4-8-8 Nakameguro, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 153-8644, Japan
VERTEX STANDARD
US Headquarters
10900 Walker Street, Cypress, CA 90630, U.S.A.
YAESU EUROPE B.V.
P.O. Box 75525, 1118 ZN Schiphol, The Netherlands
YAESU UK LTD.
Unit 12, Sun Valley Business Park, Winnall Close
Winchester, Hampshire, SO23 0LB, U.K.
VERTEX STANDARD HK LTD.
Unit 5, 20/F., Seaview Centre, 139-141 Hoi Bun Road,
Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
VX-160VVX-180V
Introduction
This manual provides technical information necessary for servicing the VX-160V and VX-180V FM Trans-
ceiver.
Servicing this equipment requires expertise in handling surface-mount chip components. Attempts by nonqualified persons to service this equipment may result in permanent damage not covered by the warranty,
and may be illegal in some countries.
Two PCB layout diagrams are provided for each double-sided circuit board in the transceiver. Each side of
is referred to by the type of the majority of components installed on that side (“leaded” or “chip-only”). In
most cases one side has only chip components, and the other has either a mixture of both chip and leaded
components (trimmers, coils, electrolytic capacitors, ICs, etc.), or leaded components only.
While we believe the technical information in this manual to be correct, VERTEX STANDARD assumes no
liability for damage that may occur as a result of typographical or other errors that may be present. Your
cooperation in pointing out any inconsistencies in the technical information would be appreciated.
MAIN Unit................................................................ 17
Schematics, Layouts & Parts
)
1
Operating Manual Reprint
Controls & ConnectorsControls & Connectors
Controls & Connectors
Controls & ConnectorsControls & Connectors
LED Indicator
Glows GreenMonitor on
Blinking Green Busy Channel (or SQL off)
Glows RedTransmitting
Blinking RedBattery Voltage is low
Blinking Yellow Receiving a Selective Call
U To install the battery, hold the transceiver with your
left hand, so your palm is over the speaker and your
thumb is on the top of the belt clip. Insert the battery
pack into the battery compartment on the back of the
radio while tilting the Belt Clip outward, then close
the Battery Pack Latch until it locks in place with a
“Click.”
)
U To remove the battery, turn the radio off and remove
any protective cases. Open the Battery Pack latch on
the bottom of the radio, then slide the battery downward and out from the radio while holding the Belt
Clip.
Caution!
Do not attempt to open any of the rechargeable NiCd packs, as they could explode if accidentally shortcircuited.
This indicator confirms that
D
UAL WATCH is active.
This icon is the “Low Battery” indicator, which appears when the
battery voltage becomes too low
for proper operation.
This indicator confirms that
DUAL 2-TONE DECODE is active.
This indicator confirms that
this channel will be skipped
during scan.
8 Character Alpha-numeric
Invertible Display
Low Battery Indication
U As the battery discharges during use, the voltage gradu-
ally becomes lower. When the battery voltage becomes
to low, substitute a freshly charged battery and recharge
the depleted pack. The TX/BUSY indicator on the top
of the radio will blink red (on the VX-180, the “
icon will appear on the LCD) when the battery voltage
is low.
U Avoid recharging Ni-Cd batteries often with little use
between charges, as this can degrade the charge capacity. We recommend that you carry an extra, fullycharged pack with you so the operational battery may
be used until depletion (this “deep cycling” technique
promotes better long-term battery capacity).
”
2
OperationOperation
Operation
OperationOperation
Operating Manual Reprint
Preliminary Steps
U Install a charged battery pack onto the transceiver, as
described previously.
U Screw the supplied antenna onto the Antenna jack.
Never attempt to operate this transceiver without an
antenna connected.
U If you have a Speaker/Microphone, we recommend that
it not be connected until you are familiar with the ba-
sic operation of the VX-160/-180.
Operation Quick Start
U Turn the top panel’s VOL/
PWR knob clockwise to turn
on the radio on.
U Turn the top panel’s CH selec-
tor knob to choose the desired
operating channel.
U Rotate the VOL/PWR knob to
set the volume level. If no sig-
nal is present, press and hold
in the MONITOR key (the
lower button on the left side)
for more than 1 seconds; back-
ground noise will now be heard, and you may use this
to set the VOL/PWR knob for the desired audio level.
U Press and hold in the MONI-
TOR key for more than 1 sec-
onds (or press the MONITOR
key twice) to quiet the noise
and resume normal (quiet)
monitoring.
U To transmit, press and hold in
the PTT switch. Speak into the
microphone area of the front
panel grille (lower left-hand
corner) in a normal voice level.
To return to the Receive mode,
release the PTT switch.
U If a Speaker/Microphone is available, remove the plas-
tic cap and its two mounting screws from the right side
of the transceiver, then insert the plug from the Speaker/
Microphone into the MIC/SP jack; secure the plug using the screws supplied with the Speaker/Microphone.
Hold the speaker grille up next to your ear while receiving. To transmit, press the PTT switch on the
Speaker/Microphone, just as you would on the main
transceiver’s body.
Note: Save the original plastic cap and its mounting
screws. They should be re-installed when not using the Speaker/Microphone.
