DOCUMENT
NO.
Y240A200M202REV
SKC-2000
"--_
..
-
__
ENGINEERING
TECHNICAL
REPORT
COMPUTER
CONTROL
USER'S
UNIT
MANUAL
.(CCUJ
SINGER
AI!ROS"ACI!
THE SINGER COMPANY • KEARFOTT DIVISION • 1150 MC BRIDE AVENUE • LITTLE FALLS, N.
&
MARINE
SVSTI!MS
J.
07424
THE SINGER
KEARFOTT
SKC-2000
COMPANY
DIVISION
Y240A200M202
_______
REV.
__
_
COMPUTER CONTROL
USER'S
MA~UAL
Prepared
by:
UNIT
(CCU)
Computation and Programming Department
F42021
DECEMBER 1973
2/72
THE
SINGER
KEARFOTT
COMPANY
DIVISION
Y240A200M202
REV.
_
TABLE
1.
INTRODUCTION
2.
COMPUTER CONTROL PANEL DESCRIPTION
OF
INSTRUCTIONS
2.1
2.2
ADDRESS (0-17) INDICATORS
DATA
SWITCHES (0-31)
2.3 INSTRUCTION'REGISTER SWITCHES (0-31)
2.4 DISPLAY SWITCH
2.5
2.6
MEMORY
EXECUTE CONTROL SWITCHES
2.7 PANEL RUN SWITCH
PC
2.8
INHIB
SWITCH
2.9 POWERSWITCH
2.10
2.11
TEST MODE SWITCH
UTILITY
INTERRUPT
2.12 BITE STATUS INDICATORS
2.13 BITE STATUS RESET SWITCH
2.14
TEST POINTS
CONTENTS
AND
AND
INDICATORS
OPERATING
PAGE
1-1
2-1
2-1
2-1
2-3
2-3
2-5
2-6
2-9
2-9
2-10
2-10
2-10
2-11
2-12
2-12
F4202-1
2/12
COMPUTE R
3.
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
STARTUP
START
START
POWER
ROM
MAIN
UP
OPTIONS
UP
FLOWCHART
UP
PROCEDURES
STARTUP
MEMORY (CORE) STARTUP
PROGRAM LOADING
3.7 LOADING ABSOLUTE FOCAP TAPE WITH THE
LOADER/VERIFIER
3-1
3-1
3-2
3-2
3-4
3-6
3-11
3-12
ilii
THE
SINGER
KEARFOTT
COMPANY
DIVISION
SKC-2000
COMPUTER CONTROL
USER'S
MANUAL
ABSTRACT
UNIT
Y240A200M202 .
_______
REV.
-
This document describes the
of
programmers point
inputs.
Several
common procedures
view.
use
of
the SKC 2000 Computer Control
It
includes a description
for
using the
Load procedure.
Effective
architecture
of
the
this manual
SKC
and
the SKC 2000
2000 computer
as
use
of.
Operation (Document No. Y240A200M0201).
Unit
(CCU) from the
of
the
panel
displays and all pushbutton/switch
CCU
panel
are
described including the Bootstrap
CCU
presume detailed knowledge
of
described in the manual SKC 2000 Principles
the
of
F4202-1
2/72
THE SINGER
KEARFOTT
COMPANY
DIVISION
1. INTRODUCTION
Unit
The SKC-2000 Computer Control
(CCU) provides the user/machine interface
loading, software checkout, and maintenance. The panel
self contained power supply
Panel
Computer Control
provides the following functions.
interconnects
with
the
and
• Displays pertinent computer registers.
Y240A200M202
for
is
mounted in a rack-size enclosure
two
I/O.connectors on the computer. The
REV.
program
with
-
a
• Enables loading the computer memory manually
tape reader,
• Provide the controls
• Provides the controls
• Provides the controls
• Provides the controls
• Provides the controls
and
provides controls
to
manually step the computer one instruction
to
to
to
to
and
logic
to
ascertain memory verification.
preset the computer
to
any initial program location.
stop the computer at any program step.
enable the computer
to
enable dynamic display
during program execution.
to
• Provides the controls
enable the computer
instruction.
• Provides a serial interface connection
to
a teletypewriter
or
by
use
of
a separate high-speed paper
at
a time.
repeatedly execute any program step.
of
any memory cell Which
to
continuously execute
(TTY)
for
data entry/display.
is
accessed
anyone
F4202·1
2/72
• Provides the capability
computer.
to
diagnose
and
correct hardware
1-1
and
software faults in the
Y240A200M202
REV.-=-
THE
SINGER
KEARFOTT
COMPANY
DIVISION
THIS
PAGE
INTENTIONALLY LEFT
BLANK
F4202-1
1-2
2/72
THE
SINGER
KEARFOTT
COMPANY
DIVISION
Y240A200M202
R.EV.--..;;~
2. COMPUTER CONTROL PANEL DESCRIPTION
and
panel
The indicators
on
the controls
2.1
ADDRESS (0-17) INDICATORS
The ADD R
ESS
as
follows.
indicators
the DISPLAY switch
contents.
contents
When
18-bit memory
DATA
indicators
switches
2.2
Should the DISPLAY switch
of
the
CPU
the
CPU
is
address,
switches. However, should the instructi(;m
are
meaningless.
are
now displayed by the corresponding
DATA
SWITCHES (0-31)
controls
is
set
Program Counter.
executing
placed into the
are
are
shown in Figure 2-1,
controlled
to
MEMORY,
an
instruction from memory, the ADDRESS indicators display
by
the 0 ISPLA Y switch.
these
be
set
CCU
The 18-bit Memory
AND
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
and
are
described in terms
When
execution
indicators display
to
any other position, the indicators will display the
Memory
be
Address
DATA
Address
loaded
formed
Indicator lights.
CCU
Memory Address Register
Register through the 18 right-most
from the
CCU,
by
the 18 right-most
of
is
these
the labeling
stopped
ADDRESS
and
the
DATA
There
are
32
toggle switches,
following functions:
1.
Setup a 32-bit operand
CCU
in the PANEL
2.
Setup
an
CPU
the
3.
Setup
an
ADDRESS
2.2.1
When
register selected
MODE,
DATA
INDICATORS (0-31)
the computer
by
the contents
matches the selected
one
for
each
bit
in this switch register. They
for
use
when the
OPER
18-bit memory
is
in the LOAD/EXAMINE MEMORY mode.
.18-bit memory
COMP
is
MODE
stopped, this
the DISPLAY switch.
of
the
selected
mode.
address
address,
of
operation.
set
of
register
for
to
32 indicators display data from memory,
If
the computer
CPU
loading into the
be
used
for
is
displayed when the computeris program counter
address.
are
used
to
perform the
is
instructed
address
is
running in the ADDRESS COMPARE
.CPU
to
fetch
memory
coinciden<~e
an
operand from the
address
register when
comparison in the
or
from a
CPU
F4202·1
2-1
2/72
/" til is 4 ,,3
••••••••
' B e 0 e " l!!. 0
L
•••••••••••••••••••••••
~
r-L
"T1
G>
C
::c
m
~
~
(")
0
s::
"'tJ
I\J
~
C
-i
m
::c
()
0
Z
-i
::c
0
r
"'tJ
»
z
m
r
: . .
l
'Ji """'
w - 0
i ;
~~~~ .~tt
OPCGD!----,rAlr--:U-Ir----
;_;
; ; ; ;
r--
f!,
IOiE~"--,
o.
