SoundOff Signal nFORCE LED User Manual

nFORCE™ LED Lightbar
IMPORTANT NOTICE TO INSTALLER: Make sure to read and understand all instructions and warnings before proceeding with the installation of this product. Ensure that the manual and any warning cards are delivered to the end user of this equipment. Proper installation of the lightbar requires the installer to have a thorough knowledge of automotive electronics, systems, and procedures. Lightbars provide an essential function of an effective visual warning system. The use of the lightbar does not insure that all drivers can or will abide by or react to an emergency warning signal, especially at high rates of speeds or long distances. The operator of the vehicle must never take the right of way for granted and it is the operator’s responsibility to proceed safely. The effectiveness of the lightbar is highly dependant on the correct mounting and wiring. The installer must read and follow the manufacturer’s installation instructions and warnings in the manual. The vehicle operator should verify daily that the lightbar is securely fastened to the vehicle and properly functioning before operating vehicle. The lightbar is intended for use by authorized personnel only. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure they understand and operate the emergency warning devices in compliance with the applicable city, state and federal laws and regulations. SoundOff Signal assumes no liability for any loss resulting from the use of this warning device.
Components/Contents
Standard Equipment: 1 - nForce™ LED Lightbar built to your specifications 1 - Breakout Box 1 - 24 Pin Harness
Other Parts that may be included depending on your configuration: 1 - Vehicle Specific Hook Kit w/ Hardware*
2 - Fixed Height Mounting Brackets w/ Hardware or 1 - Flat Mount Hardware Kit or 2 - Headache Brackets w/ Hardware
*Kits will vary with each lightbar depending on vehicle specified on order form.
Unpack Lightbar
1. Remove the lightbar from box and packaging.
2. Save packaging for later shipping.
3. Check components/contents.
4. Please reference these instructions for proper wiring and installation.
Tools Required for Installation
• 7/16“ Socket with ratchet
• Phillips Head Screwdriver
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE CONTENT
1 COMPONENTS/ CONTENTS
2 MODULE SPECIFICATIONS
3 TECHNICAL/ POWER SPECIFICATIONS
4 FIXED HEIGHT BRACKETS AND HOOK MOUNTING
5 GASKET MOUNTINT INSTRUCTIONS
6-9 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
10 CONTROL HARNESS
11 LIGHT MODULE WIRE HARNESS LOCATIONS
12-13 DRIVER MODULE REPLACEMENT
14 NFORCE TROUBLESHOOTING
15 CONNECTION OF BREAKOUT BOX TO SOUNDOFF
SIGNAL SIRENS
16 REPLACEMENT PARTS
17 WARRANTY AND RETURN GOODS PROCEDURE
Important Information:
• Warning devices are strictly regulated and governed by Federal, State and Municipal ordinances. These devices shall be used ONLY on approved vehicles. It is the sole responsibility of the user of these devices to ensure compliance.
• DO NOT install this product or route any wires in the Air Bag Deployment Zone. Refer to your vehicle Owner’s Manual for the location of any air bag deployment zones.
• DO NOT connect this device to a strobe power supply. This product is self-contained and does not require an external power supply.
WARNING
!
This product contains high intensity LED devices. To
prevent eye damage, DO NOT stare into the light
beam at close range.
1.800.338.7337 / www.soundoffsignal.com
Warning devices are strictly regulated and governed by Federal, State and Municipal ordinances. These devices shall be used ONLY on approved vehicles. It is the sole responsibility of the user of these devices to ensure compliance.
To review our Limited Warranty Statement & Return Policy for this or any SoundOff Signal product, visit our website at www.soundoffsignal.com/sales-support.
If you have questions regarding this product, contact Technical Services, Monday - Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. at 1.800338.7337 (press #4 to skip the automated message).
Questions or comments that do not require immediate attention may be emailed to techservices@soundoffsigal.com.
SUPERIOR CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS. SMARTLY DESIGNED LIGHTING & ELECTRONIC SOLUTIONS.
1.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION:
nFORCE™ LED Lightbar
6 LED Single, Dual & Tri Color Inboard Module
INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE: 10-16Vdc CURRENT DRAW: 0.5 Amps @ 12.8 Vdc (Flashing)
1.0 Amps @ 12.8 Vdc (Steady On) WATTAGE: 6.4W (Flashing)
9 LED Single Color Inboard Module
INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE: 10-16Vdc CURRENT DRAW: 0.75 Amps @ 12.8 Vdc (Flashing)
1.5 Amps @ 12.8 Vdc (Steady On) WATTAGE: 9.6W (Flashing)
6 LED Single Color Takedown Module
INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE: 10-16Vdc CURRENT DRAW: 1 Amps @ 12.8 Vdc (Steady On) WATTAGE: 12.8 (Steady On)
12 LED Single, Dual & Tri Color Corner Module
INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE: 10-16Vdc CURRENT DRAW: 1 Amps @ 12.8 Vdc (Flashing) 2 Amps @ 12.8 Vdc (Steady On) WATTAGE: 12.8W (Flashing)
12 LED Single, Dual & Tri Color Corner Module w/Alley
INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE: 10-16Vdc CURRENT DRAW: 1 Amps @ 12.8 Vdc (Flashing)
2.5 Amps @ 12.8 Vdc (Steady On) WATTAGE: 12.8 (Flashing)
18 LED Single Corner Module
INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE: 10-16Vdc CURRENT DRAW: 1.5 Amps @ 12.8 Vdc (Flashing) 3 Amps @ 12.8 Vdc (Steady On) WATTAGE: 19.2W (Flashing)
18 LED Single Corner w/Alley
INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE: 10-16Vdc
WARNING CURRENT DRAW: 1.5 Amps @ 12.8 Vdc (Flashing)
3.5 Amps @ 12.8 Vdc (Steady On) WARNING WATTAGE: 19.2W (Flashing) ALLEY CURRENT DRAW: .25 Amps @ 12.8 Vdc (Flashing) .5 Amps @ 12.8 Vdc (Steady On) ALLEY WATTAGE: 6.4W (Steady On)
FLASHING = AVERAGE
IMPORTANT INFORMATION:
Warning devices are strictly regulated and governed by Federal, State and Municipal ordinances. These devices shall be used ONLY on approved vehicles. It is the sole responsibility of the user of these devices to ensure compliance.
