Ronan X96S User Manual
Instructions
and
Operating Manual
X96S
DENSITY GAGE
60%
Ronan Engineering
Process Setup
Filtering
Low Alarm
High Alarm
Empty Clamp
Linearization
Temp.
Press.
Table of Contents
OVERVIEW......................................................................................................................... 1
Advantages 1
Gamma's Advantages..................................................................................................................................................... 1
X96S Advantages........................................................................................................................................................... 1
BASIC CONCEPTS............................................................................................................2
Communications 2
4-20 MA......................................................................................................................................................................... 2
HART............................................................................................................................................................................. 2
Variables 2
Communications Variables............................................................................................................................................2
Device Variables............................................................................................................................................................ 2
THEORY .............................................................................................................................3
Theory of Radiation Gaging 3
Principles of Operation 3
PASSWORD....................................................................................................................... 5
MENUS/OPERATION......................................................................................................... 6
Menu Trees 6
Root Menu 12
Variables Menu............................................................................................................................................................ 12
Variable Mapping Menu ..........................................................................................................................................12
Status Display Menu ....................................................................................................................................................13
Configuration Menu..................................................................................................................................................... 13
Operation Menu ....................................................................................................................................................... 14
Filtering Menu .....................................................................................................................................................14
Empty Clamp Menu............................................................................................................................................. 15
Detector Fault Menu ............................................................................................................................................15
Linearization Menu .............................................................................................................................................. 15
Config Linearize Menu .................................................................................................................................... 15
Temp Comp Menu ............................................................................................................................................... 16
Pressure Comp Menu ........................................................................................................................................... 16
D1 Config Menu ......................................................................................................................................................17
% Solids Variables Menu..................................................................................................................................... 18
% Acids Variables Menu .....................................................................................................................................18
D2 Config Menu ......................................................................................................................................................18
% Solids Variables Menu..................................................................................................................................... 19
% Acids Variables Menu .....................................................................................................................................19
Proc Temp Config Menu.......................................................................................................................................... 19
Pressure Config Menu.............................................................................................................................................. 20
Head Temp Config Menu.........................................................................................................................................20
Alarms...................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Hardware Menu .......................................................................................................................................................21
Source Type Menu............................................................................................................................................... 22
Usr Def Source Menu ..........................................................................................................................................22
Analog Out Config................................................................................................................................................... 22
HART Output Menu ........................................................................................................................................... 23
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Com1 Protocol Menu....................................................................................................................................... 23
HART Menu ............................................................................................................................................................23
System Menu ...........................................................................................................................................................23
Digital Outputs Menu 24
Relay and TTL Menus .................................................................................................................................................25
Digital Inputs Menu 25
Input 1 Menu................................................................................................................................................................ 25
Calibration Menu 26
Ref Constants Menu..................................................................................................................................................... 26
Loop Config Menu....................................................................................................................................................... 27
Aux Loop Cfg Menu.................................................................................................................................................... 27
Calibrate Menu............................................................................................................................................................. 28
Low Reference Menu............................................................................................................................................... 28
High Calibrate Menu................................................................................................................................................ 28
Temp Reference Menu............................................................................................................................................. 28
Pressure Reference Menu......................................................................................................................................... 29
