Robert Bosch FM4 Users Manual

SATELLINE-3AS

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User Guide, Version 2.0

IMPORTANT NOTICE

All rights to this manual are owned solely by SATEL OY (later called also SATEL). All rights
reserved. The copying of this manual without the written permission from the owner of the rights
by printing, copying, recording or by any other means or the full or partial translation of the
manual to any other language including all programming languages using any electrical,
mechanical, magnetic, optical, manual or other methods or devices is forbidden.

SATEL reserves the right to change the technical specifications or functions of its products or to
discontinue the manufacture of any of its products or to discontinue the support of any of its
products without any written announcement and urges its customers to ensure, that the
information at their disposal is valid.

SATEL software and programs are delivered ”as is”. The manufacturer does not grant any kind
of warranty including guarantees on saleability and guarantees pertaining to applicability to a
certain application. Under no circumstances is the manufacturer or the developer of a program
responsible for any possible damages caused by the use of a program. The names of the
programs as well as all copyrights relating to the programs are the sole property of SATEL. Any
transfer, licensing to a third party, leasing, renting, transportation, copying, editing, translating,
modifying into another programming language or reverse engineering for any intent is forbidden
without the written consent of SATEL.

SATEL PRODUCTS HAVE NOT BEEN DESIGNED, INTENDED NOR INSPECTED TO BE USEDSATEL PRODUCTS HAVE NOT BEEN DESIGNED, INTENDED NOR INSPECTED TO BE USED
IN ANY LIFE SUPPORT RELATED DEVICE OR SYSTEM RELATED FUNCTION NOR AS A PARTIN ANY LIFE SUPPORT RELATED DEVICE OR SYSTEM RELATED FUNCTION NOR AS A PART
OF ANY OTHER CRITICAL SYSTEM AND ARE GRANTED NO FUNCTIONAL WARRANTY IFOF ANY OTHER CRITICAL SYSTEM AND ARE GRANTED NO FUNCTIONAL WARRANTY IF
THEY ARE USED IN ANY OF THE APPLICATIONS MENTIONED.THEY ARE USED IN ANY OF THE APPLICATIONS MENTIONED.

Salo, FINLAND 2000

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RESTRICTIONS ON USE

SATELLINE-3AS (d) radio modems have been designed to operate on frequency ranges, the
exact use of which differs from one region and/or country to another. The user of a radio
modem must take care that the said device is not operated without the permission of the local
authorities on frequencies other than those specifically reserved and intended for use without a
specific permit. For this reason, the notice mark has been attached to the radio modem.

The model SATELLINE-3AS(d) 869 MHz is designed to operate on the licence free frequency
band of 869.400 – 869.650 MHz according to recommendation CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03. This
recommendation has been drawn up by the European Radiocommunications Committee (ERC)
under CEPT. The transmit/receive duty cycle of the individual unit is limited to 10% on this band,
and a single transmission period must not exceed 36 s. In addition, the maximum allowed
radiated output power is 500 mW

ERP

.

WARNING!WARNING! Users of SATELLINE-3AS (d) radio modem in North America should be aware, that
due to the allocation of the frequency band 406.0 – 406.1 MHz for government use only, the
use of radio modem on this frequency band without a proper permit is strictly forbidden.

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User Guide, Version 2.0

WARRANTY AND SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

Read these safety instructions carefully before using the product:

• Warranty will be void, if the product is used in any way, which is in contradiction with the

instructions given in this manual, or if the housing of the radio modem has been opened or
tampered with.

• The radio modem is to be used only on frequencies allocated by local authorities and

without exceeding the given maximum allowed output power ratings. SATEL is not
responsible, if any products manufactured by it are used in unlawful ways.

• The devices mentioned in this manual are to be used only according to the instructions

described in this manual. Faultless and safe operation of the devices can be guaranteed only
if the transport, storage, operation and handling of the devices is appropriate. This also
applies to the maintenance of the products.

• To prevent damage both the radio modem and any terminal devices must always be

switched OFF before connecting or disconnecting the serial connection cable. It should be
ascertained that different devices used have the same ground potential. Before connecting
any power cables the output voltage of the power supply should be checked.

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User Guide, Version 2.0

TABLE OF CONTENTS

IMPORTNT NOTICE............................................................................................. 1

RESTRICTIONS ON USE.......................................................................................2

WARRANTY AND SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS ...........................................................3

TABLE OF CONTENTS.......................................................................................... 4

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 8

1 SATELLINE-3AS AND SATELLINE-3ASD RADIO DATA MODEMS................. 10

1.1 SATELLINE-3AS Technical specifications (380...470 MHz)....................... 10

1.2 SATELLINE-3AS Technical specifications (869 MHz) ............................... 11

1.3 SATELLINE-3ASd EPIC Technical specifications (400...470 Mhz) ............. 12

1.4 Basic configuration and installation...................................................... 13

1.4.1 Basic configuration............................................................................................ 13

2 CONNECTIONS......................................................................................... 15

2.1 D15-connector functions........................................................................ 15

2.1.1 Pin configuration ............................................................................................... 16

2.1.2 RS-232 -Interface .............................................................................................. 17

2.1.3 RS-422 -Interface .............................................................................................. 18

2.1.4 RS-485 -Interface .............................................................................................. 19

2.1.5 Termination....................................................................................................... 19

2.2 RF Interface ........................................................................................... 19

2.2.1 Transmitter........................................................................................................ 20

2.2.2 Receiver............................................................................................................ 21

2.2.3 RSSI-signal........................................................................................................ 21

2.2.4 Error correction ................................................................................................. 22

2.2.5 Error checking................................................................................................... 22

3 USER INTERFACE....................................................................................... 23

3.1 LED-indicators ....................................................................................... 23

3.2 Configuration mode............................................................................... 23

3.2.1 Changing the settings........................................................................................ 24

3.2.2 Restoring factory settings.................................................................................... 25

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3.3 Display and push buttons (SATELLINE-3ASd)......................................... 25

