Sharp MZ-700, MZ-2Z009 Basic Manual

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1

Personal Computer

IIIZ

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b'illHID

DISK BASIC MANUAL

SHARP

DISK BASIC

Manual

Introductory Note

This manual

is

based upon the DISK BASIC Interpreter MZ-2Z009, the system

software of the

MZ-700 personal computer.

(1) The DISK BASIC interpreter

MZ-2Z009 includes all commands

of

the

MZ-700 BASIC 1Z-013B. In

other

words, the DISK BASIC

is

an expansion

of

the BASIC 1Z-013B.

(2) For the multi-purpose MZ-700 personal computer, the system software

is completely supported by a software pack (cassette tape, floppy disk, etc.) in the

file

form.

This system software and the contents

of

this manual are subject to upgrading

changes for improvement, and for that reason the user

is

urged to particularly

note the file version number.

Please understand that

we

cannot be responsible

for damage incurred during,

or

as a result

of

operation.

(3) All system software for the

MZ-700 series personal computer

is

original

software of

SHARP

Corporation, and

is

covered by applicable copyrights. The

copying

or

reproduction

of

this software and/or this manual and its contents, in

whole

or

in part, and by whatever means and for whatever reason,

is

expressly

forbidden without the written permission by

SHARP

Corporation.

Introduction

We want to take this opportunity to thank you for purchasing the Sharp DISK BASIC system software. The manual provides a general explanation

of

the use and programming of the DISK

BASIC system software for the personal computer.

This system software

is

provided in the floppy disk format, and careful attention

should be given to the proper use and handling of the disk drive and the disks

themselves.

Please refer to page

108

of

this manual for information regarding the

proper handling

of

the floppy disks.

When the floppy disk

is

to be used, it

is

recommended that the disk, a copy which

is packed together with the original master disk (DISK BASIC), be used instead of the master disk. This

is

for protection

of

the master disk in the event of some unexpected

trouble which might make the master disk useless.

Please store the master disk in a

safe place.

Before using the DISK BASIC please carefully and completely read this manual in order to assure its correct use.

• Difference between the

CASSETTE

TAPE

BASIC

and

DISK

BASIC.

The following commands are extended and supplemented in the difference between the

CASSETIE TAPE BASIC and DISK BASIC.

Extension Page

Supplement Page

RUN

.......................

36

DIR

........................

35

XOR

.......................

65

LOAD

.....................

37 LOCK

.....................

40

N()T

.......................

65

SAVE

......................

38 UNLOCK

................

41

OR

.........................

65

DELETE

.................

39

RENAME

................

42

AND

.......................

65

MERGE

..................

43

CHAIN

...................

44

ROPEN #

................

46

SWAP

.....................

45

INPUT #

.................

47

XOPEN #

................

50

WOPEN #

...............

48

KILL #

....................

54

PRINT#

.................

49

DEFAULT

...............

55

INPUT # ( )

...........

51

EOF#

....................

56

PRINT # ( ) ...........

52

LABEL

...................

57

CLOSE #

................

53

WAIT

......................

58

USR

.......................

62

SEARCH

.................

59

INP@

.....................

63

INIT

........................

60

OUT@

...................

64

In

addition to the above, there are the following differences:

CASSETIE

TAPE

BASIC DISK BASIC

If

the space key

is

pressed, the LIST Once the space key

is

pressed, the LIST

display stops, and if it

is

not pressed,

display stops, and, if it

is

pressed for a

the

LIST display continues.

second time,

the LIST display con-

tinues.

Relative to the data file, the

CASSET- Relative to the data file, the DISK

TE TAPE BASIC takes the format BASIC takes the format INPUT

#n,

INPUTrr, etc. etc

....

If,

for any reason, the program execu-

If

CONT

is

possible,

Ready

is

dis-

tion

is

interrupted, Ready

is

always played.

displayed.

CAS·SETTE

TAPE

BASIC

DISK BASIC

CONT

is

possible after execution

of

CONT

is

not possible after execution

of

END statement. END statement.

IcrRLI

+

I]]

has not effect.

IcrRLI

+

I]]

initialize the color and con-

sole,

aaQ

il!iIlIilW~iI

PbS:;r

8~.

Neglects space between reserved words;

Does not neglect space between re-

considers

GO~TO~lO

as

GOTO~

10.

served words. Does not consider

GO~TO~lO

as

GOTO~lO.

Compared to the CASSETI'E

TAPE

BASIC, the user area

of

DISK BASIC

is slightly reduced so there are some instances in which a program made in CASSETTE

TAPE

BASIC cannot be read in (LOAD) and executed

(RUN, GOTO). Because

of

extension, there are some instances that programs using BASIC

MONITOR with the USR function do not operate normally. The introduction

of

file descriptor changes the error display partially .

