The VB409 VB409SP are fully protected positive
voltage regulator designed in STMicroelectronics
High Voltage VIPower
technology. The devices
can be connected directly to the rectified mains
(110V/230V). The devices are well suited for
applications powered from the AC mains and
requiring a 5V DC regulated output voltage
without galvanic insulation. VB409, VB409SP
provides up to 70 mA output current (internally
limited) at 5V. The included over current and
BLOCK DIAGRAM
INPUT
10
PENTAWATT HV(022Y)
PowerSO-10
ORDER CODES:
PENTAWATT HV(022Y) VB409
PowerSO-10VB409SP
thermal shutdown provide protection for the
device.
Cap
Input current
limiter
Threshold
1
Vref1
OUTPUT
GND
Vref2
Vref3
Thermal
protection
Output current
limiter
April 20001/9
1
VB409 / VB409SP
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATING
SymbolParameterValueUnit
∆V
IN,OUT
I
OUT
P
TOT
I
IN
T
j
T
STG
THERMAL DATA
SymbolParameter
R
thj-amb
R
thj-case
CONNECTION DIAGRAM (TOP VIEW)
Input to output voltage- 0.2 to 420V
Output currentInternally limitedmA
Power dissipation at TC=25°CInternally limitedW
Input currentInternally limitedmA
Junction operatingtemperature- 40 to 125°C
Storage temperature- 55 to 150°C
=230Vr.m.s.; 50Hz; C1=100µF; V1=50V (See Fig. 2); I
IN
5
4
3
2
1
PC10000
PENTAWATT HV(022Y)
OUTPUT
GROUND
INPUT
THRESHOLD
CAPACITOR
SymbolParameterTest ConditionsMinTypMaxUnit
V
IN(ac)
BV
IN-GND
f
IN
V
OUT
∆V
/∆V
OUT
∆V
/∆I
OUT
I
CL(out)
T
jsh
∆T
jsh
I
d
V
d
I
CL(in)
/∆T
∆V
cap
V
cap(max)
V
ref1
I
th
Input voltage a.c.15230Vr.m.s.
Breakdown voltage
input-ground in off state
650V
Input frequency01kHz
Output voltage4.7555.25V
Cap regulationV
cap
Load regulationI
OUT
=8 to 12V; VIN=0V; Tj=25°C7mV/V
cap
=1 to 40mA; V
OUT
=10V; Tj=25°C500µV/mA
cap
Output current limitTj=25°C7090mA
Junction temperature
shutdown limit
Junction temperature
shutdown hysteresis
Quiescent currentTj=25°C; I
Dropout voltage
(V
to V
OUT
)
cap
T
=25°C3V
j
=0A2mA
OUT
140150°C
35°C
Input clamp current0.82A
Drift of capacitor pin
voltage in temperature
Max clamped voltage
on cap pin
Reference threshold
Voltage
1214.5V
1010.511V
-15mV/°C
Current onthreshold pin100µA
OUT
=25mA;
2/9
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VB409 / VB409SP
OPERATION DESCRIPTION
The VB409, VB409SP contain two separate
stages, as shown in the block diagram. The first
stage is a preregulator that translates the high
rectified mains voltage to a low voltage and
charges an external electrolytic capacitor. The
second stage is a simple 5V regulator. The typical
operating waveforms are shown in Figure 2. The
device may be driven by a half wave (110 or 230
Vr.m.s.) or by a full wave using a bridge rectifier.
Current flow through the preregulator stage is
provided by the trilinton only during a conduction
angle, at both the start and the end of each half
cycle. This angle is set by adjusting the external
resistor divider (R1 and R2), in order to set the
time t
reaches the internal threshold V
at which voltage at the threshold pin
1
(see Figure
ref1
2a). When the threshold pin voltage gets over
V
, the series trilinton is switched off and
ref1
remains off until voltage at the threshold pin again
drops below the internal threshold. Using this
technique, energy is drawn from the AC mains
only during the low voltage portions of each
positive halfcycle, thus reducing the dissipation in
the first stage. During the conduction angle,
current provided by the trilinton is used to supply
the load and to charge the capacitor C1. In such a
way, when the trilinton switches off, the load
receives the required current by the capacitor
discharge. For this reason it is important to set
properly the conduction angle: during this period
C1 has to reach a sufficient charge to guarantee
that, at the end of discharging, the voltage drop
between the capacitor and the output pin is over
2V. Assuming that conduction angle has been set,
two different possibilities can occur:
1) C1 value is such to reach V
cap(max)
within the
conduction angle. As the comparator also
senses C1 voltage, when V
gets over V
cap
ref1
the trilinton would switch off. But doing this, the
capacitor would discharge through the load so
reducing its voltage. As soon as V
below V
, the trilinton switches on. As
ref1
cap
drops
consequence the trilinton reaches a stable
condition limiting the current to a value
sufficient to supply the load and hold the
capacitor voltage just below V
cap(max)
(see
figures 2b and 2c).