:
~·t
;;
::t"
AQOq~S$ ',IU
,......--rUl
r---Xi!-
J
Ii " ..
; ~ ;.;
~-,(I
FlIl,.t.
C
~
6";'-".-<;
1/ \ '""
M¢{,IE---,
,=
_$fOP
~~~·.'tC·
-)1111
-'rllrlM1r~1(
OI~Pl.Y
D X
e
...
K
CO".,
OIfI.Y
':'ttl
.....
ll
I
'\"'I
'
~
\~
; ; ; ; ; ;
M
1
r---
VfH
..
JfY
fJf,A,iJt.F"
-:-
O.
OH
f~QPc:O{)£---,r.1J-II'---,1
(t ,; if "
INtf.PPUPT~
"-
11 U It!
~~
<_
'
~,
,..
;_; ; ••••
,.,..,
. ,
"!liPS
9 • 1 6
••••••••••
.0
••
"$-
••
fi.
• 1 2 , 0
tt~~rfl
•••••••••
"4"--
f" " " ,
~
••
~0~
S'tlt(:
(;C~
C.
I'
I
(i
1
--.
l'
~
·1
•
"
DT
XI
IT\
<
~:I:
mm
l>CJj
::tI
."Z
0C>
~m
~::tI
0(")
<0
(1)3:
Ol>
zZ
~
1:J
-<
THE
SINGER
KEARFOTT
DIVISION
2.3 INSTRUCTION REGISTER SWITCHES (0-31)
CO.MPANV
_Y_24_0_A_20_0_M_2_0_2
_
REV.
_
This switch register
1.
Form a 32-bit instruction word,
controlled
enables
the operator
to
execute
to
perform the following functions:
an
instruction from the
COMPARE-SWITCH EXECUTE mode
2.
Form a 32-bit instruction
or
data word, or two 16-bit short words,
memory, when the DISPLAY selector switch
3.
Provide a Start Address
executing a program in the
instruction
be
set
4.
Provide a Start Address when looping in the RUN-SWITCH EXECUTE mode
to
the desired starting
to
the desired starting
for
loading the Computer's Program Counter in preparation
RUN
address.
operation.
2.3.1 INSTRUCTION INDICATORS (0-31)
or
two
or
or
single
address
16-bit instruction words
CCU,
either in the ADDRESS
the PANEL-INST mode.
is
in the MEMORY position.
STEP
mode. By executing a long jump (JGU)
from
these
switches, the program counter will
used
when the
to
be
loaded irlto
CPU
is
for
of
These
instruction which
A
indicators display the contents
is
followed
1.
After
every instruction in the single
2.
When
the
CPU
3.
When
the
STOP
HALT
also
occurs when the
2.4 DISPLAY SWITCH
This switch
positions
is
a nine position rotary switch.
and
the computer
by a STOP
is
set
address
is
of
the I nstruction Register at completion
or
HALT. Note that a stop occurs:
STEP
mode.
to
stop manually via the RUN-STOP toggle switch.
is
reached
CPU
ex.ecutes
not
in RUN, the contents
in the ADDRESS COMPARE-STOP mode.
a H L T instruction
When
the switch
of
and
the
is
in any
the selected
HALT
of
CPU
of
execution
toggle switch
of
is
any
ON.
the eight non-memory
register at completion
F4202·1
2-3
2/72
Y240~A~OOM202
of
the last instruction executed
can be viewed
REV.
in
the display
-=-
is
displayed by
is
as
follows:
THE SINGER COMPANY
, KEARFOTTDiV1SION
the
DATA Indicator lights. The meaningful data
that
(A)
{B) B Register (32 bits)
(X)
(PI) Program Interrupt
A .Register (32 bits)
Index Register (18 bits)
Register (16 bits)
(ST)
(PC)
Status Register (16 bits)
Program Counter (18 bits)
Mask
Contains
the
contents of the most recently
used index register.
Contains
the group
thefoltOwing status information:
of
index registers selected, short
address extension bits, program flags,
interrupt enable, carry and overflow bits,
and
the
halfword arithmetic indicator.
Contains
instruction
the
target address of the next
to
be executed, when computer
has executed instructions from memory.
executing instructions from
this display
is
meaningless.
the
CCU
panel,
When
F4202·1
listed above are
Not
the
programmer.
status register bits
that
used indexing.
2/72
If,
and a condition
met, there
plus
PC
the
C and D registers, which are intermediate registers, and are 'not accessible
In
the case
0 and 1, and on the condition
of
position X, the register displayed
in
the
skip and transfer instructions
is
required without being
the
PC
contains the final address
1.
For non-conditional transfers, the
always contains the target address.
will
depend upon the condition of
of
the
Xl
or
X2field
bits
ofthelast
2-4
to
instruction
THE
SINGER
KEARFOTT
COMPANY
DIVISION
Y240A200M202
REV.
---
In the ninth position
WORD
hardware,
2.5 MEMORY
switches
1.
Set the DISPLAY rotary switch
2.
Set the appropropriate bits
INSTRUCTION
3.
Press
executed.
4;
To verify that, the memory interrupt
to
5.
manual memory loading
are
and
the memory interrupts must
the
ST (Status).
Reposition the DISPLAY rotary switch
of
the rotary switch, the MEMORY, LOAD, EXAMINE, SET ADDRESS,
activated. However, loading
to
for
STEP
Register
button. The EMI (Enable Memory Interrupt) instruction will now
DATA
switches.
inclicator light 2
and
examining.
be
enabled.
A.
the
and
examining memory in this way
To accomplish this:
Enable
has
been
.should
to
Memory Interrupt instruction in the
enabled, turn the DISPLAY rotary switch
be
lit.
MEMORY. Now the computer
uses
is
and
the DMA
be
ready
for
2.5.1 MEMORY SET ADDRESS SWITCH
is
used
to
set
This pushbutton switch
into the
2.5.2 MEMORY LOAD PUSHBUTTON
Actuating the LOAD pushbutton switch,
Memory at the
first operation
loads
the CMAR.
before memory
CCU
Memory
of
the instruction switches into
Subsequent operations
access.
Address
address
previously inserted into the
the LOAD command, after a
the contents
Register.
th~'
of
memory location specified by the CMAR without: changing
the LOAD pushbutton, increments the CMAR
places
of
the
18
the contents
CCU
SET
ADDRESS
right-most
of
Memory
or
DATA
the I NSTRUCTION switches
Address
EXAMINE MEMORY operation,
switches (14 thru 31)
Register (CMAR). The
two
into
counts
F4202-1
2·5
2/72
_Y_2_4_0_A_2_00
.... M ......
2 ...
0_2.-.
REV.-=-
2.5.3 MEMORY EXAMINE PUSHBUTTON
THE
SINGER
KEARFOTT
COMPANY
DIVISION
This pushbutton switch
and displayed on
is
actuated, after a Load Memory
read
~;-it
was
writte~-from
of
operations
2.5.4
FULL/HALF
the EXAMINE pushbutton increments
causes
the
32-bit
MEMORY WORD SWITCHES
This toggle switch determines
mode, the contents
of
the memory location previously inserted
DATA
display indicators. The first time the Memory EXAMINE switch
or
Set Address operation, the
the contents
the
if a full
16
or
half word
left-most toggle switches
loaded.