To review our Limited Warranty Statement & Return Policy for this or any SoundOff Signal product, visit our website at www.soundoffsignal.com/sales-support.
If you have questions regarding this product, contact Technical Services, Monday - Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. at 1.800338.7337 (press #4 to skip the automated message).
Questions or comments that do not require immediate attention may be emailed to techservices@soundoffsigal.com.
SUPERIOR CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS. SMARTLY DESIGNED LIGHTING & ELECTRONIC SOLUTIONS.
2.
STEADY ON (100%) = PEAK
nFORCE™ LED Lightbar
Ignition ON
Ignition OFF
Ignition ON
Ignition OFF
TOP VIEW WITH COVERS ON
REAR
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Aluminum Base, polycarbonate
Material:
Roof Attachments: 1/4" bolt Stainless A2
Operating Temperature: -40º to +65º C
LENGTH # OF INBOARDS DIMENSIONS
24" 2
36" 4
outer lenses, ASA/PC top cover.
FRONT
TOP VIEW WITH COVERS OFF
REAR
FRONT
INBOARD LED MODULES
BOTTOM VIEW
REAR
CORNER MODULE
42" 5
48" 6
54" 7
60" 8
72" 10
POWER SPECIFICATIONS
Input Voltage Range:
Light Bar
Component
Standby Current
Reverse Polarity
Current Draw
(Average = Flashing)
0.010 Amps 0.002 Amps 0.13 Watts 0.03 Watts
10 -16 Vdc
Protected
12"D x 2.5"H
inboard
Power Consumption
(Watts)
Load Dump
Wiring
FRONT
Warning devices are strictly regulated and governed by Federal, State and Municipal ordinances. These devices shall be used ONLY on approved vehicles. It is the sole responsibility of the user of these devices to ensure compliance.
To review our Limited Warranty Statement & Return Policy for this or any SoundOff Signal product, visit our website at www.soundoffsignal.com/sales-support.
3.
If you have questions regarding this product, contact Technical Services, Monday - Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. at 1.800338.7337 (press #4 to skip the automated message).
SUPERIOR CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS. SMARTLY DESIGNED LIGHTING & ELECTRONIC SOLUTIONS.
Questions or comments that do not require immediate attention may be emailed to techservices@soundoffsigal.com.
Wire Exit Holes
IMPORTANT INFORMATION:
Power Cable 15ft 14 AWG Wires, (+) Red, (-) Black
Protected
Data Cable 25ft RJ-45 Type
nFORCE™ LED Lightbar
T-Slot Attachment x2 (1st slid into extrusion)
1.5° Wedge
Flat Washer
Lock Nut
Figure 2.
Rubber Pad
Metal Nut Bracket
Mounting Foot
Split Ring Lock Washer
Flat Washer
Figure 1.
Hook Bracket Bolt
Hook Bracket
1/4" - 1/2" Gap Required
Hook Bracket
Cover Door
#8-1/2" Truss Head
Sheetmetal screw
FIXED HEIGHT BRACKETS AND
HOOK MOUNTING
1. Keeping the lightbar level with the road, attach Mount­ing Feet to the roof of the vehicle using the 2 supplied T-Slot bolts. If the lightbar needs to be leveled, a 1.5° wedge has been provided.
2. Place lightbar centered on the roof, and hold brackets up to the lightbar. A 1/4" to 1/2" gap should be between the hook bracket and front wall of the mounting foot prior to putting any tension on the hook bracket bolt (See Fig­ure 3). Adjust the mounting foot position to accomodate for this gap.
3. Tighten hook bracket bolts with max torque 10in-lbs. DO NOT OVERTIGHTEN! Bar is secure once split lock washer has been compressed. Using holes in the hook bracket as a template, drill 4 holes in the roof us­ing the appropriate size drill. Secure hook bracket to roof with 4 screws on each side.
4. Install the cover door over the hook bracket bolt to fin­ish the assembly. Place tab of one side into place and then push the second tab into place with a flat-head screw driver.
WARNING
!
Route wires only in locations that are not subjected to
potential wear. Make sure to avoid routing wires in the
deployment area of your air bag. Refer to your vehicle’s
owner’s manual for airbag deployment zone.
Figure 3.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION:
Warning devices are strictly regulated and governed by Federal, State and Municipal ordinances. These devices shall be used ONLY on approved vehicles. It is the sole responsibility of the user of these devices to ensure compliance.
To review our Limited Warranty Statement & Return Policy for this or any SoundOff Signal product, visit our website at www.soundoffsignal.com/sales-support.
If you have questions regarding this product, contact Technical Services, Monday - Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. at 1.800338.7337 (press #4 to skip the automated message).
Questions or comments that do not require immediate attention may be emailed to techservices@soundoffsigal.com.
SUPERIOR CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS. SMARTLY DESIGNED LIGHTING & ELECTRONIC SOLUTIONS.
4.
nFORCE™ LED Lightbar
REAR
FRONT
Black 3/8" dia. foam gasket location - Cut to fit
Grey gasket location - Cut to fit
GASKET MOUNTING INSTRUCTIONS
1. Cut the Black 3/8" round diameter foam gasket to fit your lightbar
2. Install the Black 3/8" round diameter foam gasket in the back slotof the lightbar as shown above
3. Install the Grey gasket in the front slot of the lightbar as shown above
IMPORTANT INFORMATION:
Warning devices are strictly regulated and governed by Federal, State and Municipal ordinances. These devices shall be used ONLY on approved vehicles. It is the sole responsibility of the user of these devices to ensure compliance.
To review our Limited Warranty Statement & Return Policy for this or any SoundOff Signal product, visit our website at www.soundoffsignal.com/sales-support.
If you have questions regarding this product, contact Technical Services, Monday - Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. at 1.800338.7337 (press #4 to skip the automated message).
Questions or comments that do not require immediate attention may be emailed to techservices@soundoffsigal.com.
SUPERIOR CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS. SMARTLY DESIGNED LIGHTING & ELECTRONIC SOLUTIONS.
