Raymarine HSB2 PLUS 7INCH, HSB2 PLUS 10 User Manual

hsb

2

PLUS Series

CRT Display

Owner’s
Handbook

Document number: 81187_3
Date: September 2002

Preface iii

hsb

PLUS Series CRT Display Owner’s

Handbook

September 2002

INTENDED USE

Thedisplayunitsdetailedin this handbook may form part ofnavigational
radarsystemsintendedfor light marine use. These displaysandradar
systems are only an aid to navigation.

SAFETY NOTICES

Thisradarequipmentmust be installed and operated in accordance with the
instructionscontainedinthismanual.Failuretodosocan result in personal
injuryand/ornavigationalinaccuracies.In particular:

1.HIGH VOLTAGE.TheCRTdisplayunitandscannerunit contain
highvoltages.Adjustmentsrequirespecializedservice proceduresand
toolsonlyavailabletoqualifiedservicetechnicians–therearenouser
serviceablepartsoradjustments.Theoperatorshouldnever removethe
displayunitcoveror attempt to service the equipment.Ifthesafetyseal

fittedacrossoneof the display cover fixing screws is damaged or missing,
contactaqualifiedservicetechnicianbeforetheequipmentispowered.

2

2.X-RAYS. X-Raysaregeneratedbythisequipment.Theacceleration
voltagemustnotexceed12 kV. No internal access is provided to controls
whichaffectthisvoltage-see note 1 above.

3.ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY. Theradar scannertransmits
electromagneticenergy. It is important that the radar is turned off whenever
personnelarerequiredtocomecloseto the scanner to perform work on the
scannerassemblyorassociatedequipment.

Itisrecommendedthatthe radar scanner is mountedoutofrangeofpersonnel
(aboveheadheight).

Avoid lookingdirectlyattheantennaasyoureyesarethemostsensitivepartof
thebodyto electromagneticenergy.

Whenproperlyinstalled andoperated,theuse of thisradarwillconformto the
requirementsofANSI/IEEEC95.1-1992StandardforSafetyLevelswith
RespecttoHumanExposuretoRadioFrequencyElectromagneticFields,3Hz
to300GHzandNRPB, Board StatementonRestrictionson HumanExposure
toStati candTimeVarying ElectromagneticFieldsandRadiation.DocNRPB,
N0.5 (1993).

4.NAVIGATIONAID.Thisunit isonlyanaidtonavigation.Itsaccuracycan
beaffectedbymanyfactors,includingequipmentfailureordefects,

iv hsb

environmentalconditions,andimproperhandlingoruse.Itisthe user’s
responsibilitytoexercisecommonprudenceandnavigationaljudgements.
Thisradarunitshouldnotberelieduponasasubstitut efor such prudence and
judgement.

5.FUSES.Forcontinuedprotection againstriskoffire,replacefuses withthe
correcttypeandrating,asspecifiedinAppendix A.

6.DISPOSAL INSTRUCTIONS. Donotburn the CRTDisplayunit.It
containsberylliumcopperandplasticswhichproducetoxicfumes.Itis also
possiblefortheCRTtube toimplode.

Raymarineproductsaresupportedbya network of Authorized Service
Representatives.Forinformationonourproductsandservices,contacteither
ofthe following:

UNITEDSTATES RaymarineInc.

22 Cotton Road, Unit D
Nashua,NH 03063-4219
Telephone: [phone]

[phone]

Fax: [phone]

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

EUROPE RaymarineLimited

AnchoragePark
Portsmouth
Hampshire PO3 5TD
England
Telephone: [phone]

Fax: [phone]
Copyright© Raymarine Ltd.2002
Thetechnicalandgraphicalinformationcontainedinthishandbook,to the

bestofourknowledge,wascorrectasitwenttopress.However,ourpolicyof
continuousimprovementandupdatingmay change product specifications
withoutpriornotice. As aresult,unavoidabledifferencesbetweentheproduct
andhandbookmay occur from time to time, for whichliabilitycannotbe
acceptedbyRaymarine.

Raymarineisa registeredtrademarkofRaymarineLimited.
SeaTalk is aregisteredtrademarkofRaymarineLimited.

2

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isa trademarkof RaymarineLimited.

Pathfinder Plus is a trademark of Raymarine Limited.
ThisproductcontainstechnologyprovidedunderlicensebyAcornGroupplc.

ThecopyrightofthisintellectualpropertyisacknowledgedbyRaymarine
Ltd.,asareAcorn’strademarksand patents. Acorn’sworldwideweb address
is http://www.acorn.com.

Preface v

Preface

Thishandbookdescribestheradarandchart aspectsof the following hsb

2

(PLUS)seriesdisplaysystemsfromRaymarine:

System Display Scanner Chartplotter

Pathfinder Radar R70 PLUS,

R80 PLUS

Combined Pathfinder Radar/Chartplotter R70RC PLUS

R80RCPLUS

Yes N o

Yes Yes

Thishandbookalsodescribestheuse of multi-displaysystems.

Note:Radar systems are supplied with an appropriate Raymarine scanner
unitandinter-connectingcable.Detailsforinstallingthescannerarede­scribedinthe PathfinderRadar Scanner Owner’s Handbook.
TheRaychart(RC)display units include a cartridge holder assembly which
containstwoslotsforC-MAP NT chart cards.

Thishandbookcontainsveryimportantinformationontheinstallationand
operationofyournew equipment.In order to obtain the best results in
operationandperformance,pleasereadthishandbookthoroughly.

Raymarine’s TechnicalServicesrepresentativesor yourlocaldealerwillbe
availabletoanswerany questionsyou may have.

Warranty

To registeryourdisplayunitownership,pleasetakeafew minutes to fill out
thewarrantyregistrationcardfoundattheendof this handbook. It is very
importantthatyoucompletetheownerinformationandreturnthecardto the
factoryinordertoreceivefullwarrantybenefits.

EMC Conformance

AllRaymarineequipmentandaccessoriesaredesignedtothebestindustry
standardsforusein the recreationalmarineenvironment.

Thedesignand manufacture of Raymarine equipment and accessories
conformtotheappropriateElectromagneticCompatibil ity(EMC) standards,
butcorrectinstallationisrequiredtoensurethatperformanceisnot
compromised.

vi hsb

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

Contents

Preface ............................................................................................... v

Warranty ...........................................................................................v

EMC Conformance ...........................................................................v

Chapter 1: Overview ..........................................................................................1.1

How to Use This Handbook .......................................................... 1.1

1.1 General .......................................................................................... 1.4

Introductiontohsb2 Systems ........................................................ 1.4

PLUS Display Units ..................................................................... 1.5

OperatingModes .......................................................................... 1.6

Headingand Position Data ........................................................... 1.9

1.2 The Pathfinder Radar PLUS Display .......................................... 1.10

PathfinderRadarPLUS Display Options ................................... 1.10

Radar Functions ......................................................................... 1.12

1.3 The Chartplotter Display ..................................................... .......1.13

ChartplotterDisplayOptions ...................................................... 1.14

ChartplotterFunctions ................................................................ 1.15

1.4 Operating Controls .....................................................................1.16

TrackballandCursor................................................................... 1.16

DedicatedKeys ........................................................................... 1.18

RotaryControls and On-Screen Sliders ...................................... 1.19

SoftKeys ..................................................................................... 1.19

Pop-Up Menus ............................................................................ 1.20

DatabaseLists ............................................................................. 1.21

Chapter 2: Getting Started & Adjusting the Display ....................................2.1

2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................2.1

ConventionsUsed ......................................................................... 2.1

Simulator ...................................................................................... 2.1

2.2 Switching the Display Onand Off ................................................ 2.2

SimulatorMode ............................................................................ 2.5

Lighting,BrillianceandContrast .................................................2.5

2.3 Controlling the Display ................................................................. 2.7

SelectingtheMode of Operation .................................................. 2.7

Preface vii

CustomizingtheScreen PresentationOptions ............................ 2.13

2.4 Radar Display Control Functions ............................................... 2.16

Using the Zoom Function ........................................................... 2.16

OffsettingtheCenter ................................................................... 2.17

Hidingthe Ship’sHeadingMarker(SHM) ................................. 2.18

2.5 Chart Display Control Functions ................................................ 2.19

MovingAround the Chart ........................................................... 2.19

2.6 TypicalChartScenarios .............................................................. 2.23

Placeand Goto a Waypoint ......................................................... 2.24

Makeand Follow a Route ........................................................... 2.26

ReviewYour Passage Plan .......................................................... 2.28

ReviewYour Passage Plan .......................................................... 2.29

DisplayingtheRadarand SynchronizingRadar & Chart ........... 2.30

Chapter 3: Standard Radar Operations ..........................................................3.1

3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................3.1

3.2 Range Control ............................................................................... 3.2

Changingthe Range ...................................................................... 3.3

DeterminingActualRadar Range ................................................. 3.3

3.3 Interpreting and Adjusting the RadarPicture ............................... 3.4

IdentifyingFalseEchoReturns .................................................... 3.5

AdjustingGain,Sea Clutter,RainClutterandTune ..................... 3.7

Changingthe Targets Display ......................................................3.11

3.4 Measuring Range and BearingUsing VRM/EBLs .................... 3.13

MeasuringRange and Bearing to TargetfromVessel ................. 3.14

MeasuringRange and Bearing Between Targets(FLOAT)........ 3.16

ControllingVRM/EBL Data Boxes ...........................................3.18

3.5 Setting Guard Zones andAlarms ................................................ 3.19

Placinga Guard Zone .................................................................. 3.20

Moving,Reshaping or Deleting a Guard Zone ........................... 3.21

ControllingGuardZone Alarms ................................................. 3.21

3.6 MARPA ............................................................................... .......3.23

IntroductiontoMARPA ............................................................. 3.23

Using MARP A............................................................................ 3.25

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PLUS Series CRT Display

Chapter 4: Integrated Radar Operations ........................................................4.1

4.1 Introduction ..................................................................................4.1

4.2 Changing the HeadingMode ........................................................ 4.2

TrueandRelativeMotion ............................................................. 4.2

4.3 Using Marks .................................................................................. 4.4

4.4 Man Overboard(MOB) ................................................................ 4.5

4.5 Cursor Echo .................................................................................. 4.6

Chapter 5: Standard Chart Operations ...........................................................5.1

5.1 Introduction ..................................................................................5.1

5.2 Using Chart Cards ......................................................................... 5.2

Insertinga Chart Card ...................................................................5.2

Removing a Chart Card ................................................................ 5.3

DisplayingtheChart Data ............................................................. 5.3

DisplayingChartObjectand Source Information ........................ 5.4

5.3 WorkingwithWaypoints .............................................................. 5.8

Introduction .................................................................................. 5.8

Placinga Wayp oint ....................................................................... 5.9

SelectingaW aypoint .................................................................. 5.12

Waypoint DataDisplay ............................................................... 5.12

Editingthe WaypointDetails ...................................................... 5.13

Erasinga Waypo int ..................................................................... 5.14

Movinga Waypoint .................................................................... 5.14

Using the ST60 or ST80 NavigatorKeypad ............................... 5.15

5.4 WorkingwithRoutes ..................................................................5.18

Creatinga New Route .................................................................5.19

Savingthe Current Route ............................................................ 5.22

ClearingtheCurrent Route .........................................................5.23

Retrievea Route From the Database........................................... 5.23

DisplayingRouteInformation .................................................... 5.24

Usingthe Route List to EraseandName a Route ....................... 5.26

Editing a Route ...........................................................................5.27

5.5 Following Routes and Goingto Points ....................................... 5.29

Followa Route ............................................................................ 5.29

Target Point Arrival .................................................................... 5.31

Preface ix

OtherFollow Route Options ....................................................... 5.31

Going ToanIndividualTarget Point ........................................... 5.32

StopFollowor Stop Goto ............................................................ 5.33

5.6 TransferringWaypoints and Routes ...........................................5.34

5.7 Using Tracks ...............................................................................5.38

SettingUp a Track ...................................................................... 5.39

ClearingtheCurrent Track ......................................................... 5.40

ManagingTracks ........................................................................5.40

SmartRoute ................................................................................. 5.42

Chapter 6: Further Chart Operations ..............................................................6.1

6.1 Introduction ..................................................................................6.1

6.2 Measuring Distances Using the VRM/EBLKey .......................... 6.2

6.3 Alarms and Timers........................................................................ 6.4

Alarm Reporting ........................................................................... 6.4

SettingAlarms and Timers ........................................................... 6.5

6.4 Man Overboard(MOB) ................................................................ 6.6

6.5 Cursor Echo .................................................................................. 6.7

6.6 GPS Setup ..................................................................................... 6.8

6.7 Data Log Mode ...........................................................................6.10

Chapter 7: Setting Up the System Defaults ...................................................7.1

7.1 Introduction ..................................................................................7.1

7.2 Changing the SetUp Parameters .................................................. 7.2

7.3 System Set Up Parameters ............................................................ 7.4

Data Boxes .................................................................................... 7.6

BearingMode ............................................................................... 7.6

CursorReference .......................................................................... 7.6

CursorReadout .............................................................................7.6

Help............................................................................................... 7.7

SoftKeys ....................................................................................... 7.7

KeyBeep ...................................................................................... 7.7

MOB Data ..................................................................................... 7.7

AutopilotPop Up .......................................................................... 7.7

MenuTimeoutPeriod ...................................................................7.7

x hsb

Units .............................................................................................. 7.7

Variation Source ........................................................................... 7.8

BridgeNMEA Heading ................................................................7.8

NMEA Out Set Up ........................................................................ 7.9

CursorEcho .................................................................................. 7.9

Date and TimeSettings .................................................................7.9

GPS SOG/COG Filter ................................................................. 7.10

CompassSet Up .......................................................................... 7.10

Language .................................................................................... 7.10

Simulator .................................................................................... 7.10

7.4 Radar Set UpParameters .............................................................7.11

EBL Display ................................................................................7.11

TimedTrans missi onOption .......................................................7.12

MarksOptions ............................................................................ 7.12

CustomScale .............................................................................. 7.12

BearingAlignment ..................................................................... 7.13

AntennaSize ............................................................................... 7.13

Sendon HSB ............................................................................... 7.13

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PLUS Series CRT Display

7.5 MARPASetUpParameters ........................................................ 7.14

7.6 Advanced Settings ...................................................................... 7.15

DisplayTiming ...........................................................................7.15

STC Preset .................................................................................. 7.16

TunePreset..................................................................................7.16

7.7 Chart Set UpParameters ............................................................. 7.17

CustomizeChart ......................................................................... 7.17

PlotterMode ............................................................................... 7.18

ChartOrientation ........................................................................7.18

ObjectInformation ..................................................................... 7.19

Waypoint Options ....................................................................... 7.19

Vectors ........................................................................................ 7.19

Radar/ChartSynch ...................................................................... 7.19

DatumSelection ......................................................................... 7.19

PositionOffset ............................................................................ 7.20

Preface xi

Chapter 8: Installation ......................................................................................8.1

8.1 Introduction ..................................................................................8.1

Planningthe Installation ............................................................... 8.2

EMC Installation Guidelines ........................................................ 8.2

8.2 Unpacking and Inspecting theComponents ................................. 8.4

8.3 Selecting the Display Unit Location .............................................8.5

8.4 Cable Runs .................................................................................... 8.8

PowerCable .................................................................................. 8.8

Inter-UnitScannerCable .............................................................. 8.9

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Cable ..................................................................................... 8.9

8.5 Mounting the DisplayUnit ......................................................... 8.10

8.6 System Connections ................................................................... 8.12

DisplayUnit Connection ............................................................ 8.13

8.7 Radar System TestsandInstallationAlignment ......................... 8.16

SystemCheck ............................................................................. 8.16

SwitchOn and Initial Setup ........................................................8.16

RadarSystem Checks and Adjustments ..................................... 8.17

EMC Conformance ..................................................................... 8.20

8.8 Integrated Systems ...................................................................... 8.21

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™(High Speed Bus) Multiple Display Systems .................. 8.21

SeaTalk® andNMEA In ............................................................. 8.24

Usingthe SeaTalkAuxiliaryJunctionBox................................. 8.29

Data Output .................................................................................8.30

Data Conversion ......................................................................... 8.30

8.9 Integrated System Checks .......................................................... 8.31

ChartDisplay- R70RC PLUS, R80RC PLUS ........................... 8.31

ReceivedData ............................................................................. 8.31

TransmittedData ........................................................................ 8.31

Chapter 9: Maintenance and Problem Solving ..............................................9.1

9.1 Maintenance .................................................................................9.1

RoutineChecks ............................................................................. 9.1

EMC Servicing and Safety Guidelines ......................................... 9.1

xii hsb

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PLUS Series CRT Display

9.2 Resetting the System ..................................................................... 9.2

9.3 Problem Solving ........................................................................... 9.3

Technical Support: ........................................................................ 9.3

How to Contact Raymarine (US) .................................................. 9.4

How to Contact Raymarine (Europe) ...........................................9.5

Worldwide Support ....................................................................... 9.5

Appendix A: Specification ...................................................................................A.1

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Series7"and 10" CRTDisplays .............................................A.1

Appendix B: Using the Auxiliary Junction Box ................................................. B.1

Raystar112,105,Apelco182and 182XT ....................................B.2

AutohelmGPS, Z260 and Z273 ...................................................B.3

Raystar112LP(SeaTalk version) .................................................B.4

Raystar114CombinedGPSandDifferentialBeaconReceiver ...B.5

Raystar120 WAAS Satellite Differential Receiver ......................B.6

Appendix C: C-MAP Chart Card Features .......................................................... C.1

Appendix D: SeaTalk and NMEA Data Received and Transmitted ................ D.1

Appendix E: Connecting a Raymarine Heading Sensor ...................................E.1

G-SeriesCourseComputer ...........................................................E.1

Appendix F: Abbreviations ..................................................................................F.1

Index ................................................................................................xiii

Chapter 1: 1-1

Chapter 1:

1.1 Overview

How to Use This Handbook

Thishandbookdescr ibesthefollowinghsb2(PLUS)seriesdisplays andmulti­displaysystems:

R70PLUS Pathfinder Radar,7"CR TDisplay
R70RCPLUS Pathfinder Radar & Chartplotter,7"CR TDisplay
R80PLUS Pathfinder Radar,10"CRTDisplay
R80RCPLUS Pathfinder Radar & Chartplotter,10"CR TDisplay

Ifyouare installingthe displaysystem yourself,youshouldread Chapter 8
beforeyoustarttheinstallation.Thischapteralsoprovidesinformationthat
willbeuseful if you are connecting your
equipment.

2

hsb

Foranoverviewof

(PLUS)displaysystems ,thedisplayunitcontrols and
the radar/chartplotter system, read Chapter 1.1. Chapter 2 will help you start
usingyoursystem.

2

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series system to other

Overview

Overview

FordetailedinformationonradaroperationsrefertoChapter3:Standard
RadarOperationsandChapter 4:IntegratedRadar Operations.

Forchartplotteroperatingdetails,refertoChapter 5 andChapter 6.
To changethesystemsetup defaults, read Chapter 7.
Detailsforinstallingaradarscannerareprovidedinthe Pathfinder Radar

ScannerOwner’s Handbook suppliedwithyourscanner.

Note:Many illustrationsinthishandbookshowexamplescreens.The screen
youseeon your display depends on your system configuration and set up op­tions,soitmay differ from the illustration.

Thishandbookisorganizedasfollows:

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Chapter 1.1providesanoverviewof an
featuresandfunctions ofthe

2

hsb

PLUSseriesCRT Display.Thischapteralso

multi-display system and the

providesanoverviewofthe controls.You should read this chapter to
familiarizeyourselfwiththesystem.

