Page 1
R&S
®
ESP
I
EMI Test Receiver
Operating Manual
1164.6607.12 – 02
Operating Manual
Test & Measurement
Page 2
The Operating Manual describes the following R&S®ESPI models and options:
( R&S ESPI3 (1164.6407K03)
( R&S ESPI7 (1164.6407K07)
( R&S FSP-B6 (1129.8594.02)
( R&S FSP-B9 (1129.6991.02)
( R&S FSP-B10 (1129.8042.03)
( R&S FSP-B16 (1129.8042.03)
© 2009 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
81671 Munich, Germany
Printed in Germany – Subject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding.
®
is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
R&S
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual:
®
ESPI is abbreviated as R&S ESPI.
R&S
Page 3
R&S ESPI Documentation Overview
Documentation Overview
The documentation of the R&S ESPI consists of base unit manuals and option manuals. All manuals are provided in PDF format on the CD-ROM delivered with the
instrument. Each software option available for the instrument is described in a separate software manual.
The base unit documentation comprises the following manuals and documents:
• Quick Start Guide
• Operating Manual
• Service Manual
• Internet Site
• Release Notes
Apart from the base unit, these manuals describe the following models and options
of the R&S ESPI EMI Test Receiver. Options that are not listed are described in separate manuals. These manuals are provided on an extra CD-ROM. For an overview
of all options available for the R&S ESPI visit the R&S ESPI EMI Test Receiver
Internet site.
Base unit models
• R&S ESPI3 (9kHz to 3 GHz)
• R&S ESPI7 (9kHz to 7 GHz))
Options described in the base unit manuals:
• R&S FSP-B6 (TV and RF Trigger)
• R&S FSP-B9 (Tracking Generator)
• R&S FSP-B10 (External Generator Control)
• R&S FSP-B16 (LAN Interface,)
Quick Start Guide
This manual is delivered with the instrument in printed form and in PDF format on
the CD-ROM. It provides the information needed to set up and start working with the
instrument. Basic operations and basic measurements are described. Also a brief
introduction to remote control is given. More detailed descriptions are provided in
the Operating Manual. The Quick Start Guide includes general information (e.g.
Safety Instructions) and the following chapters:
Chapter 1 Front and Rear Panel
Chapter 2 Preparing for Use
Chapter 3 Firmware-Update and Installation of Firmware Options
Chapter 4 Basic Operation
Chapter 5 Basic Measurement Examples
Chapter 6 LAN Interface
Appendix A Printer Interface
Appendix B External Generator Control
Appendix C Brief Introduction to Remote Control
0.6 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 4
R&S ESPI Documentation Overview
Operating Manual
This manual is a supplement to the Quick Start Guide and is available in PDF format
on the CD-ROM delivered with the instrument. To retain the familiar structure that
applies to all operating manuals of Rohde&Schwarz Test & Measurement instruments, the chapters 1 and 3 exist, but only in form of references to the corresponding Quick Start Guide chapters. The operating manual has the following chapters:
Chapter 1 Putting into Operation
see Quick Start Guide chapters 1 and 2.
Chapter 2 Getting Started
see Quick Start Guide chapter 5.
Chapter 3 Manual Operation
see Quick Start Guide chapter 4.
Chapter 4 Instrument Functions
forms a reference for manual operation of the R&S ESPI and contains a description of all instrument functions and their application.
Chapter 5 Remote Control - Basics
describes the basics for programming the R&S ESPI, command processing and the status reporting system.
Chapter 6 Remote Control - Description of Commands
lists all the remote-control commands defined for the instrument.
Chapter 7 Remote Control - Programming Examples
contains program examples for a number of typical applications of
the R&S ESPI.
Chapter 8 Maintenance and Instrument Interfaces
describes preventive maintenance and the characteristics of the
instrument’s interfaces.
Chapter 9 Error Messages
gives a list of error messages that the R&S ESPI may generate.
Index contains an index for the chapters 1 to 9 of the operating manual.
Service Manual
This manual is available in PDF format on the CD-ROM delivered with the instrument. It informs on how to check compliance with rated specifications, on instrument
function, repair, troubleshooting and fault elimination. It contains all information
required for repairing the R&S ESPI by the replacement of modules. The manual
includes the following chapters:
Chapter 1 Performance Test
Chapter 2 Adjustment
Chapter 3 Repair
Chapter 4 Software Update / Installing Options
Chapter 5 Documents
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 0.7
Page 5
R&S ESPI Documentation Overview
Internet Site
The Internet site at: R&S ESPI EMI Test Receiver provides the most up to date infor-
mation on the R&S ESPI.
The current operating manual at a time is available as printable PDF file in the
download area. Also provided for download are firmware updates including the
associated release notes, instrument drivers, current data sheets and application
notes.
Release Notes
The release notes describe the installation of the firmware, new and modified functions, eliminated problems, and last minute changes to the documentation. The corresponding firmware version is indicated on the title page of the release notes. The
current release notes are provided in the Internet.
0.8 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 6
Certificate No.: 2004-39
This is to certify that:
Equipment type Stock No. Designation
ESPI3 1164.6407.03 EMI Test Receiver
ESPI7 1164.6407.07
ESPI-B2 1129.7498.02 Preselector
ESPI-B20 1155.1606.07 Extended Environment Specs
EC Certificate of Conformity
complies with the provisions of the Directive of the Council of the European Union on the
approximation of the laws of the Member States
- relating to electrical equipment for use within defined voltage limits
(2006/95/EC)
- relating to electromagnetic compatibility
(2004/108/EC)
Conformity is proven by compliance with the following standards:
EN61010-1 : 2001-12
EN55011 : 1998 + A1:1999 + A2:2002, Class B
EN61326 : 1997 + A1:1998 + A2:2001 + A3 : 2003
For the assessment of electromagnetic compatibility, instrument class B as well as immunity
to interference for operation in industry have been used as a basis.
Affixing the EC conformity mark as from 2004
ROHDE & SCHWARZ GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, D-81671 München
Munich, 2008-04-02 Central Quality Management MF-QZ / Radde
1164.6407.01 CE E-3
Page 7
Page 8
R&S ESPI Putting into Operation
1 Putting into Operation
For details refer to the Quick Start Guide chapter 1, “Front and Rear Panel” and
chapter 2, “ Preparing for Use”.
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 01 1.1
Page 9
R&S ESPI Putting into Operation
1.2 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 01
Page 10
R&S ESPI Getting Started
2 Getting Started
For details refer to the Quick Start Guide chapter 1, “Basic Measurement Examples”.
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 2.1
Page 11
R&S ESPI Getting Started
2.2 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 12
R&S ESPI Manual Operation
3 Manual Operation
For details refer to the Quick Start Guide chapter 4, “Basic Operation”.
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 3.1
Page 13
R&S ESPI Manual Operation
3.2 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 14
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
4 Instrument Functions
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5
4.2 R&S ESPI Initial Configuration – PRESET Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6
4.3 Mode Selection – Hotkey Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9
4.4 Return to Manual Operation – LOCAL Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.10
4.5 Receiver Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.11
4.5.1 Operation on a Discrete Frequency – FREQ Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.14
4.5.2 Level Display and RF Input Configuration – AMPT Key . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.16
4.5.3 Setting the IF Bandwidth – BW Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.19
4.5.3.1List of Available Channel Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.21
4.5.4 Selection of the Measurement Function – MEAS Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.22
4.5.4.1Selecting the Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.26
4.5.4.2Setting the Measurement Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.28
4.5.4.3AF Demodulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.30
4.5.4.4Data Reduction and Peak List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.31
4.5.4.5Automatic Final Measurement with Threshold Scan . . . . . . . . . . . 4.33
4.5.4.6Selection of Detectors for Final Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.44
4.5.5 Frequency Scan and Time Domain Scan – SWEEP Key . . . . . . . . . . . 4.48
4.5.5.1Stepped Scan in the Frequency Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.48
4.5.5.2Display of Measurement Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.50
4.5.5.3Entry of Scan Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.50
4.5.5.4Running a Scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.55
4.5.6 Triggering the Scan – TRIG Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.56
4.5.7 Marker Functions – MKR Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.58
4.5.8 Change of Settings via Markers – MKR-> Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.59
4.5.9 Marker Functions – MKR FCTN Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.63
4.5.10 Selection and Setting of Traces – TRACE Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.64
4.5.10.1Selection of Trace Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.65
4.6 Analyzer Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.71
4.6.1 Frequency and Span Selection – FREQ Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.71
4.6.2 Setting the Frequency Span – SPAN Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.75
4.6.3 Level Display Setting and RF Input Configuration – AMPT Key . . . . . . 4.76
4.6.4 Setting the Bandwidths and Sweep Time – BW Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.80
4.6.4.1Filter Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.85
4.6.4.2List of Available Channel Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.86
4.6.5 Sweep Settings – SWEEP Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.88
4.6.6 Triggering the Sweep – TRIG Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.90
4.6.7 Selection and Setting of Traces – TRACE Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.98
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.1
Page 15
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
4.6.8 Selection of Trace Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.98
4.6.8.1Selection of Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.105
4.6.8.2Mathematical Functions for Traces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.110
4.6.9 Recording the Correction Data – CAL Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.110
4.6.10 Markers and Delta Markers – MKR Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.112
4.6.10.1Frequency Measurement with the Frequency Counter . . . . . . . 4.114
4.6.11 Marker Functions – MKR FCTN Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.119
4.6.11.1Activating the Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.120
4.6.11.2Measurement of Noise Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.121
4.6.11.3Phase Noise Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.122
4.6.11.4Measurement of the Filter or Signal Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.125
4.6.11.5Measurement of a Peak List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.125
4.6.11.6AF Demodulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.127
4.6.11.7Selecting the Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.129
4.6.12 Change of Settings via Markers – MKR-> Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.129
4.6.13 Power Measurements – MEAS Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.136
4.6.13.1Power Measurement in Time Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.137
4.6.13.2Channel and Adjacent-Channel Power Measurements . . . . . . . 4.142
4.6.13.3Setting the Channel Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.152
4.6.13.4Measurement of Signal Amplitude Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.166
4.6.13.5Measurement of Carrier/Noise Ratio C/N and C/No . . . . . . . . . 4.174
4.6.13.6Measurement of the AM Modulation Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.176
4.6.13.7Measurement of the Third Order Intercept (TOI) . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.177
4.6.13.8Harmonic Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.180
4.6.13.9Measuring Spurious Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.182
4.6.13.10Spectrum Emission Mask Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.189
4.7 Basic Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.206
4.7.1 Setup of Limit Lines and Display Lines – LINES Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.206
4.7.1.1Selection of Limit Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.207
4.7.1.2Entry and Editing of Limit Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.211
4.7.1.3Display Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.216
4.7.2 Configuration of Screen Display – DISP Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.218
4.7.3 Instrument Setup and Interface Configuration – SETUP Key . . . . . . . 4.224
4.7.3.1External Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.227
4.7.3.2Control of V-Networks (LISNs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.227
4.7.3.3Preamplification and Preselection (Option R&S ESPI-B2) . . . . . . 4.228
4.7.3.4Transducer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.230
4.7.3.5Programming the Interface Configuration and Time Setup . . . . . 4.240
4.7.3.6System Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.253
4.7.3.7Service Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.255
4.7.3.8Firmware Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.259
4.7.3.9External Noise Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.260
4.2 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 16
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
4.7.4 Saving and Recalling Data Sets – FILE Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.260
4.7.4.1Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.260
4.7.4.2Operating Concept of File Managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.265
4.7.5 Measurement Documentation – HCOPY Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.269
4.7.5.1Selecting Printer Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.272
4.8 Tracking Generator – Option R&S FSP-B9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.276
4.8.1 Tracking Generator Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.276
4.8.2 Transmission Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.278
4.8.2.1Calibration of Transmission Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.278
4.8.2.2Normalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.280
4.8.3 Reflection Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.283
4.8.3.1Calibration of Reflection Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.284
4.8.4 Calibration Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.284
4.8.5 Frequency-Converting Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.286
4.8.6 External Modulation of the Tracking Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.287
4.8.7 Power Offset of the Tracking Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.289
4.9 External Generator Control – Option R&S FSP-B10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.290
4.9.1 External Generator Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.291
4.9.2 Transmission Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.292
4.9.2.1Calibration of Transmission Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.292
4.9.2.2Normalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.294
4.9.3 Reflection Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.297
4.9.3.1Calibration of Reflection Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.298
4.9.4 Calibration Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.298
4.9.5 Frequency-Converting Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.300
4.9.6 Configuration of an External Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.301
4.9.7 List of Generator Types Supported by the R&S ESPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.304
4.10 LAN Interface - Option R&S FSP-B16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.309
4.10.1 NOVELL Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.309
4.10.2 MICROSOFT Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.309
4.10.3 Remote Data Transfer with TCP/IP Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.309
4.11 RSIB Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.311
4.11.1 Remote Control via RSIB Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.311
4.11.1.1Windows Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.311
4.11.1.2UNIX Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.312
4.12 RSIB Interface Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.313
4.12.1 Overview of Interface Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.313
4.12.1.1Variables ibsta, iberr, ibcntl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.314
4.12.1.2Description of Interface Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.315
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.3
Page 17
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
4.12.2 Programming via the RSIB Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.322
4.12.2.1Visual Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.322
4.12.2.2Visual Basic for Applications (Winword and Excel) . . . . . . . . . . 4.325
4.12.2.3C / C++ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.326
4.4 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 18
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Introduction
4.1 Introduction
All functions of the R&S ESPI and their application are explained in detail in this
chapter. The sequence of the described menu groups depends on the procedure
selected for the configuration and start of a measurement:
1. Resetting the instrument
– “R&S ESPI Initial Configuration – PRESET Key” on page 4.6
2. Setting the mode
– “Mode Selection – Hotkey Bar” on page 4.9
– “Return to Manual Operation – LOCAL Menu” on page 4.10
3. Setting the measurement parameters in receiver mode
– “Receiver Mode” on page 4.11
4. Setting the measurement parameters in analyzer mode
– “Analyzer Mode” on page 4.71
5. Basic functions for general settings, printout and data management
– “Setup of Limit Lines and Display Lines – LINES Key” on page 4.206
– “Configuration of Screen Display – DISP Key” on page 4.218
– “Instrument Setup and Interface Configuration – SETUP Key” on page 4.224
– “Saving and Recalling Data Sets – FILE Key” on page 4.260
– “Measurement Documentation – HCOPY Key” on page 4.269
6. Additional and optional functions
– “Tracking Generator – Option R&S FSP-B9” on page 4.211
– “External Generator Control – Option R&S FSP-B10” on page 4.290
– “LAN Interface - Option R&S FSP-B16” on page 4.309
The operating concept is described in the Quick Start Guide, chapter 4, “Basic Operation”.
The remote commands (if any) are indicated for each softkey. A detailed description
of the associated remote commands is given in chapter “Remote Control – Descrip-
tion of Commands”.
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.5
Page 19
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
R&S ESPI Initial Configuration – PRESET Key
4.2 R&S ESPI Initial Configuration – PRESET Key
PRESET
Using the PRESET key, the R&S ESPI can be set to a predefined initial state.
The settings are selected in a way that the RF input is always protected against
overload, provided that the applied signal levels are in the allowed range for the
instrument.
The initial instrument state set by the PRESET key can be adapted to arbitrary
applications using the STARTUP RECALL function. With this function the STARTUP RECALL data set is loaded upon pressing the PRESET key. For further information refer to section “Saving and Recalling Data Sets – FILE Key” on
page 4.260.
Two predefined initial states can be selected in the SETUP side menu. Default state
is RECEIVER PRESET. The ANALYZER PRESET is compatible with the settings of
R&S ESPI EMI Test Receiver and R&S FSP Spectrum Analyzer. It facilitates programming of control software for several instrument types.
Pressing the PRESET key causes the R&S ESPI to enter its initial state according to
one of the following tables:
4.6 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 20
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
R&S ESPI Initial Configuration – PRESET Key
Table 4-4 RECEIVER SETUP of R&S ESPI
Parameter Settings
Mode Mixed (Bargraph in screen A und Spectrum in screen B)
Center frequency 100 MHz
Center frequency step size AUTO COARSE
Span 5 MHz
RF attenuation auto (10 dB minimum)
Reference level 87 dBµV (-20 dBm)
Level range 100 dB log
Level unit dBµV
Sweep time auto (5 ms / 140 ms / 600 ms for R&S ESPI-3/-7/-30)
Resolution bandwidth Bargraph 120 kHz / 6 dB, Analyzer auto (100 kHz / 3 dB)
Video bandwidth Bargraph 1 MHz, Analyzer auto (300 kHz)
FFT filters off
Span / RBW 50
RBW / VBW Analyzer 0,33
Sweep cont
Trigger free run
Trace 1 clr write, autopeak
Trace 2/3 blank
Detector Bargraph Average
Trace math off
Frequency offset 0 Hz
Reference level offset 0 dB
Reference level position 100 %
Grid abs
Cal correction on
Noise source off
Input RF
Display Split screen
Tracking generator (only with
option R&S FSP-B9)
External generator 1/2 (only
with option R&S FSP-B10)
Preamplifier (only with option
R&S ESPI-B2)
Preselector (only with option
R&S ESPI-B2)
off
off
off
off
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.7
Page 21
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
R&S ESPI Initial Configuration – PRESET Key
Table 4-5 ANALYZER SETUP of R&S ESPI
Parameter Settings
Mode Spectrum
Center frequency 1,5 GHz / 3,5 GHz for R&S ESPI-3/-7
Center frequency step size 0.1 ×
Span 3 GHz / 7 GHz (R&S ESPI-3/-7)
RF attenuation auto (10 dB)
Reference level -20 dBm
Level range 100 dB log
Level unit dBm
Sweep time auto
Resolution bandwidth auto (3 MHz)
Video bandwidth auto (10 MHz)
FFT filters off
Span / RBW 50
RBW / VBW 0,33
Sweep cont
Trigger free run
Trace 1 clr write
Trace 2/3 blank
Detector auto peak
center frequency
Trace math off
Frequency offset 0 Hz
Reference level offset 0 dB
Reference level position 100 %
Grid abs
Cal correction on
Noise source off
Input RF
Display Full screen, active screen A
Tracking generator (only with
option R&S FSP-B9)
External generator 1/2 (only
with option R&S FSP-B10)
Preamplifier (only with option
R&S ESPI-B2)
Preselector (only with option
R&S ESPI-B2)
off
off
off
off
4.8 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 22
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Mode Selection – Hotkey Bar
4.3 Mode Selection – Hotkey Bar
For fast mode selection the R&S ESPI has keys located under the measurement
screen, the so-called hotkeys. These hotkeys are displayed depending on the
options installed on the instrument. According to the selected mode, the corresponding softkey menus are displayed (on the right side of the measurement screen).
In this section, only the hotkeys provided by the basic model are described. For
information on the other hotkeys refer to the corresponding option descriptions.
Fig. 4.1 Hotkey bar of the basic model
SPECTRUM
RECEIVER
MORE
SCREEN A /
SCREEN B
The SPECTRUM hotkey sets R&S ESPI to analyzer mode. For details on the softkey menus refer to section “Analyzer Mode” on page 4.71.
Remote command: INST:SEL SAN
INST:NSEL 1
The RECEIVER hotkey sets the R&S ESPI in the test receiver mode.
Remote command: INST:SEL REC
INST:NSEL 6
The MORE hotkey switches to side hotkey bar(s) and back to the main hotkey bar.
In the side hotkey bar(s), the hotkeys for the options are located. For further information refer to the descriptions of the corresponding options.
With the SCREEN A / SCREEN B hotkey two different settings can be selected on
the R&S ESPI in the FULL SCREEN display mode.
In the SPLIT SCREEN display mode the key switches between active diagram A
and B.
The key designation indicates the diagram which has been activated by means of
the key.
The currently active window is marked by or on the right of the diagram.