5.
nFORCE™ LED Lightbar
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
Featured Highlights & Terminology:
Mode Select: The nForce Lightbar is equipped with 2 selectable pattern configuration modes via the Mode Select Input. Default is Mode 1 where
the input is floating, Mode 2 is in use when the input activated. This feature allows 2 complete sets of patterns to be programmed into the Light­bar's non-volatile memory. Once programming configuration is complete, the Mode can be changed “on-the-fly” by an activation switch which applies voltage to the Mode 2 input wire.
Cruise Mode: Allows the user to program any light group(s) to “Glow” when this feature is activated. For dual / tri color bars, the color for each light group is selectable.
Directional Arrow Built-in: The directional controller is built-in w/ 6 arrow patterns for each of the 3 modes (left arrow, right arrow, and center out arrow) and the color is selectable for dual / tri color bars
Scene Light Mode: Allows the user to program any Light Head Group(s) to turn on steady when this feature is activated to provide additional scene lighting. The activation of this input also activates the Takedown function
Stop / Tail / Turn Mode: Allows the user to program any Light Head Group(s) to turn operate in 2 levels of intensity for tail and stop/turn func­tions.
Low Power Mode: Operates lighting at reduced intensity.
WARNING
!
ALL CUSTOMER SUPPLIED POWER WIRES CONNECTING TO THE POSITIVE (+) OR NEGATIVE (-) BATTERY
TERMINAL OR LOCAL CHASIS GROUND (-) MUST BE SIZED TO SUPPLY AT LEAST 125% OF THE MAXIMUM
CURRENT AND PROPERLY FUSED AT THE POWER SOURCE WITH APPROPIATELY RATED FUSE.
Power Cable:
1. Route lightbar power cables as close to vehicles power source (battery) as possible.
2. Install a maximum of 30Amp Fuse (customer supplied) to the end of the RED wire of the Lightbar Power Cable. a. Remove the fuse before connecting any wires to the battery. b. DO NOT USE CIRCUIT BREAKER OR FUSIBLE LINK.
3. Connect the other end of the Fuse to the POSITIVE (+) terminal of the battery. a. Do NOT use any more than 2ft of wire between the battery terminal and the fuse and ensure the wire is protected and secured from being cut into; this is non-fused wire.
4. Connect the BLACK wire to the factory chassis ground right next to the battery.
Control (Data) Cable:
1. Route Lightbar Control Cable to the location where all controlling equipment will be, i.e. switch box, center console area.
2. Locate the Breakout Box in the same area to connect jumpers from the switching equipment to the breakout box.
3. Refer to breakout box hookup table on page 9.
Initial Power up Test:
1. Plug RJ-45 power / data plug into ‘Lightbar’ connector on the breakout box.
2. Apply power to pink/white ignition wire on breakout box. See table 1 on page 9.
3. Observe the GREEN Data Link indicator LED on the Breakout Box; the Green LED will be ON showing power is connected.
4. The Red indicator LED on the breakout box will be steady ON whenever any of the input wires are active or data is received from a siren.
Low Power (Standby) Mode (reduced standby current)
If there is no input to the breakout box the lightbar will go into a “standby” mode. The standby mode is a low power mode that is used to extend the life of your battery. The lightbar will awaken from the standby mode if any input is activated on the breakout box.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION:
Warning devices are strictly regulated and governed by Federal, State and Municipal ordinances. These devices shall be used ONLY on approved vehicles. It is the sole responsibility of the user of these devices to ensure compliance.
To review our Limited Warranty Statement & Return Policy for this or any SoundOff Signal product, visit our website at www.soundoffsignal.com/sales-support.
If you have questions regarding this product, contact Technical Services, Monday - Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. at 1.800338.7337 (press #4 to skip the automated message).
Questions or comments that do not require immediate attention may be emailed to techservices@soundoffsigal.com.
SUPERIOR CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS. SMARTLY DESIGNED LIGHTING & ELECTRONIC SOLUTIONS.
6.
nFORCE™ LED Lightbar
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION (CONTINUED)
Warning Flash Pattern Configuration:
a. Apply voltage to Ignition Input Wire and then set Switch #2 on Breakout box to down position (Switch #1 must be in Up position) b. Apply voltage to the activation wire of the function which requires pattern to be changed (i.e. Front Corner, Takedown, Left Alley, etc.) c. Apply voltage to the Mode activation wire to configure mode 2 flash patterns, leave Mode activation wire floating to configure mode 1 flash patterns d. Momentarily apply voltage to the pattern select wire to change the warning flash pattern e. Set Switch #2 on Breakout box to up position to save settings and return light-bar to normal operating mode
NOTE: Takedown and Alley light patterns are limited to pattern #1 – 11
*fpm=Flashes per Minute **fps=Flashes per Second
# Name
1 Random Single #1
2 Random Single #2
3 Quint
4 Quad 2
5 Q-Switch
6 Double
7 Power Pulse
8 RoadRunner
9 SlowRunner
10 Warp
11 Inter-cycle
12 Warp 1, 2, 3
13 E-Single
14 E-Double
15 E-Triple
16 Random Dual #1
17 Random Dual #2
18 Quint Dual
19 Quad 2 Dual
20 Q-Switch Dual
21 Double Dual
22 Power Pulse
23 RoadRunner Dual
24 SlowRunner Dual
25 Warp Dual
26 Inter-cycle Dual
27 Warp 1, 2, 3, Dual
28 Dual Color Flash 1
29 Dual Color Flash 2
30 Impact
31 Explosion
32 Tri Color Flash 1
FLASH PATTERNS
SAE
Compliant
Timing
Yes
No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
No
No
No Yes Yes Yes Yes
No Yes Yes
No Yes Yes Yes Yes
No #1/2 Alternating 350 5.8
No #1/2 Alternating - -
No #1/2 Variable - -
No #1/2 Variable - -
No #1/2 Variable - -
No #1/2 Variable - -
No #1/2 Variable - -
No #1/2/3 Alternating - -
Color Sequence fpm fps
#1
#1
#1
#1
#1
#1
#1
#1
#1
#1
#1
#1
#1
#1
#1
#1/2
#1/2
#1/2
#1/2
#1/2
#1/2
#1/2
#1/2
#1/2
Variable - ­Variable - -
Alternating 70 1.2
Variable - -
Variable - ­Alternating 115 1.9 Alternating 180 3.0 Alternating 115 1.9 Alternating 70 1.2 Alternating 350 5.8 Alternating - -
Variable - ­Alternating 125 2.1 Alternating 125 2.1 Alternating 125 2.1
Variable - -
Variable - ­Alternating 70 1.2
Variable - -
Variable - ­Alternating 115 1.9 Alternating 180 3.0 Alternating 115 1.9 Alternating 70 1.2
# Name
1 Single Fast
2 Single Slow
3 Chaser Fast
4 Chaser Slow
5 Fill Fast
6 Fill Slow
ARROW PATTERNS
SAE
Compliant
Timing
No - - - ­No - - - ­No - - - ­No - - - ­No - - - ­No - - - -
Color Sequence fpm fps
IMPORTANT INFORMATION:
Warning devices are strictly regulated and governed by Federal, State and Municipal ordinances. These devices shall be used ONLY on approved vehicles. It is the sole responsibility of the user of these devices to ensure compliance.
