QNAP TS-231, TS-231P, TS-251+-2G, TS-431+ User Manual

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QNAP Turbo NAS

Software User Manual

(Version: 4.3.x)

This manual is applicable to the following Turbo NAS models: TS-131, TS-131P TS-231,

TS-231+, TS-231P, TS-251, TS-251+, HS-251, HS-251+, TS-251C, TS-251A, TS-253 Pro,

TS-253A, TS-269L, TS-269 Pro, IS-400 Pro, TS-431, TS-431U, TS-431+, TS-431P, TS-451,

TS-451+, TS-451S, TS-451U, TS-451A, TBS-453A, IS-453S, TS-453S Pro, TS-453 Pro,

TS-453A, TS-453U, TS-453U-RP, TS-453mini, TS-453Bmini, TVS-463, TS-463U, TS-463U-RP,

TS-469 Pro, TS-469L, TS-469U-RP, TS-469U-SP, TS-470, TVS-470, TS-470U-RP, TS-470U-SP,

TS-470 Pro, TVS-471, TVS-471U, TVS-471U-RP, TVS-473, TS-531P, TS-531X, TS-563, TS-569

Pro, TS-569L, TS-651, TS-653 Pro, TS-653A, TVS-663, TS-669 Pro, TS-669L, TS-670 Pro,

TS-670, TVS-670, TVS-671, TVS-673, TVS-682, TVS-682T, TS-831X, TS-851, TS-853 Pro,

TS-853S Pro, TS-853U, TS-853U-RP, TS-853A, TS-863U, TVS-863, TVS-863+, TS-863U-RP,

TS-869 Pro, TS-869L, TS-869U-RP, TS-870 Pro, TS-870, TVS-870, TS-870U-RP, TVS-871T,

TVS-871, TVS-871U-RP, TVS-873, TS-879 Pro, TS-879U-RP, TS-EC879U-RP,

TS-EC880U(TS-EC880U-RP), TVS-EC880, TS-EC880 Pro, TS-EC880U R2, TVS-882, TVS-882T,

TVS-882ST, TVS-882S, TS-1079 Pro, TVS-EC1080+, TVS-EC1080, TS-EC1080 Pro, TS-1253U,

TS-1253U-RP, TS-1263U, TS-1263U-RP, TS-1269U-RP, TS-1270U-RP, TVS-1271U-RP,

TS-1279U-RP, TS-EC1279U-RP, TS-EC1279U-SAS-RP, SS-EC1279U-SAS-RP,

TS-EC1280U(TS-EC1280U-RP), TVS-EC1280U-SAS-RP, TS-EC1280U R2,

TVS-EC1280U-SAS-RP R2, TVS-1282, TVS-1282T, TVS-EC1580MU-SAS-RP,

TVS-EC1580MU-SAS-RP R2, TS-1635, TS-1679U-RP, TS-EC1679U-RP, TS-EC1679U-SAS-RP,

TS-EC1680U(TS-EC1680U-RP), TS-EC1680U R2, TVS-EC1680U-SAS-RP,

TVS-EC1680U-SAS-RP R2, SS-EC1879U-SAS-RP, SS-EC2479U-SAS-RP,

TS-EC2480U(TS-EC2480U-RP), TS-EC2480U R2, TVS-EC2480U-SAS-RP,

TVS-EC2480U-SAS-RP R2, TDS-16489U, TES-1885U, TES-3085U.

Table of Contents

Notice ................................................................................................................................................................................ 6

Legal Notice and Disclaimer .......................................................................................................................................... 7

Regulatory Notice ......................................................................................................................................................... 9

Document Annotation ................................................................................................................................................ 11

Safety Information and Precautions ........................................................................................................................... 12

Getting Started ................................................................................................................................................................ 13

Hardware Installation ................................................................................................................................................. 14

Hard Disk Drive Compatibility List ........................................................................................................................... 15

Checking System Status .......................................................................................................................................... 16

Software Installation ................................................................................................................................................... 19

Smart Installation Guide ......................................................................................................................................... 20

Cloud Installation .................................................................................................................................................... 21

HDMI Installation .................................................................................................................................................... 22

Getting Utilities ........................................................................................................................................................... 23

Connecting to NAS Shared Folders ............................................................................................................................. 24

Windows ................................................................................................................................................................. 25

Mac or Linux ............................................................................................................................................................ 26

Connecting to NAS by Web Browser ........................................................................................................................... 27

Migrating NAS ............................................................................................................................................................. 28

QTS Basics and Desktop .................................................................................................................................................. 32

Introducing QTS .......................................................................................................................................................... 33

Using QTS Desktop ...................................................................................................................................................... 35

System Settings ............................................................................................................................................................... 41

General Settings .......................................................................................................................................................... 42

Storage Manager ......................................................................................................................................................... 45

Dashboard ............................................................................................................................................................... 50

Storage .................................................................................................................................................................... 52

iSCSI ......................................................................................................................................................................... 99

Virtual Disk ............................................................................................................................................................ 117

Security ..................................................................................................................................................................... 119

Hardware .................................................................................................................................................................. 121

Power ........................................................................................................................................................................ 126

Notification ............................................................................................................................................................... 128

Firmware Update ...................................................................................................................................................... 131

Backup/Restore ......................................................................................................................................................... 133

External Device ......................................................................................................................................................... 135

External Storage .................................................................................................................................................... 136

USB Printer ............................................................................................................................................................ 139

UPS ........................................................................................................................................................................ 146

System Status ............................................................................................................................................................ 149

System Logs ............................................................................................................................................................... 150

Resource Monitor ..................................................................................................................................................... 154

Privilege Settings ........................................................................................................................................................... 156

Users ......................................................................................................................................................................... 157

User Groups .............................................................................................................................................................. 162

Shared Folders .......................................................................................................................................................... 164

Quota ........................................................................................................................................................................ 175

Domain Security ........................................................................................................................................................ 176

Joining NAS to Active Directory (Windows Server 2003/2008/2012) .................................................................. 177

Connecting NAS to an LDAP Directory .................................................................................................................. 180

Domain Controller ..................................................................................................................................................... 183

Network & File Services ................................................................................................................................................ 190

Network & Virtual Switch ......................................................................................................................................... 191

Network Access ......................................................................................................................................................... 208

Win/Mac/NFS ............................................................................................................................................................ 210

Telnet/SSH................................................................................................................................................................. 214

SNMP Settings ........................................................................................................................................................... 215

Service Discovery ...................................................................................................................................................... 217

FTP ............................................................................................................................................................................. 218

Network Recycle Bin ................................................................................................................................................. 220

Business Applications .................................................................................................................................................... 222

Antivirus .................................................................................................................................................................... 223

Backup Station .......................................................................................................................................................... 227

Backup Server ....................................................................................................................................................... 228

Remote Replication ............................................................................................................................................... 232

Snapshot Replica ................................................................................................................................................... 239

Cloud Backup......................................................................................................................................................... 241

External Backup ..................................................................................................................................................... 242

File Station ................................................................................................................................................................ 248

LDAP Server ............................................................................................................................................................... 262

QVPN Service ............................................................................................................................................................ 264

Qsync Central ............................................................................................................................................................ 274

SQL Server ................................................................................................................................................................. 284

NTP Service ............................................................................................................................................................... 286

RADIUS Server ........................................................................................................................................................... 287

Syslog Server ............................................................................................................................................................. 289

TFTP Server ............................................................................................................................................................... 292

Virtualization ............................................................................................................................................................. 294

Web Server ................................................................................................................................................................ 297

Virtual Host ........................................................................................................................................................... 300

Other Applications ........................................................................................................................................................ 302

App Center ................................................................................................................................................................ 303

DLNA Media Server ................................................................................................................................................... 306

Download Station...................................................................................................................................................... 308

Helpdesk .................................................................................................................................................................... 316

HybridDesk Station ................................................................................................................................................... 319

iTunes Server ............................................................................................................................................................. 322

Multimedia Management ......................................................................................................................................... 323

Music Station ............................................................................................................................................................ 327

myQNAPcloud Service .............................................................................................................................................. 334

Photo Station ............................................................................................................................................................ 342

Video Station ............................................................................................................................................................. 356

Mobile Apps .................................................................................................................................................................. 366

Computer Utilities ......................................................................................................................................................... 371

NAS Add-ons ................................................................................................................................................................. 373

Use the LCD Panel ......................................................................................................................................................... 379

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE .................................................................................................................................... 384

Notice

 Legal Notice and Disclaimer  Regulatory Notice  Document Annotation  Safety Information and Precautions

Legal Notice and Disclaimer

Thank you for choosing QNAP products! This user manual provides detailed instructions of using the Turbo

NAS (network-attached storage). Please read carefully and start to enjoy the powerful functions of the

Turbo NAS!

 The Turbo NAS is hereafter referred to as the NAS.

 This manual provides the description of all the functions of the NAS. The product you purchased may

not support certain functions dedicated to specific models.

Legal Notices

All the features, functionality, and other product specifications are subject to change without prior notice

or obligation. Information contained herein is subject to change without notice.

QNAP and the QNAP logo are trademarks of QNAP Systems, Inc. All other brands and product names

referred to are trademarks of their respective holders.

Further, the ® or ™ symbols are not used in the text.

Disclaimer

Information in this document is provided in connection with QNAP products. No license, express or implied,

by estoppels or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. Except as

provided in QNAP's terms and conditions of sale for such products, QNAP Assumes no liability whatsoever,

and QNAP disclaims any express or implied warranty, relating to sale and/or use of QNAP products

including liability or warranties relating to fitness for a particular purpose, merchantability, or

infringement of any patent, copyright or other intellectual property right.

QNAP products are not intended for use in medical, life saving, life sustaining, critical control or safety

systems, or in nuclear facility applications.

In no event shall QNAP Systems, Inc. (QNAP) liability exceed the price paid for the product from direct,

indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages resulting from the use of the product, its

accompanying software, or its documentation. QNAP makes no warranty or representation, expressed,

implied, or statutory, with respect to its products or the contents or use of this documentation and all

accompanying software, and specifically disclaims its quality, performance, merchantability, or fitness for

any particular purpose. QNAP reserves the right to revise or update its products, software, or

documentation without obligation to notify any individual or entity.

Back up the system periodically to avoid any potential data loss. QNAP disclaims any responsibility of all

sorts of data loss or recovery.

Should you return any components of the NAS package for refund or maintenance, make sure they are

carefully packed for shipping. Any form of damages due to improper packaging will not be compensated.

QNAP, QNAP logo, QTS, myQNAPcloud and VioStor are trademarks or registered trademarks of QNAP

Systems, Inc. or its subsidiaries. Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.

Regulatory Notice

FCC Notice

QNAP NAS comply with different FCC compliance classes. Please refer the Appendix for details. Once the

class of the device is determined, refer to the following corresponding statement.

FCC Class A Notice

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

1. This device may not cause harmful interference.

2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired

operation.

Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device,

pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against

harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment

generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with

the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this

equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference, in which case the user will be

required to correct the interference at his own expense.

Modifications: Any modifications made to this device that are not approved by QNAP Systems, Inc. may

void the authority granted to the user by the FCC to operate this equipment.

FCC Class B Notice

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

1. This device may not cause harmful interference.

2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired

operation.

Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device,

pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against

harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio

frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful

interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in

a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception,

which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the

interference by one or more of the following measures:

 Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.  Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

 Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is

FCC

NAS Models

Class A

TS-EC1679U-RP, TS-EC1279U-RP, TS-EC879U-RP, TS-1679U-RP,

TS-1279U-RP, TS-1270U-RP, TS-1263U-RP, TS-1263U,TS-1253U-RP,

TS-1253U, TS-879U-RP, TS-870U-RP, TS-863U-RP, TS-853U-RP,

TS-453U-RP, TS-1079 Pro, TS-879 Pro, TS-863U, TS-853U, TS-463U,

TS-463U-RP, TS-453U-RP, TS-453U, TS-451U, TS-431U, TVS-871U-RP,

TVS-1271U-RP

Class B

TS-853S Pro, TS-453S Pro, TS-870 Pro, TS-853 Pro, TS-670 Pro, TS-653 Pro,

TS-470 Pro, TS-453 Pro, TS-253 Pro, TS-431+, TS-231+, TS-451S, TS-870,

TS-851, TS-670, TS-651, TS-470, TVS-863+, TVS-863, TVS-663, TVS-463,

TVS-471, TVS-671, TVS-871,TS-451, TS-451+, TS-431, TS-251, TS-251+,

TS-251C, TS-231, TS-131, TS-269H, TS-212P, TS-112P, HS-251, HS-251+,

HS-210, TS-453mini, TS-563, IS-453S, TS-531P, TS-253A, TS-453A,

TS-653A, TS-853A, TS-128, TS-228, TAS-168, TAS-268, TS-831X,

TVS-682T, TVS-882T, TVS-1282T, TVS-682, TVS-882, TVS-1282

connected.

 Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for help.

Modifications: Any modifications made to this device that are not approved by QNAP Systems, Inc. may

void the authority granted to the user by the FCC to operate this equipment.

CE Notice

QNAP Turbo NAS models comply with different CE compliance classes. Please refer to the table for details.

Document Annotation

Annotations in this document

 Warning: This indicates the instructions must be strictly followed. Failure to do so could result in

injury to human body or death.

 Caution: This indicates the action may lead to disk clearance or loss OR failure to follow the

instructions could result in data damage, disk damage, or product damage.

 Important: This indicates the information provided is important or related to legal regulations.

Warning:

 There is the danger of explosion if a battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only with the same

or equivalent type recommended by the manufacturer. Dispose of used batteries according

to the manufacturer’s instructions.

 To avoid serious injuries do NOT touch the fan inside the system.

Safety Information and Precautions

1. The NAS can operate normally in the temperature of 0ºC–40ºC and relative humidity of 0%–95%.

Ensure the environment is well-ventilated.

2. The power cord and devices connected to the NAS must provide correct supply voltage (100W,

90–264V).

3. Do not place the NAS in direct sunlight or near chemicals. Ensure the usage environment's

temperature and humidity is suited for using electronics.

4. Unplug the power cord and all connected cables before cleaning. Wipe the NAS with a dry towel. Do

not use chemicals or aerosols to clean the NAS.

5. Do not place any objects on the NAS during normal system operations and to avoid overheating.

6. Use the flat head screws in the product package to lock the hard disk drives in the NAS when

installing the hard drives for proper operation.

7. Do not place the NAS near any liquid.

8. Do not place the NAS on any uneven surface to avoid falling off and damage.

9. Make sure the voltage is correct in your location when using the NAS. If unsure, contact your

distributor or the local power company.

10. Do not place any object on the power cord.

11. Never attempt to repair the NAS. Improper disassembly of the product may expose you to

electric shock or other risks. For repair-related enquiries, please contact your distributor.

12. Rackmount NAS models should only be installed in server rooms and maintained by authorized

server managers or IT administrators. The server room should be sufficiently locked and only

certified staff allowed to enter.

Getting Started

New NAS users are advised to follow the below steps to complete their NAS installation. For users who

already own a QNAP NAS and would like to move the data to a new QNAP NAS, refer to Migrating NAS for

detailed instructions.

For New NAS Users:

1. Hardware Installation

2. Software Installation

3. Getting Utilities

4. Connecting to the Shared Folders

5. Connecting to the NAS by Web Browser

For Existing NAS Users:

 Migrating NAS

Note:

The steps above are also illustrated in the Quick Installation Guide (QIG) that can be

found in the product package or QNAP website (http://start.qnap.com).