2.6 EXECUTE
2.6.1 RUN/STOP SWITCH
These
indicators display which mode the computer
executing instructions. The
set
to
RUN, the computer starts execution at the location determined
it
will continue executing instructions in normal
CONTROL SWITCHES
AND
STOP
AND
INDICATORS
light
is
in
the CMAR
address
of
the INSTRUCTION switches in memory. Subsequent
theCMAR
is.
to
be
to
obtain the next memory location.
loaded
of
into
the Instruction Register
specified by the CMAR
memory. In the
to
be
HALF
is
read
the data
INDICATORS
is
on
if
the computer
sequence
in. The RUN light
is
stopped.
until:
is
on
if
the computer
When
the toggle switch
by
the program counter,
out
is
word
is
is
and
1.
2.
3.
The switch
The
CPU
The stop
is
put
into
executes a
address
is
the STOP position.
HALT
reached
instruction
and the
operation.
The Run/Stop
Switch, when
set
to
STOP
program counter location. The status
instruction executed.
and
the
HALT
CCU
is
in the ADDRESS COMPARE-STOP mode
causes
of
the computer
the computer at this time depends upon the last
toggle switch
to
stop execution at the next
is
ON.
2-6
of
2.6.2 PANEL MODE SWITCHES
THE SINGER
KEARFOTT
COMPANY
DIVISION
, Y240A200M202
_______
REV
.
.--.;~_
These
computer
two
toggle switches OPER(Operand)
is
operated from Memory
or
Panel
and
INST (Instruction)
(CCU).
2.6.2.1 MEM/PANEL INST Switch
When
set
to
MEM, this toggle switch
When
INSTRUCTION switches,
set
to
PANEL INST, the computer will repeatedly execute the instruction
regardless
either from memory or the
MEM/PANEL
RUN
mode.
INSTRUCTION selection switch
CCU
enables
of
as
the computer
the
CPU
program counter while fetching
determined by the MEM/PANEL OPERAND switch. The
can
be
2.6.2.2 MEM/PANELOPER Switch
When
set
to
set
to
PANEL
the operand,
instructions
MEM, this switch
OPER,
the computer will repeatedly
regardless
either
from memory
of
enables
the
the computer
CPU
generated
or
the
CCU
use
effective
as
determined by the MEM/PANEL INSTRUCTION
switch., The MEM/PANE L OPERAND selection switch
in the
RUN
mode.
are
used
to
determine
to
execute instructions from Memory.
or
storing operands
used
in either single step operation
to
operate on operands from Memory.
the data word
address,
can
be
used
set
on
the
DATA
while fetching
and
in either single step operation
if
set
by the
or
in the
When
switches
executing
the
as
or
F4202·1
Note that
be
ON.
2.6.2.3
When
for
the PANEL OPERAND switch
STEP
Switch
operated, this switch
causes
stopped, either RUN/STOP switch
programco,:,nter
ADDRESS
If
the RUN/STOP switch
COMP-STOP
momentarily
and
the
,address
MODE
is
go
into the run condition
condition.
2/72
the computer
set
setting
of
operation.
in
STOP,
for
to
be
effective, the PANEL
to
execut~
,to
STOP,
,of
operation
one
or
because
the 18 right-most
of
instruction execution
2-7
a single instruction'
of
a match between the computer
DATA
the
STEP
switch will
and
RUN
toggle switch must
if
switc~es
cause
then return
the computer
when,
in
the
CPU
to
the stopped
is
the
to
_Y_2_4_0A_2_00_M_20_2_REV.
-=--
THE
SINGER
KEARFOTT
COMPANY
DIVISION
2.6.3 ADDRESS
COMP
MODE
2.6.3.1 ON/OFF Switch
When
oscilloscope SYNC
ON, this switch
pulses.
is
used
to
enable the ADDRESS COMPARISON MODE
2.6.3.2 SWITCH EXECUTE/DISP/STOP Switch
is
used
to
set
This three position switch
occurs. For this switch
to
be
effective, the ADDRESS
the selected mode
ON.
In the SWITCH EXECUTE mode, the
INSTRUCTION switches, when a memory
CPU
address
Operand Address. By placing a JGU instruction
will
switches, the last mentioned feature
STOP
address
specified
by
the 18 right-most
cause
DATA
and
generation
of
COMP
operation when
MODE ON-OFF toggle switch must
address
coincidence
will execute the next instruction from the
compare occurs in the
to
a desired
the program
address
to
loop from the starting
CPU
from the
Program Counter
CCU
INSTRUCTION
address
switches.
of
be
CCU
or
to
a
In the DISPLAY position, when Memory Address Coincidence occurs, the selected word,
determined by the DISPLAY selector switch,
register
is
selected, a momentary
pause
is
displayed while the
of
a few microseconds occurs while the word
CPU
continues
to
run.
If a CPU
is
being
extracted.
When
in the
(operand
the content
2.6.4
With the ADDRESS
STOP ADDR switch,
coincidence occurs
ALL,
In
STOP
position, the computer will stop when the program counter
or
instruction)
of
the 18 right-most
STOP
ADDRESS SWITCH
as
determined
COMP
for
MODE switch
if
set
to
instructions only.
DATA
I NST,
by
switches.
will
the computer will stop when memory
the
set
STOP
to
cause
address
STOP,
ADDR-ALL/INST
and
the computer in the run mode, the
the computer
coincidence occurs
reaches
toggle switch specified by
to
stop when memory
for
both instructions
the
address
address
operands.
as
and
F4202·1
2-8
2/72
The computer
to
back
RUN). The indicator lights display either
will
remain stopped until
THE
SINGER
KEARFOTT
the
COMPANY
DIVISION
RUN/STOP switch
the
RUN
or
the
Y240A200M202
is
reset (i.e., set
STOP state.
to
STOP and then
REV.
-
2.6.5 HALT SWITCH
When
the
switch
instruction
is
interpreted by
is
in
AND
INDICATOR
the
OFF position and
the
CPU
to
be a NOP.
the
Halt instruction
When
computer executes a Halt instruction, further execution
indicator goes off, and
the
HALT indicator illuminates.
2.6.6 RESET/MASTER AND DISPLAY SWITCHES
of
the
Operation
which resets
MASTER RESET pushbutton
the
CPU
and registers
to
The DISPLAY RESET pushbutton
receiptof
this
new data. When this
button,
the
static register contents are displayed.
button
~he
initial power turn-on state.
is
used
is
pressed, all DATA indicator lights go off. Upon release
will
cause
to
reset all display registers in
2.6.7 PROGRAM SWITCHES 0 THRU 7
These eight toggle switches provide control
use
of
these switches with
aJGW
instruction
to
the
CPU switch inputs. The programmer can make
to
control branch points within
is
executed by
the
switch
is
the
generation
is
in
the
inhibited. Subsequently,
of
J1 Initialization signal,
the
the
the
computer,
ON
position, and
CCU
to
program.
the
verify
the
the
RUN
the
of
F4202·1
2.6.8 MEMORY WRITE
With this switch
in
the
SWITCH
ON
AND INDICATOR
position,
the
MEMORY WRITE indicatorgoes
loaded into protected memory. When OFF, loading into protected memory
RUN
PC
SWITCH
SWITCH
is
used
to
ON
when using
to
inhibit incrementing
the
CCU.
the
Program Counter
2.7 PANEL
This switch must always be set
2.8 INHIB
This toggle switch
2-9
2/72
in
the
on
and words can be
is
inhibited.
computer.