• Notes concerning

the

control of

the

floppy disk

drive in

MZ-

700

• System composition

t:J-

Display CPU MZ-700

• Can be controlled also by MZ-700 by setting up the ROM explained on the next page.

• Increase of floppy

'disk

interface-

ROM

•

Floppy

disk

drive

control

ROM

If

the DISK BASIC controls the floppy disk drive (MZ-1F02), connect the ROM chip

(see below) which

is

packed together with the DISK BASIC to the socket of the

floppy disk interface

(MZ-IEOS: optional).

If

this ROM

is

not connected to the floppy disk interface, the floppy disk drive cannot be controlled. Note the following points when connecting the

ROM to the interface:

• Take care not to drop, scratch or otherwise damage the ROM. Do not expose it to a strong magnetic field.

• Take special care not to break

or

bend the pins of the ROM.

•

Before pressing the ROM into the socket, be sure that its pins are correctly aligned with the socket holes. Be sure that the notches in the

ROM and socket match each other before pressing

the

ROM in.

Do not remove the seal attached to the

ROM.

•

Do not touch the pin of the ROM, because static electricity may destroy the ROM

contents.

Seal

N_-ctn

Contents

What

the DISK BASIC

is

....................................................................

: .......

10

Section

1:

DISK BASIC Outline

.................................................................

13

1.1 Starting the DISK BASIC

.................................................................

14

1.2 How to Copy the DISK BASIC

.........................................................

15

1.3 File Control

...................................................................................

17

1.4 Sequential Access File Control

..........................................................

18

1.5

Random Access File Control

.............................................................

23

1.6

PROGRAM

CHAIN (CHAIN)

.........................................................

26

1.7

PROGRAM

SWAP (SWAP)

............................................................

27

1.8 Reserved Words

.............................................................................

28

1.9 List

of

File Input/Output Devices

.....................................................

31

1.10 Initial Settings

................................................................................

31

Section 2: DISK BASIC Expansion,

New

Commands and Statements

...........

33

DIR

........................................................................................................

35

RUN

.......................................................................................................

36

LOAD

....................................................................................................

37

SAVE

.....................................................................................................

38

DELETE

.................................................................................................

39

LOCK

.....................................................................................................

40

UNLOCK

................................................................................................

41

RENAME

...............................................................................................

42

MERGE

..................................................................................................

43

CHAIN

...................................................................................................

44

SWAP

.....................................................................................................

45

ROPEN #

...............................................................................................

46

INPUT #

.................................................................................................

47

WOPEN #

...............................................................................................

48

PRINT #

.................................................................................................

49

XOPEN #

...............................................................................................

50

INPUT # ( )

........................................................................................

51

PRINT # ( )

...........................................................................................

52

CLOSE #

................................................................................................

53

KILL #

................................................... : ...............................................

54

DEFAULT

..............................................................................................

55

EOF(#)

..................................................................................................

56

LABEL

...................................................................................................

57

WAIT

.....................................................................................................

58

SEARCH

................................................................................................

59

INIT

........................................................................................................

60

USR

......................................................................................................

62

INP@

.....................................................................................................

63

OUT@

................................................................................................

64

Logical Operation

......................................................................................

65

Section

3:

BASIC Monitor Functions

.........................................................

67

3.1

Editing Format

.............................................................................

68

3.2 Printer Switch (P Command)

...........................................................

68

3.3 DUMP (D Command)

...................................................................

69

3.4 MEMORY SET (M Command)

.......................................................

69

3.5 FIND (F Command)

........................................................................

70

3.6 GOSUB (G Command)

...................................................................

70

3.7 TRANSFER (T Command)

..............................................................

70

3.8 SAVE

(S

Command)

.......................................................................

70

3.9 LOAD (L Command)

......................................................................

71

3.10 VERIFY (V Command)

...................................................................

71

3.11

RETURN (R Command)

.................................................................

71

Section

4:

Application Programs

.............................................................

73

Use of the File Converter

..........................................................................

74

Section

5:

DISK BASIC Summary

..............................................................

81

5.1

Summary of DISK BASIC Commands, Statements, Functions and

Operations

....................................................................................

82

5.1.1 Commands

....................................................................................

82

5.1.2 File control statements

.....................................................................

84

5.1.3 BSD control statements

....................................................................

86

5.1.4 BRD control statements

...................................................................

87

5.1.5 Error processing statements

..............................................................

88

5.1.6 Substitution statements

....................................................................

89

5.1.7 Input/output and color control statements

............................................

89

5.1.8 Loop statements

..........................................................................

: ..

91

5.1.9 Branch statements

...........................................................................

92

5.1.10 Definition statements

.......................................................................