Remote command: DISP:WIND<1|2>:SEL A
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.9
A
B
Page 23
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Return to Manual Operation – LOCAL Menu
4.4 Return to Manual Operation – LOCAL Menu
LOCAL
The LOCAL menu is displayed on switching the instrument to remote control mode.
At the same time, the hotkey bar is blanked out and all keys are disabled except the
PRESET key.
The LOCAL softkey and the DISPLAY UPDATE ON/OFF softkey are displayed.
Depending on the setting of the DISPLAY UPDATE ON/OFF softkey, the diagrams,
traces and diplay fields are displayed or hidden. For further details on the DISPLAY
UPDATE ON/OFF softkey refer to Instrument Setup and Interface Configuration –
SETUP Key.
The LOCAL key switches the instrument from remote to manual operation, with the
assumption that the remote controller has not previously set the LOCAL LOCKOUT
function.
A change in the control mode consists of:
• Enabling the Front Panel Keys
Returning to manual operation enables all inactive keys and turns on the hotkey
bar. The softkey menu which is displayed is the main menu of the current mode.
• Inserting the measurement diagrams
The blanked diagrams, traces and display fields are inserted.
• Generating the message OPERATION COMPLETE
If, at the time of pressing the LOCAL softkey, the synchronization mechanism via
*OPC, *OPC? or *WAI is active, the currently running measurement procedure is
aborted and synchronization is achieved by setting the corresponding bits in the
registers of the status reporting system.
• Setting Bit 6 (User Request) of the Event Status Register
With a corresponding configuration of the status reporting system, this bit
immediately causes the generation of a service request (SRQ) which is used to
inform the control software that the user wishes to return to front-panel control.
This information can be used, e.g., to interrupt the control program so that the user
can make necessary manual corrections to instrument settings. This bit is set
each time the LOCAL softkey is pressed.
If the LOCAL LOCKOUT function is active in the remote control mode, the frontpanel PRESET key is also disabled. The LOCAL LOCKOUT state is left as soon
as the process controller de-activates the REN line or the GPIB cable is disconnected from the instrument.
4.10 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 24
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
4.5 Receiver Mode
RECEIVER
The receiver mode is selected using the RECEIVER hotkey (see also section “Mode
Selection – Hotkey Bar” on page 4.9)
The mode is selected with the RECEIVER hotkey for displaying both subscreens or
with the MIXED hotkey for displaying one subscreen as the receiver. The
RECEIVER variant is described here. The description applies correspondingly to
MIXED (see also section “Mode Selection – Hotkey Bar” on page 4.9).
RECEIVER FREQUENCY
ADD TO PEAK LIST
CONTINUOUS BARGRAPH
SINGLE BARGRAPH
DETECTOR
! MAX PEAK
MIN PEAK
QUASIPEAK
AVE RAGE
CISPR AVERAGE
RMS
CISPR RMS
CISPR RBW UNCOUPLED
MEAS TIME
DEMOD
! DEMOD (ON OFF)
THRESHOLD SCAN
! THRESHOLD (ON OFF)
AM | FM
SQUELCH
EDIT PEAK LIST
NO OF PEAKS
NB/BB DISCR
MARGIN
FINAL MEAS TIME
AUTOMATIC FINAL
INTER ACTIVE
RUN SCAN
Side menu
ESH2-Z5 | ESH3-Z5 | ENV
4200 | ENV 216 | OFF
PRESCAN PHASES | FINAL
PHASES
!
!
RUN SCAN
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.11
Page 25
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
FINAL MEAS! PEAK SEARCH
EDIT PEAK LIST
NO OF PEAKS
PEAKS SUBRANGES
MARGIN
FINAL MEAS TIME
AUTOMATIC FINAL
INTER ACTIVE
RUN FINAL MEAS
Side menu
ESH2-Z5 | ESH3-Z5 | ENV
4200 | ENV 216 | OFF
PRESCAN PHASES | FINAL
PHASES
RUN FINAL MEAS!
RUN PRE-SCAN+FINAL HOLD SCAN
STOP SCAN
RUN SCAN HOLD SCAN
STOP SCAN
!
!
!
Side menu
RECEIVER FREQUENCY
ADD TO PEAK LIST
CONTINUOUS BARGRAPH
SINGLE BARGRAPH
The RECEIVER hotkey selects the receiver mode (RFI reception) and activates the
menu for setting the receiver parameters.
4.12 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 26
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
For description of the softkeys see the following menus:
RECEIVER FREQUENCY “Operation on a Discrete Frequency – FREQ
Key” on page 4.14
ADD TO PEAK LIST “Selection of the Measurement Function –
MEAS Key” on page 4.22
DETECTOR “Selecting the Detector” on page 4.26
MEAS TIME “Setting the Measurement Time” on
page 4.28
DEMOD “AF Demodulators” on page 4.30
THRESHOLD SCAN “Automatic Final Measurement with Thresh-
old Scan” on page 4.33
FINAL MEAS “Data Reduction and Peak List” on
page 4.31
RUN PRE SCAN+FINAL “Running a Scan” on page 4.55
RUN SCAN “Running a Scan” on page 4.55
Side menu
CONTUNOUOS BARGRAPH “Selection of the Measurement Function –
MEAS Key” on page 4.22
SINGLE BARGRAPH “Selection of the Measurement Function –
MEAS Key” on page 4.22
Remote command: INST REC
In the receiver mode the R&S ESPI measures the level at the set frequency with a
selected bandwidth and measurement time (see also “RES BW” on page 4.19 and
“MEAS TIME” on page 4.29). Signal weighting is by means of detectors (see also
“DETECTOR” on page 4.27).
The functions for data reduction and the control of line impedance simulating network are available in the THRESHOLD SCAN and FINAL MEAS submenus.
A frequency scan can be performed after setting the start and stop frequency and
the step width. The scan subranges can be defined in a table (DEFINE SCAN softkey).
The scan is started with the RUN SCAN softkey. In operating mode RECEIVER, the
RECEIVER hotkey directly opens the RECEIVER menu.
The R&S ESPI can be extended by a preselection with switchable preselection
(option Preselector ESPI-B2). When the option is installed, preselection is always
switched on in receiver mode.
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.13
Page 27
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
4.5.1 Operation on a Discrete Frequency – FREQ Key
FREQ
RECEIVER
FREQUENCY
The FREQ key opens the FREQUENCY menu for setting the receive frequency in
manual operation and the frequency axis for scan display.
RECEIVER FREQUENCY
STEPSIZE
START
STOP
RUN PRE-SCAN+FINAL
RUN SCAN
! AUTO COARSE
AUTO FINE
STEPSIZE MANUAL
STEPSIZE = FREQ
The RECEIVER FREQUENCY softkey activates the entry field of the receiver frequency.
The tuning frequency has to be set to at least twice the IF bandwidth.
When the tuning frequency is lower than twice the IF bandwidth, the IF bandwidth is
automatically reduced so that this condition is met again.
If the frequency is increased again, the original IF bandwidth is restored (memory
function). The memory is cleared when the IF bandwidth is manually changed.
The resolution of the receive frequency is always 0.1 Hz.
Range: 9 kHz ≤ f
rec
≤ f
max
This softkey is also available in the RECEIVER / MEAS menu.
Remote command: FREQ:CENT 300 MHz
STEPSIZE
The STEPSIZE softkey opens a submenu for setting the step size of the receive frequency. The step size can be coupled to the set frequency or be manually set to a
fixed value. The softkeys of the submenu are mutually exclusive selection switches.
Only one switch can be activated at any one time.
AUTO COARSE If the AUTO COARSE softkey is activated, the receive frequency is set in coarse
steps. The 4th digit of the selected frequency is varied.
Remote command: --
AUTO FINE If the AUTO FINE softkey is activated, the receive frequency is set in fine steps. The
7th digit of the selected frequency is varied.
Remote command: --
STEPSIZE
MANUAL
The STEPSIZE MANUAL softkey activates the entry window for the input of a fixed
step size.
Remote command: FREQ:CENT:STEP 50 kHz
4.14 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 28
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
STEPSIZE =
START
STOP
FREQ
The STEPSIZE = FREQ softkey sets the step size to a value equal to the receive
frequency.
This function is especially useful during measurements of the signal harmonic content, because, when entering the receiver frequency, the receiver frequency of
another harmonic is selected with each stroke of the STEP key.
Remote command: --
The START softkey opens a window where the start frequency of the scan diagram
can be entered.
The permissible value range for the start frequency is:
f
min
f
start
f
max
≤ f
start
≤ f
max
– 10 Hz
: start frequency
: maximum frequency
Remote command: :FREQ:STAR 20 MHz
The STOP softkey opens a window where the stop frequency of the scan diagram
can be entered.
The permissible value range for the stop frequency is:
f
+ 10 Hz ≤ f
min
f
: stop frequency
stop
f
: maximum frequency
max
stop
≤ f
max
RUN PRESCAN+FINAL
RUN SCAN
Remote command: :FREQ:STOP 2000 MHz
For details refer to the SWEEP menu, “RUN PRE-SCAN+FINAL” on page 4.55.
For details refer to the SWEEP menu, “RUN SCAN” on page 4.55.
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.15
Page 29
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
4.5.2 Level Display and RF Input Configuration – AMPT Key
The AMPT key is used to set the input attenuation, the Preamplifier (only with option
ESPI-B2), the auto range function and the Display Unit.
In addition, the level display range for the scan can be set.
AMPT
RF ATTEN
MANUAL
RF ATTEN MANUAL
PREAMP (ON OFF)
10 DB MIN (ON OFF)
AUTO RANGE (ON OFF)
AUTOPREAMP (ON OFF)
UNIT! dBµV /dBm / dBµA / dBpW /dBpT
GRID RANGE LOG 100 dB
GRID RANGE LOG MANUAL
GRID MIN LEVEL
*) LN PREAMP ON OFF is only available with option R&S ESPI-B24
The RF ATTEN MANUAL softkey activates the attenuation entry field.
The attenuation can be set between 0 and 70 dB in 10 dB steps. Other entries are
rounded up to the next higher integer.
To protect the input mixer against inadvertent overload, 0 dB can only be
switched on when the 10 dB MIN softkey is switched off.
Remote command: INP:ATT 40 DB
Preamplifier
When equipped with the option ESPI-B2, Preselector, the R&S ESPI is provided
with a switchable preamplifier of 20 dB gain in the frequency range up to 3 GHz.
Switching on the preamplifier reduces the total mark figure of the R&S ESPI and
thus improves the sensitivity.
The disadvantage of a poorer large-signal immunity (intermodulation) is reduced by
the connected preselector. The signal level of the subsequent mixer is 20 dB higher
so that the maximum input level is reduced by the gain of the preamplifier. The total
noise figure of R&S ESPI is reduced from approx. 18 dB to approx. 10 dB when a
preamplifier is used.
The use of the preamplifier is recommended when measurements with a maximum
sensitivity are to be performed. On the other hand, if the measurement should be
performed at maximum dynamic range, the preamplifier should be switched off.
The gain of the preamplifier is automatically considered in the level display. The
preamplifier follows the preselection filters so that the risk of overdriving by strong
out-of-band signals is reduced to a minimum.
4.16 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 30
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
PREAMP
(ON OFF)
10 DB MIN
(ON OFF)
The PREAMP (ON OFF) softkey switches the preamplifier on and off.
Default value is OFF.
The softkey is only available with option R&S ESPI-B2, Preselector..
Remote command: INP:GAIN:STAT ON | OFF
The 10 DB MIN (ON OFF) softkey determines whether the 10 dB setting of the
attenuator may be used in the manual or automatic setting of the attenuator.
10 DB MIN ON is the default value, i.e. an RF attenuation of at least 10 dB is always
set on the R&S ESPI to protect the input mixer.
An attenuation of 0 dB cannot be set manually either. This avoids 0 dB being
switched on inadvertently, particularly when DUTs with high RFI voltage are measured.
The softkey is only available when the R&S ESPI is equipped with option ESPIB2, Preselector..
Remote command: INP:ATT:PROT ON | OFF
AUTO RANGE
(ON OFF)
AUTOPREAMP
(ON OFF)
The AUTO RANGE (ON OFF) softkey switches the autorange function on and off.
.
ON The attenuation is automatically set so that a good S/N ratio is
obtained without the receiver stages being overdriven.
OFF The attenuation is set manually.
Depending on the characteristics of the RF signal, the receiver may not utilize the
maximum possible dynamic range. Measurement results are still valid, however,
because it is ensured that performing measurements does not result in an overload.
The softkey is only available when the R&S ESPI is equipped with option ESPIB2, Preselector..
Remote command: INP:ATT:AUTO ON | OFF
The AUTOPREAMP (ON OFF) softkey turns the auto preamp function and or off.
.
ON The preamplifier is considered in the autorange procedure. The pream-
plifier is cut in when the RF attenuation is reduced to the minimum settable value.
OFF The preamplifier is not considered in the autorange procedure.
The softkey is only available when the R&S ESPI is equipped with option ESPIB2, Preselector..
Remote command: INP:GAIN:AUTO ON | OFF
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.17
Page 31
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
Display Unit
UNIT
GRID RANGE
LOG 100 dB
UNIT dBµV
dBm
dBµA
dBpW
dBpT
The UNIT softkey opens a submenu in which the desired units for the level axis can
be selected: dBµV, dBm, dBµA, dBpW or dBpT. Default setting is dBµV.
In general, a receiver measures the signal voltage at the RF input. The level display
is calibrated in rms values of an unmodulated sinewave signal.
Via the known input resistance of 50 Ω a conversion can be made to other units. The
units dBm, dBµA, dBpW, and dBpT are directly convertible.
Remote command: CALC:UNIT:POW DBM
The GRID RANGE LOG 100 dB softkey sets the level display range for the scan diagram to 100 dB (= default setting).
Remote command: DISP:WIND:TRAC:Y:SPAC LOG
DISP:WIND:TRAC:Y 100DB
GRID RANGE
LOG MANUAL
The GRID RANGE LOG MANUAL softkey activates the entry of the level display
range for the scan diagram.
The display ranges go from 10 to 200 dB in 10-dB steps. Invalid entries are rounded
off to the nearest valid value.
Remote command: DISP:WIND:TRAC:Y:SPAC LOG
DISP:WIND:TRAC:Y 120DB
4.18 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 32
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
GRID MIN
LEVEL
BW
The GRID MIN LEVEL softkey activates the entry of the minimum level of the display range. Allowed values are:
- 200 ≤ GRID MIN LEVEL ≤ + 200 dB - GRID RANGE
Remote command: DISP:WIND:TRAC:Y:SPAC LOG
DISP:WIND:TRAC:Y:BOTT 0DBM
4.5.3 Setting the IF Bandwidth – BW Key
R&S ESPI offers the IF bandwidths (3 dB bandwidths) from 10 Hz to 10 MHz available in steps of 1/3/10. With filter type EMI (6 dB) 200 Hz, 9 kHz, 120 kHz are available as 6 dB bandwidth and 1 MHzas impulse bandwidth.
The resolution bandwidths up to 120 kHz are implemented by digital Gaussian
bandpass filters. Concerning the attenuation characteristic, the filters behave like
analog filters, but their measurement speed is much higher than the measurement
speed of comparable analog filters. This is due to the fact that the transient
response can be compensated because the filters have an accurately defined
behavior.
Bandwidths of 300 kHz and higher are implemented by decoupled LC filters. These
filters contain 4 filter circuits.
The BW key calls a menu for setting the resolution bandwidth (RES BW) for the
receiver.
RES BW
RES BW
200 Hz
9kHz
120 kHz
1MHz
CISPR RBW
UNCOUPLED
FILTER TYPE
! NORMAL (3dB)
EMI (6dB)
CHANNEL
RRC
The RES BW softkey activates the manual entry mode for the resolution bandwidth.
For filter type NORMAL (3 dB), the bandwidth can be set from 10 Hz to 10 MHz in
steps of 1/3/10. For filter type EMI (6 dB), the 6-dB bandwidth 200 Hz, 9 kHz,
120 kHz and 1 MHz can be set.
For numerical inputs, the values are always rounded up to the next valid bandwidth.
For rotary knob or the UP/DOWN key entries, the bandwidth is adjusted in steps
either upwards or downwards.
For the CHANNEL and RRC filter types, the bandwidth is selected from a list of
available channel filters, which is included at the end of this section. The list can be
scrolled with the Uu and Ud keys to select a filter (see section “List of Available
Channel Filters” on page 4.21).
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.19
Page 33
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
When the quasipeak detector is switched on, a fixed bandwidth is preset depending
on the frequency. The coupling of the IF bandwidth to the frequency range with activated quasipeak, CISPR Average or CISPR RMS detecor can be cancelled using
the CISPR RBW UNCOUPLED softkey (see below).
The bandwidth is limited by the set receive frequency:
200 Hz
9kHz
120 kHz
1MHz
CISPR RBW
UNCOUPLED
RES BW ≤ f
/2
in
Remote command: BAND 1 MHz
The 200 Hz softkey sets the CISPR bandwidth 200 Hz.
Remote command: BAND 200 Hz
The 9 kHz softkey sets the CISPR bandwidth 9 kHz.
Remote command: BAND 9 kHz
The 120 kHz softkey sets the CISPR bandwidth 120 kHz.
Remote command: BAND 120 kHz
The 1 MHz softkey sets the 6-dB bandwidth 1 MHz.
Remote command: BAND 1 MHz
The CISPR RBW UNCOUPLED softkey cancels the coupling of the IF bandwidth to
the frequency range with the activated quasipeak, CISPR Average or CISPR RMS
detector.
If the coupling is cancelled, any of the three CISPR bandwidths 200 Hz, 9 kHz, 120
kHz can be selected for a given frequency range.
FILTER TYPE
Remote command: BAND:AUTO ON
The FILTER TYPE softkey opens a list of available filter types. Gaussian bandpass
filters of 3 dB and 6 dB bandwidth as well as particularly steep-edged channel filters
for power measurements are available.
NORMAL (3dB)
EMI (6dB)
CHANNEL
RRC
• NORMAL (3dB)
The resolution bandwidths are implemented by Gaussian filters with a set 3 dB
bandwidth. These bandwidths correspond to the noise bandwidth approximately.
For bandwidths up to 100 kHz, digital bandpass filters are used.
Remote command: BAND:TYPE NOIS
BAND:TYPE NORM
4.20 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 34
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
•EMI (6dB)
The resolution bandwidths are implemented by Gaussian filters with the set 6 dB
bandwidth and correspond approximately to the pulse bandwidth.
For bandwidths up to 120 kHz, digital bandpass filters are used.
Remote command: BAND:TYPE PULS
• CHANNEL
steep-edged channel filters
Remote command: BAND:TYPE CFIL
• RRC
R
oot Raised Cosine filters
Remote command: BAND:TYPE RRC
4.5.3.1 List of Available Channel Filters
The channel filters listed in the following table are available as resolution filters (softkey RES BW) after activation with the softkey FILTER TYPE.
The channel filters ≥ 2.0 MHz are only available for instruments equipped with a
model ≥ 3 of the IF FILTER module (see column MODEL in HARDWARE INFO
table, SETUP SYSTEM INFO menu).
For filter type RRC (Root Raised Cosine) the indicated filter bandwidth describes
the sampling rate of the filter.
For all other filters (CFILter) the filter bandwidth is the 3-dB bandwidth.