Y240A200M202
2.9 POWERSWITCH
REV.
-=-
SINGER
THE
KEARFOTT
COMPANY
DIVISION
Power
goes
The contents
contents
is
controlled by this toggle switch.
on.
of
memory core
of
the working
registers
random followingturn on).
2.10 TEST MODE
SWITCH
This three position rotary switch
describes
the switch functions:
SWITCHPOSITION
NORM
COMP
ONLY
When
set
to
ON, power
are
not affected by switching power
and
LSI
is
used
memory
to
determine the mode
are
lost whenever power
FUNCTION
If
the computer ur:'it
the
BITE STATUS i.ndicators will display the BITE register
as
The
is
not
shown
computer
in Table
desired
unit
to
stop
is
2·1.
is
not cabled
ona
Indicators, will display as-shown
is
applied to the
off
and
goes
of
testing. The followin.9 tabulation
associated
vr.
However, the
off
(contents
are
cabled to the 1/0 unit, then
to
the 1/0
unit
and
it
BITE failure. The BITE STATUS
in~-table
2·1.
.
light
STOP
ON
FAIL
2.11
UTILITY
INTERRUPT
2.11.1 ENABLESWITCH
This toggle switch
defined by the
2.11.2
SELECTOR
is
used
UTILITY
SWITCH
to
enable
INTERRUPT selector switch.
This three position rotary switch
subroutines.
When
the Selector switch
INTERRUPT pushbutton
is
set
is
depressed
The computer
is
desired
indicators will display
an
external program interrupt
is
used
to
to
INTERRUPT, program interruption occurs immediately after the
and
the
to
select
Utility
unit
is
not
cabled
stop-~~on
a BITE failure. The BITE STATUS
as
shown in Table
to
one
of
three
modes
Interrupt ENABLE switch
to
the 1/0
unit
2·1.
be
generated
of
operation within the
under conditions
is
set
and
to
it
ON.
utility
F4202.1
2·10
2/12
When
the Selector switch
interrupts
remains
to
masked
is
set
to
ALL,
a subroutine, which can
until
the Return Address (RTA) instruction
THE SINGER
KEARFOTT
after completing
be
used
for
COMPANY
DIVISION
each
tracing
or
Y240A200M202
REV.
instruction execution, the program
other purposes. The program interrupt
is
executed.
__
_
When
transfers
interrupt
merged
2.11.3
This switch
the Selector switch
to
a subroutine which
sources
into
are
the control panel program interrupt No. 14 through the AGE connector.
is
combined
set
to
JUMPS,
can
be
used
with
Teletypewriter (TTY) and paper tape reader interrupts,
INTERRUPT SWITCH
is
used
to
activate the
Utility
INTERRUPT position and the ENABLE switch
2.12 BITE STATUS INDICATORS
2.12.1 SYSTEM
These
lights, in conjunction
the computer's condition. Table
ALARMS
(1-4)
with
the TEST MODE switch,
2-1
below shows the conditions required
TABLE
TEST MODE
SWITCH
POSITION
SWITCH
ALARMS
each
successful jump will
for
tracing
or
other purposes. The three program
cause
program interrupt
Inter'rupt mode when the selector switch
is
set
to
ON.
are
used
to
obtain a visual indication
to
light these indicators.
2-1.
CONDITION FOR
ON
is
and
in the
of
F4202-1
NORM
COMPONLY
OR
STOP
FAIL
The functions
2/72
ON
1
2 Computer
3,4 Program Controlled
1
2
3
4
of
the remaining indicators
Unprotected block
not
if
Lights
"0"
DC
Memory
computer tires
op code.
power failure.
Release
of
OK.
Time Out.
memory in modules 3
to
Indirect Addressing Failure.
are
contained in Table 2-2.
2-11
execute all
logic"
and
1"
4.
or
all logic
THE
_Y_2_4_0A_2_00_M_2_02_
REV.
-=-
SINGER
KEARFOTT
2.13 BITE STATUS RESET SWITCH
Once
present, the EXEC
and
VOLT
signals
are
pushbutton, extinguishes the BITE STATUS indicators,
2.14
TEST POINTS
COMPANY
DIVISION
latched
if
to
remain on. Operation
the fault
has
been
of
corrected.
the RESET
These
test points
troubleshooting
INDICATOR
TEMP Indicator
TIMER Indicator
MEM Indicator
TEST Indicator
are
for
diagnostic checkout
only by qualified personnel.
TABLE
2-2.
FUNCTIONS
This light
detected.
This light
watchdog
reset,
and
This light
all 1
's
or
address
This indicator illuminates when the BITE circuits in the
computer
of
the computer,
OF
INDICATORS
and
FUNCTION
goes
on when
goes
on when the master clock fails, when the
timer
in the
an
over-temperature condition
Unit
Under Test (UUT)
when the BITE in the UUT
goes
on when the
all
O's,
or
if
an
of
a jump instruction
are
under test.
CPU
operand
is
out
are
is
makes
address
of
the memory
to
be
used
for
hardware
is
is
improperly
in a self-test condition.
an
attempt
or
the computed
to
execute
range.
F4202·1
EXEC Indicator
VOLT
2/72
Indicator
This indicator, Execution Error, illuminates
is
made
to
write data
This indicator
Test
is
out
of
either a power
illuminates when a voltage in the
tolerance. Illumination
or
into
protected memory.
hardware failure.
of
this light indicates
2-12
~hen
an
attempt
Unit
Under
THE
SINGER
KEARFOTT
COMPANY
DIVISION
_______
Y240A200M202
REV.
__
_
3. COMPUTER START
This section describes the procedures
covers:
CCU
•
& SKC2000 power up
• SKC2000 memory priming
• Program Loading
with
ROM
bootstrap loader
with
Manual bootstrap loader
3.1
START
A wide variety
UP
OPTIONS
of
start up procedures
to
be
followed
sequence
are
available
UP
to
start
or
restart the
with
the SKC2000. Among these are:
CCU
and
SKC2000.
It
Read
Only Memory (ROM) option
can
include a
ROM
containing a program loader. This loader
The
•
CPU
location zero.
3.1.1 Start Up Location Option
The startup location, at power on,
• Location 0 - The
ROM
is
determined
memory
is
available
by
hardware:
• Location 7000 (HEX). This typically indicates that the
it
must
be
entered
as
described in Section 3.5).
3.1.2 Main Memory Priming.
To
condition the main memory at power up, the
or
reading memory via the
CCU.
This
is
described in succeeding sections.
CPU
must
be
set
can
be
executed starting at
ROM
is
not
available
into
RUN mode before entering
(if
available
F4202-1
3-1
2/12
Y240A200M202
3.1.3 . Manually entered bootstrap.
If
ROM
placed
For
minicomputer
devices connected
they
described herein.
is
not
into
memory
some
applications the SKC2000 hardware includes a system configuration in which a
are
transparent
REV.-=--
available
it
is
connected
to
to
and
must
be
to
the
PDP11.
the user in regard
THE SINGER COMPANY
KEARFOTT
if
the bootstrap loader
manually entered.
the
CCU
and
acts
The hardware
to
operating the
DIVISION
as a front
and
PDP11
(see
section 3.5.3)
end
software
CCU.