93

5.1.11 Comment statements and control statements

.......................................

94

5.1.12 Music control statements

..................................................................

95

5.1.13 Machine language program control statements

......................................

96

5.1.14 Printer control statements

.................................................................

97

5.1.15 String control function

...................................................................

100

5.1.16 Tab function

................................................................................

101

5.1.17 Arithmetic operators

.....................................................................

101

5.1.18 Comparison logic operators

.............................................................

101

5.1.19 Other symbols

..............................................................................

102

•

5.2 Error Message List (DISK BASIC)

.................................................

104

5.3 Memory

Map........................................................

.....................

107

5.4 Use of the Floppy Disk

..................................................................

108

10

What the

DISK

BASIC

is

The DISK BASIC has a strong

file

control function relative to the cassette base

. BASIC. For example, it makes the most of the features of a disk base which has

high-speed read-outlwrite-in capabilities, and, more than simply serving for data storage, the

file

makes it possible to use the data area directly connected to the

computer system.

Moreover, because this

DISK BASIC also includes the control functions related to the

RS-232C

interface, it makes

it

possible to control various devices, by using the

MZ-SBI03

serial interface (optional).

Thus, it can be said that the

DISK BASIC

is

a new system software which permits the

expansion of the software range of the personal computer.

By

understanding this DISK BASIC and making full use of its many functions, the

user can create a higher level system.

• File

The computer can exchange data and programs between peripheral devices (floppy disk, cassette recorder, printer, etc.). The units of these data and programs are called files.

• File cl.ssificatlon

There are two types of files: data files and program files.

1

Data files ..... These files store numbers, characters, etc.

as

data.

(

BASIC

sequential access data files .....

BSD)

Files

BASIC random access data files ..... BRD

Program files ..... These files store programs just

as

they are.

(

BASIC

text programs ..... BTX )

Machine language programs .....

OBJ

Computer systems can be thought of as either of two fundamental types of systems: logical internal systems composed of data-processing equipment and main memories, and external filing systems composed of processed data and program banks.

11

• Data file control

There are two types of data files, depending upon the format of file access (the method of data read-out and write-in).

One is called the sequential access

file

and the other

is called the random access file. With the sequential access file, the file data

access

is

treated as one sequential block.

The

file

name

is

specified for one group of data, and such data are accessed

in

order

from the heading at the time of registration

or

read-out of the file. For the random access file on the other hand, the filed data are accessed at random. One random access file is composed of one data group designated

by

its own

file

name. Each group of data

is

registered

in

the

file

in

a parallel arrangement, and

write-in and read-out of each data group

is

possible

by

using the number (expression)

assigned to that data.

If,

for example, a collection of certain data can be handled

as

a connected group (such as, for example, data consisting of a series of decimal expressions used when producing machine language programs by BASIC

POKE command and elements of tables that

can be presented in order from the heading, etc.), collection of such data

in

a

sequential access

file

can be useful and effective. The registration of data

in

a random

access file, on the other hand, can be useful when it

is

necessary to not only consider

the group of overall data but to read-out and/or write-in each element (when it

is

necessary, for example, to rewrite data or to search, arrange, delete, etc.).

12

• Program file control

The BASIC program file control commands CHAIN (page 44) and SWAP (page 45) are for read-out of another program in the memory during the execution of one

program and moving the control to that program. As shown in the figure below, CHAIN has the same function as the

<goto

"filename">. (For detailed information, please refer to page 26.)

file

"ABC"

file "DEF"

10

PRINT "MZ-700"

,.-

10

PRINT "DISK BASIC"

20

,

100

CHAIN "DEF"

-

100

END

CHAIN

SWAP has the same function as the <gosub "filename">. After execution of

movement from the currently executing program to a separate program, it

is

then

possible to return to the first program. (For detailed information, refer to page 27.)

file

"GHI"

file "JKL"

10

PRINT "MZ-700"

,---

10

INPUT A, B

20

!

20

FOR

A=B

TO

A*B

50

SWAP "JKL"

f---

,

IL-

i

200

END

150

END

SWAP

In addition it

is

also possible to control the various files as utility programs files and

commands of the machine language program files.

Section 1

DISK BASIC OUTLINE

This section explains the features

of

the DISK BASIC and outlines the file

controls. First

of

all

is

an explanation

of

the DISK BASIC starting method.

Section 2 includes a syntax explanation

of

the new commands and statements

which the DISK BASIC has, and Section 5 includes a summary

of

all commands,

statements, functions and operations which it has.

14

1.1

Starting the DISK

BASIC

To make the DISK BASIC run, first perform initial loading by the IPL (Initial

Program Loader). The initial loading

is

easily executed. With the floppy disk drive

connected to the computer, switch the power supply

ON and then set the disk in which

the

DISK BASIC

is

included to drive number 1

(FDl).