4 TRANSPARENT DATA TRANSMISSION....................................................... 27

4.1 RS-Interface, data format...................................................................... 27

4.2 Handshake lines ................................................................................... 28

4.2.1 CTS-line............................................................................................................ 28

4.2.2 CD-line............................................................................................................. 28

4.2.3 RTS-line ............................................................................................................ 29

4.3 Timing and delays during data transmission ........................................ 29

4.3.1 Data buffering in the radio data modem............................................................. 29

4.3.2 Optional start delay in transmit mode................................................................. 30

4.4 Tests …………………………………………………………………………………….30

5 REPEATER MODE AND ADDRESSESING..................................................... 31

5.1 Repeater................................................................................................ 31

5.2 Addressing ............................................................................................ 32

5.2.1 Connection between two points.......................................................................... 34

5.2.2 System of one base station and several substations .............................................34

5.3 Using repeaters and addresses in the same system.............................. 35

5.3.1 System with several repeaters ............................................................................. 35

5.3.2 Repeater chain using address pairs .................................................................... 36

5.3.3 Repeater chain using dual addressing ................................................................ 37

6 MESSAGE ROUTING ................................................................................. 38

6.1 Introduction........................................................................................... 38

6.1.1 Advantages of routing........................................................................................ 38

6.1.2 SaTerm (brief description) .................................................................................. 39

6.2 Operating modes of message routing................................................... 39

6.2.1 Source mode .................................................................................................... 40

6.2.2 Virtual mode ..................................................................................................... 40

6.2.3 Protocol configuration ....................................................................................... 40

6.3 Detailed description of routing operation ............................................. 41

6.3.1 Source mode .................................................................................................... 41

6.3.2 Virtual mode ..................................................................................................... 42

6.3.3 Overhop function in Source mode...................................................................... 43

6.3.4 Network ID ....................................................................................................... 44

6.4 Example of expanding the network coverage by using message routing
…………………………………………………………………………………………….45

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6.4.1 Designing the network using SaTerm .................................................................. 45

6.4.2 Adding a mobile station..................................................................................... 47

6.4.3 Transferring the settings to radio data modems .................................................. 47

7 DIVERSITY RECEIVER (ONLY SATELLINE-3AS EPIC) .................................... 48

7.1 Multipath fading.................................................................................... 48

7.2 Antenna installation.............................................................................. 49

8 SETTINGS .................................................................................................50

8.1 Changing parameters using a terminal device ..................................... 50

8.1.1 Changing frequency (active radio channel frequency).......................................... 50

8.1.2 Changing radio settings (transmitter output power and receiver sensitivity)............ 52

8.1.3 Changing addressing settings (primary and secondary RX- and TX-addresses)....... 53

8.1.4 Changing serial port settings (Port 1Port 1 and Port 2Port 2) ................................................. 55

8.1.5 Modification of handshaking functions ............................................................... 58

8.1.6 Special functions ............................................................................................... 59

8.1.7 Modification of routing ...................................................................................... 60

8.1.8 Activating tests................................................................................................... 64

8.1.10 Saving modified settings into the permanent memory .......................................... 64

8.2 Changing parameters using the LCD-display ........................................ 65

8.2.1 Changing frequency (frequency of the active radio channel) ................................ 66

8.2.2 Changing radio settings (transmitter output power and receiver sensitivity)............ 68

8.2.3 Changing addressing ........................................................................................ 69

8.2.4 Changing serial port settings (Port 1Port 1 and Port 2Port 2) ................................................. 70

8.2.5 Modification of handshaking functions ............................................................... 71

8.2.6 Selecting special functions .................................................................................72

8.2.7 Activating tests................................................................................................... 72

8.2.8 Restoring factory settings.................................................................................... 73

8.2.9 Adjusting the contrast of the LCD-display............................................................ 73

8.2.10 Saving modified values into the internal memory................................................. 74

8.3 Changing parameters using the SL-COMMANDS ..................................74

8.3.1 Frequency......................................................................................................... 75

8.3.2 Addressing........................................................................................................ 75

8.3.3 Other functions ................................................................................................. 76

8.3.4 SATELLINE-2ASx/2ASxE –compatible SL-commands............................................ 76

9 INSTALLATION ......................................................................................... 77

9.1 Installation of a Radio Data Modem...................................................... 77

9.2 Connection cables.................................................................................. 78

9.2.1 RS-232 -wiring.................................................................................................. 78

9.2.2 RS-422 -wiring.................................................................................................. 80

9.2.3 RS-485 wiring ................................................................................................... 81

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9.2.4 Power supply..................................................................................................... 81

9.3 Antenna installation.............................................................................. 82

9.3.1 Hand-held equipment........................................................................................ 82

9.3.2 Mobile equipment ............................................................................................. 82

9.3.3 Base stations..................................................................................................... 82

9.3.4 General antenna installation instructions................................................................... 83

10 DESIGNING SYSTEMS ............................................................................... 86

10.1 Factors affecting the quality and distance of the radio connection........ 86

10.2 Radio field strength............................................................................... 87

10.3 Remarks concerning the 869 MHz frequency band ............................... 87

11 CHECK LIST............................................................................................... 88

12 ACCESSORIES............................................................................................ 89

12.1 RS-232-cables and adapters ................................................................. 89

12.2 RS-485/422-cables and adapters.......................................................... 89

12.3 RF-cables............................................................................................... 89

12.4 Antennas ............................................................................................... 90

12.5 Filters ....................................................................................................90

12.6 Power supplies ...................................................................................... 90

12.7 Batteries................................................................................................ 90

13 APPENDIX A ............................................................................................. 91

14 APPENDIX B ............................................................................................. 92

14.1 Functional delays................................................................................... 92

14.2 Transmission related delays.................................................................. 92

14.2.1 Transmission delays when using a 12,5 kHz radio channel.................................. 93

14.2.2 Transmission delays using a 25 kHz radio channel.............................................. 95

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INTRODUCTION

SATEL OY is a Finnish electronics and Telecommunications Company specialised in the design
and manufacture of wireless data communication products. SATEL designs, manufactures and
sells radio modems intended for use in applications ranging from data transfer to alarm relaying
systems. End users of SATEL products are the industry, public organisations and private persons.