Filter Bandwidth Filter
Typ e
100
200
300
500
1
1.5
2
2.4
2.7
3
3.4
4
4.5
5
6
8.5
9
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
Application
A0
SSB
DAB, Satellite
ETS300 113 (12.5 kHz channels)
AM Radio
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.21
Page 35
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
Filter Bandwidth Filter
Typ e
10
12.5
14
15
16
18
20
21
24.3
25
30
50
100
150
192
200
300
500
1.0
1.2288
1.5
2.0*
3.0*
3.84
4.096
5.0*
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz, α=0.35
kHz
kHz
kHz, α=0.35
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz, α=0.22*
MHz, α=0.22*
MHz
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
RRC
CFILter
CFILter
RRC
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
RRC
RRC
CFILter
Application
CDMAone
ETS300 113 (20 kHz channels)
ETS300 113 (25 kHz channels)
TETRA
PDC
IS 136
CDPD, CDMAone
FM Radio
PHS
J.83 (8-VSB DVB, USA)
CDMAone
CDMAone
DAB
W-CDMA 3GPP
W-CDMA NTT DOCoMo
*) requires IF filter model index ≥ 3
4.5.4 Selection of the Measurement Function – MEAS Key
The MEAS key opens the menu to select the detectors and set the measurement
time for the receiver and the audio demodulator.
To reduce the amount of data in RFI voltage measurements, a list of subrange maxima (softkey PEAK SEARCH) can be generated from the scan results and an acceptance line (softkey MARGIN) may be defined in the FINAL MEAS submenu. A final
measurement is performed only for frequencies with high RFI level.
The final measurement may be either automatic (softkey AUTOMATIC FINAL) or in
interactive mode (softkey INTERACTIVE). Automatic control functions for line
impedance stabilization networks (LISN) are available in the side menu of the FINAL
MEAS submenu. The final measurement is started with the softkey RUN FINAL
MEAS.
The THRESHOLD SCAN function is also used to reduce data. The scan is immediately interrupted when a limit violation is detected and the final measurement performed within a short time.
4.22 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 36
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
MEAS
Softkeys in the MEAS menu:
RECEIVER
FREQUENCY
ADD TO PEAK LIST
DETECTOR
MEAS TIME
DEMOD
! MAX PEAK
MIN PEAK
QUASIPEAK
AVE RAGE
CISPR AVERAGE
RMS
CISPR RMS
CISPR RBW
UNCOUPLED
! DEMOD (ON OFF)
AM | FM
SQUELCH
THRESHOLD
SCAN
!
THRESHOLD
(ON OFF)
EDIT PEAK LIST
NO OF PEAKS
NB/BB DISCR
MARGIN
FINAL MEAS TIME
AUTOMATIC FINAL
! EDIT FREQUENCY
INSERT
DELETE
SORT BY
FREQUENCY
SORT BY
DELTALIMIT
ASCII FILE EXPORT
DECIM SEP
PAG E UP
PAG E DOWN
INTER ACTIVE
RUN SCAN
Side menu
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.23
Page 37
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
ESH2-Z5 | ESH3Z5 | ENV 4200 | ENV
216 | OFF
PRESCAN
PHASES | FINAL
PHASES
RUN SCAN
!
FINAL MEAS
! PEAK SEARCH
EDIT PEAK LIST
NO OF PEAKS
PEAKS
SUBRANGES
MARGIN
FINAL MEAS TIME
AUTOMATIC FINAL
! EDIT FREQUENCY
INSERT
DELETE
SORT BY
FREQUENCY
SORT BY
DELTALIMIT
ASCII FILE EXPORT
DECIM SEP
PAG E UP
PAG E DOWN
RUN PRESCAN+FINAL
RUN SCAN
Side menu
INTER ACTIVE
RUN FINAL MEAS RUN FINAL MEAS
STOP FINAL MEAS
Side menu
ESH2-Z5 | ESH3Z5 | ENV 4200 | ENV
216 | OFF
PRESCAN
PHASES | FINAL
PHASES
RUN FINAL MEAS
!
PHASE N | PHASE
L1 | PHASE L2 |
PHASE L3
PE GROUNDED /
PE FLOATING
4.24 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 38
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
RECEIVER
FREQUENCY
ADD TO PEAK LIST
CONTINUOUS
BARGRAPH
SINGLE
BARGRAPH
RECEIVER
FREQUENCY
ADD TO
PEAK LIST
CONTINUOUS
BARGRAPH
The RECEIVER FREQUENCY softkey activates the entry field of the receiver frequency.
The tuning frequency has to be set to at least twice the IF bandwidth.
When the tuning frequency is lower than twice the IF bandwidth, the IF bandwidth is
automatically reduced so that this condition is met again.
If the frequency is increased again, the original IF bandwidth is restored (memory
function). The memory is cleared when the IF bandwidth is manually changed.
The resolution of the receive frequency is always 0.1 Hz.
Range: 9 kHz ≤ f
rec
≤ f
max
This softkey is also available in the RECEIVER/FREQ menu.
Remote command: FREQ:CENT 300 MHz
The ADD TO PEAK LIST softkey adds the receiver frequency to the peak list (see
also section 4.5.4.4“Data Reduction and Peak List” on page 4.31).
Remote command: --
The CONTINUOUS BARGRAPH softkey selects the continuous measurement
mode.
Remote command: INIT:CONT ON
SINGLE
BARGRAPH
Pressing the SINGLE BARGRAPH softkey triggers a single level measurement. The
enhancement label SGL displayed at the screen edge indicates that the single-measurement mode is set.
Remote command: INIT:CONT OFF
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.25
Page 39
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
4.5.4.1 Selecting the Detector
Six different detectors can be selected for weighting the receive signal.
• The max peak detector yields the largest sample values of the levels measured
during the set measurement time.
• The min peak detector yields the smallest sample values of the levels measured
during the set measurement time.
• The average detector yields the average level of the samples measured during
the set measurement time.
• The CISPR average detector supplies a weighted average. When measuring the
average according to CISPR 16-1, the maximum value of the linear average
during the measurement time is displayed. The detector is used, for example, to
measure pulsed sinusoidal signals with a low pulse frequency. It is calibrated with
the rms value of an unmodulated sinusoidal signal. Averaging is with lowpass
filters of the 2nd order (simulation of a mechanical instrument). The lowpass time
constants and the IF bandwidths are fixed depending on the frequency. The main
parameters are listed in the following table:
Band ABand BBand C/D
Frequency range < 150 kHz 150 kHz to
30 MHz
IF bandwidth 200 Hz 9 kHz 120 kHz
Time constant of instrument 160 ms 160 ms 100 ms
> 30 MHz
For frequencies above 1 GHz, the R&S ESPI uses the 120 kHz bandwidth of band
C/D.
Coupling of the IF bandwidth to the frequency range with the CISPR average
detector activated can be switched off by the CISPR RBW UNCOUPLED softkey.
• The rms detector yields the rms level of the samples measured. The integration
time corresponds to the set measurement time.
• The CISPR rms detector supplies a weighted average. When measuring the
average according to CISPR 16-1, the maximum value of the linear average
during the measurement time is displayed. The detector is used, for example, to
measure pulsed sinusoidal signals with a low pulse frequency. It is calibrated with
the rms value of an unmodulated sinusoidal signal. Averaging is with lowpass
filters of the 2nd order (simulation of a mechanical instrument). The lowpass time
constants and the IF bandwidths are fixed depending on the frequency. The main
parameters are listed in the following table:
Band A Band B Band C/D Band E
Frequency range < 150 kHz 150 kHz to
30 MHz
IF bandwidth 200 Hz 9 kHz 120 kHz 1 MHz
Time constant of instrument 160 ms 160 ms 100 ms 100 ms
Corner frequency 10 Hz 100 Hz 100 Hz 1 kHz
30 MHz to 1
GHz
> 1 GHz
The coupling of the IF bandwidth to the frequency range with activated CISPR
RMS detector can be cancelled using the CISPR RBW UNCOUPLED softkey.
4.26 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 40
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
• The quasipeak detector yields the maximum detected value weighted to CISPR
16. Depending on the set frequency, the R&S ESPI automatically selects the
detectors and IF bandwidths defined for bands A, B and C/D listed in the following
table:
Band ABand BBand C/D
DETECTOR
Frequency range < 150 kHz 150 kHz to
30 MHz
IF bandwidth 200 Hz 9 kHz 120 kHz
Charge time constant 45 ms 1 ms 1 ms
Discharge time constant 500 ms 160 ms 550 ms
Time constant of instrument 160 ms 160 ms 100 ms
> 30 MHz
For frequencies above 1 GHz, the R&S ESPI uses the 120 kHz bandwidth of band
C/D.
The coupling of the IF bandwidth to the frequency range with activated quasipeak
detector can be cancelled using the CISPR RBW UNCOUPLED softkey.
• The input signal of R&S ESPI can be displayed weighted by three detectors
simultaneously.
Multiple detection is important in EMI measurements since, for example, civil standards specify limits for both the quasipeak and the average value. Thanks to the
multiple use of detectors, only one test run is needed. The peak detector can be
combined with any other detector since it is the fastest detector and therefore ideal
for overview measurements.
The DETECTOR softkey opens a submenu to select the detector and combinations
of detectors.
The detector type is set for the bargraph measurement and is displayed after the
selection. Up to three detectors can be displayed simultaneosly.
MAX PEAK
MIN PEAK
QUASIPEAK
AVERAGE
CISPR AVERAGE
RMS
CISPR RMS
CISPR RBW
UNCOUPLED
A maximum of three detectors can be switched on simultaneously.
This softkey is also available in the RECEIVER menu.
MAX PEAK The MAX PEAK softkey activates the max peak detector.
Remote command: DET:REC POS
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.27
Page 41
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
MIN PEAK The MIN PEAK softkey activates the min peak detector.
Remote command: DET:REC NEG
QUASIPEAK The QUASIPEAK softkey selects the quasipeak detector.
The IF bandwidth is adapted as a function of the frequency range. The coupling of
the IF bandwidth to the frequency range can be cancelled using the softkey CISPR
RBW UNCOUPLED.
Remote command: DET:REC QPE
AVERAGE The AVERAGE softkey activates the average detector.
Remote command: DET:REC AVER
CISPR
AVERAGE
RMS The RMS softkey activates the rms detector.
CISPR
RMS
CISPR RBW
UNCOUPLED
4.5.4.2 Setting the Measurement Time
The CISPR AVERAGE softkey activates the weighting average detector according
to CISPR 16-1. The IF bandwidth is automatically set to the required value according to the receiving frequency. This coupling can be cancelled by the softkey CISPR
RBW UNCOUPLED.
Remote command: DET:REC CAV
Remote command: DET:REC RMS
The CISPR RMS softkey activates the weighting rms detector according to CISPR
16-1. The IF bandwidth is automatically set to the required value according to the
receiving frequency. This coupling can be cancelled by the CISPR RBW UNCOU-
PLED softkey.
Remote command: DET:REC CRMS
The CISPR RBW UNCOUPLED softkey cancels the coupling of the IF bandwidth to
the frequency range with activated quasipeak or CISPR average detector.
Remote command: BAND:AUTO OFF
The measurement time can be set with a 2-digit resolution in the range 33 µs to
100 s.
The measurement time is the time during which R&S ESPI measures the input signal and forms a measurement result weighted by the selected detector. The measurement time does not include settling times of the synthesizer and the IF filter.
R&S ESPI automatically waits until transients are over.
When the quasipeak detector is used, the minimum measurement time is 1 ms.
When the CISPR average or CISPR RMS detector is used, the minimum measurement time is 100 ms. With the average, RMS, or min/max peak detector, the smallest settable measurement time depends on the bandwidth.
4.28 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 42
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
MEAS TIME
Bandwidth Shortest measurement time
AV, R MS
≤ 10 Hz 1 sec 10 msec
100 Hz 100 msec 1 msec
200 Hz ... 300 Hz 50 msec 1 msec
1 kHz ... 3 KHz 10 msec 0,1 msec
9 kHz ... 30 kHz 1 msec 0,1 msec
≥ 100 kHz 0,1 msec 33 µsec
Shortest measurement time
PK+, PK-
The MEAS TIME softkey activates the entry field for the measurement time.
This softkey is also available in the RECEIVER menu.
Remote command: SWE:TIME 100ms
Effect of measurement time with different weighting modes:
• MIN/MAX PEAK measurement:
With peak weighting selected, the maximum or minimum level during the selected
measurement time is displayed. The peak detector is reset at the beginning of
each measurement. At the end of the measurement time the maximum or
minimum level occurred during the measurement time is displayed. Since the
peak detector of R&S ESPI is a digital detector, discharging is irrelevant even with
long measurement times.
Unmodulated signals can be measured with the shortest possible measurement
time. When pulses are measured, the selected measurement time must be long
enough for at least one pulse to occur during the measurement time.
• Average measurement:
With average detection selected, the video voltage (envelope of IF signal) is
averaged during the measurement time. Averaging is digital, i.e. the digitized
values of the video voltage are summed up and divided by the number of samples
at the end of the measurement time. This corresponds to a filtering with a
rectangular window in the time domain and a filtering with sin x/x characteristic in
the frequency domain. With unmodulated signals the shortest possible
measurement time can be selected. With modulated signals the measurement
time is determined by the lowest modulation frequency to be averaged. With pulse
signals, the selected measurement time should be long enough for sufficient
number of pulses (>10) to occur in the measurement window for averaging.
• CISPR average and CISPR rms measurement:
With a CISPR average or a CISPR rms measurement, the maximum value of the
weighted signal during the measurement time is displayed. The relatively long
time constants used with CISPR average and CISPR rms detectors result in long
measurement times in order to obtain a correct measurement result. If unknown
signals are measured, the measurement time should be at least one second so
that pulses down to a frequency of 5 Hz are correctly weighted.
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.29
Page 43
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
After a frequency change or a modification of the attenuation, the R&S ESPI waits
until the lowpass has settled before the measurement time starts. The
measurement time is selected depending on the IF bandwidth and the
characteristics of the signal to be measured. Unmodulated sinusoidal signals as
well as signals with high modulation frequency can be measured within a short
time. Slowly fluctuating signals or pulse signals require longer measurement
times.
With measurement times shorter than 20 ms the detector weighting changes to
average or RMS.
• RMS measurement:
With RMS weighting the same applies to the measurement time as with the
average measurement.
• Quasipeak measurement:
With quasipeak measurements, the maximum value of the weighted signal during
the measurement time is displayed. The relatively long time constants used with
quasipeak detectors entail long measurement times to obtain correct results. With
unknown signals the measurement time should be at least 1 s. This ensures
correct weighting of pulses down to a pulse frequency of 5 Hz.
DEMOD
After internal switching, R&S ESPI waits until the measurement result has
stabilized before it starts the actual measurement. Since the level does not
change during a frequency scan, known signals (e.g. broadband RFI) can be
correctly measured with a much shorter measurement time.
• Measurement with several detectors:
If several detectors are used simultaneously, a measurement time suiting the
slowest detector should be selected to obtain correct results for all detectors. It is
therefore recommended to set a measurement time that matches the average
detector when the peak and average detectors are used.
4.5.4.3 AF Demodulators
The R&S ESPI provides demodulators for AM and FM signals. With these demodulators selected, a displayed signal can be monitored using the internal loudspeaker
or external headphones.
The DEMOD softkey calls a submenu in which the desired type of demodulation can
be switched on.
DEMOD (ON OFF)
AM | FM
SQUELCH
The volume for loudspeaker and headphones is set by means of control knob on the
front panel. The volume can also be remote-controlled (remote command SYST:
SPE:VOL 0.7).
A squelch function enables the input of a level threshold below which the audible AF
is cut off.
This softkey is also available in the RECEIVER menu.
4.30 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 44
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
DEMOD
(ON OFF)
AM | FM The AM and FM softkeys can be activated one at a time. They are used to set the
SQUELCH The SQUELCH softkey enables the input of a level threshold below which the audi-
4.5.4.4 Data Reduction and Peak List
The DEMOD (ON OFF) softkey switches demodulation on/off.
Remote command: DEM OFF
(DEModulation ON automatically switched on with
DEM AM | FM)
desired demodulation type, FM or AM.
Remote command: DEM AM
ble AF is cut off. The squelch function is associated with the internal trigger function
(TRIGGER menu), which will be switched on automatically with the squelch.
Squelch level and trigger level do have the same value.
The default setting for the squelch is off.
Remote command: SENS:DEM:SQU ON
SENS:DEM:SQU:LEV 80 PCT
EMI measurements may involve much time because the time constants prescribed
by the standard for the quasipeak weighting require transients which lead to long
measurement times per each value. In addition, the standards stipulate procedures
for finding local EMI maxima such as shifting the absorbing clamp, variation of the
test antenna height and rotating the DUT. Measuring with quasipeak weighting at
each frequency and for each setting of the test configuration would lead to unacceptably long measurement times. For this reason, R&S has developed a method
which reduces the time-consuming measurements to a minimum with an optimum
reliability of detection.
Data Reduction using the Subrange Maximum
The interference spectrum is first pre-analyzed in a fast prescan to optimize the
duration of the measurement. Data reduction follows so that the time-consuming
final measurement is performed at only some important frequencies:
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.31
Page 45
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
dB
80
70
60
50
Subrange
Subrange maximum
40
30
Limit line
Acceptance line
20
10
0
Fig. 4.13 Dividing the spectrum into eight subranges
GHz
1,00,03 0,1
Data reduction is of crucial importance. It is initiated by pressing a key after the prescan and then automatically. Data reduction is used to select frequencies with a very
high interference level. Several data reduction methods are used:
• Acceptance analysis, i.e. the interference spectrum is further analyzed at
frequencies with levels above a line parallel to a limit line.
• Generating subrange maxima, i.e. the interference spectrum is further analyzed
at frequencies with the highest interference level of a frequency subrange (search
method SUBRANGES).
• Determination of a specific number of peak values relative to the limit lines with
the level values being independent of their frequency spectral distribution (search
method PEAKS).
For generation of subrange maxima, the whole frequency range is divided into equidistant subranges. A subrange maximum is determined for each subrange (search
method SUBRANGES).
Determining the level maxima irrespective of their distribution in the frequency spectrum (search mode PEAKS) is suitable for measurement regulations that demand
determination of the relatively highest level irrespective of the distribution in the
measured frequency range, e.g. FCC.
If the prescan is performed in parallel with several detectors, typically with peak
value and average value, the maxima are determined separately for the two detectors so that the distribution of narrowband and wideband sources of interference can
be taken into account. For example, the frequency of the maximum determined with
the average detector can be used for the final measurement performed with this
detector and the frequency found in the prescan carried out with the peak detector is
taken for the final measurement using the quasipeak detector.
Consideration of the limit lines ensures that the final measurement is not performed
at frequencies at which the inference level is far below the limit value. The margin
between the acceptance line and the limit line can be selected by the user in dB as
the MARGIN. Each limit line is allocated to a trace, i.e. different limit lines are taken
for the different detectors.
4.32 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 46
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
Two values should therefore be defined for this purpose:
• the number of subranges or highest level values (NO OF PEAKS in the range from
1 to 500; default value: 25)
• the acceptance margin (MARGIN; default value: 6 dB). It is valid for all limit lines.
As an alternative method, it is possible to preset a list of frequencies at which the
final measurements are performed. A typical application is, for example, the statistical analysis of several units.
The peak list can be either edited manually or can be filled with desired values by
adopting the marker values.
If no limit lines are activated, the measurement procedure is as if all measured values would exceed the limit line.
4.5.4.5 Automatic Final Measurement with Threshold Scan
The interference spectrum is first pre-analyzed in a fast prescan to optimize the
duration of the measurement. If the measured level exceeds a limit line, or violates a
margin defined for this line, the time-consuming final measurement is performed.
The final measurement is, therefore, carried out only for a reduced number of frequencies of interest. For this measurement, each scan trace to be taken into
account has to be assigned a limit line, and the limit line and the limit check function
have to be activated in the LIMIT LINE menu.
THRESHOLD
SCAN
The prescan is interrupted immediately for each final measurement to be performed,
i.e. the final measurement immediately follows the prescan measurement. In the
case of drifting or fluctuating interferers, this increases the probability that the signal
of interest will be reliably detected in the final measurement.