After making the setting, the DISK BASIC

will

start when the power supply of the

computer

is

switched ON and F

is

input.

The figure below shows that

DISK BASIC

is

started, and the BASIC command level

condition

is

indicated by the flashing of the cursor.

Disk

Basic

Co

p y

rig

ht

nt

er

pr

et

er

MZ-

XXXXX

VX.

XX

(C)

1984

by

SHARP

Corp.

XXXXX

bytes

free

Note:

Ready

•

Please specify the default device

as

a cassette during write-in or read-in of a program

from a cassette tape, thus starting the

DISK BASIC.

DEFAULT

"CMT:"

(Refer to page 55.)

• Automatic execution of BASIC

text

AUTO RUN

The execution of AUTO RUN

is

included in the functions noted above. When the

DISK BASIC

is

loadeQ and the byte size which indicates the size of the text area

is

displayed, the master disk

is

accessed once again. When the initial loading finished,

the

DISK BASIC automatically executes the RUN"

AUTO

RUN

n command, Le., the

program text with the

"AUTO RUN"

file

name

is

read out from the same master disk,

and execution

is

from that heading. The program which defines the definable function

•

15

,

key

is

registered by this file name on the supported master disk.

In addition, because the NEW command

is

at the end of this program,

"READY"

is

displayed after execution, and the text

is

erased before the cursor begins flashing.

(Here, try the execution of

LOAD

"AUTO

RUN"

and check the list.)

If

you want to start a certain program after the start of the DISK BASIC, the file

name

of

that program should be saved on the master disk as

"AUTO

RUN."

1.2 How to Copy the Disk

Basic

Start the DISK BASIC and prepare a new floppy disk for copying.

Execute the directory

of

DISK BASIC (DIR: refer to page 35) and "FDCOPY".

01 R

"F

0 1 : "

ICRI

.........

Perform the directory

of

floppy disk drive number

1.

The screen becomes

as

follows when this com-

mand

is

executed:

OIR

"F01:"

01

RECTORY

OF

F01:

XXKB

FREE.

OBJ*"OISK

BASIS

Ul

XXX)H(

i:)e.\'\.;'t>~.

-IIIOBJ

*

"F

OCOPY"

I

iOBJ*

"TRANS"

r--J

BTX*

"AUTO

RUN"

I1

Ready

L_III

• Using the

ill

key, move the cursor to the position of the - sign and press the

~

key.

(RUN

"FOCOPY")

When "FDCOPY"

is

executed, the screen becomes as follows.

16

FD

For

mat I Copy

Ut i lit

Y

VX.

xx

[

Funct

i

on

I

F

For

mat

d i s k

C

Copy

d i s k

I

Bo

ot

[

Co

mma n d

are

a I

*-

Insert the floppy disk prepared into drive number

2.

When "F"

is

pressed, the screen

becomes

as

follows and the drive number

is

asked, so specify number

2.

*F

..............................

..

Drive

No.?2

OKI

Input the drive number. In this instance, the drive number

is

2.

When the drive number

is

input, the

floppy disk in this drive

is

initialized.

* _

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

..

.

..

.. ..

.

..

.

..

Indicates the end of floppy disk initialization and the waiting condition for the next command.

If

there

is

SYSTEM software in the floppy disk inserted into the floppy disk drive, the

display

is

as

follows and confirmation

is

asked.

This

is

Master-Disk

For

ma t

[Y

I

NI?

N The meaning

of

display

is

as follows:

The floppy disk inserted into the

1>pecified

drive

contains the

SYSTEM software;

is

initialization

and erasure

OK?

If

it's OK, input Y; if it's not OK, input N.

17

*111....................................

If

N

is

input, changes to the condition of awaiting

the next command, and, if Y

is

input, the floppy

disk

is

initialized and changes to the condition of

awaiting the next command.

If

C

is

input, the screen becomes as follows:

* C

.............................

Copies the entire floppy disk.

Source

Drive

NO.?1

............

Specifies the drive of the inserted source disk (original disk) (drive number 1, in this instance).

De

s t n a t

ion

D r i

ve

No.?

2

...........

" Specifies the drive

of

the inserted destination disk

(new disk) (drive number 2, in this instance).

* III

..............................

Indicates the end of the entire floppy disk copying and

awaiting the next command.

Then the copying of the

DISK BASIC

is

finished. The DISK BASIC

is

started when

" ! "

is

input.

Note:

If

the source drive and the destination drive are the same, refer to REFERENCE

(page 78).