Hardware Installation

After unpacking the NAS, first follow these instructions to install your hardware:

1. Install the hard drives. Before doing so, ensure the hard drives (HDDs) that you use are compatible

with the NAS. Go to the Hard Disk Drive Compatibility List section for more details.

2. Connect the QNAP NAS to the same network as your PC and power it on. During your installation

process, pay attention to LEDs and alarm buzzers to make sure that the NAS functions properly. Go

to the Checking System Status section for more details.

Note:

If you encounter a "Device not found" message, ensure that:

Your NAS has been powered on;

The network cable is connected to the NAS and the orange and green indicator lights on

its LAN port(s) are blinking; and

The cloud key is correct.

Important:

QNAP disclaims any responsibility for product damage/malfunction or data

loss/recovery due to misuse or improper installation of hard disks in any occasions for any

reasons.

Caution:

Note that

if you install a hard drive (new or used) which has never been

installed on the NAS before, the hard drive will be formatted and partitioned

automatically and all the disk data will be cleared.

Hard Disk Drive Compatibility List

This product works with 2.5-inch and 3.5-inch SATA hard disk drives and/or solid-state drives (SSD) from

major hard drive brands. For a full list of compatible drives, check the compatibility list on the QNAP

website (http://www.qnap.com/compatibility).

LED

Color

LED Status

Description

System

Status

Red/

Green

Flashes green and

red alternately every

0.5 sec

1) The hard disk drive on the NAS is being formatted.

2) The NAS is being initialized.

3) The system firmware is being updated.

4) RAID rebuilding is in process.

5) Online RAID capacity expansion is in process.

6) Online RAID level migration is in process.

Red

1) The hard disk drive is invalid.

2) The disk volume has reached its full capacity.

3) The disk volume is going to be full.

4) The system fan is out of function (TS-119 does not

support smart fan).

5) An error occurs when accessing (read/write) the

disk data.

6) A bad sector is detected on the hard disk drive.

7) The NAS is in degraded read-only mode (2

member hard drives fail in a RAID 5 or RAID 6

configuration, the disk data can still be read).

8) Hardware self-test error.

Flashes red every 0.5

sec

The NAS is in degraded mode (one member hard drive

fails in RAID 1, RAID 5 or RAID 6 configuration).

Flashes green every

0.5 sec

1) The NAS is starting up.

2) The NAS is not configured.

3) The hard disk drive is not formatted.

Flashes green every 2

sec

The NAS is in S3 Sleep Mode1. Green

The NAS is ready.

Off

All the hard disk drives on the NAS are in standby

mode.

Power

Green Flashes green

The NAS is booting up.

Green

The NAS is on and ready.

Checking System Status

LED Display & System Status Overview

LED

Color

LED Status

Description

LAN

Orange Orange

The disk data is being accessed from the network.

Flashes orange

The NAS is connected to the network.

10 GbE

Green Green

The 10GbE network expansion card is installed.

Off

No 10GbE network expansion card is installed.

HDD

Red/

Green

Red

A hard drive read/write error occurs.

Flashes green

The disk data is being accessed.

Green

The hard drive can be accessed.

USB

Blue

Flashes blue every

0.5 sec

1) A USB device (connected to front USB port) is

being detected.

2) A USB device (connected to front USB port) is

being removed from the NAS.

3) The USB device (connected to the front USB port)

is being accessed.

4) The data is being copied to or from the external

USB or eSATA device.

Blue

A front USB device is detected (after the device is

mounted).

Off

1) No USB device is detected.

2) The NAS has finished copying the data to or from

the USB device connected to the front USB port of

the NAS.

eSATA

Orange Flashes

The eSATA device is being accessed.

Off

No eSATA device can be detected.

Beep sound

No. of Times

Description

Short beep

(0.5 sec)

1) The NAS is starting up.

2) The NAS is being shut down (software shutdown).

3) The user presses the reset button to reset the NAS.

4) The system firmware has been updated.

This feature is only supported by certain NAS models. Visit http://www.qnap.com for more details.

Alarm Buzzer

The alarm buzzer can be disabled in "Control Panel" > "System Settings" > "Hardware" > "Buzzer

Short beep

(0.5 sec)

The NAS data cannot be copied to the external storage device

from the front USB port.

Short beep

(0.5 sec), long

beep (1.5 sec)

3, every 5 min

The system fan is out of function (TS-119 does not support

smart fan).

Long beep

(1.5 sec)

1) The disk volume is going to be full.

2) The disk volume has reached its full capacity.

3) The hard disk drives on the NAS are in degraded mode.

4) The user starts hard drive rebuilding.

1) The NAS is turned off by force shutdown (hardware

shutdown).

2) The NAS has been turned on and is ready.

Software Installation

After installing the NAS hardware, proceed to software installation. There are three approaches for

software installation:

1. Smart Installation Guide

2. Cloud Installation

3. HDMI Installation

Online installation and cloud installation are available for all new NAS models. All users are

encouraged to use cloud and online installation if possible. Contact our technical support

department if any problem arises during the installation process

(http://www.qnap.com/support).

Smart Installation Guide

Follow the steps in this section to complete online installation for your NAS:

1. Go to http://start.qnap.com.

2. Choose the number of HDD bays and the model of your NAS and click "Start Now".

3. Click "Hardware" and follow the on-screen instructions to get hardware ready.

4. Scroll down to "Install firmware" and click "Local Installation".

5. Choose your operating system to download, install and run Qfinder Pro.

6. After installing Qfinder Pro, launch it to search for your NAS. Double click on your NAS in Qfinder Pro

to start the Smart Installation Guide. Follow the on-screen instructions to the built-in Qfinder Pro

Setup Wizard will guide you along the way to complete the firmware installation.

7. Proceed to log into QTS with your account username and password to log in (QTS is the operating

system for the Turbo NAS).

Note:

If you encounter a "Device not found" message, ensure that:

1. Your NAS has been powered on;

2. the network cable is connected to the NAS and the orange and green indicator lights on its LAN

port(s) are blinking; and

3. The cloud key is correct.

Cloud Installation

Follow the steps in this section to complete cloud installation for your NAS:

1. Connect your NAS to the Internet, and on your PC, go to "install.qnap.com”.

2. Enter the cloud key (cloud key can be found from the sticker on top of your QNAP NAS) and click

"Enter".

3. Login to or register for myQNAPclould account. An activation email will be sent for new accounts.

Click Confirm Registration in email to activate account.

4. Enter a name for your QNAP NAS. This name will be used to remotely access your device. Click Next.

5. Install hard drives on your Turbo NAS if you have not already done so.

6. On the Welcome page, click Start Smart Installation Guide to start the NAS installation process.

7. On the Name / Password page, enter your NAS name and admin password. Click Next.

8. On the Date / Time page, select your preferred time and date settings. Click Next.

9. On the Network page, enter your network settings. Click Next.

10. On the Services page, select which OS features you would like enabled. Multiple selections are

allowed. Click Next.

11. On the Multimedia page, select if you would like to enable multimedia functions immediately after

set up. Multiple selections are allowed. Click Next.

12. On the Disk page, select if you would like to configure disks now or later. Click Next.

13. On the Summary page, review your settings. Click Next if settings are correct. Click Back to make

changes.

Note:

 This installation is restricted to NAS models with an HDMI port.

 The default login ID and password of the NAS are both "admin".

HDMI Installation

Follow the steps in this section to complete the HDMI installation for your NAS:

1. Connect the NAS to an HDMI display.

2. Follow the onscreen instructions to complete the firmware installation.

3. Choose to install HD Station or log into QTS with QTS account username and password (QTS is the

operating system for the NAS).

Getting Utilities

Visit http://www.qnap.com/ and go to "Support" > "Download" > "Utilities" and choose to

download and install the utilities on your PC.

Connecting to NAS Shared Folders

After installing the hardware and software, it is time to connect to the shared folders on the NAS. Refer to

these links for the connection setup:

 Connecting to NAS shared folders in Windows  Connecting to NAS shared folders in Mac or Linux

Note:

Alternatively, you can use the Storage Plug & Connect Wizard to connect to NAS

shared folders. The steps:

Launch QNAP

Qfinder Pro

;

Select "Storage Plug & Connect" under "Connect";

Check "Login with username and password" and enter the username and password;

Click a NAS shared folder;

Click

"Map the Network Drive"

Windows

There are two methods for connecting to shared folders of the NAS when using Windows:

Method 1: Connect to the shared folders of the NAS by using QNAP Qfinder Pro

1. Launch QNAP Qfinder Pro. Select your NAS and then click "Tool" > "Map Network Drive".

2. Select a shared folder on the NAS to be mapped as a network drive and click "Map Network Drive".

3. Enter the username and password to connect to the NAS and click "OK".

4. Select a drive in the OS to map the folder chosen in Step 2 and click "Finish".

5. The mapped folder will appear when opening the File Explorer in Windows.

Method 2: Connect to the shared folders of the NAS by using File Explorer or Run

1. Open the Windows File Explorer, click on "Network" on the left and find the workgroup of the NAS. If

the NAS cannot be found, browse the whole network to search for the NAS. Double click the name of

the NAS to connect to it, or use the Run function in Windows (Windows key + R). Enter \\NAS_name

or \\NAS_IP.

2. Enter the default administrator name and password (the default login ID and password are both

"admin")..

3. Upload files to the shared folders.

Note: You must login as the "root" user to initiate the above command.

Mac or Linux

Mac Users

There are two methods to connect shared folders on a NAS:

Method 1: Using QNAP Qfinder Pro

1. Launch QNAP Qfinder Pro, select your NAS, and go to "Connect" > "Open in File Explorer".

2. Enter your login ID and password.

3. Select the folder you want to mount and click "OK".

4. The folder is mounted.

Method 2: Connecting to Server

1. Choose "Go" > "Connect to Server".

2. Enter the NAS IP address.

3. Enter your login ID and password.

4. Select the folder you want to mount and click "OK".

5. The folder is mounted.

Linux Users

On Linux, run the following command:

mount -t nfs <NAS IP>:/<Shared Folder Name> <Directory to Mount>

For example, if the IP address of the NAS is 192.168.0.1, to connect to the shared folder "public" under

the /mnt/pub directory, use the following command:

mount -t nfs 192.168.0.1:/public /mnt/pub

Log into the NAS with the specified user ID, use the mounted directory to connect to the shared folders.

Note: The default NAS IP is 169.254.100.100:8080. If the NAS has been configured to use DHCP, you

can use QNAP Qfinder Pro to check the IP address of the NAS. Make sure the NAS and the computer

that runs QNAP Qfinder Pro are connected to the same subnet. If the NAS cannot be found, connect

the NAS to the computer directly and run QNAP Qfinder Pro again.

Note: If the NAS is behind a NAT gateway, to connect to the NAS by secure login on the Internet, port

443 must be opened on the NAT router and forwarded to the LAN IP of the NAS.

Connecting to NAS by Web Browser

To connect to the NAS by a web browser, follow these steps:

1. Enter http://NAS IP:8080 in the web browser. Or if using QNAP Qfinder Pro, simply double click on

the NAS to open the login page.

2. Enter the administrator's login id and password. Enable "Secure login" (Secure Sockets Layer login) to

allow a secure connection to the NAS. If a user without administration rights logs into the NAS, the

user can only change the login password (the default login ID and password of the NAS are both

"admin").

3. The NAS Desktop will be displayed.

Destination

Source

HS-210,

TS-x09,

TS-x10,

TS-x12,

TS-x19,

TS-x20,

TS-x21,

TS-x39,

TS-x59

TS-x31

TS-x69

TS-x31+,

TS-x31X,

TS-x31P,

TS-1635

IS-400,

TS-x51,

TBS-x53,

IS-x53,

TS-x53,

TS-x63,

TVS-x63,

TS-x70,

TVS-x70,

TVS-x71,

TVS-x73,

TS-x79,

TS-ECx79,

SS-ECx79,

TS-ECx80,

TVS-ECx82,

TS-x85,

TDS-x89

HS-210,

TS-x09,

TS-x10,

TS-x12,

TS-x19,

TS-x20,

TS-x21,

TS-x39,



Migrating NAS

Users can migrate their existing NAS to another NAS model with all data and configuration retained by

simply installing the hard drives from the original (source) NAS to the new (destination) NAS and

restarting the destination NAS. To determine which NAS models support system migration, see the NAS

Migration Compatibility Table below.

NAS Migration Compatibility Table

The series listed in this table include all models in the series. For example, TS-x51 includes the models

TS-251, TS251+, TS-251C, TS-251A, TS-451, TS-451+, TS-451C, TS-451A, TS-651, TS-851. Note that

x31, x31+, x31X, x31P, and x35 are listed individually.

TS-x59

TS-x31 



TS-x69



TS-x31+,

TS-x31X,

TS-x31P,

TS-1635



IS-400,

TS-x51,

TBS-x53,

IS-x53,

TS-x53,

TS-x63,

TVS-x63,

TS-x70,

TVS-x70,

TVS-x71,

TVS-x73,

TS-x79,

TS-ECx79,

SS-ECx79,

TS-ECx80,

TVS-ECx82,

TS-x85,

TDS-x89



Note:

 Users are encouraged to use drives that are compatible with the NAS. Non-compatible drives may

lead to system migration failure. For the compatibility list, go to

http://www.qnap.com/compatibility.

 The destination NAS must have the drive slots to enclose all of the drives from the source NAS.  It is recommended that drive ordering of the source NAS is maintained in the destination NAS.

 The myQNAPcloud account of the source NAS will need to be updated manually to the destination

NAS after system migration.

 The McAfee License cannot be migrated to the new NAS. A new license will need to be purchased.

Using System Migration

 The myQNAPCloud SSL certification will have to be manually migrated to the destination NAS.

 The camera licenses for QVR Pro will not be migrated automatically. Contact technical support to

migrate the licenses to the new NAS after the migration.

Caution:

For rack mount NAS, the system migration procedure should be performed by an

authorized server manager or IT administrator to avoid system damage or serious injury.

1. Check that the source and destination NAS support system migration using the NAS Migration

Compatibility table.

2. Connect the power supply and network cable(s) to the destination NAS.

3. Boot up the destination NAS.

4. Download the source and destination NAS firmware from

https://www.qnap.com/en/product_x_down/. Make sure that both firmware are the same version and

build (QTS 4.2.0 or later).

5. Upgrading the firmware on the NAS. a. Update the source firmware on NAS.

i. Reboot the NAS. ii. Log into to QTS as an administrator. The default username/password is admin/admin. iii. Go to “Control Panel” > “Firmware Update” > “Firmware Update”. iv. Click "Browse" and locate source firmware.

v. Click "Update System". b. Update the destination firmware on the NAS (use Qfinder Pro if not any hard drives are installed).  If the destination NAS has not been initialized:

i. Download Qfinder Pro at https://www.qnap.com/en/utility/ and install. ii. Launch Qfinder Pro. iii. Right-click the destination NAS in Qfinder Pro and select "Update Firmware".

iv. Enter username and password of an administrator account. The default username/password is

admin/admin. v. Click "Browse" and locate source firmware. vi. Click "Update System".

 If the destination NAS already has hard drives installed and has been initialized, the user may use

the steps in either 5a or 5b to upgrade the firmware of the NAS.