SATEL is the leading European manufacturer of radio modems. SATEL radio modems have been
certified in most European countries and also in many non-European countries.

The amount of data transferred using local area networks is increasing constantly. On the other
hand also the average size of a local area network is growing. SATEL has addressed these
market requirements by introducing the SATELLINE-3AS radio modem family, which is the first
SATEL manufactured radio modem to reach the wireless data transfer speed of 19,2 kbps. The
speed of the RS-interface is selectable between 300 … 38 400 bps.

In addition to increased data transfer speed the SATELLINE-3AS offers the user also other new
features. For the first time, built-in support is included for RS-422- and RS-485 -interfaces in
addition to the RS-232 -interface.

SATELLINE-3AS radio modem is also available as a model called the SATELLINE-3ASd, which
includes a built-in LCD-display. The display offers the user new features, e.g. field
programmability without a terminal device using a special mode (SET-UP-mode). The display
may also be used as an aid in testing the radio connection between radio modems.

SATELLINE-3AS facilitates the construction of large radio networks using the built-in routing function.
Routing is fully transparent to the user and can be used with most system protocols.

SATELLINE-3AS also offers the possibility to use an error correction function, which utilises the FEC­method (Forward Error Correction). FEC can be used to minimise errors caused by noisy channels.

SATELLINE-3AS radio modem has three (3) basic modes of operation: Data Transfer Mode,
Configuration Mode and Test Mode. The SATELLINE-3AS configuration settings are changed
using a PC as a terminal device via the RS-Interface. In the model with the built-in LCD-display
(SATELLINE-3ASd) the changing and programming of configuration settings can also be
performed without a PC using the built-in LCD-display and four (4) pushbuttons. In addition to
allowing easy configuration of settings, the LCD-display is useful for checking the integrity of the
radio connection.

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• SATELLINE-3AS radio modem largest data transfer speed is 19,2 kbps, channel spacing

selectable as 25 kHz or 12,5 kHz (defined at the time of ordering).

• SATELLINE-3AS radio modem is compatible with RS-232, RS-422 and RS-485 –interface

standards.

• SATELLINE-3ASd radio modem has a built-in LCD-display, which facilitates the changing of

settings without the need for an external terminal device (typically a PC).

• SATELLINE-3AS radio modem software includes a special routing function, which simplifies

the construction of large networks.

• SATELLINE-3AS/(d) radio modem software can be updated easily directly through the RS-

Interface of a PC.

• SATELLINE-3AS radio modem software contains an optional error correction routine (FEC),

which improves the reliability of the radio interface under interference conditions.

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1 SATELLINE-3AS AND SATELLINE-3ASD RADIO DATA MODEMS

1.1 SATELLINE-3AS Technical specifications (380...470 MHz)

SATELLINE-3AS and SATELLINE-3ASd (380…470 MHz) comply with the following international
standards: ETS 300 113 and EN 300 220-1 (radio requirements) and ETS 300 279 and ETS
300 683 (EMC-requirements).

RADIO TRANSCEIVER
Frequency Range
Channel Spacing
Number of Channels
Frequency Stability
Type of Emission
Communication Mode

RADIO TRANSMITTER
Carrier Power
Carrier Power Stability
Adjacent Channel Power
Spurious Radiation’s

380...470 MHz
12,5 kHz/25 kHz
160/80
< ± 1,5 kHz
F1D
Half-Duplex

10 mW...1 W / 50 Ω
+ 2 dB / - 3 dB
according to EN 300 220-1/ETS 300 113
according to EN 300 220-1/ETS 300 113

RADIO RECEIVER
Sensitivity
Common Channel Rejection
Adjacent Channel Selectivity
Intermodulation Attenuation
Spurious Radiation’s

MODEM
Interface
Interface Connector
Data speed of RS-Interface
Data speed of Radio Interface

Data format

GENERAL
Operating Voltage
Power Consumption (average)

Operating Temperature Range
Antenna Connector
Housing
Size H x W x D
Installation Plate
Weight

- 116... –110 dBm (BER < 10 E-3) *
> - 12 dB
> 60 dB @ 12,5 kHz, > 70 dB @ 25 kHz
> 65 dB
< 2 nW

RS-232 or RS-485, RS-422
D15, female
300 – 38400 bps
19200 bps (25 kHz channel)
9600 bps (12,5 kHz channel)
Asynchronous RS-232 or RS-422 or RS-485

+ 9 ...+ 30 V

1.7 VA (Receive)

5.5 VA (Transmit)

0.05 VA (in STAND-BY –mode)

-25 °C...+55 °C
TNC, 50 Ω, female
Aluminium enclosure
137 x 67 x 29 mm
130 x 63 x 1 mm
250 g

DC

* Depending on Receiver settings, see Chapters 2.2.2, 8.1.2 and 8.2.2.

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1.2 SATELLINE-3AS Technical specifications (869 MHz)

SATELLINE-3AS and SATELLINE-3ASd (869 MHz) comply with the following international
standards: EN 300 220-1 (radio requirements) and ETS 300 683 (EMC-requirements).

RADIO TRANSCEIVER
Frequency Range
Channel Spacing
Number of Channels
Frequency Stability
Type of Emission
Communication Mode

RADIO TRANSMITTER
Carrier Power
Carrier Power Stability
Adjacent Channel Power
Spurious Radiation’s

869,400 ... 869,650 MHz
25 kHz
10
< ± 2,5 kHz
F1D
Half-Duplex

10 mW...500 mW / 50 Ω
+ 2 dB / - 3 dB
according to EN 300 220-1
according to EN 300 220-1

RADIO RECEIVER
Sensitivity
Common Channel Rejection
Adjacent Channel Selectivity
Intermodulation Attenuation
Spurious Radiation’s

MODEM
Interface
Interface Connector
Data speed of RS-Interface
Data speed of Radio Interface

Data format

GENERAL
Operating Voltage
Power Consumption (average)

Operating Temperature Range
Antenna Connector
Housing
Size H x W x D
Installation Plate
Weight

-113... -110 dBm (BER < 10 E-3) *
> - 12 dB
> 60 dB
> 60 dB
< 2 nW

RS-232 or RS-485, RS-422
D15, female
300 – 38400 bps
19200 bps (25 kHz channel)
9600 bps (12,5 kHz channel)
Asynchronous RS-232 or RS-422 or RS-485

+ 9 ...+ 30 V

1.7 VA (Receive)

4.0 VA (Transmit)

0.05 VA (in STAND-BY –mode)

-25 °C...+55 °C
TNC, 50 Ω, female
Aluminium enclosure
137 x 67 x 29 mm
130 x 63 x 1 mm
250 g

DC

* Depending on Receiver settings, see Chapters 2.2.2, 8.1.2 and 8.2.2.