1.3

File

Control

There are, as mentioned in the "File" section, 3 types

of

files produced by the DISK

BASIC:

the 2 types

of

data files, sequential access files (BSD) and random access files

(BRD), and the

BASIC text (BTX) program files. The other type

of

file: the machine

language program files (OBJ),

is

a file which registers programs prepared in the

MONITOR mode, etc. on the floppy disk. This can be a program by itself

or

it can be

linked to a

BASIC text as a BASIC machine language area. Thus, even though it can

be used with the

DISK BASIC, it

is

not a

file

to prepare and to change its contents

with the

DISK BASIC.

18

DISK BASIC

Sequential Access File }

data file

BASIC Text Files }

L

..

__

--:---r-------. program file.

_ Machine Language

Program Files

As

the various

file

control commands are explained, first the preparation method, the

use, and the features of the 2 types of data files

will

be explained, followed

by

an

explanation of the use of the CHAIN and

SWAP commands of the program files.

1.4 Sequential

Access

File Control

Sequential access files are data files

in

which the registration or read-out of data

is

in

the sequential access format. The sequential access format is,

as

mentioned previously,

a format

in

which

access to the data

is

in sequential order from the heading.

The method of making a data

file

on a cassette

file

has already been explained

in

the

BASIC manual for the MZ-IZ013B. Sequential access for the DISK BASIC

is

exactly

the same except that the

file

is

made on the disk rather than a cassette. Naturally, the

access speed

is

much faster, and, because several new

file

control commands can be

used for disk access, the breadth of useful functions for

file

management

is

also

enlarged.

First,

we

will

compare the composition of sequential access commands for DISK

BASIC

and for CASSETTE BASE BASIC.

File registration (data write-in)

DISK BASIC

CASSETTE BASE BASIC

File open command WOPEN

#n,

"fjJename" WOPEN "filename"

Data write-in command PRINT

#n,

data

PRINTIT data

File close command CLOSE

#n

CLOSE

Cancel command

KILL

#n

--

19

i

File call (data read-out)

DISK BASIC

CASSETIE

BASE BASIC

File open command

ROPEN

#n,

"fjJename" ROPEN "fjJename"

Data read-out command

INPUT

#n,

variable INPUTfT variable

File close command CLOSE

#n

CLOSE

File end detection

IF

EOF

(#n)

THEN

--

As you can see, comparison of the various commands shows an almost I-to-l relationship. Note, however, that DISK BASIC commands always include elements #n.

These numbers are called logical numbers, and must always be designated for DISK BASIC file access. For

CASS~TIE

BASE BASIC, file access for data write-in or read-out

is

limited to one file. For DISK BASIC, however, contains several files in order to make the best use of its random access feature at will, so that it

is

possible to simultaneously control

several

(maximum 10) files. And, if a file

is

opened, optionally selected logical numbers can be defined and thereafter used for designation of the pertinent file, thereby eliminating the necessity

of

using the file name each time.

Example:

As a simple example, let's consider the registration of a person's name and address

in

the sequential access file. Thus, all available addresses can be stored one after the

other in the file. Take, for example, the following file:

filename =

If

ADDRESS LIST"

Name

I

Address

I

Name

I

Address

I

Name

I

Address

I

20

The reason that the space used for each name and each address

is

of various lengths

is

because the data registered by sequential access are not usually

of

a fixed length; the length varies according to the data. For the random access files, to be explained later, all

data are stored in boxes of a fixed length

of

32

bytes.

If,

as in this example, data are

to be handled

as

one group, and, as for the addresses above,

32

bytes

is

not sufficient,

and the lengths are different, then the use

of

the sequential access file

is

convenient.

A program can be made as described below, by

INPUT command, to substitute names and addresses alternately in string variables, register each person's file individually, prepare an ADDRESS LIST

of

a total

of

50 people, and then read out the prepared

file

and display on the screen the names and addresses

of

10

persons at a time.

Write-in

1 0 0

WO

PEN

# 3

"F

D 1 :

ADD

RES S LIS

T"

........

Designation of drive number and file name

1 1 0

FOR I =1

TO

5 0

120

INPUT

"name="

;NA$

130

INPUT

"address"

=

;AD$

140

PRI

NT

#3,

NA$,

AD$

...........................

Write-intofloppydisk

150

160

CLOSE

#3

Read-out

200

ROPE N #4,

"FD1:

ADDRESS

LIST"

210

FOR I =1

TO

5

FOR

J

=1

TO

10

220

INPUT

#4,

NA$,

AD$

230

PRI

NT

NA$ : PRI

NT

AD$

240

250

PRI

NT

"

PUSH

SPACE

KEY"

260

GET

X$

F

X$

"

THEN

280

270

GO

TO

260

280

290

PRI

NT

"END"

300

CLOSE

#4

,

21

•

• To find

the

data end

What would happen if the data being read-out in order from the file surpass the number of data registered? In this case, an error does not occur. And a zero

or

blank

is

set

in

the read-out variable, but there

is

a special function

EOF

(#n)

(page 56)

which can detect the data end. When there

is

a data read-out by an INPUT command,

EOF

(#n)

becomes a true condition when there

is

no data.

