Siemens SIPROTEC User Manual

SIPROTEC

Preface

Contents

Introduction 1 Functions 2

Line Differential Protection with Distance Protection 7SD5

V 4.70

Manual

Mounting and Commissioning 3 Technical Data 4 Appendix A

Literature

Glossary

Index

C53000-G1176-C169-5

Note

For safety purposes, please note instructions and warnings in the Preface.

Disclaimer of liability

We have checked the text of this manual against the hardware and software described. However, deviations from the description cannot be completely ruled out, so that no liability can be accepted for any errors or omissions contained in the information given.

The information given in this document is reviewed regularly and any necessary corrections will be included in subsequent editions.

Copyright

Dissemination or reproduction of this document, or evaluation and communication of its contents, is not authorized except where expressly permitted. Violations are liable for damages. All rights reserved, particularly for the purposes of patent application or trademark registration.

We appreciate any suggestions for improvement.

We reserve the right to make technical improvements without notice.

Document Version V04.70.01

Release date 02.2011

Registered Trademarks

SIPROTEC, SINAUT, SICAM and DIGSI are registered trademarks of Siemens AG. Other designations in this manual might be trademarks whose use by third parties for their own purposes would infringe the rights of the owner.

Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Order no.: C53000-G1176-C169-5

Preface

Purpose of this Manual

This manual describes the functions, operation, installation, and commissioning of devices 7SD5. In particular, one will find:

• Information regarding the configuration of the scope of the device and a description of the device functions

and settings → Chapter 2;

• Instructions for Installation and Commissioning → Chapter 3;

• Compilation of the Technical Data → Chapter 4;

• As well as a compilation of the most significant data for advanced users → Appendix A.

General information with regard to design, configuration, and operation of SIPROTEC 4 devices are set out in the SIPROTEC 4 System Description /1/.

T arget Audience

Protection engineers, commissioning engineers, personnel concerned with adjustment, checking, and service of selective protection equipment, automatic and control facilities, and personnel of electrical facilities and power plants.

Applicability of this Manual

This manual applies to: SIPROTEC 4 Line Differential Protection with Distance Protection 7SD5; firmware version V 4.70.

Indication of Conformity

This product complies with the directive of the Council of the European Communities on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC Council Directive 2004/108/EC) and concerning electrical equipment for use within specified voltage limits (Low-voltage directive 2006/95 EC). This conformity is proved by tests conducted by Siemens AG in accordance with the Council Directives in agreement with the generic standards EN61000-6-2 and EN 61000-6-4 for the EMC directive, and with the standard EN 60255-27 for the low-voltage directive. The device has been designed and produced for industrial use. The product conforms with the international standard of the series IEC 60255 and the German standard VDE 0435.

SIPROTEC, 7SD5, Manual C53000-G1176-C169-5, Release date 02.2011

Preface

Additional St andards IEEE Std C37.90 (see Chapter 4, Technical Data")

Additional Support

Should further information on the System SIPROTEC 4 be desired or should particular problems arise which are not covered sufficiently for the purchaser's purpose, the matter should be referred to the local Siemens representative.

Our Customer Support Center provides a 24-hour service.

Phone: +49 (180) 524-7000

Fax: +49 (180) 524-2471

E-mail: support.energy@siemens.com

Training Courses

Enquiries regarding individual training courses should be addressed to our Training Center:

Siemens AG

Siemens Power Academy TD

Humboldt Street 59

90459 Nuremberg

Phone: +49 (911) 433-7005

Fax: +49 (911) 433-7929

Internet: www.siemens.com/power-academy-td

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SIPROTEC, 7SD5, Manual

Safety Information

This manual does not constitute a complete index of all required safety measures for operation of the equipment (module, device), as special operational conditions may require additional measures. However, it comprises important information that should be noted for purposes of personal safety as well as avoiding material damage. Information that is highlighted by means of a warning triangle and according to the degree of danger, is illustrated as follows.

DANGER!

Danger indicates that death, severe personal injury or substantial material damage will result if proper precautions are not taken.

WARNING!

indicates that death, severe personal injury or substantial property damage may result if proper precautions are not taken.

Caution!

indicates that minor personal injury or property damage may result if proper precautions are not taken. This particularly applies to damage to or within the device itself and consequential damage thereof.

Preface

Note

indicates information on the device, handling of the device, or the respective part of the instruction manual which is important to be noted.

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Preface

WARNING!

Qualified Personnel

Commissioning and operation of the equipment (module, device) as set out in this manual may only be carried out by qualified personnel. Qualified personnel in terms of the technical safety information as set out in this manual are persons who are authorized to commission, activate, to ground and to designate devices, systems and electrical circuits in accordance with the safety standards.

Use as prescribed

The operational equipment (device, module) may only be used for such applications as set out in the catalogue and the technical description, and only in combination with third-party equipment recommended or approved by Siemens.

The successful and safe operation of the device is dependent on proper handling, storage, installation, operation, and maintenance.

When operating an electrical equipment, certain parts of the device are inevitably subject to dangerous voltage. Severe personal injury or property damage may result if the device is not handled properly.

Before any connections are made, the device must be grounded to the ground terminal.

All circuit components connected to the voltage supply may be subject to dangerous voltage.

Dangerous voltage may be present in the device even after the power supply voltage has been removed (capacitors can still be charged).