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1.3 SATELLINE-3ASd EPIC Technical specifications (400...470 MHz)

SATELLINE-3ASd EPIC (400…470 MHz) complies with the following international standards:
ETS 300 113 (radio requirements) and ETS 300 279 (EMC-requirements).

RADIO TRANSCEIVER
Frequency Range
Channel Spacing
Number of Channels
Frequency Stability
Type of Emission
Communication Mode

RADIO TRANSMITTER
Carrier Power
Carrier Power Stability
Adjacent Channel Power
Spurious Radiation’s

400...470 MHz
12,5 kHz/25 kHz
160/80
< ± 1,5 kHz
F1D
Half-Duplex

1W...10 W / 50 Ω
+ 2 dB / - 3 dB
according to ETS 300 113
according to ETS 300 113

RADIO RECEIVER
Sensitivity
Common Channel Rejection
Adjacent Channel Selectivity
Intermodulation Attenuation
Spurious Radiation’s
Diversity

MODEM
Interface
Interface Connector
Data speed of RS-Interface
Data speed of Radio Interface

Data format

GENERAL
Operating Voltage
Power Consumption (average)

Operating Temperature Range
Antenna Connector
Housing
Size H x W x D
Weight

- 116... -110 dBm (BER < 10 E-3) *
> - 12 dB
> 60 dB @ 12,5 kHz, > 70 dB @ 25 kHz
> 65 dB
< 2 nW
Positional diversity

RS-232 or RS-485, RS-422
D15, female
300 – 38400 bps
19200 bps (25 kHz channel)
9600 bps (12,5 kHz channel)
Asynchronous RS-232 or RS-422 or RS-485

+10...+30 V
3 VA (Receive)
25 VA (Transmit)

0.1 VA (in STAND-BY –mode)

-25 °C...+55 °C
TNC, 50 Ω, female
Aluminium enclosure
151 x 123 x 29 mm
550 g (without additional cooling parts)

DC

* Depending on Receiver settings, see Chapters 2.2.2, 8.1.2 and 8.2.2.

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13

If the DTR-pin is not connected, the radio modem will remain in STAND-BY mode and will

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1.4 Basic configuration and installation

1.4.1 Basic configuration

The radio modem is shipped with the following default settings (unless specifically ordered with
settings other than those listed below):

FIXED SETTINGS DEFINED AT THE TIME OF ORDERFIXED SETTINGS DEFINED AT THE TIME OF ORDER

Radio Frequency Range According to Customer Order, between 380–470 MHz or 869.5 MHz (1)
Channel Spacing 12,5 kHz or 25 kHz (2)
RS-Interface Type RS-232 or RS-422 and RS-485

ADJUSTABLE SETTINGSADJUSTABLE SETTINGS

Radio Settings 500 mW (3) / -110 dBm (25 kHz) or -112 dBm (12,5 kHz)
Addressing RX Address OFF / TX Address OFF
Serial Port 1 ON / 19200 / 8 bit data / None / 1 stop bit (4)
Serial Port 2 OFF / 19200 / 8 bit data / None / 1 stop bit (4)
Handshaking CTS Clear to send / CD RSSI-threshold / RTS Ignored
Additional settings Error Correction OFF / Error check OFF / Repeater OFF / SL-Commands OFF
Routing OFF
Tests OFF
Message Routing OFF

(1) Taking into account the regulations set by local authorities.
(2) 869.5 MHz only available as 25 kHz version
(3) SATELLINE-3AS EPIC 10W
(4) At 12,5 kHz channel spacing the default data speed is 9600 bps.

Connect the power cables (+Vb and GND) to a power supply with an output voltage of 9 – 30
VDC and with a minimum output current of 1 A (in case of SATELLINE-3AS EPIC the minimum
output current or the power supply is 5A). Connect also the DTR–pin of the RS-connector to a
positive voltage. Detailed installation instructions can be found in Chapter 9.

therefore not send or receive any data.

When creating a test connection, you can use the SaTerm terminal program, available for free
from authorised SATEL dealers or directly from SATEL Customer Support. You can also use the
HyperTerminal-program, which is included in most the Windows™ based operating system
packages, or almost any other terminal program. Basic settings for the serial port of the host
computer when using a terminal program to communicate with SATEL radio modems are as
follows: ”COM1, 19200 bps, 8-bit data, none parity, 1 stop bit”. If the serial port designated as
COM1 in the host computer is reserved, any other free serial port in the host computer can be
used (with the settings listed).

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If you want to change the settings of a radio modem using the SET-UPmode of the radio

User Guide, Version 2.0

modem with the help of an external terminal, the terminal data speed must be 9600 bps.

Basic connection between a radio modem and the serial port COM1 (RS-232) of a PC is
depicted in the schematic below.

9-PIN D-CONN.

3

2

5

TD

RD

SGND

25-PIN D-CONN.

2

3

7

TD

RD

SGND

+Vb

GND

Fuse 630 mA slow

RADIO MODEM

TD

RD

SGND

DTR

+Vb

GND

11

9

7

1

14,15

7, 8

When using the SATELLINE-3AS EPIC model, the operating voltage must be connected to pins
14 AND 15, and the power supply ground to pins 7 AND 8, due to larger current consumption.
Fuse size is 4A (slow).