If the narrowband/broadband discrimination function is activated (NB/BB DISCR
softkey), the R&S ESPI automatically selects the detector to use in the final measurement. To this end, the R&S ESPI compares the positive and the negative peak
value obtained in the prescan. If the difference between the two values exceeds a
user-selected threshold, a broadband interferer is assumed, and the quasipeak
detector is used in the final measurement. If the difference falls below this threshold,
a narrowband interferer is assumed, and the average detector is used in the final
measurement. (The R&S ESPI automatically determines the positive and the negative peak value during the prescan.)
The value obtained in the final measurement is added to the peak list, where it
replaces the result of the prescan. With NO OF PEAKS, the maximum number of
peak values to be included in the list can be defined. If this number is attained, the
prescan will be continued, but no further final measurements will be performed.
The THRESHOLD SCAN submenu is called from the RECEIVER main menu:
THRESHOLD (ON OFF)
EDIT PEAK LIST
! EDIT FREQUENCY
INSERT
DELETE
SORT BY FREQUENCY
SORT BY DELTALIMIT
ASCII FILE EXPORT
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.33
Page 47
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
DECIM SEP
PAG E UP
PAG E DOW N
NO OF PEAKS
NB/BB DISCR
MARGIN
FINAL MEAS TIME
AUTOMATIC FINAL
INTER ACTIVE
RUN SCAN
Side menu
ESH2-Z5 | ESH3-Z5 |
ENV 4200 | ENV 216 |
OFF
THRESHOLD
(ON OFF)
EDIT PEAK
LIST
NO OF
PEAKS
PRESCAN PHASES |
FINAL PHASES
RUN SCAN
!
The THRESHOLD (ON OFF) softkey activates or deactivates the THRESHOLD
SCAN measurement function. This function will also be activated on opening the
submenu with the THRESHOLD SCAN softkey from the RECEIVER main menu.
Remote command: FME:THR OFF
The EDIT PEAK LIST softkey calls the EDIT PEAK LIST submenu used for editing
the peak list.
The function of the softkeys are described under the FINAL MEAS / EDIT PEAK
LIST submenu.
Further functions relating to the peak list are described in section “Measurement of a
Peak List” on page 4.125.
With the NO OF PEAKS softkey, you can enter the number of final measurement
peaks to be stored. Numbers between 1 and 500 can be entered. If the selected
number is attained, no further final measurements will be performed.
Remote command: :CALC:PEAK:SUBR 1...500
NB/BB
DISCR
With the NB/BB DISCR softkey, you can enter the decision threshold to be used by
the analyzer to discriminate between broadband and narrowband interference. Values between 0 dB and 200 dB can be entered.
Remote command: :FME:NBBB ON | OFF
:FME:NBBB:LEVel 0..200dB
4.34 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 48
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
MARGIN The MARGIN softkey activates the entry field of the margin, i.e. of an additional
acceptance threshold for the determination of the peak list. The limit line currently
used is shifted by this amount for defining the maxima. The range of values is -200
dB to 200 dB.
Remote command: :CALC:PEAK:MARG –200dB...200dB
FINAL
MEAS TIME
AUTOMATIC
FINAL
INTER
ACTIVE
The FINAL MEAS TIME softkey activates the entry field of the time of final measurement.
Remote command: FME:TIME <num_value>
The AUTOMATIC FINAL softkey activates the automatic mode for the final measurement, i.e. a final measurement will be performed automatically and immediately
each time a value out of limit is detected.
Remote command: :FME:AUTO ON
The INTERACTIVE softkey selects the following sequence for the final measurement:
• The prescan is interrupted – HOLD SCAN state.
• The bar graph measurement is started in the free running mode.
• The signal can be exactly analyzed by modifying the receiver settings.
• The actual final measurement is started, the receiver settings being restored
except the frequency.
• The current frequency replaces the original one in the frequency list (drifting
interference sources).
• The prescan is continued at the frequency at which it was interrupted.
RUN
SCAN
With the AUTOMATIC FINAL softkey in the CONTINUE FINAL MEAS submenu a
switchover can be made to the automatic mode before the measurement is
started anew.
Remote command: :FME:AUTO OFF
The RUN SCAN softkey starts the prescan. The HOLD SCAN submenu is called.
For information about RUN SCAN refer to “Running a Scan” on page 4.55
Out-of-limit value for AUTOMATIC FINAL
If an out-of-limit value is detected, the R&S ESPI automatically goes to the HOLD
SCAN state and starts the final measurement. The HOLD FINAL MEAS Sequence
for AUTOMATIC FINAL submenu comes up. On completion of the final measure-
ment, the R&S ESPI continues the prescan, and the HOLD SCAN submenu is dis-
played again.
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.35
Page 49
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
Out-of-limit value for INTERACTIVE
If an out-of-limit value is detected, the R&S ESPI automatically goes to the HOLD
SCAN state and starts the final measurement. The HOLD FINAL MEAS Sequence
for INTER ACTIVE submenu comes up. On completion of the final measurement,
the R&S ESPI continues the prescan, and the HOLD SCAN submenu is displayed
again.
FINAL MEAS
The FINAL MEAS softkey opens the following submenu (receiver mode):
PEAK SEARCH
EDIT PEAK LIST
NO OF PEAKS
PEAKS SUBRANGES
MARGIN
FINAL MEAS TIME
AUTOMATIC FINAL
! EDIT FREQUENCY
INSERT
DELETE
SORT BY
FREQUENCY
SORT BY DELTALIMIT
ASCII FILE EXPORT
DECIM SEP
PAG E UP
PAG E DOW N
INTER ACTIVE
RUN FINAL MEAS
ESH2-Z5 | ESH3-Z5 |
ENV 4200 | ENV 216 |
OFF
PRESCAN PHASES |
FINAL PHASES
RUN FINAL MEAS
*) Dependent on the selected measurement mode AUTOMATIC FINAL or INTER ACTIVE.
!
! HOLD FINAL MEAS! AUTOMATIC FINAL
PHASE N | PHASE L1 |
PHASE L2 | PHASE L3
PE GROUNDED / PE
FLOATING
INTER ACTIVE
SIKP FREQUENCY*
GET MAXHOLD*
MEASURE
STOP FINAL MEAS STOP FINAL MEAS
4.36 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 50
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
PEAK
SEARCH
The PEAK SEARCH softkey starts the determination of the subrange maxima list
from the available scan results. The procedure can be repeated as often as desired
to try out different settings of margin and number of subranges.
Remote command: :CALC:PEAK
The following table shows the peak list which is determined by the peak search function after the prescan:
EDIT PEAK
LIST
EDIT
FREQUENCY
The EDIT PEAK LIST softkey calls the EDIT PEAK LIST submenu used for editing
the peak list. A frequency list can thus be predefined and a final measurement carried out at these frequencies.
EDIT FREQUENCY
INSERT
DELETE
SORT BY
FREQUENCY
SORT BY DELTALIMIT
ASCII FILE EXPORT
DECIM SEP
PAG E UP
PAG E DOW N
A peak list can also be generated by adopting the marker values (see section
“Change of Settings via Markers – MKR-> Key” on page 4.59)
The EDIT FREQUENCY softkey activates table EDIT PEAK LIST. The cursor marks
the upper field of column FREQUENCY.
Remote command: --
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.37
Page 51
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
INSERT The INSERT softkey creates an empty line above the current cursor position.
Remote command: --
DELETE The DELETE softkey erases the complete line at the cursor position. Before dele-
tion, a message appears requesting confirmation.
Remote command: --
SORT BY
FREQUENCY
SORT BY
DELTALIMIT
ASCII FILE
EXPORT
The softkey SORT BY FREQUENCY sorts the table in a descending order according the entries in the FREQUENCY column.
Remote command: --
The softkey SORT BY DELTA LIMIT sorts the table in a descending order according
to the entries in the DELTA LIMIT column.
Remote command: --
The ASCII FILE EXPORT softkey stores the final measurement data in a file with
ASCII format, e.g. on memory stick.
Remote command: FORM ASC;
MMEM:STOR:FIN 1,'FINAL.DAT'
The file consists of the header containing important scaling parameters, several data
sections containing the scan settings and a data section containing the results of the
final measurement.
The data of the file header consist of three columns, each separated by a semicolon:
parameter name; numeric value; base unit
The data section for the trace date starts with the keyword " Trace <n> Final" (<n> =
number of stored trace), followed by the measured data in one or several columns
which are also separated by a semicolon.
This format can be read in from spreadsheet calculation programs, e.g. MS Excel. It
is necessary to define ';' as a separator.
Different language versions of evaluation programs may require a different handling of the decimal point. It is therefore possible to select between separators '.'
(decimal point) and ',' (comma) using softkey DECIM SEP.
DECIM SEP The DECIM SEP softkey selects the decimal separator between '.' (decimal point)
and ',' (comma) with floating-point numerals for the function ASCII FILE EXPORT.
With the selection of the decimal separator different language versions of evaluation
programs (e.g. MS Excel) can be supported.
Remote command: FORM:DEXP:DSEP POIN
4.38 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 52
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
Structure of the ASCII file
Table 4-1 RECEIVER mode, final measurement data – File header
Content of file Description
Type; R&S ESPI; Instrument model
Version;2.32; Firmware version
Date;03.Aug 2004; Date record storage date
Mode;Receiver; Instrument operating mode
Start;10000;Hz
Stop;100000;Hz
x-Axis;LIN; Scaling of x axis linear (LIN) or logarithmic (LOG)
Scan Count;1; Number of scans set
Transducer;TRD1; Transducer name (if switched on)
Scan 1: Loop over all defined scan ranges (1-10)
Start;150000;Hz Range - start frequency in Hz
Stop;1000000;Hz Range – stop frequency in Hz
Step;4000;Hz Range - step width in Hz for linear step width or in% (1-100)
RBW;100000;Hz Range - resolution bandwidth
Meas Time;0.01;s Range - measurement time
Auto Ranging;ON; Auto ranging on - or off for current range
RF Att;20;dB Range - input attenuation
Auto Preamp;OFF; Auto Preamp on or off for current range
Preamp;0;dB Range - preamplifier on (20dB) or off (0dB)
Start/stop of the display range.
Unit: Hz
for logarithmic step width
Table 4-2 RECEIVER mode, final measurement data – Data section of the file
Content of file Description
TRACE 1 FINAL: Selected trace
Trace Mode;CLR/WRITE; Trace mode: CLR/WRITE,AVERAGE,MAX HOLD,MIN
HOLD, VIEW, BLANK
Final Detector, QUASIPEAK; Final detector MAX PEAK, MIN PEAK, RMS, AVERAGE,
QUASIPEAK, CISPR RMS, CISPR AV
x-Unit;Hz; Unit of x values:
y-Unit;dBuV; Unit of y values:
Final Meas Time;1.000000;s Final measurement time
Margin;6.000000:s Margin
Values;8; Number of test points
2;154000.000000;81.638535;15.638
535;N;GND
1;158000.000000;86.563789;7.5637
89;N;GND
2;1018000.000000;58.689873;-
1.310127;N;GND
...
Measured values:
<Trace>;<x-value>, <y-value>; <phase>; <ground>
Phase and protective grounding are output only if a line
impedance stabilization has been activated. They specify the
setting at which the maximum RFI level at the associated
frequency was found.
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.39
Page 53
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
Example for exported final measurement data
Type;R&S ESPI;
Version;2.23;
Date;03.Mar 08;
Mode;Receiver;
Start;150000.000000;Hz
Stop;30000000.000000;Hz
x-Axis;LOG;
Scan Count;1;
Transducer;;
Scan 1:
Start;150000.000000;Hz
Stop;30000000.000000;Hz
Step;4000.000000;Hz
RBW;9000.000000;Hz
Meas Time;0.001000;s
Auto Ranging;OFF;
RF Att;10.000000;dB
Auto Preamp;OFF;
Preamp;0.000000;dB
TRACE 1 FINAL:
Trace Mode;CLR/WRITE;
Final Detector;MAX PEAK;
TRACE 2 FINAL:
Trace Mode;CLR/WRITE;
Final Detector;AVERAGE;
x-Unit;Hz;
y-Unit;dBuV;
Final Meas Time;1.000000;s
Margin;6.000000;dB
Values;11;
2;154000.000000;81.638535;15.638535;N;GND
1;158000.000000;86.563789;7.563789;N;GND
2;1018000.000000;58.689873;-1.310127;N;GND
2;302000.000000;63.177345;-2.822655;L1;GND
2;3294000.000000;56.523022;-3.476978;N;GND
2;1122000.000000;53.849747;-6.150253;N;GND
2;10002000.000000;47.551216;-12.448784;N;GND
1;3390000.000000;59.762917;-13.237083;N;GND
1;9998000.000000;58.309189;-14.690811;L1;GND
2;20002000.000000;45.142456;-14.857544;L1;GND
2;7502000.000000;36.406967;-23.593033;L1;GND
NO OF
PEAKS
4.40 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
The NO OF PEAKS softkey activates the entry field of the number of subranges or
peaks for the determination of the peak list. The range of values is 1 to 500.
Remote command: :CALC:PEAK:SUBR 1 to 500
Page 54
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
PEAKS
SUBRANGES
MARGIN The MARGIN softkey activates the entry field of the margin, i.e. of an additional
FINAL
MEAS TIME
AUTOMATIC
FINAL
The PEAKS SUBRANGES softkey defines the search method with which maxima
are searched for within a scan.
PEAKS Determination of a specific number of peak values relative to the
limit lines with the level values being independent of their frequency spectral distribution.
SUBRANGES Generating subrange maxima, i.e. the interference spectrum is
further analyzed at frequencies with the highest interference level
of a frequency subrange.
Remote command: :CALC:PEAK:METH SUBR|PEAK
acceptance threshold for the determination of the peak list. The limit line currently
used is shifted by this amount for defining the maxima. The range of values is -200
dB to 200 dB.
Remote command: :CALC:PEAK:MARG -200dB to 200dB
The FINAL MEAS TIME softkey activates the entry field of the time of final measurement.
Remote command: FME:TIME <num_value>
The AUTOMATIC FINAL softkey selects the automatic routine for the final measure-
ment. This routine is run according to the available frequency list without user interaction.
INTER
ACTIVE
Remote command: :FME:AUTO ON
The INTERACTIVE softkey selects the following sequence for the final measurement:
• A frequency from the frequency list is set together with the associated settings
from the corresponding partial scan.
• The marker is set on this frequency in the scan diagram.
• The final measurement sequence switches to the Interrupted status.
• The signal can be exactly analyzed by modifying the receiver settings.
• CONTINUE AT HOLD starts the actual final measurement, the receiver settings
being restored except the frequency.
• The current frequency replaces the original one in the frequency list (drifting
interference sources)
• Next frequency of frequency list.....
With the AUTOMATIC FINAL softkey in the CONTINUE FINAL MEAS submenu a
switchover can be made to the automatic mode before the measurement is
started anew.
Remote command: :FME:AUTO OFF
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.41
Page 55
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
RUN
FINAL MEAS
HOLD
FINAL MEAS
Sequence for RUN FINAL MEAS
The RUN FINAL MEAS softkey starts the final measurement sequence as described
below. The HOLD FINAL MEAS submenu is called.
Dependent on the selected measurement mode (AUTOMATIC FINAL or INTER
ACTIVE) for the final measurement, two different submenus of the HOLD FINAL
MEAS menu are displayed.
The detectors used for the final measurement replace those used in the list or for the
prescan.
The out-of-limit condition is shown by a plus sign preceding the values in the DELTA
LIMIT column (see table below).
Remote command: --
The final measurement function is only available in the manual operation. For
operation under program control it is preferable to read the prescan results and
the data-reduced peak list, if any, from the R&S ESU with the controller and carry
out the individual measurements with the controller. This considerably makes the
control of the interactive mode easier.
Dependent on the selected measurement mode (AUTOMATIC FINAL or INTER
ACTIVE) for the measurement, two different submenus of the HOLD FINAL MEAS
menu are displayed.
AUTOMATIC
FINAL
The HOLD FINAL MEAS softkey interrupts the automatic run of the final measurement.
The CONTINUE FINAL MEAS submenu appears.
Sequence for AUTOMATIC FINAL
HOLD FINAL MEAS! AUTOMATIC FINAL
INTER ACTIVE
MEASURE
STOP FINAL MEAS
STOP FINAL MEAS
With the final measurement halted all receiver settings can be modified for example
for examining the signal in detail.
The mode of the measurement (automatic or interactive) can again be selected.
The final measurement can be started with the MEASURE softkey.
Remote command: --
The AUTOMATIC FINAL softkey selects the automatic mode for the final measurement (see above).
Remote command: :FME:AUTO ON
4.42 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 56
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
INTER
ACTIVE
The INTERACTIVE softkey selects the interactive mode for the final measurement
as described above.
Remote command: :FME:AUTO OFF
MEASURE The MEASURE softkey continues with the final measurement. The final measure-
ment starts at the next frequency entry on the peak list or at a marked frequency if
one or several lines have been skipped with the SKIP FREQUENCY softkey.
Remote command: --
STOP
FINAL MEAS
The STOP FINAL MEAS softkey halts the final measurement. The final measurement starts from the beginning on a new start. The previously collected data is lost.
Remote command: --
Sequence for INTER ACTIVE
HOLD SCAN AUTOMATIC FINAL
INTER ACTIVE
SIKP FREQUENCY
GET MAXHOLD
MEASURE
AUTOMATIC
FINAL
INTER
ACTIVE
STOP SCAN
STOP FINAL MEAS
With the final measurement halted all receiver settings can be modified for example
for examining the signal in detail.
The mode of the measurement (automatic or interactive) can be selected again. The
final measurement can be skipped. The highest level measured can be sccepted by
GET MAXHOLD. The final measurement can be started with the MEASURE softkey.
Remote command: --
The AUTOMATIC FINAL softkey selects the automatic mode for the final measurement (see above).
Remote command: :FME:AUTO ON
The INTERACTIVE softkey selects the interactive mode for the final measurement
as described above.
Remote command: :FME:AUTO OFF
SIKP
FREQUENCY
The SIKP FREQUENCY softkey skips the final measurement and continues with the
prescan.
Remote command: --
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.43
Page 57
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
GET MAXHOLD The GET MAXHOLD softkey accepts the highest level measured during the HOLD
SCAN state as a result for the final measurement and continues the prescan. (The
level value in question is displayed as a small bar in the bargraph.)
Remote command: --
MEASURE The MEASURE softkey continues with the final measurement. The final measure-
ment starts at the next frequency entry on the peak list or at a marked frequency if
one or several lines have been skipped with the SKIP FREQUENCY softkey.
Remote command: --
STOP
FINAL MEAS
The STOP FINAL MEAS softkey halts the final measurement. The final measurement starts from the beginning on a new start. The previously collected data is lost.
Remote command: --
The peak list available after the final measurement:
4.5.4.6 Selection of Detectors for Final Measurement
The selection of detectors for the final measurement is made in the right side menu
TRACE DETECTOR (see section “Selection and Setting of Traces – TRACE Key”
on page 4.64).
The detectors to be used for the final measurement can be set here for each trace,
i.e. any combination of prescan and final measurement is possible. The required
flexibility is thus obtained for the diverse test specifications which are covered by
means of the R&S ESPI.
In the THRESHOLD SCAN mode, with the NB/BB DISCR function active, the
R&S ESPI automatically selects the detector to be used in the final measurement on
the basis of the results obtained in the prescan.
4.44 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 58
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
Fig. 4.14 Results of prescan and final measurement
Automatic Control of Line Impedance Stabilization Networks
The selected phases are controlled during the prescan and the final measurement
via the USERPORT with the LISN switched on.