6. Shut down both NAS.

7. Remove the hard drives from the source NAS and any hard drives from the destination NAS. Install

drives from the source NAS to destination NAS. It is recommended that drive order is maintained.

Refer to hardware user guides for drive slot numbering.

8. Boot up the destination NAS.

9. If prompted to update the firmware, follow the firmware update instructions to install the newest

firmware.

10. If the volumes do not appear after the firmware update, reinstalled the firmware using the steps in 5a

and the volumes will be accessible.

11. Optional: Check your NAS settings to determine if all settings were migrated by logging into QTS as

an administrator.

Due to the different specifications of different models, there is a slight chance that the settings may not be imported to the destination NAS. In this event, manual configuration will be required.

Some new features that are available on the destination NAS, but not on the source NAS, may only be available on newly created storage pools.

QTS Basics and Desktop

QTS is a user-friendly NAS operating system designed to enhance every aspect of your NAS experience.

With basic methods such as drag-and-drop or point and click, you can complete most NAS operations.

Check the following links to learn more about QTS:

 Introducing QTS  Using QTS Desktop

Introducing QTS

Built on a Linux foundation, QTS is shaped from an optimized kernel to deliver

high-performance services that satisfy needs for file storage, management, backup,

multimedia applications, surveillance, and more. The intuitive, multi-window and multi-tasking

QTS GUI make it incredibly easy to manage your NAS, use its rich home applications, enjoy

multimedia, and install more applications from an integrated App Center. QTS also adds value

to business applications and effectively increase business efficiency with abundant features,

including file sharing, iSCSI, virtualization, backup, privilege settings, and more. Coupled with

various utilities and smart mobile apps, QTS is the ultimate platform for building a personal or

private cloud, synchronizing data and sharing files.

NAS for Home - Easily enrich home entertainment and content sharing

Tons of photos, music, videos and documents are often scattered across multiple computers in

modern homes. QNAP NAS feature plenty of handy applications to let you smartly connect and

manage your data and enjoy a truly digital life in a well-secured home network. No boundaries

for multimedia sharing at home, and no boundaries for sharing content with family, and friends.

Learn more about the exciting features that a QNAP NAS offers you:

 Intuitive GUI with Multi-Windows, Multi-Tasking, Multi-Application, Multi-Device access support  Cross platform data storage, backup and sharing center  Revolutionary music, photo and home video center  Personal cloud storage  Free and large capacity for Dropbox-style data sync  Hundreds of install-on-demand applications from the App Center  Energy-efficient & eco-friendly

NAS for Business - Efficiently optimize business IT infrastructure

IT efficiency, coupled with low total cost of ownership (TCO) is an essential factor for business

competitiveness. QNAP NAS features advanced capabilities for keeping businesses running at maximum

efficiency including business-critical applications, seamless file sharing, easy integration into existing

networks, flexible virtualized IT environments, and more. Learn more about the compelling features that

a QNAP NAS offers your business:

 Large data storage, backup and file sharing center  Supports both scale-up and scale-out solutions for growing data needs

 Advanced storage management with dynamic thin-provisioning, SSD caching and JBOD expansion

functions

 Trustworthy data security and data encryption  Reliable IP SAN storage (iSCSI) as primary and secondary storage for virtualization environments  Private cloud storage  Free and large capacity for Dropbox-style data sync  Hundreds of install-on-demand applications from the App Center  Development Center for third-party partners to build apps for the NAS

No.

Name

Description

Show Desktop

Minimize or restore all open windows.

Main Menu

Show the Main Menu. It includes two parts:

1) SYSTEMS: Key system features and options designed to help you manage or

optimize your NAS.

2) APPLICATIONS: Applications developed by QNAP to enhance your NAS

experience.

Using QTS Desktop

After you finish the basic setup and login to the NAS, the desktop will appear. Each main desktop feature

is introduced in the following sections.

Topics covered in this chapter:

 QTS Desktop  2-step Verification

QTS Desktop

Please note that the default Internet browser, instead of a new window on the

NAS Desktop, will be launched once you click a third-party application.

Enter keywords in the search bar to find an application or function and related

instructions. Click the search result to launch an application or function or

consult its online QTS help.

Background

Task

Review or control (such as pause or postpone) all the tasks running in the

background. For example, HDD S.M.A.R.T. scanning, anti-virus scanning, file

backup, or multimedia conversion.

External

Device

List all external storage devices and USB printers that are connected to the NAS

via its USB or SATA ports. Click a listed device to open File Station to view this

device. Click "More>>" to open the External Device page for relevant settings

and operations (for more information about File Station, refer to the File Station

chapter). Click the eject icon (up-arrow icon) to eject the external device.

Notification

and Alert

You can check recent errors, warnings, and notifications here. Click “Clear All”

to clear the list. To view all historical events, click “More>>” to open System

Logs. For more information about System Logs, refer to the System Logs

chapter.

Options

 Profile: Specify your email address and change your profile picture. You can

also check System Logs and edit the Login Screen here.

 Wallpaper: Change the default wallpaper or upload your own photo and set

it as the wallpaper.

 2-step Verification: Enable 2-step Verification to enhance the security of

user accounts. For more information, refer to the 2-step Verification

section.

 Change Password: Change your login password.

 E-mail Account: Set up the email address you use when sharing files via

email in Music Station, Photo Station, Video Station, or File Station.

 Miscellaneous:

o Auto log-out after an idle period of: Specify the idle period after which

the user will be automatically logged out.

o Warn me when leaving QTS: Users will be prompted for confirmation

every time they try to leave the QTS Desktop (such as closing the

browser or clicking the “back” button of the browser). It is recommended

to enable this option.

o Reopen windows when logging back into QTS: If you enable this option,

all the current desktop settings (such as “the windows opened when your

log out") will be retained until your next login.

o Show the desktop switching button: Check this option to hide the next

desktop button (No. 12) and only display them when you move your

mouse cursor close to the buttons.

o Show the desktop switching button: Enable this option to show the “next

desktop” button (No. 12). If you disable this option, the “next desktop”

button will only appear when you move the mouse cursor near it.

o Show the link bar on the desktop: Enable this option to show the link bar

(No. 13, No. 14, No. 15, and no.16).

o Show the Dashboard button: Enable this option to show the Dashboard

button (NO. 10).

o Show the NAS time on the desktop: Enable this option to display the NAS

time in the bottom-right corner of the desktop.

o Keep Main Menu open after selection: Keep the Main Menu

pinned/unpinned on the desktop.

o Show a list of actions when external storage devices are detected:

Enable this option and the Autoplay dialog box will appear after you plug

in an external device.

Admin Options

Configure user-specific settings, change your user password, restart/shut down

the NAS or log out.

 Last login time: The last time when you logged in to the system.  Options: Refer to the previous section.

 Sleep: Put your NAS into sleep. There are three ways to wake up the NAS:

1) Press the power button until you hear a beep; 2) Use the Wake-on-LAN

(WOL) feature with QNAP Qfinder Pro or Qmanager. Note that to use this

method, WOL must be enabled in "Control Panel" > "Power" >

"Wake-on-LAN(WOL)"; 3) Press the power button on a RM-IR002 or MCE

remote control.

o Note: This feature is only available on certain models.

 Restart: Restart your NAS.  Shutdown: Shut down your NAS.

o Note: To power off a NAS, you can also:

Press and hold the power button on your NAS for 1.5 seconds. Run Qfinder Pro and click "Tools" > "Shut down Server".

 Logout: Log yourself out

 Help: Show NAS references, including Quick Start, Virtualization Guide,

Help Center, and Tutorials.

 Language: Choose your preferred language.

 Desktop Preference: Applications can be opened in Tab Mode, Window

Mode, or Frameless Mode. Only Tab Mode is available if you log in to the

NAS using a mobile device.

o Tab Mode: In this mode, the application window will be expanded to fit

the entire NAS Desktop, and only one application window can be

displayed at a time.

o Window mode: In this mode, the application window can be resized to

your preferred shape.

o Frameless Mode: In this mode, applications will be opened without their

frames.

 Help Request: Send a help request to QNAP.

 About: Check the NAS model, firmware version, numbers of hard drives

already installed and empty bays, used and unused storage space.

Dashboard

Check important NAS statistics, including system and hard drive health,

resources, storage usage, online users, scheduled tasks, etc. Click the header in

each widget to open its own page.

Desktop Area

Arrange or remove the applications on the desktop.

Next Desktop/

Last Desktop

Switch between different desktop pages.

myQNAPcloud

Go to the myQNAPcloud website.

QNAP Utility

Check and download NAS utilities and mobile apps.

Feedback

Go to QNAP Wiki or QNAP Forum, or seek Customer Service.

Help Request

Send a help request to QNAP.

Network

Recycle Bin

All of the deleted items can be found here. Right click on this icon to open the

Network Recycle Bin, empty it (delete files permanently), or configure it (refer

to the Network Recycle Bin chapter for more information).

2-step Verification

2-step Verification enhances the security of user accounts. Once enabled, you will need to enter a

one-time security code (6 digits) in addition to your password whenever you sign in to the NAS. 2-step

verification requires a mobile device with an authenticator app which supports the Time-based One-Time

password (TOTP) protocol. Supported apps include Google Authenticator (Android/iPhone/BlackBerry) or

Authenticator (Windows Phone).

Start 2-step verification

Tip:

 All of the Dashboard widgets can be dragged onto the desktop for monitoring specific details.  The Dashboard will be presented differently on different screen resolutions.

 The color of the Dashboard button will change based on the status of system health for quick

recognition.

1. Install the authenticator App on your mobile device: For Android and iOS devices, install the Google

Authenticator App from their respective App stores. For Windows Phone, install the Authenticator

from its Store.

2. The system times of your mobile device and NAS must be synchronized. It is recommended to use

the time provided from the Internet.

3. Go to "Options" > "2-step Verification" and click "Get Started". Complete the steps in the wizard to

set up the NAS and your mobile device.

4. Configure your authenticator App by scanning the QR code or by entering the Secret Key into the

App.

5. Enter the code generated from the app to the NAS to verify the correct configuration.

6. Select an alternative verification method by emailing you a security code or by answering a security

question if you cannot use your mobile device. To email a security code, the SMTP server must be

properly configured in "Control Panel" > "Notification" > "E-mail".

After your username and password are verified, you will be promoted to enter a security code. Enter the

code currently provided from the authenticator app to sign in to QTS. If you cannot use your mobile device

or your device is lost, you can select "Verify another way" to sign in with your chosen alternative

verification method.

Stop 2-step verification

If you want to disable 2-step verification, go to "Options" > "2-step Verification" and click "Stop".

Administrators can disable 2-step verification for other NAS account users if they are locked out by going

to "Control Panel" > "Users" > "Edit Account Profile"

If an administrator cannot use a mobile device to sign in to QTS and no other administrators are available

to disable 2-step verification for the locked-out administrator, the NAS must be restored to factory

settings by physically pressing the "RESET" button on the NAS.

Note:



The recommended minimum screen resolution for QTS 4.x is 1024x768.



The sleep function will automatically be disabled if the NAS has QNAP expansion

enclosure(s) connected to it.

System Settings

Go to

"Control Panel" > "System Settings" to set up your NAS.

For details on the settings, refer to the following links:

 General Settings  Storage Manager  Network  Security  Hardware  Power  Notification  Firmware Update  Backup/Restore  External Device  System Status  System Logs

General Settings

Go to "Control Panel" > "System Settings" > "General Settings" to configure basic settings of the

NAS.

Topics covered in this chapter:



System Administration



Time



Daylight Saving Time



Codepage



System Administration



Basic Settings:

characters and can be a combination of letters (a-z, A-Z), numbers (0-9), and dash (-),

Space ( ), period ()., or pure numbers are not allowed. Enter a port number for system

management. The default port is 8080. The services which use this port include: System

Management, Photo Station, Music Station, File Station and Download Station. If you are

not sure about this setting, use the default port number.

Enter the name of the NAS. The NAS name supports maximum 14



Enable Secure Connection (HTTPS):

Enable secure connection (HTTPS) and enter the port number. If the option "Force secure

Allows users to connect to the NAS by HTTPS.

connection (HTTPS) only" is enabled, users can only connect to the web administration

Note:

First time synchronization may take several minutes to complete.

page by HTTPS.



Force Secure Connection (HTTPS):

log into the NAS using HTTPS.



Disable and hide the home/multimedia features such as Photo Station, Music

Station, Surveillance Station, Download Station, iTunes server, and DLNA media

server:

2.0 and 1.0.5), Surveillance Station, Download Station, DJ Station, iTunes server, Media

Library and DLNA media server, may be hidden or disabled by default on the following NAS

models: x70U, x79 Pro, x79U, TS-x51,TS-x31+, TS-x31,TS-269H and HS-210. To enable

the multimedia features for those models, uncheck this option.

Time



Basic time settings:

location of the NAS. If the settings are incorrect, the following problems may occur:

Multimedia features, including Photo Station, Music Station, Video Station (both

When using a web browser to connect to the NAS or save a file, the displayed time of the

After enabling this option, you can only connect and

Adjust the date and time format and time zone according to the

action will be incorrect.

The time of event logs will be inconsistent with the actual time when an action occurs.

All scheduled jobs will be run at an incorrect time.



Manual Setting:



Synchronize with an Internet time server automatically:

automatically synchronize the date and time of the NAS with an NTP (Network Time

Protocol) server. Enter the IP address/domain name of the NTP server (for example:

time.nist.gov, time.windows.com) then enter the time interval for synchronization. This

option can only be used when the NAS is connected to the Internet.



Set the server time the same as your computer time:

NAS with your computer's time, click "Update" next to this option.

Daylight Saving Time

Select this option to manually set the time of the NAS.

Enable this option to

To synchronize the time of the

If your region uses daylight saving time (DST), enable "Adjust system clock automatically for

daylight saving time" and click "Apply". The latest DST schedule of the time zone specified in the

"Time" section will be shown. The system time will be adjusted automatically according to the

DST. Note that if your region does not adopt DST, the options on this page will not be available.

To manually enter the DST table, select the option "Enable customized daylight saving time

table". Click "Add Daylight Saving Time Data", enter the daylight saving time schedule, and click

"Apply" to save the settings.

Note:

All of the files and directories on the NAS use Unicode encoding. If your FTP clients or

PC OS does not support Unicode, select the language which is the same as the OS language

in order to properly view files and directories on the NAS.

Codepage

Select the language the NAS uses to display files and directories.

The administrator can customize the login screen by going to “Control Panel” > “General

Settings” > “Login Screen”. There are two templates to choose from: classic and photo wall.

Classic login page settings:



Show firmware version: Display QTS firmware verion on bottom right of login page.



Show the link bar: Display links to myQNAPCloud, QNAP Utility, and Feedback links to the

bottom of the login page.



Background: Select a photo to use as login screen background, then select center, fill, fit,

stretch, or tile as the display mode. Click remove to set background to default image.



Logo: Select image to use as a logo on login screen. Click remove to remove logo.



Message: Enter a personal login message. You may select font color and size.

Photo Wall page settings:



Show firmware version: Display QTS firmware verion on bottom right of login page.



Show the link bar: Display links to myQNAPCloud, QNAP Utility, and Feedback links at the

bottom of the login page.



Message Title: Enter a personal message title for the login page.



Message: Enter a personal message for the login page.



Randomly select 100 photos: Use 100 random photos stores on the NAS for login page

background.