Key FunctionsKey Functions
Key Functions
Key FunctionsKey Functions
The VX-180 provides programmable [A], [B], and [C]
function keys, and both the VX-160 and VX-180 provide
programmable MONITOR keys. These “Soft” keys functions can be customized (set to other functions), via programming by your VERTEX STANDARD dealer, to meet
your communications/network requirements. Some features may require the purchase and installation of optional
internal accessories. The possible Soft key programming
features are illustrated at the right, and their functions are
explained in the next chapter. For further details, contact
your VERTEX STANDARD dealer.
For future reference, check the box next to each function
that has been assigned to the Soft key on your particular
radio, and keep it handy.
Function
None
Monitor
Low Power
Lock*
Lamp*
Channel Up*
Channel Down*
Scan
Follow-me Scan
Dual Watch
Talk Around
Add/Del*
Call/Reset
Speed Dial
TX Save Off
Soft Key
[A][B][C]
MONITOR key
3
Operating Manual Reprint
Description of Operating FunctionsDescription of Operating Functions
Description of Operating Functions
Description of Operating FunctionsDescription of Operating Functions
Monitor
Press the assigned Soft key momentarily to override (disable) the Tone squelch.
Background noise or incoming signals will now be heard
whether or not a matching tone is present on the signal).
Press and hold in the assigned Soft key for more than 1
seconds to override both the Noise and Tone squelch. Again
press and hold in the assigned Soft key for more than 1
seconds (or press the assigned Soft key twice) to resume
normal (quiet) Noise and Tone squelch action.
Low Power
Press the assigned Soft key to set the radio's transmitter
to the “Low Power” mode, thus extending battery life.
Press the assigned Soft key again to return to “High
Power” operation when in difficult terrain.
Lock
Press the assigned Soft key to lock the Soft keys (exceptLock and Monitor key); thus, the [A], [B], [C], and MONI-
TOR keys can be disabled to prevent radio settings from
being disturbed.
Lamp
Press the assigned Soft key to illuminate the LCD for
five seconds.
Channel Up
Press the assigned Soft key to switch to a higher operating channel number.
Channel Down
Press the assigned Soft key to switch to a lower operating
channel number.
Scan
The Scanning feature is used to monitor multiple channels programmed into the transceiver. While scanning, the
radio will check each channel for the presence of a signal,
and will stop on a channel if a signal is present.
U To activate scanning:
Press the assigned Soft key.
The scanner will search the channels, looking for active ones; it will pause each time it finds a channel on
which someone is speaking.
U To stop scanning:
Press the assigned Soft key.
Operation will revert to the channel to which the CH
knob is set.
Follow-Me Scan
“Follow-Me” Scan feature checks a User-assigned Priority Channel regularly as you scan the other channels. Thus,
if only Channels 1, 3, and 5 (of the 8 available channels)
are designated for “Scanning,” the user may nonetheless
assign Channel as the “User-assigned” Priority Channel
via the “Follow-Me” feature.
Press the assigned Soft key to activate “Follow-Me” scanning, then turn the CH selector knob to the channel which
you want to designate as the “User-Assigned Priority Channel”. When the scanner stops on an “active” channel, the
User-assigned Priority Channel will automatically be
checked every few seconds.
Dual Watch
The Dual Watch feature is similar to the Scan feature, except that only two channels are monitored: the current
operating channel, and the “Priority” channel.
U To activate Dual Watch:
Press the assigned Soft key.
The scanner will search the two channels; it will pause
each time it finds a channel on which someone is speaking.
U To stop Dual Watch:
Press the assigned Soft key.
Operation will revert to the channel to which the CH
knob is set.
Talk Around
Press the assigned Soft to activate the Talk Around feature when you are operating on duplex channel systems
(separate receive and transmit frequencies, utilizing a “repeater” station). The Talk Around feature allows you to
bypass the repeater station and talk directly to a station
that is nearby. This feature has no effect when you are
operating on “Simplex” channels, where the receive and
transmit frequencies are already the same.
Note that your dealer may have made provision for “Talk
Around” channels by programming “repeater” and “Talk
Around” frequencies on two adjacent channels. If so, the
key may be used for one of the other Pre-Programmed
Functions.
Add/Del
The Add/Del feature allows the user to arrange a custom
Scan.
Press the assigned Soft key to delete/restore the current
channel to/from your scanning list.
When you delete a current channel, “SKIP” will appear
on the LCD after pressing the Soft key. When you restore a current channel, “SKIP” indicator on the LCD will
turn off.
4
Operating Manual Reprint
Description of Operating FunctionsDescription of Operating Functions
Description of Operating Functions
Description of Operating FunctionsDescription of Operating Functions
Call/Reset
When the 2-tone selective calling unit is installed, press
the assigned Soft key to silence the receiver and reset for
another call, when a communication is finished.
Speed Dial
Your Dealer may have pre-programmed Auto-Dial telephone number memories into your radio.
To dial a number, just press the Dealer-assigned Soft key
for Speed Dialing. The DTMF tones sent during the dialing sequence will be heard in the speaker.