To review our Limited Warranty Statement & Return Policy for this or any SoundOff Signal product, visit our website at www.soundoffsignal.com/sales-support.
If you have questions regarding this product, contact Technical Services, Monday - Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. at 1.800338.7337 (press #4 to skip the automated message).
Questions or comments that do not require immediate attention may be emailed to techservices@soundoffsigal.com.
SUPERIOR CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS. SMARTLY DESIGNED LIGHTING & ELECTRONIC SOLUTIONS.
7.
nFORCE™ LED Lightbar
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION (CONTINUED)
Arrow Flash Pattern Configuration:
a. Apply voltage to Ignition Input Wire and then set Switch #2 on Breakout box to down position (Switch #1 must be in Up position) b. Apply voltage to the Left Arrow activation wire to set Left Arrow pattern, apply voltage to Right Arrow activation wire to set Right Arrow pattern, apply voltage to Left Arrow and Right Arrow activation wires to set Center out Arrow pattern c. Momentarily apply voltage to the pattern select wire to change the arrow flash pattern d. Set Switch #2 on Breakout box to up position to save settings and return light-bar to normal operating mode
Arrow Color Configuration:
a. Apply voltage to Ignition Input Wire and then set Switch #2 on Breakout box to down position (Switch #1 must be in Up position) b. Determine which module inputs are needed for Arrow function c. Apply voltage to the Left Arrow or Right Arrow activation wires d. Apply voltage to the light group wire(s) required (i.e. Rear Inboard 1, Rear Inboard 2, etc.) e. Momentarily apply voltage to the pattern select wire to change the color between Off, Color 1, Color 2, and Color 3.
NOTE: If configuring a single color or dual color module, make sure the chosen color is configured for Off and not a color which does not exist on the module. The light-bar will flash color #1 of all modules configured for Arrow function. If a module flashes every 2 seconds and is not intended to be on when an Arrow function is activated, repeat steps ‘d’ and ‘e’ until module no longer flashes.
f. Set Switch #2 on Breakout box to up position to save settings and return light-bar to normal operating mode
Takedown and Work-light Configuration:
a. Apply voltage to Ignition Input Wire and then set Switch #2 on Breakout box to down (Switch #1 must be in Up position) b. Determine which module inputs are needed for Takedowns or Work-lights c. Apply voltage to the Takedown activation wire d. Apply voltage to the light group wire(s) required (i.e. Front Inboard 1, Rear Inboard 2, etc.) e. Momentarily apply voltage to the pattern select wire to change the color between Off, Color 1, Color 2, and Color 3.
NOTE: If configuring a single color or dual color module, make sure the chosen color is configured for Off and not a color which does not exist on the module. The light-bar will flash color #1 of all modules configured for takedown. If a module flashes every 2 seconds and is not intended to be on when takedown is activated, repeat steps ‘d’ and ‘e’ until module no longer flashes.
f. Set Switch #2 on Breakout box to up position to save settings and return light-bar to normal operating mode
Scene light Configuration:
a. Apply voltage to Ignition Input Wire and then set Switch #2 on Breakout box to down (Switch #1 must be in Up position) b. Determine which module inputs are needed for Scene Lighting c. Apply voltage to the Scene light activation wire d. Apply voltage to the light group wire(s) required (i.e. Front Inboard 1, Rear Inboard 2, etc.) e. Momentarily apply voltage to the pattern select wire to change the color between Off, Color 1, Color 2, and Color 3.
NOTE: If configuring a single color or dual color module, make sure the chosen color is configured for Off and not a color which does not exist on the module. The light-bar will flash color #1 of all modules configured for scene light. If a module flashes every 2 seconds and is not intended to be on when scene light function is activated, repeat steps ‘d’ and ‘e’ until module no longer flashes.
f. Set Switch #2 on Breakout box to up position to save settings and return light-bar to normal operating mode
IMPORTANT INFORMATION:
Warning devices are strictly regulated and governed by Federal, State and Municipal ordinances. These devices shall be used ONLY on approved vehicles. It is the sole responsibility of the user of these devices to ensure compliance.
To review our Limited Warranty Statement & Return Policy for this or any SoundOff Signal product, visit our website at www.soundoffsignal.com/sales-support.
If you have questions regarding this product, contact Technical Services, Monday - Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. at 1.800338.7337 (press #4 to skip the automated message).
Questions or comments that do not require immediate attention may be emailed to techservices@soundoffsigal.com.
SUPERIOR CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS. SMARTLY DESIGNED LIGHTING & ELECTRONIC SOLUTIONS.
8.
nFORCE™ LED Lightbar
Stop / Tail / Turn (STT) Light Configuration:
a. Apply voltage to Ignition Input Wire and then set Switch #2 on Breakout box to down position (Switch #1 must be in Up position) b. Determine which module inputs are needed for Stop / Tail / Turn Lights c. Apply voltage to the Left Turn or Right Turn activation wires d. Apply voltage to the light group wire(s) required (i.e. Rear Inboard 1, Rear Inboard 2, etc.) e. Momentarily apply voltage to the pattern select wire to change the color between Off, Color 1, Color 2, and Color 3.