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2 CONNECTIONS

2.1 D15-connector functions

The radio modem is referred to as DCE (Data Communication Equipment) whereas the PC is
referred to as DTE (Data Terminal Equipment). SATELLINE-3AS radio modem includes a 15-pin
‘D’-type female connector, which contains all the connections required to establish
communication between the radio modem, acting as the DCE, and the PC, acting as the DTE.

All EMC-requirements set forth by authorities have been taken into account in the design of the
radio modem. The user of the radio modem is thereby not required to take any special actions
regarding EMC-shielding (of the radio modem).

The radio modem contains two separate RS-ports, which are designated Port 1Port 1 and Port 2Port 2. Only
one port at a time can be used for communication.

Port 1Port 1 complies always with the RS-232 –standard. Port 2Port 2 can comply either with the RS-232 or
RS-422 and RS-485 –standards. RS-422 and RS-485 differ only in the external connections.
Port 2Port 2 interface type (RS-232 or RS-485/422) is fixed at the factory at the time of manufacture
according to the customer order. It is not possible to change the interface type of port 2
afterwards.

WHEN THE MODE-PIN (PIN 12 OF THE D-CONNECTOR) IS CONNECTED TO
GROUND (CONFIGURATION MODE), THE RADIO MODEM IS IN THE SET-UP MODE
AND Port Port 11 (PINS 7,9,11) IS THEN IN USE! If you normally use PortPort 22 for data
transmission, the serial cable must be changed to a suitable type when switching over to
the configuration mode.

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2.1.1 Pin configuration

D-15 female connector in the radio modem

Direction ININ is data from DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) to the radio modem.
Direction OUTOUT is data from the radio modem to the DTE.

SATELLINE-3AS

PORT AND TYPE PIN DIRECTION NAME EXPLANATION
PORT1, both models 6 OUT CTS *

9 OUT RD1 Receive data (Port1)
11 IN TD1 Transmit data (Port1)
13 IN RTS *

PORT2 RS-232 –model 2 OUT CD *

3 OUT RD2 Receive data (Port2)
4 IN TD2 Transmit data (Port2)
5 OUT RSSI *

PORT2 RS-422/485 –

2 OUT A’ Receive data positive

model

3 OUT B’ Receive data negative
4 IN A Transmit data positive
5 IN B Transmit data negative

COMMON PINS 1 IN DTR ON (Vb) / STAND-BY (NC)

10 OUT DSR
12 IN MODE DATA (NC) / SETUP (GND)
7, 8 - GND Power Ground
14, 15 - V

b

Operating Voltage

*) Optional connections do not need to be connected in normal use.
*) Handshake signal connections remain the same irrespective of the port used (Port 1 or Port 2).
NC = Not Connected.

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Description of pins:Description of pins:

RD = RReceive DData. Output of the data received. Data from the radio modem to the DTE.

TD = TTransmit DData. Input of the data to be transmitted. Data from the DTE to the radio

modem.

CTS = CClear TTo SSend. See Chapter 4.2.1.

CD = CCarrier DDetect. See Chapter 4.2.2.

RTS = RRequest TTo SSend. See Chapter 4.2.3

DTR = DData TTerminal RReady. Terminal in operation. When the DTR-line is connected to a

positive voltage (e.g. to the operating voltage, Vb), the radio modem is ON, if not, the radio
modem is in the STAND-BY mode.

DSR = DData SSet RReady. Indicates that the radio modem is switched ON.

RSSI = RReceived SSignal SStrength IIndicator. Indicates the strength of the received signal. Can be

used to approximately determine the received signal strength. See Chapter 2.2.3.

MODE = operating mode. When the MODE-line is connected to ground (GND), the radio
modem enters the SET-UP mode (configuration mode). On the other hand, if the MODE-line is
not connected, the radio modem will enter the DATA TRANSFER MODE, in which data can be
transmitted and received. The configuration mode is used only when installing a radio modem
when changing the operating parameters of a network. Normally the radio modem is always in
the DATA TRANSFER MODE. See Chapter 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4.

GND = both the negative pole of the operating voltage and the signal ground.

Vb = positive pole of the operating voltage.

2.1.2 RS-232 -Interface

RS-232 –standard defines the method of serial data transfer between a computer and its
peripherals. The method definition includes both the interface type and signal levels. Most
computers and peripherals contain one or more RS-232 type serial ports. The RS-232 standard
uses transmission lines, in which each single signal line level is referenced, to a common ground
level. RS-232 has been designed to be used in serial transfer of data in cases where the distance
between communicating equipment is less than 15 m. The otherwise useful RS-232 standard is
unfortunately applied in a multitude of slightly differing ways (e.g. different pin configurations)
and for this reason different computers and peripherals are not necessarily directly compatible
with each other (see also Chapter 9.2.1 for more information on RS-232 –wiring).

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2.1.3 RS-422 -Interface

RS-422 –standard defines a serial data transfer method, which is very similar to the RS-232
standard. In RS-422 however, the signal lines are balanced (or differential) transmission lines. A
balanced (or differential) transmission line is formed by using two signal wires together to convey
each single signal. Because the state of the signal is defined by the mutual voltage difference
(hence the name differential), any common mode disturbances induced into the lines will cancel
out. The effect of different signals moving in the same cable will also be smaller than in the case
of the RS-232. Transmission distance can be considerably longer than when using RS-232 type
of connection, and distances of 1 km are possible. (See also Chapter 9.2.2 for more
information on RS-422 –wiring).

As an example, let’s examine the TX-signal: TX-signal will be transmitted using two lines (A and
B). A logical ”1” corresponds to a situation, where the voltage on line A is greater than the
voltage on line B. Correspondingly a logical ”0” corresponds to a situation, where the voltage
on line A is smaller than the voltage on line B.