Operational equipment with open circuited current transformer circuits may not be operated.

The limit values as specified in this manual or in the operating instructions may not be exceeded. This aspect must also be observed during testing and commissioning.

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T ypographic and Symbol Conventions

The following text formats are used when literal information from the device or to the device appear in the text flow:

Parameter Names

Designators of configuration or function parameters which may appear word-for-word in the display of the device or on the screen of a personal computer (with operation software DIGSI), are marked in bold letters in monospace type style. The same applies to titles of menus.

1,234A

Parameter addresses have the same character style as parameter names. Parameter addresses contain the suffix A in the overview tables if the parameter can only be set in DIGSI via the option Display additional set- tings.

Parameter Options

Possible settings of text parameters, which may appear word-for-word in the display of the device or on the screen of a personal computer (with operation software DIGSI), are additionally written in italics. The same applies to the options of the menus.

„Messages“

Designators for information, which may be output by the relay or required from other devices or from the switch gear, are marked in a monospace type style in quotation marks.

Preface

Deviations may be permitted in drawings and tables when the type of designator can be obviously derived from the illustration.

The following symbols are used in drawings:

Device-internal logical input signal

Device-internal logical output signal

Internal input signal of an analog quantity

External binary input signal with number (binary input, input indication)

External binary output signal with number (example of a value indication)

External binary output signal with number (device indication) used as input signal

Example of a parameter switch designated FUNCTION with address 1234 and the possible settings ON and OFF

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Preface

Besides these, graphical symbols are used in accordance with IEC 60617-12 and IEC 60617-13 or similar. Some of the most frequently used are listed below:

Analog input values

AND-gate operation of input values

OR-gate operation of input values

Exclusive OR gate (antivalence): output is active, if only one of the inputs is active

Coincidence gate: output is active, if both inputs are active or inactive at the same time

Dynamic inputs (edge-triggered) above with positive, below with negative edge

Formation of one analog output signal from a number of analog input signals

Limit stage with setting address and parameter designator (name)

Timer (pickup delay T, example adjustable) with setting address and parameter designator (name)

Timer (dropout delay T, example non-adjustable)

Dynamic triggered pulse timer T (monoflop)

Static memory (RS-flipflop) with setting input (S), resetting input (R), output (Q) and inverted output (Q

)

■

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1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

1.1 Overall Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

1.2 Application Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

1.3 Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

2 Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

2.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

2.1.1 Functional Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

2.1.1.1 Configuration of the Scope of Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

2.1.1.2 Control of the Main Protection Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

2.1.1.3 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

2.1.1.4 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

2.1.2 General Power System Data (Power System Data 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

2.1.2.1 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

2.1.2.2 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

2.1.3 Change Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

2.1.3.1 Purpose of the Setting Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

2.1.3.2 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

2.1.3.3 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

2.1.3.4 Information List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

2.1.4 General Protection Data (Power System Data 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

2.1.4.1 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

2.1.4.2 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68

2.1.4.3 Information List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

2.2 Protection Data Interfaces and Protection Data Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

2.2.1 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

2.2.1.1 Protection Data Topology / Protection Data Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

2.2.2 Operating Modes of the Differential Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79

2.2.2.1 Mode: Log Out Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79

2.2.2.2 Differential Protection Test Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81

2.2.2.3 Differential Protection Commissioning Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83

2.2.3 Protection Data Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84

2.2.3.1 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84

2.2.3.2 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

2.2.3.3 Information List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89

2.2.4 Differential Protection Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90

2.2.4.1 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90

2.2.4.2 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92

2.2.4.3 Information List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92

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Contents

2.3 Differential Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

2.3.1 Functional Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

2.3.2 Setting Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

2.3.3 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

2.3.4 Information List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

2.4 Breaker Intertrip and Remote Tripping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

2.4.1 Functional Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

2.4.2 Setting Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

2.4.3 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

2.4.4 Information List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

2.5 Distance Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

2.5.1 Distance Protection, General Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

2.5.1.1 Earth Fault Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

2.5.1.2 Pickup (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

2.5.1.3 Calculation of the Impedances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

2.5.1.4 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

2.5.1.5 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

2.5.1.6 Information List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

2.5.2 Distance Protection with Quadrilateral Characteristic (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

2.5.2.1 Method of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

2.5.2.2 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

2.5.2.3 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

2.5.3 Distance Protection with MHO Characteristic (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

2.5.3.1 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

2.5.3.2 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

2.5.3.3 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

2.5.4 Tripping Logic of the Distance Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

2.5.4.1 Method of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

2.5.4.2 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

2.6 Power Swing Detection (optional). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

2.6.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

2.6.2 Method of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

2.6.3 Setting Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

2.6.4 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

2.6.5 Information List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

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Contents

2.7 Teleprotection for Distance Protection (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187

2.7.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187

2.7.2 Method of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188

2.7.3 PUTT (Pickup) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189

2.7.4 Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip with Zone Acceleration Z1B (PUTT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191

2.7.5 Direct Underreach Transfer Trip. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193

2.7.6 Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip (POTT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194