NOTE: If configuring a single color or dual color module, make sure the chosen color is configured for Off and not a color which does not exist on the module. The light-bar will flash color #1 of all modules configured for STT function. If a module flashes every 2 seconds and is not intended to be on when an STT function is activated, repeat steps ‘d’ and ‘e’ until module no longer flashes.
f. Set Switch #2 on Breakout box to up position to save settings and return light-bar to normal operating mode
Cruise Mode Configuration:
a. Apply voltage to Ignition Input Wire and then set Switch #2 on Breakout box to down position (Switch #1 must be in Up position) b. Determine which module inputs are needed for cruise mode c. Apply voltage to the Cruise Mode activation wire d. Apply voltage to the light group wire(s) required (i.e. Front Corner, Front Inboard 1, etc.) e. Momentarily apply voltage to the pattern select wire to change the color between Off, Color 1, Color 2, and Color 3.
NOTE: If configuring a single color or dual color module, make sure the chosen color is configured for Off and not a color which does not exist on the module. The lightbar will flash color #1 of all modules configured for cruise mode. If a module flashes every 2 seconds and is not intended to be on when Cruise mode is activated, repeat steps ‘d’ and ‘e’ until module no longer flashes.
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION (CONTINUED)
f. Set Switch #2 on Breakout box to up position to save settings and return light-bar to normal operating mode
WARNING
IMPORTANT
WHEN PASSING CABLES THROUGH FIREWALL OR OTHER
SHEETMETAL, INSERT GROMMET TO PROTECT THE CABLE!
IMPORTANT INFORMATION:
Warning devices are strictly regulated and governed by Federal, State and Municipal ordinances. These devices shall be used ONLY on approved vehicles. It is the sole responsibility of the user of these devices to ensure compliance.
To review our Limited Warranty Statement & Return Policy for this or any SoundOff Signal product, visit our website at www.soundoffsignal.com/sales-support.
If you have questions regarding this product, contact Technical Services, Monday - Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. at 1.800338.7337 (press #4 to skip the automated message).
Questions or comments that do not require immediate attention may be emailed to techservices@soundoffsigal.com.
SUPERIOR CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS. SMARTLY DESIGNED LIGHTING & ELECTRONIC SOLUTIONS.
9.
!
Route wires only in locations that are not subjected to potential wear. Make sure to avoid routing wires in the deployment area of your air bag. Refer to your vehicle’s
owner’s manual for airbag deployment zone.
nFORCE™ LED Lightbar
30 Amp FUSE
(Customer Supplied)
GROUND
RED 14 GA.
BREAKOUT BOX HOOKUP:
a. Refer to Table 1 for Breakout Box input wire default functions b. Make sure the 24-pin connector and the RJ-45 connector are snapped in securely. c. Follow the label for the wire color to connect to a 12Vdc source, which turns on that given light or lights. d. Make sure your wire connections are secured and
RJ-45 CABLE
isolated from any other wire.
+12v
BLACK 14 GA.
GROUND
24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13
Ignition
12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Switch
Functional Inputs connect to your control head or switching unit. Applying +12Vdc to any functional Input will activate it's function (default-active high).
PIN#24 - Light Green/ White
PIN#23 - Red Black
PIN#22 - Orange/ White
PIN#21 - Yellow/ White
PIN#20 - Brown
PIN#19 - Red/ White
PIN#18 - Pink
PIN#17 - Red
PIN#16 - Orange
POWER CABLE
.
Connector Pinning Chart
Functional Inputs
PIN#15 - Yellow
PIN#14 - Green
PIN#13 - Blue
Siren
Lightbar
Switch #1
Switch #2
Green LED
Red LED
Red LED
Table 1.
Wire Pin # Wire Color Wire Function
1 Blue/White Rear Corners
2 Green/White Rear Inboard 1
3 Gray Mode Select
4 Black Cruise Mode
5 Light Green Scene Lighting
6 Brown/White Takedown Flash
7 Purple Low Power
8 White Pattern Select / Tail
9 Black/White Left Turn
10 Gray/White Arrow - Right
11 Purple/White Arrow – Left
12 Pink/White Ignition Input
13 Blue Front Corners
14 Green Front Inboard 1
15 Yellow Front Inboard 2
16 Orange Front Inboard 3
17 Red Alley Passenger
18 Pink Alley Driver
19 Red/White Alley Flash
20 Brown Takedown
21 Yellow/White Rear Inboard 2
22 Orange/White Rear Inboard 3
23 Red/Black Right Turn
24 Light Green/White Sync
USB CONNECTOR MINI TYPE B
Gray - PIN#3
Black - PIN#4
Purple - PIN#7
White - PIN#8
Pink/ White - PIN#12
Black/ White - PIN#9
Gray/ White - PIN#10
Purple/ White - PIN#11
Warning devices are strictly regulated and governed by Federal, State and Municipal ordinances. These devices shall be used ONLY on approved vehicles. It is the sole responsibility of the user of these devices to ensure compliance.
To review our Limited Warranty Statement & Return Policy for this or any SoundOff Signal product, visit our website at www.soundoffsignal.com/sales-support.
If you have questions regarding this product, contact Technical Services, Monday - Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. at 1.800338.7337 (press #4 to skip the automated message).
SUPERIOR CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS. SMARTLY DESIGNED LIGHTING & ELECTRONIC SOLUTIONS.
10.
Light Green - PIN#5
Brown/ White - PIN#6
Questions or comments that do not require immediate attention may be emailed to techservices@soundoffsigal.com.
