 dB
THD = 1% max, f = 1 kHz, R
P
out
THD = 10% max, f = 1 kHz, R
THD = 1% max, f = 1 kHz, R
THD = 10% max, f = 1 kHz, R
= 4 Ω
L
= 4 Ω
L
= 8 Ω
L
= 8 Ω
L
2.2
2.8
1.4
1.7
W
Total harmonic distortion + noise
THD + N
= 850 mW
P
out
R
= 8 Ω + 15 µH, BW < 30 kHz
L
P
= 1 W
out
R
= 8 Ω + 15 µH, BW < 30 kHz
L
RMS
, G = 6 dB, 20 Hz < f < 20 kHz
RMS
, G = 6 dB, f = 1 kHz
2
0.4
%
Efficiency
Efficiency
PSRR
CMRR
Gain Gain value (Rin in kΩ)V/V
R
STBY
F
PWM
SNR
t
WU
t
STBY
P
= 2 W
out
P
=1.2 W
out
Power supply rejection ratio with inputs grounded
f = 217 Hz, RL = 8 Ω, G=6dB, V
, RL = 4 Ω + ≥ 15 µH
RMS
, RL = 8 Ω+ ≥ 15 µH
RMS
ripple
= 200 mV
(2)
pp
Common mode rejection ratio
f = 217 Hz, R
= 8 Ω, G = 6 dB, ΔVic = 200 mV
L
pp
273k
----------------R
Internal resistance from standby to GND 273 300 327 kΩ
Pulse width modulator base frequency 200 280 360 kHz
Signal to noise ratio (A weighting),
P
= 1.2 W, RL = 8 Ω
out
Wake-up time 5 10 ms
Standby time 5 10 ms
78
88
63 dB
57 dB
Ω
in
300k
----------------R
in
Ω
85 dB
327k
----------------R
in
%
Ω
Doc ID 10968 Rev 8 7/44
Electrical characteristics TS4962
Table 6. Electrical characteristics at VCC = +5 V,
with GND = 0 V, V
= 2.5 V, and T
icm
= 25°C (unless otherwise specified)
amb
(continued)
Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit
V
Output voltage noise f = 20 Hz to 20 kHz, G = 6 dB
N
Unweighted RL = 4 Ω
A-weighted R
Unweighted R
A-weighted R
Unweighted R
A-weighted R
Unweighted R
A-weighted R
Unweighted R
A-weighted R
Unweighted R
A-weighted R
Unweighted R
A-weighted R
1. Standby mode is active when V
2. Dynamic measurements - 20*log(rms(V
VCC at f = 217 Hz.
= 4 Ω
L
= 8 Ω
L
= 8 Ω
L
= 4 Ω + 15 µH
L
= 4 Ω + 15 µH
L
= 4 Ω + 30 µH
L
= 4 Ω + 30 µH
L
= 8 Ω + 30 µH
L
= 8 Ω + 30 µH
L
= 4 Ω + filter
L
= 4 Ω + filter
L
= 4 Ω + filter
L
= 4 Ω + filter
L
is tied to GND.
STBY
)/rms(V
out
ripple
)). V
85
60
86
62
83
60
88
64
78
57
87
65
82
59
is the superimposed sinusoidal signal to
ripple
μV
RMS
8/44 Doc ID 10968 Rev 8
TS4962 Electrical characteristics
Ω
Table 7. Electrical characteristics at VCC = +4.2 V with GND = 0 V, V
= 25°C (unless otherwise specified)
T
amb
(1)
Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit
= 2.1 V and
icm
I
CC
I
STBY
V
Supply current
No input signal, no load
Standby current
No input signal, V
Output offset voltage
oo
No input signal, RL = 8 Ω
(2)
STBY
= GND
2.1 3 mA
10 1000 nA
325mV
Output power, G = 6 dB
THD = 1% max, f = 1 kHz, RL = 4 Ω
P
out
THD = 10% max, f = 1 kHz, R
THD = 1% max, f = 1 kHz, R
THD = 10% max, f = 1 kHz, R
= 4 Ω
L
= 8 Ω
L
= 8 Ω
L
1.5
1.95
0.9
1.1
W
Total harmonic distortion + noise
THD + N
= 600 mW
P
out
R
= 8 Ω + 15 µH, BW < 30 kHz
L
P
= 700 mW
out
R
= 8 Ω + 15 µH, BW < 30 kHz
L
, G = 6 dB, 20 Hz < f < 20 kHz
RMS
, G = 6 dB, f = 1 kHz
RMS
2
0.35
%
Efficiency
Efficiency
PSRR
CMRR
Gain Gain value (Rin in kΩ)V/V
P
out
P
out
= 1.45 W
= 0.9 W
, RL = 4 Ω + ≥ 15 µH
RMS
, RL = 8 Ω+ ≥ 15 µH
RMS
Power supply rejection ratio with inputs grounded
f = 217 Hz, RL = 8 Ω, G=6dB, V
ripple
= 200 mV
Common mode rejection ratio
f = 217 Hz, R
= 8 Ω, G = 6 dB, ΔVic = 200 mV
L
pp
(3)
pp
273k
----------------R
in
78
88
63
57 dB
300k
Ω
----------------R
in
327k
----------------R
in
%
dB
Ω
R
STBY
F
PWM
SNR
t
t
STBY
WU
Internal resistance from standby to GND 273 300 327 kΩ
Pulse width modulator base frequency 200 280 360 kHz
Signal to noise ratio (A-weighting)
P
= 0.8 W, RL = 8 Ω
out
85 dB
Wake-up time 5 10 ms
Standby time 5 10 ms
Doc ID 10968 Rev 8 9/44
Electrical characteristics TS4962
Table 7. Electrical characteristics at VCC = +4.2 V with GND = 0 V, V
= 25°C (unless otherwise specified)
T
amb
(1)
(continued)
