SCIENTIFIC
CALCULATOR
OPERATION GUIDE
SCIENTIFIC
CALCULATOR
OPERATION GUIDE
<V/R Series>
1
C O N TENTS
HOW TO OPERATE
Read Before Using
Key layout/Reset switch 2
Display pattern
3
Display for mat 3
Exponent display 4
Angular unit 5
Function and Key Operation
O N /O FF, entr y correction keys 6
Data entr y keys 7
Random key
Modify key
8
Basic arithmetic keys, parentheses 10
Percent 11
Inverse, square, xth power of y,
squar e root, cube root, xth root of y 12
10 to the power of x, common logarithm 13
e to the power of x, natural logarithm 14
Factorials 15
Permutations, combinations 16
Time calculation 17
Fractional calculations 18
Memory calculations 19
Last answer memory 20
Trigonometric functions 21
Arc trigonometric functions 22
Hyperbolic functions 23
C oor dinate conversion 24
STATISTICS FUNCTION
Data input and erase
25
“AN S” keys for 1-variable statistics
26
“AN S” keys for 2-variable statistics
28
9
~
2
H ow to O pe ra te
2nd function key
Pressing this key will enable the functions
written in yellow above the calculator buttons.
ON/C, OFF key
D ir ect function
Mode key
This calculator can operate in three different
modes as follows.
<Example>
W ritten in yellow above
the O N /C key
<Power on>
<Power off>
1 . K E Y L A Y O U T
•Mode = 0; normal mode for
performing normal arithmetic
and function calculations.
•Mode = 1; S T AT- 1 mode for
performing 1-variable statistical calculations.
•Mode = 2; STAT-2 mode for
performing 2-variable statistical calculations.
If the calculator fails to operate normally,
press the reset switch on the back to
reinitialise the unit. The display for mat and
calculation mode will return to their
initial settings.
RESET
2 . R E S E T S W I T C H
Reset switch
RESET
2nd funct ion
[Normal mode]
[STAT-1 mode]
[STAT-2 mode]
N O T E :
Pressing the reset switch will erase any data
stored in memory.
≈Read B efore Using≈
This operation guide has been written based on the EL-531V, EL-509V, EL-531VH, and
EL-509VH models. Some functions described here are not featured on other models. In
addition, key operations and symbols on the display may differ according to the model.
3
For convenient and easy operation, this model can be used in one of four display modes.
The selected display status is shown in the upper part of the display (Format Indicator).
N ote: If more 0’s (zeros) than needed are displayed when the O N/C key is pressed, check
whether or not the calculator is set to a Special Display Format.
• Floating decimal point for mat (no symbol is displayed)
Valid values beyond the maximum range are displayed in the form of a [10-digit
(mantissa) + 2-digit (exponent)]
• Fixed decimal point format (FIX is displayed)
Displays the fractional part of the calculation result according to the specified
number of decimal places.
• Scientific notation (SCI is displayed)
Frequently used in science to handle extremely small or large numbers.
• Engineering scientific notation (EN G is displayed)
C onvenient for converting between different units.
<Example>
(specifies normal mode)
(normal mode)
(FIX mode TAB = 3)
Let’s compare the display result of
[10000 ÷ 8.1 =] in each display format.
4 . D I S P L AY F OR M AT A N D
D E C I MA L S E T T I N G F U N C T I ON
Initial display
3 . D I S P L AY P AT T E R N
10000 8.1
DEG
DEGFIX
DEG
The actual display does not appear like this.
This illustration is for explanator y purposes only.
4
5 . E X P O N E N T D I S P L AY
The distance from the earth to the sun is approx. 150,000,000 (1.5 x 108) km. Values
such as this with many zeros are often used in scientific calculations, but entering the
zeros one by one is a great deal of work and it’s easy to make mistakes.
In such a case, the numerical values are divided into mantissa and exponent portions,
displayed and calculated.
<Example>
W hat is the number of electronics flowing in a conductor when
the electrical charge across a given cross-section is 0.32 coulombs. (The charge on a single electron = 1.6 x 10
-19
coulombs).
0.32
DEG
(normal mode)
(SC I mode)
(EN G mode)
SCI DEG
X10
ENG DEG
X10
DEG
191.6
DEG
X10
DEG
X10
5
Angular values are converted from D EG to RAD to G RAD with each push of the DRG
key. This function is used when doing calculations related to trigonometric functions or
coordinate geometr y conversions.
( /2)
<Example>
6 . A N G U L A R U N I T
(in D EG mode)
•••••• • •
O per ation
D isplay
90° (DEG) =
/2 (RAD) =
100 (GRAD ) =
2
The relationships between the three types
of angular units can be expressed as right:
C heck to confirm 90 degrees equaling /2 radians
equaling 100 grads. ( =3.14159...)
90
DEG
RAD
GRAD
DEG
Angular indicator
D egrees ( D E G is shown at the top of the display)
A commonly used unit of measure for angles. The angular measure of a circle
is expressed as 360°.
R adians (R A D is shown at the top of the display)
Radians are different than degrees and express angles based on the circumference of a circle. 180° is equivalent to radians. Therefore, the angular measure of a circle is 2 radians.
G r ads ( G RA D is shown at the top of the display)
Grads are a unit of angular measure used in Europe, particularly in France. An
angle of 90 degrees is equivalent to 100 grads.
6
Turns the calculator on or clears the data. It also clears the contents of the
calculator display and voids any calculator command; however, coefficients in 3-variable linear equations and statistics, as well as values stored
in the independent memory in normal mode, are not erased.
Turns the calculator off.
C lears all internal values, including coefficients in 3-variable linear equations and
statistics. Values stored in memory in normal mode are not erased.
These arrow keys are useful for Multi-Line playback, which lets you
scroll through calculation steps one by one. (refer to page 8)
These keys are useful for editing equations. The key moves the
cursor to the left, and the key moves the cursor to the right. The
key deletes the symbol/number at the cursor. (refer to page 8)
ON/OFF, Entry
Correction Keys
≈F unction and K ey Operation≈
7
Data Entry Keys
Provided the earth is moving around the sun in a circular orbit,
how many kilometers will it travel in a year?
* The average distance between the ear th and the sun being
1.496 x 10
8
km.
C ircumference equals diameter x π ; therefore,
1.496 x 10
8
x 2 x π
0 to 9
Pressing π automatically enters the value for π (3.14159...).
The constant π, used frequently in function calculations, is the ratio of the
circumference of a circle to its diameter.
<Example>
N umeric keys for entering data values.
Decimal point key. Enters a decimal point.
Enters minus symbol or sign change key.
C hanges positive numbers to negative and negative numbers to positive.
Pressing this key switches to scientific notation data entry.
O per ation D isplay
2
1
496
8
DEG
DEG
X10
8
Random
Generates random numbers.
Random number s are three-decimal-place values between 0.000 and 0.999. Using this
function enables the user to obtain unbiased sampling data derived from r andom
values generated by the calculator.
<Example>
A PP L IC AT IO N S:
Building sample sets for statistics or r esearch.
0. * * * (a random number has been generated)
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