Blue/ White - PIN#1
Green White - PIN#2
IMPORTANT INFORMATION:
nFORCE™ LED Lightbar
LIGHT MODULE WIRE HARNESS LOCATIONS
3 Wire Harness to Power Distribution PCB
3 Wire Harness to Power Distribution PCB
12" Inboard Tub
Front
Rear
6" Inboard Tub
Front
Driver Side End Tub
Front
3 Wire Harness to Power Distribution PCB
Rear
Passenger Side End Tub
Front
3 Wire Harness to Power Distribution PCB
Rear
Rear
REPLACEMENT OF INBOARD AND CORNER MODULES:
1. Disconnect main power.
2. Remove top cover by removing screws.
3. Locate module. If it has a bracket, remove the screw (if no bracket skip this step).
4. Push down on black tab to un-clip the module.
5. Remove connector from rear of module by carefully pulling connector body from back of module.
6. Push module connector into replacement module ensuring locking latch is seated properly or connector is fully seated.
7. Replace screw if the module has a bracket (if no bracket skip this step).
8. Restore power to bar and test new module to ensure functionality.
9. Replace top cover of bar with screws removed in step 2.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION:
Warning devices are strictly regulated and governed by Federal, State and Municipal ordinances. These devices shall be used ONLY on approved vehicles. It is the sole responsibility of the user of these devices to ensure compliance.
To review our Limited Warranty Statement & Return Policy for this or any SoundOff Signal product, visit our website at www.soundoffsignal.com/sales-support.
If you have questions regarding this product, contact Technical Services, Monday - Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. at 1.800338.7337 (press #4 to skip the automated message).
Questions or comments that do not require immediate attention may be emailed to techservices@soundoffsigal.com.
SUPERIOR CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS. SMARTLY DESIGNED LIGHTING & ELECTRONIC SOLUTIONS.
11.
nFORCE™ LED Lightbar
Driver Module Replacement:
a. Verify power has been removed from lightbar before attempting service b. Remove top cover c. Unplug 3 pin power/data connector and LED module connectors from driver module assembly, noting location. d. Remove driver module e. Snap new driver module assembly into housing f. Plug 3 pin power/data connector and LED module connectors into driver module assembly g. Set DIP switch according to lightbar length and driver module location as shown below: h. Apply power to lightbar and verify proper operation. i. Set Switch #2 on Breakout Box to Down position then to Up position to store configuration into new driver module j. Verify DIP switch settings if lightbar does not function properly, and repeat step ‘i’ if DIP switch setting is changed
*Power Distribution Assembly Location
*
*
*
*
*
*
IMPORTANT INFORMATION:
Warning devices are strictly regulated and governed by Federal, State and Municipal ordinances. These devices shall be used ONLY on approved vehicles. It is the sole responsibility of the user of these devices to ensure compliance.
To review our Limited Warranty Statement & Return Policy for this or any SoundOff Signal product, visit our website at www.soundoffsignal.com/sales-support.
If you have questions regarding this product, contact Technical Services, Monday - Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. at 1.800338.7337 (press #4 to skip the automated message).
Questions or comments that do not require immediate attention may be emailed to techservices@soundoffsigal.com.
SUPERIOR CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS. SMARTLY DESIGNED LIGHTING & ELECTRONIC SOLUTIONS.
12.
nFORCE™ LED Lightbar
Setting Light-bar Length: (Length comes preset from factory)
** NOTE: Entering this configuration mode, will reset the light-bar to factory defaults
a. Set Switch #1 and Switch #2 on Breakout box to down position b. Momentarily apply voltage to pattern select wire to change the length of the light-bar configuration a. 24” Red LED OFF, Green LED OFF b. 36” Red LED OFF, Green LED Flashes 1 Time c. 42” Red LED OFF, Green LED Flashes 2 Times d. 48” Red LED OFF, Green LED Flashes 3 Times e. 54” Red LED ON, Green LED OFF f. 60” Red LED ON, Green LED Flashes 1 Time g. 72” Red LED ON, Green LED Flashes 2 Times c. Repeat step ‘b’ until correct light-bar length is selected d. Set Switch #1 and Switch #2 on Breakout box to Up position to store light-bar length
NOTE: For settings above, Switch #2 does not need to be moved to the up position after each configuration. The switch can re­main in the down position until the lightbar is completely configured and then moved to the Up position to store all the settings.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION:
Warning devices are strictly regulated and governed by Federal, State and Municipal ordinances. These devices shall be used ONLY on approved vehicles. It is the sole responsibility of the user of these devices to ensure compliance.
To review our Limited Warranty Statement & Return Policy for this or any SoundOff Signal product, visit our website at www.soundoffsignal.com/sales-support.
If you have questions regarding this product, contact Technical Services, Monday - Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. at 1.800338.7337 (press #4 to skip the automated message).
Questions or comments that do not require immediate attention may be emailed to techservices@soundoffsigal.com.
SUPERIOR CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS. SMARTLY DESIGNED LIGHTING & ELECTRONIC SOLUTIONS.
13.
nFORCE™ LED Lightbar
nForce TROUBLESHOOTING
NORMAL OPERATION
Under Normal operation with lightbar turned ON, the breakout box will have the Green LED flash approx every 5 seconds and the Red LED light will be on steady whenever an input is active and both switches will be in the UP (off) position. Each driver module inside the lightbar has a fused circuit from the power distribution module. The LED on the driver module will flash whenever there is an active function selected on the breakout box.
NO OPERATION
No Green LED flashing on Breakout box; Check input power and ground to lightbar, check data cable for damage and/or opens.
Check Ignition Input wire and verify a minimum of 10.0 Volts is present on the wire
Defective power distribution assembly – replace.
NO or INCORRECT INBOARDS or CORNERS LIGHTS (WARNING)
Breakout box LED’s operating correctly; Check DIP switches on driver modules in lightbar. Verify they are all set correctly
No steady Red LED on breakout box; Check 24-pin connector at breakout box (insure it is snapped in correctly), check appropriate input to breakout box for output lights which should be on. Verify voltage is present at the wire input to the breakout box for the function being tested
NO TAKEDOWNS LIGHTS
Breakout box LED’s operating correctly; Verify configuration and make sure light modules are configured for takedown function
No steady Red LED on breakout box; Check 24-pin connector at breakout box (insure it is snapped in correctly), check appropriate input to breakout box for output lights which should be on
NO LIGHT OPERATION IN ONLY 1 TUB
Breakout box LED’s operating correctly; Remove top cover of tub in which lights are not functioning. Verify DIP switch is set correctly.