As a result, if the

IF

EOF

(#n)

THEN

command

is

placed after the INPUT # command, then if

EOF

(#n)

becomes "true",

i.e. if the end

of

the data

is

found, the command after

THEN

will

be executed.

Here use the practice problems to become sufficiently accustomed to the use of the

BSD file.

Practice problems Problem 1

Using the program example on the previous page, change the program assuming that the number

of

people registered

is

unknown, read-out the file

10

persons at a time

until the end of the file

is

reached and display them.

Example solution

The following program might, for example, be considered.

300

ROPEN

#5,

" F D 1

ADDRESS

LI

ST"

3 1 0

FOR

I

=1

TO

1 0

320

INPUT

#5,

NA$,

AD$

330

I F E

OF

(

#5)

THEN

400

350

PRI

NT

" PUSH

SPACE

KEY"

370

GET

X$: I F

X$

THEN

310

380

GOTO

370

400

CLOSE

#5

410

PRI

NT

" F I

LE

END" :

END

22

Problem 2

Divide, and re-register, the BSD file "ADDRESS LIST" into two: a BSD file which registers names only and a

BSD file which registers addresses only.

Example solution

500

ROPEN

#6,

" F D 1 :

ADDRESS

LIST"

5 1 0

WOPEN

#7,

" F

D1

:

na

me"

520

WOPEN

#8,

"F

D1

:

address"

530

INPUT

#6,

NA$,

AD$

540

I F E OF

(

#6)

THEN

600

550

PRI

NT

#7,

NA$

560

PRI

NT

#8,

AD$

570

GOTO

530

600

CLOSE

#6,

#7,

#8

610

END

Problem 3

Register the string input by INPUT command in a BSD file. But to close the file, key input

"CLOSE" and to cancel it, key input "KILL".

Example solution

100

WOPEN

#30,

"FD1:

DATA"

110

I

NPUT

"DATA

=

";A$

120

IF

A$="CLOSE"

THEN

CLOSE

#30:

END

130

IF

A$="KI

LL"

THEN

KI

LL

#30:

END

140

PRINT

#30,A$:GOTO

110

23

i

1.5 Random

Access

File Control

Random access files are data files in which the registration

or

read-out

of

data

is

in the

random access format. The

randoll\ access format

is

the

format in which the access

is done by specifying the array format. In other words, compared to the sequential access format in which access must be from the heading

of

the data, the random access format can be used for access to any data in the file at random. In order to access data in the random access file in a specified array,

PRINT # (page

49)

and INPUT # (page 47) are used, as described below, as expressions following

logical numbers.

PRINT

#n

(expression), data

INPUT

#n

(expression), variable

Designation of

tay

element

The expression

is

assigned by numbers

or

variables.

For example, the statement

INPUT

#7

(21), A$

means a command to read-out, to string variable

AS, the data registered as the 21st

element

of

the data collected as the random access file opened by logical number

#7.

Note that random access files in which data such as this can be accessed have the condition that all data must be

register~d

at a fixed length, Le., when numbers

or string variables are registered in the file, they must each be set within a "box" with a limited length

of

32

bytes.

expression

~

32-byte fixed length

{

~

+.

12345678+ElO

Random access 3

file 4 ABCDEFGHI

- 5

I-Ac::B-=C

_____

--t

6

:

+-

Variable A=O. 12345678+ElO

+-

String "ABCDEFGHI"

:.- String "ABC"

For numerical variables, even exponential expressions are always stored within the 32-byte length, but, because string variables can be as long as

249

bytes, a string which

exceeds

32

bytes cannot be registered in one data element of a random access file.

One other point which

is

different from sequential access files

is

that even though a

file

24

11

may be once closed and in the registered.condition, that same file can be made larger.

The random access file

"RND

1", for example, in which up to

20

expressions have

been registered, can be enlarged to a file with

30 "boxes" by registering data as 30 new

expressions.

"RND

I"

"RND

I"

1 1

2

Enlargement

2

a In addition,

.

data are registered

by

-----1~

expression =

30.

3

possible

3

•

20

30

Example: Let's take an example in which, by using a random access file, a simple stock list file

is

to be made. Each product

is

assigned a fixed number from 1 to 50, and the file will have four items: product name, unit price, number in stock, total price (unit price x number

in

stock) and comments.

In order to register the stock data for each product, first the product number

is

input,

and then the information to be registered for each item

is

input.

The program execution

is

ended, however, when "0"

is

input.