Accessories & OptionsAccessories & Options
Accessories & Options
Accessories & OptionsAccessories & Options
FNB-647.2 V 700 mAh Ni-Cd Battery
FNB-V577.2 V 1100 mAh Ni-Cd Battery
FBA-25AAlkaline Battery Case
NC-77B120 VAC Overnight Desktop Charger
NC-77C230-240 VAC Overnight Desktop Charger
VAC-800Desktop Rapid Charger
VAC-68006-unit Multi Charger
MH-45
MH-37
VC-25VOX Headset
VCM-1Mobile Mounting Bracket (for VAC-800)
LCC-160/S Leather Case (for VX-160)
LCC-180/S Leather Case (for VX-180)
CT-42PC Programming Cable
CT-27Radio to Radio Programming Cable
CE44Programming Software
B4B
Speaker/Microphone
A4B
Earpiece Microphone
TX Save Off
Press the assigned Soft key to disable the Transmit Battery Saver, if you are operating in a location where high
power is almost always needed.
The Transmit Battery Saver helps extend battery life by
reducing transmit power when a very strong signal from
an apparently nearby station is being received. Under some
circumstances, though, your hand-held radio may not be
heard well at the other end of the communication path,
and high power may be necessary at all times.
5
Cloning
The VX-160/-180 includes a convenient Cloning feature, which allows the programming data from one transceiver to
be transferred to another VX-160/-180. Here is the procedure for Cloning one radio's data to another.
1. Turn both transceivers off.
2. Remove the plastic cap and its two mounting screws
from the MIC/SP jack on the right side of the transceiver. Do this for both transceivers.
3. Connect the optional CT-27 cloning cable between the
MIC/SP jacks of the two transceivers.
4. Press and hold in the PTT and MONITOR switches
(just below the PTT switch) while turning the transceiver on. Do this for both transceivers (the order of
the switch-on does not matter). “
on the displays (for the VX-180) of both transceivers
when Clone mode is successfully activated in this step;
in the case of the VX-160, no change will be observed
at this point.
5. On the Destination transceiver, press the MONITOR
switch. “
180; for VX-160, the TX/BUSY indicator on the top
of the radio will glow Green).
LOADINGLOADING
LOADING” will appear on the LCD (for VX-
LOADINGLOADING
CLONECLONE
CLONE” will appear
CLONECLONE
6. Press the PTT switch on the source transceiver; “
INGING
ING” will appear on the Source transceiver (for VX-
INGING
180; for VX-160, the TX/BUSY indicator on the top
of the radio will glow Red), and the data will be transferred.
7. If there is a problem during the cloning process, “
RORROR
ROR” will appear on the LCD (for VX-180; for VX-
RORROR
160, the TX/BUSY indicator on the top of the radio
will blink Red); check your cable connections and battery voltage, and try again.
8. If the data transfer is successful, the display will return
CLONECLONE
to “
CLONE” (for VX-180; for VX-160, the TX/BUSY
CLONECLONE
indicator on the top of the radio will turn off). Turn
both transceivers off and disconnect the CT-27 cable.
You can then turn the transceivers back on, and begin
normal operation.
9. Replace the plastic cap and its two mounting screws.
SEND-SEND-
SEND-
SEND-SEND-
ER-ER-
ER-
ER-ER-
Optional Cloning Cable CT-27
6
Specifications
GENERAL Specifications
Frequency Range (MHz):134 - 160 (TYP A)
146 - 174 (TYP C)
142 - 176 (TYP CS1)
Number of Channels:16 channels
Channel Spacing:12.5 / 25 kHz (15 / 30 kHz)
PLL Steps2.5 / 6.25 kHz
Power Supply voltage:7.5 VDC ± 20%
Operating Temperature Range: –22°F to +140°F (–30°C to +60°C)
Frequency Stability:±2.5 ppm
Dimensions (WHD):2.3" (W) x 4.7" (H) x 1.2" (D) (58 x 120 x 31 mm)
Weight (approx.):0.81 lb. (365 g) w/FNB-64
RECEIVER Specifications (Measurements made per EIA standard TIA/EIA-603)
Sensitivity
EIA 12 dB SINAD :0.20 µV
20 dB Quieting :0.30 µV
Adjacent channel selectivity:65 dB (25 kHz) / 60 dB (12.5 kHz)
Intermodulation:65 dB
Spurious and Image Rejection: 65 dB
Hum & Noise45 dB
Audio output:500 mW @4 Ohms, 5% THD
TRANSMITTER Specifications (Measurements made per EIA standard TIA/EIA-603)
Power output:5.0 / 1.0 W
Modulation:16K0F3E, 11K0F3E
Conducted Spurious Emissions: 60 dB Below Carrier
FM Hum & Noise:40 dB (25 kHz) / 35 dB (12.5 kHz)
Audio distortion (@ 1 kHz):< 5 %
Measurements per EIA standards unless noted above. Specifications subject to change without notice or obligation.