Only one phase and one PE setting (1 out of n) can be selected for the prescan. Any
number of settings can be selected for the final measurement (m out of n).
All selected phase/PE combinations are measured during the final measurement
and the maximum value is determined.
The softkeys to select the V-network to be controlled in the PRESCAN PHASES and
in the FINAL PHASES are available either via the side menu of the FINAL MEAS
submenu or via the side menu of the THRESHOLD SCAN submenu.
In contrast, the LISN menu in the SETUP menu is used for the direct control of the
LISN and is not included in the automatic sequences.
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.45
Page 59
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
In the FINAL MEAS side menu, the following softkeys are available:
ESH2-Z5 | ESH3-Z5 |
ENV 4200 | ENV 216 |
OFF
ESH2-Z5 |
ESH3-Z5 |
ENV 4200 |
ENV 216 |
OFF
PRESCAN PHASES |
FINAL PHASES
RUN FINAL MEAS
!
! HOLD FINAL MEAS! AUTOMATIC FINAL
PHASE N | PHASE L1 |
PHASE L2 | PHASE L3
PE GROUNDED / PE
FLOATING
INTER ACTIVE
MEASURE
STOP FINAL MEAS STOP FINAL MEAS
The ESH2-Z5, ESH3-Z5, ENV 4200, ENV 216 and OFF softkeys allow to select the
V-network to be controlled via the user port.
ESH2-Z5 four-line V-network is controlled.
ESH3-Z5 two-line V-network is controlled.
ENV 4200 four-line V-network is controlled.
ENV 216 two-line V-network is controlled.
OFF remote control is deactivated.
Remote command: :INPut:LISN[:TYPE] TWOPhase| FOURphase|
ENV4200 | ENV216 | OFF
PRESCAN
PHASES |
FINAL PHASES
PHASE N |
PHASE L1 |
PHASE L2 |
PHASE L3
PE GROUNDED
/ PE FLOATING
The PRESCAN PHASES and FINAL PHASES softkeys open the submenu for the
selection of phase and protective earth setting.
PRESCAN PHASES: Softkeys ESH2-Z5, ESH3-Z5, ENV 4200, ENV 216 and
OFF or PHASE N, PHASE L1, PHASE L2 and PHASE
L3 as well as PE GROUNDED and PE FLOATING are
toggle keys. Only one of them can be activated at a time.
FINAL PHASES: All combinations of phases and PE setting are possible.
The PHASE N, PHASE L1, PHASE L2 and PHASE L3 softkeys select the phase of
the V-network on which the RFI voltage is to be measured.
PHASE N RFI on phase N is measured,
PHASE L1 RFI on phase L1 is measured,
PHASE L2 RFI on phase L2 is measured
(only for ESH2-Z5/ENV 4200),
PHASE L3 RFI on phase L3 is measured
(only for ESH2-Z5/ENV 4200).
Remote command: :INP:LISN:PHAS L1 | L2 | L3 | N
The PE GROUNDED and PE FLOATING softkeys switch the protective earth conductor chokes on or off.
4.46 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 60
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
PE GROUNDED protective earth conductor choke switched off,
PE FLOATING protective earth conductor choke switched on.
Remote command: :INP:LISN:PEAR GRO |FLO
Settings made in the PRESCAN PHASES menu are immediately output at the user
port. This way, the menu can be used to remote control the V-networks during manual measurements.
For automatic phase selection with the V-networks, the R&S ESPI user interface
and the V-networks have to be connected via a control line:
Fig. 4.15 Connection R&S ESPI with R&S ESH2-Z5 (for direct connection without a filter: cable EZ-
Fig. 4.16 Connection R&S ESPI with R&S ESH2-Z5 (for direct connection without a filter: cable EZ-
Fig. 4.17 Connection R&S ESPI with R&S ENV4200 (for direct connection without a filter: cable
13)
14, model 02)
EZ-21)
For controlling the phase selection and the PE simulating network of the V-networks
ESH2-Z5, ESH3-Z5 and ENV42000, the +5-V supply voltage and some control lines
are to be routed through the wall of the shielded room.
The connection cables EZ-14 and EZ-5 can be provided for the 4-line V-network
ESH2-Z5, the connection cable EZ-14 and EZ-6 for the two-line V-network ESH3-Z5
and the connection cables ES-14 and EZ-21 for the 4-line V-network ENV4200.
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.47
Page 61
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
When the R&S ESPI is used inside the shielded room, the filter configuration is
omitted. The cable EZ-14 is then used for controlling the R&S ESH3-Z5, the
cable EZ-13 for controlling the R&S ESH2-Z5, and the cable EZ-21 for controlling
the R&S ENV4200.
Fig. 4.18 Assignment of connection cables EZ-5, -6, -14 and -21 with AF filters for feeding the 5-V
supply and the control information for the V-networks R&S ESH2-Z5, R&S ESH3-Z5 and
R&S ENV4200 into a shielded room.
4.5.5 Frequency Scan and Time Domain Scan – SWEEP Key
4.5.5.1 Stepped Scan in the Frequency Domain
In the scan mode, R&S ESPI measures in a predefined frequency range with selectable step width and measurement time for each frequency.
Either the current receiver settings or the settings defined in the Scan table are
used. Up to 10 subranges which need not be next to each other can be defined
within one scan. The subranges are then scanned by R&S ESPI one after the other.
Measurement ranges should not overlap. The parameters to be measured in each
subrange can be selected independently (SWEEP menu, SCAN TABLE table).
4.48 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 62
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
Transducer factors or transducer sets and limit lines can be defined and displayed
separately and are not part of the scan data record.
The scanned frequency range is defined by the start and stop frequency set independently of the scan table (SCAN TABLE table or FREQUENCY menu). A scan
table can thus be defined for each measurement task, which can be stored and
reloaded. The required frequency range can be defined by means of two parameters
which can be set via keys so that no elaborate editing has to be done in the scan
table.
start frequency stop frequency
scan ranges
transducer set
Fig. 4.19 Definition of scan range
Scanning is started with the RUN SCAN softkey. The scan can be performed as a
single scan or continuously. In the case of single scan it is stopped when the stop
frequency is reached. The continuous scan can be interrupted with the HOLD SCAN
softkey or terminated with the STOP SCAN softkey.
The maximal number of measured frequencies is limited to 1.000.000. A maximum
of 3 x 1.000.000 values (1.000.000 per detector) can be stored for postprocessing. If
the scan subranges are defined so that more than the possible values would be
measured, a respective message is output upon the scan start. Afterwards the scan
is performed up to the maximum value.
At least one scan is defined in the list. Two subranges are defined in the default
setup. All other parameters are shown in the following table:
Table 4-1 Default setup of scan table
Range 1 Range 2
Start frequency 150 kHz 30 MHz
Stop frequency 30 MHz 1 GHz
Step width Auto Auto
IF bandwidth 9 kHz 120 kHz
Measurement time 1 ms 100 µs
Auto ranging OFF OFF
Attenuation mode Normal Normal
RF attenuation 10 dB 10 dB
Preamplification OFF OFF
The diagram parameters to be defined are: start frequency 150 kHz, stop frequency
1 GHz, min. level 0 dBµV, grid range log 100 dB, log. frequency axis and continuous
scan.
The measurement parameters correspond to the settings recommended for overview measurements to CISPR 16.
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.49
Page 63
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
4.5.5.2 Display of Measurement Results
Full-screen or split-screen mode can be selected for result display. In the full-screen
mode, the result diagram covers the whole screen area.
In split-screen mode, the upper half of the screen displays the frequency and level
readout, i.e. a bar graph. The diagram is displayed in the lower half.
Up to 3 detectors can be measured simultaneously. They are assigned to traces 1 to
3. Since the detectors are set only once, it is not possible to measure with different
detectors in different the subranges.
4.5.5.3 Entry of Scan Data
SWEEP
Pressing the SWEEP key opens the menu to configure and start the scan.
USE SCAN
TABLE
!
USE CURR
SETTINGS
ADJUST AXIS
INS BEFORE
RANGE
INS AFTER RANGE
DELETE RANGE
RANGES 1-5 | 6-10
FREQ AXIS
(LIN LOG)
10dB MIN (ON OFF)
RUN PRESCAN+FINAL
RUN SCAN HOLD SCAN CONT AT REC
FREQ
CONT AT HOLD
STOP SCAN
STOP SCAN
SINGLE SCAN
CONTINUOUS
SCAN
FREQ AXIS
(LIN LOG)
RUN PRESCAN+FINAL
RUN SCAN HOLD SCAN CONT AT REC
FREQ
STOP SCAN CONT AT HOLD
STOP SCAN
A scan is defined in the form of tables or it is performed using the current setting.
4.50 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 64
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
In the SCAN table, the scan subranges are defined. Each scan range is specified by
start frequency, stop frequency, step width and the measurement parameters that
are valid for this range.
The scan can be performed as a single scan or continuously (softkeys SINGLE
SCAN and CONTINUOUS SCAN).
Scanning is started with the RUN SCAN softkey.
USE SCAN
TABLE
ADJUST AXIS
INS BEFORE
RANGE
INS AFTER RANGE
DELETE RANGE
RANGES 1-5 | 6-10
FREQ AXIS
(LIN LOG)
10dB MIN (ON OFF)
RUN SCAN HOLD SCAN CONT AT REC
FREQ
CONT AT HOLD
STOP SCAN STOP SCAN
The USE SCAN TABLE softkey opens a submenu where existing scan tables can
be edited or new ones created. Tables with the current scan settings are displayed.
Remote command: --
In the SCAN TABLE the parameters for the individual subranges can be set.
Scan Start - start frequency of display range
Scan Stop - stop frequency of display range
Step Mode - selection of frequency switching mode
Start - Entry of start frequency
Stop - Entry of stop frequency
Step Size - Entry of step size
RES BW - Entry of IF bandwidth
Meas Time - Entry of measurement time
Auto Ranging - Activates the autorange function
RF Atten - Entry of a fixed RF attenuation
Preamp - Switching the preamplifier on and off
Auto Preamp - Activates the auto preamp function
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.51
Page 65
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
Scan Start - start frequency of display range
Range is f
min
to f
max
-10 Hz
This value can also be set in the FREQ menu (START softkey).
Remote command: FREQ:STAR 20 MHz
Scan Stop - stop frequency of display range
Range is f
+ 10 Hz to f
min
max
.
This value can also be set in the FREQ menu (STOP softkey).
Remote command: FREQ:STOP 1250 MHz
Step Mode - selection of frequency switching mode
Linear or logarithmic frequency switching can be selected. The selected setting is
valid for all scan ranges.
LIN linear frequency switching.
AUTO linear frequency switching.
The step width is selected automatically depending on the set resolution
bandwidth so that all signals occurring in the scan range are reliably
detected without any significant measurement error (about one third of resolution bandwidth.
LOG logarithmic frequency switching.
The frequency is incremented in % of the current frequency.
Remote command: SWE:SPAC LIN
Start - Entry of start frequency
The start frequency of a subrange must be equal to or greater than the stop frequency of the previous subrange.
On entering the start frequency, the preceding scan range is – if necessary –
adapted automatically to avoid overlapping of scan ranges.
Remote command: SCAN1:STAR 150 kHz
4.52 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 66
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
Stop - Entry of stop frequency
The stop frequency of a subrange must be equal to or greater than the start frequency of the subrange.
On entering the stop frequency, the preceding scan range is – if necessary –
adapted automatically to avoid overlapping of scan ranges.
Remote command: SCAN1:STOP 30 MHz
Step Size - Entry of step size
In the case of linear frequency increments, step widths between 1 Hz and the maximum R&S ESPI frequency can be set. When a step size greater than the scan
range is entered (from start to stop), R&S ESPI performs a measurement at the start
and stop frequency.
With logarithmic frequency increments, values between 0.1% and 100% can be set
with steps of 1/2/3/5.
With STEP AUTO selected, the step size cannot be changed because it is automatically set with respect to the IF bandwidth.
Remote command: SCAN1:STEP 4 kHz
RES BW - Entry of IF bandwidth
In the case of quasipeak, CISPR Average or CISPR RMS weighting, usually a fixed
bandwidth is set which cannot be changed (CISPR).
However, the coupling of the IF bandwidth to the frequency range can be cancelled
using softkey CISPR RBW UNCOUPLED in the MEAS DETECTOR menu.
Remote command: SCAN1:BAND:RES 9 kHz
Meas Time - Entry of measurement time
The measurement time can be set between 100 µs and 100 s separately for each
subrange. In the case of quasipeak weighting, the minimum is 1 ms. The measurement time can be set independently for each scan range.
Remote command: SCAN1:TIME 1ms
Auto Ranging - Activates the autorange function
If 0 dB RF attenuation is used with autoranging, care must be taken that the permissible signal level at the RF input is not exceeded.
Exceeding this level would damage the input mixer.
The 0 dB attenuation should under no circumstances be used when RFI voltage
measurements are performed with the aid of artificial networks as in this case very
high pulses occur during phase switching.
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.53
Page 67
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
ON R&S ESPI automatically sets the input attenuation as a function of
the signal level.
OFF The input attenuation setting of the scan table is used.
Remote command: SCAN1:INP:ATT:AUTO OFF
RF Atten - Entry of a fixed RF attenuation
The RF attenuation can be set separately for each subrange.
Remote command: SCAN1:INP:ATT 10dB
Preamp - Switching the preamplifier on and off
The preamplifier can be switched on/off separately for each subrange.
Remote command: SCAN1:INP:GAIN:STAT OFF
Auto Preamp - Activates the auto preamp function
ADJUST
AXIS
INS BEFORE
RANGE
INS AFTER
RANGE
ON The preamplifier is considered in autoranging. It is only cut in after the
attenuation has been reduced to the minimum settable value.
OFF Auto ranging without preamplification.
Remote command: SCAN1:INP:GAIN:AUTO OFF
The ADJUST AXIS softkey automatically sets the limits of the diagram so that the
lower limit frequency corresponds to the start frequency of range 1 and the upper
limit frequency to the stop frequency of the last range.
Remote command: --
The INS BEFORE RANGE softkey shifts the active scan range in the table to the left
by one column. A new column with identical settings is created. The limit frequencies can be changed accordingly.
Remote command: --
The INS AFTER RANGE softkey shifts the active scan range in the table to the right
by one column. A new column with identical settings is created. The limit frequencies can be changed accordingly.
Remote command: --
DELETE
RANGE
RANGES
1-5 | 6-10
4.54 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
The DELETE RANGE softkey clears the activated scan range. All other ranges are
shifted to the left by one column.
Remote command: --
With the RANGES 1-5 | 6-10 softkey a switchover can be made between ranges 1-5
and 6-10.
Remote command: --
Page 68
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
FREQ AXIS
For details refer to “FREQ AXIS (LIN LOG)” on page 4.55.
(LIN LOG)
10dB MIN
For details refer to “10 DB MIN (ON OFF)” on page 4.17 (AMPT menu).
(ON OFF)
RUN PRE-
For details refer to “Triggering the Scan – TRIG Key” on page 4.56.
SCAN+FINAL
RUN SCAN For details refer to “RUN SCAN” on page 4.55.
USE CURR
SETTINGS
The USE CURR SETTINGS softkey activates a scan which is performed using the
current receiver settings. The step size is automatically set with respect to the IF
bandwidth (Step Mode Auto). The start and stop frequency is set via the FRE-
QUENCY menu.
Remote command: --
SINGLE SCAN
Pressing the SINGLE SCAN softkey triggers a frequency scan. R&S ESPI stops at
the end frequency.
The enhancement label SGL displayed at the screen edge indicates that the singlescan mode is set.
CONTINUOUS
SCAN
FREQ AXIS
(LIN LOG)
RUN PRESCAN+FINAL
4.5.5.4 Running a Scan
RUN SCAN
Remote command: :INIT2:CONT OFF
The CONTINUOUS SCAN softkey selects the continuous scan mode. R&S ESPI
scans continuously until the scan is stopped.
Remote command: :INIT2:CONT ON
The FREQ AXIS (LIN LOG) switches between linear and logarithmic frequency axis.
Default is LOG.
Remote command: DISP:TRAC:X:SPAC LOG
The RUN PRE-SCAN+FINAL softkey is starting a sequence, consisting of a prescan, the peak search-function and the final measurement.
Remote command: INIT2:EMIT
HOLD SCAN CONT AT REC
FREQ
STOP SCAN CONT AT HOLD
STOP SCAN
The RUN SCAN softkey starts the frequency scan with the selected settings. The
HOLD SCAN submenu is displayed instead of the menu shown before the scan is
started.
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.55
Page 69
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
At the beginning of the scan, R&S ESPI sets up the diagram as specified in the scan
table and starts the scan in the selected mode (SINGLE or CONTINUOUS). With
SINGLE selected, R&S ESPI performs a single scan and stops at the end frequency. With CONTINUOUS selected, the scan is performed continuously until it is
deliberately stopped.
The measurement can be interrupted with HOLD SCAN or stopped with STOP
SCAN. The two softkeys are displayed instead of the menu shown before the scan
is started.
If a transducer set is defined with points of changeover, the scan automatically stops
at the frequencies of the new subrange of the transducer set and the user may
exchange the transducer.
The following message informs the user that the limit has been reached:
TDS Range # reached, CONTINUE / BREAK
He can continue the scan at the point of change over by confirming the message
(CONTINUE) or he can switch off the transducer (BREAK).
Remote command: INIT2
HOLD SCAN The HOLD SCAN softkey interrupts the scan.
The scan stops at the frequency at which it was interrupted until it is continued with
the CONT AT REC FREQ or CONTINUE AT HOLD softkeys.
While the scan is stopped, the receiver settings can be changed, e.g. for a detailed
analysis of the recorded trace.
Remote command: :HOLD
CONT AT REC
FREQ
CONT AT HOLD With the CONT AT HOLD softkey the scan is continued where it was interrupted.
STOP SCAN The STOP SCAN softkey stops the scan. Upon restart, scanning starts at the begin-
With the CONT AT REC FREQ softkey the scan is continued at the current receiver
frequency when the receiver frequency is lower than the frequency at which the
scan was interrupted. Otherwise the scan continues at the frequency at which it was
interrupted.
The scan is always continued with the settings in the scan table.
Remote command: :INIT2
The scan is always continued with the settings in the scan table.
Remote command: --
ning. The results of the performed measurements are lost.
Remote command: :ABOR
4.5.6 Triggering the Scan – TRIG Key
The TRIG key opens a menu for selection of the trigger sources and the trigger
polarity. The active trigger mode is indicated by highlighting the corresponding softkey.
4.56 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 70
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
To indicate that a trigger mode other than FREE RUN has been set, the enhancement label TRG is displayed on the screen. If two windows are displayed, TRG
appears next to the appropriate window.
TRIG
FREE RUN
VIDEO
EXTERN
FREE RUN
VIDEO
EXTERN
POLARITY (POS NEG)
The FREE RUN softkey activates the free-run sweep mode, i.e. start of a scan is not
triggered. Once a measurement is completed, another is started immediately.
FREE RUN is the default setting of R&S ESPI.
Remote command: TRIG:SOUR IMM
The VIDEO softkey activates triggering via the displayed voltage.
For the video triggering mode, a level line showing the trigger threshold is displayed.
Using the level line, the threshold can be adjusted between 0% and100% of the diagram height.
Remote command: TRIG:SOUR VID
TRIG:LEV:VID 50 PCT
The EXTERN softkey activates triggering via a TTL signal at the input connector
EXT TRIGGER/GATE on the rear panel.
POLARITY
(POS NEG)
Remote command: TRIG:SOUR EXT
The POLARITY (POS NEG) softkey selects the polarity of the trigger source.