Auto Reference Menu .............................................................................................................................................. 29
Diagnostics............................................................................................................................................................... 29
X96S Local Display 30
Navigating Menus 30
Editing Values 31
Editing Fixed Point Numbers....................................................................................................................................... 31
Editing Floating Point Numbers...................................................................................................................................31
Editing Text Strings ..................................................................................................................................................... 31
Editing Enumerated Values .........................................................................................................................................31
X96 Local Display Vs 275 Calibrator 31
INSTALLATION................................................................................................................ 32
Caution......................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Specific License 32
(SA or GS Series)............................................................................................................................................. 32
General License 32
(RLL Source Holder) ....................................................................................................................................... 32
Unpacking 32
Storage 32
Mechanical Mounting 35
Electrical Installation of Interconnect Wiring 36
Microprocessor Verification 37
Power-up 38
PASSWORD..................................................................................................................... 39
QUICK START REFERENCE – CALIBRATING DENSITY .............................................40
QUICK START REFERENCE – CALIBRATING DENSITY............................................... 41
QUICK START REFERENCE – CALIBRATING DENSITY .............................................43
QUICK START REFERENCE – CALIBRATING DENSITY .............................................44
CALIBRATION .................................................................................................................45
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Reference Modes 45
Types of Calibration 45
Calibration ................................................................................................................................................................... 45
Low Reference (Single Point Calibration) ............................................................................................................... 45
Calibration Constant ................................................................................................................................................46
Calibration Curve..................................................................................................................................................... 46
High Calibration (Dual Point Calibration) ...............................................................................................................47
Preparation for Calibration........................................................................................................................................... 47
Dual-Point Calibration Procedure................................................................................................................................ 47
Single-Point Calibration Procedure.............................................................................................................................. 48
Temperature Compensation .........................................................................................................................................48
Documentation 49
CONFIGURATION............................................................................................................50
DETECTOR ......................................................................................................................51
Scintillator Detector 51
ION Chamber 53
ELECTRONICS ................................................................................................................58
X96-2001PL 58
X96-2003-01PL 58
X96-2003-02PL 58
X96-2003-03PL 58
X96-2003-04PL 58
X96-2003-05PL 58
X96-2004PL 58
X96-2005PL 58
X96-2008PL 58
X96-2009PL1 59
X96-2009PL2 59
X96-2009PL3 59
X96-2029PL 59
X96C148 59
X96C148-2 59
X96C148-4 59
X96S Mechanical Chassis & LCD Part Numbers 60
X96S Electronic Module Part Numbers 60
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Overview
The X96S is a family of measurement products that is intended to replace the current X96N and X99 product families. These
products:
• use nuclear measurement techniques,
• support all features of the current X96N and X99 products,
• support up to 32 scintillation or ionization detectors,
• optional HART interface,
• improved user interface options
• more user functionality, and
• more product flexibility.
Advantages
• Mounts external to existing pipe
• Displays in customers units
• Most applications can be solved with low-energy sources
• Not affected by:
-extreme temperatures
-caustic processes
-violent product flour
-sterile processes
-variable product flow velocity
Gamma's Advantages
1
,
• Mounts external to pipe or vessel (no components exposed to process material)
• Passes through process material
• Does not make material radioactive
• Does not change the material
• Can be shielded by lead
X96S Advantages
• HART Communications
• Identical interface on local display as via HART
• Blind transmitter in detector on self contained design
• Custom configuration of display
• Surface, panel or rack mount available
• Field mountable
• Push button calibration
• Empty pipe monitor
1
This includes the ability to have a simple or complex user interface a remote user interface or even no user interface.
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1
Basic Concepts
Communications
The Ronan X96S Density gage provides both 4-20 mA current loop and HART communications.
4-20 MA
For many years, the field communication standard for process automation equipment has been a 4-20 mA current loop signal. The
current varies in proportion to the process variable being represented. In typical applications, a signal of 4mA will correspond to
the lower limit (0%) of the calibrated range and 20mA will correspond to the upper limit (100%) of the calibrated range. Thus, if
the system is calibrated for 1 to 3 SGU, then an analog current of 12mA (50% of range) will correspond to a density of 2 SGU.
HART
HART Field Communications Protocol extends the 4-20mA current loop standard to enhance communication with smart field
instruments. The HART protocol was designed specifically for use with intelligent measurement and control instruments, which
traditionally communicate using 4-20mA analog signals. HART preserves the 4-20mA signal and enables two-way digital
communications to occur without disturbing the integrity of the 4-20mA signal. Unlike other digital communication technologies,
the HART protocol maintains compatibility with existing 4-20mA systems, and in doing so, provides users with a backward
compatible solution. HART Communication Protocol is well established as the "de facto" industry standard for digitally enhanced
4-20mA-field communication.
The enhanced communications capability of intelligent field instruments employing the HART protocol, offers significantly
greater functionality and improved performance over traditional 4-20mA analog devices. The HART protocol permits the process
variable to continue to be transmitted by the 4-20mA analog signal and additional information pertaining to other variable,
parameters, device configuration, calibration, and device diagnostics to be transmitted digitally at the same time. Thus, a wealth of
additional information related to plant operation is available to central control or monitoring systems through HART
communications.
Variables
There are two types of variables, communications variables and device variables.
Communications Variables
HART defines four device variables, PV (Primary Variable), SV (Secondary Variable), TV, and QV. PV is assigned to the primary
4-20 ma loop. HART is also communicated over this loop. SV is assigned to an optional secondary 4-20 mA loop.