7
Exploded View & Miscellaneous Parts
RA0173500
CAP
R6147510
RING NUT (x 2 pcs)
RA0296100
VOLUME KNOB
RA029620A (Lot. 3~)
RA0296200 (Lot. 1~2)
KNOB (CH)
RA0351700
TERMINAL PLATE (+)
RA010340B (Lot. 28~)
RA010340A (Lot. 1~27)
TERMINAL HOLDER
RA0351600
TERMINAL PLATE (-)
RA0210600
RUBBER PACKING (x 2 pcs)
RA0334900
REFLECTOR SHEET (VX-180)
RA0294800
INTER CONNECTOR (VX-180)
RA0309800 (Lot. 20~)
MYLAR SHEET (SP)
G6090139
LCD (VX-180)
RA0294400
LCD HOLDER (VX-180)
RA029450B (Lot. 76~)
RA029450A (Lot. 10~75)
RA0294500
LIGHT GUIDE (VX-180)
RA0110200
HOLDER RUBBER
CP8266003 (VTX: Lot. 102~)
CP8266004 (EXP: Lot. 102~)
RA029600C (Lot. 56~101)
RA029600B (Lot. 28~55)
RA029600A (Lot. 17~27)
RA0296000 (Lot. 1~16)
FRONT CASE ASSY (VX-160)
RA021100B (Lot. 10~)
RA021100A (Lot. 1~9)
DOUBLE FACE TAPE
MAIN Unit
RA055770B (Lot. 98~)
LATCH NAIL C
RA0123500 (Lot. 1~97)
LATCH NAIL B
RA0210900
WINDOW
RA0293900
RUBBER KNOB
CP8266002 (VTX: Lot 102~)
CP8266006 (EXP: Lot 102~)
RA029590D (Lot. 54~101)
RA029590C (Lot. 28~53)
RA029590B (Lot. 17~27)
RA0295900 (Lot. 1~16)
FRONT CASE ASSY (VX-180)
(w/WINDOW, DOUBLE FACE TAPE)
RA029430A (Lot. 4~)
RA0294300 (Lot. 1~3)
RUBBER PACKING
P1091034A
CONNECTOR SMA/BR-1
CAUTION
8
CP7064001
BELT CLIP ASSY
CP8264001 (Lot. 96~)
RA029310D (Lot. 26~96)
RA029310C (Lot. 20~25)
RA029310B (Lot. 11~19)
RA029310A (Lot. 3~10)
RA0293100 (Lot. 1~2)
REAR CASE ASSY
(w/SMA CONNECTOR, TERMINAL PLATE (-),
PAN HEAD SCREW M2X3NI)
REF. VXSTD P/NDescriptionQty.
U44104002 TAPTITE SCREW M2X4NI10
U44104002
(VX-180V)
TAPTITE SCREW M2X4NI2
U20206007 BINDING HEAD SCREW M2.6X6B2
U24110002 TAPTITE SCREW M2X10NI2
U02206007 SEMS SCREW SM2.6X6B2
U00103002 PAN HEAD SCREW M2X3NI1
Block Diagram
9
Note:
10
Circuit Description
Receive Signal Path
Incoming RF from the antenna jack is delivered to the
RF Unit and passes through a low-pass filter consisting of
coils L1001, L1002, and L1031, capacitors C1004, C1005,
C1008, C1010, C1014, C1016, and C1221, and antenna
switching diode D1003 (RLS135 TE-17).
Signals within the frequency range of the transceiver
enter a varactor-tuned band-pass filter consisting of coils
L1010 and L1011, capacitors C1044, C1046, C1060,
C1065, and C1068, and diodes D1011, D1012, D1013,
and D1014 (all HVC358B), then are amplified by Q1012
(2SC5006-T1) and enter a varactor-tuned band-pass filter consisting of coils L1017 and L1021, capacitors C1084,
C1086, C1095, and C1097, and diodes D1018, D1019
(both HVC358B), before mixing by first mixer Q1026
(SGM2016AM-T7).
Buffered output from the VCO is amplified by Q1007
(2SC5005-T1) to provide a pure first local signal between
190.25 and 218.25 MHz for injection to the first mixer.
The 44.25 MHz first mixer product then passes through
monolithic crystal filter XF1002 (typ A, C:HDF0042, 5.5
kHz BW or typ CS1:HDF0051) to strip away unwanted
mixer products, and the IF signal is then amplified by
Q1033 (2SC4215Y TE85R).
The amplified first IF signal is applied to FM IF subsystem IC Q1037 (TA31136FN-EL), which contains the
second mixer, second local oscillator, limiter amplifier,
noise amplifier, and RSSI amplifier.
The second local signal is produced from the PLL reference/second local oscillator of 14.60 MHz crystal X1001.
The 14.60 MHz reference signal is tripled by Q1036, capacitor C1209, and coil L1029, and the resulting 43.8 MHz
second local signal is then delivered to the mixer section
of Q1037, which produces the 450 kHz second IF when
mixed with the first IF signal.
The second IF then passes through ceramic filter
CF1001 (ALFYM450G=K on “Narrow” channels) or
CF1002 (ALFYM450F=K on “Wide” channels) to strip
away all but the desired signal, and then is applied to the
limiter amplifier in Q1037, which removes amplitude
variations in the 450 kHz IF, before detection of the speech
by the ceramic discriminator, CD1001 (CDBC450CX24).