The scan starts after a positive or negative edge of the trigger signal. The selected
setting is highlighted.
The selection is valid for all trigger modes with the exception of FREE RUN.
The default setting is POLARITY POS.
Remote command: TRIG:SLOP POS
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.57
Page 71
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
4.5.7 Marker Functions – MKR Key
MKR
MARKER
(1234)
MARKER
(NORM DELTA)
MARKER (1 2 3 4)
MARKER (NORM DELTA)
MKR->TRACE
ALL MARKER OFF
The MARKER 1|2|3|4 softkey selects the corresponding marker and activates it.
MARKER 1 is always the normal marker. After they have been switched on, MARK-
ERS 2 to 4 are delta markers that refer to MARKER 1. These markers can be con-
verted into markers with absolute value display by means of the MARKER NORM
DELTA softkey. When MARKER 1 is the active marker, pressing the MARKER
NORM DELTA softkey switches on an additional delta marker.
Pressing the MARKER 1/2/3/4 softkey again switches off the selected marker.
Example:
[PRESET] R&S ESPI is set to the default setting.
[MKR] On calling the menu, MARKER 1 is switched on
('1' highlighted in the softkey) and positioned on
the maximum value of the trace. It is a normal
marker and the MARKER NORMAL softkey is
highlighted.
[MARKER 2] MARKER 2 is switched on ('2' highlighted in the
softkey). It is automatically defined as a delta
marker on switching on so the DELTA is high-
lighted on softkey MARKER NORM | DELTA. The
frequency and level of MARKER 2 with reference
to MARKER 1 are output in the marker info field.
[MARKER NORM | DELTA] The MARKER NORM | DELTA softkey is high-
lighted. MARKER 2 becomes a normal marker.
The frequency and level of MARKER 2 are output
as absolute values in the marker info field.
[MARKER 2] MARKER 2 is switched off. MARKER 1 is the
active marker for entry. The frequency and level
of MARKER 1 are output in the marker info field.
Remote command: CALC:MARK ON;
CALC:MARK:X <value>;
CALC:MARK:Y?
CALC:DELT ON;
CALC:DELT:MODE ABS|REL
CALC:DELT:X <value>;
CALC:DELT:X:REL?
CALC:DELT:Y?
When several traces are being displayed, the marker is set to the maximum value
(peak) of the active trace which has the lowest number (1 to 3). In case a marker is
already located there, it will be set to the frequency of the next lowest level (next
peak).
4.58 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 72
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
A marker can only be enabled when at least one trace in the corresponding window
is visible.
If a trace is turned off, the corresponding markers and marker functions are also
deactivated. If the trace is switched on again (VIEW, CLR/WRITE;..), the markers
along with coupled functions will be restored to their original positions provided the
markers have not been used on another trace.
MKR−>TRACE
ALL MARKER
OFF
4.5.8 Change of Settings via Markers – MKR-> Key
The MKR−>TRACE softkey places the marker on a new trace. The trace is selected
via a data entry field. Only those traces can be selected which are visible on the
screen in the same window.
The function of the softkey is identical to the MKR−>TRACE softkey in the
MKR FCNT and MKR-> menu.
Example:
Three traces are presented on the screen. The marker is always on Trace 1 on
switching on.
[MKR ->TRACE] "2"
The marker jumps to Trace 2 but remains on the previous frequency or time.
[MKR ->TRACE] "3"
The marker jumps to Trace 3.
Remote command: CALC:MARK1:TRAC 1
CALC:DELT:TRAC 1
Pressing the ALL MARKER OFF softkey switches off all marker.
MKR->
The MKR-> menu offers functions through which instrument parameters can be
changed with the aid of the currently active marker. The functions can be used on
markers and delta markers.
On opening the menu, the entry for the last active marker is activated; if no marker
was enabled, MARKER 1 is activated and a peak search is performed.
SELECT MARKER
PEAK
NEXT PEAK
NEXT PEAK RIGHT
NEXT PEAK LEFT
ADD TO PEAK LIST
TUNE TO MARKER
MARKER TRACK
MKR->TRACE
Side menu
MKR-> STEPSIZE
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.59
Page 73
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
MIN
NEXT MIN
NEXT MIN RIGHT
NEXT MIN LEFT
SETTINGS
COUPLED
SELECT
MARKER
PEAK
NEXT PEAK
SEARCH LIMITS
PEAK EXCURSION
! LEFT LIMIT RIGHT
LIMIT
THRESHOLD
SEARCH LIMIT OFF
The SELECT MARKER softkey activates the numerical selection of the marker in
the data entry field. If no marker is active when MKR-> menu is called, MARKER 1 is
automatically switched on. Delta marker 1 is selected by input of ' 0 '.
Remote command: CALC:MARK1 ON;
CALC:MARK1:X <value>;
CALC:MARK1:Y?
The PEAK softkey sets the active marker or delta marker to the peak of the trace.
If no marker is active when MKR-> menu is called, MARKER 1 is automatically
switched on and the peak search is performed.
Remote command: CALC:MARK:MAX
CALC:DELT:MAX
The NEXT PEAK softkey sets the active marker/delta marker to the next lower peak
value on the trace. The search direction is defined in the NEXT MODE submenu
(see analyzer mode).
Remote command: CALC:MARK:MAX:NEXT
CALC:DELT:MAX:NEXT
NEXT PEAK
RIGHT
The NEXT PEAK RIGHT softkey sets the active marker/delta marker to the next
lower peak value to the right side of the current marker position on the selected
trace.
Remote command: CALC:MARK:MAX:RIGH
CALC:DELT:MAX:RIGH
NEXT PEAK
LEFT
The NEXT PEAK LEFT softkey sets the active marker/delta marker to the next lower
peak value to the left side of the current marker position on the trace.
Remote command: CALC:MARK:MAX:LEFT
CALC:DELT:MAX:LEFT
ADD TO PEAK
LIST
The ADD TO PEAK LIST softkey adds the frequency of the current marker to the
peak list (see also section “Data Reduction and Peak List” on page 4.31).
Remote command: --
4.60 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 74
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
TUNE TO
MARKER
MARKER
TRACK
MKR−>TRACE
The TUNE TO MARKER softkey sets the receiver frequency to the marker frequency.
Remote command: :CALC:MARK:FUNC:CENT
The MARKER TRACK softkey couples the current receive frequency to the marker
frequency.
Remote command: :CALC:MARK:COUP ON
The MKR−>TRACE softkey places the marker on a new trace. The trace is selected
via a data entry field. Only those traces can be selected which are visible on the
screen in the same window.
The function of the softkey is identical to the MKR−>TRACE softkey in the
MKR FCNT and MKR menu.
Example:
Three traces are presented on the screen. The marker is always on Trace 1 on
switching on.
[MKR ->TRACE] "2"
The marker jumps to Trace 2 but remains on the previous frequency or time.
[MKR ->TRACE] "3"
MKR−>
STEPSIZE
MIN
NEXT MIN
The marker jumps to Trace 3.
Remote command: CALC:MARK1:TRAC 1
CALC:DELT:TRAC 1
The MKR−>STEPSIZE softkey sets the step size for the receiver frequency variation
to the current marker frequency, and also sets step size adaptation to MANUAL.
STEPSIZE remains at this value until the receiver frequency entry mode in the
STEPSIZE menu is switched from MANUAL to AUTO again.
The MKR−>STEPSIZE function is, above all, useful in the measurement of harmonics.
Remote command: CALC:MARK:FUNC:CST
The MIN softkey sets the active marker to the minimum value on the corresponding
trace.
Remote command: CALC:MARK:MIN
CALC:DELT:MIN
The NEXT MIN softkey sets the active marker/delta marker to the next higher minimum of the selected trace. The search direction is defined in the NEXT MODE submenu (see below).
Remote command: CALC:MARK:MIN:NEXT
CALC:DELT:MIN:NEXT
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.61
Page 75
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
NEXT MIN
RIGHT
NEXT MIN
LEFT
SETTINGS
COUPLED
SEARCH
LIMITS
The NEXT MIN RIGHT softkey sets the active marker/delta marker to the next
higher minimum value to the right of the current marker position on the corresponding trace.
Remote command: CALC:MARK:MIN:RIGH
CALC:DELT:MIN:RIGH
The NEXT MIN LEFT softkey sets the active marker/delta marker to the next higher
minimum value to the left of the current marker positionon the corresponding trace.
Remote command: CALC:MARK:MIN:LEFT
CALC:DELT:MIN:LEFT
The SETTINGS COUPLED softkey couples the receiver frequency settings from the
corresponding subscans to the marker frequency for functions TUNE TO MARKER
and MARKER TRACK.
Remote command: :CALC:MARK:SCO ON
The SEARCH LIMITS softkey limits the search range for maximum or minimum
search. The softkey switches to a submenu in which the search range limits can be
set in the x and y direction.
LEFT LIMIT RIGHT LIMIT
THRESHOLD
SEARCH LIMIT OFF
LEFT LIMIT
RIGHT LIMIT
The LEFT LIMIT and RIGHT LIMIT softkeys define the two vertical lines F1 and F2
in the frequency domain (span > 0) and T1 / T2 in the time domain (span = 0). The
search is performed between these lines in the frequency and time domain.
If only LEFT LIMIT is enabled, line F1/T1 is the lower limit and the upper limit corresponds to the stop frequency. If RIGHT LIMIT is also enabled, it determines the
upper limit.
Remote command: CALC:MARK:X:SLIM:LEFT 1MHZ
CALC:MARK:X:SLIM:RIGH 10MHZ
CALC:MARK:X:SLIM ON
THRESHOLD The THRESHOLD softkey defines the threshold line.
The threshold line represents a limit for the level range of the max. search at the
lower end and that of the min. search at the upper end.
Remote command: CALC:THR -20dBm
CALC:THR ON
SEARCH LIMIT
The SEARCH LIMIT OFF softkey disables all limits of the search range.
OFF
Remote command: CALC:MARK:X:SLIM OFF
CALC:THR OFF
4.62 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 76
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
PEAK
EXCURSION
4.5.9 Marker Functions – MKR FCTN Key
MKR FCNT
The PEAK EXCURSION softkey activates an entry box for selecting the minimum
amount by which a signal level must decrease/increase before it is recognized by
the NEXT PEAK and NEXT MIN search functions as a maximum or minimum.
Input values from 0 to 80 dB are allowed, the resolution being 0.1 dB.
Remote command: CALC:MARK:PEXC 10dB
For detailed explanation see softkey PEAK EXCURSION in ANALYZER mode.
SELECT MARKER
PEAK
MARKER ZOOM
PREV ZOOM
RANGE
ZOOM OFF
MKR->TRACE
On calling the menu, the entry for the last active marker is activated (SELECT
MARKER softkey); if no marker is activated, marker 1 is activated and a maximum
search (PEAK softkey) is performed. The marker can be set to the desired trace by
means of MKR -> TRACE softkey.
SELECT
MARKER
PEAK
MARKER
ZOOM
PREV ZOOM
RANGE
The SELECT MARKER softkey activates the numerical selection of the marker in
the data entry field. Delta marker 1 is selected by input of ' 0 '.
If the marker is switched off, then it is switched on and can be moved later on.
Remote command: CALC:MARK1 ON;
CALC:MARK1:X <value>;
CALC:MARK1:Y?
The PEAK softkey sets the active marker/delta marker to the peak of the trace.
Remote command: CALC:MARK1:MAX
CALC:DELT1:MAX
The MARKER ZOOM softkey zooms 10% of the diagram around the current marker.
At the same time a data entry field opens which allows to enter any frequency range
which is then displayed.
Pressing the softkey again expands the diagram until only 3 measured values are
represented.
Remote command: :CALC:MARK:FUNC:ZOOM <num_value>
The PREV ZOOM RANGE softkey sets again the previous frequency range.
Remote command: --
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.63
Page 77
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
ZOOM
OFF
MKR−>TRACE
4.5.10 Selection and Setting of Traces – TRACE Key
The ZOOM OFF softkey switches off the zoomed representation.
Remote command: :DISP:TRAC:X:ZOOM OFF
The MKR−>TRACE softkey places the marker on a new trace. The trace is selected
via a data entry field. Only those traces can be selected which are visible on the
screen in the same window.
The function of the softkey is identical to the MKR−>TRACE softkey in the MKR and
MKR-> menu.
Example:
Three traces are presented on the screen. The marker is always on Trace 1 on
switching on.
[MKR ->TRACE] "2"
The marker jumps to Trace 2 but remains on the previous frequency or time.
[MKR ->TRACE] "3"
The marker jumps to Trace 3.
Remote command: CALC:MARK1:TRAC 1
CALC:DELT:TRAC 1
The R&S ESPI is capable of displaying up to three different traces at a time in a diagram. A displayed trace consists of a maximum of 501 pixels on the horizontal axis
(frequency or time). If more measured values than pixels are available, several measured values are combined in one pixel.
The R&S ESPI stores up to a million measured values per trace for a frequency
scan in its internal memory.
The traces are selected using the SELECT TRACE softkey in the menu of the
TRACE key.
The traces can individually be activated for a measurement or frozen after completion of a measurement. Traces that are not activated are blanked.
The display mode can be selected for each trace. Traces can be overwritten in each
measurement (CLEAR/WRITE mode), averaged over several measurements
(AVERAGE mode), or a maximum or minimum value can be determined from several measurements and displayed (MAX HOLD or MIN HOLD).
Individual detectors can be selected for the various traces. The max peak detector
and min peak detector display the maximum and minimum value of the level within a
pixel. The rms detector displays the power (rms value) of the measured values
within a pixel, the average detector the average value.
The quasipeak detector yields the level weighted to CISPR 16.
4.64 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 78
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
4.5.10.1 Selection of Trace Function
The trace functions are subdivided as follows:
• Display mode of trace (CLEAR/WRITE, VIEW and BLANK)
• Evaluation of the trace as a whole (AVERAGE, MAX HOLD and MIN HOLD)
• Evaluation of individual pixels of a trace (MAX PEAK, MIN PEAK, QUASIPEAK,
AVERAGE and RMS).
TRACE
SELECT TRACE
CLEAR/ WRITE
MAX HOLD
VIEW
BLANK
SCAN COUNT
DETECTOR
! MAX PEAK
MIN PEAK
QUASIPEAK
AVERAGE
RMS
Side menu
FINAL MAX PEAK
FINAL MIN PEAK
FINAL QUASIPEAK
FINAL AVERAGE
FINAL CISPR AV
FINAL RMS
FINAL CISPR RMS
PEAK LIST
(ON OFF)
Side menu
MIN HOLD
ASCII FILE EXPORT
DECIM SEP
COPY TRACE
The TRACE key opens a menu offering the setting options for the selected trace.
In this menu, the mode of representing the measured data in the frequency or time
domain in the 501 pixels of the display is determined. Upon start of the measurement, each trace can be displayed either completely new or based on the previous
results.
Traces can be displayed, blanked and copied.
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.65
Page 79
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
The measurement detector for the individual display modes can be selected directly
by the user.
The default setting is trace 1 in the overwrite mode (CLEAR / WRITE) and detector
MAX PEAK is selected, trace 2 is also in the overwrite mode (CLEAR / WRITE) and
detector AVERAGE is selected, trace 3 is switched off (BLANK).
The CLEAR/WRITE, MAX HOLD, MIN HOLD, AVERAGE, VIEW and BLANK soft-
keys are mutually exclusive selection keys.
SELECT
TRACE
CLEAR/
WRITE
MAX HOLD
The SELECT TRACE softkey activates the entry for the active trace (1, 2, 3).
Remote command: -- (selected via numeric suffix of :
TRACe)
The CLEAR/WRITE softkey activates the overwrite mode for the collected measured values, i.e. the trace is overwritten by each sweep.
Each time the CLEAR/WRITE softkey is actuated, R&S ESPI clears the selected
trace memory and starts the measurement anew.
Remote command: DISP:WIND:TRAC:MODE WRIT
The MAX HOLD softkey activates the max peak detector.
R&S ESPI saves the sweep result in the trace memory only if the new value is
greater than the previous one.
This is especially useful with modulated or impulsive signals. The signal spectrum is
filled up upon each scan until all signal components are detected in a kind of envelope.
Pressing the MAX HOLD softkey again clears the trace memory and restarts the
max hold mode.
Remote command: DISP:WIND:TRAC:MODE MAXH
VIEW
BLANK
SCAN
COUNT
4.66 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
The VIEW softkey freezes the current contents of the trace memory and displays it.
If in the VIEW display mode the level display range (GRID RANGE) or the reference
level (GRID MIN LEVEL) are changed, R&S ESPI automatically adapts the measured data to the changed display range. This allows an amplitude zoom to be made
after the measurement in order to show details of the trace.
Remote command: DISP:WIND:TRAC:MODE VIEW
The BLANK softkey activates the blanking of the trace on the screen.
Remote command: DISP:WIND:TRAC OFF
The SCAN COUNT softkey activates the entry of the number of scan used in the
SINGLE SCAN mode.
The allowed range of values is 0 to 30000. The default setting is 1.
Remote command: SWE:COUN 10
Page 80
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
DETECTOR
MAX PEAK The MAX PEAK softkey activates the max peak detector.
MIN PEAK The MIN PEAK softkey activates the min peak detector.
QUASIPEAK The QUASIPEAK softkey selects the quasipeak detector.
AVERAGE The AVERAGE softkey activates the average detector.
The DETECTOR softkey opens a submenu to select the detector.
The detector type is set for the trace scan and may be independently selected for
each trace.
For description of detector types see section “Selection of Detector” on page 4.105.
Remote command: DET POS
Remote command: DET NEG
The IF bandwidth is adapted as a function of the frequency range. The coupling of
the IF bandwidth to the frequency range can be cancelled using softkey CISPR
RBW UNCOUPLED.
Remote command: DET QPE
Remote command: DET AVER
RMS The RMS softkey activates the rms detector.
FINAL
MAX PEAK
FINAL
MIN PEAK
FINAL
QUASIPEAK
FINAL
AVERAGE
FINAL
CISPR AV
Remote command: :DET RMS
The FINAL MAX PEAK selects the max peak detector for the final measurement.
Remote command: :DET:FME POS
The FINAL MIN PEAK selects the min peak detector for the final measurement.
Remote command: :DET:FME NEG
The FINAL QUASIPEAK selects the quasipeak detector for the final measurement.
Remote command: :DET:FME QPE
The FINAL AVERAGE selects the average detector for the final measurement.
Remote command: :DET:FME AVER
The FINAL CISPR AV selects the weighting average detector according to CISPR
16-1 for the final measurement.
Remote command: :DET:FME CAV
FINAL
RMS
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.67
The FINAL RMS selects the rms detector for the final measurement.
Remote command: :DET:FME RMS
Page 81
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
CISPR RMS
PEAK LIST
(ON OFF)
MIN HOLD
FINAL
The FINAL CISPR RMS softkey selects the weighting rms detector according to
CISPR 16-1-1 for the final measurement.
Remote command: :DET:FME CRMS
The PEAK LIST (ON OFF) softkey switches on and off the indication of the peak list
or of the final measurement results. The single value is indicated as + or x. The
assignment of symbol to trace is fixed.
RUN SCAN automatically switches PEAK LIST to OFF in order to prevent the indication of preceding final measurement results. PEAK SEARCH automatically sets
PEAK LIST to ON (see “Data Reduction and Peak List” on page 4.31).
Remote command: DISP:TRAC:SYMB CROS | OFF
The MIN HOLD softkey activates the min peak detector. R&S ESPI saves for each
scan the smallest of the previously stored/currently measured values in the trace
memory.
This function is useful e.g. for making an unmodulated carrier in a composite signal
visible. Noise, interference signals or modulated signals are suppressed by the min
hold function whereas a CW signal is recognized by its constant level.