Chapter 2explainshow to start using the display and describes how to use
someofthebasicradarandchart functions.Chapter2alsoprovidesoperating
guidelinesfortypicalchartplotterscenarios;theseguidelinesintroduceyou to
manyof the chartplotterfunctions.

1-2 hsb

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

How to Use This

How to Use This

Handbook

Handbook

Chapter 3providesdetailedoperatinginformationforthemainradar
functions-adjustingtheradarpicture;measuringdistancesandbearings;
settingguardzonesandalarms;usingMARPA fortargettracking.

Chapter 4providesdetailedoperatinginformationforintegratedradarsystem
functions,includingusingmarks,manoverboardandcursorecho.

Chapter 5providesdetailedoperatinginformationforthestandard
chartplotterfunctions- usingchartcards,plottingwaypointsandroutes,
followingroutesandshowingtracks.

Chapter 6providesdetailedoperatinginformationforfurtherchartfunctions,
includingmeasuringdistances,manoverboardandcursorecho.Itincludes
instructionsforsettingupadifferentialGPS.

Chapter 7providesinstructionsforsettingupyoursystemto suit your
preferences.Youshouldreadthischaptertodeterminehowtosetuptheradar
andchartplottersystemdefaults.

Chapter 8providesplanningconsiderationsanddetailedinstructionsfor
installingthedisplayunit(s).Itshouldbereferredtowhenyouare ready to
installthesystem.Detailstoconnectthedisplaytoother equipment are also
provided.To installacompleteradarsystem,you will also need to read the
Owner’sHandbooksuppliedwiththescanner.

Chapter 9providesinformationonuser maintenance,and what to do if you
experienceproblems.

TheAppendicesprovideadditionalinformationthatyoumayfinduseful:

Appendix Aliststhetechnicalspecificationsfortheradarandchartplotter.
Appendix BprovidesdetailsonconnectingthedisplayunittospecificGPS

systems.

Appendix Cdefinesthechartfeaturesshown on the chart display.
Appendix Ddefines the SeaTalk and NMEA data that is transferred on

integratedsystems.
Appendix EprovidesdetailsonconnectingaRaymarineheadingsensorfor
MARPA.
Appendix Fprovidesalistof abbreviations.
AnIndexand warranty information are included at the end of thehandbook.

Asummaryof the radar and chartplotter controls are provided on the Quick
ReferenceCardssuppliedwithyoursystem.

Chapter 1: 1-3

Terminology

Thefollowingterminologyisusedto describe radar and chartplottersystems:
Master A unit capable of sourcing specificdata such as

fishfinder ,chart or radar data.

Repeater A unit capable of displaying data, such as radar,from

2

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.

FishfinderDisplayUnitprovidingFishfinder Master,ChartRepeaterand

RadarRepeaterfunctionality.

RadarDisplay UnitprovidingRadar Master, FishfinderRepeater

andChart Repeaterfunctionality.

ChartDisplay UnitprovidingChartMaster,Fishfinder Repeater and

RadarRepeaterfunctionality.

CombinedDisplayUnitprovidingbothRadarandChartMaster or Fishfinder

andChart Masterfunctionality.

2

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IntegratedSystemAdditionalinstrumentsareconnectedviathe

,

SeatalkorNMEA interfaces.

2

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™ HighSpeed Bus - links compatible display units.

ItsupersedesHSB and allows multipledisplaysystems.
Forfulldisplayand control between
units,theunitsmust be connected via

2

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series display

2

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andSeaTa lk.

How to Use This

How to Use This

Handbook

Handbook

1-4 hsb

1.2 General

General

General

Thehsb2(PLUS)seriesPathfinderRadaror PathfinderRadar/Chartplotter
comprisesthe7" or 10" CRTPLUSdisplayunit,scannerunitand associated
cables.

Display Unit

Thehsb2(PLUS)seriesdisplay unit is waterproof to CFR46 and canbe
installedeitheraboveorbelowdeck.

Theunitincludes:

• 7"or 10"CRTPLUSdisplay

• Trackball

• Nine dedicated (labeled) control keys

• Threededicated(labeled)rotarycontrols

• Foursoftkeys(unlabeled)whose functionalitychanges

• ThecombinedPathfinderRadar/ChartplotterincludestwoslotsfortheC-

MAP NT

®

chartcards

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

Thedisplayandkeys can be illuminated for night-time use.

Scanner

Thehsb2seriesPathfinderRadarissuppliedwithascanner unit which
illuminatestargetswithmicrowaveenergyandthencollectsthereturnsfrom
thosetargets.Thescannerincludesasensitivelow-noisefrontendreceiver,
and a variety of clutter attenuation controls to maintain target resolution.

Thescannerisadjusted andoperatedfromthedisplayunit, sothesedetailsare
providedinthisHandbook.Itcan be switched between transmit and stand-by
modes.Italso hasapower-savingtimedtransmitmodewhich pausesbetween
burstsoftransmissions.

InstallationofthescannerisdescribedseparatelyintheScannerOwner’s
Handbook.

Introduction to hsb

Itispossibleto connect up to ten hsb2(PLUS)seriesLCD or CRTdisplays
(dependentoncablelengths)andascanner unit to provide an integrated
system.Thesystemmay include existingHSB display units that have been
suitablyupgraded-contactyourauthorizedRaymarine dealer for upgrade kit
details.

2

Systems

The

2

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(HighSpeedBus) connectionenablestransferofdata between
compatibleunits.Forexample,radardataistransferredfromtheradar(the
masterdisplay)viathe
anyother

2

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seriesLCDorCRTdisplay(therepeaterdisplay).

2

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connectionandcanbedisplayedandcontrolledon

Chapter 1: 1-5

Inparticular ,you canconnectyourRadarto a remote Chartplotter(or
Fishfinder/Chartplotter)to provide similar functionalityto the combined
Radar/Chartplotter(or Fishfinder/Chartplotter).However,youshouldbe
awarethatifyouchange,say,radarrangeononedisplay, itaffectsalldisplays
showingradar(orradar/chartoverlayoncolordisplays).

The

2

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systemcanincludeseveral chartplotterdisplays,each with twochart
cartridgeslots.Eachdisplaycanaccesstwolocalandup to six remote chart
cartridges.Chartscanbecontr olledindependent lyoneachdisplay,evenwhen
aremotechartcartridgeisbeingused.

Pathfinder Scanner

PLUS Display Units

PLUS Display Units

hsb2 Fishfinder Display

AUTO GCRZFH

SD

50kHz

0

8

25

38

45

52

ft

ZOOMFREQUENCY

BTM.LOCK A-SCOPE

50

75

100

Fishfinder, Chart, Radar transferred to all displays

Figure 1-1:

hsb

PLUS Display Units

Features

• Chartplotter–DisplayschartinformationfromtheC-MAP NT®chart

cards(C-Cards)

• Usespositiondatafrom GPS, DGPS, WAASorLoran-Ctechnology

• Displaysandtransfers

• Providesfullcontrolofdatafrom other

hsb2 Radar/Chart Display

AUTO G RZ

50kHz

0

200

ft

ZOOM MORE¬FREQUENCY CHRT SNR

POWER

2

Integrated System

2

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,SeaTalkand NMEA data

GAIN

SEA

MULTI

ALARMS

ENTER CLEAR MENU

2

hsb

Radar Display

DISPLAY

MOB

MARKS

VRM/EBL

RANGE

GOTO MORE!ROUTE RDR CHRT

D5569-1

2

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instruments

• Severalfull-screenoperat ingmodes including: Radar,Chart, DataLogor

Sonar,ifappropriatedataisavailable.

• View radarand chart simultaneously in half-screenwindows.

• Half-screenwindowstodisplayadditionaldata:CourseDeviationIndica-

tor(CDI),Bearingand Distance Indicator(BDI),navigationdata.

1-6 hsb

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

Operating Modes

Operating Modes

• CursorechoacrossSeaTalk,andbetweenchartand radar windows

• Choiceoforientation:HeadUp, Course Up and North Up

• Thesystemcan be connected to an ST80 Navigatorkeypadforentryof

alpha-numericdata.

Set Up Options

Setup optionsallowyou to choose what is displayed, how it isdisplayed
(includinglanguageandunits),bearingmodeandhow the display operates
withother

hsb

fromotherequipment,e.g.speed,heading,depth,wind and tide information
ina set of user-selectabledataboxes.Forsystemswithan autopilot,whenthe
statusandlockedheadinginformationchangethenew data can be displayed.

DisplayoptionsareprovidedinSystemSetUp, describedin Chapter 7.
ScreenPresentationOptions,describedinChapter 2 allow you toswitchthe
cursoranddataboxesOn/Off.Thecursorbox and user-selecteddataboxes
canbe moved around the screen.

Operating Modes

Ona single hsb2unityou can view a full screen radar.You canalsoset
Win dowsOntosplitthedisplayintotwohalf-screenwindowsto show

supplementarydataor,on acombined displayunit, display radar and chart
simultaneously. The mainoperatingmode(radarorchart)isdisplayedin the
upperwindow;you choose what is displayed in the lowerwindow.
Thefollowingareavailable:

2

units.You can view the cursor position and avarietyofdata

Table 1-1:

Display Full-screen mode Half-screen Window Options

0R70 PLUS,
R80 PLUS

R70RC PLUS,
R80RC PLUS

2

hsb

Single Display Operating Modes and Window Options

Radar CDI, BDI or Nav Data

Radar Mode CDI, BDI, Chart or Nav Data

Chart Mode CDI, BDI, Radar or Nav Data

Data Log Mode Windows not available

Chapter 1: 1-7

Radar Display Chartplotter Display

Operating Mode for
Stand-alone
R70 or R80 Radar
Unit

RR

000°

0.220

1/2

HEAD UP

3nm

CURSOR
BRG
RNG nm

HDG MODE TARGETS SCREEN

IR

Operating Modes

Operating Modes

Additional Modes for
Linked Units
(or combined R70RC
or R80RC
Radar/Chartplotter)

DISPLAY

DISPLAY

TIME POSITION CMG DMG

15:30

16:00

16:30

17:00

17:30

18:00

18:30

19:00

19:30

STOP LOG

50°21^890N

001°20^610W

50°18^010N

001°20^070W

50°21^850N

001°19^290W

50°18^500N

001°21^300W

50°20^990N

001°18^280W

50°19^660N

001°21^960W

50°19^730N

001°18^030W

50°20^930N

001°21^750W

50°18^550N

001°18^650W

CLEAR LOG

346°

180°H

012°H

206°H

043°H

245°H

093°H

302°H

145°H

H

6.86

7.23KM

7.23KM

6.67KM

5.74KM

5.00KM

4.63KM

5.00KM

5.74KM

KM

HSB

SeaTalk

RR

000°

0.220

1/2

50°21^890N

001°20^610W

50°18^010N

001°20^070W

50°21^850N

001°19^290W

50°18^500N

001°21^300W

50°20^990N

001°18^280W

50°19^660N

001°21^960W

50°19^730N

001°18^030W

50°20^930N

001°21^750W

50°18^550N

001°18^650W

CLEAR LOG

HEAD UP

346°

180°H

012°H

206°H

043°H

245°H

093°H

302°H

145°H

H

3nm

CURSOR
BRG
RNG nm

HDG MODE TARGETS SCREEN

TIME POSITION CMG DMG

15:30

16:00

16:30

17:00

17:30

18:00

18:30

19:00

19:30

STOP LOG

6.86

7.23KM

7.23KM

6.67KM

5.74KM

5.00KM

4.63KM

5.00KM

5.74KM

IR

KM

D4285-3

Figure 1-2: Full Screen Operating Modes

1-8 hsb

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

Operating Modes

Operating Modes

Half-Screen Window Options

• Chartdisplay ,Radardisplay:Ifdataisavailableasafunctionof the

combineddisplayunititcanbe displayed full screen,as shown in
Figure 1-2, or in ahalf-screenwindow.

• CDI:This gives the Course Deviation Indicator graphical display,with

datarelatingtothetargetwaypoint.

• BDI:ThisgivestheBearingandDistanceIndicatorgraphicaldisplay,with

datarelatingtothetargetwaypoint.

• NavData: This shows sixteen data boxes, providing navigationaldatain

theunitsspecifiedinyourset up. Note that up to 6 of these data boxes are
alsoavailableasauser-selectablegroup (seeSection 7.3).

You select the operating mode andwindowsusingthe DISPLAY key as
describedinChapter 2.

Multi-display systems

Ifyouhave several hsb2seriesRadarandChartplotterdisplaysconnected
operation is similar to acombined Pathfinder Radar/Chartplotter Unit: three
full-screenmodes–radar,chart and datalogare availableon all displays.

Inaddition,if you have an hsb
setany displaytofishfindermode;if thesystemincludesachartp lotter,similar
functionalitytoacombinedFishfinder/Chartplot teris availableon all
displays.

2

seriesFishfinderdisplayconnected,youcan

Onan

2

hsb

systemwithRadar,ChartandFishfinderavailable,thefollowing

informationcanbeshownon any display unit:

Table 1-2: Window Options for Integrated Systems

Full-screen mode Half-screen Window Options

Chart Mode, CDI, BDI, Nav Data, Fishfinder or Radar

Radar Mode CDI, BDI, Chart or Nav Data

Fishfinder Mode Depth/temp, Chart or CDI, BDI

Data Log Mode Windows not available

2

hsb

Fordetailson the fishfinder,refertothe

SeriesDisplayOwner’s

Handbooksuppliedwith your fishfinder.

Chapter 1: 1-9

Heading and Position Data

Fullfunctionalityoftheradar/chartplotterisachievedwhenitispartof an
integratedsystemwithotherequipment(inadditiontoanother
connectedviaSeaTalk or NMEA 0183. Data from this equipment including
positionandheadingisshown on the display and is used in calculations.

DetailsonconnectingotherequipmentaregiveninChapter 8.

Providing Heading Data forMARPA

TheperformanceofMARPA is dependent on the quality of your heading
sensor. Itis importantthatboth the heading sensor and the radar scanner
(bearingalignment)arecorrectlycalibra ted.Refer to theappropriateheading
sensorandradarscannerhandbooksfor calibrationdetails.Thebetterthe
accuracyofyour heading data, the better the performance of MARPA.

Agyrocompassprovidesthebestperformancein allconditions.Alternatively
youcoulduse a fluxgate compass with rate gyro stabilization.
MARPA requires heading data to befrequentlyupdated(werecommend a
dataoutputrate ofgreaterthan8 Hz);headingdatamustthereforebeprovided
to the display on NMEA.
Inmultiple-displaysystems,headingmustbeconnected,viaNMEA, to each
displaythat will be used for MARPA.

hsb

2

unit)

Data

Data

Heading and Position

Heading and Position

We recommendthePathfinderSmartHeadingSystem(whichincludesthe
Gyro Plus 2 unit). Good results are also obtained with a Raymarine autopilot
systemincorporatinga150Gor400G Course Computer with internal rate
gyro.

OtherheadingsensorsconnectedonNMEA may provide satisfactory results
inreasonablesea states.However,in unsettledconditionsarategyrocompass
isadvisable.

ContactRaymarineCustomerServicesoryourauthorizedRaymarinedealer
foradditionalinformation.Forspecificconfigurationdetails with the
RaymarinecoursecomputerrefertoAppendix E. Ifyouareusing a suitable
third party heading sensor,refer to its documentation for installation and
calibrationdetails.

1-10 hsb

The Pathfinder Radar

The Pathfinder Radar

PLUS Display

PLUS Display

1.3 The Pathfinder Radar PLUS Display

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

Whenascanner is connected and the radar is in Transmitmode,theradar
pictureprovidesamap-likerepresentationoftheareainwhichthe radar is
operating.Typically,your ship’s position is at the centre of the display,andits
deadaheadbearing isindicatedbyaverticalheadingline,known as theShip’s
Heading Marker (SHM).

Theradarpicturecan be viewed with a variety of fixed orcustomisedrange
scales.Astatus bar at the top of the radarimagedisplaysrange,current
headingandmode indicatorsfor the various options you can set.
Anexample radar picture is shown on thenextpage,with example radar
returns(echoes)anddefaultPathfinderRadarinformation.TheStatusBaris
alsoillustrated.

Theradardisplaycan show additional information,dependingonyour
currentlyselectedoptions,setupselectionsandthedataavailablefromother
equipment.Theexampledisplaysonthefollowingpagesshowsomeof these
features.

Functionsareavailabletocontrolthedisplayasfollows:

• ZoomtheDisplay

• Offsetyourvesselfromthecentreofthe radar picture
OperationofthesefunctionsisdescribedinChapter 2.

Pathfinder Radar PLUS Display Options

In additionto the display set up options previously described,radarset up
optionsallowyouto customisethe radar image by selecting how radar marks
andElectronicBearingLine(EBL)dataare displayed.You can also specify
timedtransmitmodeand custom range scales.

TheScreenPresentationOptions,describedin Chapter 2allow you to switch
rangeringson/offandwaypointdisplayon/off.

Note:Whenyou turnthedisplayoff andonagain,the ScreenPresentationset­tingsareretainedin memory.

Chapter 1: 1-11

Default Display

Targets:

Landmass

Channel buoy

Surface
vessel

RM RV3

H-UP

AUTO

T

MARPA

045°

0.28

RINGS

1/2

R

126°T

3nm

CURSOR

BRG

RNG nm

HDG MODE TARGETS SCREEN

Default soft key labels

These can be turned off; press any soft key to re-display them.
Different labels are displayed when you press a key.

IR

Status Bar

Range rings

The number and
spacing depend on
the current range, or
you can turn them off

Ship's Heading
Marker (SHM)

You can hide this
temporarily

Cursor position,
controlled by the
trackpad

Ship's position

You can move this
off-centre if required

Bearing scale,
each tick indicating

o

2

of azimuth

Cursor position box

Shows the current
cursor position as
either Range/Bearing
or Lat/Long. You can
move this box to your
preferred position
on the screen, or
turn it off.

D3600-6

Pathfinder Radar

Pathfinder Radar

PLUS Display Options

PLUS Display Options

Status Bar

Selected range,
in nautical miles

3nm

Range rings

(displayed if

rings are on)

Motion Mode
Relative Motion
True Motion

RINGS

1/2

Range ring interval

Not displayed if
range rings are off

126°T

Current heading

if data available, or
Course Over Ground.
Displayed in degrees
Magnetic or True

Figure 1-3: Radar Display Features

displayed when function on:

Target Vectors
True Vector or
Relative Vector

and vector length

RM RV3

H-UP

Heading mode

Normally Head Up (H-UP);
Course Up (C-UP) or
North Up (N-UP) can be
selected if heading data
available

Auto mode

Gain, Sea,
Tune

AUTO

GST

(Remote rain)

Mode Indicators

Target
Expansion

Rain

Clutter

Guard Zone
Alarms

Interference
Rejection

Wakes

WKS
FTCEXRCGZIR

FTC

D3993-2

1-12 hsb

Radar Functions

Radar Functions

3nm

BRG
RNG

CURSOR

063°

1.65

COG

120@T

RR

1/2

R

50°49^13N

001°12^09W

nm

6.3kts

126°T

POSITION

SOG

AUTO

H-UP

GST

TIME

13:48:06

SPEED

5.7kts

DEPTH

FTC
FTC

EX
RC

IR

14.4m

WPT

T 1.20nm

203°

01h:30m

Figure 1-4: Typical Radar Picture

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

Data boxes, showing data
(if available) in the selected
units

Mark, symbol selected using
setup options

Mark, default symbol

Active waypoint - from Chartplotter
Offset centre
Long target wake (short,

medium or long wakes can
be selected)

Waypoint data box, showing
range, bearing and time to go

D3601-2

Radar Functions

Thehsb2(PLUS)seriesPathfinderRadarincludesthe followingfunctions:

• Choiceofrangescalesfrom

• Automaticandmanualcontrolof tuning,gain and sea clutter.