Detected audio from Q1037 is applied to the audio highpass filter, and then passes via the volume control to the
audio amplifier Q1039 (NJM2070M-TE2), which provides up to 1/2 Watt to the optional headphone jack or a 4ohm loudspeaker.
Squelch Control
The squelch circuitry consists of a noise amplifier and
band-pass filter within Q1037, and noise detector D1018
(HVC358B).
When no carrier is received, noise at the output of the
detector stage in Q1037 is amplified and band-pass filtered by the noise amplifier section of Q1037 and the network between pins 7 and 8, and then is rectified by D1028.
The resulting DC squelch control voltage is passed to
pin 37 of the microprocessor Q1014 (M37516E6HP:Lot.
1~4, M37516M6:Lot. 5~). If no carrier is received, this
signal causes pin 24 of Q1014 to go high and pin 20 to go
high. Pin 24 signals Q1060 (RT1P441U-T11-1) to disable the supply voltage to the audio amplifier Q1039, while
pin 20 holds the green (Busy) half of the LED off, when
pin 24 is high and pin 20 is high.
Thus, the microprocessor blocks output from the audio amplifier, and silences the receiver, while no signal is
being received (and during transmission, as well).
When a carrier appears at the discriminator, noise is removed from the output, causing pin 37 of Q1014 to go low
and the microprocessor to activate the “Busy” LED via Q1014.
The microprocessor then checks for CTCSS or CDCSS
code squelch information, if enabled. If not transmitting
and CTCSS or CDCSS is not activated, or if the received
tone or code matches that programmed, audio is allowed
to pass through the audio amplifier Q1039 (NJM2070MTE2) to the loudspeaker by the enabling of the supply
voltage to it via Q1037.
Transmit Signal Path
Speech input from the microphone is amplified by
Q1017 (NJM2902V TE1);
and R1054, the audio is amplified in another section of Q1017.
The processed audio may then be mixed with a CTCSS
tone generated by Q1014 (M37516E6HP:Lot. 1~4,
M37516M6:Lot. 5~) for frequency modulation of the PLL
carrier (up to ±5 kHz from the unmodulated carrier) at the
transmitting frequency.
If a CDCSS code is enabled for transmission, the code is
generated by microprocessor Q1014 (M37516E6HP:Lot.
1~4, M37516M6:Lot. 5~) and delivered to D1004
(HVC350B TRF) for CDCSS modulating.
The modulated signal from the VCO Q1002
(2SC5231C8-TL) is buffered by Q1007 (2SC5005-T1).
The low-level transmit signal then passes through the T/R
switching diode D1016 (DAN235E-TL) to driver amplifiers Q1015 (2SC5227-4-TB) and Q1016
(2SK2596BXTL), then the amplified transmit signal is
applied to the final amplifier Q1024 (2SK2974-T11),
which delivers up to 5 watts of output power.
The transmit signal then passes through the antenna
switch D1003 (RLS135 TE-11) and is low-pass filtered,
to suppress harmonic spurious radiation, before delivery
to the antenna.
after pre-emphasis by C1066
11
Circuit Description
Automatic Transmit Power Control
Current from the final amplifier is sampled by R1108,
R1115, and R1125, and is rectified by Q1057 (IMZ2AT108). The resulting DC is fed back through Q1032
(FMW1 T98) to the drive amplifier Q1016 and final amplifier Q1024, for control of the power output.
The microprocessor selects “High” or “Low” power levels.
Transmit Inhibit
When the transmit PLL is unlocked, pin 7 of PLL chip
Q1005 goes to a logic “Low,” and unlock detector Q1056
(2SA1586Y TE85R) goes to a logic “High.” The resulting DC unlock control voltage is passed to pin 14 of the
microprocessor, Q1014. While the transmit PLL is unlocked, pin 22 of Q1014 remains high, which then turns
off Q1029 (CPH6102-TL) and the Automatic Power Controller Q1032 (FMW1 T98) to disable the supply voltage
to the drive amplifiers Q1015/Q1016 and final amplifier
Q1024, thereby disabling the transmitter.
Spurious Suppression
Generation of spurious products by the transmitter is
minimized by the fundamental carrier frequency being
equal to final transmitting frequency, modulated directly
in the transmit VCO. Additional harmonic suppression is
provided by a low-pass filter consisting of coils L1001,
L1002, and L1031 plus capacitors C1004, C1005, C1008,
C1010, C1014, C1016, and C1221, resulting in more than
60 dB of harmonic suppression prior to delivery of the RF
signal to the antenna.
PLL Frequency Synthesizer
The PLL circuitry on the Main Unit consists of VCO
Q1002 (2SC5231C8-TL), VCO buffer Q1007
(2SC5005), and PLL subsystem IC Q1005
(MB15A02PFV1-G-BND-EF), which contains a reference divider, serial-to-parallel data latch, programmable
divider, phase comparator, and charge pump.
Frequency stability is maintained by temperature compensating thermistor TH1004. The output from TH1004
is applied to pin 39 of Q1014. Q1014 outputs thermal data
to D/A converter Q1052 (M62364FP 600D), which produces a DC voltage corresponding to the thermal data.