Device Variables
The Ronan X96S Density gage has 5 device variables:
Device Variable Value
D1 Density
D2 Density in alternate units
Proc Temp Process Temperature
Pressure Process Pressure
Head Temp Head Temperature
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Theory
Theory of Radiation Gaging
Radiation gages operate on the principle of radiation absorption and transmission.
A beam of gamma radiation is directed from the source holder, through the pipe (or vessel) and its process material, and onto the
surface of the detector.
Some amount of radiation is absorbed by the material through which it passes, and some of the radiation is transmitted to the
surface of the detector.
Process measurement is possible because the amount of radiation absorbed and transmitted is predictable.
The absorbed radiation is directly related to the density (or mass) of process in the pipe while the transmitted radiation is inversely
related to the density (or mass) of process in the pipe.
Therefore, an increased process density results in a decrease of transmitted radiation.
Since the radiation that's not being absorbed is being transmitted, the process density can be inferred by measuring the amount of
radiation reaching the detector at any point in time. The detector's output signal, in counts, also varies inversely to the process
density.
When the process is light (low density) the detector is exposed to a maximum amount of radiation which produces a HIGH output
of counts. When the process is heavy (high density) the process material "shields" the detector and prevents radiation from
reaching the detector, producing a LOW output of counts.
Ronan’s Density Monitor is used to replace the lab sampling process since the gage output, when accurately calibrated, will
correlate to the density values of process taken from samples near the gage location.
The X96S Microprocessor converts the detector signal to user's measurement units of SGU, percent solids, Baume H, Baume L,
API, or percent steam. The X96S Microprocessor is capable of simultaneously displaying density in two different sets of units.
These different representations of the density value are called density 1 and density 2.
The X96S displays the output measurement range in the selected user units. Channel 1 and Channel 2 can be set independently.
For both channels, the "zero" of the measurement range represents the lowest density of interest, while the "span" of the
measurement range represents the highest density of interest.
Reduction of the signal "noise" due to radiation statistics is handled in the stage of signal processing known as digital filtering.
Digital filtering is a form of statistical averaging used to smooth, or dampen, random radiation as well as process-related noise.
Increasing the digital filter’s “time constant” decreases signal noise.
Dynamic tracking permits the gage response to temporarily by-pass the digital filter. This is helpful in some processes where
sudden or drastic step changes in process must be observed in their true, or unfiltered, state.
Software also compensates for the decay of the radioactive source activity. On-going adjustments are made automatically for the
rate of decay, or source half-life.
Principles of Operation
The detector's raw output signal is processed through several stages of software in the X96S.
Some of the more significant stages of signal processing are:
• Units Conversion – conversion of density (SpG) into user-selected units
• Measurement Range – 4-20 mA output defined by the user-selected range in user-selected units.
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• Digital Filtering – signal smoothing to reduce statistical radiation noise
• Dynamic Tracking – quick gage response to quick process changes.
• Source Decay Compensation – automatic compensation for the radioisotope decay
• Calibration (Referencing) – calibration of gage to user process.
The Calibration (or Referencing) procedure relates detector output (in counts) to numeric values that accurately represent the actual
process density.
The density algorithm (or curve) used by the X96S software is an exponential function. That is, the relationship between the
detector output and the process density is mathematically expressed as:
Id = Ioe
-ut(d-do)
Where:
Id = detector signal with process density (d)
= detector signal with reference density (do) in pipe
Io
u = the absorption coefficient
t = pipe internal diameter
d = density usually expressed in SpG
d
= reference density
o
The "calibration constant" (1/ut) is used by the X96S software to calculate process density.
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Password
Notice:
To access the Programming Menu, the Password is 101010.
Step 1: Power Up – You should now be on the Status Screen.
Step 2: Press F3 to go back.
Step 3: Now enter the password. (All digits are set at 000000 at this point.)
Press to get the digit to be # one
Press 2 times (The third digit should be highlighted.)
Press to get the digit to be # one
Press 2 times (The fifth digit should be highlighted.)
Press to get the digit to be # one
Press F4 (enter)
Note: If the wrong password was entered, press F1 (ALL0) to set all the digits to the number 0 and
you can begin re-entering the password from the beginning. Pressing F2 (RST0) will set the
individual digit that is highlighted back to the number 0.
Note: For security reasons, each digit will always be displayed as an asterisk.
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Menus/Operation
Menu Trees
The Ronan X96S Density Gage uses a tree structured menu system.