Display the most recently shared 100 photos: Use 100 most recently shared photos on NAS

for login page background.



Change Picture: Select an image to use as a logo on login screen. Click remove to remove

logo.



Use my profile picture: Use user account profile picture as login screen logo.

After you finish the above settings, click "Preview" to preview your settings or "Apply" to save

changes.

Note: Some features listed above are only applicable to certain NAS models.

Storage Manager

Based on QNAP's Flexible Volume Architecture, the Storage Manager provides a secure, flexible and

comprehensive approach to managing data on your NAS and offers useful features such as:

 Storage pools & multiple RAID groups  Thin-provisioned volumes & space reclamation  Snapshot & Snapshot Replica  Online capacity expansion

These features provide a complete storage solution for your valuable data.

QNAP Flexible Volume Architecture

The QNAP Flexible Volume Architecture consists of the following four layers: Disk Management, Storage

Pool Management, Volume Management and Shared Folder Management, as shown below:

Basic Storage Management Architecture

Each layer is designed to cover an aspect of the storage system. The four layers combine to offer you a

comprehensive range of options to store and protect your data on your QNAP NAS.

 RAID Group: RAID groups combine multiple physical disk drives into a single logical unit to provide

data redundancy, performance improvements, or both.

 Storage pool: Storage pools aggregate physical hard drives or RAID groups into large storage

spaces. A storage pool can be expanded by adding new RAID groups into it or by adding new disks

to an existing RAID group.

 Hot Spare: A hot spare is a backup hard drive in the NAS that is used only when a disk in a RAID

group fails. The hot spare will automatically replace the faulty disk and the data will be rebuilt to the

hot spare.

 Volume: Volumes are storage spaces on your NAS. A volume is formatted by the file system to store

shared folders and files. There are three types of volumes: thick, thin and static. Thick/thin volumes

must be created in a storage pool, and a storage pool can contain multiple thick/thin volumes. A

thick/thin volume can be resized to a greater capacity if there is available space in the storage pool.

Static volumes, on the other hand, are created from a RAID group instead of a storage pool. A static

volume can be expanded by adding new RAID groups into it or by adding new disks to an existing

RAID group. More information on volumes can be found here.

 iSCSI LUN: iSCSI LUNs are logical volumes mapped to iSCSI targets. There are two types of LUNs:

block-based and file-based. Block-based LUNs are usually preferred to File-based LUNs. The

difference between block-based LUN and file-based LUN can be found here.

 Shared folder: Shared folders are created in volumes and are used to store and share files with

users or groups that have access privileges.

For more information on Storage Manager, please refer to the links below:

 Creating new storage pools.  Creating new volumes.  Creating new shared folders.  Creating iSCSI LUNs.

Advanced Storage Architecture

Qtier - Auto-tiering storage management architecture

 Qtier storage pool: Qtier is an automated-tiering storage solution that consists of different types of

disks to form a multiple-drive volume that during low-load times or based on your schedule:

o Moves frequently used data onto high-performance disks (ie. SSDs) for high-availability or high

I/O cache throughput.

o Moves less frequently used data onto low-cost, high-capacity disks (ie. SATA drives) for better

cost efficiency.

 There are three speed tiers of disks:

o Ultra-High speed tier: Ultra-high speed tier is a RAID group that consists of SSD for hot data.

o High speed tier: High speed tier is a RAID group that consists of SAS disks for the data that is

between hot data and cold data.

o Capacity tier: Capacity tier is a RAID group that consists of SATA disks for cold data.

 Cache Acceleration: The Cache Acceleration feature is designed to boost access performance of the

NAS by the use of SSD(s). More information on cache acceleration can be found here.

Click here for more information on setting up Qtier.

Disaster-recovery storage management architecture

 Snapshot: Take a snapshot to record the state of a volume/LUN. After snapshots are taken, they can

be used to restore the volume/LUN’s state to the time the snapshot was taken. Users may also

choose to only restore particular folders/files in the volume from the Snapshot.

 Snapshot Replica: The Snapshot Replica allows you to replicate the volume/LUNs between different

remote servers using snapshot technology, which provides a flexible and efficient backup service for

IT professionals.

 Snapshot Vault: Snapshot Vault stores snapshots sent from remote NAS via Snapshot Replica.

Snapshot Vault also lets you manage and restore remote snapshots.

Features

Legacy

Volume

Static

Volume

QTS 4.1 Storage

Pool Flexible

Volume

QTS 4.2 Storage

Pool Flexible

Volume

Performance level

High

Medium

Online RAID

migration

● ● ●

●

Online RAID

expansion

● ● ●

●

File-based LUN

● ● ●

●

Block-based LUN

●

Thin provisioning

●

SSD cache

● ● ●

JBOD RAID

expansion

● ● ●

JBOD expansion

roaming

● ● ●

Snapshot

●

Snapshot Replica

●

Snapshot Vault

●

Click here for more information on creating replication jobs.

This architecture supports four distinct types of volumes adapted by QNAP over the years, and each

volume type supports different storage features:

Note:

 It is strongly recommended that each JBOD has its own storage pool. Do not create storage pools

that include hard drives outside the JBOD. Only add new disks to the JBOD (or replace the existing

disks in the JBOD) when expanding the storage pool. Otherwise, data stored on the JBOD will

become inaccessible when connected to a different NAS host.

 To migrate storage pools from a previous firmware version to QTS 4.2, please check the migration

tutorial: https://www.qnap.com/i/au/trade_teach/con_show.php?op=showone&cid=139

For specific setup of the Storage Manager, please refer to the following links:

 Dashboard  Storage  iSCSI  Virtual Disk

Dashboard

The Storage Manager dashboard provides an overview for IT administrators to easily monitor and

manage storage allocations.

Overview

There are three sections on the page: Disk, Volume/LUN and Storage Pool. They are described below:

 Disk: The physical hard disk drives and their associated storage hosts (including both the NAS and its

connected expansion enclosures) are shown in this section. Click the hard disk drive icon to bring up

the Disk Health window. For details on the Disk Health window, please refer to the Disks chapter.

 Volume/LUN: All available logical volumes, their capacity and type (Volume, LUN and Unused) are

Note: Utilization only applies to certain NAS models. To check for applicable models, please refer to the

product comparison table on the QNAP website.

listed in this section. For details on volumes and LUN, please refer to the Volumes chapter.

 Storage Pool: This section provides a space usage overview on the storage pool created on the NAS.

You can check the space distribution on the pie chart for each storage pool (including the size of

reserved system space, thick volume and free space) and its subscription. Subscription is the ratio

between claimed space and available space in the storage pool. If a user creates a thin-provisioned

volume with 10TB claimed space, while the available space is only 1TB, the "Subscription" value in

the "Overview" page will be 10:1, meaning that the thin-provisioned space is oversubscribed and

users must note that the available space in storage pool is too low. You can also click on the down

arrow next to the storage pool to switch between storage pools. For details on storage pools, please

refer to the Storage Pools chapter.

Utilization

This page is designed for users to monitor storage utilization of their NAS. With volume and storage pool

usage information presented on this page, users can manage their storage system more effectively and

spot potential issues based on trends over a period of time (from the last hour to the last year).

Select to view the storage usage rate of a particular volume or storage pool and specify the period. Click

"Clear Record" to reset the utilization graph.

Note:

Some of the features listed above are applicable to certain models. Please check for

applicable models first as you review descriptions of the features.

Storage

Manage volumes, storage pools, hard disk drives, snapshots, encrypt and decrypt file systems, and

configure cache acceleration with Storage Manager.

For details on the features, refer to the following links:

 Disks/JBOD  Storage Space  Cache Acceleration  Snapshot  Qtier (Auto Tiering)

Disks/VJBOD

This page is designed for users to monitor and manage hard disk drives installed on the NAS and its

connected expansion units (both expansion enclosures and VJBOD (also known as Virtual JBOD)). Users

can quickly isolate and identify hard drives for relevant maintenance tasks.

In this chapter, the following topics are covered:

 Disks

o Managing NAS Hosts o Managing Disks o HDD S.M.A.R.T. Information o Disk Health Global Settings

 Expansion Enclosures

o Managing Physical Expansion Enclosures o Recovering Physical Expansion Enclosures o Managing Virtual Expansion Enclosures (VJBOD)

Introducing VJBODs Creating VJBODs with new iSCSI LUN (using Create Virtual JBOD’s Disk Wizard) Creating VJBODs with existing iSCSI LUN (using Create Virtual JBOD’s Disk Wizard) Using VJBODs Managing and Monitoring VJBODs Detaching and Reconnecting VJBODs Data Roaming Automatic Reconnection

Disks

Note:

Hot-plugging is not supported for M.2, PCIe, and mSATA drives.

Action

Description

Enclosure

Info

Click this button to check details of an enclosure, including the model, serial number,

firmware version, BUS type, BIOS version, CPU temperature, system temperature,

power status, system fan speed and power fan speed.

Locate

(under

"Action")

Click this button and the chassis LEDs of the selected NAS host will blink for easy

identification. RAID Group

Click this button and select a RAID group to check its details, including capacity, RAID

group name, RAID type and disk member.

Note:

You can click "NAS Host" in the system component panel and click "Action" > "Port

Table" to check the port speeds.

Action

Description

Disk Info

Click this button to check details of a disk, including the model, model number,

serial number, capacity, firmware version, ATA version and ATA standard.

Managing NAS Hosts

Click a NAS under "NAS Host" in the system component panel to check its general information. Refer to

the following table for actions available to manage a NAS host:

Managing Disks

Click "+" beside the NAS host in the system component panel and select a disk to check its general

information. The legend shown under the system component panel is provided to indicate the types of

hard disk drives:

 Cache: A disk drive configured as cache.  Data: A disk drive that contains data.  Free: An empty disk drive that does not have any data on it.  Spare: A disk drive configured as spare drive for a RAID group.

 Error: A disk drive detected with errors (could be bad sectors or I/O errors) and it is recommended

that this disk drive is to be replaced immediately.

 Warning: A disk drive is approaching failure.

Refer to the following table for actions available to manage a disk:

Disk Health

Click this button to check disk S.M.A.R.T information. More details about S.M.A.R.T

information will be provided in the next table.

Scan Now

(under

"Action")

Click this button to scan the disk for bad blocks. If bad blocks are found, the

number of bad blocks will be displayed in the "Status" field. Check the bad block

sectors by clicking on the "bad blocks" message so long as the disk is not busy.

You can also use this function if a drive is in an error state. In this case, if no bad

blocks found after a complete scan, the error state of drive will be changed back to

normal.

Locate (under

"Action")

Click this button to locate drives using LED lights for easy identification of physical

hard drives.

Set as

Enclosure

Spare (under

"Action")

Click this button to set the chosen hard disk drive as an enclosure spare drive in

RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 6, or RAID 10. In case a spare drive is shared by multiple

RAID groups, that spare drive will be used to replace the first failed drive across all

RAID groups. Please note that the capacity of the enclosure spare drive must be

equal to or larger than that of the member drive in a RAID group and this option is

only available for an empty disks. Note that an enclosure spare can only be used

within an enclosure.

Disable Spare

(under

"Action")

Click this button to cancel the chosen hard disk drive as an enclosure spare drive.

New Volume

(under

"Action")

Click this button to create a new volume. For details, please refer to the chapter on

Volumes.

RAID Group

Click this button and select a RAID group and check its details, including capacity,

RAID group name, RAID type and disk member.

View Mode

(located above

the system

component

panel)

Switch to list view using the list view icon on top-left of the page. In the list view,

you can show or filter for disks. Set the filter from the drop down list to only show

hard disks based on the device (enclosure or NAS they belong to), model, type

(HDD or SSD), BUS type, capacity, used type (data, free, error, spare, cache, or

none) and status. Click "Refresh" to refresh the list.

You can also perform sequential read and IOPS read tests (under "Performance

test"), schedule weekly sequential read tests, and check the test results to gauge

the performance of the tested disks.

HDD S.M.A.R.T Information

Field

Description

Summary

This page provides an overview on hard disk S.M.A.R.T details and the result of the

latest test.

Hard Disk

Information

This page shows hard disk details, including disk model, model number, serial

number, disk capacity, firmware version, ATA version and ATA standard.

SMART

Information

This page shows the results of the latest S.M.A.R.T test.

Test

Click on this tab to choose a rapid or complete S.M.A.R.T testing method for the hard

disks. The test result will be shown.

Settings

Configure the following settings on this page: 1) Enable Temperature Alarm: enable

this option to set the temperature alarm. When the hard disk temperature exceeds

the specified threshold level, the system will record an error message; and 2) Rapid

and complete test schedules: schedule a rapid or complete test here. The result of the

latest test can be viewed on the "Summary" page.

Click "APPLY to Selected HDD" to apply the settings configured on this page only to

the selected hard disk drive or "APPLY to All HDDs" to all hard disk drives.

Switch to the icon view (or tree view) and click the "Disk Health" button to bring up the Disk Health

window.

First select the NAS Host or an expansion enclosure and one of its disks to check for S.M.A.R.T

information. Refer to the below table for descriptions of each field:

Disk Health Global Settings

You can enable the following Disk Health settings in the Global Setting dialog window (the "setting" icon

next to "?" on top right side of the screen):

 Activate Predictive SMART Migration: With Predictive SMART Migration, a warning message will pop

up when an S.M.A.R.T error is detected on a hard disk drive (indicating that the RAID group that the

hard drive disk belongs to is likely to fail very soon). The migration sequence will be initiated for that

RAID group to ensure the availability of that RAID group. The data from the disk with errors will be

migrated to a healthy spare drive. The migration process is much faster than the standard rebuilding

process.

 Disk S.M.A.R.T polling time (minutes): This value is the interval the hard drive disks are scanned for

S.M.A.R.T errors and the default is 10 minutes.

 TLER/ERC timer (seconds): This option allows system administrators to configure the hard disk drive

R/W response time. If you are not sure about the interval to set for the timer, please leave it as is.

Expansion Enclosures

Note:

The function or its content is only applicable on some models. To check for applicable

models, please refer to the product comparison table on the QNAP website.

Action

Description

Enclosure Info

Click this button to check on details of the chosen enclosure,

including the enclosure model, serial number, firmware version,

BUS type, CPU temperature, system temperature, power

status, system fan speed and power fan speed.

Locate (under "Action")

Click this button and the chassis LEDs of the selected expansion

enclosure will blink for easy identification.

Safely Detach (under "Action")

Click this button to safely remove the enclosure from its host.

Update firmware (under "Action")

Click this button to update firmware for the chosen enclosure.

Rename enclosure (under

"Action")

Click this button to rename the chosen enclosure.

RAID Group

Click this button and select a RAID group to check its details,

including capacity, RAID group name, RAID type and disk

member.

Note:

The function or its content is only applicable on some models. To check for applicable

models, please refer to the product comparison table on the QNAP website.

Expansion enclosures are designed for expanding the storage capacity of a QNAP NAS. This is achieved

either through a direct, physical connection between a NAS and expansion enclosures (via USB or

mini-SAS cables) or a network connection between two NAS (using a LAN connection).

Managing Physical Expansion Enclosures

First click an expansion enclosure (REXP) in the system component panel to check its general

information. Refer to the following table for actions available to manage an expansion enclosure:

Recovering Physical Expansion Enclosures

Click "Recover" on the top-right side of the window, and there are three options available:

1. Recover Enclosure: Recover volumes on an enclosure that was accidentally disconnected (e.g.

unscheduled shutdown or unplugged SAS cable) from the NAS host. When this occurs, a broken

chain symbol will be shown in the Chassis View and the status of the affected storage pool will be

shown as "Error" and RAID group as "Not active".