The resulting DC voltage is applied to varactor diode
D1004 (HVC350B TRF) to stabilize the 14.60 MHz Reference Frequency.
While receiving, VCO Q1002 oscillates between
190.25 and 218.25 MHz according to the transceiver version and the programmed receiving frequency. The VCO
output is buffered by Q1007, then applied to the prescaler
section of Q1005. There the VCO signal is divided by 64
or 65, according to a control signal from the data latch
section of Q1005, before being sent to the programmable
divider section of Q1005.
The data latch section of Q1005 also receives serial
dividing data from the microprocessor, Q1014, which
causes the pre-divided VCO signal to be further divided
in the programmable divider section, depending upon the
desired receive frequency, so as to produce a 2.5 kHz or
3.125 kHz derivative of the current VCO frequency.
Meanwhile, the reference divider section of Q1005
divides the 14.60 MHz crystal reference (from the reference oscillator, Q1022) by 5840 (or 4672) to produce the
The 2.5 kHz (or 3.125 kHz) signal from the programmable divider (derived from the VCO) and that derived
from the reference oscillator are applied to the phase detector section of Q1004, which produces a pulsed output
with pulse duration depending on the phase difference
between the input signals.
This pulse train is filtered to DC and returned to the
varactor D1037 and D1042 (both, typ A, C:HVC358B or
typ CS1:1SV305). Changes in the level of the DC voltage are applied to the varactor, affecting the reference in
the tank circuit of the VCO according to the phase difference between the signals derived from the VCO and the
crystal reference oscillator.
The VCO is thus phase-locked to the crystal reference
oscillator. The output of the VCO Q1002, after buffering
by Q1007, is applied to the first mixer as described previously.
For transmission, the VCO Q1002 oscillates between
146 and 174 MHz according to the model version and
programmed transmit frequency. The remainder of the PLL
circuitry is shared with the receiver. However, the dividing data from the microprocessor is such that the VCO
frequency is at the actual transmit frequency (rather than
offset for IFs, as in the receiving case). Also, the VCO is
modulated by the speech audio applied to D1005 (typ
A:HVU358 TRF, typ C:1SV229 TPH3, typ
CS1:1SV229 TPH3:Lot. 45~, HVU358 TRF:Lot. 54~),
as described previously.
Receive and transmit buses select which VCO is made
active, using Q1059 and Q1063 (both RT1P441U-T11-
1).
Miscellaneous Circuits
Push-To-Talk Transmit Activation
The PTT switch on the microphone is connected to pin
48 of microprocessor Q1014, so that when the PTT switch
is closed, pin 23 of Q1014 goes low. This signal disables
the receiver by disabling the 5 V supply bus at Q1036
(DTB123EK T146) to the front-end, FM IF subsystem
IC Q1037, and the receiver VCO circuitry.
At the same time, Q1027 (FMW1 T98) and Q1029
(CPH6102-TL) activate the transmit 5V supply line to
enable the transmitter.
12
Alignment
Introduction
The VX-160/-180 has been aligned at the factory for
the specified performance across the entire frequency range
specified. Realignment should therefore not be necessary
except in the event of a component failure. All component
replacement and service should be performed only by an
authorized Vertex Standard representative, or the warranty
policy may be voided.
The following procedures cover the sometimes critical
and tedious adjustments that are not normally required once
the transceiver has left the factory. However, if damage
occurs and some parts are replaced, realignment may be
required. If a sudden problem occurs during normal operation, it is likely due to component failure; realignment
should not be done until after the faulty component has
been replaced.
We recommend that servicing be performed only by
authorized Vertex Standard service technicians who are
experienced with the circuitry and fully equipped for repair and alignment. Therefore, if a fault is suspected, contact the dealer from whom the transceiver was purchased
for instructions regarding repair. Authorized Vertex Standard service technicians realign all circuits and make complete performance checks to ensure compliance with factory specifications after replacing any faulty components.
Those who do undertake any of the following alignments
are cautioned to proceed at their own risk. Problems caused
by unauthorized attempts at realignment are not covered
by the warranty policy. Also, Vertex Standard must reserve the right to change circuits and alignment procedures in the interest of improved performance, without
notifying owners. Under no circumstances should any
alignment be attempted unless the normal function and
operation of the transceiver are clearly understood, the
cause of the malfunction has been clearly pinpointed and
any faulty components replaced, and the need for realignment determined to be absolutely necessary. The following test equipment (and thorough familiarity with its correct use) is necessary for complete realignment. Correction of problems caused by misalignment resulting from
use of improper test equipment is not covered under the
warranty policy. While most steps do not require all of the
equipment listed, the interactions of some adjustments may
require that more complex adjustments be performed afterwards. Do not attempt to perform only a single step
unless it is clearly isolated electrically from all other steps.
Have all test equipment ready before beginning, and follow all of the steps in a section in the order presented.