2.7.7 Directional Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197

2.7.8 Unblocking Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199

2.7.9 Blocking Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203

2.7.10 Pilot Wire Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206

2.7.11 Reverse Interlocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209

2.7.12 Transient Blocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210

2.7.13 Measures for Weak or Zero Infeed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211

2.7.14 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212

2.7.15 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215

2.7.16 Information List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215

2.8 Earth Fault Protection in Earthed Systems (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217

2.8.1 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217

2.8.2 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234

2.8.3 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244

2.8.4 Information List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248

2.9 Teleprotection for Earth Fault Protection (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249

2.9.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249

2.9.2 Directional Comparison Pickup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250

2.9.3 Directional Unblocking Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253

2.9.4 Directional Blocking Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257

2.9.5 Transient Blocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259

2.9.6 Measures for Weak or Zero Infeed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260

2.9.7 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261

2.9.8 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263

2.9.9 Information List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264

2.10 Restricted Earth Fault Protection (optional). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265

2.10.1 Application Examples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265

2.10.2 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266

2.10.3 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271

2.10.4 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

2.10.5 Information List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

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2.11 Measures for Weak and Zero Infeed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

2.11.1 Echo Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

2.11.1.1 Function Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

2.11.2 Classical Tripping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

2.11.2.1 Method of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

2.11.2.2 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

2.11.3 Tripping According to French Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

2.11.3.1 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

2.11.3.2 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

2.11.4 Tables on Classical Tripping and Tripping according to French Specification) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

2.11.4.1 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

2.11.4.2 Information List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

2.12 Direct Local Trip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

2.12.1 Functional Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

2.12.2 Setting Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

2.12.3 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

2.12.4 Information List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

2.13 Transmission of Binary Commands and Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

2.13.1 Functional Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

2.13.2 Information List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

2.14 Instantaneous High-Current Switch-onto-Fault Protection (SOTF). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

2.14.1 Functional Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

2.14.2 Setting Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

2.14.3 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

2.14.4 Information List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

2.15 Sensitive Earth Flt.(comp/ isol. starp.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

2.15.1 Method of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

2.15.2 Setting Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

2.15.3 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

2.15.4 Information List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

2.16 Backup Time Overcurrent Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

2.16.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

2.16.2 Functional Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

2.16.3 Setting Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

2.16.4 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

2.16.5 Information List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

2.17 Automatic Reclosure Function (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

2.17.1 Functional Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

2.17.2 Setting Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

2.17.3 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

2.17.4 Information List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

2.18 Synchronism and Voltage Check (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

2.18.1 Method of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

2.18.2 Setting Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354

2.18.3 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358

2.18.4 Information List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

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Contents

2.19 Undervoltage and Overvoltage Protection (optional). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .361

2.19.1 Overvoltage protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .361

2.19.2 Undervoltage protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368

2.19.3 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .372

2.19.4 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .376

2.19.5 Information List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .378

2.20 Frequency Protection (optional). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .381

2.20.1 Method of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .381

2.20.2 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .384

2.20.3 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385

2.20.4 Information List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .386

2.21 Fault Locator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .387

2.21.1 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .387

2.21.2 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391

2.21.3 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .394

2.21.4 Information List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .395

2.22 Circuit Breaker Failure Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .396

2.22.1 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .396

2.22.2 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408

2.22.3 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .412

2.22.4 Information List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .413

2.23 Thermal Overload Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414

2.23.1 Method of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414

2.23.2 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415

2.23.3 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .417

2.23.4 Information List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .417

2.24 Monitoring Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418

2.24.1 Measurement Supervision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418

2.24.1.1 Hardware Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418

2.24.1.2 Software Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420

2.24.1.3 Measurement Circuit Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420

2.24.1.4 Monitoring the Phase Angle of the Positive Sequence Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .429

2.24.1.5 Fault Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .432

2.24.1.6 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .435

2.24.1.7 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .437

2.24.1.8 Information List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438

2.24.2 Trip Circuit Supervision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .439

2.24.2.1 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .439

2.24.2.2 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442

2.24.2.3 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442

2.24.2.4 Information List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442

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2.25 Function Control and Circuit Breaker Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

2.25.1 Function Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

2.25.1.1 Line Energization Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

2.25.1.2 Detection of the Circuit Breaker Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447

2.25.1.3 Open Pole Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

2.25.1.4 Pickup Logic of the Entire Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

2.25.1.5 Tripping Logic of the Entire Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452

2.25.2 Circuit Breaker Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457

2.25.2.1 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457

2.25.2.2 Information List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458

2.25.3 Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459

2.25.3.1 Command-Dependent Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459

2.25.3.2 Switching Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

2.25.3.3 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

2.25.3.4 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

2.25.3.5 Information List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

2.25.4 EN100-Modul 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

2.25.4.1 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

2.25.4.2 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

2.25.4.3 Information List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

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2.26 Additional Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .464

2.26.1 Commissioning Aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .464

2.26.1.1 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .464

2.26.1.2 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .466

2.26.2 Processing of Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467

2.26.2.1 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467

2.26.3 Statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .470

2.26.3.1 Function Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .470

2.26.3.2 Information List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471

2.26.4 Measurement During Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .472

2.26.4.1 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .472

2.26.4.2 Information List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .474

2.26.5 Differential Protection Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .476

2.26.5.1 Measured Values of the Differential Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .476

2.26.5.2 Information List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .476

2.26.6 Measured Values Constellation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .477

2.26.6.1 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .477

2.26.7 Oscillographic Fault Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478

2.26.7.1 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478

2.26.7.2 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478

2.26.7.3 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .479

2.26.7.4 Information List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .479

2.26.8 Demand Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .480

2.26.8.1 Long-Term Average Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .480

2.26.8.2 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .480

2.26.8.3 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .480

2.26.8.4 Information List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .481

2.26.9 Min/Max Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .481

2.26.9.1 Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .481

2.26.9.2 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .481

2.26.9.3 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .481

2.26.9.4 Information List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .482

2.26.10 Set Points (Measured Values) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .483

2.26.10.1 Limit value monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .484

2.26.10.2 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .484

2.26.10.3 Information List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .484

2.26.11 Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .485

2.26.11.1 Energy Metering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .485

2.26.11.2 Setting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .485

2.26.11.3 Information List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .485

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2.27 Command Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486