T

R

Radio modem

B B'

RT 120

Ω

A A'
B' B

Ω

RT 120

A' A

Cable

Cable

R

T

Terminal

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2.1.4 RS-485 -Interface

RS-485 is an extension of the RS-422 standard and enables the connection of more than two
devices on to the same bus. Communication that is half-duplex, in which case the number of
cable pairs is only one compared to two when using the RS-422. The RS-485 standard defines
the electrical characteristics of the connections in such a way as to prevent possible data
contention states as well as cable shorts etc. from harming the devices themselves. (See also
Chapter 9.2.3 for more information on RS-485 -wiring).

T

R

Radio modem

B

A
B'

A'

Cable

RT 120 Ω

RT 120

Ω

Cable

B'

R

A'
B

T

A

Terminal

2.1.5 Termination

Each differential pair of wires is a transmission line. A transmission line must be terminated
properly to prevent or at least minimise harmful reflections formed between the transmitting and
receiving end of the transmission line. A common method of terminating an RS-485 type of
transmission line is to connect a so-called termination resistor between the wires and at both
ends of the transmission line. Even when there are more than two devices on the same
transmission line, the termination resistors are needed only at the ends of the transmission line.
The termination resistor must be selected so that its resistance matches the characteristic
impedance of the transmission line as close as possible (typical values range from 100 to 120
Ω). When using an RS-422 type of connection the termination resistor is connected only at each
of the receiving ends.

Termination resistors are especially important when using long transmission lines and/or high
data transfer speeds.

2.2 RF Interface

The antenna connector is of the TNC-type with impedance of 50 Ω. There are two antenna
connectors on Satelline-3AS Epic model. Transmitter and the other receiver is connected to the
left side connector, while the other receiver to the right.

When ordering the radio modem, a center frequency, to which the radio modem will be tuned
to at the factory, must be defined. The user can afterwards change the frequency of the radio

SATELLINE-3AS

20

NOTE!NOTE!

radio equipment in ways contradictory to local regulations and/or requirements and/or laws.

NOTE!NOTE!

User Guide, Version 2.0

modem by ±1 MHz from the center frequency (basic tuning range, taking into consideration all
local regulations set forth by the authorities).

The data speed of the radio interface depends on the chosen radio channel spacing. A channel
spacing of 25 kHz enables a data speed of 19200 bps and a channel spacing of 12,5 kHz
enables correspondingly a data speed of 9600 bps. The data speed of the radio interface is
always fixed (19200 bps or 9600 bps) irrespective of the data speed of the RS-Interface. If the
data speeds of the radio interface and the RS-Interface differ from each other, the radio modem
will buffer the data in transfer temporarily, so no data loss will occur. The radio channel spacing
is set at the factory and cannot be changed afterwards.

2.2.1 Transmitter

The output power of the transmitter is adjustable. The greatest allowable power depends on
limits set by local authorities, which must not be exceeded. The output power of the transmitter
should be set to the smallest possible level which still ensures error free connections under
variable conditions. Large output power levels using short connection distances can in the worst
case cause disturbances to the overall operation of the system.

OUTPUT POWER dBm 3AS 3AS 869 MHz 3AS EPIC
10 mW +10

20 mW +13
50 mW +17
100 mW +20
200 mW +23
500 mW +27
1 W +30
2 W +33
5 W +37
10 W +40

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

• •

•

•

•

Possible output power settings of the SATELLINE-3AS –line of radio modems.

Setting the radio data modem output power level to levels exceeding regulations set forth by
local authorities is strictly forbidden. The setting and/or using of non-approved power levels
may lead to prosecution. SATEL is not responsible for any illegal use of its radio equipment,
and is not responsible in any way of any claims or penalties arising from the operation of its

SATELLINE-3AS EPIC radio modem is shipped with two different cooling elements. If the
transmitter of the radio modem is to be ON full power over 20 % of the operating time,
additional cooling is required.

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21

RSSI-pin voltage level / V
Signal level / dBm

User Guide, Version 2.0

2.2.2 Receiver

The sensitivity of the receiver depends on the channel spacing of the radio modem (=data
speed of the radio interface) and on error correction mode according to the table below:

FEC OFF FEC ON

25 kHz -110 dBm -113 dBm
12,5 kHz -112 dBm -115 dBm

Effect of settings on the receiver sensitivity

The Signal Threshold Level setting of the receiver determines a level, above which the search for
the actual data transfer signal is active. It is usually recommendable to use a value given in the
table. If the Signal Threshold Level setting is set too low (the CD-LED is ON constantly), it is
possible that the receiver is trying to synchronise itself with noise, in which case the actual data
transmission might remain unnoticed. In the opposite case weak data transmissions will be
rejected, although they would be otherwise acceptable.

SATELLINE-3AS EPIC –radio modem contains two separate receivers, and a selection is made
between the signals received by these two receivers so that the stronger/better signal is used. By
this way the signal fading caused by multipath propagation will be smaller than in the case of
using just one antenna and receiver. The recommended distance between receiving antennas is
¾ wavelength, which at a frequency of 450 MHz corresponds to a distance of 50 cm.

2.2.3 RSSI-signal

RSSI-signal (RReceived SSignal SStrength IIndicator) (pin 5 of the D-type connector) gives an
indication of the strength of the received radio signal. This signal can be used to determine the
approximate signal level. The curve on the following page describes a typical relationship
between the received signal strength and the voltage at pin 5.

4,5

4

3,5

3

2,5

2

1,5

1

0,5

0

OFF -120 -118 -116 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30

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NOTE!NOTE!

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2.2.4 Error correction

SATELLINE-3AS includes the possibility to utilise an error correction method called the FEC­method (FForward EError CCorrection). FEC-function is switched ON (or OFF) by using the
configuration mode (SET-UP-mode). When activated, the FEC-function will cause the
SATELLINE-3AS to automatically add additional error correction information, which increases
the transmitted data by 30 %. It is used by the receiving radio modem to correct erroneous bits
as long as the ratio of correct and erroneous bits is reasonable.

Error correction improves the reliability of data transfer via the radio interface especially in
unfavourable conditions. FEC-function should be used when link distances are long and/or if
there are many disturbances in the radio channels used. The use of the FEC-function will
however decrease the data transfer throughput of the actual information data correspondingly
by about 30 %. For a listing of exact delays (throughput decrease) introduced by using FEC­function, see Chapters 14.1 and 14.2.