2. Reinitialize enclosure ID: This is only used to reorder ID for expansion enclosures in a numerical

Note:

The "Recover" button is only available if the disconnected expansion enclosure

contains volumes.

manner.

3. Scan All Free Drives: Scan drives in a free state in the NAS and attached enclosures for existing

volumes or storage pools.

Managing Virtual Expansion Enclosures (VJBOD)

Introducing VJBODs

Virtual JBOD allows you to allocate the free space of a QNAP NAS to another NAS in order to maximize the

total available storage capacity for that NAS. The following figure illustrates how Virtual JBOD works. An

iSCSI LUN on a remote NAS is created and added to a local host (host NAS in this example) as a hard drive

to expand the Storage Space on the host NAS.

Note:



This function or its content is only applicable to some models (refer to the software

specification page on the QNAP website for further details) and requires firmware 4.2.2

(or newer).



Any QNAP NAS that supports iSCSI and storage pools can be used as a remote NAS, but

it is recommended that they use firmware 4.2.1 (or newer) and have at least 154GB free

space.



For greater connection stability and to automatically recover from connection failure, it is

recommended that both the remote and local NAS be on the same local network and that

the remote NAS uses a static IP address. For other network related optimization settings

(such as Port Trunking or Link Aggregation), please refer to the Network chapter.

Note:

Before you start this process, please ensure that the remote NAS has a storage pool

with at least 154GB of free space.

Creating VJBODs with new iSCSI LUN (using Create Virtual JBOD’s Disk Wizard)

Follow these steps to create a VJBOD:

1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Disks/VJBOD".

2. Click "VJBOD" > "Create Virtual JBOD".

3. The Create Virtual JBOD’s Disk Wizard will appear. Read the introductions and click "Next".

4. Establish a connection to a remote NAS:

o Enter the remote NAS’ IP address (or click "Detect" and select the NAS using its hostname or IP

from the dropdown list). Or click "Local Host" to mount a LUN from the local host itself.

o Enter the username and password used to log into the remote NAS (or the credentials of the local

host if you select it in the last step).

o Specify the system port and enable "Secure Connection (HTTP)" for a secure connection to the

Note:



The purpose of mounting a LUN from a local host itself is to ensure that the LUN will still

be accessible if the original local host becomes unavailable.



After ticking "Host Binding" in Step 5, the LUN can only be accessed by the bound host,

even if the connection between the local host and remote NAS is lost (in this case, only the

administrator of the remote NAS can access it).



VJBOD currently only supports "Single" RAID configuration and cannot be used to create

a system volume or expand other storage pools unless the pool also consists of VJBODs

that come from the same remote NAS and same pool. The expanded capacity of the LUN

on the remote NAS will not be reflected on the local host. Therefore, to expand a VJBOD

pool, you can only create a new VJBOD on the same storage pool and join the disk into the

pool as a new RAID.



The LUN created here is a block-level iSCSI LUN.

Note:

Before you start this process, please ensure that the remote NAS has an idle target,

storage pool with an instantly-allocated LUN and the capacity of the LUN is at least 154GB.

remote NAS.

o Use "Test" to test the connection settings. o Click "Next".

5. Select "Create a new iSCSI LUN on the selected NAS".

o You can click "NAS Detail" in the top-right corner to check the storage status of the selected NAS. o Tick "Host Binding" if the LUN will be used to store sensitive information. o Click "Next".

6. Select a storage pool and click "Next".

7. Choose to set up CHAP authentication and enter the required information. Click "Next".

8. Set up the capacity for creating a new LUN and choose whether to enable 4K byte sector size and

SSD cache in "Advanced Settings". Click "Next".

9. Review the configuration summary and click "Next".

10. Click "Finish" (you can also choose to create a new storage pool, new static volume, or recover

existing data in this step).

11. The new VJBOD Disk will be created.

Creating VJBODs with existing iSCSI LUN (using Create Virtual JBOD’s Disk Wizard)

Follow these steps to create a VJBOD:

1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Disks/VJBOD".

2. Click "VJBOD Beta" > "Create Virtual JBOD".

3. The Create Virtual JBOD’s Disk Wizard will appear. Read the introduction and click "Next".

4. Establish a connection to a remote NAS:

Action

Description

Disk Info

Check details of the chosen VJBOD, including the remote NAS

model, disk name, disk type, disk location, remote disk

configuration, remote LUN name, remote iSCSI name, target

IQN and disk capacity.

New Volume (under "Action")

Create a volume using the chosen VJBOD. Please refer to the

chapter on Volumes for more information. Note that this action

is only available for VJBODs without any volumes.

NAS Detail (under "Action")

Check details of the remote NAS where the LUN is located. The

details include the hardware information, storage configuration,

shared folders and installed applications.

o Enter the remote NAS’ IP address (or click "Detect" and select the NAS using its hostname or IP

from the dropdown list). Or click "Local Host" to mount a LUN from the local host itself.

o Enter the username and password used to log into the remote NAS (or the credentials of the local

host if you select it in the last step).

o Specify the system port and enable "Secure Connection (HTTP)" for a secure connection to the

remote NAS.

o Click "Test" to test the connection settings. o Click "Next".

5. Select "Choose an existing iSCSI LUN on the selected NAS". Click "Next".

6. Select a storage pool and click "Next".

7. Choose to set up CHAP authentication and select to use "Data Digest" and "Header Digest" (under

"CRC/Checksum"). Click "Next".

8. Review the configuration summary and click "Next".

9. Click "Finish" (you can also choose to create a new storage pool, new static volume, or recover

existing data in this step).

10. The new JBOD is created.

Using VJBODs

The VJBOD is essentially a space mapped from a LUN on a remote NAS. Before a VJBOD can be used to

store data, a storage pool or volume must be created first. For volume or storage pool creation

instructions, please check the relevant chapters (refer to the Volumes chapter for volume creation

instructions and the Storage Pools chapter for storage pool creation instructions).

Managing and Monitoring VJBODs

Click a disk under "Virtual JBOD" in the system component panel to check its general information. Refer

to the following table for actions available for managing a VJBOD:

Remote Log (under "Action")

Review logs (including information, warnings and errors) of the

storage pool or NAS where the VJBOD disk is located. This will

allow you to identify issues on the remote pool if the VJBOD

becomes abnormal. You can click on the down arrow button on

the "Log" page for advanced log search functionality.

Date Recovery (under "Action")

Recover the Volume or Storage Pool in VJBODs (if it exists). This

action is only available when the VJBOD is idle.

Edit Disk (under "Action")

Edit the name of the chosen VJBOD.

Disconnect (under "Action")

Disconnect a VJBOD. Note that this action is only available for

VJBODs that are in an abnormal status.

Connect (under "Action")

Reconnect a VJBOD. Note that this action is only available for

VJBODs that are Disconnected.

Edit Target (under "Action")

Edit the VJBOD iSCSI connection and Remote NAS IP. Note that

this action is only available for VJBODs that are Disconnected.

Delete (under "Action")

Delete a VJBOD connection configuration. Note that this action

is only available for VJBODs that are Disconnected.

Alternatively, click on "Virtual JBOD" > "Virtual JBOD Overview" and check the following for each VJBOD

disk:

 Disk details associated with the local host: The disk name, status, total size, storage pool and

volume/LUN.

 Disk details associated with the remote host: The NAS name, storage pool, disk configuration, target

& LUN name and CHAP.

Tip:



If the firmware of the remote NAS is 4.2.2 (or newer), you can monitor what NAS has

connected to an iSCSI LUN, as well as receive warnings if the iSCSI connection is lost on

the "iSCSI Storage" page ("Storage Manager" > "iSCSI" > "iSCSI Storage").



If more detailed monitoring is required for multiple NAS, you can use Q'center to monitor

both host and remote NAS.

Detaching and Reconnecting VJBODs

If a VJBOD has been used to create a virtual volume or storage pool, that volume or storage pool must be

detached first before the VJBOD can be detached. Refer to the Volumes chapter for volume removal

instructions and Storage Pools chapter for storage pool removal instructions. To detach a VJBOD disk,

follow these steps:

1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Disks/VJBOD".

2. Select a VJBOD in the system component panel.

3. Click "Action" > "Disconnect".

4. Click "OK" and the VJBOD will enter "Disconnected" status.

5. Click "Action" > "Delete".

6. Check to remove the LUN and unused iSCSI target from the remote NAS and click "OK". The VJBOD

will be deleted.

To reconnect disconnected VJBODs (there will be an error symbol in front of such disks), follow these

steps:

1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Disks/VJBOD".

2. Select a disconnected Virtual JBOD in the system component panel.

3. Click "Action" > "Connect".

Note:

To protect the data and file system of VJBODs, always detach them before shutting

down the remote NAS.

Note:

If the remote NAS system port is changed, some information regarding the remote

NAS may be incorrectly displayed on the host NAS. If this occurs, you can enter the updated

information in the "Re-login" page (select the disk in "Disks/VJBOD" and click "Action" >

"Re-login").

4. Click "OK" and the VJBOD will enter the "Ready" status.

You can detach all of the VJBOD disks at once. To do so, go to the "Virtual JBOD Overview" page (click

the "Virtual JBOD Overview" button in the top-right corner of the "Storage Manager" window) and click

"Safely Detach all". Detached VJBODs can be re-attached by selecting "Recover" > "Scan All Free Disks"

in the "Disks/VJBOD" page.

Data Roaming

You can move VJBODs from one NAS to another without needing to physically disconnect and reconnect

drives. To do so, follow these steps:

1. Safely detach a VJBOD (refer to the Detaching and Reconnecting Virtual JBOD Disks section for

instructions).

2. Open the Create Virtual JBOD’s Disk Wizard on the NAS that you want to move the JBOD to and

choose the existing iSCSI LUN on the remote NAS (refer to the Creating VJBOD with existing iSCSI

LUN section for instructions).

Automatic Reconnection

The system will attempt to reconnect and recover a storage pool on a remote NAS for VJBODs after they

become inaccessible for 30 seconds. However, the reconnection and recovery process may take longer if

the remote NAS uses a dynamic IP (or it will fail if the two NAS are not on the same LAN). Therefore, we

recommend using a static IP for the remote NAS.

Symbol

Name

Description

Volume

Users may change the volume name. System volume

names are appended with "(System)".

LUN

Users may change the LUN name.

Snapshot

The number to the right of the camera icon indicates

how many Snapshots are currently saved.

Storage

Pool Usage

Gray: Unallocated

Green: Allocated

Dark blue: Snapshot used

Light blue: Snapshot reserved

Red line: Alert threshold

Volume

Usage

Dark blue: Used

Red line: Alert threshold

Storage Space

The Storage Space features Storage Pools and Volumes. This page lists available storage pools and the

volumes, iSCSI LUNs, and snapshots from remote NAS on each of these storage pools. It displays these

storage entities’ capacity and/or usage to give a complete view of storage allocation. Users can create or

manage storage pools/volumes/RAID groups, or take/view snapshots of the volumes on this page.

Below is a chart of what the icons and bars indicate.

LUN Usage

Light blue: Allocated

Red line: Alert threshold

For details on Storage Pools, Volumes, and RAID Groups, refer to the following links:

 Storage Pools  Volumes  RAID Groups

Note:



Storage Pools are not supported by some NAS models. Please refer to the QNAP website,

product information, and software specifications for more details.



For RAID groups that contain 16 hard drives, up to 512MB RAM will be used for them. 1GB

RAM is recommended for 24-32 hard drives.

Storage Pools

A storage pool is designed to aggregate physical hard disk drives into a large storage space and to

provide enhanced RAID protection for it. You can perform the following actions to manage storage pools:

 Creating New Storage Pools  Removing Storage Pools  Safely Detaching Storage Pools  Expanding Storage Pools  Setting a Threshold  Setting Snapshot Reservation  Creating New Volumes for Storage Pools  Creating New iSCSI LUNs for Storage Pools

Creating New Storage Pools

Follow these steps to create a new storage pool:

1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".

2. Click "Create" > "New Storage Pool".

3. Select the enclosure unit, hard disk drive(s), RAID type and hot spare disk and click "Create".

4. Set the percentage of storage spool space that is reserved to store snapshots.

5. Please note that all data on the selected hard disk drive(s) will be erased. Click "OK" if you are certain

about this.

6. A new storage pool will be created.

Removing Storage Pools

Follow these steps to remove a storage pool:

 Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".  Double click a storage pool to be removed to bring up the Storage Pool Management page.  Click "Remove" > "Remove Pool".  Click "Apply".  The selected storage pool will be removed.

Note:

Before you remove a storage pool, be sure to remove all volumes and LUNs on that

storage pool.

Note:

After a storage pool is reattached, the configurations of iSCSI LUNs mapped in the

storage pool or Apps installed before the detachment will not be automatically recovered.

Note:

New disks cannot be inserted into existing RAID groups of storage pools for specific

RAID types (such as RAID 0, RAID 10, Single or JBOD). You must create an additional RAID

group to expand those storage pools.

Safely Detaching Storage Pools

Follow these steps to safely detach a storage pool:

1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".

2. Double click a storage pool to be removed to bring up the Storage Pool Management page.

3. Click "Remove" > "Safely Detach Pool".

4. Click "Apply".

5. The selected storage pool will be removed.

Expanding Storage Pools

Follow these steps to expand a storage pool:

1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".

2. Double click a storage pool to be expanded to bring up the Storage Pool Management page.

3. Click "Expand Pool".

4. Select to create and add a new RAID group. Select "Adding new hard drive(s) to an existing RAID

group"(the option "Create new RAID groups" will be covered in the following section), choose an

existing RAID group from the drop-down list and click "Next".

5. Select the hard drive(s) to expand the storage pool and click "Next".

6. Click "Expand".

7. Please note that all data on the selected hard disk drive(s) will be erased. Click "OK" if you are certain

about this.

8. The chosen storage pool will be expanded.

Expanding storage pools by creating new RAID groups

Follow these steps to create a RAID group for storage pool expansion:

1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".

2. Double click a storage pool to be expanded to bring up the Storage Pool Management page.

3. Click "Expand Pool", select "Create and add a new RAID group" and click "Next".

4. Select the enclosure unit, hard disk drive(s), RAID type and hot spare disk and click "Next".

Note:



RAID 0, JBOD or Single RAID Group cannot be added to a storage pool if that storage pool

already contains RAID 1, 5, 6, or 10.



It is recommended to set an independent storage pool on a JBOD and only add new disks

to that JBOD (or replace the existing disks in that JBOD) when expanding the storage

pool. Otherwise, data stored on that JBOD will become inaccessible when connecting that

JBOD to a different NAS host.

Note:

Available RAID management operations are detailed in the chapter on RAID Groups.

5. Please note that if the type of the newly-created RAID group is different from that of the existing

RAID group(s), the performance of the entire storage pool may be affected. To continue, click "OK".

6. Click "Expand".

7. Please note that all data on the selected hard drive(s) will be erased. Click "OK" if you are certain

about this.

8. The chosen storage pool will be expanded.

Expanding storage pools by replacing hard disk drives in a RAID array

With this function, RAID group capacity can be expanded by replacing hard disk drives in an array one

by one. This option is supported for the following RAID types: RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 6 and RAID 10.