2.27.1 Control Authorization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486

2.27.1.1 Type of Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486

2.27.1.2 Sequence in the Command Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .487

2.27.1.3 Interlocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488

2.27.1.4 Information List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490

2.27.2 Control Device. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491

2.27.2.1 Information List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491

2.27.3 Process Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492

2.27.3.1 Method of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492

2.27.3.2 Information List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493

2.27.4 Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493

2.27.4.1 Information List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493

3 Mounting and Commissioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495

3.1 Mounting and Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496

3.1.1 Configuration Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496

3.1.2 Hardware Modifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501

3.1.2.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501

3.1.2.2 Disassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503

3.1.2.3 Switching Elements on Printed Circuit Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506

3.1.2.4 Interface Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517

3.1.2.5 Reassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521

3.1.3 Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521

3.1.3.1 Panel Flush Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521

3.1.3.2 Rack Mounting and Cubicle Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523

3.1.3.3 Panel Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524

3.2 Checking Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525

3.2.1 Checking the data connection of the serial interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525

3.2.2 Checking the Protection Data Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528

3.2.3 Checking the System Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529

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3.3 Commissioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .531

3.3.1 Test Mode / Transmission Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .532

3.3.2 Checking Time Synchronisation Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .532

3.3.3 Testing the System Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .533

3.3.4 Checking the switching states of the binary Inputs/Outputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .535

3.3.5 Checking the Protection Data Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .538

3.3.6 Checking for Breaker Failure Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .545

3.3.7 Checking the Instrument Transformer Connections of One Line End . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .547

3.3.8 Checking the Transformer Connections with Two Line Ends. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548

3.3.9 Checking the Instrument Transformer Connections for More than Two Ends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .558

3.3.10 Measuring the Operating Time of the Circuit Breaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .558

3.3.11 Checking the Teleprotection System with Distance Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .559

3.3.12 Testing of the Teleprotection System with Earth-fault Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .562

3.3.13 Check of the Signal Transmission for Breaker Failure Protection and/or End Fault Protection . . .564

3.3.14 Check of the Signal Transmission for Internal and External Remote Tripping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .564

3.3.15 Testing User-defined Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .564

3.3.16 Trip and Close Test with the Circuit Breaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .565

3.3.17 Switching Test of the Configured Operating Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .565

3.3.18 Triggering Oscillographic Recording for Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .566

3.4 Final Preparation of the Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .567

4 Technical Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .569

4.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .571

4.1.1 Analog Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .571

4.1.2 Auxiliary Voltage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .572

4.1.3 Binary Inputs and Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .573

4.1.4 Communications Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .575

4.1.5 Electrical Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .579

4.1.6 Mechanical Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .581

4.1.7 Climatic Stress Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .582

4.1.8 Deployment Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .582

4.1.9 Certifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .583

4.1.10 Mechanical Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .583

4.2 Protection Data Interfaces and differential protection topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .584

4.3 Differential Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .588

4.4 Restricted Earth Fault Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .590

4.5 Breaker Intertrip and Remote Tripping- Direct Local Trip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .591

4.6 Distance Protection (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .592

4.7 Power Swing Detection (with impedance pickup) (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .596

4.8 Teleprotection for Distance Protection (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .597

4.9 Earth Fault Protection in Earthed Systems (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .598

4.10 Teleprotection for Earth Fault Protection (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608

4.11 Weak Infeed Tripping (classical/optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .609

4.12 Weak Infeed Tripping (French Specification/optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .610

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Contents

4.13 Direct Remote Trip and Transmission of Binary Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611

4.14 Instantaneous High-Current Switch-onto-Fault Protection (SOTF). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612

4.15 Earth fault detection in a non-earthed system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613

4.16 Backup Time Overcurrent Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614

4.17 Automatic Reclosure Function (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617

4.18 Synchronism and Voltage Check (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618

4.19 Undervoltage and Overvoltage Protection (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .620

4.20 Frequency Protection (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623

4.21 Fault Locator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624

4.22 Circuit Breaker Failure Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625

4.23 Thermal Overload Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626

4.24 Monitoring Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628

4.25 User-defined Functions (CFC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630

4.26 Additional Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634

4.27 Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637

4.27.1 Panel Flush Mounting and Cubicle Mounting (Size

4.27.2 Panel Flush Mounting and Cubicle Mounting (Size

4.27.3 Panel Surface Mounting (Housing Size

4.27.4 Panel Surface Mounting (Housing Size

/2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639

/1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639

/2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637

/1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638

A Appendix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .641

A.1 Ordering Information and Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642

A.1.1 Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642

A.1.1.1 Ordering Code (MLFB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642

A.1.2 Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648

A.2 Terminal Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652

A.2.1 Panel Flush Mounting or Cubicle Mounting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .652

A.2.2 Panel Surface Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659

A.3 Connection Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666

A.3.1 Current Transformer Connection Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666

A.3.2 Voltage Transformer Connection Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671

A.4 Default Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674

A.4.1 LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674

A.4.2 Binary Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675

A.4.3 Binary Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676

A.4.4 Function Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676

A.4.5 Default Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677

A.4.6 Pre-defined CFC Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680

A.5 Protocol-dependent Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681

A.6 Functional Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682

A.7 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685

A.8 Information List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706

A.9 Group Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746

A.10 Measured Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747

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Contents

Literature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .755

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .757

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .769

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Contents

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SIPROTEC, 7SD5, Manual

Introduction 1

The Line Differential Protection with Distance Protection SIPROTEC 4 7SD5 is introduced in this chapter. You are provided with an overview of the field of application, characteristics, and functional scope of the device 7SD5.