Ronan X96S - Density
Variables Variables
Status Display
Configuration 2 Variable Mapping Variable Mapping
Digital Outputs 4 PV [value units]
Digital Inputs 4 SV [value units] PV is [var mapped to PV]
Calibration 5 TV [value units] SV is [var mapped to SV]
Diagnostic QV [value units] TV is [var mapped to TV]
D1 [value units] QV is [var mapped to TV]
D2 [value units]
Proc Temp [value units]
Pressure [value units]
Head Temp [value units]
Raw Cnts [value]
Filt Cnts [value]
Status Display
Analog Bar [enable]
Line 1: [var]
Line 2: [var]
Line 3: [var]
Line 4: [var]
Line 5: [var]
Line 6: [var]
Line 7: [var]
Line 8: [var]
Figure 3-1 – Root, Variables and Displays Menus
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Configuration
Operation Operation
D1 Config 3
D2 Config 3 Filtering Filtering
Proc Temp Config Empty Clamp
Pressure Config Detector Fault Type RC
Head Temp Config Linearization Dyn Track [enable/disable]
Alarms 3 Temp Comp Sigma [value]
Hardware 3 Pressure Comp Fast TC [s]
HART Scan Time [ms] Fast Counter [value]
System Medium TC [s]
Proc Temp Config Slow Counter [value]
Temp Units [°C/F/R/Kelvin] Noise Filter [value]
Low Range [value] Monitor [track value]
High Range[value]
Pressure Config
Pressure Units
[psi;bar;g/Sqcm;kg/Sqcm;pa;kPa
;atm]
Low Range [value] Rcvry Time [seconds]
High Range [value] Min Counts [value]
Head Temp Config
Temp Units [°C/F/R/Kelvin]
Low Range [value] Linearize [enable/disable]
High Range [value] Clear Table
HART
Tag Name [name]
MultiDrop [addr] Table Entry # [number]
Univ Rev [rev] Entry Used [indicator]
Spec Rev [rev] Measured [value]
System Remove Entry
Slow TC [s]
Empty Clamp
Empty Clamp [enable/disable]
Off Time [seconds]
Max Counts [value]
Linearization
Config Linearize
Config Linearize
Actual [value]
Set Entry
Serial # [number] Temp Comp
Hardware Rev [rev]
Software Rev [rev] Temp Comp [enable/disable]
Date [date] Temp Units [units]
Hour (0-23) [hour] A Coeff [value]
Minute [min] B Coeff [value]
Password Enter Temp
Date/Time Format [sel]
Temp Auto Cap [enable/disable]
Last Ref. Temp [°F]
Pressure Comp
Pres Comp [enable/disable]
Pressure Units [units]
A Coeff [value]
Enter Pressure [value]
Pres Auto Cap [enable/disable]
Figure 3-2 – Configuration Menus (1 of 3)
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Configuration (Cont’d) Density 1 Config % Solids Variables
D1 Config D1 Units [units] Carrier [value]
D2 Config Low Range [value] Solids [value]
Alarms High Range [value]
Hardware % Solids Variables
% Acids Variables % Acids Variables
Density 2 Config Algorithm
Same Options as Density 1
D2 Units [units] Parameter B
Low Range [value] Parameter C
High Range [value]
% Solids Variables
% Acids Variables
Parameter A
Alarm 1 Alarm (number)
Alarm 2
Alarm 3 Source [variable]
Alarm 4 Alarm Type [variable]
Alarm 5 Setpoint [SGU]
Alarm 6 Setpoint 2 [SGU]
Alarm 7 Hysterisis [%]
Alarm 8
Alarm on 4-20 mA Alarm on 4-20mA
System Hardware System Hardware
Proc Temp [variable] CPU Card [type]
Source Type Slot 1 Details
Pressure Slot 2
Analog Out Config Slot 2 Details
HART Output X96S-20 Slot 3
Com1 Protocol Ronan Slot 3 Details
Alarms
None
Underrange
Overrange
Hardware Freeze
Slot 4
Slot 4 Details
Slot 5
Slot 5 Details
Slot 6
Slot 6 Details
Slot 7
Slot 7 Details
Slot 8
Slot 8 Details
Display X96-2000PL
Display Details
HART X96-2005PL
HART DB Details
Density Gage Manual 012407
Slot Details
Status
Serial Number
SW Major Rev
SW Minor Rev
HW Rev
Source Type
Source Type [type]
User Def Source
Next Reference[date]
Next Wipe Test
Next Shutter Test
Figure 3-2 – Configuration Menus (2 of 3)
8
Configuration (Cont’d) Hardware (Cont’d)
Hardware (Cont’d) System Hardware
Proc Temp [variable]
Source Type
Pressure
Analog Out Config Analog Out Config
HART Output Loop 1 (PV) [variable]
Com1 Protocol Ronan Loop 2 (SV) [variable]
Figure 3-2 – Configuration Menus (3 of 3)
Loop 3 (TV) [variable]
Power Source [int/ext]
HART Output
None
X96S-2005
Ser. Port 1
Com1 Protocol
None
Hart
Ronan Setup
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Digital Outputs Output
Output [Relay 1-4/TTL 1-4] Relay 1
Select Sources [variable] Relay 2