• TwoVariable Range Markers (VRMs) and ElectronicBearingLines
(EBLs),allowingtargetrangeandbearingmeasurements.
VRM/EBLs can be floated.

• Targetwakesandtargetexpansionmode.

• Twoguardzones with alarms.

• Addmarksto record important or dangerous locations.

• ManOverboard(MOB) to navigate back to a person or object.

•10TargetMARPA

OperationoftheseradarfunctionsisdescribedinChapter 3and Chapter 4.

1

/8nm to 72nm (dependent on scanner type).

Chapter 1: 1-13

1.4 The Chartplotter Display

The PLUSseriesdisplaycanincludeaChartplotter.Thechartplotterincludes
asmall-scaleworldmapand detailed navigationinformationisdisplayed
whena cartographicchartcard is installed.The details displayeddepend on
thechartzoom level selected.A plotter mode is provided to enable route
plottingandtrackingatlargescalesevenwhena chart card is not installed, or
whenthe chartis zoomed beyond the available cartographic detail.A typical
chartplotterscreenisshowninFigure 1-5.

ThechartplotterusespositioninformationfromaGPS, DGPS, W AASor
Loran-Cinstrument.Oncethepositionfixhasbeenestablished,yourvessel’ s
position,ifonscreen,isshown as a boat shape pointing inthedirectionofthe
currentheading(orCOG if heading data is not available). If no heading or
COG data is available, the vessel is shown as a circle.

Thechartplotterscreenincludesastatusbarthatdisplayschartscale,with
eithercursorposition,rangeandbearingor,whenthecursorishomedto the
vessel(bypressingFIND SHIP),vesselposition,SpeedOver Ground (SOG),
CourseOver Ground (COG) and fix type (VESPOS, DIF FIX or SDFIX).

The Chartplotter

The Chartplotter

Display

Display

Anywaypointsyou have placed are displayed (unless you turned them off in
ChartSetUp as described in Chapter 7) and thecurrentrouteisshown.
Informationcanbeviewedon-screenby positioningthe cursor over a
waypoint,currentrouteorchartobject.Thechartplotterscreencanalsoshow
additionalinformation,dependingonyourcurrentlyselectedoptions,setup
selectionsanddataavailablefromotherequipment.

Anexample chartdisplay ,in itsdefaultconfiguration,withachartcard
installed,isshowninthefollowingillustration.

Severalfunctionsareavailabletocontrolthedisplayasfollows:

• Zoomin/outand Pan the Display

• OffsettheChartorCenterthe Chart around the V essel

• SynchronizetheChartandRadar(if radar data is available)

OperationofthesefunctionsisdescribedinChapter 2.

Chartplotter Display

Chartplotter Display

Options

Options

1-14 hsb

Chartplotter Display Options

Inadditiontothedisplaysetup options previouslydescribed,chartsetup
options,describedinChapter 7,allowyou to customizethechartby selecting:

• Whatcartographicfeaturesandlevelofdetailaredisplayed.

• Chart orientation(northup,headup orcourse up), datums and positionoffset.

• Howwaypointsare displayed(symbolsand numbers) and the availability
ofchartobjectidentificationdata.

• Vectors for heading, COG and tide.

TheScreenPresentationOptions,describedin Chapter 2allow you to switch
theChartGridOn/OffandCustomChartDetails On/Off.

Note:Whenyou turnthedisplayoff andonagain,the ScreenPresentationset­tingsareretainedin memory.

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

Chart Range

Chart Boundary

Waypoint

Object data box -

for object selected
by cursor

Figure 1-5: Typical Chartplotter Display

Status Bar

Default soft key labels

These can be turned off: press any soft key to redisplay them.
Different labels are displayed when you press a key.

Vessel Position

Cursor -

selecting chart object

Depth Area

Cursor position box

Shows the current
cursor position as
either Range/Bearing
or Lat/Long. You can
move this box to your
preferred position on
the screen or turn it off.

D4275-2

Custom Chart Details

Thechartplottersetupoptionsincludea sub-menu to customize the
cartographicfeatures.ThismenuallowsyoutoswitchfeaturesOn,Off,or
controlthemusingtheCUSTOM soft key.Thefactorydefaultsettingsforthe
Customchartoptionsareas follows:

Chapter 1: 1-15

ON: Charttext,chartboundaries,depthcontours,navigationmarks

andland features.

OFF: Caution and routing data.
CUSTOM: Spot sounding, light sectors, marine features.

Note:The factory default for the CUSTOM settingsisON.

Iconsaredisplayedindetail,depthshadinglimitis10 m and depth contour
displayis0-100 m.

Acompletelistof chart features is given in Appendix C.

Chartplotter Functions

TheChartplotterincludesthefollowingfunctions:

• DisplayC-MAP NT C-Card chart information including Ports and Tides
(ifavailable)

• View chart information (if available) for the Nearest Port

• Place,Move,Eraseand Edit a Waypoint

• GotoWaypoint orCursor

• Create,Save,Name,Editand Follow a Route

Functions

Functions

Chartplotter

Chartplotter

• ReviewRouteandW aypointLists

• Displayvessel’s track;SaveandNamethe Trackforre-calltoscreen

• SmartRoutetomake a track into a route

• MeasureChartDistancesandBearingson-screen

• SetUp Alarms and Timers

• ManOverBoard(MOB) to navigate back to a missingpersonorobject

• DifferentialGPSsetuppage

OperationofthesefunctionsisdescribedinChapter 5and Chapter 6.

1-16 hsb

Operating Controls

Operating Controls

1.5 Operating Controls

You operate the radar and chart using a varietyofcontrols:

• A trackballprovidingup,down,left,right and diagonal controlof an on­screen cursor.

• Ninededicated(labeled)control keys plus threededicatedrotarycontrols.

• Slideradjustments,displayedon-screen,whichyouusewiththerotary
controlstoselectavalue.

• Foursoftkeyswith labels displayedon the screen.

• Pop-upmenus,displayedon-screen,fromwhichyouselectoptions.

• Databaselists,displayedon-screen,whichenableyouto edit items.

Note:The cursor is the cross-hair symbol (+) visibleon the display. You move
thecursorusingthetrackballand useittoselectapositionoritemonthechart.

ThecontrolkeysareshowninFigure 1-6.Theyareback-litfornight-timeuse.
Whenyouuse a control, a help message is displayed at the topof the screen
(unlessyouswitchhelpoffas describedin Chapter 7).The following
paragraphsdescribethecontrolsandon-screenfacilitie s.

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

POWER

Figure 1-6: LCD Display Control Keys

Trackball and Cursor

Thetrackballhasseveralfunctions:

• Tomovethe cursor around the screen

GAIN

SEA

MULTI

ALARMS

ENTER CLEAR MENU

Dedicated keysSoft keysDedicated key

DISPLAY

MARKS

VRM/EBL

RANGE

MOB

Dedicated
keys and knobs

Trackball

• Toselectan item from a pop-up menu

• Toadjusta variablesoftkey control

Chapter 1: 1-17

Thecursorisused to:

• Selectapositiononthe screen.

• Selectanitem,e.g.guardzoneontheradar,chart object on the chartplotter.

• Selectanareaof the radar image to zoom intoorpan the chart display..

Moving the Cursor

You canpressonanyofthefoursectionsofthe trackball tomovethecursorin
thatdirection(up, down,leftorright),or presstwosectionsat thesametimeto
movediagonally. Thecursormoves fasteras you continue to press the
trackball.Thecurrentcursorpositionisshowninthe cursor data box (if
selected).
Thecursoris normally displayedas a crosshair.However, ifyou have not
movedthecursorformore thanfiveseconds,whenyounextmoveitthe cursor
isoutlinedbya circle so it is easier to locate on the screen.

Note:During many operations you cannot move the cursoraroundthe
screen;if youcannotmovethecursorusingthetrackball,checkthedefaultsoft
keysaredisplayed(unlesstheyhave been switched OFF in system set up). If
not,pressENTER until theyaredisplayed.

Trackball and Cursor

Trackball and Cursor

Context-Sensitive Cursor Control

Thecursoris context-sensitive.Whenthecursorispositionedover special
featuresonthedisplaya text label appearstoidentifythefeatureas detailed in
Table 1-3 .

Moving and deleting items with the context-sensitive cursor

Someitemsontheradar/chartplotterscreen have informationassociatedwith
them.Mostinformationisdisplayedina data box. The context-sensitive
cursorallowsyouto move databoxes. It also allows you to moveordelete
otheritems,suchas radar guard zones. Further details of items that can be
movedor deletedare given in the appropriate sectionsthroughoutthis
handbook.

➤ Tomoveanydatabox or selectable item:

1. Use thetrackballto positionthecursorovertheitemuntiltheitem’slabelis
displayed.

2. Press ENTER totakecontrolof the item, use the trackball to move it to the
requiredposition.

3. Press ENTER againtofix the position,or press CLEAR to abandon the
move.

➤ Todeleteanitem:

1. Use thetrackballto positionthecursorovertheitemuntiltheitem’slabelis
displayedthenpressCLEAR.

1-18 hsb

Dedicated Keys

Dedicated Keys

Table 1-3: Context-Sensitive Cursor Text Labels

Text Label Feature Radar/Chart

BOX Data box (any type) Both

MOB Man Over Board marker Both

MRK Radar Mark Both

WPT Chart Waypoint Both

CTR Center of radar Radar

FLT Floating EBL/VRM Radar

GRD Guard zone Radar

MARPA MARPA Target Radar

SHM Ships Heading Marker Radar

VRM/EBL VRM and EBL, 1 or 2 Radar

ZMB Zoom box Radar

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

A

➟B

COG Course Over Ground vector Chart

HDG Heading vector Chart

POS Vessel’s position Chart

RTE Route leg Chart

TIDE Tide vector Chart

Dedicated Keys

The dedicated keys: DISPLAY, MARKS, VRM/EBL, ALARMS, RANGE,
ENTER, CLEAR, MENU and POWER havefixedfunctions;thefunctionsare

similar on allPathfinder displays.For example, ALARMS isused to setup the
systemalarmsonboth a chartplotterand a radar.

Somekeys can be used in twoways:

• Press:Pressthekeymomentarilyandthenreleaseit.Thismethodisused
formostkey operations.

• Pressandhold:Pressthekeyandholdit downforthelengthoftimestated
(forexample,3 seconds),andthenreleaseit.

Whenyou press a dedicated key,oneofthefollowinghappens:

Ruler line Chart

i. The associated operation is actioned, e.g. change chart scale (RANGE).
ii. Apop-upmenu is displayed, providingfurtheroptions.
iii. Asetof soft keys is displayed, providing further functions.

Chapter 1: 1-19

Asyou press a key,asingleaudiobeepconfirmsthe key action. If the key­pressisnotvalidfor the current screen or mode, three rapid beeps sound to
indicatethatnoresponseisavailable.Ifrequired,youcan turn the key beeps
offaspartof your set up procedure (see Chapter 7).

Rotary Controls and On-Screen Sliders

TheGAIN, SEA andMULTI rotary controls are used to manually adjust
variousparameters.Therotarycontrolscanbeturnedandpressed:

• You can turn the rotarycontroltoadjusttheselectedparameter. Whenthe
controlisuseda slider,displayedalongside,indicates its value.

• You press the MULTIcontrol todisplaya listof options:the adjustment
sliderisdisplayedalongside the control as illustratedbelow. Use the track­balltohighlighttherequiredoption.

Note:Some parameters, such as GAIN, must be settomanual (usingthe soft
keys)beforeyoucan adjustits value using the rotary control.

GAIN

DISPLAY

SEA

MOB

TUNE

CONT
BRILL
LIGHTS
RAIN
FTC
ALARM
TUNE

36%

MULTI

ALARMS

MARKS

VRM/EBL

RANGE

On-Screen Sliders

On-Screen Sliders

Rotary Controls and

Rotary Controls and

Figure 1-7: CRT Display Rotary Controls

Ifyoudo not use the rotarycontrolfor7seconds,theslider and menu are
removed from the display.

Soft Keys

Thefourkeys below the screen are called soft keys because their functions
changeaccordingtotheoperation.Thesoftkeys are grouped into related sets
andsubsetsprovidingaccesstothevariousfunctions.Thesoftkey labels are
displayedonthescreenjustabovethekeys.Thedefaultsoftkeysaredisplayed
untilyoupressa key,orselectanitemonthescreen;thesoftkeys associated
withtheactionarethen displayed.

POWER

GAIN

AUTO MAN

SEA

AUTO MAN

TUNE

AUTO MAN

ENTER CLEAR MENU

D4112-1

1-20 hsb

Pop-Up Menus

Pop-Up Menus

TARGETS SCREENHDG MODE

Thecurrentlyselectedsoftkeyoptionis shownbyitsgreenbackground.Ifthe
keytextis displayedin gray rather than in black, it is not currentlyavailable.

Whenyou press a soft key oneofthefollowinghappens:

i. The associated operation is actioned, e.g. NORTH UP.
ii. Asub-setofsoftkeys is displayed, providingfurtherfunctions.
iii. Apop-upmenuis displayed,providingfurtheroptions.

Aswith dedicatedkeys,when you press a soft key a singleaudiobeep
confirmsthekeyaction.Ifthe key-pressis not valid for the current screen or
mode,threerapidbeepssound to indicate that no response is available. If
required,youcanturnthe key beeps off as part of your setupprocedure(see
Chapter 7).

Pop-Up Menus

Pop-upmenususuallyprovide set up options. When a pop-upmenuison­screen, a set of associated soft keys is also displayed as shown in Figure 1-8.

RDR CHRT

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

D4152-2

You use the trackball to select an option from the menu,thenusethe
appropriatesoftkeytoset the option. For example, you can toggle the OFF
TRACK ALARM on/off.

ALARMS SET UP

ARRIVAL ALARM

OFF TRACK ALARM

ANCHOR ALARM

GROUNDING ALARM

COUNTDOWN TIMER

ALARM CLOCK

SELECT ARRIVAL

ALARM RADIUS

0.01nm

ON

OFF

5M/1.0nm

00:33:00

OFF

D4265-4

Figure 1-8: Typical Pop-up Menu

Chapter 1: 1-21

Database Lists

Thewaypoints,routesandtracksthatyoucreateonthechartplotterare stored
indatabaselists.You can view these lists and selectitemsforediting.

WAYPOINT LIST

SYMBOL NAME

WAYPOINT 001

WAYPOINT 002

WAYPOINT 003

WAYPOINT 004

WAYPOINT 005

POSITION

BRG _186°

TEMP

---°

DATE

--/--/--

50°21^966N
001°20^368W

RNG _21.0nm

C

DEPTH

TIME

m

---

--:--:--

Database Lists

Database Lists

GOTO

WAYPOINT

EDIT

WAYPOINT

MAKE NEW
WAYPOINT

WAYPOINT
TRANSFER

D4262-2

Figure 1-9: Typical Database List

Aswith pop-up menus, when a database list is on-screen,asetofassociated
softkeysisalsodisplayed;you use the trackballtoselectanitemfromthelist,
thenusetheappropriatesoft key toedittheitem.Forexample,you can erase a
waypointora route.

1-22 hsb

Database Lists

Database Lists

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

Chapter 2: Getting Started & Adjusting the Display 2-1

Chapter 2: Getting Started & Adjusting the

Display

2.1 Introduction

Thischapterprovidesinformationandinstructionstogetyoustarted using
yourdisplay. Itwillhelpyouto become familiar with the display and the
functionsofthecontrolsbeforeyoustartusingthe unit. More detailed
informationonoperatingtheradardisplayisprovidedinChapter 3and

Chapter 4.ChartplotteroperatingdetailsaregiveninChapter 5and
Chapter 6.

Conventions Used

Throughoutthishandbook,thededicated(labelled)keysareshownin bold
capitals;forexample,MENU.Thesoftkeyfunctions,menunamesand
optionsareshownin normal capitals; for example, SCREEN.

Operatingprocedures,whichmayconsistofa singlekey-pressor a sequence
ofnumberedsteps,areindicatedby a ➤ symbol inthemargin.
Whentheprocedure requiresyoutopressa softkey, the softkeyiconis shown
in the margin.

Introduction

Simulator

Thedisplayunitincludesa simulatorfunction,thatallowsyou to practice
operatingyourradarorChartplotterwithoutdatafromthescanneror GPS
system.You will need to use thesetupoptionsto switch the display to
simulatormode,asdescribedinSection 2.2. Y oucanuse it in either of two
ways:

• Beforethedisplayunithasbeen installedon your vessel. In this case, you

• Afterthedisplayhasbeeninstall edon your vessel, but while in the marina

Thefollowingsection,Section 2.2, includesinstructionstoviewsimulated
radarandchartimages.

onlyneedto connect the display to a 12V or24V DC power supply,con­nectingtheredcorefrom the power lead to positive (+) and theblackcore
tonegative(-).SeeChapter 8 forfulldetails.

orat anchor.

2-2 hsb

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

2.2 Switching the Display On and Off

Ifyouhave a combined Radar/Chartplotter,thefactorydefaultpower -up

Switching the Display

On and Off

modeisradar.Onceyouhaveusedthedisplayunititpowers-upinthelastused
mode.The followingsectionsdescribethepower-upsequenceinradarand
chartmodes,howto adjust the lighting and how to selectsimulatormode.

Radar Mode

Thissectionexplainshowtoswitchthe radar display and scanner on and off,
andhowto switch the scanner between Transmit,StandbyandScannerOff
mode.

Younormallyoperateyour radarintransmitmode, butyoucanusethe display
unitwithoutthescanneroperatingasfollows:

Standbymode:You should use this mode when youarenot operatingthe
radarforshorttime periods.The scanner does not transmit and the antenna
doesnotrotate,so the radar uses less power.However,thescannerremains
poweredsowhen youreturntotransmitmode,themagnetrondoes notneedto
warmup.

Scanneroffmode: You shouldusethismodewhen you do not requirethe
radar,but youareusingthedisplayunit say,forchart data ortoviewdatafrom
anothersource.Scanneroffmoderemovespowerfrom the scanner.

➤ Toswitchthedisplayon,pressandhold the POWER key untiltheunitbeeps.

Iftheunit waslastusedinRadarmode,thekeyslightup,thedisplayshowsthe
Pathfindergraphic,followedbythestart-upinformationillustratedbelow,and
the radar starts the magnetron warm-up sequence.

GAIN

SEA

MULTI

ALARMS

DISPLAY

MOB

MARKS

VRM/EBL

RANGE

Magnetron warm-up
countdown timer, showing
the number of seconds
remaining before the
radar is ready for use

Software version
numbers

RINGS

WARMING UP

POWER

Until unit beeps

Figure 2-1: Switching on the Radar Display

ENTER CLEAR MENU

D3636-3

Chapter 2: Getting Started & Adjusting the Display 2-3

After70seconds,when the magnetron warm-up sequence is complete, the
Standbyscreenisdisplayed,withthetextSTANDBY and a prompt to press the
POWER keytoenterTran smitmode.

➤ ToswitchtheradarscannerfromStand-bymodetoTransmitmode,pressthe

POWER key.
Thescannertransmitspulsedenergywhileitrotates,andtheantennasweep

buildsuptheradarpicture using echoes returnedfrom targets.

GAIN

RINGS

Your vessel's
position

SEA

MULTI

ALARMS

DISPLAY

MOB

MARKS

VRM/EBL

RANGE

On and Off

Switching the Display

POWER

ENTER CLEAR MENU

Figure 2-2: Radar Transmit Mode

➤ Youcan switchonand adjust the display backlighting and contrast as

describedlaterinthischapter.

➤ ToswitchtoStand-bymode,press the POWER key.

Thedisplayreturnstothe Stand-byscreen,andthe scannertransmissionand
rotationstops.

➤ TouseScanneroffmode:

1. Ensure that the radar isinStandbymode,warmingup,or (if the unit is a
Repeater)displayingamessagethatradardataisnot available.