Pressing the MIN HOLD softkey again clears the trace memory and restarts the min
hold function.
ASCII FILE
EXPORT
Remote command: DISP:WIND:TRAC:MODE MINH
The ASCII FILE EXPORT softkey stores the active trace in ASCII format on a USB
device or, if available, a floppy disk.
Remote command: FORM ASC;
MMEM:STOR:TRAC 1,'TRACE.DAT'
The file consists of the header containing important scaling parameters, several data
sections containing the scan settings and a data section containing the trace data.
The data of the file header consist of three columns, each separated by a semicolon:
parameter name; numeric value; base unit
The data section for the scan ranges starts with the keyword "Scan <n>:", (<n> =
number of scan range), followed by the scan data in one or several columns which
are also separated by a semicolon.
The data section for the trace date starts with the keyword " Trace <n> " (<n> = number of stored trace), followed by the measured data in one or several columns which
are also separated by a semicolon.
This format can be read in from spreadsheet calculation programs, e.g. MS Excel. It
is necessary to define ';' as a separator.
Different language versions of evaluation programs may require a different handling of the decimal point. It is therefore possible to select between separators '.'
(decimal point) and ',' (comma) using softkey DECIM SEP.
4.68 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 82
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
Table 4-2 Example – File header:
File contents Description
Type;R&S ESPI Instrument model
Version;1.00; Firmware version
Date;10.Nov 08; Date of data set storage
Mode;Receiver; Instrument mode
Start;150000.000000;Hz
Stop;1000000000.000000;Hz
x-Axis;LOG; Scaling of x-axis linear (LIN) or logarithmic (LOG)
Detector;AVERAGE; Selected detector
Scan Count;1; Scan count
Transducer;; Transducer name (if switched on)
Start/stop of the display range.
Unit: Hz
MAXPEAK, MINPEAK, AVERAGE, RMS, QUASIPEAK
Table 4-3 Example – Data section of the file, Scan ranges
File contents Description
Scan 1: Settings for scan range 1
Start;150000.000000;Hz Range 1 - start frequency in Hz
Stop;30000000.000000;Hz Range 1 – stop frequency in Hz
Step; 4000.000000;Hz Range 1 - step size
RBW;9000.000000;Hz Range 1 - resolution bandwidth
Meas Time;0.001000;s Range 1 - measurement time
Auto Ranging;OFF; Range 1 - Auto ranging on - or off
RF Att;10.000000;dB Range 1 - input attenuation
Auto Preamp;OFF; Range 1 - Auto Preamp on or off
Preamp;0.000000;dB Range 1 - preamplifier on (20dB) or off (0dB)
Scan 2: Settings for scan range 2
Start;30000000.000000;Hz Range 2 - start frequency in Hz
Stop;1000000000.000000;Hz Range 2 – stop frequency in Hz
Step; 50000.000000;Hz Range 2 - step width
RBW;120000.000000;Hz Range 2 - resolution bandwidth
Meas Time;0.000100;s Range 2 - measurement time
Auto Ranging;OFF; Range 2 - Auto ranging on - or off
RF Att;10.000000;dB Range 2 - input attenuation
Auto Preamp;OFF; Range 2 - Auto Preamp on or off
Preamp;0.000000;dB Range 2 - preamplifier on (20dB) or off (0dB)
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.69
Page 83
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Receiver Mode
Table 4-4 Example – Data section of the file, Trace
File contents Description
Trace 1: Selected trace
Trace Mode;CLR/WRITE; Trace mode: CLR/WRITE, MAXHOLD
x-Unit;Hz; Unit of x values: Hz for span > 0
y-Unit;dBµV; Unit of y values:
dB*/V/A/W depending on the selected unit
Values;26863; Number of test points
DECIM SEP
COPY
TRACE
150000.000000;15.604355;
154000.000000;13.236252;
158000.000000;11.907021;
...;...;
Measured values: <x value>, <y value>;
The DECIM SEP softkey selects the decimal separator between '.' (decimal point)
and ',' (comma) with floating-point numerals for the function ASCII FILE EXPORT.
With the selection of the decimal separator different language versions of evaluation
programs (e.g. MS Excel) can be supported.
Remote command: FORM:DEXP:DSEP POIN
The COPY TRACE softkey copies the screen contents of the current trace into
another trace memory. The desired memory is selected by entering the number 1, 2
or 3.
Upon copying, the contents of the selected memory are overwritten and the new
contents displayed in view mode.
Remote command: TRAC:COPY TRACE1,TRACE2
4.70 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 84
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Analyzer Mode
4.6 Analyzer Mode
The analyzer mode is activated by pressing the SPECTRUM hotkey (see also section “Mode Selection – Hotkey Bar” on page 4.9)
SPECTRUM
4.6.1 Frequency and Span Selection – FREQ Key
The SPECTRUM hotkey selects the mode for spectrum analysis, the so-called analyzer mode.
The functions provided correspond to those of a conventional spectrum analyzer.
The R&S ESPI measures the frequency spectrum of the test signal over the
selected frequency range with the selected resolution and sweep time, or, for a fixed
frequency, displays the waveform of the video signal.
If two displays (screen A and screen B) are opened after switch-on of signal analysis, the analyzer mode is only set for the display activated for entry (marked at the
top right corner of diagram). For the other display, the previous settings remain
valid.
Data acquisition and display of measured values is sequential: first in the upper
and then in the lower display.
The FREQ key is used to specify the frequency axis of the active display window.
The frequency axis can be defined either by the start and stop frequency or by the
center frequency and bwthe span (SPAN key). With two windows (SPLIT SCREEN)
displayed at the same time, the input data always refer to the window selected in the
SYSTEM - DISPLAY menu.
The softkeys in the CF STEPSIZE menu depend on the selected domain: frequency
domain or time domain.
FREQ
CENTER
CF STEPSIZE ! 0.1 * SPAN / 0.1 * RBW
0.5 * SPAN / 0.5 * RBW
X * SPAN / X * RBW
= CENTER
= MARKER
MANUAL
START
STOP
FREQUENCY OFFSET
SIGNAL TRACK
! TRACK (ON OFF)
TRACK BW
TRACK THRESHOLD
SELECT TRACE
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.71
Page 85
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Analyzer Mode
CENTER The CENTER softkey opens the window for manually entering the center frequency.
The allowed range of values for the center frequency is:
• for the frequency domain (span >0):
minspan / 2 ≤ f
center
≤ f
max
– minspan / 2
• and for the time domain (span = 0):
0 Hz ≤ f
f
center frequency
center
minspan smallest selectable span > 0 Hz (10 Hz)
max. frequency
f
max
center
≤ f
max
Remote command: FREQ:CENT 100MHz
CF STEPSIZE
The CF STEPSIZE softkey opens a submenu for setting the step size of the center
frequency. The step size can be coupled to the span (frequency domain) or the resolution bandwidth (time domain) or it can be manually set to a fixed value. The softkeys are mutually exclusive selection keys.
The softkeys are presented according to the selected domain (frequency or time).
Softkeys in frequency domain:
0.1 * SPAN The 0.1 * SPAN softkey sets the step size for the center frequency entry to 10% of
the span.
Remote command: FREQ:CENT:STEP:LINK SPAN
FREQ:CENT:STEP:LINK:FACT 10PCT
0.5 * SPAN The 0.5 * SPAN softkey sets the step size for the center frequency entry to 50% of
the span.
Remote command: FREQ:CENT:STEP:LINK SPAN
FREQ:CENT:STEP:LINK:FACT 50PCT
X * SPAN The X * SPAN softkey allows the factor defining the center frequency step size to be
entered as % of the span.
Remote command: FREQ:CENT:STEP:LINK SPAN
FREQ:CENT:STEP:LINK:FACT 20PCT
= CENTER The = CENTER softkey sets the step size coupling to MANUAL and the step size to
the value of the center frequency. This function is especially useful during measurements of the signal harmonic content because by entering the center frequency
each stroke of the STEP key selects the center frequency of another harmonic.
Remote command: --
= MARKER The = MARKER softkey sets the step size coupling to MANUAL and the step size to
the value of the marker. This function is especially useful during measurements of
the signal harmonic content at the marker position because by entering the center
frequency each stroke of the STEP key selects the center frequency of another harmonic.
Remote command: --
4.72 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 86
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Analyzer Mode
MANUAL The MANUAL softkey activates the window for entering a fixed step size.
Remote command: FREQ:CENT:STEP 120MHz
Softkeys in time domain:
0.1 * RBW The 0.1 * RBW softkey sets the step size for the center frequency entry to 10% of
the resolution bandwidth.
AUTO 0.1 * RBW corresponds to the default setting.
Remote command: FREQ:CENT:STEP:LINK RBW
FREQ:CENT:STEP:LINK:FACT 10PCT
0.5 * RBW The 0.5 * RBW softkey sets the step size for the center frequency entry to 50% of
the resolution bandwidth.
Remote command: FREQ:CENT:STEP:LINK RBW
FREQ:CENT:STEP:LINK:FACT 50PCT
X * RBW The X * RBW softkey allows the factor defining the center frequency step size to be
entered as % of the resolution bandwidth.
Values between 1 and 100% in steps of 1% are allowed. The default setting is 10%.
Remote command: FREQ:CENT:STEP:LINK RBW
FREQ:CENT:STEP:LINK:FACT 20PCT
= CENTER The = CENTER softkey sets the step size coupling to MANUAL and the step size to
the value of the center frequency. This function is especially useful during measurements of the signal harmonic content because by entering the center frequency
each stroke of the STEP key selects the center frequency of another harmonic.
Remote command: --
= MARKER The = MARKER softkey sets the step size coupling to MANUAL and the step size to
the value of the marker. This function is especially useful during measurements of
the signal harmonic content at the marker position because by entering the center
frequency each stroke of the STEP key selects the center frequency of another harmonic.
Remote command: --
MANUAL The MANUAL softkey activates the window for entering a fixed step size.
Remote command: FREQ:CENT:STEP 120MHz
START
The START softkey activates the window for manually entering the start frequency.
The allowed range of values for the start frequency is:
0 Hz ≤ f
f
start frequency
start
minspan smallest selectable span (10 Hz)
max. frequency
f
max
start
≤ f
- minspan
max
Remote command: FREQ:STAR 20MHz
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.73
Page 87
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Analyzer Mode
STOP
FREQUENCY
OFFSET
SIGNAL
TRACK
The STOP softkey activates the window for entering the stop frequency.
The allowed range of values for the stop frequency is:
minspan ≤ f
f
stop frequency
stop
minspan smallest selectable span (10 Hz)
max. frequency
f
max
stop
≤ f
max
Remote command: FREQ:STOP 2000MHz
The FREQUENCY OFFSET softkey activates the window for entering an arithmetical frequency offset which is added to the frequency axis labelling. The allowed
range of values for the offset is -100 GHz to 100 GHz. The default setting is 0 Hz.
Remote command: FREQ:OFFS 10 MHz
The SIGNAL TRACK softkey switches on the tracking of a signal near the center frequency. The signal is tracked as long it is in the search bandwidth around the center
frequency defined with TRACK BW and above the level threshold defined with
TRACK THRESHOLD.
For that purpose, the maximum signal is searched (PEAK SEARCH) on the screen
and the center frequency set to this signal (MARKER ->CENTER) after each frequency sweep within the search bandwidth.
If the signal falls below the level threshold or jumps out of the search bandwidth
around the center frequency, the center frequency is not varied until a signal is in the
search bandwidth above the level threshold. This can be achieved by manually
modifying the center frequency, for example.
On switching on, the softkey is highlighted and the search bandwidth and the threshold value are marked on the diagram by two vertical lines and one horizontal line. All
these lines are provided with the designation TRK.
At the same time a submenu is opened in which the search bandwidth, the threshold
value and the trace can be modified for the maximum search.
The softkey is only available in the frequency domain (span >0).
Remote command: CALC:MARK:FUNC:STR OFF
TRACK (ON
The TRACK (ON OFF) softkey switches on and off signal tracking.
OFF)
Remote command: CALC:MARK:FUNC:STR OFF
TRACK BW The TRACK BW softkey defines the search bandwidth for signal tracking. The fre-
quency range is symmetrical with respect to the center frequency.
Remote command: CALC:MARK:FUNC:STR:BAND 10KHZ
TRACK
THRESHOLD
The TRACK THRESHOLD softkey defines the threshold value for signal detection.
The value is always entered as an absolute level value.
Remote command: CALC:MARK:FUNC:STR:THR -70DBM
4.74 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 88
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Analyzer Mode
SELECT TRACE The SELECT TRACE softkey selects the trace on which signal tracking is to be per-
formed.
Remote command: CALC:MARK:FUNC:STR:TRAC 1
4.6.2 Setting the Frequency Span – SPAN Key
The SPAN key opens a menu which offers various options for setting the span.
The entry of the span (SPAN MANUAL softkey) is automatically active for span > 0
Hz.
For span = 0 Hz the entry for sweep time (SWEEPTIME MANUAL) is automatically
active.
With two windows (SPLIT SCREEN) displayed at the same time, the input data
always refer to the window selected with the SCREEN A/B hotkey.
SPAN
SPAN
MANUAL
SWEEPTIME
MANUAL
SPAN MANUAL
SWEEPTIME MANUAL
FULL SPAN
ZERO SPAN
LAST SPAN
FREQ AXIS (LIN LOG)
The SPAN MANUAL softkey activates the window for manually entering the frequency span. The center frequency is kept constant.
Allowed range of span values:
• for the time domain (span = 0): 0 Hz
• and for the frequency domain (span >0): minspan ≤ f
f
frequency span
span
minspan smallest selectable span (10 Hz)
max. frequency
f
max
span
≤ f
max
Remote command: FREQ:SPAN 2GHz
The SWEEPTIME MANUAL softkey activates the window for entering the sweep
time manually with Span = 0 Hz. The softkey is not available for Span > 0 Hz.
Remote command: SWE:TIME 10s
FULL SPAN
The FULL SPAN softkey sets the span to the full frequency range of R&S ESPI.
Remote command: FREQ:SPAN:FULL
ZERO SPAN
The ZERO SPAN softkey sets the span to 0 Hz. The x-axis becomes the time axis
with the grid lines corresponding to 1/10 of the current sweep time (SWT).
Remote command: FREQ:SPAN 0Hz
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.75
Page 89
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Analyzer Mode
LAST SPAN
FREQ AXIS
(LIN LOG)
4.6.3 Level Display Setting and RF Input Configuration – AMPT Key
After changing the span setting the LAST SPAN softkey activates the previous set-
ting. With this function a fast change between overview measurement (FULL SPAN)
and detailed measurement (manually set center frequency and span) is possible.
Only values > 0 Hz are restored, i.e. a transition between time and frequency
domain is not possible.
Remote command: --
The FREQ AXIS (LIN LOG) softkey switches between linear and logarithmic scaling
of the frequency axis. Switch over is only possible if the stop/start frequency ratio is
≥1.4.
The default state is LIN.
The logarithmic frequency axis is only available in analyzer mode and it is not available in zero span mode, in external mixer mode, with frequency offset or if the ratio
stop frequency / start frequency is below 1.4.
Remote command: DISP:WIND<1|2>:TRAC:X:SPAC LIN
AMPT
The AMPT key is used to set the reference level, the maximum level and the display
range of the active window as well as the input impedance and the input attenuation
of the RF input.
The AMPT key opens a menu for setting the reference level and the input attenuation of the active window. The data entry for the reference level (REF LEVEL softkey) is opened automatically.
Further settings regarding level display and attenuation can be made in this menu.
REF LEVEL
RANGE LOG 100 dB
RANGE LOG MANUAL
RANGE LINEAR
UNIT
! dBm / dBmV / dBµV/
RF ATTEN MANUAL
RF ATTEN AUTO
MIXER
! MIXER LOW NOISE
! RANGE LINEAR %
RANGE LINEAR dB
dBµΑ / dBµW / VOLT /
AMPERE / WATT
Side menu
REF LEVEL POSITION
REF LEVEL OFFSET
GRID (ABS REL)
4.76 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 90
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Analyzer Mode
RF INPUT (50W 75W)
REF LEVEL
RANGE LOG
100 dB
RANGE LOG
MANUAL
RANGE
LINEAR
The REF LEVEL softkey allows the reference level to be input in the currently active
unit (dBm, dBµV, etc.)
Remote command: DISP:WIND:TRAC:Y:RLEV -60dBm
The RANGE LOG 100 dB softkey sets the level display range to 100 dB.
Remote command: DISP:WIND:TRAC:Y:SPAC LOG
DISP:WIND:TRAC:Y 100DB
The RANGE LOG MANUAL softkey activates the manual entry of the level display
range. Display ranges from 1 to 200 dB are allowed in 10 dB steps. Inputs which are
not allowed are rounded to the next valid value.
The default setting is 100 dB.
Remote command: DISP:WIND:TRAC:Y:SPAC LOG
DISP:WIND:TRAC:Y 120DB
The RANGE LINEAR softkey selects linear scaling for the level display range of the
R&S ESPIr. In addition, it opens a submenu for selecting % or dB for the scaling.
When linear scaling is selected, the % scaling is first activated (see also RANGE
LINEAR dB softkey).
Remote command: DISP:WIND:TRAC:Y:SPAC LIN
RANGE
LINEAR %
RANGE
LINEAR dB
The RANGE LINEAR % softkey selects linear scaling in % for the level display
range, i.e. the horizontal lines are labelled in %. The grid is divided in decadic steps.
Markers are displayed in the selected unit; delta markers are displayed in % referenced to the voltage value at the position of marker 1.
Remote command: DISP:WIND:TRAC:Y:SPAC LIN
The RANGE LINEAR dB softkey selects linear scaling in dB for the level display
range, i.e. the horizontal lines are labelled in dB.
Markers are displayed in the selected unit; delta markers are displayed in dB referenced to the power value at the position of marker 1.
Remote command: DISP:WIND:TRAC:Y:SPAC LDB
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.77
Page 91
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Analyzer Mode
UNIT
RF ATTEN
MANUAL
dBm
dBmV
dBµV
dBµΑ
dBµW
VOLT
AMPERE
WATT
The UNIT softkey opens a submenu to select the unit for the level axis.
The default setting is dBm.
In general, the R&S ESPI measures the signal voltage at the RF input. The level display is calibrated in rms values of an unmodulated sinewave signal. In the default
state, the level is displayed at a power of 1 mW (= dBm). Via the known input resistance of 50 Ω or 75W, conversion to other units is possible. The units dBm, dBmV,
dBµV, dBµA, dBpW, V, A and W are directly convertible.
Remote command: CALC:UNIT:POW DBM
The RF ATTEN MANUAL softkey allows the attenuation to be entered irrespective of
the reference level.
The attenuation can be set in 10 dB steps between 0 and 70 dB.
Other entries will be rounded to the next higher integer value.
If the defined reference level cannot be set for the given RF attenuation, the reference level will be adjusted accordingly and the warning "Limit reached" will be output.
The 0 dB value can be entered only via the numeric keypad in order to protect the
input mixer against accidental overload.
Remote command: INP:ATT 40 DB
4.78 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 92
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Analyzer Mode
RF ATTEN
AUTO
MIXER
MIXER LOW
NOISE
REF LEVEL
POSITION
The RF ATTEN AUTO softkey sets the RF attenuation automatically as a function of
the selected reference level.
This ensures that the optimum RF attenuation desired by the user is always used.
RF ATTEN AUTO is the default setting.
Remote command: INP:ATT:AUTO ON
The MIXER softkey opens a submenu for defining the maximum mixer level attainable for the selected reference level.
The MIXER LOW NOISE softkey changes the operating point of the input mixer so
that (with the RF attenuation remaining the same) the inherent noise of the
R&S ESPI is reduced compared to the default setup.