The
has
to
the SKC-2000
have
been
use
of
the
not
been
for
constructed
PDPll
is
previously
PDP11
peripheral
so
that
not
further
3.2 START
The hardware
flowchart,figure 3-1.
3.3
POWER
The following
•
•
•
•
•
•
UP
FLOWCHART
and
UP
PROCEDURES
CCU
RUN/STOP -
PANE L
MEM/PANEL INST - PANEL
MEM/PANEL
ADDR
HALT-
RUN -ON
COMP
ON
operational decisions that determine start
switch settings
STOP
OPER
MODE - OFF
are
used
- PANEL
for
start up
up
procedures
are
summarized in a
F4202·1
Then:
2/72
PROGRAM SWITCHES -
•
Turn
CCU
•
• Turn on SKC2000 at power source (installation dependant)
•
Depress
Power Switch -
Reset
Master
All
ON
Down
3-2
..,
...
o
'"
'"
To
bypass loading and
go
directly
to
execution
see
Section 3.5.1
CAl
CAl
START
To
use
preloaded core bootstrap loader,
see
Section 3.6
ADDRESS
To
HEX
POi': R
= 7000
UP
SEC~:3
CORE
STARTUP
SEC
3.5
,
START
ADDRESS
=0
ROM
STARTUP
SECTION 3.4
place
boot
To
load via
memory
loader push buttons
in core
see
Sec
3.5.2
and
Sec
3.5.3
If
SKC 2000 contains ROM loader
as
'Start Address =
To
bypass loading and
To
load
programs
with
ROM
see
loader
3.4.1
Sec
see
Sec
3.5.3.1
To
load via
load and store
instructions
see
Sec
3.5.3.2
0'
go
directly
To
load via
see
Section 3.4.1.2
To
load via
Reader
see
Section 3.4.1.1
TTY
to
be
to
execution
Use
of
core bootstrap
See
Sec
3.6
(Program Loading)
used, transfer
to
;
see
Section 3.4.1.4
Post
Load
Sec
3.4.1.3
Use
of
loader/verifier
see
Sec
location 0
(Sec
To start executing
see
Sec.
3.4.1.4
To
load more
programs
Sec
loader)
see
3.4.1 (ROM
or
Sec
3.7
3.5), continue
3.7
~
,,::J:
mm
)low
:D-
.,..Z
oC>
~m
~:D
on
-0
=s~
~"U
0)10
ZZ
-<
(loader/verifier)
3-1
FIGURE
STARTUP
FLOWCHART
Y240A200M202
The
address
be
on.
If
3.4
ROM
REV._
indicators
the
address
STARTUP
THE
SINGER
KEARFOTT
will
display either 0 or 7000 (HEX)
is
0,
see
section 3.4.
COMPANY
DIVISION
If
the
address
and
the STOP indicator
is
7000,
see
will
section 3.5.
When
computer program counter contains
ignored and the mode
the computer initializes
is
effectively Memory.
to
location zero, the
an
address
program being executed must make a transfer
addresses
MEM/PANEl
The ROM contains
Program Switches 6 and
After
in 3.4.1. Then, the following
will
developed in
ROM
programs that
Data).
an
o Switch
o Switch
to
core location 7F9E -
initialization
7as
6 up - Transfer
6 down, switch 7 up - Execute instruction switches (by transferring
sequence
follows:
to
See
o both Switches Down - Transfer
is
not
currently populated
user
developed load routine.
switches 6
and 7 have
been
set, the
sequence
be
initiated according to Switch
access
ROM loader
3.4.1.4)
to
0800 (HEX) in the ROM. This location
in
the Standard
ROM
will
setting<s:
CPU
contains a
below
To
to
3EOO
the
allow execution from the panel the
maiD
memory (core). However data
main memory
starting
cause
at
(see
ROM
loader
memory
locations zero, controlled by
3.4.1)
but
(if
used)
to
ROM
Panel
Mode switches
will
still
is
available
is
set
up
be
primed and execution
(Note¢
be
for
as
When
controlled by
a special
described
the
are
F4202!
2/72
o Set both MEM/PANEL switches
o Set
o RUN/STOP
Use
3.4.1
of
To utilize the
loader
will
load FOCAP (SKC2000 Assembler) absolute format 8 level paper tape from
HALT
the
ROM
switch
to
ROM
ON
RUN
Loader
loader, both
either a teletype reader or a high
odd or
code
even
(See
frame parity. The
3.7.1)
is
recognized on the tape, the computer
Panel
speed
ROM
to
Mode Switches should
paper tape
loader
count in the A register. The loader options
o Switch 2 Down - Odd Parity Up -
o Switch 3 Down - High
Speed
Reader Up - Teletype
3-4
MEM
be
set
to
reader.
will
count all parity errors.
are
determined by panel switches 2
Even
Parity
The paper tape
will
halt
and
Input
MEM. The
can
be
ROM
either
When a STOP
display the error
and
3.
The
ROM
loader uses only
typically loads
3.4.1.1
Place
Switches
High
the
FOCAP paper tape with leader (RUBOUTS)
as
shown above.
the
Loader/Verifier routine which
Speed Reader Loading.
CPU
Set
registers and modifies only
the
CCU
procedure.
3.4.1.2 Teletype Loading
the
teletype
If
the
Place
STOP
or
the
program will be loaded. See 3.4.1.3 for
is
equipped with a paper tape reader, it can be used
FOCAP paper tape with leader (all holes)
FREE.
Set
the
Program Switches. Set
THE
SINGER
KEARFOTT
to
RUN
next
COMPANY
DIVISION
is
then
and
the
program
at
the
the
CCU
procedure.
Y240A200M202
the
used
at
loaded locations. The
to
load subsequent programs.
the
read position. Set
will
be loaded. See
to
load programs.
ROM
the
3.4.1.3
read position. The reader must be set
to
RUN.
Set
the
teletype
to
START and
REV.
loader
Program
for
next
to
___
_
3.4.1.3 Post Load
After a
of
The
stopped by setting
To
3.4.1.4 Transfer
To
(HEX), where XXXX
Panel Mode Switches
Stop
code
is
parity errors
High
Speed Reader halts when
detected on
in
the
the
A register. If
reader
to
the
STOP.
load additional programs, position
To
Control From
transfer control
to
a loaded program after a Halt
is
the
address, into
to
Panel.
All
The address indicators will display
switches
to
MEM.
Set
RUN/STOP
to
tape,
the
the
count
the
the
next
computer
is
non-zero, the load should be repeated.
computer
tape
will
halts. The teletype does
and toggle RUN/STOP
ROM
in
the
Instruction switches. Set Program switch 7 up and
others down. Set PANEL
the
address. Set RUN/STOP
RUN.
halt (HALT indicator on) with a
not
halt and must be
to
RUN.
ROM
set
a JGU XXX
RUN
ON. Toggle RUN/STOP
to
STOP.
X,
= 6430XXXX,
Set
both MEM/PANEL
to
count
RUN.
F4202-1
3-5
2/72
________
Y240A200M202
3.5
To
condition the core memory when power
into
REV.
MAIN
MEMORY (CORE) STARTUP
RUN mode before entering
THE
SINGER
KEARFOTT
or
reading memory via the
COMPANY
DIVISION
is
first
turned on, the
CPU.