2. Press theCLEAR key.The messageSTANDBY. RADAR DATA NOT AVAILABLE
appearsintheradarpicture.The scanner is powered down and thetimer,if
running,iscleared.

T oreturn to radar operation, press the POWER key.The warm-up countdown
isdisplayedandtheradargoesintoStandbymode.YoupressPOWER againto
switch to Transmit mode when required.

D3637-3

2-4 hsb

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

Chart Mode

➤ Toswitchthedisplayon,pressandhold the POWER keyuntiltheunitbeeps.

Switching the Display

On and Off

Ifthedisplaywas last used in chartplotter mode, the keys light up andthe
Raychartgraphicisdisplayed,followedbythecaution:

CAUTION:

Raychartchartdisplaysarebasedoncartographicdatathat
C-MAPbelievestobeaccurate.However, you shouldnotrelyonthese
displaysasyourprimarysourceofnavigation.Rather, your Raychart
shouldbeusedonly as a backuptoofficialgovernmentchartsand
traditionalmethodsofnavigation.

Whenyouhaveread andunderstoodthecaution, pressthe CONTINUE softkey.
The chart is displayed.
Ifthisisthe first time the chartplotterhas been turned on, and no chart card is
installed,thedisplayshowsthesmall-scaleworldmapand the default soft
keys.Otherwise,thedisplayshowstheselectedchartareaand any data that
weredisplayedwhenthedisplaywas last used.

Switch Off

➤ Toswitchthescanneranddisplayunitoff,pressandholdthePOWER key for

threeseconds.Acountdowntimer is displayedas shown below:

GAIN

DISPLAY

SEA

MOB

MARKS

Countdown timer:
number of seconds
to power off

POWER

MULTI

VRM/EBL

RANGE

ALARMS

ENTER CLEAR MENU

3

SECONDS

D3638-2

Figure 2-3: Switch Off

Whenthe counterreacheszeroa beep sounds, and the display unit switches
off.ReleasethePOWER key.

Note:Switchthe display unit off before you remove the powercord.

Chapter 2: Getting Started & Adjusting the Display 2-5

Note:You do not need to changetoStandbymodebeforeturningoff the dis­play:ifyouturnthe radar displayoffwhileitisinTransmitmode, the scanner
isalsode-activated.

Simulator Mode

Whensimulatormode is on a simulator data box isdisplayed.
Whenthedisplay isswitchedoffthenonagain,simulatormodeismaintained.

Itisrecommendedthatyou select the System Set Up Menuandswitchoff
simulatormodewhenyou have finished.

Simulator Mode

MENU

SYSTEM

SET UP¬

➤ Toviewasimulatedimage:

1. Press MENU followedbytheSYSTEM SET UP soft key.
Thesetup menu pop-up is displayed.

2. Usethetrackballtomovetheselectionbarover theoptionSIMULATOR.The
simulatorsoftkeysaredisplayed.

3. In the system setupmenu, press RADAR toviewa simulatedradarimage,
DATA toviewthechartdisplaywithsimulatedposition,orBOTH toview
simulatedradarandchartdata.

4. Press ENTER twicetoreturnto the default display.

Note:Any waypoints placed on the chartplotter in simulator mode are re­tainedinthedatabase list and are available for use in routes.

Lighting, Brilliance and Contrast

You can change the levels of brilliance and contrast for the screen and the key
lighting.Thefactorydefaultforcontrastandbrillianceis40%;undernormal
daylightconditionsvaluesintherange40-50%are adequate.If you need to
changethecontrastandbrilliancebeawareof the following:

• ExcessivesettingsforprolongedperiodswilldamagetheCRT. The
newcontrastandbrilliancelevelsareretaineduntilyouresetthem,unless
yousetthe controlverylow(30%) orveryhigh(70%); inthiscase,the con­trast/brillianc ewillberestoredto40%whenyouturnthedisplayoffandon
again.

• Excessivecontrastusedtocompensateforlowbrilliancedamagesthe
CRT, also excessive brillianceused to compensate for low contrast
reducesthesharpnessofthe image.

Brillianceandcontrastshouldthereforebesettowithin10% of each
other.

and Contrast

2-6 hsb

➤ Tochangethelighting,brightnessandcontrast:

1. PresstheMULTI rotary control todisplaytheMultimenu.Usethetrackball
tohighlighttherequiredoption.

Lighting, Brilliance

GAIN

SEA

GAIN

AUTO MAN

SEA

AUTO MAN

TUNE

AUTO MAN

TUNE

CONT
BRILL
LIGHTS
RAIN
FTC
ALARM
TUNE

36%

MULTI

ALARMS

DISPLAY

MOB

MARKS

VRM/EBL

RANGE

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

POWER

ENTER CLEAR MENU

D4112-1

Figure 2-4: CRT Display - MULTI Rotary Control Operation

2. Turnthe MULTI key to movethe sliderup or down. The lighting,contrast
orbrilliancechangesasyou turn the knob, so that you canseetheeffectof
youradjustment.

3. When you have set the control to the level you require,eitherusethetrack­balltomove to the next option you wish tochange,orpressENTER or
CLEAR to clear the control display.

Thedisplayreturnstothe previous display,withthe new setting.

Thenew lightinglevelis retaineduntilyou reset it and is remembered when
youturnoffthedisplay.

CAUTION:

Anexcessivecontrastorbrightnesssettingforprolongedperiodswill
reducethelifeofthe CRTdisplayand will unnecessarily increasepower
consumption.

Screen Saver

Whena bright image is left in oneplaceon the phosphor for some time, the
lightoutputof that portionof the phosphor is marginally reduced. Phosphor
damageisnoticeableasa slight trace of a previous image when anewpicture
isdisplayed.Theunitis equipped with a screen saving facility to assist with
protectingthe CRTtubefromthisdamage.Thescreensaver movesthepicture
slightlywithinthesurround,whichmaybe noticeable as an occasional small
horizontalorverticaldisplacementofthepicture.Theeffectisintentional.

Chapter 2: Getting Started & Adjusting the Display 2-7

2.3 Controlling the Display

You control the display using the cursor and control keys. Youstartall
operationsfromthedefaultscreen,thatisthe defaultsoftkeys are displayed:

Chart

GOTO SCREENROUTE FIND SHIP

D4160-1

Radar

Display

Controlling the

TARGETS SCREENHDG MODE

Whenyouhave completed an action using the soft keys, press ENTER or
CLEAR to returntothe default screen;you may need to press ENTER or
CLEAR several times to back-trackthroughthesoftkey hierarchy .

Note:If you have set up your systemsothatthe defaultsoftkeys are not dis­playedallthe time, press any soft key to display the labels.

Theremainderofthis section describeshow to select the mode of operation
andswitchhalf-screenwindowson/off.Thefollowingsectionsdescribehow
tosetup the display for the Radar and fortheChart.

Thecontrolsaresummarizedinthefold-outillustrationonpages 2-11
and2-12.

Selecting the Mode of Operation

You use the DISPLAY keyto selectthe full-screenmode.
Ifthe data is available on your system, the following modes (described on

OperatingModeson page 1-6) can be selected:

•Radar

•Chart

MARPA

D4152-3

•Datalog

TheDISPLAY keyalso accessesthe soft keys for the half-screen window
options.

2

hsb

Note:If your

displaysystemincludesaFishfinderdisplay,refertothe

Owner’sHandbooksuppliedwithyourFishfinderfor operatingdetails.

Selecting the Mode of

Operation

2-8 hsb

➤ Tochange themode,pressthe DISPLAY keytoshowtheDISPLAY pop-up,then

DISPLAY

pressagaintocyclethroughthe modes available,shown in the Figure 2-5.

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

Figure 2-5: Using the DISPLAY Key

Theselectedmodeis shown by an icon witharedborderand the mode is
displayedonthescreen.The associated half-screenwindowsoftkeysarealso
displayed.

Whenthe requiredmode is shown, press ENTER orCLEAR. The default soft
keysaredisplayed.Theselectedmodeis shown full-screen; in Radar and
Chartmodeyou can switch on half-screen windows for additional display,as
describedinthefollowingsection.

IfyoupressDISPLAY again,thepop-upand soft keysforthecurrentmode are
shown.

Selecting a Half-Screen Window for Display

Note:Windows can only be used with Radaror Chart screens, they are not
availableonthedatalog screen.

➤ Toselectawindowfordisplay:

1. From the full-screenRadarorChartmode,presstheDISPLAY key.The
followingsoftaredisplayedwithan image of each available window:

Chapter 2: Getting Started & Adjusting the Display 2-9

Radar:

DISPLAY

WINDOWS

OFF ON

SELECT

WINDOWS

ZOOM...

D4208-2

Chart

DISPLAY

WINDOWS

OFF ON

SELECT

WINDOWS

D4156-2

2. Toselectadifferentwindow, presseither SELECT WINDOWS softkeyuntil
therequiredwindowishighlighted.Ifnecessary, this will toggle windows
on.PressENTER.

3. Totogglewindowsoff,presstheWINDOWS OFF ON soft key.

Figure 2-6 shows the half-screen horizontal windows (in radar mode).

Switching Control Between Radar & Chart Screens

Ina combined or an integrated system, to switchcontrolbetweenradarand
chart,youcanchangethe full-screenmodeusingthe DISPLAY key .
Alternatively, when you havebothradarandchart displayedin half-screen
windowsthesoftkeyRDR CHRT letsyou toggle operatingcontrolbetweenthe
radarandthe chart window.

Operation

Selecting the Mode of

DISPLAY

Ifa window is active, i.e. control of the cursor via the trackballisavailablein
thatwindow, andyouswitchwindows off,controlautomatically returnstothe
full-screen(upperwindow)mode.

Radar:

TARGETS MORE¬HDG MODE

RDR CHRT

D5668_1

Chart:

GOTO MORE¬ROUTE

RDR CHRT

D4168-1

➤ Tochangetheactivewindow, press the RDR CHRT softkeytotogglecontrol

betweentheradarandchart display.The current active display is highlighted
in red on the RDR CHRT labelandthecursorappearsinthatwindow.

Returning to the Full-Screen Display

To returntothefull-screendisplayyoucanturn windows off,as previously
described.Alternatively, to return to full-screen display:

➤ Press and hold theDISPLAY keyfor2 seconds to return to the currently

selectedfull-screen(upperwindow)display

2-10 hsb

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

Selecting the Mode of

Operation

CDI Window

WINDOWS

OFF ON

SELECT
WINDOW

ZOOM

OFF ON

BDI Window

WINDOWS

OFF ON

SELECT
WINDOW

ZOOM

OFF ON

Navdata Window Chart Window

WINDOWS

OFF ON

SELECT
WINDOW

ZOOM

OFF ON

WINDOWS

OFF ON

Figure 2-6: Radar Half-Screen Window Options

SELECT
WINDOW

RDR CHRT

ZOOM

OFF ON

D4150-1

Chapter 2: Getting Started & Adjusting the Display 2-11

FOLD OUT SHEET RADAR

Operation

Selecting the Mode of

Selecting the Mode of

Operation

2-12 hsb

FOLD OUT SHEET CHAR T

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

Chapter 2: Getting Started & Adjusting the Display 2-13

Customizing the Screen Presentation Options

TheSCREEN softkeyletsyouswitchthefollowingscreenpresentationoptions
onor off:

Radar:

SCREEN

SCREEN

CRSR BOX

OFF ON

BOX

CRSR BOX

OFF ON

RNGE RNGS

OFF ON

DATABOXES

OFF ON

WAYPOINT

OFF ON

D3643-2

Chart:

CRSR BOX

OFF ON

CHRT GRID

OFF ON

DATABOXES

OFF ON

CUSTOM
OFF ON

D4177-1

Switching the Cursor Data Box On and Off

Thecursordata boxprovidesthecursor’s positioninlatitude/longitudeand/or
bearing/range.Ifyouwishtoseea full image, you can switch the data box off.

➤ Tocontrolthecursordatabox:

1. Press the SCREEN softkey.

2. PresstheCRSR BOX softkeytotogglethesettingfromOFF to ON orfromON
to OFF.

3. Toreturntothedefaultsoftkeydisplay, pressENTER.

➤ Youcanusethecontext sensitivecursorto selectandmovethecursor databox

(thelabelBOX is displayed).SeeMovinganddeletingitemswiththe context-
sensitive cursor onpage 1- 17

Options

Customizing the

Screen Presentation

SCREEN

RNGE RNGS

OFF ON

Switching Radar Range Rings or Chart Grid On and Off

Theradarrange rings can be turned on or off.Theyarenormallylefton, but
youmaywish toturnthemoffifyouare usingVRM/EBLsorguard zones(see
Section 3.4 andSection 3.5) to make the display clearer.

TheChartplotterdisplayincludesgridlinesoflatitudeandlongitudewhich
youcan use to help determine position on the chart. The grid linescanbe
switched on if required.

IfyouareinChartmodetheRNGE RNGS softkeyisreplacedby the CHRT GRID
soft key .

➤ Toturntherangeringsor chart grid on or off:

1. Press the SCREEN defaultsoftkey.

2. Press theRANGE RINGS or the CHRT GRID softkey totogglethesettingfrom
OFF toON orfrom ON toOFF.

To returntothedefaultsoftkeydisplay, pressENTER.

Options

Screen Presentation

2-14 hsb

Data Boxes

Agroupofuptosix databoxescanbedisplayed,if theinformationisavailable
onyour system. You select which dataisdisplayedinthe boxes during

Customizing the

systemsetupas described in Chapter 7:Setting Up the SystemDefaults.

Thedefaultdata box positions are along the bottom of the display. Each box
canbemovedtotherequiredpositiononthescreenusingthecontext-s ensi tive
cursor.

Note:Ifyouselect BDI,CDIorNavDatafor displayinahalf-screenwindow,
thedataboxesare temporarilyhidden.

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

SCREEN

SCREEN

DATABOXES

OFF ON

BOX

Atanytime, you can switchthe groupof databoxesonoroffusingtheSCREEN
softkey. Whenfirstinstalled,theboxesare allOFF.Whenthedisplayunitis
switchedoffand on again,thedataboxesreturn to theirlast-usedstates(ON or
OFF)and positions.

Note:The SCREEN softkeydoes not control the sixteen data boxes that can be
displayedinthehalf-screenwindow.

➤ Toswitchthegroupofdata boxes on or off:

1. Press the SCREEN defaultsoftkey.

2. Press the DATABOXES softkeytotogglethesettingfromON toOFF or from
OFF toON.

To returntothedefaultsoftkeydisplay, pressENTER.
Ifyouturn the data boxes on and none aredisplayed,youneed to select the

onesyourequireusingthe system set up menu, as describedinSection 7.3,
SystemSetUp Parameters.

➤ Youcan usethecontextsensitivecursortoselectand move any data box (the

label BOX isdisplayed).See Movingand deleting items with the context-
sensitive cursor onpage 1- 17

Waypoint Display - Radar mode

SCREEN

WAYPOINT

OFF ON

Ifyouare currently going to a waypoint, you can displaytheactivewaypoint
onthe radar picture.The waypoint may have been generated locally on the
chartplotter, orreceivedviatheSeaTalk orNMEAinterface.

Note:Ifyou usetheGOTO CURSOR function,theactivecursorisdisplayedas a
lollipopsymbolontheradar.

➤ Todisplaytheactivewaypoint:

1. Press the SCREEN softkey.

2. Press the WAYPOINT soft key totogglethesettingON.

To returntothedefaultsoftkeydisplay, pressENTER.

Chapter 2: Getting Started & Adjusting the Display 2-15

Thestandardradarpictureisdisplayedagain, with the activewaypointjoined
toyourvessel’ sposition by adottedline.If the waypoint is off-screen,the
dottedlineisextendedto the edge of the radar picture.

Active waypoint

D3989-2

Figure 2-7: Active Waypoint on a Radar Display

Custom Options - Chart mode

Whenchartdetailshavebeen customizedinthe Chart Set Up menu (as
describedin Section 7.7)theSCREEN softkeycanbeusedto switchthecustom
chartoptionsofforon:
Whenset to ON, all chart options set to CUSTOM inthe CustomizeChartmenu
aredisplayed;whensetto OFF, options settoCUSTOM are not shown.

Options

Customizing the

Screen Presentation

SCREEN

CUSTOM
OFF ON

Thefactorydefaultforcustomchartoptionsis ON.

➤ Toswitchthecustomizedoptionsonoroff:

1. Press the SCREEN defaultsoftkey.

2. Press the CUSTOM softkey to toggle the setting from OFF toON orfromON
to OFF.

To returntothedefaultsoftkeydisplay, pressENTER.

2-16 hsb

2.4 Radar Display Control Functions

Thissectiondescribeshowtouse the radar controls to:

Radar Disp lay Control

Functions

Using the Zoom Function

• Usethe zoom functionto enlargeaselectedarea.

• Offsetthecenteroftheradardisplay.

• Momentarilyhidetheship’sheadingmarker(SHM).

Ifyou wish to see a section of the radarpictureinmoredetail,youcanuse the
Zoomfunctiontomagnifytheselectedareato twice its size. There are two
zoomoptions:

• ZoomInto-Theenlargedareaisdisplayedinaquarter -screen ZoomWin-

dowin the lower right corner of the screen. A boxin the originalradarpic­tureindicatestheenlargedarea;youcanmovethisusing the context­sensitivecursor, therebychangingtheimageinthe Zoom Window.

Note: If the areayouwishtoenlarge is inthequarterofthe screenthatwillbe
coveredbytheZoom Window, you should offset the center (see the nextsec­tion)tomove the area to another part of thescreenbeforeselectingZoom
mode.

• ZoomFrom- The enlargedareaisdisplayedin themainwindow, with the

originalradarpictureinaquarter-screenwindowinthelowerrightcorner
ofthescreen.Aboxintheoriginalradarpictureindicatestheenlargedarea;
youcanmovethis usingthecontext-sensitivecursor,therebychanging the
zoomedimage.

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

Note: YoucannotuseZoom andWindowsatthe sametime:if youturnoneon,
theotheristurned off automatically,andrestoredwhenthelatter isturnedoff
again.

➤ Toenlargeanarea:

1. Press the DISPLAY key.Thesoftkeysare updated.

DISPLAY

WINDOWS

OFF ON

SELECT

WINDOWS

ZOOM...

D4208-2

2. Press the ZOOM sof tkey todisplaythefollowingsoftkeys

x4

x2

ZOOM OFFINTO WIN FROM WIN

D4188-2

Chapter 2: Getting Started & Adjusting the Display 2-17

3. Press the required zoom option soft key, INTO WIN orFROM WIN.
Thesoftkeys are cleared, and the cursor has control of thezoombox that
indicatestheareatobeenlarged.ThisisindicatedbythelettersZMB in
inversevideo,andthefour-headedcursorsymbol.Thezoom box defaults
toitslast-usedpositionsincepower-on.

4. Use the trackballtomovethezoom box to the required area, then press
ENTER. The selected area is shown in enlarged format, either in the quar­ter-screenZoomwindow(INTO WIN)orinthemain window (FROM WIN).

PressDISPLAY thenENTER toexittheZoom mode.
Alternatively, you can press and holdDISPLAY for2seconds.

➤ Youcan usethecontextsensitivecursortoselectand move the enlargedarea

ZMB

inviewin the window (the label ZMB isdisplayed).SeeMovingand deleting
itemswiththecontext-sensitivecursoronpage 1-17

Offsetting the Center

RINGS

3nm

BRG

RNG

CURSOR

033° R

1.78nm

1/2

126°T

Figure 2-8: Radar Display Zoom Window

Offsetting the Center

Theradarpictureis normally shown with your vessel at the centerofthe
display. However,you canmovethe center,sothatyourvesselisoffsetbyup
to66% of the radius, anywhere on thescreen.