1.1 Overall Operation 22

1.2 Application Scope 25

1.3 Characteristics 28

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Introduction

1.1 Overall Operation

The SIPROTEC 4 7SD5 line protection is equipped with a powerful microprocessor system. This provides fully digital processing of all functions in the device, from the acquisition of the measured values to the output of commands to the circuit breakers, as well as the exchange of measured data with the other ends of the protected area. Figure 1-1 shows the basic structure of the device.

Analog inputs

The measuring inputs (MI) transform the currents and voltages from the instrument transformers and match them to the internal signal levels for processing in the device. The device has 4 current and 4 voltage inputs. Three current inputs are provided for the input of the phase currents, a further input (I the earth current (current transformer starpoint or separate earth current transformer), the earth current of a parallel line (for parallel line compensation) or the starpoint current of a source transformer (for earth fault direction determination, restricted earth fault protection).

) can be used to measure

Figure 1-1 Hardware structure of the line differential protection 7SD5

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One voltage input is provided for each phase-earth voltage. The connection of voltage transformers is not required for the differential protection, but for using the distance protection and other ancillary functions. A further voltage input (U nism and voltage check) or any other voltage U to the IA input amplifier group.

The input amplifier group IA provides high-resistance termination for the input quantities. It contains filters that are optimized with regard to bandwidth and processing speed.

The AD analog digital converter group contains analog/digital converters and memory chips for data transfer to the microcomputer system.

Microcomputer system

Apart from processing the measured values, the microcomputer system µC also executes the actual protection and control functions consisting of:

• Filtering and conditioning of the measured signals

• Continuous monitoring of the measured signals

• Monitoring of the pickup conditions of the individual protection functions

• Formation of the local differential protection values (phasor analysis and charge current computation) and creation of the transmission protocol

• Decoding of the received transmission protocol, synchronisation of the differential protection values and summing up of the differential currents and charge currents

• monitoring of the communication with the other devices of the line protection system

• Interrogation of threshold values and time sequences

• Processing of signals for the logic functions

• Decisions for trip and close commands

• Recording messages, fault data and fault values for analysis

• Operating system and related function management such as, e.g., data recording, real-time clock, communication, interfaces, etc.

Introduction

1.1 Overall Operation

) can optionally be used to measure the displacement voltage, a busbar voltage (for synchro-

(for overvoltage protection). The analog values are transferred

The information is provided via output amplifier OA.

Binary Inputs and Outputs

The microcomputer system obtains external information through binary inputs such as remote resetting or blocking commands for protection functions. The computer system obtains the information from the system (e.g remote resetting) or the external equipment (e.g. blocking commands). Outputs include, in particular, trip commands to circuit breakers and signals for remote annunciation of important events and conditions.

Front Elements

LEDs and an LC display provide information on the function of the device and indicate events, states and measured values.

Integrated control and numeric keys in conjunction with the LCD facilitate local communication with the device. Thus, all information of the device, e.g. configuration and setting parameters, operating and fault messages, and measured values can be retrieved or changed (see also chapter 2 and SIPROTEC 4 System Description).

Devices with control functions also allow control of switchgear from the front panel.

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Introduction

1.1 Overall Operation

Serial Interfaces

A personal computer running the DIGSI software can be connected to the serial operator interface (PC port) on the front panel. This permits convenient operation of all functions of the device.

The serial service interface suited for dedicated connection of the devices to the PC or for operation via a modem.

All device data can be transferred to a central master or main control system through the serial system (SCADA) interface. This interface may be provided with various protocols and physical transmission modes to suit the particular application.

A further port is provided for the time synchronisation

The operator or service interface allows the communication with the devices at all ends of the protected object during commissioning, checking and also during operation using a standard browser via a communication network This function is supported by a comprehensive „WEB Monitor“ which has been optimised especially for the line protection system.

Protection data interfaces

The protection data interfaces are a particular case. Depending on the model, there are one or two protection data interfaces available. Via these interfaces the measured value data of each end of the protected object is transmitted to other ends; during this procedure measured values already received from another end may also be added. Further information such as closing the local circuit breaker, pickup of the inrush restraint as well as other external trip commands coupled via binary inputs or binary information can be transmitted to other ends via the protection data interfaces.

Power Supply

These described functional units are supplied by a current supply PS with the necessary power in the different voltage levels. Brief supply voltage dips which may occur on short circuits in the auxiliary voltage supply of the devices are usually bridged by a capacitor (see also Technical Data, Chapter 4.1).

can also be used for communication with a PC using DIGSI. This is especially

of the internal clock via external synchronisation sources.