Switching the FEC-function ON in configuration mode (SET-UP-mode):

1) Error correction ON

All radio modems which are to communicate with each other must have the same setting for
FEC (ON or OFF). If the transmitting radio modem and the receiving radio modem have
different settings, data will not be received correctly.

2.2.5 Error checking

When the error checking is switched on, the radio modem will add a checksum to the
transmitted data. In the receiving radio modem, the checksums are first checked before the
actual data is allowed to be forwarded to the serial port. Erroneous data will be rejected.

Switching the Error checking ON in configuration mode (SET-UP-mode):

2) Error check ON

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3 USER INTERFACE

3.1 LED-indicators

There are five (5) LED-indicators on the front panel of the radio modem, and they give an
indication of the status of the RS-port and the radio interface:

LED Indication OFF Red Orange Green
RTS RTS-line status Inactive Active

CTS CTS-line status Inactive Active
TD TD-line status No data Data
RD RD-line status No data Data
CD Radio status No signal Transmission Noise Reception

Description of the LED-indicators:Description of the LED-indicators:

RTS indicates the status of D-connector pin 13.

CTS indicates the status of D-connector pin 6.

TD indicates that the radio modem is receiving data via RS-port.

RD indicates that the radio modem is sending data via RS-port.

CD indicates the status of the radio interface. The status of the CD-signal on the RS-interface

may differ from the status of the LED-indicator.

3.2 Configuration mode

SATELLINE-3AS radio modem settings are fully configurable in configuration mode (SET-UP­mode) by using a suitable terminal program. The most recommendable set-up is ARS-1F
connection cable adapter, CRS-9 cable, power supply and the SaTerm-terminal program. ARS­1F contains a switch to enable easy shifting into the configuration mode. Other suitable terminal
programs and cables may also be used.

The radio modem will shift into the configuration mode (SET-UP-mode) by connecting the D­connector pin 12 to ground (GND). When using the ARS-1F this can be accomplished by
moving the slide switch downwards. When using the configuration mode, the radio modem will
use serial port PORT1PORT1, with settings 9600 bps, N, 8,1 (data transfer speed 9600 bps, no parity,
length of 8 bits and 1 stopbit). For more detailed instructions for changing each setting, see
Chapter 8.1 and 8.2.

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3.2.1 Changing the settings

• Connect cables (RS-232 –cable to PC COM-port, power supply cable to power supply).

• Switch on the PC and start SaTerm program.

• Open a terminal window and select with the right mouse button a menu and choose ”Prog

Settings”.

• Connect PROG-pin to ground (if using the ARS-1F, slide the switch downwards), and the

LCD-display should look similar to the one shown in the picture below.

• Make desired changes.

• Save changes by pressing ”E” in the main menu. If you don’t want to save changes, press

”Q”.

• Disconnect PROG-pin from ground (if using the ARS-1F, slide the switch upwards), the radio

modem should now return to the data transfer mode.

***** SATEL 3AS *****
SW Version x.yz

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------­Current settings

----------------

1) Radio frequency 468.2000 MHz [ CF 468.2000 MHz, spacing 25 kHz ]

2) Radio settings Tx power level 500 mW / Signal threshold level -110 dBm
TX start delay 0 ms

3) Addressing RX address OFF / TX address OFF

4) Serial port 1 ON / 19200 bit/s / 8 bit data / None parity / 1 stop bit

5) Serial port 2 OFF / 19200 bit/s / 8 bit data / None parity / 1 stop bit (RS-485)

6) Handshaking CTS Traditional / CD RSSI-threshold / RTS Ignored

7) Additional set-up Error Correction OFF / Repeater OFF / SL-commands OFF /
Diversity mode OFF / CRC check OFF

8) Routing Source routing

9) Tests OFF
A) Restore factory settings
E) EXIT and save settings
Q) QUIT without saving

Enter selection >

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3.2.2 Restoring factory settings

Selecting menu selection “A” may restore factory settings.

Enter selection >A

Restore factory settings

-----------------------­ Do you want to restore factory settings? (Y/N)>

Factory settings are restored by selecting ”Y” (YES). By pressing any other button current settings
will remain active. The modem will ask this question two times to make sure that the user really
wants to restore factory settings.

3.3 Display and push buttons (SATELLINE-3ASd)

SATELLINE-3ASd radio modem includes a LCD-display (Liquid Crystal Display) with a backlight.
In the data transfer mode the display will show the operating settings of the radio modem, actual
radio field strength and the charge remaining in the SatelSet-battery. Using the push buttons and
the LCD-display, it is possible to change most of the settings of the radio modem without the
need for an external terminal. The backlight of the display activates itself automatically when
pressing any of the push buttons.

The radio modem will shift into the configuration mode (SET-UP-mode) by pressing the SET-UP­push button ( y). The LCD-display will then show shortly the model of the radio modem and the

version number of the installed software, after which the main menu appears. The main menu is
a listing of the changeable parameters.

With the help of the main menu sub-menus can be selected which in turn can be used to
change the actual settings. You can always return to the previous higher level of the menu
structure by pressing the CANCEL (or BACK) push button. Pressing the ý or þ button changes
settings. Selections are confirmed by pressing the SELECT or SET button. In case of numerical
values the digit to be changed is selected by pressing the NEXT button (see following page).

26

SATELLINE-3ASd AND EPIC LCD-DISPLAY AFTER POWER-UPSATELLINE-3ASd AND EPIC LCD-DISPLAY AFTER POWER-UP

Select-button

Cancel/Back -button

Up-button

Down-button

Current frequency

Cursor indicates

Field strength

Battery level

SATELLINE-3AS

User Guide, Version 2.0

of the last
received
transmission

Display in DATA
MODE
(transmit/receive
mode)

Display of the software
version

Display in SET-UP
MODE (configuration
mode)

indicator

цДДДЦЦ дДДДЦЦ

468.2000 MHz

COM1:19200N81

Set-up

SATELLINE-3AS
Version 1.XX

RF frequency
>Addressing
Port 1

CANCEL ý þ Set-up

Serial port settings
Push button function
descriptions

active line

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4 TRANSPARENT DATA TRANSMISSION

4.1 RS-Interface, data format

The SATELLINE-3AS radio modem serial interfaces use asynchronous data format. No external
synchronising signal is needed, since necessary timing information is acquired from the start and
stop bits transmitted before and after each data field bits (byte).