Follow these steps to expand a RAID group:

1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".

2. Double click a storage pool to be expanded to bring up the Storage Pool Management page.

3. Select a RAID group and click "Manage" > "Replace Disks One by One".

4. Select at least one hard disk drive and click "Change". After the description displays "Please remove

this drive", remove the hard disk drive from the NAS or expansion enclosure.

5. After the description displays "You can replace this drive", plug in the new hard disk drive to the drive

slot.

6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 until all hard drives have been replaced.

7. Click "Expand Capacity" to continue. Click "Yes".

8. The chosen RAID group is expanded.

Setting a Threshold

The system will generate a warning message in system logs when the storage pool used size hits the

threshold. To set a threshold value for a storage pool, follow these steps:

1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".

2. Double click a storage pool to set a threshold to bring up the Storage Pool Management page.

3. Click "Actions" > "Set Threshold".

4. Enter a value for alert threshold and click "Apply".

Note:



For more Snapshot details, refer to the Snapshot section in the Volumes chapter.



The function or its content is only applicable on some models. To check for applicable

models, please refer to the product comparison table on the QNAP website.

A minimum of 4 GB RAM is required to use snapshots.

x51 series models only support up to 256 snapshots instead of 1024. The HS-251 does

not support snapshots.

Setting Snapshot Reservation

You can set snapshot reservation space to ensure enough space for saving snapshots. Snapshot

reservation is set as a percentage of total storage pool space and there are two scenarios:

 When the snapshot reserve is set to 0%, new snapshots taken will all be saved to a storage pool until

that storage pool runs out of its space. When that happens, the system will start recycling older

snapshots regardless the snapshot limitation set in Snapshot Global Settings.

 When the snapshot reserve is set to a value greater than 0%, this reserved space will be dedicated

entirely to snapshots. The free space in a storage pool will be lower after the value is set and the

snapshots will only use the space reserved. When the space used for snapshots exceeds the

snapshot reserve, the system will start recycling older snapshots regardless the snapshot limitation

set in Snapshot Global Settings.

To set snapshot reservation, follow these steps:

1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".

2. Double click a storage pool to set reserved space for snapshots and to bring up the Storage Pool

Management page.

3. Click "Actions" > "Set Snapshot Reserved", enter a value for snapshot reserved space, and click

"Apply".

Creating New Volumes for Storage Pools

To create a new volume for a storage pool, follow these steps:

1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".

2. Double click a storage pool.

3. Click "Create"> "New Volume". Follow the onscreen instructions to finish the creation process. For

more details, please refer to the Volumes section.

Creating New iSCSI LUNs for Storage Pools

To create a new iSCSI LUN for a storage pool, follow these steps:

1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".

2. Double click a storage pool.

3. Click "Create"> "New iSCSI LUN". Follow the onscreen instructions to finish the creation process. For

more details, please refer to the iSCSI Storage section.

Bytes

per

Inode

Max. Size of Volume

Max. Number of Files/Folders

4096

15.99 TB

Volume Size/Bytes per Inode

8192

31.99 TB

16384

(Default)

63.99 TB

32768

127.99 TB

65536

250 TB

Volumes

A volume is formatted by the file system to store share folders and files. Users can manage, monitor,

create, or delete a logical volume on this page. The following topics are covered in this chapter:

 Creating New Volumes  Removing Volumes  Expanding Volumes  Available Volume operations  Configuring Alert Threshold  Creating New Shared Folders  Snapshot  Managing Previous Versions in Windows  Encryption  Setting Thin Provisioning Space Reclamation and SSD Trim

Creating New Volumes

1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".

2. Click "Create" > "New Volume" to launch the volume creation wizard.

3. Configure the mode for the volume from static single, thick multiple, and thin multiple according to

your needs (learn more about "Thick or Thin Volumes" in the following section) and click "Next".

4. Select the enclosure unit, hard disk drive(s), RAID type and hot spare disk for the volume to be

created and click "Next".

5. Set the alert threshold and volume alias. You can also click "File system option" to specify bytes per

inode, check the maximum volume size and number of files/folders, enable volume encryption, and

create share folders. Click "Next".

6. Confirm your settings and click "Finish".

Note:

The hot spare disk feature is only available for RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 6 and RAID 10.

For other RAID types, the hot spare disk field will be grayed out.

Note:



Static Single Volume:

This mode offers the best performance but does not support thin

provisioning, space reclamation and snapshots. For this option, the RAID group itself is a

volume.



Thick Multiple Volumes:

This method can create multiple volumes on the same storage

pool and instantly allocate physical storage space for the volume. It has better

performance than thin volumes while also offering flexibility.



Thin Multiple Volumes:

Thin Multiple Volumes: This method can over-allocate the

volume capacity for each volume regardless of the physical storage limit. Disk space is

only used when files are written to the volume. After files are deleted, this space can be

reclaimed for increasing the free space of the storage pool. The maximum size of thin

multiple volumes is 20 times that of the storage pool's free space. With thin provisioning,

volume space is fully utilized.



A thick volume is usually more efficient for high frequency read/write activities. Because

the space has been allocated for the volume, the predicament of insufficient physical

space can be avoided, but the use of space is relatively inefficient.



NAS models that do not support Storage Pools can only create Static Single Volumes.

Please refer to the QNAP website, product information, and software specifications for

more details.

7. Please note that all data on the selected hard drive(s) will be erased. Click "OK" if you are certain

about this.

8. The new volume will be created.

Follow these steps to create a new, thick or thin volume:

1. Select "Thick Multiple Volume" or "Thin Multiple Volume". Select to create a new storage pool or from

an existing storage pool and click "Next".

2. Configure the mode for the volume from static single, thick multiple, and thin multiple according to

your needs.

3. Configure the volume capacity, alert threshold, volume alias, Bytes per inode, encryption and shared

folder settings and click "Next".

4. Click "Finish".

5. A new volume will be created.

Removing Volumes

Note:



All the data on a disk will be erased if it is formatted. Please use the "Format" feature with

caution.



For encryption related options (Change, Download, Save, Lock this Volume), refer to

Encryption.



The function or its content is only applicable on some models. To check for applicable

models, please refer to the product comparison table on the QNAP website.

A minimum of 4 GB RAM is required to use snapshots.

x51 series models only support up to 256 snapshots instead of 1024. The HS-251 does

not support snapshots.

1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".

2. Double click a volume to be removed to bring up the Volume Management page.

3. Click "Remove". Click "Apply" and the selected volume is removed.

Expanding Volumes

1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".

2. Double click a volume to be expanded to bring up the Volume Management page.

3. Click "Expand Volume".

4. Enter the desired capacity or click "Set to Max" to allocate the maximum available space for the

volume and click "Apply". ("Set to Max" is only available for thick provisioned volumes).

5. The capacity of the volume will be expanded.

Available Volume Operations

After you go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space", click "Actions" and choose to

configure the threshold and cache settings, check the file system of a volume, rename volume alias,

reclaim volume space, create a new share folder, format a volume, or manage snapshots.

Configuring Alert Threshold

The alert threshold is used to remind users when the capacity of a chosen volume is used up to the

specified threshold level. A warning message will pop up when the specified threshold is reached.

To set an alert threshold, select a volume in "Storage Space" to bring up the Volume Management page,

click "Actions" > "Set Threshold", enter the threshold level and click "Apply". The alert threshold is set.

Creating New Shared Folders

Note:



Snapshot Replica (or volumes/LUNs replication between remote servers) is covered in

Backup Station. For details, please refer to the Snapshot Replica chapter in Backup

Station.



The function or its content is only applicable on some models. To check for applicable models, please refer to the product comparison table on the QNAP website.

A minimum of 4 GB RAM is required to use snapshots.

x51 series models only support up to 256 snapshots instead of 1024. The HS-251 does not support snapshots.

1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".

2. Double click a volume to bring up the Volume Management page.

3. Click "Actions" > "Create New Shared Folder".

4. Specify the folder name and description of the new shared folder and select the disk volume for the

shared folder.

5. Click "Edit" to the right of "Configure access privileges for users" in Step 4 and specify user

privileges.

6. Click "Edit" to the right of "Advanced settings" in Step 4 and configure the guest access right, hidden

folder, Oplocks, recycle bin and path. Click "Create".

7. A new shared folder will be created.

Snapshot

Users can take a snapshot, manage snapshots (revert, delete, and clone a snapshot, set up snapshot

schedules, or restore snapshot files for LUNs or volumes), or replicate volumes/LUNs between different

remote servers using snapshot technology.

Taking a Snapshot

After reserved space is set, you can proceed to take snapshots. To create a snapshot, follow these steps:

1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".

2. Select a volume or LUN and click "Snapshot" > "Take a Snapshot".

3. Specify the snapshot name and duration to retain the snapshot.

4. Click "OK".

Managing Snapshots with Snapshot Manager

The Snapshot Manager allows you to take, revert, delete, and clone a snapshot, set up snapshot

schedules, or restore snapshot files.

To launch Snapshot Manager, select a volume or LUN in "Storage Space" and click "Snapshot" >

"Snapshot Manager" (or click the camera icon of a volume or LUN).

In Snapshot Manager, you can perform the following actions:

Note:

The "When reaching snapshot limitation" setting uses the number of snapshots, not

the space used for snapshots. For more details, please refer to the Setting Snapshot

Reservation section.

 Restore files: Click a desired snapshot and select the folder(s) or file(s) that you want to restore,

right click and select "Restore" to replace the existing folder/file with the one in the snapshot or

"Restore to" to restore your data to a different location. Or choose "Download" to download the

selection to your computer.

 Revert a snapshot: Select a snapshot and click "Revert", and the entire snapshot will be restored to

its original path. Be cautious that the volume reverted to the selected snapshot will be in the previous

state when the snapshot was taken.

 Delete: Select a snapshot and click "Delete" to delete that snapshot.

 Clone a snapshot: This action allows you to clone a snapshot into a new volume or LUN. To clone a

snapshot, first select a snapshot, click "Clone", enter an alias for the new volume, and select the

folders to share after cloning. If the snapshot cloned is a LUN snapshot, you can map it to an iSCSI

target.

 Set up snapshot schedules: Click "Schedule", select "Enable schedule", specify the time, frequency,

and retention period. The system will take the chosen volume’s snapshot by schedule. For Smart

Snapshot, the system will only take a new snapshot if there are new changes made in the selected

volume.

Snapshot Global Settings

Click "Global Settings" in the top-right of the Snapshot Manager window, and there is one global

setting:

 Make snapshot directory (@Recently-Snapshot) visible: Mount a snapshot volume as a directory of

a shared folder and set the snapshot volumes to be read-only in File Station. The snapshot directory

will appear as "@Recently-Snapshot".

Click "Global Settings" in the top-right of the Storage Manager window, and there is one global setting:

 When reaching snapshot limitation: Choose the policy to handle snapshots when the snapshot

limitation is reached. There are two choices.

o Overwrite the oldest snapshot: When the number of snapshots reaches the limitation (256 per

LUN, 1024 total) the oldest snapshot will be deleted in order to continue taking new snapshots for

data protection.

o Stop making snapshot: When the number of snapshots reaches the limitation (256 per LUN, 1024

total), no more new and scheduled snapshots will be taken until older snapshot are deleted. This

option will prevent the deletion of older snapshots without administrators’ consent.

Managing Previous Versions in Windows

Note:

This feature is only applicable to files that have been changed between snapshots.

Otherwise, there will be no previous versions listed in "File Explorer" > "Properties" >

"Previous Versions".

Note:

The AES volume-based encryption is applicable only to specific NAS models. Please

refer to the product comparison table for details.

Starting in QTS 4.2.1, snapshots can be used with the Previous Versions feature in Windows, allowing

you to instantly revert to a previous version of a file in case of an accident (e.g. file deletion, corruption,

or accidental changes).

To use this feature, follow these steps:

1. In Windows, connect to a shared folder on the NAS (the shared folder must be located in a storage

pool that you can take a snapshot).

2. Take a snapshot of the storage pool where the shared folder is located.

3. In Windows, right click on the shared folder (or a file in that shared folder) in "File Explorer" >

"Properties" > "Previous Versions".

4. Select a version and choose to open, copy, or restore that version.

5. Click "OK".

Encryption

The disk volumes on the NAS can be encrypted with 256-bit AES encryption to protect against data

breaches. Encrypted disk volumes can only be mounted for normal read/write access with an authorized

password. The encryption feature protects confidential data from unauthorized access even if the hard

drives or the entire NAS were stolen.

Data encryption on QNAP NAS

Users can manage encrypted disk volumes on the NAS. Each encrypted disk volume is locked by a

particular key. The encrypted volume can be unlocked using the following methods:

 Encryption password: Enter the encryption password to unlock the disk volume. The password must

be 8-32 characters long. Symbols (! @ # $ % ^ & * ( )_+ = ? ") are supported.

 Encryption key file: Upload the encryption key file to the NAS to unlock the disk volume. The key can

be downloaded from the "Encryption" page after the disk volume is successfully unlocked.

Before you start

Please remember the following before using the data encryption feature of the NAS.

 The volume encryption feature of the NAS is volume-based. A volume can be a single disk a JBOD

Note:

Data encryption functions may be unavailable in accordance to the legislative

restrictions of some countries (ex. Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan).

configuration, or a RAID array. To only encrypt a shared folder, please refer to the Shared Folder

chapter.

 Select whether or not to encrypt a disk volume before it is created on the NAS. A volume cannot be

encrypted after it is created unless the disk volume is initialized. Note that initializing a disk volume

will clear all data on the disks.

 Disk volume encryption cannot be removed without initialization. To remove encryption on the disk

volume, the disk volume must be initialized and all the data will be cleared.

 Keep the encryption password or key safe. If the password is forgotten or the encryption key is lost,

the data cannot be accessed and cannot be recovered.

 Before starting, read the instructions carefully and strictly adhere to them.

Creating new encrypted disk volumes

1. Log into the NAS as an administrator. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space" and

click "Create" > "New Volume".

2. Select a volume type based on your needs and click "Next".

3. Specify the volume details (including the volume capacity, alert threshold and volume alias,) tick

"Encryption", fill out the encryption password and choose whether to save the encryption key, select

to create a shared folder automatically after new volume initialization and fill out the name of the

shared folder for the intended volume. Click "Next".

4. Confirm the settings and click "Finish".

5. Note that all the data on the selected drives will be DELETED! Please back up the data before creating

the encrypted volume. Click "Yes" after data backup.

6. Double click the newly-created volume to bring up the Volume Management page.

7. Click "Actions" > "Encryption" > "Lock this Volume". Click "Yes".

8. An encrypted disk volume will be created on the NAS.

Encryption key management

To manage the encryption key settings, log into the NAS as an administrator and go to "Storage

Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space". Double click a volume to bring up the Volume Management

page and click "Actions" > "Encryption".

There are three options to manage the encryption key:

 Change the encryption key: Enter your old encryption password and the new password. (Please note

that after the password is changed, any previously exported keys will not work anymore. The new

encryption key needs to be downloaded if necessary, see below).

 Download the encryption key file: Enter the encryption password to download the encryption key file.

Note:

For details on enabling or disabling the "Save Encryption Key" option, please refer to

the section on Encryption Key Management above.

With this option, the encryption key can be saved as a file. The file is also encrypted and can be used

to unlock a volume, without knowing the real password (see "Locking and unlocking disk volumes

manually" below). Please save the encryption key file in a secure place!