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1.2 Application Scope

The SIPROTEC 4 7SD5 line protection is a protection relay that combines differential and distance protection. A multi-end fault locator allows to precisely locate faults in two-end lines, even in case of unfavourable operating or fault conditions.

The combined line protection is a selective short-circuit protection for overhead lines and cables with singleand multi-ended infeeds in radial, ring or any type of meshed systems of any voltage level. Measuring data are compared separately for each phase. The network neutral can be earthed, compensated or isolated.

The device incorporates the functions which are normally required for the protection of an overhead line feeder and is therefore capable of universal application. It may also be applied as time graded back-up protection to all types of comparison protection schemes used on lines, transformers, generators, motors and busbars of all voltage levels.

The inrush current restraint also allows the application of the 7SD5 even if a power transformer is situated within the protected zone (ordering option) whose starpoint(s) might also be isolated, earthed or provided with a Petersen coil.

A major advantage of the differential protection principle is the instantaneous tripping in the event of a shortcircuit at any point within the entire protected zone. The current transformers limit the protected zone at the ends towards the remaining system. This rigid limit is the reason why the differential protection scheme shows such an ideal selectivity.

Introduction

1.2 Application Scope

The line protection system requires a 7SD5 device as well as a set of current transformers at either end of the protected zone.

Voltage transformers are required if protection functions requiring a voltage measurement (e.g. distance protection, fault locator) are used in addition to the differential protection. They are also needed for the acquisition and display of measured values (voltages, power, power factor).

The devices located at the ends of the protected zone exchange measuring information via protection data interfaces using dedicated communication links (usually fibre optic cables) or a communication network, provided that they operate with differential protection. The distance protection can exchange measuring information via teleprotection functions with conventional connections (contacts), or transmit it through fast command channels on the protection data interfaces (can be configured with DIGSI). Two type 7SD5 devices can be used for a protected object with two ends: Cables, overhead line or both, even with transformer in the protected zone (order variant). With type 7SD5 protected objects having 3 (three-terminal lines) or more ends can be protected in addition to two-end lines, also with or without unit-connected transformer(s) (order variant). A maximum of 6 ends can be covered, which means that smaller busbar arrangements can also be protected. For each end a 7SD5*3 is used. If you set up a communication chain between more than two devices, 7SD5*2 can also be used at the ends of the chain. For more information please refer to Section 2.2.1.

The protection data communication can be set up as a ring. This enables redundant operation in the event that one communication line fails; the devices will automatically find the remaining healthy communication lines. But even with two ends, the communication can be doubled to create redundancies.

Since fault-free data transmission is the prerequisite for the proper operation of the differential protection, it is continuously monitored internally.

In the event of a communication failure, if there is no backup channel available, the devices can automatically be switched to the second main protection function, i.e. distance protection, or to emergency operation using an integrated time overcurrent protection, until communication is restored.

The communication can be used for transmitting further information. Apart from measured values, the transmission of binary commands or other information is also possible.

Alternatively the distance protection can be used as backup protection, just as the time overcurrent protection can be used as backup time overcurrent protection, i.e. both operate independently and in parallel to the differential protection at each end.

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Introduction

1.2 Application Scope

Protection functions

Generally speaking, two basic functions are available in the 7SD5 line protection relay, namely differential and distance protection. One of the protection functions can be configured at a time as the main protection function (Main1). As an alternative, differential protection can be selected as the main protection function, and distance protection as backup protection (Main2).

Recognition of short-circuits in the protection zone is the basic function of the differential protection. Also highresistance faults with small currents can be recognized. Even complex multiphase faults are precisely detected, as the measured values are evaluated separately for each phase. The protection system is restrained against inrush currents of power transformers. When switching onto a fault at any point of a line, an undelayed trip signal can be emitted.

The basic function of the distance protection is the recognition of the fault distance by distance measurement. In particular for complex multiphase faults, the distance measurement is of a multi-circuit design. Different pickup schemes enable a good adaptation to system conditions and user philosophy. The system starpoint can be isolated, compensated or earthed (with or without earth current limiting). Application is possible on long, high-loaded lines with or without serial compensation. The distance protection may be supplemented by teleprotection using various signal transmission schemes (for fast tripping on 100 % of the line length). In addition, an earth fault protection (for high-resistance earth faults, order variant) is available, which may be directional, non-directional and additionally with signal transmission. On lines with weak or no infeed at one line end, it is possible to achieve fast tripping at both line ends by means of the signal transmission schemes. When switching onto a fault at any point of a line, an undelayed trip signal can be emitted.

The integrated time overcurrent protection can be configured as a permanent backup protection at all line ends, or as a protection for emergency operation. Emergency operation is a state in which the differential protection cannot operate, for example because of a communication failure, and in which no parallel distance protection is available (e.g. because of a measuring voltage failure). The time overcurrent protection has three definite time overcurrent stages and one inverse time stage; a number of characteristics according to various standards is available for the inverse time stage.

Depending on the order variant, the short-circuit protection functions can also trip single-pole. They may cooperate with an integrated automatic reclosure function (optionally) with which single-pole, three-pole or singleand three-pole automatic reclosure as well as multi-shot automatic reclosure are possible on overhead lines. Before reclosure after three-pole tripping, the validity of the reclosure can be checked by voltage and/or synchronism check by the device (can be ordered optionally). It is possible to connect an external automatic reclosure function and/or synchronism check as well as double protection with one or two automatic reclosure functions.