RM RV3

AUTO

H-UP

T

ZMB

RADAR ZOOM ( x2 )

IR

Zoom Box, indicating the
enlarged area. You can move this
using the context-sensitive cursor,
to change the image in the Zoom
Window

Zoom Box cursor text

Zoom Window, providing a
times 2 enlargement of the area
shown in the Zoom Box

D3972-2

Note:You cannot offsetthecenter when the radar display is set to the longest
rangescale.

2-18 hsb

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

➤ Youuse thecontextsensitivecursortoselectandmovethe centerof the radar

CTR

Hiding the Ship’s

Heading Marker

(SHM)

picture(thelabelCTR isdisplayed). See Moving anddeletingitemswiththe
context-sensitivecursoronpage 1-17

DEPTH

14.4m

Bearing scale markers
adjusted to point
towards the offset
centre position

203°

01h:30m

WPT

T 1.20nm

Offset centre

D3973-1

Figure 2-9: Radar Display with an Offset Center

➤ Toreturnthecenteroftheradarpicturetothecenterofthe screen,selectthe

CTR

centerpoint(CTR ) then press theCLEAR key. The center is always reset to the
centerofthedisplay when you turn on the Radardisplay.

Note:Whenthe center is offset, additional range rings are displayed to the
edgeofthe radarpicture,atthe standardringintervalfor thecurrentrange.If
youhaveselectedthelongestrangescale,you cannot offset the center.

Hiding the Ship’s Heading Marker (SHM)

Theradarpictureincludestheship’sheading marker,whichisalinefromyour
vessel’s positiontotheedgeof the picture at the vessel’scurrentheading.In
thestandardHeadUp mode, the heading marker is always a verticalline.

Ifyouwish to check for small targets that may be hidden undertheheading
marker,you canhide it momentarilyusingthe context-sensitivecursor.

➤ Tohidetheheadingmarker:

1. Position the cursor over the headingmarker,sothat the text SHM isdis­played.

2. Press and hold CLEAR. The headingmarkerishiddenuntilyou release the
CLEAR key.

Chapter 2: Getting Started & Adjusting the Display 2-19

2.5 Chart Display Control Functions

Moving Around the Chart

You will normally operate the chartplotter with the chart showingyour
vessel’s currentlocation.ThedefaultorientationisNorth-Up,andthevessel
movesacrossthescreen. You will needtomovethechartifyour vesselmoves
outofthe area currently displayed,or if you wish to examine orplace
waypointsinanotherarea.Alternatively, you canhome the cursor onto the
vesselusingFIND SHIP.

Thereare four ways in which you canmove the chart:

• Usethetrackballtomovethecursortotheedge of the chart. The chart will
panacross.Thismethodisusefuliftheareayouwishtoseeisonlyjustoff
the screen.

• Usethe context-sensitivecursortochangethechartcenter .

• Automaticallyre-centerthevesselusingtheFIND SHIP softkey.

• Changethechart scaletozoomoutand in toanewareacentered onthecur­sorposition.Thismethodisusefulif the area you wish to seeisalong dis­tance away.

Functions

Chart Display Control

Changing the Chart Center

You can move theareaofthechart displayedon the screen using the context­sensitivecursor. This allowsyouto centeryour vessel in the middle of the
screen,ortomove the chart so that your vessel isdisplayedoff-cent er
anywhereonthe screen.

➤ Tocenter the chart:

1. Usethetrackballtomovethe cursortothevessel’s position.Thecursortext

POS

POS

POS isdisplayed.

2. Press CLEAR. The chart is moved so thatyourvessel’ sposition is in the
centerofthescreen.

➤ Youuse thecontextsensitivecursortoselectandmoveyourvessel’ sposition

off-center(the labelPOS is displayed).SeeMovinganddeletingitemswiththe
context-sensitivecursoronpage 1-17.

Chart

2-20 hsb

Moving Around the

D4278-1

Figure 2-10: Changing the Chart Center

Using FIND SHIP

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

FIND SHIP isusedin chartmodetore-drawthechartwiththevesselatthecenter

andthecursorhomed onto the vessel.

GOTO SCREENROUTE FIND SHIP

D4160-1

Whenyou press FIND SHIP the following occur:

• Thechartis re-drawnwith the vessel’spositioninthecenter.

• Thecursorishomed onto the vessel position and moves with it.

• Whenthe vessel moves near the edge of thechartwindow,the chart is
redrawntoplacethevesseland cursor at the center again.

• Thestatusbarindicatesvesselposition,speedandcourseover ground.

➤ Toreleasethecursorfromhomedmodepressthetrackpadtrackballtomove

thecursorawayfrom the vessel’scurrentposition.The statusbarshowsthe
cursorposition,rangeandbearing.

Synchronize the Radar and Chart

Ifyouhave a combined radar/chartplotterdisplay, withchartandradar
windowson and you have selected Radar/Chart Synch in Chart Set Up
(Section 7.7, Chart Set Up Parameters),FIND SHIP can beusedtosynchronize
theradarand chart images. When you press FIND SHIP thefollowingoccur:

• Thechartis redrawn sothatitscenter positionmatchesthatof theradardis­play.

Chapter 2: Getting Started & Adjusting the Display 2-21

• Theradaris redrawn to the scale and heading mode ofthe chart.

• Theradaris set to Truemotionso that the radar and chart images remain
synchronisedasthevesselmoves.

Note:Dependingon the topology of the coastline, the radar returns may not
relatetothechartedshoreline,theradarimagewillthereforebedifferentto
thechartdisplay.For example,agentlysloping beachwithacliffseveral hun­dredmetresbeyondthe chartedcoastline,thecliffis not shown on the chart
butwill be displayed on the radar image.

Changing the Chart Scale

TheRANGE keyallows you tochangethechart scale so that you can see a
smallerorlargerareaonthescreen.

Plottermodeisavailabletoallowyou to zoom into a smallerarea,evenwhen
nochartdata is availableforthatscale.Section 7.7describeshow tosetplotter
modeon/off.

You can change the chartscalefortwopurposes:

• Tosee eithermoredetail(of a smaller area)or a larger area (in less detail)
onthe screen.

Chart

Moving Around the

• Tomovethedisplaytoanotherarea of the chart, by zooming out to a small
scalechart,thenzoomingin on another position centeredon the cursor.

Thecartographicdetailavailableonchartsvariesaccordingtothechartscale
andsomeareas includedetailat smallerscalesthanothers.This can cause
blankareasonthe displaywhen adjacent areas with differentlevelsofdetail
aredisplayed.To reducethisaffectyoucanusetheChart Set Up options (see
Section 7.7)toset chartdisplaydetailtosimple.Then, asyouzoomin, charted
areasaredisplayedbutwith less detailshown.

Eachtime you press the RANGE key, the chart scale changes to thenext
availablesetting.Thestatusbarindicatesthedistancefromtoptobottomof
thescreen,innauticalmiles.

Vertical distance
displayed on chart

6nm

Status Bar

CSR 50 45'980N
POS 001 01'490W

D4175_1

RANGE

Increases the
chart distance

Decreases the
chart distance

Figure 2-11: Changing the Chart Scale

2-22 hsb

➤ Tochangethescalequickly, pressand hold the required arrowonthe RANGE

key.

RANGE

Moving Around the

Thedistanceindicatorattheleft-handendof the status bar is updated
wheneveryouchangethe chart scale.

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

Chart

RANGE

➤ Tozoomintoa larger-scale(moredetailed)chart:

1. Use the trackball to position the cursor in the area you wish to see in more
detail.

2. Press the lower partoftheRANGE key to zoom into the area.
Thesectionofthechartaroun dthe cursor is enlargedtofillthe screenwith

alarger-scalechart showing moredetail.Thecursorisnow positioned in
the center of the screen.

Thedistanceindicatedatthetop left of the screen is updated.

3. If further chart enlargement is availableusing the current chart card you
canpressthebottom of the RANGE keytozoom in again, re-positioning
the cursor first if required.

Anarea of further chart detail is indicated by a box around the areaas
shownin Figure 2-12.

Chart Boundary ­indicates further
detail is available inside

Figure 2-12: Chart Boundaries

4. When no furtherchartdetailisavailable,asyoupress the bottom of the
RANGE key,theeffectdependsonwhetherPlotterModeis on or off as
follows:

D4279-1

Chapter 2: Getting Started & Adjusting the Display 2-23

• IfPlotterModeis Off,the chart scale remains unchanged,indicating

thesmallestchartscaleisdisplayed.

Note:If PlotterMode is Off and the cursorishomedtothe vessel (see
Using FIND SHIP onpage 2-20),ifthevessel movesoutsideanar ea of
availablecartography, thechartwillautomaticallyre-scaletothenext
rangewithcartography.

• IfPlotterMode isOn,thescaleis decreasedandthemessageNO CHART

DATA isdisplayed.Thevessel,waypoints,routesandtracklinesaredis-

playedwithoutcartography.

Thechartinformationisrestoredwhenyou returntoachartscaleforwhichthe
information is available.

RANGE

➤ Tozoomouttoasmaller-scale(lessdetailed)chart,simplypresstheupperpart

oftheRANGE keyasmanytimesasrequired.

2.6 Typical Chart Scenarios

Thefollowingillustrationsprovideoperatingguidelinesfortypicalnavigation
scenarios.These scenarioscanbeusedas atrainingguide;they showyouhow
toperforma particularoperationandtheyintroducemanyof the chartplotter
functions.

Eachscenarioindicatesthekey pressesrequiredtoperformparticulartasks.A
typicalchartplotterscreenimageisshownforeachtask.

Thescenariosassumeyou have read the previous sections of this chapter and
thatyouare familiar with the Operating Controls. Full operatingdetailsfor
eachfunctionareprovidedinChapter 5and Chapter 6.

Typical Chart

Scenarios

Operatingguidelinesareprovidedforthefollowingscenarios:

• WorkingwithWaypoints
PlaceaWa ypoint
Gotoa Waypoi nt

• Makeand Follow a Route
CreateaRoute
Followa Route

• ReviewthePassagePlan
Vi ewRouteInformation
Changethe SOG, Hours and ETA.

• DisplayingtheRadarImageand SynchronizingRadar & Chart
ChangingtheFull-ScreenMode& Selecting Half-ScreenWindows
RadarandChart Synchronization(FindShip)
CursorEcho

2-24 hsb

Place and Goto a Waypoint

GAIN

DISPLAY

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

1

Place and Goto a

Waypoint

SEA

MULTI

ALARMS

MOB

MARKS

VRM/EBL

RANGE

1. Press MARKS

2. Position Cursor as required

GAIN

SEA

MULTI

ALARMS

DISPLAY

MOB

MARKS

VRM/EBL

RANGE

2

GAIN

SEA

MULTI

ALARMS

DISPLAY

MOB

MARKS

VRM/EBL

RANGE

Press the soft key

3

Press the soft key to go to the
waypoint selected by the cursor.

D4204-1

Chapter 2: Getting Started & Adjusting the Display 2-25

GAIN

SEA

MULTI

ALARMS

DISPLAY

MOB

MARKS

VRM/EBL

RANGE

4

The vessel navigates towards the
target waypoint

Waypoint

Place and Goto a

See:

5.3 Working wth Waypoints and
Go to an Individual Target Point

D4204-2a

2-26 hsb

Make and Follow a Route

Make and Follow a

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

1

Route

GOTO SCREENROUTE FIND SHIP

Press the soft key

2

EDIT

ROUTE

CLEAR
ROUTE

MORE¬

GAIN

SEA

MULTI

ALARMS

DISPLAY

MOB

MARKS

VRM/EBL

RANGE

Press the soft key

3

1. Position Cursor - in this

example over an existing
waypoint

MAKE

ROUTE

GAIN

SEA

MULTI

ALARMS

DISPLAY

MOB

MARKS

VRM/EBL

RANGE

2. Press the soft key

4

Position Cursor for next
waypoint, then press soft key.
Repeat to plot all waypoints
in sequence.

D4205-1

Chapter 2: Getting Started & Adjusting the Display 2-27

GOTO SCREENROUTE FIND SHIP

GAIN

SEA

MULTI

ALARMS

DISPLAY

MOB

MARKS

VRM/EBL

RANGE

5

Route

Make and Follow a

Press the soft key. The route
becomes the current route.

6

Press the soft key

GOTO

CURSOR

STOP

FOLLOW

GOTO

WAYPOINT

GOTO

CURSOR

FOLLOW

ROUTE

RESTART

XTE

WAYPOINT

ADVANCE

GAIN

SEA

MULTI

ALARMS

DISPLAY

MOB

MARKS

VRM/EBL

RANGE

7

Press the soft key

8

The vessel starts to navigate to
the first (target) waypoint in the
route.

See:

5.4 Working with Routes,
Follow a Route and Other Follow
Route Options.

D4205-2a

2-28 hsb

Review Your Passage Plan

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

ROUTE

GOTO SCREEN

FIND SHIP

Review Your Passage

1

Press the soft key

Plan

MAKE

ROUTE

REVERSE

ROUTE

EDIT

ROUTE

SAVE

ROUTE

CLEAR
ROUTE

ROUTE

LIST

MORE¬

MORE¬

GAIN

MULTI

Press the soft key

Press the soft key

DISPLAY

SEA

MOB

MARKS

VRM/EBL

2

3

4

ALARMS

GAIN

SEA

MULTI

ALARMS

RANGE

DISPLAY

MOB

MARKS

VRM/EBL

RANGE

1. Use the trackball to move
selection bar over required
route.

2. Press the soft key

5

Time defaults to ETA - and
assumes the current time is the
start time.

D4206-1

Chapter 2: Getting Started & Adjusting the Display 2-29

GAIN

SEA

MULTI

ALARMS

DISPLAY

MOB

MARKS

VRM/EBL

RANGE

See:

Displaying Route Information

Change the TIME to HOURS - the
display indicates it will take 32
minutes to reach the destination.
You can change the PLANNED
SOG; the display updates to
indicate TIME required at the
planned speed.

6

Plan

Review Your Passage

D4206-2a

2-30 hsb

2

Displaying the Radar and Synchronizing Radar & Chart

PLUS Series CRT Display

GAIN

DISPLAY

Displaying the Radar

and Synchronizing

Radar & Chart

SEA

MULTI

ALARMS

MOB

MARKS

VRM/EBL

RANGE

1. Press DISPLAY -- then
press twice more to select
RADAR.

1

2. Press the soft keys to set

windows ON. The Chart window
is the default selection.

3. Press ENTER.

GAIN

MULTI

DISPLAY

SEA

MOB

MARKS

VRM/EBL

2

ROUTE

SYSTEM

SET UP¬

GOTO MORE¬

CHART

SET UP¬

SET UP¬

TRACK

RDR CHRT

GPS

SETUP¬

ALARMS

RANGE

Press the soft key. You can
control the chart cursor.

1. Press MENU.

2. Press the soft key

3

D4207-1

Chapter 2: Getting Started & Adjusting the Display 2-31

GOTO MORE¬ROUTE RDR CHRT

FIND SHIP MORE¬SCREEN RDR CHRT

GAIN

SEA

MULTI

ALARMS

DISPLAY

MOB

MARKS

VRM/EBL

RANGE

1. Move selection bar over
Radar/Chart Synch.

2. Press the soft key.

3. Press ENTER twice.

Press the soft key.

Press the soft key to
synchronise the chart & radar
images.

4

Radar & Chart

and Synchronizing

Displaying the Radar

5

6

GAIN

SEA

MULTI

ALARMS

DISPLAY

MOB

MARKS

VRM/EBL

RANGE

7

The radar and chart windows
are synchronised and the cursor
is 'homed' on the vessel

Move the chart cursor -- you can
see chart cursor move on the
radar screen.

You can move the cursor over
a radar target to determine its
identity on the chart

See:

2.3 Controlling the Display

6.5 Cursor Echo

7.3 System Parameters

7.7 Chart Set Up

D4207-2a

2-32 hsb

Displaying the Radar

and Synchronizing

Radar & Chart

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

Chapter 3: Standard Radar Operations 3-1

Chapter 3: Standard Radar Operations

3.1 Introduction

Thischapterprovide sdetailedinstructionsforthestandardoperatio nsof your
Pathfinderradar. Additionalfunctions,thatareavailableonintegrated
systemswithappropriatedatasources, aredescribedin Chapter 4.Ifyouhave
acombinedradar/chartdisplayrefertoChapter 5andChapter 6 for
informationonchartingoperations.

You canusethischapterwiththe radardisplaysettosimulator mode,oronthe
waterafteryou have installedand set up your Pathfinder system.

Thischaptercoversthefollowingtopics:

• Rangecontrol.

• Interpretingandadjustingtheradarpicture,includingadjustingthegain,
seaclutterandrain clutter,changingthetarg etsdisplay,andtuningthe
radar.

• Measuringrange(distances)andbearingsusingVariableRangeMarkers
(VRMs)and ElectronicBearing Lines (EBLs).

• Settingupguardzonesandhandlingalarms.

• UsingMARPA f or targettrackingandriskanalysis.

Note:Untilyou are familiar with interpretingtheradar display,you should
takeeveryopportunitytocomparethe radar’s displaypatternswithvisual
targets,suchasothervessels,buoysand coastalstructures.Youshouldprac­ticeharbourand coastalnavigationduringdaylightandinclearweathercon­ditions.

Ifyouhave a combinedradar/chartplotterorhavean
aspartof an integratedsystem,youcan identifyobjectsusingthe cursor echo
feature:With cursorechoon(see Section 4.5andChapter 7) youcanselectan
objectontheradar display, the cursoris repeatedon the chart display so you
cancheckthe object’s identity.

2

hsb

seriesChartplotter

Introduction

3-2 hsb

3.2 Range Control

Theradarpicturecan be viewed at various scales. The shortest range scale
givesamaximumrange of
tothetopoftheradar picture.Thelongestrangescalegives a maximumrange
of between24 and 72 nautical miles dependingonyourscanner.

1

/8nauticalmiles,measuredfromthedefaultcentre

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

Range Control

shiptoland masses, weather frontsand largeshiptargetsinorbeyond
view.

•Theshort range scales provide greater detail of the radar echoes close to
yourvessel,andshouldbe used as you approach the coastline, harbour or
othervesselsinthe area.

ThePathfinderPlus Radardisplayincludesconcentricrangerings,whichyou
canuseto help you to judge distances on theradarpicture.Theirnumberand
spacingareadjustedautomaticall yif you change the range scale. They can be
turnedoff(seeSwitchingRadarRangeRingsor Chart Grid On andOffon
page2-13).

The Standard Range Scale

Detailsofthe standardrangesthatcan be selected are shown in the table
below. If you wish,youcancustomizethe rangescalesbyspecifyingdifferent
ranges,asdescribedinSection 7.4,RadarSetUp Parameters.

Table 3-1: Radar Range Scales

•Thelong range scales provide the best overview of your vessel’s relation-

Maximum Range
(nm)

Number of Range
Rings

Range Ring Interval
(nm)

0.125

0.25

0.5

0.75

1.5
3

6
12
24*
48*
72*

*Themaximum rangedependson your scannertype, as detailedinthe PathfinderPlusRadar
ScannerOwner’s Handbook.

2
2
4
3

6
6

6
6
6
6
6

0.0625

0.125

0.125

0.25

0.25

0.5

1
2
4
8
12

Thenumber of range rings shown in thetableis the number to the selected
range.Additionalrangeringsaredisplayedtotheedge of the radar picture, at
thestandard ringinterval forthe currentrange, andare visible when the centre
is offset.

Chapter 3: Standard Radar Operations 3-3

Changing the Range

Increases

RANGE

the range scale

Decreases
the range scale

Figure 3-1: Changing the Radar Range

RANGE

AUTO MAN

➤ Each time youpressthe RANGE key, the range changes to the next available

setting.Thesystemwillbeepthreetimes if no further range scale is available.