Polarity [variable] Relay 3
Relay 4
TTL 1
TTL 2
TTL 3
TTL 4
Output [selected relay or TTL]
Alarm 1 [yes/no]
Alarm 2 [yes/no]
Alarm 3 [yes/no]
Alarm 4 [yes/no]
Alarm 5 [yes/no]
Alarm 6 [yes/no]
Alarm 7 [yes/no]
Alarm 8 [yes/no]
Auto Cal Ref [yes/no]
Auto Cal Err [yes/no]
Ref Prompt [yes/no]
Wipe Test [yes/no]
Shutter Test [yes/no]
Empty Clamp [yes/no]
Detector Flt [yes/no]
System Alarm [yes/no]
Select Sources
Polarity
No/Not Driven
NC/Driven
Open/Not Driven
Closed/Driven
Digital Inputs Input 1
Input 1 Use [not used/auto ref]
Polarity [high/low]
Figure 4-1– Digital Output and Digital Input Menus
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Calibration
State [state]
Ref Constants Ref Constants
Calibrate
Last Ref Date [date] Ref Mode [variable]
Last Ref Time [time] Calibr. Mode [variable]
Loop Config Ref Time [time]
Aux Loop Cfg Min Ref Cnts [counts]
Max Ref Cnts [counts]
Calibrate Low Reference
Low Reference Reference
High Calibrate Ref Density [value units]
Manual Entry Ref Cap [counts]
Clear Ref/Cal
Temp Ref High Calibrate
Pressure Ref
Auto Reference Calibrate
Loop Config Cal Cap [counts]
PV is [variable]
Loop test Manual Entry
Damping
D/A trim 1/uT [slope]
Aux Loop Config Temp Reference
SV is [variable] Temp Ref
Aux 1 Test Temp Cap Low [counts]
Aux 1 Trim Temp Cap High [counts]
TV is [variable]
Diagnostic Pressure Reference
Cal Density [value units]
1/uT [slope]
Raw Counts Ref/Cal Data Pressure Ref
Filt. Counts Pres Cap Low [counts]
Raw Dens. Last Ref Date [date] Pres Cap High [counts]
Current Ref Density 0
Ref/Cal Data Cal Density 2 Auto Reference
Alarms Ref Cap
Cal Cap Auto Ref [enable]
Last Ref Temp Ref Delay [s]
1/uT Auto Ref Density [SGU]
Alarms
Sys. Alarm
Empty Clamp
Det. Fault
AutoCal Ref
AutoCal Error
Ref. Prompt
Wipe Test
Shutter Test
Alarms
Output
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Figure 3-5 – Calibration Menus
11
Root Menu
The root menu is titled “Ronan X96S – Density”. It contains the following items:
ITEM FUNCTION
Variables
Displays
Configuration
Digital Outputs
Digital Inputs
Calibration
Diagnostic
Variables Menu
The menu titled “Variables” contains the following items:
ITEM FUNCTION
Variable Mapping
PV
SV
TV
QV
D1
D2
Proc Temp
Pressure
Head Temp
Raw Counts
Filt Counts
Selecting this takes the user to the Variables menu
Selecting this takes the user to the Displays menu
Selecting this takes the user to the Configuration menu
Selecting this takes the user to the Digital Outputs menu
Selecting this takes the user to the Digital Inputs menu
Selecting this takes the user to the Calibration menu
Selecting this takes the user to the Diagnostic menu
Selecting this takes the user to the Variable Mapping menu
Shows the current value of PV (the Primary Variable)
Shows the current value of SV (the Secondary Variable)
Shows the current value of TV (the Third Variable)
Shows the current value of QV (the Fourth Variable)
Shows the current value of D1 (the Density Variable)
Shows the current value of D2 (the Density Variable in alternate units)
Shows the current value of Proc Temp (the Process Temperature)
Shows the current value of Pressure (the Process Pressure)
Shows the current value of Head Temp (the Head Temperature)
Shows the current Raw Counts value from the detector
Shows the current Filtered Counts value from the detector
Variable Mapping Menu
The “Variable Mapping” menu allows the user to select the device variable to be mapped to PV, SV, TV, and QV. It contains
the following items:
ITEM FUNCTION
PV is
SV is
TV is
QV is
Each PV, SV, TV, and QV may each select one of the following:
SELECTION
D1
D2
Proc Temp
Pressure
Head Temp
Not Assigned
Density Gage Manual 012407
Shows the device variable assigned to PV and allows the user to change the selection
Shows the device variable assigned to SV and allows the user to change the selection
Shows the device variable assigned to TV and allows the user to change the selection
Shows the device variable assigned to QV and allows the user to change the selection
MEANING
Density represented in units that are used locally
Density represented in alternate units
Process temperature