In addition to the short-circuit protection functions mentioned, other protection functions are possible. A thermal overload protection has been integrated which protects in particular cables and power transformers from undue overheating due to overload. Other possible functions are multi-stage overvoltage, undervoltage and frequency protection, circuit breaker failure protection and protection against the effects of power swings (simultaneously active as power swing blocking for the distance protection) and earth fault differential protection (ordering option). To rapidly locate the damage to the line after a short-circuit, a multi-end fault locator is integrated which also may compensate the influence of parallel lines, and of the fault resistance when power is flowing in the line.

Control Functions

The device is equipped with control functions which operate, close and open, switchgear devices via control keys, the system interface, binary inputs and a PC with DIGSI software. The status of the primary equipment can be transmitted to the device via auxiliary contacts connected to binary inputs. The present status (or position) of the primary equipment can be displayed on the device, and used for interlocking or plausibility monitoring. The number of the devices to be switched is limited by the binary inputs and outputs available in the device or the binary inputs and outputs allocated for the switch position feedbacks. Depending on the mode of operation, one binary input (single point indication) or two binary inputs (double point indication) can be used. The capability of switching primary equipment can be restricted by appropriate settings for the switching authority (remote or local), and by the operating mode (interlocked/non-interlocked, with or without password validation).

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Interlocking conditions for switching (e.g. switchgear interlocking) can be established using the integrated userdefined logic.

Indications and measured values; fault recording

The operational indications provide information about conditions in the power system and the device. Measurement quantities and values that are calculated can be displayed locally and communicated via the serial interfaces.

Device messages can be assigned to a number of LEDs on the front panel (programmable), can be externally processed via output contacts (programmable), linked with user-definable logic functions and/or issued via serial interfaces (see Communication below).

During a fault (system fault) important events and changes in conditions are saved in fault logs. Instantaneous fault values are also saved in the device and may be analysed at a later time.

As a special feature the values are synchronized between the line terminals via the communication link.

Communication

Serial interfaces are available for the communication with operating, control and memory systems.

A 9-pin DSUB socket on the front panel is used for local communication with a personal computer. By means of the SIPROTEC 4 operating software DIGSI, all operational and evaluation tasks can be executed via this operator

interface, such as specifying and modifying configuration parameters and settings, configuring userspecific logic functions, retrieving operational and fault messages and measured values, reading out and displaying fault recordings, inquiring device conditions and measured values, issuing control commands.

Introduction

1.2 Application Scope

To establish an extensive communication with other digital operating, control and memory components the device may be provided with further interfaces depending on the order variant.

The service interface

can be operated via the RS232 or RS485 interface and also allows communication via modem. For this reason, remote operation is possible via PC and the DIGSI operating software, e.g. to operate several devices via a central PC.

The system

interface is used for central communication between the device and a control center. It can be operated through the RS232, the RS485 or the FO port. Several standardized protocols are available for data transmission. An EN 100 module allows integrating the devices into 100 MBit Ethernet communication networks of the process control and automation system, using IEC 61850 protocols. In parallel to the link with the process control and automation system, this interface can also handle DIGSI communication and inter-relay communication using GOOSE messaging.

Another interface is provided for the time synchronization

of the internal clock via external synchronization

sources (IRIG-B or DCF77).

Other interfaces provide for communication between the devices at the ends of the protected object. These protection data interfaces

have been mentioned above in the protection functions.

The operator or service interface allows to operate the device remotely or locally using a standard browser. This is possible during commissioning, checking and also during operation with the devices at all ends of the protected object via a communication network. For this purpose, a „WEB Monitor“ is provided, which has been optimised specially for the differential protection system, but which has also been upgraded to meet the distance protection requirements.

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Introduction

1.3 Characteristics

General Features

• Powerful 32-bit microprocessor system

• Complete digital processing of measured values and control, from the digitzing of the analog input values, the processing and organization of the communication between devices up to the closing and tripping commands to the circuit breakers

• Complete galvanic separation and interference immunity of the internal processing circuits from the measurement, control, and power supply circuits by analog input transducers, binary inputs and outputs and the DC/DC or AC/DC converters

• Suited for lines with up to 6 ends, even with transformers in the protected zone (order option)

• Simple device operation using the integrated operator panel or a connected personal computer with operator guidance

• Storage of fault indications and instantaneous values for fault recording

Differential protection

• Differential protection for up to 6 ends with digital protection data transmission

• Protection for all types of short-circuits in systems with any neutral-point treatment conditioning

• Reliable differentiation between load and fault conditions also in high-resistant, current-weak faults by adaptive measuring procedures

• High sensitivity in case of weakly loaded system, extreme stability against load jumps and power swings

• Phase-selective measurement ensures that the pickup sensitivity is independent of the fault type

• Suited for transformers in the protected zone (order variant)

• Detection of high-resistance, weak-current faults due to high sensitivity of the protection functions

• Insensitive to inrush and charging currents – also for transformers in the protected zone – and to higherfrequency transient processes

• Charging current compensation; therefore increased pickup sensitivity

• High stability also for different current transformer saturation

• Adaptive stabilisation that is automatically derived from the measured quantities and the configured current transformer data

• Fast, phase segregated tripping also on weak or zero infeed ends (breaker intertrip)