Registration of stock data

100

XOPEN

#5,

"STORELIST"

110

INPUT

"product

no.";K

120

IF

K=O

THEN

300

130

I

NPUT

"product

name=";

N$

140

INPUT

"uni

t

pr

ce=";

P

150

INPUT

"i

nventory

count

1 6 0 I N

PUT

" c 0 mme n t

=";

C $

170

T

=P*

S

"

S

180

PRINT

#5(K*5-4),N$,P,S,T,C$

190

GOTO

110

300

CLOSE

#5

310

END

25

The random access file prepared in that way would be as follows.

If

product no.

K=12, 5 data are registered in elements corresponding to array expressions

56

- 60.

Data

position

a expression

~

KJl:5-4}

55

___

56

K=12

57

58

59

60

61

N$

p

S

T

C$

d

ata

.....

product name

.....

unit price

.....

inventory count

.....

total amount

.....

comment

BRD

file

"STORE

LIST"

In this way, then, data can be set in any specified array in the file. As a result, unlike the sequential access file, in which data is overlaid in

order

from the heading, it

is

also

possible for there to be vacant addresses in the filed data.

And, because data can be accessed

at

will, it

is

also possible to easily rewrite data.

Use the practice problem to become accustomed to the use

of

the

BRD

file.

Problem Let's read-out the random access file

"STORE

LIST" made here and read-out the inventory data for a certain product. The program execution

is

ended, however, when "0"

is

input.

Read out

of

inventory data

500

XOPEN

#7,

"STORE

LI

ST"

5 1 0

520 530

INPUT

PRI

NT

"

pro

d u c t

no.

=";

J : I F J =0

THE

N

700

#7(

J*5-4),

N$,

P,

S,

T,

C$

"

NO.

";

J :

PR I NT

"p

rod

u c t n a me

";

N$

540

PR I NT

"u

n i

price

";P

550

PRI

NT

"i

nventory

count"

S

560

PR I NT

"t

0 t a I a

mo

u n t

";

T

5 7

0 P R I N T

"c

0 mme n t

";

C $

580

GOTO

510

700

CLOSE

#7

710

E NO

In this way then, even for many products, the inventory data can be quickly read-out by inputting the product number.

26

1.6 Program Chain (CHAIN)

Next, following the data

file

control commands,

will

be an explanation of program

file

controls. The commands explained here are CHAIN (page

44)

and SWAP (page 45).

When these commands are used, the program

is

registered on the floppy disk in job

units and, while the program

is

being run, a separate program can be read-out and control moved to it, i.e., a program can be connected (CHAIN) to a program registered on the floppy disk, and can be read-out

(SWAP)

in

the form of a sub

routine. The CHAIN command, which connects and links the programs,

will

be

explained first.

The form of a CHAIN command can be, for example,

as

follows:

700

CHAI

N

"F01:

TeXT

2"

This statement means that the program currently within the text area

is

made NEW

(although the variable

will

be retained), the "TEXT

2"

file

registered on the floppy

disk

in

drive number 1

is

to be overlaid (that is, to overlay text areas and be read out),

and control

is

moved to the heading of that text.

When this statement

is

executed, control

will

move away from the BASIC text now

running,

newly

read out the "TEXT 2" text, and control

will

move to that heading.

When the program CHAIN

is

executed, the variable, and the function defined

by

DEF FN,

will

be transferred to the CHAIN destination program.

The CHAIN command function can be taken

as

<goto "filename"> .

.

file

"ABC"

~

file

"DEF"

-

10

PRINT "SUNDAY"

10

INPUT

A,S

,

2i

PRINT A, B

:

100

CHAIN "DEF"

r-

300

CHAIN "GHI"

When the CHAIN command

is

used, a large program (even a huge program which

exceeds the

BASIC text area) can

be

divided and,

as

shown in the figure above, can be

connected. When one program

is

finished, the data are left

as

is, and the following programs are chained one after another. The CHAIN command can be considered indispensable if complicated and diversified data must be processed.

27

1.7 Program Swap (SWAP)

Program files on the floppy disk are read-in to the memory, and control

is

moved to

this program,

by

SWAP command but, when this program

is

finished, the original

program (the program which did the

SWAP command) can be reset. This movement

is

exactly

in

the same

way

as the sub-routine

in

the program, and the reset to the original

program becomes a return to the next command, which did the

SWAP command. As a

result, the

SWAP command can be taken

as

<gosub "filename">.