Check LED on Driver Module PCB is flashing when power is applied to any input wire on breakout box. If there is no LED illumination check for voltage across Red and Black power input wires to driver module. If voltage is present, replace driver module. If voltage is not present, locate the power distribution PCB (possibly in different tub) and verify fuse is not blown open. If fuse is blown, check for shorts in cabling replace any damaged cables and replace fuse. If fuse blows again, replace defective driver module assembly.
INCORRECT OR NO ARROW OPERATION
Breakout box LED’s operating correctly; Verify configuration and make sure light modules are configured for arrow function
Verify lightbar length is properly set – note that entering mode will reset lightbar to factory
defaults.
No steady Red LED on breakout box; Check 24-pin connector at breakout box (insure it is snapped in correctly), check appropriate input to breakout box for output lights which should be on.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION:
Warning devices are strictly regulated and governed by Federal, State and Municipal ordinances. These devices shall be used ONLY on approved vehicles. It is the sole responsibility of the user of these devices to ensure compliance.
To review our Limited Warranty Statement & Return Policy for this or any SoundOff Signal product, visit our website at www.soundoffsignal.com/sales-support.
If you have questions regarding this product, contact Technical Services, Monday - Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. at 1.800338.7337 (press #4 to skip the automated message).
Questions or comments that do not require immediate attention may be emailed to techservices@soundoffsigal.com.
SUPERIOR CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS. SMARTLY DESIGNED LIGHTING & ELECTRONIC SOLUTIONS.
14.
nFORCE™ LED Lightbar
Connection of Lightbar Breakout Box to SoundOff Signal Siren:
Note: Requires PC configuration app to map siren control switches to lightbar functions
Plug 1 end of RJ-45 cable to available jack on siren amplifier Plug other end of RJ-45 cable to ‘siren’
ETSA380R or ETSA385HR
4" RJ-45 Jumper Cable
ETSA481CSR or ETSA482CSR
Breakout Box
Lightbar
CN6
Breakout Box
CN2
Lightbar
ETSA481RSP, ETSA482RSP, ETSA461HPP, ETSA462HPP
CN8
CN5
Siren Controller
RJ-45 Splitter (user supplied)
CN3
Breakout Box
Lightbar
IMPORTANT INFORMATION:
Warning devices are strictly regulated and governed by Federal, State and Municipal ordinances. These devices shall be used ONLY on approved vehicles. It is the sole responsibility of the user of these devices to ensure compliance.
To review our Limited Warranty Statement & Return Policy for this or any SoundOff Signal product, visit our website at www.soundoffsignal.com/sales-support.
If you have questions regarding this product, contact Technical Services, Monday - Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. at 1.800338.7337 (press #4 to skip the automated message).
Questions or comments that do not require immediate attention may be emailed to techservices@soundoffsigal.com.
SUPERIOR CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS. SMARTLY DESIGNED LIGHTING & ELECTRONIC SOLUTIONS.
15.
3
nFORCE™ LED Lightbar
REPLACEMENT PARTS & ACCESSORIES
ITEM
#
3 PNFLBTCSKT1 TOP COVER SCREW KIT
PART# DESCRIPTION
PNFLBK00 STANDARD FIXED HEIGHT MOUNT
PNFLBF00 FIXED HEIGHT PERMANENT MOUNT
PNFLBK02 HEADACHE RACK MOUNT
PETLF00 FIXED HEIGHT PERMANENT MOUNT KIT
PNFLBK03 MAGNETIC MOUNT FOOT KIT (24" ONLY)
PNFLBK04
PNFLBK05
PNFLBF(xx) HOOK BRACKET KITS
PNFLBJ00 BREAKOUT BOX
PNFLBHNDT1 BREAKOUT BOX DATA CABLE
PNFLBHNPW1 POWER HARNESS
PNFLBHNDS(xx) DISTRIBUTION HARNESSES
PNFLBHNMD(x) MODULE HARNESSES
PNFLBHNAL1 ALLEY HARNESS
PNFLBWMKT1 WIRE MANAGEMENT KIT
PNFLBWGKT1 WEDGE KIT
PNFLBHPKT1 HOLE PLUG KIT
PNFLBFTCV1
PNFLBDRV(x) DRIVER BOARDS
STANDARD FIX HEIGHT MOUNT
48" TAHOE
STANDARD FIX HEIGHT MOUNT
54" TAHOE
STANDARD FIXED HEIGHTT FOOT CAP
REPLACEMENT
1
6
9
4
5
8
7
2
ITEM
#
1 PNFLBTT(xx)LGY TOP COVERS - GRAY GELOY
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5 PNFLBLS106(x) 6 LED INBOARD MODULES
5 PNFLBLS109(x) 9 LED INBOARD MODULES
5 PNFLBLD112(x) 12 LED DUAL INBOARD MODULES
5 PNFLBLT118(xxx) 18 LED TRI INBOARD MODULES
6 PNFLBHS106W TAKEDOWN/WORKLIGHT MODULE - DUAL
9 PNFLBRFTD1 TD/WL REFLECTOR
8 PNFLBRFL845 INBOARD REFLECTOR
PART# DESCRIPTION
PNFLBDST(x) DISTRIBUTION BOARDS
PNFLBTB(xx)LC BOTTOM LENSES - CLEAR LEXAN
PNFLBCSS112(x) 12 LED CORNER MODULES - SMALL
PNFLBCSS118(x) 18 LED CORNER MODULES - SMALL
PNFLBCSD124(x) 24 LED DUAL CORNER MODULES - SMALL
PNFLBCST130(xxx) 30 LED TRI CORNER MODULES - SMALL
PNFLBCLS112(x-x) 12 LED CORNER MODULES - LARGE NO ALLEY
PNFLBCLS118(x)-Z 18 LED CORNER MODULES - LARGE NO ALLEY
PNFLBCLD124(x)-Z 24 LED DUAL CORNER MODULES - LARGE NO ALLEY
PNFLBCLT130(xxx)-Z 30 LED TRI CORNER MODULES - LARGE NO ALLEY
PNFLBCLS112(x)-W 12 LED CORNER MODULES - LARGE WITH ALLEY
PNFLBCLS118(x)-W 18 LED CORNER MODULES - LARGE WITH ALLEY
PNFLBCLD124(x)-W 24 LED DUAL CORNER MODULES - LARGE WITH ALLEY
PNFLBCLT130(xxx)-W 30 LED TRI CORNER MODULES - LARGE WITH ALLEY
IMPORTANT INFORMATION:
Warning devices are strictly regulated and governed by Federal, State and Municipal ordinances. These devices shall be used ONLY on approved vehicles. It is the sole responsibility of the user of these devices to ensure compliance.