Process pressure (if available)
Head temperature (if available)
Blank line
12
Status Display Menu
The menu titled “Status Display” is used to configure the device status display. It contains the following items
ITEM FUNCTION
Analog Bar
Line 1:
Line 2:
Line 3:
Line 4:
Line 5:
Line 6:
Line 7:
Line 8:
Each line can select one of the following:
Shows the current state of the analog bar display (enabled or disabled) and allows the
user change the state.
Shows the data to be displayed on line 1 of the status display and allows the user to
change the selection
Shows the data to be displayed on line 2 of the status display and allows the user to
change the selection
Shows the data to be displayed on line 3 of the status display and allows the user to
change the selection
Shows the data to be displayed on line 4 of the status display and allows the user to
change the selection
Shows the data to be displayed on line 5 of the status display and allows the user to
change the selection
Shows the data to be displayed on line 6 of the status display and allows the user to
change the selection
Shows the data to be displayed on line 7 of the status display and allows the user to
change the selection
Shows the data to be displayed on line 8 of the status display and allows the user to
change the selection
SELECTION
D1
D2
Proc Temp
Pressure
Head Temp
4-20 mA
Raw Cnts
Filt. Cnts
Date & Time
Diagnostic
Not Assigned
MEANING
Density represented in units that are used locally
Density represented in alternate units,
Process temperature
Process pressure (if available)
Head temperature (if available)
4-20 mA output level
Raw counts (from scintillation detector) or raw analog measurement (from ionization
detector
Filtered counts (from scintillation detector) or (from ionization detector)
Current date and time
Selecting this takes the user to the Diagnostic Menu
Blank line
Configuration Menu
The Configuration menu is used to access area configuration menus. It contains the following items:
ITEM FUNCTION
Operation
D1 Config
D2 Config
Proc Temp Config
Pressure Config
Head Temp Config
Alarms
Hardware
HART
System
Selecting this takes the user to the Operation menu
Selecting this takes the user to the D1 Config menu
Selecting this takes the user to the D2 Config menu
Selecting this takes the user to the Proc Temp Config menu
Selecting this takes the user to the Pressure Config menu
Selecting this takes the user to the Head Temp Config menu
Selecting this takes the user to the Alarm menu
Selecting this takes the user to the Hardware menu
Selecting this takes the user to the HART menu
Selecting this takes the user to the System menu
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Operation Menu
The Operation menu is used to access the menus and variables that control the processing of the density data. It contains the
following items:
ITEM FUNCTION
Filtering
Empty Clamp
Detector Fault
Linearization
Temp Comp
Pressure Comp
Scan Time
Selecting this takes the user to the Filtering menu
Selecting this takes the user to the Empty Clamp menu
Selecting this takes the user to the Detector Fault menu
Selecting this takes the user to the Linearization menu
Selecting this takes the user to the Temp Comp menu
Selecting this takes the user to the Pressure Comp menu
Shows the amount of time to accumulate each density sample and allows the user
change the time value.
Filtering Menu
The Filtering menu is used to configure the parameters associated with the mold level measurement filter, utilizing the
standard scan rate. It contains the following items:
ITEM FUNCTION
Dyn Track
Sigma
Fast TC
Fast Counter
Medium TC
Slow Counter
Slow TC
Noise Filter
Monitor
Shows the current state of the dynamic tracking filter (enabled or disabled) and allows
the user to change the state
Shows the (sigma) multiplier used to determine maximum number of raw count
variation (for scintillation) or raw analog value (for ion chamber) that the input can
vary from the current filtered counts before changing to the dynamic filter. Sigma is
the square root of the current filtered counts. Also allows user to change this number.