➤ Tochangethe range quickly,pressandholdthe requiredarrowontheRANGE

key.
Therangescaleand range ring interval indicators,at the left-handend of the

statusbar,areupdatedwheneveryouchangetherange.

Determining Actual Radar Range

Theactualmaximumradarrangeisessential lyline-of-sight,andis limitedby
theheightofthe scanner and the height of thetargetasshowninFigure 3-1.
Table 3-2 lists somerangeexamples:

a

1

h

Radar

R

max

h
H

R

= radar horizon of antenna (

max

Figure 3-2: Determining Radar Range

R

max

maximum radar range
radar antenna height
target height

Selected
range scale

6nm

R

max

Earth

= 2.23 ( h + H )

a

) + radar horizon of target (a2)

1

Range ring
spacing

RR

1nm

Status Bar

a

2

in nautical miles
in metres
in metres

343°T

D3939_1

Changing the Range

H

Cliff

D1643-2

Table 3-2: Radar Range

Antenna Height (m) Target Height (m) Maximum Range (nm)

3 3 7.8

3 10 10.9

5 3 8.9

5 10 12.0

Note:Therangesshowninthetablearetheoretical maximum ranges.Thera­darhorizonisgreaterthanthe optical horizon,but the radar can only detect
targetsifa large enough target is above the radar horizon.

Picture

3-4 hsb

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

3.3 Interpreting and Adjusting the Radar Picture

Navigationalechoesmaybelarge,small,brightorfaint,dependingnotonly
onthe size of the object but also on its orientationandsurface.Different
objectsreflecttheradarsignalsindifferentways.Forexample,vertical
objectssuchascliffsreflectsignalsbetterthanslopingonessuchas

Adjusting the Radar

Interpreting and

sandbanks.
Highcoastlinesandmountainouscoastalregionscanbeobservedat the

longestradarrange.However,thefirstsightoflandmaybe amountainseveral
milesinlandfromthe coastline.The actual coastlinemay not appear on the
radaruntilthevesselis close to the line of sight distance.

Theradarindicationmaynot be similar to your visualobservation;anearby
smallobjectmayappearto be the same size as adistantlargeobjectonthe
radar. However,with experience theapproximatesizeofdifferentobjects can
bedeterminedbythe relativesizeand brightnessofthe echoes.

Sometargets,suchasbuoysand small boats, can be difficultto differentiate,
sincetheyboband toss about in the wavesanddo not present a consistent
reflectingsurface.Consequently, these echoes have a tendency to fadeand
brightenand,at times, to disappearmomentarily. Buoys andsmallboatsoften
resembleeachother,butboatscanusuallybedistinguishedbytheirmotion.

Notall radar echoes are produced by hard navigational items. Some echoes
maybe receivedfrom irregularitiesonthesurfaceofthewater,particu larlyat
closerange(seaclutter),orfromrainor snow eitheraroundthevessel orinthe
distance.Inaddition,someechoesmaybeindirectreturnstotheradarscanner,
providingfalseechoesormultipleechoes.
Theeff ectsofmanyfalseechoescanbeminimized,andthetargetpresentation
clarifiedusingthecontrolssummarizedbelow. This section explains how to
interprettheradarpictureandhowthecontrolsaffectthedisplay. It provides
instructionsforadjustingthesettings,describesthe circumstancesinwhich
theyshouldbeadjusted,andhow they interactwith eachother.

Note:Excessivecontrastand/orbrilliancesettingscouldflareorotherwise
impairthe resolutionofthe displayedtargets.Normalcontrastand brightness
settingsprovidecrisp,sharpedgesonthedisplayedtargets.

Chapter 3: Standard Radar Operations 3-5

Table 3-3: Controls to Adjust the Radar Picture

Control Option Function Default Setting

GAIN GAIN Controls the strength of the target returns AUTO

SEA SEA Reduces sea returns AUTO-HARBOUR

MULTI TUNE

RAIN
FTC

TARGETS

Soft Key

INT REJ
EXPANSION
WAKES

Fine tunes the receiver
Reduces close rain or snow returns
Reduces distant rain or snow returns

Turns interference rejection on/off
Turns target expansion on/off
Turns wakes on/off and selects wakes length

Identifying False Echo Returns

Notallechoesare direct returns to the radar antenna. Occasionallysignals
appearatpositionswherethereisno actualtarget.Thesearecalledfalse
echoes,and may be caused by sidelobes,ghostimages,indirectechoesor
multipleechoes.

Thissectionbrieflydescribestheechopatternsthatcanbeproducedby false
echoesandthelikelycause.It should be notedthattheradaroperator ,through
observation,practice,andexperience,cangenerall ydetectthese conditions
veryquickly. These effectscanusuallybe minimizedusingtheradarcontrols.

Side Lobes

Asmall part of the RF energy from each transmitted pulse is radiated outside
thesinglenarrowbeam.Thisproducessidelobe patterns,shownin
Figure 3-3.

AUTO
OFF
OFF

ON
OFF
OFF

Returns

Identifying False Echo

Sidelobeshaveno effecton distant or small surface objects. However,the
echofromalargeobjectatshortrange may produce an arc on the radar screen
similartoarange ring or a series of echoes forming a brokenarc.Side-lobe
echoesnormallyoccuratrangesbelow 3nm, and can be reduced by adjusting
the SEA control.

Main lobe

Side lobe Side lobe

Antenna

True echo Side echoes

Arc

D1638-2

Figure 3-3: Side Lobes

3-6 hsb

Indirect Echoes

Thereareseveraltypesofindirectechoesorghostimages-someexamplesare
shownin Figure 3-4. Thesesometimeshavetheappearanceof true echoes,
butingeneraltheyare intermittentand poorly defined.

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

Identifying False Echo

Returns

Indirect (false) echoes

False echo

Passing
ship

True echo

Mast
or funnel

True echo

False echo

D1641-2

Figure 3-4: Indirect Echoes

Multiple Echoes

Multipleechoesappearifthereisa largetargetwithawide verticalsurfaceat
acomparativelyshortrange. The transmittedsignalwillbe reflectedbackand
forthbetweenthetargetandyourown ship. Multiple echoes therefore appear
beyondthetruetarget’s echoon the same bearing, as shown in Figure 3-5.
Thisisnot very common.

MULTIPLE ECHOES

Multiple echoes

True echo

D1642-1

Figure 3-5: Multiple Echoes

Blind Sectors or Shadow Effect

Funnelsandmastslocatednearthe antenna,may cause shadows. In shadow
areasbeyondtheobstructiontherewillbe a reduction of the beam intensity,
althoughnotnecessarilyacompletecut-off.However, therewillbe a blind
sectorifthesubtendedangleis more than a few degrees. There may alsobe
multipleechoeswhichextendbehindtheobstruction.This should be avoided
bycarefulselectionofthescannersitepriorto installation(Chapter 8).

Chapter 3: Standard Radar Operations 3-7

Adjusting Gain, Sea Clutter, Rain Clutter and Tune

AutomaticadjustmentofGain,Seaand Tuneisavailable,alternativelyyou
cansetany of these parameters to manual and use therotarycontrolto adjust
itsvalue.RainclutterisadjustedmanuallyusingtheRAIN orFTC control.These
parametersareaccessedfromtheGAIN, SEA and MULTI rotary controls.

Note:Gain,Sea and Tune can onlybeadjustedif the control is set to Manual
adjustment.

TheGAIN and SEA rot ary controlsareused to adjust the corresponding
parameter. InadditionthesecontrolsenableyoutotoggleGAIN andTUNE
betweenautomaticand manualadjustment.SEA canbetoggled betweenAuto­Harbour,Auto-OffshoreandManualmode.Whenyouuseeither the GAIN or
SEA rotary control the following soft keys are displayed.

and Tune

Clutter, Rain Clutter

Adjusting Gain, Sea

GAIN

AUTO MAN

HARBOUR OFFSHORE MAN

AUTO SEA

TUNE

AUTO MAN

D4186_2

Ifyouselect MANual adjustment a vertical slider bar is displayed next to the
controland,asyou turn the rotary,thevalueisindicatedintheslider.

TheRAIN, FTC and TUNE controlsareaccessedfromtheMULTI rotary
control.Whenyouusethiscontrol,averticalsliderbar(fortheselectedoption)
isdisplayednexttothe controland a menu bar is displayedbelowtheslider.
Usethetrackballtoscrollthroughthe menu options.As you turn the rotary
controltoadjusttheparameteritsvalueis indicatedin the slider.

WhenRAIN orFTC isselectedanON/OFF softkeyis displayed.
When TUNE is selected,the soft keys illustratedaboveare also displayed.

➤ To select RAIN, FTC orTUNE:

1. Press the MULTIcontrol, then use thetrackballtohighlighttherequired
option.
IfyouselectMANUALTUNE adjustment,an8-stepsignal-strengthindicator
barisdisplayedabovethe slider.Adjusttheslidertoobtainthemaximum
readingontheindicator.

Note:Selecta range appropriateto the adjustment you wish to make. Theop­timumTunesettingvariesslightlyfor differentranges,dependingonthepulse
widthused.

➤ Tochangeaparameter:

1. Select the parameter and, if necessary,pressthesoftkeyto switchthe
parametertoMAN orON (dependingonparameter).

2. Turnthe rotary control,the value is indicated in the vertical slider.

Note:Becausethe changes to the settings are made immediately, you cannot
reverttotheprevioussettingby pressingCLEAR.

3-8 hsb

Ifyouchange the settings, the new GAIN, SEA andTUNE modes (auto or
manual)andvaluesremainsetevenwhen you turn the radar off and on again;
RainandFTC are reset to Off at power-on. The status bar indicates which
controlsareswitchedtoAutoor On, as shown in Figure3-6.

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

and Tune

Clutter, Rain Clutter

Status Bar

Adjusting Gain, Sea

3nm

RINGS

1/2

126°T

Gain, Sea and/or Tune set to Auto

WKS

TM TV3

H-UP

FTC on

AUTO

GST

FTCEXRCGZIR

Rain on

D3987-2

Figure 3-6: Radar Status Bar

Gain Control and Sea Control

TheGAIN contr olcan beset to either Auto or Manual. In Automode,the
PathfinderPlusradaroptimizesthesetting. TheSEA controlcanbesettoAuto-
Harbour(default),Auto-Offsho reor Manualmode.In Auto-Offshoremode,
thePathfinde rPlusRadaroptimizesitssettingstoaccountfortheeffect sofsea
clutter. In harboursorcloseproximitytolanddifferentauto settings may

benecessarytocaterforthe effects of land clutter .Toavoidlosingsmall
targetsitisthereforeadvisabletosettheSeacontroltoAuto-Harbour
mode.Alternatively, setbothSea and Gain to Manualmodethen adjust
the settings to ensure that all close small targets are visible.

TheGAIN contr oladjusts the levelofthe displayof signals received from the
scanner;itisequivalenttoa volume control on a radio.

BecausetheSEA controlaffectsthegain, you mayneedtomanuallyreadjustit
ifyoumanuallychange the Gain setting.

MANUAL

50%

GAIN

MANUAL

75%

SEA

Gain Control

Whenthe GAIN controlissettoManual,youshouldcheck it every time you
changetherangescale.

Onlong range settings,the gain should be set to giveaslightspeckleinthe
backgroundoftheradar picture.Do not set the gain too low, oryou may miss
smallorweaktargets.

Onshorterranges,you may wish to reduce thegainslightlytoreducethe
speckleandthereforeimprovetargetdefinition.

Sea Clutter Control

Radarreturnsfromwavesaroundyourvesselcanclutterthecentreofthe radar
picture(seeFigure 3-7, making it difficulttodetectreal targets.Suchsea
clutterusuallyappearsasmultipleechoes on the display at shortrangescales,
andtheechoesare not repetitive or consistent in position. Withhighwinds
andextremeconditions,echoesfromseacluttermaycausedensebackground
clutterintheshape of an almost solid disc.

Chapter 3: Standard Radar Operations 3-9

A
U
T
O

TUNE

D3968-1

Figure 3-7: Sea Clutter

TheSEA controlreduces the gainlevelintheareasnear your vessel,extending
upto3 to5nmdependingonthewaveand seaconditions.Thishastheeffectof
reducing the sea returns to intermittent small dots, while small targets are still
visible.Gainlevelsfurtherfromyourvesselremain unchanged.

YoucanusetheGain andSeacontroltohelpminimizethe effectsofsidelobes
(seeIdentifyingFalseEchoReturnsonpage3-5).

Note:On short range scales, do not set the Seacontrolsohighthatallclutter
isremoved,sincethiscouldstop you seeing echoes from close targets.

Tuning the Receiver

TheTUNE control is used to fine tune the receiverinthescannerformaximum
targetreturnsonthedisplay.In Automode,theradartunesitselfautomatically
onallrangescales.WerecommendthatyouleavetheTUNE control in Auto

mode.

Ifyoudo set the TUNE controltoManual,youwillneedtoadjust it about 10
minutesafteryouhaveturnedon the radar,sincetherequiredsettingchanges
oncethe magnetron has warmed up.

and Tune

Clutter, Rain Clutter

Adjusting Gain, Sea

You should adjust the control to obtainthemaximumsignalstrength,as
indicatedinthe8-stepbar above the slider.Ifyoucannottunetheradar
successfully, refer to Section 7.6 for information on the TunePresetfunction.

Rain Clutter Control, using RAIN and FTC

Theradarcansee echoesfromrainor snow.Returns fromstormareasand rain
squallsconsistofcountlesssmallechoesthatcontinuouslychangesize,
intensity, andposition.Thesereturns, showninFigure 3-8,sometimesappear
aslargehazyareas,dependingontheintensityof the rainfall or snow in the
stormcell.

TheRAIN andFTC controlsareusedtoreducethisclutter,sothattarget s
maskedby the cluttercan be seen on the radar picture.

and Tune

Clutter, Rain Clutter

3-10 hsb

•TheRAIN controlis usedtoreducelargecluttermassesaroundyourvessel

O
F
F

causedbyrainor snow.

•TheFTC ( F astTime Constant) control is used to reduce rain clutter at a dis-
tancefromyourvessel,such as that shown below.

RAIN

Adjusting Gain, Sea

Figure 3-8: Rain Clutter
When the FTC controlisturnedup, onlytheleadingedgeoflarge(rain clutter)

O
F
F

echoesisdisplayed,whiletheeffectonsmaller(ship)echoesisonlyslight.
Thismeansthatyou can also use the control on shorterrangestodistinguish
betweentwoveryclose echoes on the same bearing, which mayotherwise

FTC

mergeandappearas one echo.

D3967-1

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

Whenthe FTC controlisturnedup,thereceiverislesssensitive,andthereisa
reductionofbackgroundnoiseandfill-inreturnsfromlandandlargetargets.
You shouldthereforeturnthecontroldown whenitsuseisnotrequired.Since
stormcellsareusuallyvisibleforlongdistancesdueto their extreme altitude,
youmay wish to leave them displayed so that you canobservethe location of
badweather.

If you turn the RAIN orFTC contr olOff (equivalent to setting the level to 0%),
theactualsettingisstored,andrestoredwhen you turn the control on again.

Note:RAIN and FTC areresettoOffat power-on.

Chapter 3: Standard Radar Operations 3-11

Changing the Targets Display

ThePathfinderPLUSRadar allows you to improvetargetvisibilit yby
changingthefollowing:

• Interferencerejection

• Targetexpansion

• Targetwakes

TheseparametersareaccessedfromthedefaultsoftkeyTARGETS.
Thissectionexplainshowtochange these modes and describes the effect of

eachmode.The currentsettingsareshown at the right-hand end of the status
baras shown in Figure 3-9.

Status Bar

3nm

RINGS

1/2

126°T

Figure 3-9: Status Bar

➤ Tochangethesettingsofthetargetmodes:

1. Press the TARGETS defaultsoftkey.
Thetargetoptionsoftkeysaredisplayed,withthecurrentselectionshigh­lighted.

TARGETS

INT REJ

OFF ON

EXPANSION

OFF 1 2

2. Press the appropriate soft key to toggle the requiredsettingbetweenOFF
andON.

Wakes on Target Expansion on

TM TV3

H-UP

Interference Rejection on

WAKES

OFF S M L

AUTO

GST

CLEAR
WAKES

Display

Changing the Targets

WKS
FTCEXRCGZIR

D3986-2

D3642-3

WAKES

OFF S M L

Note:If an option is not available for the currentsetting,itssoftkeylabelis
grey.Whenyoupress the key, the system beeps and the settingremainsOFF.

FortheWa kesmode, press the WAKES soft key tostepthe highlighted
selectionthroughthewakeoptions.

You can use thesoftkeysto change the settings of any or allthemodeson
thisdisplay.

3. When the requiredoptionsarehighlighted,pressENTER.Thescreen
returnstothe defaultdisplaywiththe new mode(s)inoperation.The status
barisupdatedto indicate which controls are switched on.

Changing the Targets

Display

3-12 hsb

Interference Rejection

Mutualradarinterferenceislikelywhentwoor more radar-equippedvessels

INT REJ

OFF ON

areoperatingwithinrangeofeachother.This usuallyappearsasaseriesof
smalldotsmovingto and from the display center in a straightlineoralong,
sweepingcurve.Thistypeof interferenceismost noticeableat long ranges.

D1639-1

Figure 3-10: Interference Rejection

ThePathfinderPlusRadarincludesamechanism that automaticallyreduces
suchinterference.Thismechanismisnormallyleftswitchedon.However,if
youwishto detectthe presenceofotherradarsinthe vicinity, youcanturnoff
theinterferencerejection.

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

EXPANSION

OFF 1 2

WAKES

OFF S M L

CLEAR
WAKES

Target Expansion

You can make targetseasiertoseebyexpandingthem.Targetexpansionuses
acombinationof signal processingtechniquesand pulse length overrideto
increasethe size oftargetsseenon thescreen.However, this maycompromise
rangeresolution.Two levels of targetexpansionareavailable,withlevel2
providinggreaterexpansionthanlevel1.

Target Wakes

You can see the directionandspeedwithwhichtargetsaremovingrelativeto
yourvesselbyselectingthe targetwakesdisplayoption.

Whenwakesare switched on, the target is displayed at the brightest level and
thepreviouspositionsoftargetsareretainedatsuccessivelyfainterlevels on
thescreen.You can select long, medium or shortwakes,whichretain
informationfrompreviousscansatareducedvideolevel.

You can clear existing wakes from the display by pressingtheCLEAR WAKES
softkey. Thesoft key is only available when wakes are switched on;the
displaystartsshowingnewwakesassoonastheoldwakes havebeencleared.

Whenwakesare switchedoff,no newwakesaredisplayedandexistingwakes
arecleared.

Chapter 3: Standard Radar Operations 3-13

3.4 Measuring Range and Bearing Using VRM/EBLs

ThePathfinderPlusRadardisplayallowsyou to specify up to two Electronic
BearingLines(EBLs),eachwith an associatedVariable Range Marker
(VRM), using the VRM/EBL key.

AstandardVRM is displayed as a circle withitscentreon your vessel’s
position,andit’ sEBL isdisplayedasaline from the origin to the edge ofthe
radarpicturedisplay. However,eachpaircanbefloated,sothattheorigincan
bemoved.

3nm

RR
OFF

126°T

VRM

H-UP

AUTO

IR

T

Floated VRM2
(long-dashed line)

Floated EBL2
(long-dashed line)

VRM1 (short-dashed line)

EBLs

Bearing Using VRM/

Measuring Range and

EBL1 (short-dashed line)

VRM/EBL 2

015°

TBRG

096

RNG nm

CURSOR CURSOR

146°

1.70

RNG nm

50°47^72N

TBRG

001°10^58N

VRM/EBL 1

BRG

243°

0.98

RNG nm

T

VRM/EBL data boxes

Two cursor readout boxes

D3974-1

Figure 3-11: EBL and VRM Displays

Note:Whenusing VRM/EBLs, you may wish toturnoff the range rings to
make the VRMs clearer (see Section 2.4).