= 2.1 V and
icm
Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit
V
1. All electrical values are guaranteed with correlation measurements at 2.5 V and 5 V.
2. Standby mode is active when V
3. Dynamic measurements - 20*log(rms(V
VCC at f = 217 Hz.
Output voltage noise f = 20 Hz to 20 kHz, G = 6 dB
N
Unweighted RL = 4 Ω
A-weighted R
= 4 Ω
L
Unweighted RL = 8 Ω
A-weighted R
= 8 Ω
L
Unweighted RL = 4 Ω + 15 µH
A-weighted R
= 4 Ω + 15 µH
L
Unweighted RL = 4 Ω + 30 µH
A-weighted R
= 4 Ω + 30 µH
L
Unweighted RL = 8 Ω + 30 µH
A-weighted R
Unweighted R
A-weighted R
Unweighted R
A-weighted R
= 8 Ω + 30 µH
L
= 4 Ω + filter
L
= 4 Ω + filter
L
= 4 Ω + filter
L
= 4 Ω + filter
L
is tied to GND.
STBY
out
)/rms(V
ripple
)). V
85
60
86
62
83
60
88
64
78
57
87
65
82
59
is the superimposed sinusoidal signal to
ripple
μV
RMS
10/44 Doc ID 10968 Rev 8
TS4962 Electrical characteristics
Ω
Ω
Table 8. Electrical characteristics at VCC = +3.6 V
with GND = 0 V, V
= 1.8 V, T
icm
Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit
= 25°C (unless otherwise specified)
amb
(1)
I
I
STBY
V
Supply current
CC
No input signal, no load
Standby current
No input signal, V
Output offset voltage
oo
No input signal, RL = 8 Ω
(2)
STBY
= GND
22.8mA
10 1000 nA
325mV
Output power, G = 6 dB
THD = 1% max, f = 1 kHz, RL = 4 Ω
P
out
THD = 10% max, f = 1 kHz, R
THD = 1% max, f = 1 kHz, R
THD = 10% max, f = 1 kHz, R
= 4 Ω
L
= 8 Ω
L
= 8 Ω
L
1.1
1.4
0.7
0.85
W
Total harmonic distortion + noise
THD + N
= 450 mW
P
out
R
= 8 Ω + 15 µH, BW < 30 kHz
L
P
= 500 mW
out
R
= 8 Ω + 15 µH, BW < 30 kHz
L
, G = 6 dB, 20 Hz < f < 20 kHz
RMS
, G = 6 dB, f = 1 kHz
RMS
2
0.1
%
Efficiency
Efficiency
PSRR
CMRR
Gain Gain value (Rin in kΩ)V/V
P
out
P
out
= 1 W
= 0.65 W
, RL = 4 Ω + ≥ 15 µH
RMS
, RL = 8 Ω+ ≥ 15 µH
RMS
Power supply rejection ratio with inputs grounded
f = 217 Hz, RL = 8 Ω, G=6dB, V
ripple
= 200 mV
Common mode rejection ratio
f = 217 Hz, R
= 8 Ω, G = 6 dB, ΔVic = 200 mV
L
pp
(3)
pp
273k
----------------R
78
88
62 dB
56 dB
300k
----------------R
in
in
327k
----------------R
in
%
Ω
R
STBY
F
PWM
SNR
t
t
STBY
Internal resistance from standby to GND 273 300 327 kΩ
Pulse width modulator base frequency 200 280 360 kHz
Signal to noise ratio (A-weighting)
P
= 0.6 W, RL = 8 Ω
out
Wake-up time 5 10 ms
WU
83 dB
Standby time 5 10 ms
Doc ID 10968 Rev 8 11/44
Electrical characteristics TS4962
Table 8. Electrical characteristics at VCC = +3.6 V
with GND = 0 V, V
= 1.8 V, T
icm
= 25°C (unless otherwise specified)
amb
(continued)
Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit
V
1. All electrical values are guaranteed with correlation measurements at 2.5 V and 5 V.
2. Standby mode is activated when V
3. Dynamic measurements - 20*log(rms(V
VCC at f = 217 Hz.