• Low dependence on frequency

• Digital protection data transmission; communication between devices via dedicated communication links (in general optical fibre) or a communication system

• Communication possible via a single copper wire pair (typically 8 km, max. up to 30 km, depending on cable type used)

• Synchronization via GPS possible, resulting in automatic correction of transmission time differences thus increasing once more the sensitivity

• Permanent monitoring of the protection data transmission concerning disturbance, failure or transfer time deviations in the transmission network with automatic transfer time correction

• Automatic changeover of the communication paths possible in case of transmission failure or transmission disturbance

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• Phase segregated tripping possible (for operation with single-pole or single-and three-pole auto-reclosure) (order variant)

Distance Protection (optional)

• Can be used either to operate in parallel to differential protection, or as the main protection function

• Protection for all types of faults in systems with earthed, compensated or isolated starpoint

• Selectable polygonal tripping characteristic or MHO characteristic

• Possibility to choose between Z pickup, I>-, U/I- or U/I/ϕ pickup, enabling the adaptation to different system conditions and the user philosophies

• Reliable differentiation between load and fault conditions also on long, high-load lines

• High sensitivity in the case of a lightly loaded system, extreme stability against load jumps and power swings

• Optimum adaptation to the line parameters by means of the tripping characteristic with diverse configuration parameters and „load trapezoid“ (elimination of the possible load impedances)

• Six measuring systems for each distance zone

• Six distance zones, selectable in forward or reverse direction or non-directional, one can be graded as an overreach zone

Introduction

1.3 Characteristics

• Nine time stages for the distance zones

• Direction determination (with polygon) or polarization (with MHO characteristic) is done with unfaulted loop voltages and voltage memory, thereby achieving unlimited directional sensitivity not affected by capacitive voltage transformer transients

• Suitable for lines with serial compensation

• Insensitive to current transformer saturation

• Compensation of the influence of parallel line is possible

• Shortest command time significantly less than one cycle

• Phase-selective tripping (in conjunction with single-pole or single- and three-pole auto-reclosure) possible

• Instantaneous tripping following switching onto a fault is possible

• Two setting pairs for earth impedance compensation

Power Swing Supplement (optional)

• Power swing detection with dZ/dt measurement from three measuring systems

• Power swing detection up to 10 Hz swing frequency

• Remains in service also during single-pole dead times

• settable power swing programs

• prevention of undesired tripping by the distance protection during power swings

• Tripping for out-of-step conditions can be configured

SIPROTEC, 7SD5, Manual C53000-G1176-C169-5, Release date 02.2011

Introduction

1.3 Characteristics

Teleprotection Supplement (optional)

• Different schemes which may be set:

• Transfer trip (direct, via pickup or a separately settable overreach zone)

• Comparison schemes (permissible overreach transfer trip = POTT or blocking schemes with separate overreach zone or directional pickup)

• Pilot wire comparison/reverse interlocking (with direct current for local connections or extremely short lines)

• suitable for lines with two or three ends

• Phase segregated transmission possible in lines with two ends

• Signal exchange between the devices via binary outputs and binary inputs, either directly via the device contacts or via the protection data interface(s)

Earth Fault Protection (optional)

• Time overcurrent protection with a maximum of three definite time stages (DT) and one inverse time stage (IDMT) for high resistance earth faults in earthed systems

• For inverse-time overcurrent protection a selection from various characteristics based on several standards is possible

• The inverse time stage can also be set as fourth definite time stage

• High sensitivity (from 3 mA on, depending on the version)

• Phase current restraint against error currents during current transformer saturation

• Second harmonic inrush restraint

• Optional earth fault protection with voltage-dependent tripping time or with zero sequence power inverse time tripping

• Each stage can be set to be non-directional or directional in forward or reverse direction

• Single-pole tripping enabled by integrated phase selector

• Direction determination with automatic selection of the larger of zero sequence voltage or negative sequence voltage (U

, IY or U2), with zero sequence system quantities (I0, U0), with zero sequence current and

transformer starpoint current (I power (3I

· 3U0)

• One or more stages may function in conjunction with a teleprotection scheme; also suited for lines with three ends

• Instantaneous tripping by any stage when switching onto a fault

Sensitive Earth Fault Detection (optional)

• for compensated or isolated networks

• Detection of the displacement voltage

, IY), with negative sequence system quantities (I2, U2) or with zero sequence

• Determination of grounded phase

• Sensitive earth fault directional determination

• Angle error correction for current transformers

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SIPROTEC, 7SD5, Manual

+ 746 hidden pages

Siemens SIPROTEC User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Disclaimer of liability

Copyright

Registered Trademarks

Preface

Purpose of this Manual

T arget Audience

Applicability of this Manual

Indication of Conformity

Additional Support

Training Courses

Safety Information

T ypographic and Symbol Conventions

Contents

Introduction 1

1.1 Overall Operation

Analog inputs

Microcomputer system

Binary Inputs and Outputs

Front Elements

Serial Interfaces

Protection data interfaces

Power Supply

1.2 Application Scope

Protection functions

Control Functions

Indications and measured values; fault recording

Communication

1.3 Characteristics

Differential protection

Distance Protection (optional)

Power Swing Supplement (optional)

Teleprotection Supplement (optional)

Earth Fault Protection (optional)

Sensitive Earth Fault Detection (optional)