The data transfer speed of the serial interfaces can be set to 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800,
9600, 19200 or 38400 bps (bbits pper ssecond). The length of the data field must be 7, 8 or 9
bits. When using a data field length of 7 or 8 bits, a parity bit may also be used.

One character to be transmitted will thus contain a start bit; the data bits (which define the
actual character in question); an optional parity bit and one or two stop bits. The overall length
of one character is therefore 10, 11 or 12 bits. This should be taken into account when
calculating the data throughput capability of a system. In other words, also the number of start,
stop and parity bits must be considered. A useful rule of thumb is that at a data transfer speed of
9600 bps, the transmission of one character will require roughly one millisecond (1 ms).

Start Data Parity End

Asynchronous character data format

Example:Example: With an 8-bit data character length and taking for example a decimal value of ”204”,
which corresponds to a binary value of ”11001100” and with a start bit value of ”0”, parity bit
set to either “NO” (NONE), ”0” or ”1” and with a stop bit value of ”1”, the possible
combinations are listed in the table below:

DATA FORMAT CHARACTER CHARACTER LENGTH
8 bit, no parity, 1 stop bit 0110011001 10 bit

8 bit, even parity, 1 stop bit 01100110001 11 bit
8 bit, odd parity, 1 stop bit 01100110011 11 bit
8 bit, no parity, 2 stop bits 01100110011 11 bit
8 bit, even parity, 2 stop bits 011001100011 12 bit
8 bit, odd parity, 2 stop bits 011001100111 12 bit

If the settings of data speed, character length, parity or the number of stop bits differ between
the radio modem and the terminal, errors will be introduced into the transferred data. The serial
port settings of each individual radio modem in a system can be different except for the data
length setting (7, 8 or 9 bits), which must always be the same in each individual radio data
modem. (7,8 or 9). In other words, the serial port used the data transfer speed, parity and
number of stop bits can be different in different parts of a same system. This is especially useful
in cases where one part of the system uses an RS-485 type of serial port and another part uses
the RS-232 type of serial port. In other words, radio modems may also be utilised as serial port
adapters in addition to the more common role of wireless data transfer.

Using the configuration mode (SET-UP-mode) can change serial port settings.

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4.2 Handshake lines

When using the RS-232 serial interface, handshake signals can be used to control data transfer.
Handshake signals are used for example by the radio modem to inform the terminal that the
radio channel is busy and that it cannot initiate transmission. Also the terminal can control the
radio modem via RTS-line.

Line Direction
CTS To terminal

RTS To modem
CD To terminal

A common way of using handshake signals is to monitor the CTS-line and ignore the others.
Usually the terminal is fast enough to handle the data received by the radio modem, so the use
of RTS-line is not necessary.

Handshaking is not needed if the system protocol is designed to prevent collisions (data
contention) by the use of polling or if there is little traffic and if there is no harm from occasional
data contention situations (several radio modems try to transmit at the same time).

4.2.1 CTS-line

1) Clear To SendClear To Send

Operation is similar to SATELLINE 2ASxE. CTS is active when the radio modem is ready to
accept data for transmission. CTS will shift into inactive state during data reception and when a
pause (packet end) is detected in transmitted data. CTS shifts back into active state when
reception ends or the radio modem has finished transmission. CTS shifts into inactive state also
in cases when the serial interface data transfer speed is greater than the radio interface transfer
speed and when the transmit buffer is in danger of overflowing.

2) TX buffer stateTX buffer state

CTS will shift into inactive state only if the radio modem transmit buffer is in danger of
overflowing.

4.2.2 CD-line

1) RSSI-thresholdRSSI-threshold

Operation is similar to SATELLINE 2ASxE. CD is active whenever a signal with a level exceeding
the level required for reception exists on the radio channel. It doesn’t make any difference if the
signal is an actual data transmission, a signal of a radio transmitter not belonging to the system
or an interference signal caused for example by a computer or a peripheral device. CD is also
active when the radio modem in question is transmitting.

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2) Data on channelData on channel

CD will switch to active state only after recognition of a valid data transmission. CD will not
react to interference signals.

3) Always ONAlways ON

CD is always in the active state. This option can be used with terminal equipment, which use the
CD-line as an indicator of an active connection (the radio modem can transmit and receive at
any time).

4.2.3 RTS-line

1) IgnoredIgnored

RTS-line status is ignored.

2) Flow controlFlow control

The radio modem transmits data to the terminal device only when the RTS-line is active. Non­active state of the RTS-line will force the radio modem to buffer the received data. This option is
used if the terminal device is too slow to handle data received from the radio modem.

3) Reception controlReception control

RTS-line controls the reception process of the radio modem. Active state of RTS-line enables
reception (as normal). Non-active state of the RTS-line will interrupt reception process
immediately, even if the radio modem is receiving a data packet. This option is used to force the
radio modem into WAIT State for an immediate channel change.

4.3 Timing and delays during data transmission

When using a radio modem for data transmission, certain delays will be formed due to the use
of a radio interface and from the radio modem circuitry itself. These delays exist when the radio
modem switches from STAND-BY to DATA mode and during reception and transmission of data.
For detailed delay values in each case see tables in Chapter 14.2.1 and 14.2.2.

4.3.1 Data buffering in the radio data modem

Whenever the radio modem is in Data Transfer mode it monitors both the radio channel and the
RS-Interface. When the terminal device starts data transmission the radio modem switches to
transmission mode. At the beginning of each transmission a synchronisation signal is transmitted
and this signal is detected by the radio modem, which then switches into receive mode. During
the transmission of the synchronisation signal the radio modem buffers data into its memory.