CPU
should
be
set
When
CPU, the
the computer initializes
ROM
bootstrap loader
o Set Program Switch 6 up
Place
o
o
a JGU 4000 (64304000)
Set both MEM/PANEL Switches
o RUN/STOP -
indicators
will
o RUN/STOP - STOP
Place
o
o
a JGU 0000 (64300000)
Depress
Step once. The Address indicators
o Set both MEM/PANEL switches
o Continue
with
to
location 7000 (HEX),
can
RUN.
This allows memory
contain 4000
3.4
be
and
entered:
into
the Instruction Switches
to
PANEL
to
be
into
the Instruction Switches
will
contain 0000
to
MEM
the
ROM
is
present in the
primed. The Address
F4202·1
2/72
If
it
is
known that the contents
strap loader)
to
be
executed
see
of
memory contain a program (typically the core boot-
3.5.1.
3.5.1 Start Up Program Execution
This procedure
Place
o
is
includes memory priming.
a JGU
some
XXXX
even
memory location.
(6430XXXX)
o Set both MEM/PANEL Switches
o RUN/STOP - RUN. This allows memory
will
contain
o RUN/STOP -
(\
Set both MEM/PANEL switches
b RUN/STOP - RUN
XXXX.
STOP
If
data must
into
to
PANEL
to
MEM
3-6
be
entered via the
CCU
the Instruction Switches where
to
be
primed. The Address indicator
see
XXXX
3.4.2.
3.5.2 Manual Memory Loading
Prior
to
loading memory the following procedure
•
Place
EMI -
HALT
(00800280) in the Instruction Switches
• Set both MEM/PANEL Switches
THE
SINGER
KEARFOTT
to
COMPANY
DIVISION
is
used
PANEL
to
prime memory:
Y240A200M202
REV.
---
• Halt -
ON
• RUN/STOP - RUN
• The computer
can
now
be
used
will
halt
with
to
enter information
7802 (HEX) displayed in the
into
memory.
address
indicators. The
CCU
3.5.3 CORE BOOTSTRAP LOADER
The core bootstrap loader loads standard FOCAP (SKC2000 Assembler) absolute format, 8 level
paper tape from a high
as
words
typically
shown,
be
used
speed
reader
it
can
load from a teletype
to
load the Loader/Verifier program which
into
the memory locations indicated on the tape. By changing 2
reader.
It
performs no error checking and should
is
then
used
for
loading other
programs .
. The Bootstrap Loader
memory
by
means
of
instructions through the
Table
3.1
contains a hexadecimal listing
beginning at location
executing a jump
to
loaded manually in one
the MEMORY pushbuttons,
panel.
of
the Bootstrap Loader which
78CO.
78CO.
The source
After
recognizing a
is
shown in Figure 3-2.
of
two
ways.
or
alternatively by
It
After
STOP
code on the tape, the loader
can
means
be
loaded directly
of, Load and Store
is
entered
loading,
it
into
is
will
into
memory,
entered by
halt
with
is
78E7 displayed in the Address indicators.
F4202·l
To
load memory
and
2/72
with
the bootstrap loader via MEMORY pushbuttons
STORE instructions,
see
3.5.3.2.
3-7
see
3.5.3.1.
To
use
LOAD
.Y240A200M202
THE
SINGER
~EV.-=-
KEARFOTT
COMPANY
DIVISION
TABLE
3-1
FOCAP FORMAT PAPER TAPE BOOTSTRAP LOADER
LOADS OPERATIONAL PROGRAMS INTO
LOCATION CONTENTS
078CO
078C2
07SC4
078C6
- -., .,.,~
9C0178E8
FC0178E8
_.
__
..
-.~~~.---~--."""".,.
-~
...
5C020oo5
4E8178E~"8'
078C8 4A830C6B
078CA 62824883
078CC
078CE
07800
07802
07804
07806
07808
078DA
0780C
078DE
078EO
0C676207
OC7F6215
OC7B638B
0301608F
OC790862
6C030001
08646093
644878EO
79003101
0690609B
03810500
078E2 08416085
078E4
OC7B62A1
078E6 028060A7
·-o18Eg-····~··~--·00600000-
078~
02DA1AED
REPRESENTATION)
SKC-2000 LOADER PROGRAM
OCCUPIES LOCATIONS
78CO
STARTING LOCATION
(FOR
TTY
READER - 4A830C64)
Addr 078DE
Sync
display switch
TTY
(FOR
set
READER - 02DA215D)
TO 78EA
CORE
IS
to
FROM
78CO
for
display
A register. Ref
(HEXADECIMAL
PAPER
of
store
Sec
TAPE
address
2.4.
with
F4202·1
2/72
..,
..
o
'"
'"
-
eN
cO
"T1
-
G>
C
::0
m
eN
~
en
0
C
::0
(")
m
!:
en
-I
Z
,G>
OJ
0
0
cA
-I
::0
»
."
r
0
»
c
m
::0
*
-------------------.-
'"
*
*
*
------
--.-
*
*
*
*
*
5
Of8CO-30-qU---Y-cfo()cocCCXC---
6 078CO
____
7_91J1.C9._
* *
8 078CO
9
018C2
--10078(4
11
078C6
12
018e8
--r3018C9
14
078CA
15
078e6
l6
078CC
17
078CC
18
018CE
-19"
OnGF"";
20
07800
210780130929
-22-,f7802--
23
07803
24
07804
25
07805
26
078D~
27
01808
~2B-0780930937
29078DA
30
078De
--3"iJ78003094
32
0780E
33
07aDF
-14-~6-78E-6--30944-1-038-1
35
018E!
36
OHE2
--31
078E:3
38
078F4
39
018E5
400781:6
41
01eE7
42
07d~e
- t;j-07t'E:'
44
078~C
------------* ----
--
-----
-----------
30912
1
30912
30912 1 9C017SEE
30914 1 FC0178EE
30916
30918 1 4E811etA
31)920 - 1
30921
30922 1 6282
30923
30924
30925
3\l926
30927-1-30928 1 OC7S
30"9l0--To30i---------30931
30H2
30933
30934
30930 1 0864
309_38 - 1
30940 1 7900
30942
30943
30945
30946 1 0841
30947
30948 1 oC7i
30949
30950
3J9Sl
30952 1 OOCCOCG(
-30S54--1--b)"DA"ii"FD
3JS56
00)00002
1
OOOCQ01~
1 5C020C05--CDVFo"5-
4A83
1 oe6B
1
t"-OC61
1
1 OC1F
1
16ceF
1 OC1<; LOVF
1 ----oe6Z--------sR"Lo
1
6(030001
1 -
64487l!E
i
-1-----3ToT------C4.,,---
1 C6S0
1
1
1
1
1
0280
1
1
0JJ~J:JC
*
SJ(C -2000
* THI S
---PAPER
*
*
• (
*
.. ----RUN
*
*****"'**********
X2
RMQ_~EJ)C
START LDS STAT
LOVFC4
LOVFOI
4E83
INPUT
-------S-RC
6201
621~
C3l!a
6093
cCss
osoe
6e8S
62AIJRG
6CA
- - -
12
C
LDVF13
lOVF09
LOVF03
-----Hl
7
STAT HEX 0 '
5t(;6---
PROGRAM
TAPE.--jT
lNI
T (
CCU
THE
-O"f-THE-fNSTRUcTfoN
SkI
AND
-seix
SEn
Ll)I
Lrj"x----------=::X..;.0=::.,.!..5-,-M-----~FRA,.E
DOM
DlA
SRy-----
JRG
DIA
JRG
__
SRC
JQG
SRC
JRL
-SET--
~RU
SRC
IMN
SRLO
JRt;
JGF
STB
LXA
JRl;
RS-T
EAS
5LL
-JRU--LDVFl3------------STCRE
SRC
JRl
HE
E~D
PRC'(;RAfi
IN
PANEL
TCH
IN
THE
pusiTlc~-ETAPE
THE
LeADER
---0-------
2
___
1,--",0
__
STAT I
STED.READ,C,J(
READ.C.IC
11
LOVFOI
READ,K
--.