 Save the encryption key: Save the encryption key on the NAS to automatically unlock and mount the

encrypted disk volume after the NAS restarts. Note that saving the encryption key alone is not

completely safe, as if the NAS is stolen, the volume will be automatically unlocked after it

restarts.

Locking and unlocking disk volumes manually

To lock a volume, log into the NAS as an administrator. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" >

"Storage Space". Double click a volume to be locked to bring up the Volume Management page and click

"Actions" > "Encryption" > "Lock this Volume". Click "Yes".

To unlock a volume, log into the NAS as an administrator. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" >

"Storage Space". Select a volume to be unlocked and click "Manage" > " Unlock this volume". Choose

either to enter the encryption password, or use the encryption key file exported previously. Click "Apply".

If the encryption password or the key file is correct, the volume will be unlocked and become available.

Verifying encrypted disk volumes

To verify that a disk volume is encrypted, log into the NAS as an administrator. Go to "Storage Manager"

> "STORAGE" > "Storage Space". The encrypted disk volume will be shown on this page, with a lock icon

under "Status". The lock will be shown as opened if the encrypted volume is unlocked. A disk volume

without the lock icon under "Status" is not encrypted.

Behaviors of encrypted volumes upon system reboot

An example is provided to illustrate the behavior of encrypted volumes upon system reboot. In this

example, there are two encrypted disk volumes on the NAS:

 DataVol1 is created with the option "Save Encryption Key" disabled.  DataVol2 is created with the option "Save Encryption Key" enabled.

After restarting the NAS, check the volume status. DataVol1 is locked, but DataVol2 is unlocked and

mounted. Since the encryption key is not saved on DataVol1, the encryption password needs to be

manually entered to unlock DataVol1. Please remember that by saving the key on the NAS, data will only

be protected in case of stolen hard disk drives. However, there is still a risk of data breach if the entire

NAS is stolen as the data is accessible after the NAS is restarted. If the encryption key is not saved on

the NAS, the NAS will be protected against data breach even if the entire NAS were stolen. The

disadvantage is that the disk volume needs to be manually unlocked each time the system restarts.

Setting Thin Provisioning Space Reclamation and SSD Trim

Thin Provisioning Space Reclamation allows you to increase free space on thin-provisioned storage pools

by reclaiming space from deleted files. SSD Trim enables garbage collection on SSDs, which wipes out

blocks of data that are no longer in use, and increases future write performance.

To enable Space Reclamation and SSD Trim, log into QTS, launch Storage Manager and click on the

"Global Settings" icon located at the top right of the Storage Manager window. The Global Settings

window will open, then click on "Edit" beside Space Reclamation and SSD Trim. There are two settings

for Space Reclamation and SSD Trim:

 Auto reclaim and SSD trim schedule: Check this checkbox to enable space reclamation and SSD

trim.

 Schedule: Set the schedule for thin provisioning space reclamation and SSD TRIM in order to

reclaim space and increase free space for storage pools.

Field

Description

Single Disk

A single, stand-alone RAID group can be set up for your NAS. However, this setup

does not provide any redundancy protection. So, in the event that a disk is corrupted

or otherwise damaged, all data on that disk will be lost.

RAID 0

Striping

A striping RAID group combines two or more disks into one large, logical disk. It

offers the fastest disk access performance but no data redundancy protection in the

event of disk failure or damage. The disk capacity is the sum of all disks. Disk striping

is usually used to maximize disk capacity or to accelerate disk access speed. Please

note that RAID 0 configuration is not recommended for storing sensitive data.

RAID 1

Mirroring

Disk Mirroring protects your data by automatically mirroring the contents of one disk

to the second disk in the mirrored pair. It provides protection in the event of a single

disk failure. The storage capacity is equal to the capacity of the smallest single disk,

as the second disk drive is used to back up the first disk drive. RAID 1 configuration

is suitable for storing sensitive data on a corporate or personal level.

RAID 5

RAID 5 configurations are ideal for organizations running databases and other

transaction-based applications that require storage efficiency and data protection. A

minimum of 3 hard disks are required to create a RAID 5 group. The total capacity of

the RAID 5 group is equal to the size of the disk with the smallest capacity in the array

times the number of (hard disk – 1). It is recommended (though not required) that

RAID Groups

Users can expand a RAID group, add hard drive(s) to a RAID group, migrate a RAID group, configure a

spare drive, enable a bitmap and recover a RAID group for a chosen volume, while the data contained in

the RAID group remains intact. In this chapter, the following topics are covered:

 RAID Group Introduction  Expanding RAID Group Capacity  Adding Hard Disk Drives  Migrating RAID Configuration  Configuring Spare Drives  Enabling/Disabling Bitmap  Recovering Failed RAID Disk Volumes

RAID Group Introduction

RAID group types

Refer to the table below for explanations on RAID types:

only hard drives of the same brand and capacity are used to establish the most

efficient hard drive capacity.

In addition, if your system contains four disk drives, it is possible to use three drives

to implement a RAID 5 data array with the fourth drive kept as a spare disk. In this

configuration, the system will automatically use the spare disk to rebuild the array in

the event of a physical disk failure. A RAID 5 configuration can survive one disk failure

without losing any system functionality. When a disk fails in RAID 5, the disk volume

will operate in the "degraded mode". There is no more data protection at this stage,

and all the data will be lost if the unit suffers a second disk failure. A failed disk should

be immediately replaced. Users can choose to install a new disk after turning off the

server or hot-swap the new disk while the server is running. The status of the disk

volume will change to "rebuilding" after installing a new disk. Your disk volume will

return to a normal status once the volume rebuilding process is complete.

Note: To install a new disk when the server is running, first ensure the disk volume

is in "degraded" mode. Or, wait to hear two long beeps after the disk crashes and

then insert the new disk in place of the failed disk.

RAID 6

RAID 6 is ideal for critical data protection needs. To create a RAID 6 group, a

minimum of 4 hard disks are required. The total capacity of a RAID 6 group is equal

to the size of the disk with the smallest capacity in the array times the number of

(hard disks – 2). It is recommended (though not required) to use identical hard drives

to establish the most efficient hard drive capacity. RAID 6 can survive 2 disk failures

and the system can still operate properly.

Note: To install a new disk when the server is running, first ensure the disk volume

is in "degraded" mode. Or, wait to hear two long beeps after the disk crash and then

insert the new disk in place of the failed disk.

RAID 10

RAID 10 is a combination of RAID 1 (mirroring) and RAID 0 (striping), without parity.

RAID 10 is a stripe across a number of disks to provide fault tolerance and high speed

data transfer. The storage capacity of a RAID 10 group is equal to the size of the disk

with the smallest capacity in the array times (the number of hard disks in the

array/2). It is recommended that only hard disk drives of the same brand and

capacity are used to create a RAID 10 group. RAID 10 is suitable for high volume

transaction applications, such as a database, that require high performance and fault

tolerance. A maximum of 1 failed disk from each disk pair is allowed in RAID 10.

Note: To install a new disk when the server is running, first be sure the disk volume

is in the "degraded" mode. Or, wait to hear two long beeps after the disk crashes and

then insert the new disk in place of the failed disk.

JBOD

Two or more disks can be combined into one larger volume. Files are sequentially

saved on physical disks. The overall capacity of the linear disk is the sum of the

capacity of all disks. This configuration does not provide disk failure protection;

failure of one drive will cause the entire array to be lost. A JBOD group is generally

used for storing a large amount of data. It is not appropriate for storing sensitive

data.

Note:

BBM support is only available for RAID 5 and RAID 6.

Bad Block Management (BBM)

BBM uses the bad block list (log) for each drive and uses it to allow the system to fail single blocks rather

than entire drives. This feature is especially useful for RAID arrays and is automatically enabled if your

disks support BBM. Bad blocks in different sections on different drives can cause a RAID array to fail.

With BBM, the RAID array can be functional even when encountering bad blocks.

Expanding RAID Group Capacity

With this function, RAID group capacity can be expanded by replacing hard disk drives in a RAID group

array one by one. This option is supported for the following RAID types: RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 6 and

RAID 10. Follow these steps to expand a RAID group:

1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".

2. Double click a storage pool to bring up the Storage Pool Management page.

3. Select a RAID group and click "Manage" > "Replace Disks One by One".

4. Select at least one hard disk drive. After the description displays "Please remove this drive", remove

the hard disk drive from the NAS or expansion enclosure.

5. After the description displays "You can replace this drive", plug in the new hard disk drive to the drive

slot. Repeat the same process for all hard drives to be replaced. Click "Expand Capacity" to continue.

6. Click "Yes".

7. The chosen RAID group is expanded.

Adding Hard Disk Drives

With this function, new drive members can be added to a RAID group. This option is supported for RAID

5 and RAID 6 drive configurations.

Follow these steps to add the hard disk drive(s) to a RAID group:

1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".

2. Double click a storage pool to bring up the Storage Pool Management page.

3. Select a RAID group and click "Manage" > "Add Hard Drive".

4. Select hard disk drive(s) from the list to add to the chosen RAID group and click "Apply".

Note:

New disks cannot be inserted into existing RAID groups for specific RAID types, such

as, RAID 0, RAID 10, Single, or JBOD. You must create additional RAID groups to expand

these storage pools.

5. Please note that all data on the selected hard drive(s) will be erased. Click "Yes" if you are certain

about this.

6. The chosen hard disk drive(s) are added to the selected RAID group.

Migrating RAID Configuration

With this function, a RAID configuration can be migrated to a different RAID configuration. This option is

supported for the following drive configurations: Migrating single drives to RAID 1; Migrating RAID 1 to

RAID 5; Migrating RAID 5 to RAID 6. Follow these steps to migrate a RAID configuration:

1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".

2. Double click a storage pool to bring up the Storage Pool Management page.

3. Select a RAID group and click "Manage" > "Migrate".

4. Select the hard disk drive(s) from the list and click "Apply".

5. Please note that all data on the selected hard disk drive(s) will be erased. Click "Yes" if you are

certain about this.

6. The chosen RAID configuration is migrated to the new one.

Configuring Spare Drives

With this function, a spare drive can be added to or removed from a RAID 1, RAID, 5, RAID 6, or RAID

Note:

Bitmap support is only available for RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 6 and RAID 10.

10 configuration. Unlike a global spare drive, the drive in this case will be dedicated to the RAID group.

Follow these steps to configure a spare drive:

1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".

2. Double click a storage pool to bring up the Storage Pool Management page.

3. Select a RAID group and click "Manage" > "Configure Spare Drive".

4. Select the hard disk drive(s) to be configured as spare drive and click "Apply".

5. Please note that all data on the selected hard disk drive(s) will be erased. Click "Yes" if you are

certain about this.

6. The chosen disk drives are added as spare drive.

Enabling/Disabling Bitmap

This function can reduce the rebuild time after a crash, or the time length required to remove/re-add a

hard disk. This feature does not improve disk read/write performance and may even cause slight

performance degradation. However, if an array has a bitmap, a hard disk can be removed and re-added,

and only changes in blocks need to be made since the removal (as recorded in the bitmap) can be

re-synced. To enable a bitmap, follow these steps:

1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".

2. Double click a storage pool to bring up the Storage Pool Management page.

3. Select a RAID group and click "Manage" > "Enable Bitmap" and then "OK".

To disable a bitmap,

1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".

2. Double click a storage pool to bring up the Storage Pool Management page.

3. Select a RAID group and click "Manage" > "Disable Bitmap" (only available after a bitmap has been

enabled) and then "OK".

Recovering Failed RAID Disk Volumes

This can recover failed RAID disk volumes from the "Inactive" status to a normal state (RAID 1, RAID 5,

RAID 6 and RAID 10 will be recovered to the degraded mode; RAID 0 and JBOD will be recovered to the

normal state). Before recovering a failed disk volume, please confirm that all hard disks of that disk

volume are properly seated in the NAS drive bays. Once recovery is completed, immediately back up

your data on the disk(s) in case the disk volume fails again.

Inactive RAID disk volumes can only be recovered if the minimal number of healthy disks required for

RAID

group

Minimal number of hard disks required for recovery

RAID 1

RAID 5

Number of disks - 1

RAID 6

Number of disks - 2

RAID 10

Number of disks / 2; (1 hard drive per RAID 1)

the RAID configuration is available on the NAS. For example, in a RAID 5 configuration with three disks

in the array, at least two healthy hard disk drives are required available in the NAS for volume recovery.

If not, this RAID volume cannot be recovered. Refer to the following table for the minimal number of

hard disks required to recover a RAID group:

Follow these steps to recover a failed RAID group:

1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space".

2. Double click a storage pool to bring up the Storage Pool Management page.

3. Select a failed RAID group.

4. Click "Manage" > "Recover".

5. The chosen RAID group will be recovered.

Cache Capacity

RAM Requirement*

512 GB

from 1 GB to 4 GB

1 TB

from 4 GB to 8 GB

2 TB

from 8 GB to 16 GB

4 TB

Above 16 GB

Note:

You can toggle this feature by clicking the switch button right above "Usage".

Cache Acceleration

Based on SSD technology, the Cache Acceleration feature is designed to boost access performance of

the NAS. On this page, you can both monitor SSD performance and manage cache acceleration for your

NAS. This chapter covers the following topics:

 Feature Requirements  Creating SSD Volumes  Removing SSD Volumes  Expanding SSD Volumes  Configuring Volumes for SSD Cache

Feature Requirements

SSD drives must be installed to enable this function and this feature is only available for certain NAS

models, with memory requirements. Refer to the following link for details:

https://www.qnap.com/i/en/enterprise_apply_v2/con_show.php?op=showone&cid=7

Refer to the table below for memory requirements:

*For example, for 1 TB of SSD capacity, at least 4GB RAMs are required for the NAS.

On this page, users can choose to create, remove and expand a SSD volume and configure the SSD

cache.

Creating SSD Volumes

Follow the steps below to create a SSD volume:

1. Click "Create".

2. Select the SSD drive(s) and cache algorithm to create a SSD cache volume.

3. Select the cache type: Read-Only or Read/Write. Click "Next".

4. Choose the SSD Cache Mode:

o Accelerate random I/O: Only small random I/O will be stored in SSD cache. This mode is

Note:

If SSD Cache is enabled with the Read-Write type, the SSD MUST NOT be removed

while it is being used, as this will cause data loss.

recommended for virtualization and database applications. Also, select the bypass block size

under this mode (block sizes that are larger than the specified one will not be cached).

o Accelerate sequential I/O: All I/O will be stored in SSD cache. This mode is recommended for

video streaming or large file access operations.

5. Select (or deselect) from the list to enable (or disable) the SSD cache for each iSCSI LUN and

Volume.

6. Click "Create".

7. Please note that all of the data on the selected hard drive(s) will be erased. Click "OK" to confirm.

8. An SSD cache volume will be created.

Removing SSD Volumes

Follow the steps below to remove a SSD volume:

1. Click "Remove".

2. Please note that all data on the selected hard drive(s) will be erased. Click "Yes" if you are certain

about this.

3. The SSD volume will be removed. This operation can take a prolonged period if the SSD Cache is in

Read/Write mode, as all the data in the cache must be flushed to the hard drive first.

Expanding SSD Volumes

Follow the steps below to expand a SSD volume:

1. Click "Add SSD Drive".

2. Select the SSD drive(s) from the list and click "Expand".

3. Please note that all data on the selected hard drive(s) will be erased. Click "Yes" if you are certain

about this.