To review our Limited Warranty Statement & Return Policy for this or any SoundOff Signal product, visit our website at www.soundoffsignal.com/sales-support.
If you have questions regarding this product, contact Technical Services, Monday - Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. at 1.800338.7337 (press #4 to skip the automated message).
Questions or comments that do not require immediate attention may be emailed to techservices@soundoffsigal.com.
SUPERIOR CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS. SMARTLY DESIGNED LIGHTING & ELECTRONIC SOLUTIONS.
16.
nFORCE™ LED Lightbar
WARRANTY & RETURN GOODS PROCEDURE
CLEANING & CARE OF YOUR LIGHTBAR:
Keeping the lenses clean and scratch free will optimize the performance of the lightbar. The exterior of the lightbar including lenses should be cleaned with mild soapy water and a soft cotton cloth to remove dirt, grime and insects. Never use window cleaners or harsh chemicals on the lenses; this may cause failure of the lenses or reduce clarity resulting in the reduction of light output.
MOUNTING INTEGRITY:
A review of bolt/hardware/mounting bracket integrity should be performed at the beginning and end of each shift.
WARNING MESSAGES - PLEASE READ:
WARNING - DRILLING ANY HOLES INTO THE LIGHTBAR IS NOT RECOMMENDED! THE RISK OF DAMAGING INTERNAL COMPONENTS AND THE RESULTING FAILURE OF THE LIGHTBAR WILL VOID ANY WARRANTY OF THIS PRODUCT.
WARNING - CARE MUST BE TAKEN WHEN DRILLING THROUGH THE ROOF OF THE VEHICLE NOT TO DRILL INTO ANY EXISTING WIRING AND NOT TO DRILL THROUGH THE HEADLINER OR SUPPORT MEMBERS OF THE VEHICLE. CHECK BOTH SIDES OF THE MOUNTING SERVICE PRIOR TO DRILLING. DE-BURR ANY HOLES AND REMOVE ANY METAL SHARDS OR REMNANTS. INSTALL GROMMETS INTO ALL WIRE PASSAGE HOLES.
WARNING - ROUTE WIRES ONLY IN LOCATIONS THAT ARE NOT SUBJECTED TO POTENTIAL WEAR. MAKE SURE TO AVOID ROUTING WIRES IN THE DEPLOYMENT AREA OF YOUR AIR BAG. REFER TO YOUR VEHICLE OWNER’S MANUAL FOR AIR BAG DEPLOYMENT ZONES.
WARNING - ALL CUSTOMER SUPPLIED POWER WIRES CONNECTING TO THE POSITIVE (+) OR NEGATIVE (-) BATTERY TERMINAL OR LOCAL CHASSIS GROUND (-) MUST BE SIZED TO SUPPLY AT LEAST 125% OF THE MAXIMUM CURRENT AND PROPERLY FUSED AT THE POWER SOURCE WITH APPROPRIATELY RATED FUSE.
IMPORTANT: When passing cables through fire wall or other sheet metal, insert grommet to protect the cable!
WARRANTY RETURN PROCESS:
Please contact your SoundOff Signal Sales Representative, Customer Services staff or our Technical Department (800.338.7337) for a RMA #, Return Merchandise Authorization Number.
The following information is required for issuance of the RMA #:
• Reason for returning the product*
• Address where replacement product is to be shipped*
• Telephone number where you may be reached*
• SoundOff Signal invoice number on which product was purchased**
• SoundOff Signal part number and serial number**
• E-mail address where RMA # should be e-mailed**
• Fax number where RMA # should be faxed**
* RMA # will not be given without this information. ** If available, please provide this information.
SoundOff Signal will NOT accept returns without an RMA #. Each RMA # is good for only one (1) return and will expire (10) days after the date it was issued. Products must be shipped back to SoundOff Signal and the RMA # clearly marked on the outside of the package near the shipping label. Please use the following address on your shipping label:
SoundOff Signal ATTN: RMA # / Technical Services 3900 Central Parkway Hudsonville, MI 49426
WARRANTY EXCLUSIONS:
Shipping & Handling, labor and service fees are non-refundable. SoundOff Signal is not liable for any damage due to installation or personal injury as a result of using SoundOff Signal product.
WARRANTY FORFEITURE:
Warranty will not be granted if the Warranty Return Policy & Procedure rules are not strictly followed. Physical damage resulting from customer abuse will void warranty. Warranty will also be voided if any SoundOff Signal and/ or manufacturer serial tags, product stickers, seals, or the like, are removed, altered or tampered with. Returned product that is damaged by shipping via the RMA # procedure is not the responsibility of SoundOff Signal.
Document effective date on cover and below supersedes previously dated policies and statements.
There are no other warranties, expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, any implied merchantability or fitness for a particular use. SoundOff Signal reserves the right to modify this warranty statement at any time; or to discontinue, modify, or upgrade any products of its manufacture with design improvements without prior notice.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION:
Warning devices are strictly regulated and governed by Federal, State and Municipal ordinances. These devices shall be used ONLY on approved vehicles. It is the sole responsibility of the user of these devices to ensure compliance.
To review our Limited Warranty Statement & Return Policy for this or any SoundOff Signal product, visit our website at www.soundoffsignal.com/sales-support.
If you have questions regarding this product, contact Technical Services, Monday - Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. at 1.800338.7337 (press #4 to skip the automated message).
Questions or comments that do not require immediate attention may be emailed to techservices@soundoffsigal.com.
SUPERIOR CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS. SMARTLY DESIGNED LIGHTING & ELECTRONIC SOLUTIONS.
17.
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