7 - CHECK
UlVFl2
_
31
lDVF03
27
LDVFJ4
---l----------BT.;fo-GF:F-~
LDVfOS
25
~2~-------
XO,I."
4
LDVF04
LOVF09.1
O,X2
2,
X2
X2
_..;:L:!::D.o!V:...F:!.O.:'..5
1 RESET THE
1
27
LDVF05,
T STCP
START
x-6i"rii
LCADER
WI
LL
IS
I.
IS
MODE
J,
UP
WILL
_
____
AE-C---------
LCAD
CPERAT
IONAL
TCGG-lEO-INTO-C-URE
STARTED
swffC"HES-CF-fHE-tctJ-~---foGG[E--fHERUN
THEN. PLACE
POSITICI'\,
BY
AND
-n.--THEREACERWiLLBEGlN"-[OADYNG---------
ceME
TO
X~O
XR2
LCADE~
I\lT
ULlZ
STEP THE
READ
THE
CHECK
READ
TAPE
BIT
6 CFF - TREAT
CCNTROl CHARACTER.
BIT
"5
BIT
5
BIT
()
SHIFTZ-ellTfNTGS-REG1S'T"ER
JU~P
A~CUhC
weRO
IS
JUMP
IF
STORE
I
Ne
REM
ADDRESS
-=-=-=-==--==-----:-=~-
ADDRESS
pes
IT
ION
CHECK
IF
CONTROL
CGDCHALT-----
Fe~
REST
HIGH
s pTEcREicE"-R"-CONTROL-W-ORO
PROGRAMS
FROM"--THE
PLACING A
T~E
PLACE
A HALT AFTER ThE
STARTING
AT
COUNTER
~EAOER
CCU
BIT
10
INTO
arT
6
CFF -
ON -AeGR
ON -TAPF'IS
BEIN~G~P~R~O~C~E~S~S~E~D
ACC_RESS'
THE ASSEMBLED
ENT S TOR
PCINT
.CDRES:S-FlAG-
TO
FOR
IN
XR2 - .
BIT
0
ART
JGU
CCU
INTO
TI-E
RUN/STOP SWITCH
LOCATION
ION
-INIT
IAL
ST
ATUS
REGISTER
- TAPE
READER
A
R~GISTER
AS
CHECK
rATA
F5LLOWS-O"'-R-'--'-S~T=--O-P-------
_FOlOWS
-SETTHE--
A REGISTER
P.IT 0
LEACER,GO
AODRESSF"CAG------
SHIFT
OF 4 IF
WORD
A G E-A C
ER
TO
XR2
INDEX
ADDRESS
IS
OFF,
FOLLOWING LOAD
MEMORY
ILAi'--=I-=O-:-:N--------
GATA'
DR"'E""S;,S::--.:P:--:OO""I""r-.-c-:T::-::E:--::Rc--------
INTO
tORE
COMPUTER
START( 643C78CO )
LOAD.
OR
_______________
DATA
.fROM
MODE,
INTERRUPY"
BIT
5
DELETE,CHK
TO
NEXT
LAST
FRA~EaF
ING
---
FOLLOwS
CO=--'~:!.:T=-R::-:O:--:L--
--S-WiTC-H---
THE
F~
BIT
FRAME
HALT
THE
-t
,,::t
mm
~(/)
%1."Z
0"
-tm
-t%l
0
_
00
~~
(/)'tI
O~
ZZ
-<
_Y_2_4_0_A_2_00_M_20_2
__
REV.
-=-
THE SINGER
KEARFOTT
COMPANY
DIVISION
3.5.3.1 Bootstrap Loading
1. Verify
that
Via
Memory Push buttons
memory interrupt has been enabled by setting
(STATUS). Data Indicator light 2 should be lit. If
Set an Enable Memory Interrupt (00800080)
I,
Depress STEP. Repeat
2.
Set
the
DISPLAY switch
3. Set the 18 right-most
to
DATA
above,
MEMORY
switches
to
4. Depress SET ADDRESS. The ADDRESS indicators
5.
Set the Instruction Switches
6. Depress
and
of
the
LOAD
the
ADDRESS indicators
the I nstruction Switches.
pushbutton. The contents
to
the contents
will
show what address received
078CO.
of
not
78CO
of
the
the
DISPLAY switch
in
the
Instruction Switches
will
display
as
shown
78CO.
in
Table
3.1.
Instruction Switches will be stored
the
current contents
to
ST
7.
Set
the
Instruction Switches
in
shown
Table 3.2.
Proceed with steps 6 and 7 until
8. To verify
toggle switches
pushbutton
that
the
to
78CO
is
depressed once,
DATA lights. Each succeeding EXAMINE switch actuation
display
set
the
contents
the
18 right-most DATA switches
ADDRESS switch. Set
the
depressing the
After loading
LOAD
is
complete, continue at 3.6.
pushbutton. Any
EXAMINE switch.
to
the
contents
the
Bootstrap has been completely loaded.
data entered into memory
and depress
of
the
the
new location. If it isnecessary to alter a displayed location,
INSTRUCTION switches
the
the
contents
of
these load values may be verified after entry, by
of
the
is
correct, set
SET ADDRESS pushbutton.
of
that
to
the desired address and depress
next memory location
the
18 right-most DATA
If
t~e
EXAMINE
location will be displayed on
will
advance
the
address and
the
to
the
new data value, and depress
the
SET
F4202·1
3-10
2/72
THE
SINGER
KEARFOTT
COMPANY
DIVISION
Y240A200M202
REV.
-
3.5.3.2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Manual
Set
Set
Set
Set
Set
Set
the
Setthe DATA switches
Depress
Set
Bootstrap Loading By
the PANEL
the computer
RUN
to
switch
STOP.
the DISPLAY switch
the MEM/PANEL
OPER
to
Load
to
ON.
A.
switch
the MEM/PANEL INST Switch
a
LDA~long
16
right-most INSTRUCTION switches.
the
(1400 HEX) into the
to
the
STEP
switch
once.
value
After executing this instruction,
the 16 left-most INSTRUCTION switches
and
Store Instructions From The
to
PANEL
to
16
for
this
OPER
(operand).
PANEL INST.
left-most INSTRUCTION switches.
address
for
setting
an
STA-Iong
Panel.
as
shown in Table 3.1.
the
computer will stop.
(3COO
HEX) instruction.
Set
78CO
in
10.
Set
the PANEL MODE-MEM/PANEL
II.
Depress
12.
To verify that the data entered into memory
to
. the
13.