• The function is not available for models 3 and 7.
• The modified operating point of the input mixer will be effective only if the start
frequency of the R&S ESPI is ≥3 GHz.
• In the default setting, the function is switched off.
Remote command: INP:ATT:AUTO:MODE LNO
The REF LEVEL POSITION softkey allows the reference level position to be
entered.
REF LEVEL
OFFSET
GRID
(ABS REL)
The setting range is from -200 to +200%, 0% corresponding to the lower and 100%
to the upper limit of the diagram.
Remote command: DISP:WIND:TRAC:RPOS 100PCT
The REF LEVEL OFFSET softkey allows the arithmetic level offset to be entered.
This offset is added to the measured level irrespective of the selected unit. The scaling of the y-axis is changed accordingly.
The setting range is ±200 dB in 0.1 dB steps.
Remote command: DISP:WIND:TRAC:RLEV:OFFS -10dB
Remote command:
The GRID (ABS REL) softkey switches between absolute and relative scaling of the
level axis.
GRID ABS is the default setting.
ABS The labelling of the level lines refers to the absolute value of the reference
level.
REL The upper line of the grid is always at 0 dB.
The scaling is in dB whereas the reference level is always in the set unit
(dBm, dBmV,..).
For setting RANGE LINEAR (linear scaling, labelling of axes in %) the softkey is not
displayed since the unit % itself implies a relative scale.
Remote command: DISP:WIND:TRAC:Y:MODE ABS
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.79
Page 93
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Analyzer Mode
RF INPUT
Ω 75Ω)
(50
The RF INPUT (50 Ω 75 Ω) softkey switches the input impedance of the instrument
between 50 Ω (= default setting) and 75 Ω.
The setting 75 Ω should be used if the input impedance (50 Ω) is transformed to 75
Ω using the corresponding adapter unit of type RAZ (= 25 Ω in series to the input
impedance of the R&S ESPI). The correction value used for the adoption is 1.76 dB
= 10 log (75Ω / 50Ω).
All levels specified in this operating manual refer to the default setting of the instrument (50 Ω).
Remote command: INP:IMP 50OHM
4.6.4 Setting the Bandwidths and Sweep Time – BW Key
The BW key calls a menu for setting the resolution bandwidth (RBW), video bandwidth (VBW) and sweep time (SWT) for the frequency sweep. The parameters may
be coupled dependent on the span (stop minus start frequency) or freely set by the
user. When working with a split screen display, the settings always refer to the active
window.
The R&S ESPI offers resolution bandwidths from 10 Hz to 3 MHz in 1, 3, 10 steps as
3 dB bandwidths; 200 Hz, 9 kHz and 120 kHz as 6 dB bandwidths; and 1 MHz as
impulse bandwidth.
Resolution bandwidths up to 120kHz are realized using digital bandpasses with
Gaussian characteristics. As far as the attenuation characteristic is concerned they
behave like analog filters but have a much higher measurement speed than comparable analog filters. This is due to the fact that the transient response can be compensated as a result of an accurately defined filter behavior.
Bandwidths above 120 kHz are realized using decoupled 4-circuit LC filters.
As an alternative to the analog filters, FFT filters are available for the bandwidths
between 1 Hz and 30 kHz. When working with bandwidths up to 30 kHz, the FFT
algorithm offers considerably higher measurement speeds with all the other settings
remaining the same. The reason is that with analog filters the sweep time required
for a particular span is proportional to (Span/RBW
however, the sweep time is proportional to (Span/RBW).
The video bandwidths are available in 1, 3, 10 steps between 1 Hz and 10 MHz.
They can be set in accordance with the resolution bandwidth.
The video filters serve for smoothing the displayed trace. Video bandwidths that are
small compared to the resolution bandwidth average out noise peaks and pulsed
signals, so that only the signal average is displayed. If pulsed signals are to be measured, it is recommended to use a video bandwidth that is large compared to the
resolution bandwidth (VBW ≥ 10 × RBW) for the amplitudes of pulses to be measured correctly.
For analog and digital filters, the R&S ESPI has overload reserves of different
magnitude above the reference level. Due to the LO breakthrough the overload
display OVLD responds with digital filters with RBW < 100 kHz, as soon as the
start frequency is selected < 6 × RBW; for RBW = 100 kHz as soon as the start frequency is below 3 MHz.
2
). When using the FFT algorithm,
4.80 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 94
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Analyzer Mode
BW
RES BW MANUAL
VIDEO BW MANUAL
SWEEPTIME MANUAL
RES BW AUTO
VIDEO BW AUTO
SWEEPTIME AUTO
COUPLING RATIO
DEFAULT COUPLING
FILTER TYPE
Side menu
VBW MODE (LIN LOG)
! RBW / VBW SINE [1/3]
RBW / VBW
PULSE [0.1]
RBW / VBW NOISE [10]
RBW / VBW MANUAL
SPAN / RBW AUTO [50]
SPAN / RBW MANUAL
RES BW
MANUAL
The BW key opens a menu for setting the resolution bandwidth, the video bandwidth,
the sweep time and their couplings.
The …BW AUTO softkeys are used to couple the functions. The coupling ratios are
selected by means of the COUPLING RATIO softkey.
The …BW MANUAL softkeys allow a parameter to be entered. This parameter is not
coupled to the other parameters.
With the …BW AUTO softkeys the resolution bandwidth, the video bandwidth and
the sweep time can be entered separately for the frequency domain (span > 0 Hz)
and the time domain (span = 0 Hz).
But with …BW MANUAL softkeys the selected values apply to both the frequency
and time domain.
The RES BW MANUAL softkey activates the manual data entry for the resolution
bandwidth.
The resolution bandwidth can be selected in 1/3/10 steps in the range between 10
Hz and 10 MHz. The nominal resolution bandwidth is the 3 dB bandwidth. 200 Hz,
9 kHz and 120 kHz bandwidths are available as 6 dB bandwidths with filter type EMI
(6 dB). 1 MHz is available as impulse bandwidth.
When FFT filters are used, the lower limit of the bandwidth is 1 Hz. FFT filters may
be used with bandwidths up to 30 kHz.
For numeric inputs, the values are always rounded to the nearest possible bandwidth. For rotary knob or UP/DOWN key inputs, the bandwidth is adjusted in steps
either upwards or downwards.
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.81
Page 95
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Analyzer Mode
For filter type CHANNEL or RRC, the bandwidth is selected from the list of available
channel filters given in section “Filter Types” on page 4.85.
For data entry, the cursor keys Uu and Ud scroll through this list.
The manual input mode of the resolution bandwidth is indicated by a green asterisk
(*) on the display.
Remote command: BAND:AUTO OFF;
BAND 1MHz
VIDEO BW
MANUAL
SWEEPTIME
MANUAL
The VIDEO BW MANUAL softkey activates the manual data entry for the video
bandwidth.
The video bandwidth can be selected in 1/3/10 steps in the range between 1 Hz and
10 MHz.
For numeric inputs, the values are always rounded to the nearest possible allowed
bandwidth. For rotary knob or UP/DOWN key inputs, the bandwidth is adjusted in
steps either downwards or upwards.
The manual input mode of the video bandwidth is indicated by a green asterisk (*)
on the display.
Remote command: BAND:VID:AUTO OFF;
BAND:VID 10 kHz
The SWEEPTIME MANUAL softkey activates the manual data entry for the sweep
time. At the same time, the coupling of the sweep time is cancelled. Other couplings
(VIDEO BW, RES BW) remain effective.
In the frequency domain (span > 0 Hz) and for resolution bandwidths above 1 kHz,
the allowed sweep times for spans > 3.2 kHz range from 2.5 ms through to 16000 s.
With spans below 3.2 kHz, the maximum allowed sweep time is reduced to 5 s *
span/Hz.
If FFT filters are used, the sweep time is fixed by the span and the bandwidth and
therefore cannot be set.
In time domain (span = 0 Hz), the range of sweep times is 1 µs to 16000 s is selectable in steps of max. 5% of the sweep time. For numeric inputs, rounding is made to
the nearest possible sweep time. For rotary knob or UP/DOWN key inputs, the
sweep time is adjusted in steps either downwards or upwards.
The manual input mode of the sweep time is indicated by a green asterisk (*) on the
display. If the selected sweep time is too short for the selected bandwidth and span,
level measurement errors will occur. This happens because the available settling
time for the resolution or video filters is too short. In this case, the R&S ESPI outputs
UNCAL on the display and marks the indicated sweep time with a red asterisk (*).
Remote command: SWE:TIME:AUTO OFF;
SWE:TIME 10s
RES BW AUTO
4.82 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
The RES BW AUTO softkey couples the resolution bandwidth to the selected span.
Changing the span causes automatic adjustment of the resolution bandwidth.
Automatic coupling of resolution bandwidth to span is always recommended when a
favorable setting of the resolution bandwidth in relation to the selected span is
desired for the measurement under request.
The coupling ratio is set in the COUPLING RATIO submenu.
Page 96
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Analyzer Mode
The RES BW AUTO softkey is only available in the frequency domain (span > 0 Hz).
The softkey is deactive in the time domain.
Remote command: BAND:AUTO ON
VIDEO BW
AUTO
SWEEPTIME
AUTO
The VIDEO BW AUTO softkey couples the video bandwidth to the resolution bandwidth. If the resolution bandwidth is changed, the video bandwidth is automatically
adjusted.
The coupling of the video bandwidth is always recommended when the minimum
sweep time is required for a selected resolution bandwidth. Narrower video bandwidths require longer sweep times due to the longer settling time. Wider bandwidths
reduce the signal/noise ratio.
The coupling ratio is set in the COUPLING RATIO submenu.
The coupling of the video bandwidth to the resolution filter is also permitted for the
time domain display (span = 0).
Remote command: BAND:VID:AUTO ON
The SWEEPTIME AUTO softkey couples the sweep time to the span, video bandwidth (VBW) and resolution bandwidth (RBW). The sweep time is automatically
adjusted on any change in span, resolution bandwidth or video bandwidth.
The softkey is only available in the frequency domain (span >0 Hz). It is blanked in
the time domain.
The R&S ESPI always selects the shortest sweep time possible without falsifying
the signal. The maximum level error compared to using a longer sweep time is
< 0.1 dB. If additional bandwidth and level errors are to be avoided, the sweep time
is to be set to three times the time offered in coupled mode.
The frequency scan rates required when using the quasipeak detector are defined in
Annex B in CISPR 16-2-x:
Band A Band B Band C/D
Frequency range < 150 kHz 150 kHz to 30 MHz > 30 MHz
IF bandwidth 200 Hz 9 kHz 120 kHz
Frequency scan rate 20 s/kHz 200 s/MHz 20 s/MHz
The SWEEPTIME AUTO function is designed for detectors like sample, max peak or
average. For sweeping with the quasipeak detector a manual setting of the sweep
time should be used at any time.
Remote command: SWE:TIME:AUTO ON
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.83
Page 97
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Analyzer Mode
COUPLING
RATIO
The COUPLING RATIO softkey opens a submenu for selection of the coupling ratios.
RBW / VBW SINE [1/3]
RBW / VBW PULSE [0.1]
RBW / VBW NOISE [10]
RBW / VBW MANUAL
SPAN / RBW AUTO [50]
SPAN / RBW MANUAL
When the default setting is active, i.e. the COUPLING RATIO softkey is deactivated
(not highlighted), the ratio span/resolution bandwidth (SPAN/RBW) is 50 (this corresponds to SPAN / RBW AUTO [50]) and the ratio resolution bandwidth/video bandwidth (RBW/VBW) is 0.33 (this corresponds to RBW / VBW SINE [1/3]).
If the ratio RBW/VBW or SPAN/RBW is different from the default setting, the COU-
PLING RATIO softkey is highlighted.
The softkeys RBW/VBW... are selection keys. Only one softkey can be enabled at
any one time. The softkeys are only effective for the VBW AUTO selection in the
main menu.
The softkeys SPAN/RBW... are also selection keys. They are only effective for the
RBW AUTO selection in the main menu.
RBW / VBW
SINE [1/3]
RBW / VBW
PULSE [0.1]
RBW / VBW
NOISE [10]
The RBW | VBW SINE [1/3] softkey sets the following coupling ratio:
video bandwidth = 3 × resolution bandwidth.
This is the default setting for the coupling ratio resolution bandwidth/video bandwidth.
This is the coupling ratio recommended if sinusoidal signals are to be measured.
Remote command: BAND:VID:RAT 3
This setting is only effective for the VBW AUTO selection in the main menu.
The RBW | VBW PULSE [0.1] softkey sets the following coupling ratio:
video bandwidth = 10 × resolution bandwidth or
video bandwidth = 10 MHz (= max. VBW).
This coupling ratio is recommended whenever the amplitudes of pulsed signals are
to be measured correctly. The IF filter is exclusively responsible for pulse shaping.
No additional evaluation is performed by the video filter.
Remote command: BAND:VID:RAT 10
This setting is only effective for the VBW AUTO selection in the main menu.
The RBW/VBW NOISE [10] softkey sets the following coupling ratio:
video bandwidth = resolution bandwidth/10
At this coupling ratio, noise and pulsed signals are suppressed in the video domain.
For noise signals, the average value is displayed.
Remote command: BAND:VID:RAT 0.1
This setting is only effective for the VBW AUTO selection in the main menu.
4.84 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 98
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Analyzer Mode
RBW / VBW
MANUAL
SPAN / RBW
AUTO [50]
SPAN / RBW
MANUAL
The RBW/VBW MANUAL softkey activates the manual input of the coupling ratio.
The resolution bandwidth/video bandwidth ratio can be set in the range 0.001 to
1000.
Remote command: BAND:VID:RAT 10
This setting is only effective for the VBW AUTO selection in the main menu.
The SPAN/RBW AUTO [50] softkey sets the following coupling ratio:
resolution bandwidth = span/50
This coupling ratio is the default setting of the R&S ESPI
Remote command: BAND:RAT 0.02
This setting is only effective for the RBW AUTO selection in the main menu.
The SPAN/RBW MANUAL softkey activates the manual input of the coupling ratio.
The span / resolution bandwidth ratio can be set in the range
1 to 10000.
Remote command: BAND:RAT 0.1
This setting is only effective for the RBW AUTO selection in the main menu.
DEFAULT
COUPLING
FILTER TYPE
4.6.4.1 Filter Types
The DEFAULT COUPLING softkey sets all coupled functions to the default state
(AUTO). In addition, the ratio RBW/VBW is set to SINE [1/3] and the ratio SPAN/
RBW to 50 in the COUPLING RATIO submenu (default setting, COUPLING RATIO
softkey not highlighted).
Remote command: BAND:AUTO ON
BAND:VID:AUTO ON
SWE:TIME:AUTO ON
The FILTER TYPE softkey opens the selection list for different filter types. In the
range up to 30 kHz digital band filters with Gaussian characteristic and filtering with
FFT algorithm can be selected.
• NORMAL (3dB): The resolution bandwidths are implemented by Gaussian filters
with the set 3 dB bandwidth and correspond approximately to the noise
bandwidth. For bandwidths up to 100 kHz, digital bandpass filters are used.
• EMI (6dB): The resolution bandwidths are implemented by Gaussian filters with
the set 6 dB bandwidth and correspond approximately to the pulse bandwidth. For
bandwidths up to 1 MHz, digital bandpass filters are used.
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.85
Page 99
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Analyzer Mode
• FFT: An FFT is performed. For that purpose, the filtered IF signal is digitized and
then transformed into the spectral domain via FFT. The transformation range
depends on the selected filter bandwidths and can be set between 4 kHz to 50
kHz. If the span is larger than the transformation range, several transformations
are performed and the results are appended to each other in the spectral domain.
If the span is smaller than the transformation range, the measurement results are
interpolated when the number of measurement points provided by the FFT is
smaller than the number of display points in x-direction (501). A flattop window
serves as a window in the time domain so that high amplitude precision with good
selection is achieved.
Compared to bandpasses, FFT filters lead to significantly reduced sweep times.
For a span of 50 kHz and a bandwidth of 100 Hz, for instance, the sweep time is
reduced from 5 s to 40 ms. FFT filters are particularly suitable for stationary
signals (sinusoidal signals or signals that are continuously modulated in time). For
burst signals (TDMA) or pulsed signals, normal filters are preferable.
As soon as the FFT filters are active (RBW ≤ 30 kHz) the sweep time display field
(SWT) is replaced by the acquisition time (AQT) display field.
FFT is a block transformation so the result depends on the time relation between
the data set to be transformed and the burst or pulsed signal. A gated sweep measurement for TDMA signals is therefore not provided if FFT filters are used.
When the tracking generator (option R&S FSP-B9) is used as signal source for the
DUT, filtering with the FFT algorithm is not useful. The selection FFT is thus not
available if the tracking generator is switched on.
Additionally, a number of especially steep-edged channel filters are available for
power measurement.
• CHANNEL = general, steep-edged channel filters
• RRC = filters with root-raised cosine characteristic
(RRC = Root Raised Cosine)
When selecting these filter types, the automatic coupling of the resolution bandwidth
to the span is not available. The filters are selected via the RES BW softkey.
A list of all available channel filters with their associated applications can be found at
the end of this section.
Remote command: SENS:BAND:RES:TYPE NORM | FFT | CFIL | RRC
| NOISe | PULSe
4.6.4.2 List of Available Channel Filters
The channel filters included in the following table can be activated via the FILTER
TYPE softkey and are then available as resolution filters (softkey RES BW)
For filters of type RRC (Root Raised Cosine), the filter bandwidth indicated
describes the sampling rate of the filter.
For all other filters (CFILter) the filter bandwidth is the 3 dB bandwidth.
4.86 Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02
Page 100
R&S ESPI Instrument Functions
Analyzer Mode
Filter Bandwidth Filter Type Application
100 Hz
200 Hz
300 Hz
500 Hz
1 kHz
3 kHz
3.4 kHz
4 kHz
7.5 kHz
8.5 kHz
10 kHz
12.5 kHz
14 kHz
16 kHz
18 kHz, α=0.35
21 kHz
24.3 kHz, α=0.35
30 kHz
100 kHz
150 kHz
192 kHz
300 kHz
500 kHz
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
RRC
CFILter
RRC
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
A0
DAB, Satellite
ETS300 113 (12.5 kHz channels)
CDMAone
ETS300 113 (20 kHz channels)
ETS300 113 (25 kHz channels)
TETRA
PDC
IS 136
CDPD, CDMAone
FM Radio
J.83 (8-VSB DVB, USA)
VBW MODE
(LIN LOG)
1.0 MHz
1.2288 MHz
1.5 MHz
CFILter
CFILter
CFILter
CDMAone
CDMAone
DAB
The VBW MODE (LIN LOG) softkey determines the position of the video filter in the
signal path for resolution bandwidths ≤ 100 kHz:
• If LINear is selected, the video filter will be in front of the logarithmic amplifier
(default).
• If LOGarithmic is selected, the video filter will be behind the logarithmic amplifier.
The essential difference between the two operating modes relates to the settling in
case of falling signal edges:
With LINear, the falling signal edge will be "flatter" than with LOGarithmic.
This is due to the conversion from linear power to logarithmic level units: a reduction
of the linear power by 50% reduces the logarithmic signal level by only 3 dB.
This is important for EMI measurements above 1 GHz. Below 1 GHz, CISPR 16-1-1
defines the linear average detector only. Above 1 GHz both, the linear and the logarithmic average detector may be specified in product standards. Some standards
(e.g. ANSI C63.4:2000) require the linear average detector, whereas microwave
oven measurements may be made with the log average detector. CISPR 11 specifies weighted measurements with a VBW of 10 Hz.
Operating Manual 1164.6607.12 - 02 4.87
Loading...