Fast Time Constant value to be used when the Fast Counter reaches zero
Shows the fast count down counter value. If gage has been in dynamic tracking long
enough to be using Medium filter and the raw counts continued to exceed the sigma
value, the fast counter value is decreased each consecutive scan. The Fast counter
value resets and returns back to the original value if the raw counts do not continue to
exceed the sigma value. Once the Fast TC is triggered, it will continue to be used until
the counts are within the sigma value for the Fast counter number of times
consecutively. Also allows user to change this number
Medium Time Constant value to be used when the Slow Counter reaches zero
Shows the slow count down counter value. If gage is in dynamic tracking, and the raw
counts continue to exceed the sigma value, the slow counter value is decreased each
consecutive scan. The Slow counter value resets and returns back to the original value
if the raw counts do not continue to exceed the sigma value. Also allows user to
change this number
Slow Time Constant value to be used if the Slow Counter has not reached zero
Shows the maximum number of potentially erroneous measurements in a row to
bridge before deciding that a step change has occurred in the mold level value. Also
allows user to change this number. Erroneous measurement is defined when the raw
signal is 4 times the pre-selected sigma multiplier
Shows the current state of the filtering mechanism
Monitor (filter state) one of the following:
ITEM
ERROR
FILL
TRACK
REFILL
Density Gage Manual 012407
MEANING
Filter is not initialized (this state should not occur during normal operation of the
X96S Density Gage)
The walking average buffer is filling
The walking average buffer is filled and the filter is tracking changes in the density
value
A step change has occurred and the walking average buffer is refilling
14
Empty Clamp Menu
The X96S uses a mechanism called empty clamp to protect detectors (particular scintillation detectors) from saturation conditions.
i.e.: Material being processed is lower than detector range, causing too much radiation to reach the detector, possibly damaging
the electronics. The Min Counts and the Max Counts parameters set the threshold (in raw counts
2
) for activation of the empty
clamp function. These Count values should be set above (Max Counts) the Reference Counts, and below (Min Counts) the
Calibrate Counts, and beyond your normal measurement range.
The Empty Clamp menu is used to configure the parameters associated with the mechanism that shuts off power to the detector
if the detector receives more radiation than it is capable of measuring. It contains the following items:
ITEM FUNCTION
Empty Clamp
Shows the current state of the empty clamp mechanism (enabled or disabled) and
allows the user change the state.
Off Time
Shows and allows the user to change the number of seconds that power to the detector
be shut off when the empty clamp mechanism activates before turning the detector on
to see if the radiation level has dropped to a value that the detector is capable of
measuring. Typical value ranges from 15 to 30 minutes.
Rcvry Time
Shows and allows the user to change the number of seconds that power will be applied
to the detector when the empty clamp mechanism has activated to see if the radiation
level has dropped to a value that the detector is capable of measuring. Typical value
here is 30 seconds.
Min Counts
Shows and allows the user to change the number minimum number of counts that are
used to determine that the detector is saturated (exposed to more radiation than it is
capable of measuring).
Max Counts
Shows and allows the user to change the number maximum number of counts that are
used to determine that the detector is exposed to more radiation than it is capable of
measuring.
Detector Fault Menu
The Detector Fault menu is used to configure a window in which the detector counts must fall within, in order to complete a
reference/calibration.
Linearization Menu
The X96S is capable of performing a multi-point linearization of the density data when required by an application. The
linearization table contains ten entries, numbered 1 through 10. Each entry consists of a measured value, an actual value, and a flag
that indicates if the entry is used
The Linearization menu is used to control the linearization mechanism. It contains the following items:
ITEM FUNCTION
Linearize
Clear Table
Config Linearize
Config Linearize Menu
The Config Linearize menu is used to configure the parameters associated with linearization of the measured data. It contains
the following items:
2
The threshold is in raw counts since the overload is a function of the radiation effect on the detector and not related to any
corrected or converted data.
3
Not all of the entries need to be used and the entries do not need to be used in any particular order.
3
.
Shows the current state of the Linearization mechanism (enabled or disabled) and
allows the user change the state.
This invokes a method that clears all entries in the linearization table
Selecting this takes the user to the Config Linearize menu
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ITEM FUNCTION
Table Entry #
Entry Used
Measured
Shows and allows the user to select an entry in the linearization table
Shows if the entry is used or not.