Set the
the
STEP
an
LOA instruction.
address
setting
16
right-most INSTRUCTION switches
Bootstrap program.
14.
Repeat
steps
(6)
through (12) until the Bootstrap
3.6 PROGRAM LOADING
To load the Loader/Verifier
and
memory,
FREE
or
under the
the program tape
STOP)
read
with the RUBOUTS/DELETES (all
head~
OPER
button
on
or
to
store into memory the value last loaded from the panel.
Depressing
the
DATA
the
bank
other program, the Bootstrap Loader program must
set
to
be
read
at the
STEP
of
lights.
to
MEM.
is
correct,
reset
the INSTRUCTION switches
button will display the memory contents
for
the
next
address
has
been
loaded
High
Speed
holes)
that
Reader
precede
or
the
and
verified.
teletype
Load
called
for
be
loaded into
reader
in the
(set
data positioned
of
to
F4202·1
3-11
2/72
_Y_2_4_0_A.,....2
...
00_M_2_0_2_
1.
2.
REV.
-=-
Set the computer
Set the
HALT
switch
to
STOP.
to
ON.
THE
SINGER
KEARFOTT
COMPANY
DIVISION
3. Set the DISPLAY switch
4. The
5.
INSTRUCTION switches
Reset
the program counter by depressing the MASTER RESET pushbutton.
to
A (accumulator)
to
6. Set the PANEL MODE switches
7.
Toggle the RUN/STOP switch
checking
that the
8.
Set the MEMORY WRITE switches
9.
Set the
10.
Set the computer
run until
reader must
the computer
that
the corresponding bits illuminate on the I NSTRUCTION display, and verify
ADDRESS bits illuminate
two
PANEL MODE switches
to
RUN. The tape
it
reaches
be
the stop code at the
set
to
START and
After
halts.
loading
a JGU
to
and
78CO
(643078CO)
PANEL.
make
sure
that the JGU instruction
to
78CO.
to
ON
(if
loading
to
MEM.
unit
is
now activated. The High
end
of
it
will
continue
is
complete, continue at 3.5.1.
into
the tape
to
run and must
is
read
protected memory).
Speed
and
will then halt. The teletype
be
set
Reader
to
STOP when
in, by
will
F42021
3.7 LOADING ABSOLUTE FOCAP TAPE WITH THE
The procedure
except
for
program listing. To verify that the
is
tape
rewound and re-run after setting the appropriate PROGRAM SWITCHES. The tape
loaded must
positioned under the
The function
tapes
is
as
for
loading FOCAP format tape
the starting
be
positioned
of
the
follows.
address.
read
PROG
The appropriate
assembled
with
the RUBOUTS/DELETES (all holes),
head.
RAM SWITCHES
program
for
3-12
2/72
is
similar
START
has
loading
LOADER/VERIFIER
to
the
steps
outlined in paragraph 3.6
address
been
is
obtained in the Loader/Verifier
entered
into
that
and
verifying either odd or
precede the load data,
memory correctly, the
to
be
even
parity
THE SINGER COMPANY
KEARFOTT
DIVISION
_______
Y240A200M202
REV.
__
_
PROGRAM SWITCHES OFF
o
1
2
3.7.1 Load
1.
The format
characters required and permits
generated
2.
Six tape characters
shown in Table
Address frames only, by software.
3. There
a.
Tapes
Format
used
for
the paper tape memory load and verify minimizes the number
by
SKC2000 assembler/loader software.
are
3-1
is
used.
are
five control characters which
Code Delete (E1) - Ignored, may
LOAD
COUNT ERRORS
DATA
address
required
to
The eighth
It
ODD
define one 32-bit computer word. The tape format
bit
is
not
be
VERIFY
STOP
PARITY
and data words
is
used
for
checked
are
recognized by the loader/verifier:
used
for
tape loader.
to
parity. Parity
by
the
DATA
be
interspersed. This format
is
CCU
logic.
ON
ON
ERROR
EVEN
PARITY
checked in Data
of
is
and
b.
Address Following
c.
Data Following
(EO)
- Identifies the following data
(CO)
- Identifies the following data
d. Checksum Following (C2) -
e.
Stop Code (41) - I ndicates end
The
CPU
will
consider all words
it.
Data words
locations.
An
not
example
preceded
of
a programmed tape
as
Identifies the following data
of
the tape.
to
be
data
by
an
unless
address
an
Address Follows character precedes
will
be
loaded
is
shown in Table 3.3.
as
an
address.
a computer data word.
has
a checksum.
into
consecutive memory
F42021
3-13
2/72
Y240A200M202
REV.-=-
THE
SINGER
KEARFOTT
COMPANY
DIVISION
P
P Z
P
P
P
P
BitO:
Bit
31: Most Significant
X =
Z = No Hole =
H = Hole =
P = Parity
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Least Significant
Not
Used
"0"
"1"
TABLE
DATA
X X
29 28 27
23
17
11
5 4
22
16 15 14
10
AND
X X
21
9 8 7 6
3
3-2 TAPE FORMAT
ADDRESS FORMATS
31
26 25
20
""2
19
13
1 0
30
24 Tape Direction
18
12
H H
H
H
X H
X H
H
H
SPECIAL CHARACTERS
H
X X X X Z Address Follows
Z X X
H X
Z X
H X
X
X X X H Stop Code
X X X H Code Delete
X
X
X Z Data Follows
H Z Checksum Follows
F4202·1
3-14
2/72
THE
SINGER
KEARFOTT
COMPANY
DIVISION
Y240A200M202
REV.
__
_
TABLE 3-3 EXAMPLE
CHARACTER NUMBER
24232221
2019
18
17
16
o 0 0 0
0
0 0
0 o 0
Note:
"0"
represents a hole
Characters
1,
2; 3
in
the tape.
are
leader (all holes)
15 14
13
o o 0
000
0 0
0
0
OF
TAPE INTERPRETATION
12
11
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
000
000 000
0
000
..
X
XOO
000 000
0
0
000
000
000
000
000
o 0 0 0
0
Bit 1 LSB
Bit
2
Bit3
. Sprocket
Bit4
Bit
5
Bit6
MSB
Bit
7 Control
8 Parity
Bit
Bit
Bit
is
Character 4
A total
contain any holes. Character 5 represents the least significant digit,
most significant digit. The
Since the punch shifts the
address
7DF7 X2 = FBEE
Character
Characters 12 through 17
routine.
Scanning the bits
in character 12, the data represented in HEX
DATA
Address Follows
of
six frames (5 through 10) make up a
read
from the tape.
11
is
Data Follows
Hence
data
is
used
of
the most significant digit in characters 16
= 789BCDCF
(EO)
two
X's in character 7
address 1 bit
In
the
above
(CO)
is
the
DATA
as
it
is.
16
bit
address.
are
used
when a full 18
right before punching, the desired
example,
value. Unlike the
is:
it
is
address,
and
Characters 8 through 10 do
and
character 7 represents the
bit
data
17,
is
to
address
not
the
is
required.
address
shifted
least
is
by
significant digit
twice the
the punch
not
F4202·1
3-1'5
2/72
_Y_24_0_A_200_M_2_0_2_
REV
THE
.
~
SINGER
KEARFOTT
COMPANY
DIVISION
A variable amount
Character 23
is
the stop
of
OAT
code
A
can
follow before the next
(41).
address.
F4202-1
2/72
3-16
Loading...