2) C1 value is such to reach V
cap(max)
outside the
conduction angle. In this case the trilinton
doesn’t reduce the current, but hold it to a
constant value (I
) during the whole
CL(in)
conduction angle (see figures3a and 3b).
As there are two conduction angles for each half
cycle, the capacitor isrecharged twice during each
period. In such a way the capacitor voltage has a
small ripple and, consequently, it needs a small
current to regenerate its charge. The device has
integrated current limit and thermal shutdown
protections. The thermal shutdown turns the low
voltage stage off,if the die temperature exceeds a
predetermined value. Hysteresis in the thermal
sense circuit holds the device off until the die
temperature cools down.
,
3/9
1
VB409 / VB409SP
Figure 1: Applicationscheme
MAIN
INPUT
GND
Vref2
Vref3
APPLICATION EXAMPLE
(without heatsink; R1=1MΩ; C1=47µF)
I
OUT
10 mA560 KΩ0.32 W
15 mA470 KΩ0.49 W
20 mA390 KΩ0.67 W
Cap
C1
Input current
Thermal
protection
limiter
Output current
limiter
Vref1
Threshold
OUTPUT
VB049a1
R2P
+
R
1
R
2
R
LOAD
AV
(without heatsink; R1=1MΩ; C1=100µF)
I
OUT
20mA390 KΩ0.70 W
25mA330 KΩ0.92 W
30mA270 KΩ1.20 W
35mA220 KΩ1.53 W
40mA180 KΩ1.92 W
4/9
1
R2P
AV
Figure 2: typical waveforms
Rectified
Main
V
max
V
1
VB409 / VB409SP
Figure 2a
V
V
cap(max)
V
cap(min)
I
CL(in)
t
1
t
T/2T
2
t
Figure 2b
cap
t
Figure 2c
I
IN
I
OUT
t
Figure 2d
t
5/9
1
VB409 / VB409SP
AVERAGE POWER CALCULATION IN WORST
CASE
As before explained, the device also senses the
preregulator voltage (V
), so that as soon as the
cap
capacitor reaches its maximum voltage, the
trilinton reduces the current so limiting furtherly
V
v
V
I
I
IN
max
1
IN
CL(in)
V
cap
t1t2 T/2T
0
Figure 3a
Figure 3b
power dissipation. On the contrary if the capacitor
doesn’t reach the maximum value, the trilinton
supplies current at asteady value (I
) during the
max
whole conduction angle. This is obviously the
worst case,in which theaverage power
dissipation is maximum.
2π
ICL in
()⋅
0
--- - -
t
⋅()sin⋅
T
0
t2t
elsewhere
Vmax
=
VIN
0
t
IIN
=
t
0
≤≤
T
-- -
≤≤
2
≤≤
T
-- -
t
2
tT
tt
1≤≤
T
--
2
Assuming that
0t1[, ]t2
T
---[,]=
2
are the conduction angles, it results:
PAV
I CL in()
-------------------------- -
I
CL in()
-------------------------- -
2
=
T
1
--
V IN I
⋅=
∫
T
0
Vmax
⋅
T
Vmax
⋅
T
IN⋅()td
t
1
∫
0
T
---- -
2π
=
2 π
--- - -
⋅()sintd
T
1
--
∫
T
t
+⋅==
2 π
-- - - -
t
T
As for t1:
V
1
------ --- -
Vmax
2 π
--- - -
t
1⋅()sin=
T
it follows:
P
AV
ICL i n()
-------------------------- -
=
⋅
π
Vmax
11
Where
R
1
V
1
Vref
11
()⋅=
--------+
R
2
t
1
V IN
0
T
-- 2
∫
t
2
1⋅()cos–0cos+[]⋅⋅
V
1
----------
––⋅
Vmax
T
--
ICL i n()⋅()td
2π
-- - - -
t
⋅()sintd
T
=
2
2
+⋅
∫
t
2
ICL in()
-------------------------- -
ICL in()
Vmax
⋅
-------------------------- -
π
VIN
t
ICL in()⋅()td
Vmax
⋅
T
11
––
⋅
=
t
1
2
∫
0
2
2π
-----
T
2 π
-----
t
T
1⋅()sin
t
⋅()sintd
=
=
6/9
1
VB409 / VB409SP
PENTAWATT HV 022Y (VERTICAL HIGH PITCH) MECHANICAL DATA
Information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, STMicroelectronics assumes no responsibility for the consequences
of use of such information nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may results from its use. No license is
granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of STMicroelectronics. Specifications mentioned in this publication are
subject to change without notice. This publication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. STMicroelectronics products
are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without express written approval of STMicroelectronics.
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Singapore - Spain - Sweden - Switzerland - United Kingdom - U.S.A.
The ST logo is a trademark of STMicroelectronics
2000 STMicroelectronics - Printed in ITALY- All Rights Reserved.
STMicroelectronics GROUPOF COMPANIES
http://www.st.com
9/9
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