Required Test Equipment
U Avionics Radio Tester with calibrated output level at
500 MHz
U In-line Wattmeter with 5% accuracy at 500 MHz
U 50-ohm, 10-W RF Dummy Load
U Regulated DC Power Supply (standard 7.5V DC, 2A)
U Frequency Counter: ±0.2 ppm accuracy at 500 MHz
U AF Signal Generator
U AC Voltmeter
U DC Voltmeter
U UHF Sampling Coupler
U IBM PC/compatible Computer with Microsoft DOS
v3.0 or later operating system
U Vertex Standard CT-42 Connection Cable and CE44
Alignment program
Alignment Preparation & Precautions
A 50-ohm RF Dummy load and in-line wattmeter must
be connected to the main antenna jack in all procedures
that call for transmission, except where specified otherwise. Correct alignment is not possible with an antenna.
After completing one step, read the following step to
determine whether the same test equipment will be required. If not, remove the test equipment (except dummy
load and wattmeter, if connected) before proceeding.
Correct alignment requires that the ambient temperature be the same as that of the transceiver and test equipment, and that this temperature be held constant between
20° and 30°C (68°~ 86°F). When the transceiver is brought
into the shop from hot or cold air, it should be allowed
time to come to room temperature before alignment.
Whenever possible, alignments should be made with
oscillator shields and circuit boards firmly affixed in place.
Also, the test equipment must be thoroughly warmed up
before beginning.
Note:Signal levels in dB referred to in this procedure are
based on 0 dBµ = 0.5 µV (closed circuit).
Important Note
When connecting the CT-42 plug into the MIC/SP
jack of the VX-160/-180, you must remove the plastic cap and its mounting screws prior to programming.
Please remember to re-attach the cap and screws when
the programming is complete.
13
Alignment
Set up the test equipment as shown below for transceiver alignment, and apply 7.5V DC power to the transceiver.
50-ohm
Dummy Load
RF Signal
Generator
Inline Wattmeter
Deviation Meter
Frequency
Counter
RF Sampling
Coupler
CT-42 connection
Cable
PC
COM port
MIC/SP
Transceiver
Power Supply
7.5V DC
The transceiver must be programmed for use in the
intended system before alignment is attempted. The RF
parameters are loaded from the file during the alignment
process.
In order to facilitate alignment over the complete operating rang of the equipment, it is recommended that the
channel data in the transceiver be preset as per the chart
below.
Channels
Low Band Edge134.000146.000142.000
(Channel 1)(Low POWER) (Low POWER) (Low POWER)
Band Center147.000160.000159.000
(Channel 2)(High POWER) (High POWER) (High POWER)
High Band Edge160.000174.000176.000
(Channel 3)(High POWER) (High POWER) (High POWER)
Tone-Frequency (Hz) / DCS-code
Channel
CTCSS
Low Band Edge
(Channel 1)
Band Center
(Channel 2)
High Band Edge
(Channel 3)
––––––
151.4–151.4–151.4–
–627–627–627
Frequency (MHz)
Ver. AVer. CVer. CS1
Ver. AVer. CVer. CS1
DCS
CTCSS
DCS
CTCSS
DCS
The alignment tool outline
Installation of the Alignment tool
The “alignment mode” is a software-based protocol,
accessed by an “Alignment Mode” command from the
computer while switching the transceiver on.It is operated by the alignment tool automatically. During use of
the alignment mode, normal operation is suspended. The
alignment tool program provides all needed operation capability.
The alignment tool consists of an executable file
“CE44.exe” and an accmpanying configuration file
“CE44.cfg” which should be loaded per standard DOS
procedures. Create a suitable directory, then copy these
foles from the distribution diskette into the new directory.
For example, if copying the file from Drive A, use the
following DOS command sequence:
No further installation steps are required. If you wish
to utilize a different name for the alignment directory, it
will not matter to the executable file.
Booting the Alignment Tool
Change to the “align” directory (or the directory name
you utilized in the previous section). Now type on the command line: ce44
The introductory screen will appear, and you may press
any key to enter the main screen.
Entering Alignment Mode
To enter the alignment mode, turn the transceiver off,
Select “Radio” then “Adjust” parameter. Now, turn the
transceiver back on. When the command has been successful, a message on the computer screen will confirm
that the transceiver is now in the “Alignment” mode.
Alignment Sequence
Although the data displayed on the computer's screen
during alignment is temporary data, it is important you
follow the basic alignment sequence precisely, so that the
displayed data and the data loaded into the transceiver are
identical.
Basic Alignment Sequence
1. Enter the alignment mode
2. Upload data from transceiver
3. Align data
4. Download data to transceiver
ENTER to boot the alignment tool.
14
Alignment
PLL VCV (Varactor Control Voltage)
U Connect the DC voltmeter between TP3 on the Main
Unit and ground.
U Set the transceiver to CH 3 (high band edge), and ad-
just L1004 on the Main Unit for 3.7~3.8 V (Typ C),
3.0~3.1 V (Typ CS1) or 3.4~3.5 V (Typ A) on the DC
voltmeter.
Transmitter Output Power
High Power
U Set the transceiver to CH 2 (band center).
U Open the “
select the “
U Press the [ENTER] key to enable programming of this
parameter; use the [] or [] arrow keys so that the
power meter reading is 5.5 W ± 0.1 W (Typ C, CS1) or
5.0 W ± 0.1 W (Typ A). Confirm that the current consumption is 2.2 A or lower.
U Press the [ENTER] key to lock in the new data.