Output voltage noise f = 20 Hz to 20 kHz, G = 6 dB
N
Unweighted RL = 4 Ω
A-weighted R
= 4 Ω
L
Unweighted RL = 8 Ω
A-weighted R
= 8 Ω
L
Unweighted RL = 4 Ω + 15 µH
A-weighted R
= 4 Ω + 15 µH
L
Unweighted RL = 4 Ω + 30 µH
A-weighted R
= 4 Ω + 30 µH
L
Unweighted RL = 8 Ω + 30 µH
A-weighted R
Unweighted R
A-weighted R
Unweighted R
A-weighted R
= 8 Ω + 30 µH
L
= 4 Ω + filter
L
= 4 Ω + filter
L
= 4 Ω + filter
L
= 4 Ω + filter
L
is tied to GND.
STBY
out
)/rms(V
ripple
)). V
83
57
83
61
81
58
87
62
77
56
85
63
80
57
is the superimposed sinusoidal signal to
ripple
μV
(1)
RMS
12/44 Doc ID 10968 Rev 8
TS4962 Electrical characteristics
Ω
Ω
Table 9. Electrical characteristics at VCC = +3.0 V
with GND = 0 V, V
= 1.5 V, T
icm
Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit
= 25°C (unless otherwise specified)
amb
(1)
I
I
STBY
V
Supply current
CC
No input signal, no load
Standby current
No input signal, V
Output offset voltage
oo
No input signal, RL = 8 Ω
(2)
STBY
= GND
1.9 2.7 mA
10 1000 nA
325mV
Output power, G = 6 dB
THD = 1% max, f = 1 kHz, RL = 4 Ω
P
out
THD = 10% max, f = 1 kHz, R
THD = 1% max, f = 1 kHz, R
THD = 10% max, f = 1 kHz, R
= 4 Ω
L
= 8 Ω
L
= 8 Ω
L
0.7
1
0.5
0.6
W
Total harmonic distortion + noise
THD + N
= 300 mW
P
out
R
= 8 Ω + 15 µH, BW < 30 kHz
L
P
= 350 mW
out
R
= 8 Ω + 15 µH, BW < 30 kHz
L
, G = 6 dB, 20 Hz < f < 20 kHz
RMS
, G = 6 dB, f = 1 kHz
RMS
2
0.1
%
Efficiency
Efficiency
PSRR
CMRR
Gain Gain value (Rin in kΩ)V/V
P
out
P
out
= 0.7 W
= 0.45 W
, RL = 4 Ω + ≥ 15 µH
RMS
, RL = 8 Ω+ ≥ 15 µH
RMS
Power supply rejection ratio with inputs grounded
f = 217 Hz, RL = 8 Ω, G=6dB, V
ripple
= 200 mV
Common mode rejection ratio
f = 217 Hz, R
= 8 Ω, G = 6 dB, ΔVic=200mV
L
pp
78
%
88
(3)
pp
60
dB
54 dB
273k
----------------R
in
300k
-----------------
327k
Ω
-----------------
R
R
in
in
R
STBY
F
PWM
SNR
t
t
STBY
Internal resistance from standby to GND 273 300 327 kΩ
Pulse width modulator base frequency 200 280 360 kHz
Signal to noise ratio (A-weighting)
P
= 0.4 W, RL = 8 Ω
out
Wake-up time 5 10 ms
WU
82 dB
Standby time 5 10 ms
Doc ID 10968 Rev 8 13/44
Electrical characteristics TS4962
Table 9. Electrical characteristics at VCC = +3.0 V
with GND = 0 V, V
= 1.5 V, T
icm
= 25°C (unless otherwise specified)
amb
(continued)
Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit
V
1. All electrical values are guaranteed with correlation measurements at 2.5 V and 5 V.
2. Standby mode is active when V
3. Dynamic measurements - 20*log(rms(V
VCC at f = 217 Hz.
Output voltage noise f = 20 Hz to 20 kHz, G = 6 dB
N
Unweighted RL = 4 Ω
A-weighted R
= 4 Ω
L
Unweighted RL = 8 Ω
A-weighted R
= 8 Ω
L
Unweighted RL = 4 Ω + 15 µH
A-weighted R
= 4 Ω + 15 µH
L
Unweighted RL = 4 Ω + 30 µH
A-weighted R
= 4 Ω + 30 µH
L
Unweighted RL = 8 Ω + 30 µH
A-weighted R
Unweighted R
A-weighted R
Unweighted R
A-weighted R
= 8 Ω + 30 µH
L
= 4 Ω + filter
L
= 4 Ω + filter
L
= 4 Ω + filter
L
= 4 Ω + filter
L
is tied to GND.
STBY
out
)/rms(V
ripple
)). V
83
57
83
61
81
58
87
62
77
56
85
63
80
57
is the superimposed sinusoidal signal to
ripple
μV
(1)
RMS
14/44 Doc ID 10968 Rev 8
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