4. The SSD volume will be expanded.

Configuring Volumes for SSD Cache

Follow the steps below to configure volumes for a SSD cache:

1. Click "Cache Setting".

2. Select or deselect a volume to enable/disable the SSD cache, choose whether or not to record large

block, sequential I/O operations in the cache space, and click "Finish".

3. The settings will be applied to the chosen volume.

Note:



For larger block, sequential I/O operations such as video streaming, the hit rate is lower,

and by default, they are not recorded in the cache space. If you need to record such

operations, please cancel this setting, but please remember that after this setting is

cancelled, more cache space and computing resources will be consumed for such

operations.



Not all applications can benefit from a SSD cache. Please make sure that the SSD cache

is supported by your applications.

Note:



Snapshot Replica (or volumes/LUNs replication between remote servers) is covered in

Backup Station. For more details, please refer to the Snapshot Replica chapter in Backup

Station.



Snapshots and related features are currently only available for the following NAS series:

x51*, x53, x63, x70, x71, x79, x80, x82, x89.

* The NAS must have minimum of 4 GB RAM to use snapshots.

Snapshot

Snapshot Vault stores snapshots created remotely from remote NAS via Snapshot Replica in Backup

Station. It also lets you manage and restore remote snapshots.

In this chapter, the following topics are covered:



Snapshot

Taking a Snapshot

Managing Snapshots with Snapshot Manager

Snapshot Global Settings

Managing Previous Versions in Windows



Snapshot Vault

Filtering Snapshots

Displaying Snapshot Content

Removing Snapshots

Cloning Snapshots

* x51 series models only support up to 256 snapshots instead of 1024. The HS-251

does not support snapshots.

Action

Description

View snapshot details

Select one of the following views:

 Table view: Displays a chronological list of all snapshots

 Timeline view: Displays a timeline containing all snapshots

created within a specific period and other information, including

the following:

o Snapshot details: Name, date and time of creation, status, file

size, and description

o Volume details: Shared folders and files

Restore and download files

1. Click a snapshot and select the folders and files that you want to

restore.

2. Right-click one of the following:

o "Restore": Replaces the existing folder/file with the one in the

snapshot

o "Restore to": Restores data to a different location

o "Download": Downloads the selection to your computer

Revert snapshots

Select a snapshot and click "Revert" to restore the snapshot to its

original path.

Snapshot

Taking a Snapshot

After a reserved space is set, you can proceed to take snapshots. To create a snapshot, follow

these steps:

Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Snapshot".

Switch between "Volume" or "LUN" depending on your needs, select a volume/LUN, and

click "Take a Snapshot".

Specify the snapshot name, duration to retain the snapshot and snapshot type (the

snapshot type is only available for LUN snapshots).

Click "OK".

Managing Snapshots with Snapshot Manager

To open Snapshot Manager, select a volume or LUN in "Storage Space" and click "Snapshot"

> "Snapshot Manager". Alternately, you can click the camera icon of a volume or LUN.

Snapshot Manager enables you to perform the following actions:

Warning:

The volume reverted to the selected snapshot will

be in the previous state when the snapshot was taken.

Clone snapshots to new

volumes or LUNs

1. Select a snapshot and click "Clone".

2. Type an alias for the new volume, and select the folders to share

after cloning.

Note:

You can map cloned LUN snapshots to iSCSI targets.

Delete snapshots

Select a snapshot and click "Delete" to delete that snapshot.

Configure snapshot schedules

1. Click "Schedule".

2. Select "Enable schedule" and specify the time, frequency, and

retention period.

Note:

For Smart Snapshot, the system takes a new

snapshot only if new changes are made in the selected

volume.

Note:

The "When reaching snapshot limitation" setting uses the number of snapshots, not

Snapshot Global Settings

There are two global snapshot settings:

In the Snapshot Manager window: Click "Snapshot global settings" (the gear icon) in the

top-right corner of the Snapshot Manager window. There is one global setting:



Make snapshot directory (@Recently-Snapshot) visible: Mount a snapshot volume as a

directory of a shared folder and set the snapshot volumes to be accessed (read-only) in File

Station. The snapshot directory will appear as "@Recently-Snapshot".

In the Storage Manager window: Click "Global Settings" (the gear icon) in the top-right corner

of the Storage Manager window, and there is one global setting:



When reaching snapshot limitation: Choose the policy to handle snapshots when the

snapshot limitation is reached. There are two choices.

Overwrite the oldest snapshot: When the number of snapshots reaches the limitation

(256 per LUN, 1024 total) the oldest snapshot will be deleted in order to make space for

new snapshots.

Stop making snapshot: When the number of snapshots reaches the limitation (256 per

LUN, 1024 total), no more new and scheduled snapshots will be taken until existing

snapshots are deleted. This option will prevent the deletion of older snapshots without

administrators’ consent.

the space used for snapshots. For more details, please refer to the Setting Snapshot

Reservation section.

Note:

This feature is only applicable to files that have been changed between snapshots.

Otherwise, there will be no previous versions listed in "File Explorer" > "Properties" >

"Previous Versions".

Note:



If this is the first time using this feature, please configure Snapshot Replica in Backup

Station on the source NAS first.



Snapshots and related features are currently only available for the following NAS series:

x51*, x53, x63, x70, x71, x79, x80, x82, x89.

* The NAS must have minimum of 4 GB RAM to use snapshots.

* x51 series models only support up to 256 snapshots instead of 1024. The HS-251

does not support snapshots.

Managing Previous Versions in Windows

Starting with QTS 4.2.1, snapshots can be used with the Previous Versions feature in Windows,

allowing you to instantly revert to a previous version of a file in the event of an accident (e.g. file

deletion, corruption, or accidental changes).

To use this feature, follow these steps:

In Windows, connect to a shared folder on the NAS (the shared folder must be located in a

storage pool where snapshots can be taken).

Take a snapshot of the storage pool where the shared folder is located.

In Windows, right click on a shared folder (or a file in that shared folder) in "File Explorer"

> "Properties" > "Previous Versions".

Select a version and choose to open, copy, or restore that version.

Click "OK".

Snapshot Vault

Snapshot Vault stores snapshots that are created by remote NAS devices and sent through

Snapshot Replica in Backup Station. Snapshot Vault also allows you manage and restore remote

snapshots, and replicate entire vaults to remote NAS devices.

Snapshot Vault enables you to perform the following actions:

Action

Description

Filter snapshots

Go to "Storage Manager" > "Snapshot" > "Snapshot Vault" to see a

list of available snapshots. You can filter snapshots using the

following criteria:

 Source: Source NAS IP address  Volume/LUN: Replicated volume or LUN  Location: Storage pool that contains the snapshot  Status: Snapshot status

Note:

If the status of a snapshot is not "Ready", you will not

be able to view or access that snapshot.

Display content

1. Go "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Snapshot" > "Snapshot

Vault".

2. Select a snapshot from the list and click "Show Snapshots”.

The screen displays the following information:

 Left panel: Overview of snapshots  Right panel: Folders and files in the snapshots

Note:

To review advanced information in an expanded

window, click "Hide snapshot content" next to the search

box.

Download content

1. Go "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Snapshot" > "Snapshot

Vault".

2. Select a snapshot from the list and click "Show Snapshots”.

3. Click "Show snapshot content".

4. Select the files that you want to download, right-click, and then

select "Download".

Remove snapshots

1. Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Snapshot" >

"Snapshot Vault".

2. Select a snapshot in the list and click "Remove".

Filtering Snapshots

Navigate to Snapshot Vault in "Storage Manager" > "Snapshot" > "Snapshot Vault" and you will

see a list of available snapshots. You can click the filter drop down list to filter snapshots with a

set of criteria:



Source: Source NAS IP address

Volume/LUN: The volume/LUN that has been replicated

Location: The storage pool where the snapshot has been stored

Status: The snapshot status

Note:

If the status of a snapshot is not "Ready", you will not be able to view or access that

snapshot.

Displaying Snapshot Content

Navigate to Snapshot Vault in "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Snapshot", choose the

desired snapshot replication from the list, and click "Show Snapshots" to display its content. You

can see an overview of snapshots in the left panel or browse through folders and see files in the

snapshots on the right panel.

Click the "Hide snapshot content" button next to the search box to review advanced information

regarding snapshots in an expanded window.

To download files in a snapshot, click the "Show snapshot content" button, select the files, right

click your mouse and click "Download".

Removing Snapshots

Navigate to Snapshot Vault in "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Snapshot".

Select a snapshot replication in the list and click "Remove".

The snapshot replication is removed.

Cloning Snapshots

Navigate to Snapshot Vault in "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Snapshot".

Select a snapshot replication in the list and click "Show Snapshots".

Select a snapshot on the left panel and click "Clone".

Enter a name for the volume to mount the snapshot.

Choose the folders/files to clone.

Select "OK" and the task will start immediately.

Go to "Storage Manager" > "STORAGE" > "Storage Space" and you will see the new volume

that has been cloned from Snapshot Vault.

You can now also use File Station to manage the files in the new volume.

Note:

This function or its content is only applicable on some models. To check for applicable

models, please refer to the product comparison table on the QNAP website.

Qtier

Qtier is an automated-tiering storage solutions that moves hot data to high-performance storage tiers

and cold data to lower-cost, higher-capacity drives, allowing users to enjoy exceptional application

performance and lower TCO of storage at the same time. This chapter covers the following topics:

 Creating Storage Space with Qtier  Managing Auto Tiering  Monitoring Auto-Tiering Performance

Creating Storage Space with Qtier

1. Install at least two different types of drives (SSD, SAS, or SSD) in the NAS. One of the types of drives

must be SSDs.

2. Create a new storage pool in "Storage Manager" > "Storage Space" > "Create” > “New Storage Pool"

or "Storage Manager" > "Storage Space" > or "Storage Manager" > "Storage Space" > “New Storage

Pool”.

3. The storage pool creation wizard will appear, check "Enable Qtier" and click "Next".

4. Select the SSD drives to be used to build the ultra-high speed tier in the storage pool. Select RAID

type and Hot Spare Disk. Click “Next”.

5. Configure the Snapshot settings in the “Snapshot Protection Settings” section, then click “Create”. A

confirmation box will appear informing you that the data on the selected disks will be erased if you

continue. To continue, click “OK”.

6. The “Expandable Qtier Tiered Storage Pool” window will appear, click “OK” to create other tiers. At

least two tiers must be created.

7. Proceed to create different tiers. Select the drives to build other tiers. Select RAID type and Hot

Spare Disk. Review summary and click “Expand” to continue. A confirmation box will appear

informing you that the data on the selected disks will be erased if you continue. To continue, click

“OK”.

8. The “Expandable Qtier Tiered Storage Pool” window will appear.

o To continue expanding the Qtier tiered storage pool, click “OK”. Select the drives to expand the

storage pool. Select RAID type and Hot Spare Disk. Review summary and click “Expand” to

continue.

o If you are done expanding this storage pool, click “Cancel”.

9. The “Qtier Auto Tiering Schedule Settings” window will appear. Choose to reallocate data

automatically during system idle time or during a specified schedule. Select “Apply”.

Note:



As relocation may affect the storage I/O performance, it is recommended to schedule this

action during off-peak hours or when the storage is not frequently used.



Auto Tiering cannot be started immediately after a storage pool is created, as it will need

time to retrieve information on when data is accessed. It also cannot be scheduled for full

time, otherwise the data access pattern may not be accurate.

Action

Description

Relocation Schedule

 Automatically reallocate data when the system is idle.

 The system will attempt to reduce the performance impact by

only reallocating data to different tiers when the system is idle.

 Enable Qtier Auto Tiering Schedule.

 The administrator can manually set the data relocation schedule

to low load times to reduce performance impact.

Statistics

Review the general information for each tier and history report.

Manage > Stop Relocations

Stop allocation.

Manage > Set Allocation Level

Set the default data allocation tier and data reservation ratio for

ultra-high speed tier.

 Default data allocation tier: Set which tier new data will be

stored in.

 Data reservation ratio for the ultra-high speed tier: Choose the

amount of data to retain in the ultra high-speed tier (even

though they are cold data).

Managing Auto Tiering

Go to "Storage Manager" > "Storage Space" and double click on a Qtier Auto Tiering Storage Pool to

bring up the “Storage Pool Management” window. Select “Qtier Auto Tiering”. The following actions are

available:

Monitoring Auto-Tiering Performance

On the Storage Pool Management dialog (bottom of the dialog), the current auto-tiering settings and

performance will be listed:

 Relocation status: Indicates if auto-tiering is active (or idle).  Enable schedule: Indicates if the schedule is enabled.

 Data reservation ratio for ultra-high speed tier: Indicates the amount of data currently set to be

retained in the ultra-high speed tier.

 Amount of data optimized for performance: Shows the amount of data that has been allocated to

high-speed tiers (or the "Move Down" or "Move Up" columns in "Manage" > "Statistics") in the last

auto tiering schedule.

 Amount of data optimized for capacity: Shows the amount of data that have been allocated to high

speed tiers (or the "Move Down" or "Move Up" columns in "Manage" > "Statistics") in the last auto

tiering schedule.

 Data allocation priority: Indicates whether data will be written on the SSD tier if the "ultra-high

speed" is set in "Manage" or first written on the SATA tier and then the SSD if "Capacity" is set in

"Manage"

Additionally, you can check the history report ("Manage" > “Qtier Auto Tiering” > "Statistics") for further

details on auto-tiering performance, including data moved up/down in a task, total used space after task

completion and the current tasks with a trend chart.

iSCSI

Manage the iSCSI storage, create advanced ACLs and back up LUNs with the iSCSI management

features.

For details on the features, please refer to the following links:

 iSCSI Storage  LUN Backup

Note:

In the context of your network, your computer (an initiator) connects to the NAS and retrieves

the following:

o List of available targets

o List of available LUNs in each target

Note:

The NAS supports multiple iSCSI targets and multiple LUNs per target.

iSCSI Storage

The NAS supports a built-in Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) service for clustered and

virtualized environments.

An iSCSI storage network includes the following nodes:

 Target: Storage device that contains one or more LUNs, which are logical units of storage

 Initiator: Client that initiates connections (through SCSI commands) to the storage device, which is

called a target

In addition to enabling and disabling the service, users can perform the following tasks:

 Configure the port of the iSCSI portal  Enable or disable the Internet Storage Name Service (iSNS) service  Manage all iSCSI targets and LUNs, including mapping and unmapping of LUNs to specific targets

In this chapter, these topics are covered:

100

QNAP TS-231, TS-231P, TS-251+-2G, TS-431+ User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Notice

Legal Notice and Disclaimer

Regulatory Notice

Document Annotation

Safety Information and Precautions

Getting Started

Hardware Installation

Hard Disk Drive Compatibility List

Checking System Status

Software Installation

Smart Installation Guide

Cloud Installation

HDMI Installation

Getting Utilities

Connecting to NAS Shared Folders

Windows

Mac or Linux

Connecting to NAS by Web Browser

Migrating NAS

QTS Basics and Desktop

Introducing QTS

Using QTS Desktop

System Settings

General Settings

Storage Manager

Dashboard

Storage

Disks/VJBOD

Storage Space

Storage Pools

Volumes

RAID Groups

Cache Acceleration

Snapshot

Qtier

iSCSI

iSCSI Storage