VRMs move if you change the rangescale,sothatthe actual range you have
markedismaintained.VRM/EBLsalsomove if you offsetthe centre.

WhenaVRM/EBL pair is active, its bearing and range are displayedinits
associateddatabox,whichcanbe moved, deleted or reinstated.

Thebearinginformationisdisplayedaseitherthebearingrelativetoyour
vessel’s headingor(ifheadingdatais availablefroma position fixer or
compass)theactualbearingindegreesmagneticordegreestrue.Theseare
controlledbythesetupparameters(seeSection 7.4).

TheVRM/EBL functions allow you to perform the followingtasks:

from Vessel

Bearing to Target

3-14 hsb

• Measuretherangeof a targetor point from your vessel’sposition,usinga
VRM

• Measurethebearingofa targetorpointfrom your vessel’sposition,using
anEBL

• Measuretherangeandbearingbetweenanytwopointsontheradar,using

Measuring Range and

the FLOAT function

Note:Analternativ emethodofmeasuringrangeand bearingistousethe cur­sordatabox: If the cursor readout is set to displayrangeandbearing(rather
thanLat/Long),youcan determinethe range and bearing by moving the cur­soroverthe targetand checking the cursor data box readings. You can also
estimatetherangetoa target by reference to the range rings.

Measuring Range and Bearing to Target from Vessel

To measuretherange and/or bearingof a targetor point from your vessel’s
position,youneedto place a VRM/EBL and moveitso that it crosses the
targetorpointforwhichyou requirethe bearingor range.

Whenyou turn on a VRM/EBL,it is displayedin its last-usedposition.

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

VRM/EBL

VRM/EBL

Note:If the VRM’s last-used position is outside the radar picture at thecur­rentrangesetting,itisplacedat its default position instead.This is one third
ofthe range for VRM1, and two-thirdsforVRM2.

Placing a VRM/EBL

PlacingandpositioningVRM/EBLs on the Pathfinder Plus Radar display is
quickandeasy .

• Ifa VRM/EBL is not alreadydisplayed,youcanplaceone with a single
pressofthe VRM/EBL key.

• Ifyou have already placed a VRM/EBL, pressing the VRM/EBL key pro­videssoftkeycontrol of additionalfunctions.

➤ ToplaceaVRM/EBL when one is not alreadydisplayed:

1. Press VRM/EBL.
The radar picture shows VRM/EBL1, together with its associated data

boxin its last-usedposition.
Asshown in Figure 3-12,thecursorispositionedoverthe intersectionof

theVRM circle and the EBL line. It hascontrolofthe VRM/EBL as indi­cated by the four-way arrow,the solid VRM/EBL line, and the text VRM/

EBL.

Chapter 3: Standard Radar Operations 3-15

Ship's Heading Marker

VRM/EBL

EBL as solid line
Cursor symbol

as four-way arrow

Cursor text in
inverse video

VRM as solid line

Indicate cursor control
of VRM/EBL

Figure 3-12: Placing a VRM

2. If required, use the trackball controls to change the radius(range)ofthe
VRMcircle and the angle of the EBLuntiltheycross the required target.

Therangeand bearing informationin the VRM/EBL data box is updated
asyou move the cursor.

3. Press ENTER todrop the VRM/EBL. The radar shows this
VRM/EBLasashort-dashedline, and the cursorreturnstonormalcontrol.

4. Read the range andbearingtothe targetorpoint,whichis shown in the
VRM/EBL data box.

5. If required, you canmoveor delete the VRM/EBL data box usingthecon­text-sensitivecursor.

➤ ToplaceaVRM/EBLwhen one is already displayed:

D3970-1

from Vessel

Bearing to Target

Measuring Range and

VRM/EBL1

OFF ON

VRM/EBL

1. Press VRM/EBL todisplay the VRM/EBL soft keys.

VRM/EBL1

OFF ON

VRM/EBL2

OFF ON

FLOAT¬

VRM/EBL
DATABOX

OFF ON

D3645-2

Thelabelsfor the two left-hand soft keys indicate the current status of the
two VRM/EBLs.

2. Press thesoftkeyfortheVRM/EBL you require,totogglethesettingfrom
OFF toON.

Thesoftkeylabelsarecleared, and the radarpictureshowstheVRM/EBL
anditsassociateddatabox.

3. Position the EBL/VRM usingthetrackball,andpress ENTER to drop it.
Theradar shows the VRM/EBL as ashort-dashedline(VRM/EBL1) or a
long-dashedline(VRM/EBL2),andthe cursor returns to normal control.

3-16 hsb

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

Moving an Existing VRM/EBL

You can move anexistingVRM/EBLusing the context-sensitivecursor .You
cancontrolthe VRM and EBL separatelyorbothtogether.

➤ Use the context sensitivecursortoselectandmoveany VRM and/or EBL. If

youwish to change the VRM andEBLtogether,movethecursoroverthe

Measuring Range and

Bearing Between

Targets (FLOAT )

VRM

intersectionofVRM/EBL.Thelabelindicatesthe current objectasVRM,EBL,
orVRM/EBL. SeeMovinganddeletingitemswiththecontext-sensitivecursor
onpage 1-17.

Deleting an Existing VRM/EBL

VRM/EBL

➤ Youcan deletea VRM/EBL by using the VRM/EBL keyto displaythe soft

keys,andpressingtherequiredVRM /EBLsoft keytotogglethesettingfromON

VRM/EBL1

OFF ON

to OFF.

➤ Alternatively,youcandeleteanexistingVRM/EBLusingthecontext-

VRM

sensitive cursor as described in Movingand deletingitemswith the context­sensitive cursor onpage 1- 17

Thishasthe same effectas turning the VRM/EBL off using the
VRM/EBLsoftkeys. ItturnsofftheVRM/EBLpair, irrespectiveofthecursor
text:you cannot turn off VRMs and EBLs independently.

Measuring Range and Bearing Between Targets (FLOAT)

You can measure the rangeandbearingbetweenanytwo points on the radar,
suchastwo targets,usingthePathfinderPlusRadar’sFloatfunction.This
allowsyouto move the origin of a VRM/EBL away from your vessel’s
positionandontoa target.You can then change the angleofthe EBL, relative
toitsnew origin, to obtain the bearing between two points. The radiusofthe
VRMcan also be adjusted to determine the distance between two points.

Floating a VRM/EBL

Note:You can float a VRM/EBL pairusingeitherthe soft keys or the context­sensitivecursor.The procedure for usingthecursoristhesameasformoving
orunfloatingaVRM/EBLpair, as describedbelow;however,asitismore dif­ficulttolocatetheVRM/EBL originwhen it is over the center,youwillproba­blyfindit easier to use the keys inthiscase.

➤ TofloataVRM/EBL pair using the keys:

1. Ifoneisnotalreadypresent,placeaVRM/EBLpairasdescribedinthepre­vioussection.

2. Press VRM/EBL todisplay the VRM/EBL softkeys.

3. Press the FLOAT softkey. The soft keys are updated, with the relevant
optionsdisplayed.

Chapter 3: Standard Radar Operations 3-17

FLOAT...

FLOAT 1

VRM

FLOAT 1

FLOAT 2 UNFLOAT 1

UNFLOAT 2

D3646-2

4. Press the FLOAT 1 soft key to float VRM/EBL1, or the FLOAT 2 softkeyto
floatVRM/EBL2.

Thesoftkeys are cleared. The cursor is positioned over the origin of the
VRM/EBL,over your vessel. The cursor has control of theVRM/EBL, as
indicatedbythefour-headedarrow, the text FLT in inverse video, and the
solidVRM/EBL line.

5. Use the trackball to move theoriginoftheVRM/EBLtotherequiredposi­tion(overthefirsttarget).

6. Press ENTER todrop theVRM/EBLinitsnewposition,or CLEAR toaban­donthe operationand return the VRM/EBL to itspreviousposition.

Theradar shows the VRM/EBL as ashort-dashedline(VRM/EBL1) or a
long-dashedline(VRM/EBL2),andthe cursor returns to normal control.

7. Use thecontext-sensitivecursortotakecontroloftheVRMand/or EBL,to
obtaintherangeand/orbearingtoasecondtarget,as previously described.

8. Read the range andbearinginformationfromtheVRM/EBL data box.

Moving and Unfloating a Floating EBL

Tar ge ts (FLOAT )

Bearing Between

Measuring Range and

VRM

FLT

VRM/EBL

FLOAT 1

UNFLOAT 1

You can move orunfloataVRM/EBLthathasbeenfloated.Youcan unfloat a
VRM/EBLeitherby using the context-sensitivecursororby using the FLOAT
softkeyoptions.

➤ Tomoveorunfloata floating VRM/EBL using the cursor:

1. Move thecursorovertheoriginof theVRM/EBLyouwishtocontrol,until
the letters FLT are displayed.

2. If you wish to unfloat the VRM/EBL, press CLEAR.The originof the
VRM/EBLis reset to your vessel’sposition.

3. Alternatively,if you wishtomovethefloating VRM/EBL, pressENTER to
takecontrolof it and move it usingthetrackball.

PressENTER aga into droptheVRM/EBL in its new position,orCLEAR
toabandonthe operationand return the VRM/EBL to itspreviousposi­tion.

➤ TounfloatafloatingVRM/EBLusingthekeys:

1. Press VRM/EBL todisplay the VRM/EBL softkeys.

2. Press the FLOAT softkey.

3. PresstheUNF LOAT 1 softkeyto unfloatVRM/EBL1,ortheUNFLOAT 2 soft
keytounfloatVRM/EBL2.

Thesoftkeys are cleared, and the VRM/EBL isrepositionedwithitsori­ginatyour vessel’sposition.

Data Boxes

3-18 hsb

Controlling VRM/EBL Data Boxes

EachVRM/EBL data box is switched on andoffwithitsassociatedVRM/
EBL.However,whenoneorboth VRM/EBLs are active, you can movethe
databox(es)andyou can switch the data box(es) off at any time.

➤ Youuse the context sensitivecursortoselectandmoveaVRM/EBLdatabox

Controlling VRM/EBL

BOX

(thelabelBOX appearsunderthecursor). See Moving and deletingitemswith
thecontext-sensitivecursoronpage 1-17.

➤ TocontroltheVRM/EBL data boxes:

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

VRM/EBL

VRM/EBL
DATABOX

OFF ON

1. Press VRM/EBL todisplay the VRM/EBL softkeys.

2. PresstheVRM/EBL DATABOX softkeyto togglethesettingfromOFF to ON or
from ON to OFF.

Note:VRM/EBL data boxes are not affected by the settingofthe DATABOXES
softkeyaccessedusingtheSCREEN defaultsoftkey.Thisonly controlsthe set
ofdataboxes availablefor integratedsystems(seeChapter 2).

Chapter 3: Standard Radar Operations 3-19

3.5 Setting Guard Zones and Alarms

ThePathfinderPlusRadardisplayallowsyou to set up one ortwo guard
zones,usingtheALARMS key.You can setupsectorzones or 360° (circular)
zonesasshowninFigure 3-13.

Note:You can only view and controlguardzonesif you are using the Master
display(thatis,the displayto which the scanner is connected).

3nm

CURSOR

BRG R

031°

RNG nm

2.24

RR
1/2

126°T

H-UP

GRD

AUTO

IR

T

Guard zone 1, sector zone
(short-dashed line)

Guard zone 2, circular zone
(long-dashed line)

D3975-1

Figure 3-13: Guard Zone Display

Guardzonesarefixed with respect to the ship’sheadingmarker(SHM),
movingasthe SHM moves. They also moveif you offsetthe center,orifyou
changetherangescale,so that the area you have marked is maintained.

Theguardalarm sounds when a target enters a guard zone, exceeding the
targetdensitythresholdwithinthezone;thealarmalsosoundsona repeater
display. The alarmsensitivitycontrolallowsyoutosetthethresholdabove
whicha new target will triggeran alarm, and also to turnthealarmonor off.

and Alarms

Setting Guard Zones

Note:A guard zone only operates when the wholezoneis displayedon the
screen,orcouldbe displayedby offsettingthecenter.In addition,a guard
zoneisinactivefor10 seconds after it is placed or re-sized, to avoid inappro­priatealarmsduringpositioning.

Thissectioncoversthefollowingtopics:

• Placingaguardzone

• Moving,reshapingordeletingaguardzone

• Controllingguardzonealarms

3-20 hsb

Placing a Guard Zone

Placingandpositioningguardzoneson the PathfinderPlus Radar display is
quickandeasy .

• Ifa guard zone is not already displayed, you can placeoneusingthe
ALARMS key.

Placing a Guard Zone

• Ifyouhavealready placedaguardzone,pressing theALARMS keyallows
youto toggle eitherguard zone on or off.

Note:Whenyou turn on a guard zone, it is normally displayedin its last-used
positionandshape. However,ifthispositionis off-screenatthecurrent range
setting,orwithinonequarterof the current rangefromyourvessel,theguard
zoneisplacedat its default position and shape instead. This is at one third
(Zone1)or two thirds (Zone 2) of thecurrentrange,as a sector zone occupy­ing30°eithersideof the ship’s heading marker.

➤ Toplaceaguardzone:

1. Press ALARMS. Thesoftkeysare displayed.

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

GUARD 1

OFF ON

ALARMS

GUARD 1

OFF ON

GUARD 2

OFF ON

D3791-2

Thesoftkeys indicate the current status of the two guard zones.

2. If necessary,press thesoftkeyfortheguardzone you require,totogglethe
settingbetweenOFF andON. Thesoftkeysare cleared.If you turned a
guardzoneon,itisdisplayedinitslast-usedpositionwithonecornerunder
cursorcontrol.

Theradarpictureshows the guard zone as afour-sidedshapeboundedby
asolidline(or a circle if previously set as one).

Thecursoris positionedover an outer corner of the zone asshownin
Figure 3-14. The cursor has controlofthiscorner,asshownbythetext
GRD ininverse video, the four-headed arrow,andthesolidguardzone
boundary.

Sector Zone Circular Zone

Ship's Heading Marker

Cursor symbol as

four-way arrow

Cursor text in

inverse video

Zone as solid line

GRD GRD

Move

cursor

Indicate cursor control

of guard zone

Figure 3-14: Placing a Guard Zone

D3971-1

Chapter 3: Standard Radar Operations 3-21

3. If necessary,usethetrackballtomovethecornerof the guard zone to the
requiredposition.Asyoumove the corner,thewidthand/orheightof the
zonechanges,butits generalsectorshapeis retained.

Note:To create a 360° guard zone, ratherthanasectorguard zone, you can
eithermovethecornerallthe way round to form acircle,ormoveit back to
justtheotherside of the other outer corner.

4. Press ENTER todropthecornerinitsnewpositionand redraw the zone, or
CLEAR toabandon theoperationandreturnthecornertoits previousposi-

tion.
Thedisplayshows this zone boundary as a short-dashedline(zone1)or a

longdashedline(zone 2), and the cursor returns to normal control.

5. If required, use the context-sensitivecursor torepositionothercorners/
sidesofthezone in turn, as described below.

Moving, Reshaping or Deleting a Guard Zone

You can move, reshapeordeleteanexistingguard zone using the context­sensitive cursor.

Zone

Deleting a Guard

Moving, Reshaping or

➤ Youuse thecontextsensitivecursortoreshapeaguardzoneby placing the

GRD

cursoroverthecornerorside that you wish to control(thelabelGRD appears
underthecursor). See Movingand deletingitemswith the context-sensitive
cursoronpage 1-17.

Note:To converta 360° guard zone back to a sector guard zone, take control
ofany point on the circle, and move it toopenup the circle.

➤ Youcan usethecontextsensitivecursortodeletea guard zone.
➤ Youcan alsodelete(turnoff)azoneby pressingthe ALARMS key, and then

ALARM

OFF ON

pressingtheappropriateguardzonesoftkeytotoggle the setting from ON to
OFF.

Controlling Guard Zone Alarms

Theguardalarmistriggeredwhenatargetentersaguardzonewhichexceeds
thetargetdensitythreshold.Youcan set the threshold above which a new
target will trigger an alarm, and can also turn the alarm on or off.

Whenthe alarm is triggered, the unit beeps and a text messageisdisplayed.

➤ Toclearthealarm,pressany key (onthemasterorrepeaterdisplay).

Thealarmwill sound again after 10 seconds, unless one or moreof the
followinghappens:

3-22 hsb

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

• You turn the guard zone off

• You adjusttheguardzonesize/shapeto reduce the numberof targetsinthe
zone

• You turn the alarm off

• You decrease the alarm sensitivity

Controlling Guard

Zone Alarms

• Thetargetleavestheguardzone

➤ Tochangethealarmsensitivitysetting:

1. Press MULTI to display the options menu and verticalslider.

2. Use the trackballtohighlighttheoptionALARM.

3. Use the rotary controltoadjustthealarmsensitivity.The valueis indicated
onthe verticalslider.

Thehigherthe setting,themore sensitive the alarm, and the smaller the
target density required to set it off.

Chapter 3: Standard Radar Operations 3-23

3.6 MARPA

Introduction to MARPA

Thehsb2seriesdisplaysincludeaMARPA (MiniAutomaticRadar Plotting
Aid)functionfortargettrackingandriskanalysis.Thissectiongivesan
introductionto thePathfinderPlusRadarMARPAsystemandshows youhow
tousethe MARP Afunctions,you shouldalsoreadSection 7.5.

MARPA improves the standardofcollisionavoidancebyobtainingdetailed
informationforseveralautomaticallytrackedtar gets.MARPA provides
continuous,accurateandrapidsituationevaluation.

You can acquire up to ten targets,which are then automaticallytrackedbythe
MARPA system. MARPAcalculat estarget bearing and range, true speed and
course,CPA(ClosestPointofApproach),andTCPA(Ti metoClosestPoint of
Approach).

Eachtrackedtargetcanbedisplayedwitha vector depicting approximate
targetspeed(vectorlength)andcourse(vectordirectio n).The calculated
targetdatacanalsobe shownonthescreen. Eachtargetiscontinuallyassessed
andyou are warned if one becomes dangerous or is lost.

MARPA

EffectiveMARPA operation is dependent on accurate own ship’sheading,
plusSOG and COG. Thebetterthequality of the heading data, the better
MARPA willperform.(MARPA functionswithoutSOGand COG data but
onlyrelativevector,CPAandTCPA are shown; targetcourseandspeed
cannotbecalculated).Formoreinformationonheadingsensors,andhow to
connectthemto your display,refer toHeadingandPositionData on page 1-9
andAppendix E.

SAFETY NOTICES

MARPA can improvecollisionavoidancewhenusedwisely. Itisthe
user’sresponsibilityto exercisecommonprudenceandnavigational
judgements.

Thereareconditionswhereacquiringatargetmaybecomedifficult.These
sameconditionsmaybe a factor in successfully trackinga target.Some of
theconditionsare:

• Thetargetechoisweak.

• Thetargetisverycloseto land, buoys or other large targets.

• Thetargetoryourown ship is making rapid manoeuvres.

• Choppysea stateconditionsexistand the targetis buried in excessive

seaclutteror in deep swells.

3-24 hsb

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

• Choppysea stateconditionsexistyieldingpoorstability;ownship’s

headingdataisvery unstable.

• Inadequateheadingdata
Symptomsof such conditionsare that acquisition is difficultandthe

MARPA vectors are unstable;thesymbolwandersawayfrom the target,
locksontoanothertargetorchangestoa lost targetsymbol.If any of these

Introduction to

MARPA

conditionsare present,acquisitionandtrackingmayneedtobere-initiated
or,insomecasesbeimpossibletomaintain.Improvingthe quality of the
headingdatawillreducetheeffectoftheotherconditions.