Low Power
U Set the transceiver to CH 1 (Low band edge).
U Open the “
select the “
U Press the [ENTER] key to enable programming of this
parameter; use the [] or [] arrow keys so that the
power meter reading is 1.0 W ± 0.1 W (for “RF Power
Low”). Confirm that the current consumption is 1.0 A
or lower.
U Press the [ENTER] key to lock in the new data.
AdjustAdjust
Adjust” window on the CE44 program, then
AdjustAdjust
RF Power (High)RF Power (High)
RF Power (High)” parameter.
RF Power (High)RF Power (High)
AdjustAdjust
Adjust” window on the CE44 program, then
AdjustAdjust
RF Power (Low)RF Power (Low)
RF Power (Low)” parameter.
RF Power (Low)RF Power (Low)
MIC Sensitivity
U Set the transceiver to CH 2 (band center).
U Inject a 1 kHz tone at –37 dBm to the MIC jack.
CLONE GND
SP
IN
U Open the “
MIC SensitivityMIC Sensitivity
“
MIC Sensitivity” parameter.
MIC SensitivityMIC Sensitivity
U Press the [ENTER] key to enable programming of this
parameter; use the [] or [] arrow keys so that the
deviation meter reading is ±3.0 kHz (±0.1 kHz) (for 25
kHz steps) deviation.
U Press the [ENTER] key to lock in the new data.
AdjustAdjust
Adjust” window on CE44, then select the
AdjustAdjust
L1004TP3
15
Alignment
MAX Deviation
U Set the transceiver to CH 2 (band center).
U Inject a 1 kHz tone at –17 dBm to the MIC jack.
U Open the “
MAX DeviationMAX Deviation
“
MAX Deviation” parameter.
MAX DeviationMAX Deviation
U Press the [ENTER] key to enable programming of this
parameter; use the [] or [] arrow keys so that the
deviation meter reading is ±4.2 kHz (±0.1 kHz) (for 25
kHz steps, Typ A, C), ±4.3 kHz (±0.1 kHz) (for 25 kHz
steps, Typ CS1) or ±2.1 kHz (±0.1 kHz) (for 12.5 kHz
steps) deviation.
U Press the [ENTER] key to lock in the new data.
AdjustAdjust
Adjust” window on CE44, then select the
AdjustAdjust
CTCSS Deviation
U Set the transceiver to CH 2 (band center).
U Open the “
CTCSS DeviationCTCSS Deviation
“
CTCSS Deviation” parameter.
CTCSS DeviationCTCSS Deviation
U Press the [ENTER] key to enable programming of this
parameter; use the [] or [] arrow keys so that the
deviation meter reading is ±0.7 kHz (±0.1 kHz) (for 25
kHz steps, Typ C, A), ±0.9 kHz (±0.1 kHz) (for 25 kHz
steps, Typ CS1) or ±0.35 kHz (±0.1 kHz) (for 12.5 kHz
steps, Typ C, A), ±0.5 kHz (±0.1 kHz) (for 12.5 kHz
steps, Typ CS1)deviation.
U Press the [ENTER] key to lock in the new data.
AdjustAdjust
Adjust” window on CE44, then select the
AdjustAdjust
RF Frequency
U Set the transceiver to CH 2 (band center).
U Open the “
RF FrequencyRF Frequency
“
RF Frequency” parameter.
RF FrequencyRF Frequency
U Press the [ENTER] key to enable programming of this
parameter; use the [] or [] arrow keys so that the
frequency counter displays the band center frequency
(±100 Hz) for the version being aligned.
U Press the [ENTER] key to lock in the new data.
AdjustAdjust
Adjust” window on CE44, then select the
AdjustAdjust
Sensitivity
U Set the transceiver to CH 3 (high band edge, Typ C, A)
or CH 1 (low band edge, Typ CS1).
U Tune the RF signal generator to the same frequency as
the transceiver’s, then set the generator output level to
40 dBµ with ±3.0 kHz deviation @ 1 kHz tone modu-
lation.
U Open the “
RX TuneRX Tune
“
RX Tune” parameter.
RX TuneRX Tune
U Press the [ENTER] key to enable programming of this
parameter. Use the [] or [] arrow keys to tune for
best sensitivity; ultimately, the radio should be aligned
so that the RF signal generator output level is –6 dBµ
EMF (0.25 µV) or less for 12 dB SINAD.
U Press the [ENTER] key to lock in the new data.
AdjustAdjust
Adjust” window on CE44, then select the
AdjustAdjust
DCS Deviation
U Set the transceiver to CH 3 (high band edge).
U Open the “
DCS DeviationDCS Deviation
“
DCS Deviation” parameter.
DCS DeviationDCS Deviation
U Press the [ENTER] key to enable programming of this
parameter; use the [] or [] arrow keys so that the
deviation meter reading is ±0.75 kHz (±0.1 kHz) (for
25 kHz steps) or ±0.35 kHz (±0.1 kHz) (for 12.5 kHz
steps) deviation.