Shows and allows the user to set the measured value associated with this linearization
table entry. This is a value calculated by the X96S.
Actual
Shows and allows the user to set the actual value associated with this linearization
table entry. This value is the result of a lab sample, and compares to the Measured
value above.
Set Entry
Remove Entry
This invokes a method that sets a table entry
This invokes a method that removes a table entry
Temp Comp Menu
Temperature compensation in the X96s is calculated as a quadratic function4. If temperature compensation is to be used, the
process temperature can be captured automatically for you during Referencing by enabling Temp Auto Cap. If you choose to
enter the temperature manually, the entered value should be the temperature of the process material during the Referencing
function.
Process temperature is typically read via platinum or nickel, 2 or 3-wire RTD attached to the X96S. In these cases, the X96S needs
no temperature calibration. You can optionally feed a 0-10volt or 4-20mA signal into the X96S from another source that
represents the range of temperature for your process. In this case, you will need to perform a Temp Ref to set the range of
measurement. You will also need to define the type of temperature device you are using in the Hardware Menu, Proc Temp
menus.
The Temp Comp menu is used to control the temperature compensation mechanism
ITEM FUNCTION
Temp Comp
Shows the current state of the temperature compensation mechanism (enabled or
disabled) and allows the user change the state.
Temp Units
Shows and allows the user to set the temperature units used to by the temperature
compensation mechanism.
A Coeff
Shows and allows the user to set the “A” coefficient that relates temperature to
changes in density.
B Coeff
Shows and allows the user to set the “B” coefficient that relates temperature to
changes in density.
Enter Temp
Shows and allows the user to set the process temperature at the time that the gage was
Referenced (if Auto Cap was ‘enabled’ during Referencing).
Temp Auto Cap
This invokes a method that captures the process temperature automatically during gage
Referencing.
Last Ref Temp
Shows the temperature of the process at the time the last reference was completed
Temp Units is one of the following:
ITEM MEANING
degC
degF
degR
Kelvin
degrees Celsius
degrees Fahrenheit
degrees Rankine
degrees Kelvin
4
. It contains the following items:
Pressure Comp Menu
Pressure compensation is calculated based on the pressure input. The pressure-input range is selected in the Pressure Config
Menu, Hardware Menu, and the Pressure Reference Menu.
The Pressure Comp menu is used to control pressure compensation mechanism
4
compensated density = uncompensated density + (A Coeff * temperature delta) + (B Coeff * temperature delta2)
5
compensated density = uncompensated density + (A Coeff * pressure delta)
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5
. It contains the following items:
ITEM FUNCTION
Pres Comp
Pressure Units
A Coeff
Enter Pressure
Pres Auto Cap
Scan Time
Pressure Units is one of the following:
ITEM MEANING
PSI
Bar
G/Sqcm
Kg/Sqcm
Pa
KPa
atm
Shows the current state of the pressure compensation mechanism (enabled or disabled)
and allows the user change the state
Shows and allows the user to se, the pressure units used to by the pressure
compensation mechanism
Shows and allows the user to set the “A” coefficient that relates pressure to changes in
density
Shows, and allows the user to set, the process pressure at the time that the gage was
Referenced (if Auto Cap was ‘enabled’ during Referencing).
This invokes a method that captures the process temperature automatically during gage
Referencing
Shows the amount of time to accumulate each density sample and allows the user to
change the time value
Pounds per square inch
Bar
Grams/square centimeter
Kilograms/square centimeter
Pascal
Kilopascal
Atmosphere
D1 Config Menu
The D1 Config menu is used to configure the parameters associated with the density measurement. It contains the following
items:
ITEM FUNCTION
D1 Units
D1 Low Range
D1 High Range
% Solids
Variables
% Acids
Variables
D1 Units is one of the following:
ITEM MEANING
SGU
degTwad
degBrix
degBaum_hv
degBaum_lt
degAPI
Percent_sol_wt
degBall
percent_StmQual
% Acids
Shows and allows the user to set the density units used
Shows and allows the user to set the density value to be mapped to 4ma on the current
loop output, if D1 is selected to control that current loop.
Shows and allows the user to set the density value to be mapped to20ma on the current
loop output, if D1 is selected to control that current loop.
Selecting this takes the user to the % Solids Variables menu
Selecting this takes the user to the % Acids Variables menu
specific gravity
degrees twaddle
degrees brix
degrees baume heavy
degrees baume light
degrees API
percent solids by weight
degrees balling
percent steam quality
percent acids
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