Risk Assessment

Eachtargetismonitoredtoseeifitwillbewithinacertaindistancefromyour
ownvesselwithina certaintime.If so, the target is designated as dangerous
andyou are warned with an audible alarm in addition to a warningonthe
screen.Thetargetsymbolchangesand flashestoindicatethatitisadangerous
target.Pressinganykeysilencesthealarmandremovesthe warning, but the
target symbol remains dangerous.

Boththedistance(Own Vessel Safe Zone) andthetime (TimetoSafeZone)
areselectableasdescribedinSection 7.5.

Ifa targetislost,eitherbecause the MARP Asoftware has lost contactwithit,
orbecauseit has moved out of range,youarewarned,againwith an audible
alarmand anon-screenwarning.Pressinganykeysilencesthealarm,removes
thewarningandremoves the lost target symbol from the screen.

Target Data

AllMARPA targetsarestoredinaMARPA databaselist,whichshows
bearing,range,courseandspeedof each tracked target.

Forany one targeta pop-up data box can be placedonthescreen,this shows
bearing,range,course,speed,CPA (Closest Point of Approach) and TCPA
(TimetoClosestPointofApproach).The targetforwhichdataisdisplayedis
indicatedbyacirclearounditssymbol.

Eachtargetisdisplayedasasymbolto indicate its status:

Targetisbeingacquired
Targetissafe

Targetisdangerous.

Target is Lost

The dangerous and lost symbols are shown flashing.

Chapter 3: Standard Radar Operations 3-25

Target Vector and History

TheMARPA targetscanbedisplayedwithavectorlineshowingwherethey
willbeat a certain time in the future, (assuming present course and speed).
You can select a relativeortruevectorandthevectorlength.Thevectortype
(RV orTV)and length are shown in thestatusbar .

You can also select to view the target’s history,thisappearsasaseriesofdots
thataredroppedby the targetas it makes way.Theintervalbetweenthemis
selectable.

Arelative vector indicatesthetarget’s motion related to your own ship’s
motion.Thetarget’s relativecourseandspeedare calculatedtoproducea
vectorthatisdisplayedonthe targetonly. Thismode is used for collision
avoidanceandthreatassessment.

Atruevector indicates the target’smotionoverground. In this mode true
vectorsforthetargetandyour own ship are displayed. MARPAmeasuresthe
directioninwhichthetargetandownshipare actually moving over the
ground.Theresultisthevessel’s true course, the rate of motionisthevessel’s
truespeed.Considerthismotionasif you were in a helicopter looking down
watchingthetargetsmoveacrossthewater.Thismodecanaidnavigation.

Using MARPA

Section 7.5 describeshowtoset the targetvectorand historyparameters.

Repeater Displays

Onanintegratedhsb2displaysystemtherepeaterdisplay(withtheappropriate
softwareversion)canaccesstheMARPAfunctions,andtargetsare shown on
therepeaterdisplay.MARPAdataisalsosentonNMEA allowing any other
equipment,withthenecessaryfunctionality, to show the tracked targets’data.

Radar Range Scales

MARPA target acquisitionis only availableat radar range scales of up to
12nm,althoughtrackingcontinuesatallranges.

Note:If you change to a lower rangescale,targetsmaybe beyond the range
ofthescannerand will be lost. In suchcasesanalarmpop-up indicatesthe
targetisoff-screen.

Using MARPA

TheMARPA functionsareaccessedthroughtheMARPA defaultsoft key, and
someoptionsareavailablewiththecontext sensitivecursor,or throughthe
MARPA database list. Where therearetwoways of performing a certain
functionthissectiondescribesbothways.Informationonhowtoset up the
MARPA system is in Section 7.5.

3-26 hsb

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

TARGETS SCREENHDG MODE

MARPA

D4126_1

Acquire a Target

➤ Toacquireatarget:

1. Press the MARPA soft key todisplaytheACQUIRE TARGET softkeys.

Using MARPA

ACQUIRE

TARGET

MARPA

LIST

D4120_1

ACQUIRE

TARGET

CANCEL
TARGET

MARPA BOX

OFF ON

2. Position the cursorovertherequiredtargetandpressthe ACQUIRE TARGET
softkey.

The symbolis placed atthecursorpositionandtheradarsearches fora
targetatthecursorposition. If a targetispresentforseveralscans the radar

locksontoitand the symbol indicatesasafetarget,thetargetvector is
alsodisplayed.If thetargetiscontinuouslylost,thelosttargetsymbol is

displayedandaLostTargetalarmisgenerated;pressanykeytocancelthe
alarmandremove the lost targetsymbol from the display.

3. Press ENTER or CLEAR to return to the default display.

CANCEL
TARGET

MARPA

LIST

CANCEL
TARGET

Cancel a Target

➤ Tocancelatargetusingthecontext-sensitivecursor:

1. Move the cursoroverthetarget,thefollowingsoftkeysare displayed.

CANCEL
TARGET

2. PresstheCANCEL TARGET softkey tocanceltargettrackingandremovethe
symbolfromthedisplay.The defaultsoftkeys are displayed.

➤ To cancel a target from the database list.

1. Press the default soft key MARPA to display the MARPAsoftkeys.

2. Press the MARPA LIST softkey,thedatabaselistis displayed.

3. Use the trackballtoselectatarget,thenpresstheCANCEL TARGET softkey
to remove the selected target.

4. Press CLEAR toremovethedatabaselist.

MARPA BOX

OFF ON

D4119_1

Chapter 3: Standard Radar Operations 3-27

View Target Data

YoucantoggletheMARPA databoxon/offusingtheMARPA BOX ON/OFF soft
key. Thisboxdisplaysthe data for one MARPAtarget .Youcanselectthe
targetusingthecontextsensitivecursororthedatabaselist.Alternati vely,if
youdisplaythedatabox when no target is selected, data is displayed for the
lasttargetthathadthedatabox displayed – unless a new targethasbeen
acquired,thenthenewtargetdataisdisplayed.

➤ Toview(orhide)targetdatausingthecursor:

1. Move the cursoroverthetargetforwhichyou require data. The letters

MARPA and the followingsoftkeysaredisplayed.

Using MARPA

MARPA BOX

OFF ON

MARPA BOX

OFF ON

CANCEL
TARGET

MARPA BOX

OFF ON

D4119_1

2. Press the MARPA BOX ON/OFF softkey to togglethedatabox on/offforthe
selectedtarget.Thetarget databox is displayedand the associated target
symbolisidentifiedbyacircledrawnaroundit.
Thedefaultsoftkeys are displayed when you move thecursorawayfrom
the target.

Note:Whenyou select ON, if the databoxwasalreadydisplayedforanother
target,itisupdatedforthe selectedtarget.

BRG 84°M RNG 1.48nm
CRS 110°M SPD 0.0kts
CPA 1.48nm TCPA PASSED

MARPA 1

D4117_1

Figure 3-15: MARPA Target Data Box

➤ Toview(orhide)targetdatausingthedefaultsoftkeys:

1. Press MARPA todisplay the MARPA soft keys.

2. Press the MARPA BOX ON/OFF softkeytotoggle thedataboxon.Thetarge t
databoxisdisplayed andtheassociatedtargetsymbolisidentified byacir­cledrawnaroundit. The default soft keys are displayed.

MARPA

LIST

MARPA BOX

OFF ON

3. Press the MARPA BOX ON/OFF softkeyagaintotogglethedataboxoff.

➤ ToviewtheMARPA database listanda targetdatabox:

1. Press MARPA followedby theMARPA LIST softkey, thedatabaselistisdis­played.

2. Use the trackballtoselectatarget,thenpressthe MARPA BOX ON/OFF soft
keyto toggle the data box on/off.

3. Press CLEAR toremovethedatabaselist.

3-28 hsb

MARPA

ID BRG RANGE COURSE SPEED

o

0 327

1 537

Using MARPA

T 0.63nm 256oT 3.0kts

o

T 1.70nm 256oT 2.0kts

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

MARPA BOX

OFF ON

CANCEL

ALL

CANCEL
TARGET

MARPA BOX

OFF ON

CANCEL

ALL

D4121-1

Figure 3-16: MARPA Database List

➤ Tocancelall targets:

1. Press MARPA followedby MARPA LIST to displaythedatabaselist.

2. Press the CANCEL ALL soft key.You are prompted to confirm.
PressYES tocontinue,alltheMARPA targetsare clearedfrom the screen,
andthedata is removed from the MARPA database list.
PressNO tocancelthe operation.

Chapter 4: Integrated Radar Operations 4-1

Chapter 4: Integrated Radar Operations

4.1 Introduction

This chapter explains how to use and display non-radar information that may
beavailablefromotherunitsconnected toyoursystem.It alsoexplainshowto
usetheman overboard (MOB) function.You can usethischapterwith the
radar display set to simulator mode, or onthe water after you have installed
andsetup your Pathfinder Radar system.

Inorderto use these functions, you need the following additional data from
equipmentconnectedtoyoursystem via a SeaTalk,NMEAor

hsb

2

link:

Table 4-1: Function of External Data

Data Example source Integrated functions available

Heading Compass*

Autopilot

Rate Gyro Com­pass on NMEA

*If heading data is available via both NMEA and SeaTalk, NMEA data takes priority. For all other
data, SeaTalk data takes priority (see Section 8.8).

Waypoint data Chartplotter - Waypoint display and data

Position GPS system - Marks

Other data Transducers - Data Box and Nav Window data displays including

Chart display Chartplotter, either

combined or via

2

hsb

connection

- Heading value in status bar

- North Up or Course Up heading modes (as
alternatives to Head Up

- MOB (if speed data also available)

- MARPA

- Position data in Data Box and Nav Window

- MOB

- COG, SOG and time

speed, depth, wind

- Chart display as full-screen or half-window display

Introduction

Thischaptercoversthefollowingtopics:

• Changingtheheadingmode of the radar picture

•Usingmarks

• ManOverboard(MOB)

• Cursorecho

Note:Untilyouarefamiliarwithinterpreti ngtheradardisplay,youshouldtake
everyopportunitytocomparetheradar’sdisplaypatternswithvisualtargets,
suchasothervessels,buoysandcoastalstructures.Youshouldpracticehar­bourandcoastalnavigationduringdaylightandinclearweatherconditions.

4-2 hsb

4.2 Changing the Heading Mode

Theradarpictureis normally shown with your vessel’sdeadaheadbearing
straightup,asindicatedbytheShip’sHeadingMarkerat0°relativebearing.
Thisisthe Head Up orientation.

IfheadinginformationisavailableviaaSeaT alkor NMEAconnection,you
canchoosea differentheadingmode.In Course Up and North Up modeyou
canalsoselectrelativeortruemotion.

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

Heading Mode

Changing the

Relativemotionisthe defaultfor the radar display.Inrelativemotionyour
ownship’spositionremains fixed on theradarscreenand all radar targets
moverelativeto your own ship.

Intruemotion,fixedradar targetsmaintainaconstantpositiononthescreen,
whilstyourown ship moves across the radar image at theappropriatespeed
andheading.Amap-likeimage is thus displayed, with all moving vessels
travellingintrueperspectivetoeachotherand to fixed land masses.
Asyour ship’spositionapproachesthe edgeofthe screen,the radar display is
automaticallyresettorevealtheareaaheadofyour ship. You canmanually
resetyourship’sposition at anytimeby pressing the TRUE REL soft key twice.

Heading Modes

Theheadingmodes are as follows:

True and Relative Motion

Head Up

North Up Course Up

D3988-1

Figure 4-1: Radar Heading Modes

• HeadUp:The radar pictureis displayed with the vessel’scurre ntheading

upwards.Asthe heading changes the picture will rotate.

• NorthUp: The radar picture is stabilized and displayed with north

upwards.Asyou change heading, the ship’sheadingmarkermoves.

• CourseUp: The radar picture is stabilized and displayed with the cur-

rentlyselecte dcourseupwards.Asyou changeheading,theship’sheading
markermoves.If you select a new course, the picture resets to displaythe
newcourseupwards.

Chapter 4: Integrated Radar Operations 4-3

Thereferenceusedfor the Course Up depends on theinformationavailable.
Thefirstavailableinthefollowinglistisused:

1. A lockedheading(i.e.theheadingbeingusedby an autopilot) over a
SeaTalk connection

2. The heading at thetimeCourseUp was selected

If1. is in use and a newcourse(lockedheading)isselected,thepicture
automaticallyrotatestothenewCourseUp.
If2. is in use, press the HDG MODE soft key then COURSE UP to manually reset
theCourseUp to the new course.

Selecting the Heading and Motion Mode

PresstheHDG MODE default soft key to obtainthefollowingdisplay, when
headinginformationisavailable:

Motion

True and Relat ive

HDG MODE

Thecurrentlyselectedmode is highlighted, andisindicatedintheradarstatus
bar(N-UP, C-UP or H-UPand TM or RM).

➤ Tochangetheheadingandmotionmode:

1. Press the HDG MODE default soft key.

2. Pressthesoftkeycorrespondingto themodeyourequire.Theradarpicture
changestotheselectedmode.

3. Press ENTER tocleartheheadingmodesoft keys. The current orientation
is indicated in the status bar.

Note:True Motion is only available in Course Up andNorthup mode.

Ifyoure-selectCourseUp when this is alreadythecurrentmode,theCourse
Upreferenceisreassessedaccordingtothecurrentdata.

Effect on VRM/EBLs

VRM/EBLsdonotmoveonthescreen,unlessyouchangetherange,offsetthe
centre,orchangetheheadingmode.

COURSE UPNORTH UP

HEAD UP

TRUE REL

D3641-3

• InHead Up mode, the VRM/EBLs are fixed with respect to theship’s
headingmarker.

• InNorthUp mode, the VRM/EBLs are fixedwithrespecttoNorth.

• InCourseUp mode, the VRM/EBLs arefixedwithrespectto the selected
course.

4-4 hsb

4.3 Using Marks

TheMarksfunctionallowsyoutoplaceamark anywhereontheradarpicture.
You can also move existingmarksordelete them. You shouldbeaware that
radarmarksarenot the same as chart waypoints and cannotbeusedin routes,
norcanthey be transferred to other displays.

Marksareplacedwith the default mark symbol ateither cursor or vessel
position.Ifyouwishto use a differentsymbol, you can change the default
settingfromtheRADAR SET UPmenu (seeSection 7.4). Mark symbols are

Using Marks

alwaysdisplayedwithinacircle.
Marksarestoredwiththeir latitude,longitudeandsymbol;the information is

retainedwhentheradaris turned off.Upto 100 marks can be storedineach
displayunit.

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

MARKS

MARKS

PLACE MRK
AT CURSOR

PLACE MRK
AT VESSEL

Note:Whenyou use the MARKS keytoaccesstheMarksfunction,simply
pressthekeymomentarilyand release it. If you hold itdownfor two seconds,
thePathfinderRadarwillentermanoverboard(MOB)mode,asdescribedin
Section 4.4.

TheMarksfunctionisonlyavailablewhenyourvessel’spositionisknownvia
theSeaTalk orNMEAconnection.

Placing a Mark

➤ Toplaceamarksymbol:

1. Press the MARKS key. The softkeysPLACE MRK AT CURSOR and PLACE
MRK AT VESSEL aredisplayed.

2. Toplaceamarkat the cursor,positionthecursorattherequiredpoint.If
youaredisplayingthecursor positionbox showing the lat/long position,
youcan check the coordinatesto place the mark accurately.
PressthePLACE MARK AT CURSOR softkey.The mark is placedusingthe
defaultsymbol.

3. Toplaceamarkat the vessel position,press PLACE MRK AT VESSEL.The
markis placed using the default symbol.

Note:If the Mark database is full, a warning message is displayed,withthe
position(inlatitudeandlongitude )of the oldest mark. You have the following
options:

i. Press the YES softkeytoreplacethisoldmarkwiththenewmark.
ii. PresstheNO soft keyto keep the old mark and displaythenextoldest

mark.YoucankeeppressingNO tostepthr oughthemarkdatabaseuntil
amark you wish to replace is displayed, and then press YES.

iii. PressCLEAR to keep all the existing marks, and cancel the newmark

placement.

Chapter 4: Integrated Radar Operations 4-5

Moving or Deleting a Mark

You can move ordeletemarksusing the context-sensitivecursor.

MRK

➤ Use the context sensitivecursortomoveordeleteamark (the label MRK

appearsunderthecursor). See Movinganddeletingitemswiththe context-
sensitive cursor onpage 1- 17.

4.4 Man Overboard (MOB)

Ifyoulose a personorobjectoverboard,andneedtoreturntothelocation ,you
shouldusetheMan Overboard (MOB) function immediately.

Note:To obtain an MOB position, you need either of thefollowing:

• Positiondatafroma GPS or equivalent device

• Headingandspeeddata,so that the position can be calculated by dead
reckoning

You can select the type of datausedfor the MOB position using the Set Up
Menus(seeSection 7.3).

MARKS

➤ ToinitiatetheMOBprocedure,pressandholdtheMARKS keyfortwo

seconds.
ThePathfinderPlusRadarthenperformsall the following tasks
automatically:

• Marks the current position with a MOB symbol.

(MOB)

Man Overboard

• TheMOB waypoint replaces any current active waypoint and route.

• DisplaystheMOBdata box, showing the bearing and distance from your
vesseltotheMOBwaypointposition,and the elapsedtimesincetheMOB
wasinitiated.

• Displaysthepositiondatabox,showingyour vessel’sposition.

• Asyour vessel moves away from the MOBposition,a dotted line is dis­playedconnectingtheMOB positionand the vessel’scurrentposition.

• Soundsa 4-secondalarm patternevery30 seconds.

• Sendsan MOB message to other units in the system,viatheSeaT alk con­nection.

4-6 hsb

Figure 4-2: MOB Alarm

2

PLUS Series CRT Display

Cursor Echo

MARKS

4.5 Cursor Echo

➤ TocanceltheMOB,pressand hold the MARK keyfor2seconds.

Note:The MOB procedure can also be initiatedorcancelledremotelyifthe
appropriateSeaTalkmessageisreceivedbythe PathfinderRadar.

Ina combined radar/chartdisplay, orin a system with any chartdisplay
connectedvia Seatalk,youcanset thedisplayto enablecursortransfe r.Cursor
echo(accessedfromtheSetUp Menu)enablesyou todisplaya chartcursoron
theradarpicture,ora radar cursor on the chart picture (you cannot display a
remoteradarcursorin a radar window,noraremotechartcursorin a chart
window).

Thefollowingoptionsareprovided:

• RadarCursorIn:displays the cursor from anotherradaronthechartdis-
playorchart window (default - OFF).

• ChartCursorIn:displaysthe cursor from another chartplotteron the
radardisplayorradarwindow(default- OFF).

Note:The remote display must have SeaTalk Cursor Outenabled.
Raymarinerecommendthatinmulti-displaysystems,youdonotenable Cur­sorOut on more than two displays. If multiple displays have cursor out en­abled,thecursorswillnotbe displayed simultaneously,butwill flash on/off.

• SeaTalk Cursor Out: enables the output, ontoSeaTalk, of thedisplay’s
owncursor(default- OFF).

• CursorEchoLocal:echoesthecursorpositionbetweenopen windowson
thesamedisplay(default-ON).

Whentheappropriateoptionis switched on, the displayshowsitsowncursor,
plusthe cursoroftheotherdisplay(s)withappropriatecursortext(RDR orCHT)
toindicateitsorigin.Thismeansthat you could move the cursor over atarget
ontheradardispla y,andchecktheidentityof the targetbylookingat the radar
cursorpositiononthechartplotter.

Referto Section 7.3 for cursor echo set up details.