In

order for this operation to be made, the program which has the SWAP command

is temporarily shunted to the floppy disk during SWAP execution. Then the program area

is

made NEW, and another program

is

read in. After the end of the other

program, the original program

is

read in. The usual form of the SWAP command

is:

SWAP"

FDn

: filename"

This

is

a command to SWAP the sub-program designated

by

the "filename" registered

on the floppy disk in drive number n (n = 1

- 4), and the shunting of the program

prior to the read-in of the other program

is

done on the floppy disk

in

the drive set

by

the default condition. Therefore, a floppy disk on which it

is

possible to temporarily

write-in the program text must be set in that drive. The

SWAP level must not exceed the 1 level. In order to understand the

SWAP command, let's take a simple example and follow

the movement of the program file.

Program now

in

text area

10

REM

COMPOSER

2 0 M 1 $

~.

" A 7 B 6 + C 3 A 7 A 3 "

30

M2$="B+C+D+E

6A3"

4 0

M3

$ = " + F 6 A 3 +E 7 H

50

PR I

NT

"P L AY

T HE

CELL

0"

60

SWAP

"FD2:

PLAYER"

70

PRINT

"VERY

GOOD"

80

END

28

Program

file

"PLAYER"

10

REM

CELLO

PLAYER

20

MUSI

C

M1$, M2$,

M3$

30

PRI

NT"OK7"

40

E

NO

On slave disk in drive number 2 First,

"COMPOSER"

is

within text area and

is

executed.

Text

area

~

Dr:ve

File

Corn oser

2

"PLAYER"

"PL:'{'y

THE

CELLO"

The text

is

first shunted to the disk in

FDl

taking

DIR

by the SWAP command of line

number 60, and the area

is

made NEW.

r----------,~r-l~lr(C~O-M-P-O~SE~R~)1

NEW I I 2 .

"PLAYER"

.

1--

___

--'

Next, BTX "PLAYER"

is

overlaid and executed. The melody

is

played.

Text

"PLAYER"

At the end, the shunted COMPOSER

is

reset and says "VERY

GOOD."

Reset

r-1-!-·C-~-M-PO--SE-R-

..

-'r1r--r-I,,-p-LA-Y-E-R-

..

...,:

I

~~~~e~OOD

..

1.8 Reserved Words

The DISK BASIC text

is

composed of reserved words, also called key-words, the

operand, separator and data. The

DISK BASIC the reserved words, which are special words to execute certain determined functions, and commands, statements and functions are appropriate to these words. Because the reserved words are certain words used in order to execute special commands, the programmer cannot use them as names of variables, arrays, etc. Next page shows a listing

in

alphabetical order of all

of

the DISK BASIC reserved words.

(The numbers to the right

of

the reserved words indicate the reference page.)

When there

is

a (MZ) notation, refer to the Personal Computer OWNER'S

MANUAL or to the DISK BASIC SUMMARY of this manual.

29

161

ABS

...............................

MZ

K]

GET

...............................

MZ

AND

................................

65

GOSUB

..........................

MZ

ASC

...............................

MZ

GOTO

............................

MZ

ATN

...............................

MZ

GPRINT

.........................

MZ

AUTO

............................

MZ

!HI

HSET

............................

MZ

AXIS

..............................

MZ

rn

IF

..................................

MZ

!HI

ByE·

...............................

MZ

INIT

.................................

60

~

CHAIN

.............................

44

INP@

..............................

63

CHR$

.............................

MZ

INPUT

............................

MZ

CIRCLE

.........................

MZ

INPUT #

..........................

47

CLOSE #

........................

MZ

INPUT # ( )

....................

51

CLR

..............................

MZ

INPUTrr

.........................

MZ

CLS

................................

MZ

INT

................................

MZ

COLOR

..........................

MZ

!KI

KEY

LIST

.......................

MZ

CONSOLE

......................

MZ

KILL #

.............................

54

CONT

............................

MZ

[1J

LABEL

.............................

57

COS

...............................

MZ

LEFT$

............................

MZ

CURSOR

........................

MZ

LEN

..............................

MZ

~

DATA

............................

MZ

LET

...............................

MZ

DEFAULT

........................

55

LIMIT

...........................

MZ

DEFFN

..........................

MZ

LINE

..............................

MZ

DEFKEY

.......................

MZ

LIST

......................... ~ .....

MZ

DELETE

..........................

39 LIST/P

............................

MZ

DIM

..............................

MZ

LN

................................

MZ

DIR

.................................

35

LOAD

..............................

37

~

END

.............................

MZ

LOCK

..............................

40

EOF

(#)

........................... 56

LOG

.............................

MZ

ERL

..............................

MZ

M

MERGE

...........................

43

ERN

...............................

MZ

MID$

.............................

MZ

ERROR

..........................

MZ

MODEGR

......................

MZ

EXP

...............................

MZ

MODE

TL

......................

MZ

!El

FOR

...............................

MZ

MODETN

......................

MZ

MODE

TS

.......................

MZ

Sharp MZ-700, MZ-2Z009 Basic Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual